1<!doctype html><html dir="ltr" lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><head>
1<script data-no-optimize="1">var litespeed_docref=sessionStorage.getItem("litespeed_docref");litespeed_docref&&(Object.defineProperty(document,"referrer",{get:function(){return litespeed_docref}}),sessionStorage.removeItem("litespeed_docref"));</script>
1 <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"><title>Vulgar History - Scandalous stories of historical women</title><meta name="description" content="Scandalous stories of historical women" /><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/" /><link rel="next" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/page/2/" /><meta name="generator" content="All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2.1" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Vulgar History - Scandalous stories of historical women" /><meta property="og:type" content="website" /><meta property="og:title" content="Vulgar History - Scandalous stories of historical women" /><meta property="og:description" content="Scandalous stories of historical women" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://vulgarhistory.com/" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2307250-1572052014810-426b7b4928296-scaled.jpg" /><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2307250-1572052014810-426b7b4928296-scaled.jpg" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Vulgar History - Scandalous stories of historical women" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Scandalous stories of historical women" /><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2307250-1572052014810-426b7b4928296-scaled.jpg" />
1<script type="application/ld+json" class="aioseo-schema">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/category\/episode\/#listItem","name":"Episode"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/category\/episode\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Episode","item":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/category\/episode\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/2026\/09\/30\/anne-boleyn-part-one-the-women-who-raised-her\/#listItem","name":"Anne Boleyn part one: The women who raised her"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#listItem","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/2026\/09\/30\/anne-boleyn-part-one-the-women-who-raised-her\/#listItem","position":3,"name":"Anne Boleyn part one: The women who raised her","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/category\/episode\/#listItem","name":"Episode"}}]},{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#collectionpage","url":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/","name":"Vulgar History - Scandalous stories of historical women","description":"Scandalous stories of historical women","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#breadcrumblist"},"about":{"@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#organization"}},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#organization","name":"Vulgar History","de
1scription":"Scandalous stories of historical women","url":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2307250-1572052014810-426b7b4928296-scaled.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#organizationLogo","width":2560,"height":2560},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#organizationLogo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/","name":"Vulgar History","description":"Scandalous stories of historical women","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/vulgarhistory.com\/#organization"}}]}</script>
1
1<script src="data:text/javascript;base64,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" defer></script>
1 <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Vulgar History » Feed" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Vulgar History » Comments Feed" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/comments/feed/" /><style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css">img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px} 2/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */</style><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/c46fa23d628b4ec7c5b2f730184adff7.css?ver=adff7' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='aioseo/css/src/vue/standalone/blocks/table-of-contents/global.scss-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/6724e488643cde24e82ca7a64dcc5425.css?ver=c5425' media='all' /><style id="global-styles-inline-css">:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,0) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);
2--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}.wp-block-button{--wp--preset--dimension--25: 25%;--wp--preset--dimension--50: 50%;--wp--preset--dimension--75: 75%;--wp--preset--dimension--100: 100%;}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 800px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1200px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 24px; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 24px; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 24px;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 24px;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}
2.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} 3:root :where(.wp-block-icon svg){width: 24px;} 4:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} 5/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */</style><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/6783ad456a82fad8b53605749d332cd2.css?ver=32cd2' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-theme-style-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/3fd975dd47d80058fce027279d93ce12.css?ver=3ce12' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-header-footer-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/68c57e4ba689e94a9cec815e133e4459.css?ver=e4459' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/8a6859d3a18b24c0dc8cffa0dbd67e60.css?ver=67e60' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-6-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/443e4f26c9036f43da215e47e5cc75fd.css?ver=c75fd' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='ecs-color-scheme-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/ca04c42f4a6fe5b6db3ecc1e5c59c57b.css?ver=9c57b' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='ecs-container-layout-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/b32342c70016ed295db4f9d3fd98f630.css?ver=8f630' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/f63d031f647e2a2dec4ed410d6874581.css?ver=74581' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='e-swiper-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/75ceefc41be7f42f9f6658ccd9740aa0.css?ver=40aa0' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='ecs-mobile-menu-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/fc4e0ce6a5a7b6c2441698646127a3f8.css?ver=7a3f8' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='ecs-editorial-text-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/97768958ff5772fda44c9e4bec867d87.css?ver=67d87' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='widget-image-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/1187e08f5992a39ce23e35aae1a02dd4.css?ver=02dd4' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='widget-social-icons-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/5a2056ee35debabaa362c31dc8e996fa.css?ver=996fa' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='e-apple-webkit-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/7e35648c39cf2f8def4c27a574066a78.css?ver=66a78' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='widget-nav-menu-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/9c44dca2371a7a7c0b49b85195d9d71c.css?ver=9d71c' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='widget-search-form-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/1a5925d47701db91f856638fb8b4f4ab.css?ver=4f4ab' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-shared-0-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/15b6e65d3a8a70180595586d1854103f.css?ver=4103f' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-solid-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/24302fa5605cb62013983c25c6304ab4.css?ver=04ab4' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='e-sticky-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/7361f1eda3b14997c262d91c4d3c82b9.css?ver=c82b9' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='widget-posts-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/dc2e4a
