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47<script type="text/json" data-set="ScaffoldingData" >{"id":0,"title":"Turning Landscape","project_url":0,"set_id":0,"is_homepage":false,"pin":false,"is_set":true,"in_nav":false,"stack":false,"sort":0,"index":0,"page_count":2,"pin_position":null,"thumbnail_options":null,"pages":[{"id":14707598,"site_id":751457,"project_url":"Header","direct_link":"https:\/\/turninglandscape.com\/Header","type":"page","title":"Header","title_no_html":"Header","tags":"","display":false,"pin":true,"pin_options":{"position":"top","overlay":true,"fixed":false,"accommodate":false},"in_nav":false,"is_homepage":false,"backdrop_enabled":false,"is_set":false,"stack":false,"excerpt":"TLiC \/ Turning Landscape","content":"<br><h1>TLiC \/ Turning Landscape<\/h1><br>","content_no_html":"TLiC \/ Turning Landscape","content_partial_html":"<br><h1>TLiC \/ Turning Landscape<\/h1><br>","thumb":"","thumb_meta":{"thumbnail_crop":null},"thumb_is_visible":false,"sort":2,"index":0,"set_id":0,"page_options":{"using_local_css":true,"local_css":"[local-style=\"14707598\"] .container_width {\n\twidth: 80% \/*!content_left*\/;\n}\n\n[local-style=\"14707598\"] body {\n}\n\n[local-style=\"14707598\"] .backdrop {\n\twidth: 100% \/*!background_cover*\/;\n}\n\n[local-style=\"14707598\"] .page {\n\tmin-height: auto \/*!page_height_default*\/;\n}\n\n[local-style=\"14707598\"] .page_background {\n\tbackground-color: transparent \/*!page_container_bgcolor*\/;\n}\n\n[local-style=\"14707598\"] .content_padding {\n\tpadding-top: 0.7rem \/*!main_margin*\/;\n\tpadding-right: 0rem \/*!main_margin*\/;\n\tpadding-bottom: 0rem \/*!main_margin*\/;\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] bodycopy {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] bodycopy a {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] bodycopy a:hover {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] h1 {\n\tfont-size: 2rem;\n\tline-height: 1.7;\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] h1 a {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] h1 a:hover {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] h2 {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] h2 a {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] h2 a:hover {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] h3 {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] h3 a {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] h3 a:hover {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] small {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] small a {\n}\n\n[data-predefined-style=\"true\"] [local-style=\"14707598\"] small a:hover {\n}\n\n[local-style=\"14707598\"] .container {\n\tmargin-left: 0 \/*!content_left*\/;\n}","local_layout_options":{"split_layout":false,"split_responsive":false,"full_height":false,"advanced_padding_enabled":true,"page_container_bgcolor":"transparent","show_local_thumbs":false,"page_bgcolor":"","main_margin_top":"0.7","main_margin_right":"0","content_width":"80","content_position":"left_cover","main_margin_bottom":"0"},"pin_options":{"position":"top","overlay":true,"fixed":false,"accommodate":false}},"set_open":false,"images":[],"backdrop":null},{"id":14705323,"site_id":751457,"project_url":"Footer","direct_link":"https:\/\/turninglandscape.com\/Footer","type":"page","title":"Footer","title_no_html":"Footer","tags":"","display":false,"pin":true,"pin_options":{"position":"bottom","overlay":true},"in_nav":false,"is_homepage":false,"backdrop_enabled":false,"is_set":false,"stack":false,"excerpt":"[email protected] \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\n\thttps:\/\/onyamccausland.com\n\n\nSubscribe\n\nCookies and\u00a0Privacy\n\n\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0...","content":"<br>\n<sub><small><a href=\"mailto:[email protected]\">[email protected]<\/a><\/small> &nbsp; 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47width":400,"height":400,"sort":0,"exclude_from_backdrop":false,"date_added":"1599081422"},{"id":81645536,"project_id":14705323,"image_ref":"{image 9}","name":"Instagram_AppIcon_Aug2017.png","hash":"6ac290357e0d9bb4d82dfed82ad7b6ffd4b5c112109f467eaa09523f8090e02e","width":299,"height":299,"sort":0,"exclude_from_backdrop":false,"date_added":"1599084084"}],"backdrop":{"id":2292939,"site_id":751457,"page_id":14705323,"backdrop_id":3,"backdrop_path":"wallpaper","is_active":true,"data":{"scale_option":"cover","repeat_image":false,"margin":0,"pattern_size":100,"limit_size":false,"overlay_color":"transparent","bg_color":"transparent","cycle_images":false,"autoplay":true,"slideshow_transition":"slide","transition_timeout":2.5,"transition_duration":1,"randomize":false,"arrow_navigation":false,"focus_object":"{}","backdrop_viewport_lock":false,"use_image_focus":"false","image":"79513163","requires_webgl":"false"}}},{"id":14705307,"title":"ABOUT","project_url":"ABOUT","set_id":0,"is_homepage":false,"pin":false,"is_set":true,"in_nav":true,"stack":false,"sort":4,"index":0,"page_count":4,"pin_position":null,"thumbnail_options":null,"pages":[{"id":14346466,"site_id":751457,"project_url":"Turning-Landscape","direct_link":"https:\/\/turninglandscape.com\/Turning-Landscape","type":"page","title":"Turning