5715cb17682589bf2009690de20.css?ver=0de20' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/f0029f624b1492cfabf678ea03aa63c3.css?ver=a63c3' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-18-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/082c36c7bfdef2c3c2870358d4aefcf5.css?ver=efcf5' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-25-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/d8a10ac4cdcb0649b013df5f044ee097.css?ver=ee097' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-133-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/7ce395032d47fd453f47f49777ccedac.css?ver=cedac' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='eael-general-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/8436e0b4903189346d4b80c7a28b63f4.css?ver=b63f4' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='ecs-styles-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/ae3b92b03c9a3f26f49bbb20647ef50d.css?ver=ef50d' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-1090-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/df70849127215efd6570ae72c014423d.css?ver=4423d' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-gf-local-ebgaramond-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/b715dc937daf53bbe2ef66c3d0a9fd29.css?ver=9fd29' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-brands-css' href='https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/css/8101ac5f51c4d8f3ef57b4b65df2fffb.css?ver=2fffb' media='all' />
5<script id="jquery-core-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script>
5
5<script data-optimized="1" id="jquery-migrate-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/4921bce39ead327927274979df03011f.js?ver=3011f" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
5
5<script data-optimized="1" id="ecs-mobile-menu-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/bc092cef82357f1a116dd3381f6f7a5a.js?ver=f7a5a" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
vendor: 82 bytes, lines 5-6
5 6 <script id="google_gtagjs-js" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=
6G-8M1W57VE1S
vendor: 36 bytes, line 6
6" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
6<script id="google_gtagjs-js-after" src="data:text/javascript;base64,d2luZG93LmRhdGFMYXllcj13aW5kb3cuZGF0YUxheWVyfHxbXTtmdW5jdGlvbiBndGFnKCl7ZGF0YUxheWVyLnB1c2goYXJndW1lbnRzKX0KZ3RhZygic2V0IiwibGlua2VyIix7ImRvbWFpbnMiOlsidnVsZ2FyaGlzdG9yeS5jb20iXX0pO2d0YWcoImpzIixuZXcgRGF0ZSgpKTtndGFnKCJzZXQiLCJkZXZlbG9wZXJfaWQuZFpUTmlNVCIsITApO2d0YWcoImNvbmZpZyIsIkctOE0xVzU3VkUxUyIp" defer></script>
6
6<script id="ecs_ajax_load-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,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" defer></script>
6
6<script data-optimized="1" id="ecs_ajax_load-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/c3386fabe2ff8abfcabab7cc037a02c6.js?ver=a02c6" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
6
6<script data-optimized="1" id="ecs-script-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/2b86ca2b43e85fe0b03feb45a475f703.js?ver=5f703" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
6 <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /><meta name="generator" content="WordPress 7.1.2" /><meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.188.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Elementor 4.3.3; features: additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto"><style>.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), 7 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { 8 background-image: none !important; 9 } 10 @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { 11 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), 12 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { 13 background-image: none !important; 14 } 15 } 16 @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { 17 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), 18 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { 19 background-image: none !important; 20 } 21 }</style><link rel="icon" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/cropped-e51d52e3f245cbc32118cb8519d27bed-scaled-1-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/cropped-e51d52e3f245cbc32118cb8519d27bed-scaled-1-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/cropped-e51d52e3f245cbc32118cb8519d27bed-scaled-1-180x180.jpg" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/cropped-e51d52e3f245cbc32118cb8519d27bed-scaled-1-270x270.jpg" /></head><body class="home blog wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive wp-theme-hello-elementor hello-elementor-default elementor-page-133 elementor-default elementor-template-full-width elementor-kit-6"><a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a><header data-elementor-type="header" data-elementor-id="18" class="elementor elementor-18 elementor-location-header" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"><header class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235c2125 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="235c2125" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","sticky":"top","sticky_on":["desktop","tablet","mobile"],"sticky_offset":0,"sticky_effects_offset":0,"sticky_anchor_link_offset":0}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e95dc6b" data-id="6e95dc6b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-423a1f25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-site-logo elementor-widget-image" data-id="423a1f25" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-site-logo.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"> 22<a href="https://vulgarhistory.com"> 23<img fetchpriority="high" width="1500" height="428" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-Vulgar-History-Logo-2.png.webp" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-166" alt="" srcset="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-Vulgar-History-Logo-2.png.webp 1500w, https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-Vulgar-History-Logo-2-300x86.png 300w, https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-Vulgar-History-Logo-2-1024x292.png.webp 1024w, https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-Vulgar-History-Logo-2-768x219.png.webp 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1500px) 100v