Landscape","title_no_html":"Turning Landscape","tags":"","display":false,"pin":false,"pin_options":null,"in_nav":true,"is_homepage":true,"backdrop_enabled":true,"is_set":false,"stack":false,"excerpt":"Turning Landscape into Colour\n\n\nTurning Landscape into Colour is a research site and community exploring the material and social condition of landscapes impacted by...","content":"<h2>Turning Landscape into Colour<br><\/h2><br>\nTurning Landscape into Colour is a research site and community exploring the material and social condition of landscapes impacted by the effects of industrial scale coal and metal mining. Much of the research focus is on the legacy of mining in South Wales, Scotland, the South West and North East of England. <br><br>As mineral extraction is expanding in many parts of the world&nbsp; - serving the industries we call \u2018sustainable\u2019 -&nbsp; landscapes and communities are threatened by the depletion and pollution of natural resources they rely on to survive.<br><br>\nThe research in these pages shows some of the early stages of a long term ongoing investigation into the formation and life cycle of a material that signals the environmental catastrphy we are living in.<br>\n<br><br>__________________________________________________________________________________________________&nbsp;<br>\n<br>\nWhere ever mines have been dug, water will find its way back into the chambers left by extrated ground. Over time, rain water seeps back down into the exposed hollowed out subterrainian landscape of former mines.&nbsp;<br><br>This process has the combined significance of a geological, environmental and social event in\ntime. One that defines and describes the industrial scale extraction and exploitation of mineral materials and people.&nbsp; Landscapes&nbsp;deformed and damaged by inducstrial scale extraction are exposed&nbsp;to an environmental catastrophy caused by the damage that that same extraction is doing to the climate.&nbsp;<br><br>\n \nThe water that enters these tunnels and chambers travels, collecting the dislodged and exposed mineral residues, the leftovers of the mining process as it washes through the ground. Eventually water reaches back to the surface,&nbsp; pouring into rivers, bringing those displaced minerals with it. Sometimes these can be very toxic: arsicnic, mercury, lead, iron, manganses, copper. Sometimes they are just the oxidised irons, but these suck the oxygen from the water as they arrive - leaving everything else without life.&nbsp;<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3456\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/aaf9afb2d832f861b2822fc2a8d3c63477ecdb06688fbbb0c7dcc6ebc45f3a5d\/2.opencast.jpg\" data-mid=\"77505497\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n<small>Photograph of Tower open cast coal mine 2015. Coal extraction at the Tower opencast\nsite came to an end in 2017 after changes in environmental regulations.<\/small><br>\n<br>\n<br>\n\n <img width=\"1224\" height=\"1632\" width_o=\"1224\" height_o=\"1632\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/2a746f232e6b46d3e21abc71dc3a0954200a735b63f1b529c0326785643b114c\/Sxbls-abertillery-minemap-2.jpg\" data-mid=\"77507233\" border=\"0\" \/><br><small>Six Bells and Abertillery showing underground mine workings overlaid with surface\ntopography and infrastru
47cture<\/small><br><br> Historic mine map of Vivian pit Abertillery, the source of the pollution forming now at Six Bells.<br>\n<br>\n<br><img width=\"4618\" height=\"3464\" width_o=\"4618\" height_o=\"3464\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/9aa4b217958e4a4070ba8804fc692edc99723fe07da5d4ec2f2888f51d58e3a1\/Six-BellsAbertillery.JPG\" data-mid=\"77505601\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n<small>Six Bells and Abertillery with the mine water treatment scheme just visible in the\nlower middle of the picture 2020.<\/small><br>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n<br>\nOverlaying the \nmaterial effects of landscape are the cultural \ncomplexities that are woven so deeply into each landscape structure that they become \ninseparable; the geological, the social; the ecological and the \neconomic. These pages consider how the complicated \ninterdependencies between humans and the earth can be described through a single material.