23w, 1500px" /> </a></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0029477 elementor-shape-circle elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons" data-id="0029477" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="social-icons.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><div class="elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid" role="list"> 24<span class="elementor-grid-item" role="listitem"> 25<a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-342b5ba" href="https://instagram.com/vulgarhistorypod" target="_blank"> 26<span class="elementor-screen-only">Instagram</span> 27<i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-instagram"></i> </a> 28</span> 29<span class="elementor-grid-item" role="listitem"> 30<a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-threads elementor-repeater-item-862b779" href="https://www.threads.net/@vulgarhistorypod" target="_blank"> 31<span class="elementor-screen-only">Threads</span> 32<i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-threads"></i> </a> 33</span> 34<span class="elementor-grid-item" role="listitem"> 35<a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-89631df" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGlo96o8uSn88bjc-FpkJyw" target="_blank"> 36<span class="elementor-screen-only">Youtube</span> 37<i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-youtube"></i> </a> 38</span> 39<span class="elementor-grid-item" role="listitem"> 40<a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-podcast elementor-repeater-item-c6fbeee" target="_blank"> 41<span class="elementor-screen-only">Podcast</span> 42<i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-podcast"></i> </a> 43</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4df91e1d" data-id="4df91e1d" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7b24551e e--animation-slide elementor-nav-menu--stretch ecs-toggle-align-right elementor-widget__width-initial ecs-nav-layout-horizontal elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet e--pointer-underline elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu" data-id="7b24551e" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-settings="{"full_width":"stretch","layout":"horizontal","submenu_icon":{"value":"<i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>","library":"fa-solid"},"toggle":"burger"}" data-widget_type="nav-menu.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><nav aria-label="Menu" class="elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-slide"><ul id="menu-1-7b24551e" class="elementor-nav-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-155"><a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/about/" class="elementor-item">About</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-185"><a href="https://pod.link/1489560920" class="elementor-item">Listen</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3022"><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeYtG5B3qyExkWC9qFkiWenN0t7p3Bx6kL649eudDRDh2rfYA/viewform?usp=header" class="elementor-item">Newsletter</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-151"><a href="http://patreon.com/annfosterwriter" class="elementor-item">Join our Patreon</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-154"><a href="/store" class="elementor-item">Store</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1142"><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/Fredegund-Memorial-Scandaliciousness-Scale" class="elementor-item">Scores</a></li></ul></nav><div class="elementor-menu-toggle" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Menu Toggle" aria-expanded="false"> 44<i aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" class="elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar"></i><i aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" class="elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close"></i></div><nav class="elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container" aria-hidden="true"><ul id="menu-2-7b24551e" class="elementor-nav-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-155"><a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/about/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">About</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-185"><a href="https://pod.link/1489560920" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Listen</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3022"><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeYtG5B3qyExkWC9qFkiWenN0t7p3Bx6kL649eudDRDh2rfYA/viewform?usp=header" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Newsletter</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-151"><a href="http://patreon.com/annfosterwriter" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Join our Patreon</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-154"><a href="/store" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Store</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1142"><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/Fredegund-Memorial-Scandaliciousness-Scale" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Scores</a></li></ul></nav></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d981758 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-search-form--skin-classic elementor-search-form--button-type-icon elementor-search-form--icon-search elementor-widget elementor-widget-search-form" data-id="d981758" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-settings="{"skin":"classic"}" data-widget_type="search-form.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"> 45<search role="search"><form class="elementor-search-form" action="https://vulgarhistory.com" method="get"><div class="elementor-search-form__container"> 46<label class="elementor-screen-only" for="elementor-search-form-d981758">Search</label> 47<input id="elementor-search-form-d981758" placeholder="Search..." class="elementor-search-form__input" type="search" name="s" value=""> 48<button class="elementor-search-form__submit" type="submit" aria-label="Search"> 49<i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-search"></i> </button></div></form> 50</search></div></div></div></div></div></header></header><div data-elementor-type="archive" data-elementor-id="133" class="elementor elementor-133 elementor-location-archive" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"><section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30121f26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="30121f26" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42dddb27" data-id="42dddb27" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-background-overlay"></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1bfd0659 elementor-widget elementor-widget-archive-posts" data-id="1bfd0659" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-settings="{"archive_full_content_row_gap":{"unit":"px","size":35,"sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="archive-posts.archive_full_content"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><div class="elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-archive_full_content elementor-grid" role="list"><article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-4463 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-episode" role="listitem"><div class="elementor-post__text"><h1 class="elementor-post__title"> 51<a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/2026/09/30/anne-boleyn-part-one-the-women-who-raised-her/" > 52Anne Boleyn part one: The women who raised her </a></h1><div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> 53<span class="elementor-post-date"> 54September 30, 2026 </span></div><p><iframe src="https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=SBP8106808218" width="100%" height="210" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 100%;height: 210px"></iframe></p><p>October is Anne Boleyn Month! And we’