<br><br>\n<br>\n \n<img width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" width_o=\"1620\" height_o=\"1080\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/2995b22f882737a84e469f1a27bb91c40cb227986157512a43a93dfd97c7d20b\/1.-Frances.JPG\" data-mid=\"77503057\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n<br>\nThe\n coal mine ochre colours have a different life from \u2018traditional\u2019 or historic ochres. These new or geologically young minerals are brought into being through the treatment of polluting water in former coal mining landscapes across the UK. The \nconditions of each individual landscape influences the minerals forming there. <br><br>\nThe discovery of these qualities has happened through making artworks that follow five individual ochres from their geological landscape \ncontexts through physical transition into usable pigments \nfor paint. A process that simultaneously exposes layers of \nsociopolitical history, along with the contemporary cultural and \neconomic connections to place. \n<br>\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\nOchre is the oldest of cultural materials with roots stretching back to the beginning\nof human history. The mine water ochres can be aligned with traditional historic ochre - a\nmineral that has been found sprinkled on cave floors, caked onto the buried bones of\nancient humans;<sup>1<\/sup> mixed with binder and turned into paint on cave walls, some 30,000 years ago and forming patterns on the built walls of early human settlements at Djade al-\nMughara, Aleppo, Syria 11,000 years ago.<sup>2<\/sup><br>\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\nThe research has developed and been informed through a focused practice of\npainting and its traditions, referring to the earliest marks on cave walls, neolithic marks and the\nminimalist marks of the modernist \/ post modern traditions: Painting has been a line to\nfollow and also to drift off from. Collaboration with chemists, earth scientists and\npaint manufacturers have helped to shape and understand the analytics of the material as pigment, from particle\nsize, transparency and lightfastness, using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron\nmicroscopy (SEM) and cross polarised light microscopy, to drying, burning, grinding and\nsieving, scaling up, ratios of one medium to another to find a route to get a paint that\ncarries the weight of the conditions of its formation, that can be applied to a wall.<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" width_o=\"1024\" height_o=\"768\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/2245fd9560147be2d7b30d216737982f9a3c9f7b8885680763a2b802ce41ba39\/Cuthill-Ferrihydrite-Digital-photograph-Cross-Polarised-Light-XPL-x1000--Field-of-view-0.1-mm..jpg\" data-mid=\"77507549\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n<small>Cuthill ferrihydrite digital photograph using cross-polarised Light (XPL) x1000, field\nof view 0.1 mm.<\/small><br>\n<br><img width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" width_o=\"2560\" height_o=\"1920\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/e232a6fb13bb1be0eb2d8673b1013f6b68d3cb66777aa38d85a57c1a1a5aa837\/electron-microscopy-Six-Bells.jpg\" data-mid=\"77507723\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n<small>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Six Bells ochre<\/small><br><br>\n<h3>Coal Authority Video<\/h3><br>\nIn 2018 the Coal Authoity produced a short film oulining the processes involved in their mine remediation programme and ochre formation. The film shows the collaborative between Onya and the Coal Authority.<br>\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56%;padding-top:20px;height:0;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=C99b1G96&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<b><\/b><i>Turning Landscape <\/i>CIC Community Interest Comany was based Ty Ebbw Fach in the former mining village of Six Bells, Blaenau Gwent, South Wales between 2020 - 2023.<br>\n<br>The organisation continues now in a new form supporting workshops and talks about the formation of colour from the mines into usable pigment material, bringing together people with interest in the social, economic and environmental legacies of coal mining and extractive practices.<br>\n<br>The research was developed by Onya McCausland through Leverhulme research funding between 2018 - 2021. <br>\n<br>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n<hr>\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n<sup>1<\/sup>&nbsp;