54re kicking things off with a discussion of Anne Boleyn’s lesser-known early years. We learn about her female mentors (there are a lot, mostly named Margaret), her Emily in Paris era, and what brought her back to England in service to Queen Katherine of Aragon.</p><p>Next time: Everything’s going so well! Right?</p><p><a href="https://vulgarhistory.dashery.com/products/98985162-six-tudor-queens-t-shirt">Shop our new Six Queens theme merch</a></p><p><a href="https://commonera.com/products/anne-boleyn-necklace?_pos=1&_sid=7f6a5d47b&_ss=r">Get 15% off an Anne Boleyn pendant or ring from our brand partner Common Era with code VULGAR15</a></p><p><a href="https://www.hrp.org.uk/schools/teach-the-six-queens-differently/teach-the-six-queens-differently-learning-resources/">Learn about Historic Royal Palaces campaign to teach the six queens differently</a></p><p>â</p><p>Get Discord access, ad-free episodes, and bonus episodes by joining our Patreon <a href="https://patreon.com/annfosterwriter">â â â â â â â â â â patreon.com/annfosterwriterâ â â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p><a href="http://annfosterwriter.com/">â â â â â â â â â â â Buy a copy of Ann’s book <em>Rebel of the Regency</em>â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p>Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at <a href="http://commonera.com/vulgar">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.com/vulgar15â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> or go to <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/ee2c558a-f5ca-11ed-baad-a3c9c28dd087/commonera.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> and use code VULGAR15 at checkout</p><p>â</p><p>Get Vulgar History merch at <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/c64fb09a-9c68-11ed-a0e4-bbceaf31dbb7/vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.com/storeâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (best for US shipping) and <a href="http://vulgarhistory.redbubble.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.redbubble.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (better for international shipping)</p><p>â</p><p>Vulgar History is an affiliate of <a href="https://Bookshop.org">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Bookshop.orgâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a>, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will c
54ome back to Vulgar History as a commission. <a href="https://bookshop.org/shop/vulgarhistory">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p></p><p>Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a></p></div></article><article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-4460 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-episode" role="listitem"><div class="elementor-post__text"><h1 class="elementor-post__title"> 55<a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/2026/09/23/elizabeth-barton-and-the-downfall-of-anne-boleyn/" > 56Elizabeth Barton and the Downfall of Anne Boleyn </a></h1><div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> 57<span class="elementor-post-date"> 58September 23, 2026 </span></div><p><iframe src="https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=SBP2062424943" width="100%" height="210" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 100%;height: 210px"></iframe></p><p>Elizabeth Barton, also known as the Mad Maid of Kent, was a prophetess during the Tudor Era. Her visions were so influential that Henry VIII summoned her to court. What did she have to do with Anne Boleyn’s downfall… and what led to Elizabeth’s own fall from grace?</p><p>Author Hayley Nolan shares the saga of Elizabeth Barton on this week’s podcast. Read Hayley’s new book <em>Notorious: Anne Boleyn and the Great Tudor Hoax</em> to learn more about this whole situation.</p><p><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/1419/9781250441157">Buy a copy of Hayley’s book Notorious: Anne Boleyn and the Great Tudor Hoax (affiliate link)</a></p><p>â</p><p>Get Discord access, ad-free episodes, and bonus episodes by joining our Patreon <a href="https://patreon.com/annfosterwriter">â â â â â â â â â patreon.com/annfosterwriterâ â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p><a href="http://annfosterwriter.com/">â â â â â â â â â â Buy a copy of Ann’s book <em>Rebel of the Regency</em>â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p>Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at <a href="http://commonera.com/vulgar">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.com/vulgar15â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> or go to <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/ee2c558a-f5ca-11ed-baad-a3c9c28dd087/commonera.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> and use code VULGAR15 at checkout</p><p>â</p><p>Get Vulgar History merch at <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/c64fb09a-9c68-11ed-a0e4-bbceaf31dbb7/vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.com/storeâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (best for US shipping) and <a href="http://vulgarhistory.redbubble.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.redbubble.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (better for international shipping)</p><p>â</p><p>Vulgar History is an affiliate of <a href="https://Bookshop.org">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Bookshop.orgâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a>, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will c
58ome back to Vulgar History as a commission. <a href="https://bookshop.org/shop/vulgarhistory">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p></p><p>Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a></p></div></article><article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-4457 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-episode" role="listitem"><div class="elementor-post__text"><h1 class="elementor-post__title"> 59<a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/2026/09/16/who-were-the-black-tudors/" > 60Who were the Black Tudors? </a></h1><div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> 61<span class="elementor-post-date"> 62September 16, 2026 </span></div><p><iframe src="https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=SBP4364244937" width="100%" height="210" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 100%;height: 210px"></iframe></p><p>What were Black people doing in Tudor England? Playing music, deep-sea diving, exploring, getting married, testifying in court cases, and so much more. Miranda Kauffman shared her research in her 2017 book <em>Black Tudors </em>and joins us on the podcast to explain what you may not know about Black Tudor history.</p><p><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/1419/9781786073969">Buy a copy of Miranda’s book <em>Black Tudors </em>(</a>affiliate link)</p><p>Further reading on Black British history:</p><p><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/1419/9781529065602"><em>Black and British: A Forgotten History </em>by David Olusoga</a> (affiliate link)</p><p><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/1419/9781541619920"><em>African Europeans: An Untold History</em> by Olivette Otele</a> (affiliate link)</p><p>â</p><p>Get Discord access, ad-free episodes, and bonus episodes by joining our Patreon <a href="https://patreon.com/annfosterwriter">â â â â â â â â patreon.com/annfosterwriterâ â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p><a href="http://annfosterwriter.com/">â â â â â â â â â Buy a copy of Ann’s book <em>Rebel of the Regency</em>â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p>Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at <a href="http://commonera.com/vulgar">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.com/vulgar15â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> or go to <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/ee2c558a-f5ca-11ed-baad-a3c9c28dd087/commonera.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> and use code VULGAR15 at checkout</p><p>â</p><p>Get Vulgar History merch at <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/c64fb09a-9c68-11ed-a0e4-bbceaf31dbb7/vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.com/storeâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (best for US shipping) and <a href="http://vulgarhistory.redbubble.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.redbubble.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (better for international shipping)</p><p>â</p><p>Vulgar History is an affiliate of <a href="https://Bookshop.org">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Bookshop.orgâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a>, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will c