47 The Red Lady of Paviland: OUMNH Q.1. Visit to see the remains at Oxford Museum of Natural History 2016. One of the richest 1Palaeolithic sites in Europe is in South West Wales on the Gower Peninsula between Port Eynon and Rhossili. Sollas, W.J. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol.43 (Jul. - Dec., 1913)&nbsp;<br><br>\n<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp; &nbsp;National Geographic online: &nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2007\/10\/photogalleries\/wip-week50\/photo7.html\">http:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2007\/10\/photogalleries\/wip-week50\/photo7.html<\/a>, accessed: 217th December 2014. And: Caroline Cartwright (2008) The World\u2019s Oldest Wall Painting In Syria?, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 140:1, 3-3, DOI: 10.1179\/003103208x288645 http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1179\/003103208x288645 Published online: 02 Dec 2013<br>\n<br>\nTurning Landscape into Colour Abstract, link to PhD: <a href=\"https:\/\/discovery.ucl.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/10039744\/ \">https:\/\/discovery.ucl.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/10039744\/ <\/a><br><br><br><br>\n<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\nFurther info on individual artworks <a href=\"http:\/\/www.onyamccausland.com\" target=\"_blank\">www.onyamccausland.com<\/a><br>\n<br>","content_no_html":"Turning Landscape into Colour\nTurning Landscape into Colour is a research site and community exploring the material and social condition of landscapes impacted by the effects of industrial scale coal and metal mining. Much of the research focus is on the legacy of mining in South Wales, Scotland, the South West and North East of England. As mineral extraction is expanding in many parts of the world&nbsp; - serving the industries we call \u2018sustainable\u2019 -&nbsp; landscapes and communities are threatened by the depletion and pollution of natural resources they rely on to survive.\nThe research in these pages shows some of the early stages of a long term ongoing investigation into the formation and life cycle of a material that signals the environmental catastrphy we are living in.\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________&nbsp;\n\nWhere ever mines have been dug, water will find its way back into the chambers left by extrated ground. Over time, rain water seeps back down into the exposed hollowed out subterrainian landscape of former mines.&nbsp;This process has the combined significance of a geological, environmental and social event in\ntime. One that defines and describes the industrial scale extraction and exploitation of mineral materials and people.&nbsp; Landscapes&nbsp;deformed and damaged by inducstrial scale extraction are exposed&nbsp;to an environmental catastrophy caused by the damage that that same extraction is doing to the climate.&nbsp;\n \nThe water that enters these tunnels and chambers travels, collecting the dislodged and exposed mineral residues, the leftovers of the mining process as it washes through the ground. Eventually water reaches back to the surface,&nbsp; pouring into rivers, bringing those displaced minerals with it. Sometimes these can be very toxic: arsicnic, mercury, lead, iron, manganses, copper. Sometimes they are just the oxidised irons, but these suck the oxygen from the water as they arrive - leaving everything else without life.&nbsp;\n\n{image 8}\nPhotograph of Tower open cast coal mine 2015. Coal extraction at the Tower opencast\nsite came to an end in 2017 after changes in environmental regulations.\n\n\n\n {image 11}Six Bells and Abertillery showing underground mine workings overlaid with surface\ntopography and infrastructure Historic mine map of Vivian pit Abertillery, the source of the pollution forming now at Six Bells.\n\n{image 9}\nSix Bells and Abertillery with the mine water treatment scheme just visible in the\nlower middle of the picture 2020.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\nOverlaying the \nmaterial effects of landscape are the cultural \ncomplexities that are woven so deeply into each landscape structure that they become \ninseparable; the geological, the social; the ecological and the \neconomic. These pages consider how the complicated \ninterdependencies between humans and the earth can be described through a single material.