62ome back to Vulgar History as a commission. <a href="https://bookshop.org/shop/vulgarhistory">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p></p><p>Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a></p></div></article><article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-4452 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-episode" role="listitem"><div class="elementor-post__text"><h1 class="elementor-post__title"> 63<a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/2026/09/09/queer-tudor-history/" > 64Queer Tudor History </a></h1><div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> 65<span class="elementor-post-date"> 66September 9, 2026 </span></div><p><iframe src="https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=SBP7788914841" width="100%" height="210" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 100%;height: 210px"></iframe></p><p>What was queer life like during the Tudor Era? We’re joined by Dr. Kit Heyam to discuss Henry VIII’s Buggery Act (boo!), queer poet Richard Barnfield (yay!), and what Shakespeare and Marlowe were really up to (ooh!).</p><p>Learn more about Kit and his work at <a href="https://kitheyam.com">kitheyam.com</a></p><p>And listen to Kit, and other wonderful guests, on the new podcast <a href="https://timetravellingqueers.com/">Time Travelling Queers</a></p><p>â</p><p>Get Discord access, ad-free episodes, and bonus episodes by joining our Patreon <a href="https://patreon.com/annfosterwriter">â â â â â â â patreon.com/annfosterwriterâ â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p><a href="http://annfosterwriter.com/">â â â â â â â â Buy a copy of Ann’s book <em>Rebel of the Regency</em>â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p>Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at <a href="http://commonera.com/vulgar">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.com/vulgar15â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> or go to <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/ee2c558a-f5ca-11ed-baad-a3c9c28dd087/commonera.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> and use code VULGAR15 at checkout</p><p>â</p><p>Get Vulgar History merch at <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/c64fb09a-9c68-11ed-a0e4-bbceaf31dbb7/vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.com/storeâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (best for US shipping) and <a href="http://vulgarhistory.redbubble.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.redbubble.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (better for international shipping)</p><p>â</p><p>Vulgar History is an affiliate of <a href="https://Bookshop.org">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Bookshop.orgâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a>, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will c
66ome back to Vulgar History as a commission. <a href="https://bookshop.org/shop/vulgarhistory">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p></p><p>Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a></p></div></article><article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-4450 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-episode" role="listitem"><div class="elementor-post__text"><h1 class="elementor-post__title"> 67<a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/2026/09/02/marie-maitland-scotlands-sixteenth-century-sappho/" > 68Marie Maitland, Scotland’s Sixteenth-Century Sappho </a></h1><div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> 69<span class="elementor-post-date"> 70September 2, 2026 </span></div><p><iframe src="https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=SBP7126121745" width="100%" height="210" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 100%;height: 210px"></iframe></p><p>Marie Maitland was a queer poet living during the tumultuous 16th century in Scotland. Her life and writings were mostly unknown until historian Ashley Douglas began to piece it all together.</p><p>Ashley Douglas joins us this week to discuss how she unearthed Marie’s story and the importance of queer history.</p><p><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/1419/9781035430628">Buy a copy of Ashley’s book <em>With My Own Hand </em>(affiliate link)</a></p><p>â</p><p>Get Discord access, ad-free episodes, and bonus episodes by joining our Patreon <a href="https://patreon.com/annfosterwriter">â â â â â â patreon.com/annfosterwriterâ â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p><a href="http://annfosterwriter.com/">â â â â â â â Buy a copy of Ann’s book <em>Rebel of the Regency</em>â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p>Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at <a href="http://commonera.com/vulgar">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.com/vulgar15â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> or go to <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/ee2c558a-f5ca-11ed-baad-a3c9c28dd087/commonera.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> and use code VULGAR15 at checkout</p><p>â</p><p>Get Vulgar History merch at <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/c64fb09a-9c68-11ed-a0e4-bbceaf31dbb7/vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.com/storeâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (best for US shipping) and <a href="http://vulgarhistory.redbubble.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.redbubble.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (better for international shipping)</p><p>â</p><p>Vulgar History is an affiliate of <a href="https://Bookshop.org">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Bookshop.orgâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a>, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will c
70ome back to Vulgar History as a commission. <a href="https://bookshop.org/shop/vulgarhistory">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p></p><p>Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a></p></div></article><article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-4448 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-episode" role="listitem"><div class="elementor-post__text"><h1 class="elementor-post__title"> 71<a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/2026/08/26/witch-hunts-in-tudor-era-scotland-ft-witches-of-scotland/" > 72Witch Hunts in Tudor Era Scotland (ft. Witches of Scotland) </a></h1><div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> 73<span class="elementor-post-date"> 74August 26, 2026 </span></div><p><iframe src="https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=SBP5667080159" width="100%" height="210" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 100%;height: 210px"></iframe></p><p>Witch hunts were at a fever pitch in Scotland in the 16th and 17th centuries. Who was hunted, how were they investigated, and how many were executed?</p><p>Zoe Venditozzi and Claire Mitchell, KC, from <em>Witches of Scotland</em> are here to explain why we are not the daughters of the witches they didn’t burn.</p><p><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/1419/9781464241253">Pick up a copy of Zoe and Claire’s book <em>How To Kill a Witch </em> – now in paperback!</a> (affiliate link)</p><p><a href="https://www.witchesofscotland.com/">Keep up with their podcast, advocacy work, tartan, and clan at the Witches of Scotland website</a></p><p>â</p><p>Get Discord access, ad-free episodes, and bonus episodes by joining our Patreon <a href="https://patreon.com/annfosterwriter">â â â â â patreon.com/annfosterwriterâ â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p><a href="http://annfosterwriter.com/">â â â â â â Buy a copy of Ann’s book <em>Rebel of the Regency</em>â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p>Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at <a href="http://commonera.com/vulgar">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.com/vulgar15â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> or go to <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/ee2c558a-f5ca-11ed-baad-a3c9c28dd087/commonera.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> and use code VULGAR15 at checkout</p><p>â</p><p>Get Vulgar History merch at <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/c64fb09a-9c68-11ed-a0e4-bbceaf31dbb7/vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.com/storeâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (best for US shipping) and <a href="http://vulgarhistory.redbubble.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.redbubble.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (better for international shipping)</p><p>â</p><p>Vulgar History is an affiliate of <a href="https://Bookshop.org">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Bookshop.orgâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a>, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will c
74ome back to Vulgar History as a commission. <a href="https://bookshop.org/shop/vulgarhistory">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p></p><p>Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a></p></div></article><article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-4446 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-episode" role="listitem"><div class="elementor-post__text"><h1 class="elementor-post__title"> 75<a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/2026/08/19/the-tudors-take-america/" > 76The Tudors Take America </a></h1><div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> 77<span class="elementor-post-date"> 78August 19, 2026 </span></div><p><iframe src="https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=SBP9354469284" width="100%" height="210" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 100%;height: 210px"></iframe></p><p>In 1497, King Henry VII of England sent Italian explorer John Cabot to North America. Over the next two centuries, British adventurers came to various parts of Eastern North America. The objects they picked up, created by Indigenous artisans, sparked various trends back in England.</p><p>Author Lauren Working joins us to talk about some of these objects and the way they shaped culture in Tudor England.</p><p><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/1419/9798897100248">Buy a copy of Lauren’s book A Golden World: How the Americas Transformed Tudor and Stuart England (affiliate link)</a></p><p>â</p><p>Get Discord access, ad-free episodes, and bonus episodes by joining our Patreon <a href="https://patreon.com/annfosterwriter">â â â â patreon.com/annfosterwriterâ â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p><a href="http://annfosterwriter.com/">â â â â â Buy a copy of Ann’s book <em>Rebel of the Regency</em>â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p>Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at <a href="http://commonera.com/vulgar">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.com/vulgar15â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> or go to <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/ee2c558a-f5ca-11ed-baad-a3c9c28dd087/commonera.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> and use code VULGAR15 at checkout</p><p>â</p><p>Get Vulgar History merch at <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/c64fb09a-9c68-11ed-a0e4-bbceaf31dbb7/vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.com/storeâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (best for US shipping) and <a href="http://vulgarhistory.redbubble.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.redbubble.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (better for international shipping)</p><p>â</p><p>Vulgar History is an affiliate of <a href="https://Bookshop.org">â â â â â â â â â â â â â Bookshop.orgâ â â â â â â â â â â â â </a>, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will c
78ome back to Vulgar History as a commission. <a href="https://bookshop.org/shop/vulgarhistory">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p></p><p>Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a></p></div></article><article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-4439 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-episode" role="listitem"><div class="elementor-post__text"><h1 class="elementor-post__title"> 79<a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/2026/08/12/the-other-boleyn-girls-and-boys/" > 80The Other Boleyn Girls (and Boys) </a></h1><div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> 81<span class="elementor-post-date"> 82August 12, 2026 </span></div><p><iframe src="https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=SBP8803273017" width="100%" height="210" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 100%;height: 210px"></iframe></p><p>Anne Boleyn is one of the best-known women from the Tudor era. Her family members are less well-known, which is why we’re talking about them today. From her Irish granny to her notorious brother and his wife, we’re here to talk about The Other Boleyn Family Members and Hever, the home they all shared.</p><p>Tracy Borman, author of the new novel <em>The House of Boleyn, </em>joins us to discuss all the Boleyn family drama.</p><p><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/1419/9780802167859">Buy a copy of Tracy’s book <em>The House of Boleyn </em>(affiliate link)</a></p><p>â</p><p><a href="https://commonera.com/products/anne-boleyn-necklace">Get 15% off the Anne Boleyn pendant from Common Era with code VULGAR15 (affiliate link)</a></p><p>â</p><p>
82Get ad-free episodes and more by joining our Patreon at <a href="https://patreon.com/annfosterwriter">â â â â patreon.com/annfosterwriterâ â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p><a href="http://annfosterwriter.com/">â â â â â Buy a copy of Ann’s book <em>Rebel of the Regency</em>â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p>Get Vulgar History merch at <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/c64fb09a-9c68-11ed-a0e4-bbceaf31dbb7/vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.com/storeâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (best for US shipping) and <a href="http://vulgarhistory.redbubble.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.redbubble.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (better for international shipping)</p><p>â</p><p>Vulgar History is an affiliate of <a href="https://Bookshop.org">â â â â â â â â â â â â â Bookshop.orgâ â â â â â â â â â â â â </a>, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will come back to Vulgar History as a commission. <a href="https://bookshop.org/shop/vulgarhistory">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p></p><p>Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a></p></div></article><article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-4431 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-episode" role="listitem"><div class="elementor-post__text"><h1 class="elementor-post__title"> 83<a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/2026/08/05/catherine-of-aragon-real-queen-sht/" > 84Catherine of Aragon: Real Queen Sh*t </a></h1><div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> 85<span class="elementor-post-date"> 86August 5, 2026 </span></div><p><iframe src="https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=SBP6410647163" width="100%" height="210" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 100%;height: 210px"></iframe></p><p>Catherine of Aragon was Queen of England for twenty-four years. Yet somehow she’s usually only remembered as one of Henry VIII’s six wives? This cannot stand!</p><p>This week we are joined by historian Kate Williams to celebrate Catherine of Aragon’s Queen Era, and why she deserves to be remembered as more than just some man’s wife.