\n\n \n{image 2}\n\nThe\n coal mine ochre colours have a different life from \u2018traditional\u2019 or historic ochres. These new or geologically young minerals are brought into being through the treatment of polluting water in former coal mining landscapes across the UK. The \nconditions of each individual landscape influences the minerals forming there. \nThe discovery of these qualities has happened through making artworks that follow five individual ochres from their geological landscape \ncontexts through physical transition into usable pigments \nfor paint. A process that simultaneously exposes layers of \nsociopolitical history, along with the contemporary cultural and \neconomic connections to place. \n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\nOchre is the oldest of cultural materials with roots stretching back to the beginning\nof human history. The mine water ochres can be aligned with traditional historic ochre - a\nmineral that has been found sprinkled on cave floors, caked onto the buried bones of\nancient humans;1 mixed with binder and turned into paint on cave walls, some 30,000 years ago and forming patterns on the built walls of early human settlements at Djade al-\nMughara, Aleppo, Syria 11,000 years ago.2\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\nThe research has developed and been informed through a focused practice of\npainting and its traditions, referring to the earliest marks on cave walls, neolithic marks and the\nminimalist marks of the modernist \/ post modern traditions: Painting has been a line to\nfollow and also to drift off from. Collaboration with chemists, earth scientists and\npaint manufacturers have helped to shape and understand the analytics of the material as pigment, from particle\nsize, transparency and lightfastness, using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron\nmicroscopy (SEM) and cross polarised light microscopy, to drying, burning, grinding and\nsieving, scaling up, ratios of one medium to another to find a route to get a paint that\ncarries the weight of the conditions of its formation, that can be applied to a wall.\n\n{image 12}\nCuthill ferrihydrite digital photograph using cross-polarised Light (XPL) x1000, field\nof view 0.1 mm.\n{image 13}\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\nScanning electron microscopy (SEM) Six Bells ochre\nCoal Authority Video\nIn 2018 the Coal Authoity produced a short film oulining the processes involved in their mine remediation programme and ochre formation. The film shows the collaborative between Onya and the Coal Authority.\n\nTurning Landscape CIC Community Interest Comany was based Ty Ebbw Fach in the former mining village of Six Bells, Blaenau Gwent, South Wales between 2020 - 2023.\nThe organisation continues now in a new form supporting workshops and talks about the formation of colour from the mines into usable pigment material, bringing together people with interest in the social, economic and environmental legacies of coal mining and extractive practices.\nThe research was developed by Onya McCausland through Leverhulme research funding between 2018 - 2021. \n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n1&nbsp;
47 The Red Lady of Paviland: OUMNH Q.1. Visit to see the remains at Oxford Museum of Natural History 2016. One of the richest 1Palaeolithic sites in Europe is in South West Wales on the Gower Peninsula between Port Eynon and Rhossili. Sollas, W.J. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol.43 (Jul. - Dec., 1913)&nbsp;\n2&nbsp; &nbsp;National Geographic online: &nbsp;http:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2007\/10\/photogalleries\/wip-week50\/photo7.html, accessed: 217th December 2014. And: Caroline Cartwright (2008) The World\u2019s Oldest Wall Painting In Syria?, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 140:1, 3-3, DOI: 10.1179\/003103208x288645 http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1179\/003103208x288645 Published online: 02 Dec 2013\n\nTurning Landscape into Colour Abstract, link to PhD: https:\/\/discovery.ucl.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/10039744\/ \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFurther info on individual artworks www.onyamccausland.com\n","content_partial_html":"<h2>Turning Landscape into Colour<br><\/h2><br>\nTurning Landscape into Colour is a research site and community exploring the material and social condition of landscapes impacted by the effects of industrial scale coal and metal mining. Much of the research focus is on the legacy of mining in South Wales, Scotland, the South West and North East of England. <br><br>As mineral extraction is expanding in many parts of the world&nbsp; - serving the industries we call \u2018sustainable\u2019 -&nbsp; landscapes and communities are threatened by the depletion and pollution of natural resources they rely on to survive.<br><br>\nThe research in these pages shows some of the early stages of a long term ongoing investigation into the formation and life cycle of a material that signals the environmental catastrphy we are living in.<br>\n<br><br>__________________________________________________________________________________________________&nbsp;<br>\n<br>\nWhere ever mines have been dug, water will find its way back into the chambers left by extrated ground. Over time, rain water seeps back down into the exposed hollowed out subterrainian landscape of former mines.&nbsp;<br><br>This process has the combined significance of a geological, environmental and social event in\ntime. One that defines and describes the industrial scale extraction and exploitation of mineral materials and people.&nbsp; Landscapes&nbsp;deformed and damaged by inducstrial scale extraction are exposed&nbsp;to an environmental catastrophy caused by the damage that that same extraction is doing to the climate.&nbsp;<br><br>\n \nThe water that enters these tunnels and chambers travels, collecting the dislodged and exposed mineral residues, the leftovers of the mining process as it washes through the ground. Eventually water reaches back to the surface,&nbsp; pouring into rivers, bringing those displaced minerals with it. Sometimes these can be very toxic: arsicnic, mercury, lead, iron, manganses, copper. Sometimes they are just the oxidised irons, but these suck the oxygen from the water as they arrive - leaving everything else without life.&nbsp;<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3456\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/aaf9afb2d832f861b2822fc2a8d3c63477ecdb06688fbbb0c7dcc6ebc45f3a5d\/2.opencast.jpg\" data-mid=\"77505497\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\nPhotograph of Tower open cast coal mine 2015. Coal extraction at the Tower opencast\nsite came to an end in 2017 after changes in environmental regulations.<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n\n <img width=\"1224\" height=\"1632\" width_o=\"1224\" height_o=\"1632\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/2a746f232e6b46d3e21abc71dc3a0954200a735b63f1b529c0326785643b114c\/Sxbls-abertillery-minemap-2.jpg\" data-mid=\"77507233\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Six Bells and Abertillery showing underground mine workings overlaid with surface\ntopography and infrastructure<br><br> Historic mine map of Vivian pit Abertillery, the source of the pollution forming now at Six Bells.<br>\n<br>\n<br><img width=\"4618\" height=\"3464\" width_o=\"4618\" height_o=\"3464\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/9aa4b217958e4a4070ba8804fc692edc99723fe07da5d4ec2f2888f51d58e3a1\/Six-BellsAbertillery.JPG\" data-mid=\"77505601\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\nSix Bells and Abertillery with the mine water treatment scheme just visible in the\nlower middle of the picture 2020.<br>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n<br>\nOverlaying the \nmaterial effects of landscape are the cultural \ncomplexities that are woven so deeply into each landscape structure that they become \ninseparable; the geological, the social; the ecological and the \neconomic. These pages consider how the complicated \ninterdependencies between humans and the earth can be described through a single material.<br><br>\n<br>\n \n<img width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" width_o=\"1620\" height_o=\"1080\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/2995b22f882737a84e469f1a27bb91c40cb227986157512a43a93dfd97c7d20b\/1.-Frances.JPG\" data-mid=\"77503057\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n<br>\nThe\n coal mine ochre colours have a different life from \u2018traditional\u2019 or historic ochres. These new or geologically young minerals are brought into being through the treatment of polluting water in former coal mining landscapes across the UK. The \nconditions of each individual landscape influences the minerals forming there. <br><br>\nThe discovery of these qualities has happened through making artworks that follow five individual ochres from their geological landscape \ncontexts through physical transition into usable pigments \nfor paint. A process that simultaneously exposes layers of \nsociopolitical history, along with the contemporary cultural and \neconomic connections to place. \n<br>\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\nOchre is the oldest of cultural materials with roots stretching back to the beginning\nof human history. The mine water ochres can be aligned with traditional historic ochre - a\nmineral that has been found sprinkled on cave floors, caked onto the buried bones of\nancient humans;1 mixed with binder and turned into paint on cave walls, some 30,000 years ago and forming patterns on the built walls of early human settlements at Djade al-\nMughara, Aleppo, Syria 11,000 years ago.2<br>\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<br>\nThe research has developed and been informed through a focused practice of\npainting and its traditions, referring to the earliest marks on cave walls, neolithic marks and the\nminimalist marks of the modernist \/ post modern traditions: Painting has been a line to\nfollow and also to drift off from. Collaboration with chemists, earth scientists and\npaint manufacturers have helped to shape and understand the analytics of the material as pigment, from particle\nsize, transparency and lightfastness, using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron\nmicroscopy (SEM) and cross polarised light microscopy, to drying, burning, grinding and\nsieving, scaling up, ratios of one medium to another to find a route to get a paint that\ncarries the weight of the conditions of its formation, that can be applied to a wall.