</p><p><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/1419/9798897102044">Get a copy of Kate’s new book <em>Regina: A New History of Women and Power </em></a>(affiliate link)</p><p>â</p><p>Get 30% off paid Patreon memberships with code TUDOR all month at <a href="https://patreon.com/annfosterwriter">â â â patreon.com/annfosterwriterâ â â </a></p><p>â</p><p><a href="http://annfosterwriter.com/">â â â â Buy a copy of Ann’s book <em>Rebel of the Regency</em>â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p>Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at <a href="http://commonera.com/vulgar">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.com/vulgar15â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> or go to <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/ee2c558a-f5ca-11ed-baad-a3c9c28dd087/commonera.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> and use code VULGAR15 at checkout</p><p>â</p><p>Get Vulgar History merch at <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/c64fb09a-9c68-11ed-a0e4-bbceaf31dbb7/vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.com/storeâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (best for US shipping) and <a href="http://vulgarhistory.redbubble.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.redbubble.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (better for international shipping)</p><p>â</p><p>Vulgar History is an affiliate of <a href="https://Bookshop.org">â â â â â â â â â â â â Bookshop.orgâ â â â â â â â â â â â </a>, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will c
86ome back to Vulgar History as a commission. <a href="https://bookshop.org/shop/vulgarhistory">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p></p><p>Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a></p></div></article><article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-4371 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-episode" role="listitem"><div class="elementor-post__text"><h1 class="elementor-post__title"> 87<a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/2026/07/29/so-this-ahole-henry-viii/" > 88So This A**hole: Henry VIII </a></h1><div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> 89<span class="elementor-post-date"> 90July 29, 2026 </span></div><p><iframe src="https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=SBP3469022436" width="100%" height="210" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 100%;height: 210px"></iframe></p><p>Henry VIII stomped all over the Tudor era, and for a long time people thought he was a great guy. Some people knew he was not, like the six women unlucky enough to marry him. But in a post-<em>Six </em>world, Henry is now seen as the villain of this story.</p><p>We’re joined by Jillian Laine, author of the new novel <em>Henry Tudor Must Die, </em>to explain why Henry VIII was, in fact, The Worst.</p><p><a href="https://bookshop.org/a/1419/9798217189717">Buy a copy of <em>Henry Tudor Muse Die </em>(affiliate link)</a></p><p>â</p><p>Get 30% off paid Patreon memberships with code TUDOR all month at <a href="https://patreon.com/annfosterwriter">â â patreon.com/annfosterwriterâ â </a></p><p>â</p><p><a href="http://annfosterwriter.com/">â â â Buy a copy of Ann’s book <em>Rebel of the Regency</em>â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p><p>â</p><p>Get 15% off all the gorgeous jewellery and accessories at <a href="http://commonera.com/vulgar">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.com/vulgar15â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> or go to <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/ee2c558a-f5ca-11ed-baad-a3c9c28dd087/commonera.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â commonera.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> and use code VULGAR15 at checkout</p><p>â</p><p>Get Vulgar History merch at <a href="https://cms.megaphone.fm/organizations/a9771580-88d8-11eb-a96d-a3236ac861b7/podcasts/001e7fb4-71b1-11ed-a8e7-7b8a5be2f6c8/episodes/c64fb09a-9c68-11ed-a0e4-bbceaf31dbb7/vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a><a href="http://vulgarhistory.com/store">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.com/storeâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (best for US shipping) and <a href="http://vulgarhistory.redbubble.com">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â vulgarhistory.redbubble.comâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a> (better for international shipping)</p><p>â</p><p>Vulgar History is an affiliate of <a href="https://Bookshop.org">â â â â â â â â â â â Bookshop.orgâ â â â â â â â â â â </a>, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will c
90ome back to Vulgar History as a commission. <a href="https://bookshop.org/shop/vulgarhistory">â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â </a></p></p><p>Learn more about your ad choices. Visit <a href="https://megaphone.fm/adchoices">megaphone.fm/adchoices</a></p></div></article></div><div class="e-load-more-anchor" data-page="1" data-max-page="35" data-next-page="https://vulgarhistory.com/page/2/"></div><nav class="elementor-pagination" aria-label="Pagination"> 91<span class="page-numbers prev">« Previous</span> 92<span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="elementor-screen-only">Page</span>1</span> 93<a class="page-numbers" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/page/2/"><span class="elementor-screen-only">Page</span>2</a> 94<a class="page-numbers" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/page/3/"><span class="elementor-screen-only">Page</span>3</a> 95<span class="page-numbers dots">…</span> 96<a class="page-numbers" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/page/20/"><span class="elementor-screen-only">Page</span>20</a> 97<a class="page-numbers next" href="https://vulgarhistory.com/page/2/">Next »</a></nav></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><footer data-elementor-type="footer" data-elementor-id="25" class="elementor elementor-25 elementor-location-footer" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"><section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4a55fb42 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4a55fb42" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9141d1" data-id="a9141d1" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-65ae7fdc elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-section-height-default" data-id="65ae7fdc" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c91f37" data-id="1c91f37" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-36a9cbab elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="36a9cbab" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>Marie Ann-toinette Image by Deborah Wong<br>Glorianna-Ann Image by Deborah Wong</p></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c6442eb" data-id="3c6442eb" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-acae34e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="acae34e" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>© All Rights Reserved 2024</p></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-25ef52e6" data-id="25ef52e6" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-555e074 ecs-nav-layout-vertical elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger ecs-toggle-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu" data-id="555e074" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-settings="{"layout":"vertical","submenu_icon":{"value":"<i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>","library":"fa-solid"},"toggle":"burger"}" data-widget_type="nav-menu.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><nav aria-label="Menu" class="elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade"><ul id="menu-1-555e074" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-280"><a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/contact/" class="elementor-item">Contact</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-269"><a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/terms-conditions/" class="elementor-item">Terms & conditions</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-272"><a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/privacy-policy-2/" class="elementor-item">Privacy Policy</a></li></ul></nav><div class="elementor-menu-toggle" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Menu Toggle" aria-expanded="false"> 98<i aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" class="elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar"></i><i aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" class="elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close"></i></div><nav class="elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container" aria-hidden="true"><ul id="menu-2-555e074" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-280"><a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/contact/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Contact</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-269"><a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/terms-conditions/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Terms & conditions</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-272"><a href="https://vulgarhistory.com/privacy-policy-2/" class="elementor-item" tabindex="-1">Privacy Policy</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></div></section></footer>
98<script type="speculationrules">{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}</script>
98
98<script src="data:text/javascript;base64,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" defer></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="wp-legal-pages-jquery-cookie-js" defer src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/8eb5a6a32adc01842eba00dbdbd28b3c.js?ver=28b3c"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="hello-theme-frontend-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/83cc5c9da2f0aea307d840af3de333ae.js?ver=333ae" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="ecs-color-switcher-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/82cf573033ed820b928512c560a257c9.js?ver=257c9" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="swiper-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/5ddbb13d373ded21cecd16aa6c1a3069.js?ver=a3069" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="elementor-webpack-runtime-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/8c90b855df448e6e9d9338e873d05218.js?ver=05218" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="elementor-frontend-modules-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/fabb60fe3abfc1636d50522bd89e6dc3.js?ver=e6dc3" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script id="jquery-ui-core-js-before" src="data:text/javascript;base64,alF1ZXJ5LnVpQmFja0NvbXBhdD0hMA==" defer></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="jquery-ui-core-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/3fd54ae5c167cd2d2b05268f286a919f.js?ver=a919f" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script id="elementor-frontend-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,dmFyIEVBRUxJbWFnZU1hc2tpbmdDb25maWc9eyJzdmdfZGlyX3VybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vdnVsZ2FyaGlzdG9yeS5jb20vd3AtY29udGVudC9wbHVnaW5zL2Vzc2VudGlhbC1hZGRvbnMtZm9yLWVsZW1lbnRvci1saXRlL2Fzc2V0cy9mcm9udC1lbmQvaW1nL2ltYWdlLW1hc2tpbmcvc3ZnLXNoYXBlcy8ifQ==" defer></script>
98
98<script id="elementor-frontend-js-before" src="data:text/javascript;base64,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" defer></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="elementor-frontend-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/9710a0a1c99481f24124d7d0aa8a8e55.js?ver=a8e55" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="ecs-slider-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/58800f4e97dcff32ca0df74fcd08bf3f.js?ver=8bf3f" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="smartmenus-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/c063997ecc153f6d7e78079a6c926958.js?ver=26958" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="e-sticky-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/999b0eb6e63eab73bdc46f8513f65325.js?ver=65325" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="imagesloaded-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/f9cfe490ecb5246de51c4c3633d73a77.js?ver=73a77" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script id="eael-general-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,dmFyIGxvY2FsaXplPXsiYWpheHVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vdnVsZ2FyaGlzdG9yeS5jb20vd3AtYWRtaW4vYWRtaW4tYWpheC5waHAiLCJub25jZSI6IjY5MzMyMzMyZDAiLCJpMThuIjp7ImFkZGVkIjoiQWRkZWQgIiwiY29tcGFyZSI6IkNvbXBhcmUiLCJsb2FkaW5nIjoiTG9hZGluZy4uLiJ9LCJlYWVsX3RyYW5zbGF0ZV90ZXh0Ijp7InJlcXVpcmVkX3RleHQiOiJpcyBhIHJlcXVpcmVkIGZpZWxkIiwiaW52YWxpZF90ZXh0IjoiSW52YWxpZCIsImJpbGxpbmdfdGV4dCI6IkJpbGxpbmciLCJzaGlwcGluZ190ZXh0IjoiU2hpcHBpbmciLCJmZ19tZnBfY291bnRlcl90ZXh0Ijoib2YifSwicGFnZV9wZXJtYWxpbmsiOiJodHRwczovL3Z1bGdhcmhpc3RvcnkuY29tLzIwMjYvMDkvMzAvYW5uZS1ib2xleW4tcGFydC1vbmUtdGhlLXdvbWVuLXdoby1yYWlzZWQtaGVyLyIsImNhcnRfcmVkaXJlY3RpdGlvbiI6IiIsImNhcnRfcGFnZV91cmwiOiIiLCJlbF9icmVha3BvaW50cyI6eyJtb2JpbGUiOnsibGFiZWwiOiJNb2JpbGUgUG9ydHJhaXQiLCJ2YWx1ZSI6NzY3LCJkZWZhdWx0X3ZhbHVlIjo3NjcsImRpcmVjdGlvbiI6Im1heCIsImlzX2VuYWJsZWQiOiEwfSwibW9iaWxlX2V4dHJhIjp7ImxhYmVsIjoiTW9iaWxlIExhbmRzY2FwZSIsInZhbHVlIjo4ODAsImRlZmF1bHRfdmFsdWUiOjg4MCwiZGlyZWN0aW9uIjoibWF4IiwiaXNfZW5hYmxlZCI6ITF9LCJ0YWJsZXQiOnsibGFiZWwiOiJUYWJsZXQgUG9ydHJhaXQiLCJ2YWx1ZSI6MTAyNCwiZGVmYXVsdF92YWx1ZSI6MTAyNCwiZGlyZWN0aW9uIjoibWF4IiwiaXNfZW5hYmxlZCI6ITB9LCJ0YWJsZXRfZXh0cmEiOnsibGFiZWwiOiJUYWJsZXQgTGFuZHNjYXBlIiwidmFsdWUiOjEyMDAsImRlZmF1bHRfdmFsdWUiOjEyMDAsImRpcmVjdGlvbiI6Im1heCIsImlzX2VuYWJsZWQiOiExfSwibGFwdG9wIjp7ImxhYmVsIjoiTGFwdG9wIiwidmFsdWUiOjEzNjYsImRlZmF1bHRfdmFsdWUiOjEzNjYsImRpcmVjdGlvbiI6Im1heCIsImlzX2VuYWJsZWQiOiExfSwid2lkZXNjcmVlbiI6eyJsYWJlbCI6IldpZGVzY3JlZW4iLCJ2YWx1ZSI6MjQwMCwiZGVmYXVsdF92YWx1ZSI6MjQwMCwiZGlyZWN0aW9uIjoibWluIiwiaXNfZW5hYmxlZCI6ITF9fX0=" defer></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="eael-general-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/32781707b2e82e8e3aeb58959dab288c.js?ver=b288c" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="wp-hooks-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/851cf372f03c4f92f324f8224fcd8e26.js?ver=d8e26" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="wp-i18n-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/2c5ae7d28d3cb6f8f2ec0b97c79b1e4b.js?ver=b1e4b" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script id="wp-i18n-js-after" src="data:text/javascript;base64,d3AuaTE4bi5zZXRMb2NhbGVEYXRhKHsndGV4dCBkaXJlY3Rpb25cdTAwMDRsdHInOlsnbHRyJ119KQ==" defer></script>
98
98<script id="elementor-pro-frontend-js-before" src="data:text/javascript;base64,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" defer></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="elementor-pro-frontend-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/7971c5604b6c9006e06ea7001da3d98a.js?ver=3d98a" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-optimized="1" id="pro-elements-handlers-js" src="https://vulgarhistory.com/wp-content/litespeed/js/f11e99a5f59f77684cc53f1c8c200989.js?ver=00989" defer data-deferred="1"></script>
98
98<script data-no-optimize="1">var litespeed_vary=document.cookie.replace(/(?:(?:^|.*;\s*)_lscache_vary\s*\=\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$/,"");litespeed_vary||(sessionStorage.getItem("litespeed_reloaded")?console.log("LiteSpeed: skipping guest vary reload (already reloaded this session)"):fetch("/wp-content/plugins/litespeed-cache/guest.vary.php",{method:"POST",cache:"no-cache",redirect:"follow"}).then(e=>e.json()).then(e=>{console.log(e),e.hasOwnProperty("reload")&&"yes"==e.reload&&(sessionStorage.setItem("litespeed_docref",document.referrer),sessionStorage.setItem("litespeed_reloaded","1"),window.location.reload(!0))}));</script>
98</body></html> 99<!-- Page optimized by LiteSpeed Cache @2026-10-02 14:31:46 --> 100 101<!-- Page supported by LiteSpeed Cache 7.9.1 on 2026-10-02 14:31:46 --> 102<!-- Guest Mode -->
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.