<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" width_o=\"1024\" height_o=\"768\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/2245fd9560147be2d7b30d216737982f9a3c9f7b8885680763a2b802ce41ba39\/Cuthill-Ferrihydrite-Digital-photograph-Cross-Polarised-Light-XPL-x1000--Field-of-view-0.1-mm..jpg\" data-mid=\"77507549\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\nCuthill ferrihydrite digital photograph using cross-polarised Light (XPL) x1000, field\nof view 0.1 mm.<br>\n<br><img width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" width_o=\"2560\" height_o=\"1920\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/e232a6fb13bb1be0eb2d8673b1013f6b68d3cb66777aa38d85a57c1a1a5aa837\/electron-microscopy-Six-Bells.jpg\" data-mid=\"77507723\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\nScanning electron microscopy (SEM) Six Bells ochre<br><br>\n<h3>Coal Authority Video<\/h3><br>\nIn 2018 the Coal Authoity produced a short film oulining the processes involved in their mine remediation programme and ochre formation. The film shows the collaborative between Onya and the Coal Authority.<br>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=C99b1G96&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"\"><\/iframe>\n<b><\/b><i>Turning Landscape <\/i>CIC Community Interest Comany was based Ty Ebbw Fach in the former mining village of Six Bells, Blaenau Gwent, South Wales between 2020 - 2023.<br>\n<br>The organisation continues now in a new form supporting workshops and talks about the formation of colour from the mines into usable pigment material, bringing together people with interest in the social, economic and environmental legacies of coal mining and extractive practices.<br>\n<br>The research was developed by Onya McCausland through Leverhulme research funding between 2018 - 2021. <br>\n<br>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n<hr>\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n1&nbsp;
47 The Red Lady of Paviland: OUMNH Q.1. Visit to see the remains at Oxford Museum of Natural History 2016. One of the richest 1Palaeolithic sites in Europe is in South West Wales on the Gower Peninsula between Port Eynon and Rhossili. Sollas, W.J. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol.43 (Jul. - Dec., 1913)&nbsp;<br><br>\n2&nbsp; &nbsp;National Geographic online: &nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2007\/10\/photogalleries\/wip-week50\/photo7.html\">http:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2007\/10\/photogalleries\/wip-week50\/photo7.html<\/a>, accessed: 217th December 2014. And: Caroline Cartwright (2008) The World\u2019s Oldest Wall Painting In Syria?, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 140:1, 3-3, DOI: 10.1179\/003103208x288645 http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1179\/003103208x288645 Published online: 02 Dec 2013<br>\n<br>\nTurning Landscape into Colour Abstract, link to PhD: <a href=\"https:\/\/discovery.ucl.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/10039744\/ \">https:\/\/discovery.ucl.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/10039744\/ <\/a><br><br><br><br>\n<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\nFurther info on individual artworks <a href=\"http:\/\/www.onyamccausland.com\" target=\"_blank\">www.onyamccausland.com<\/a><br>\n<br>","thumb":"77503057","thumb_meta":{"thumbnail_crop":{"percentWidth":"100","marginLeft":0,"marginTop":0,"imageModel":{"id":77503057,"project_id":14346466,"image_ref":"{image 2}","name":"1.-Frances.JPG","hash":"2995b22f882737a84e469f1a27bb91c40cb227986157512a43a93dfd97c7d20b","width":1620,"height":1080,"s
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47ight":853,"sort":0,"exclude_from_backdrop":false,"date_added":"1594891163"},{"id":79508151,"project_id":14346466,"image_ref":"{image 15}","name":"surfacedetail-crop.jpg","hash":"e7c3505e2c1b61c51088c4f0831da499573f31be400eaab22ef66fbcbd0f7874","width":981,"height":854,"sort":0,"exclude_from_backdrop":false,"date_added":"1597054047"}],"backdrop":{"id":2228360,"site_id":751457,"page_id":14346466,"backdrop_id":3,"backdrop_path":"wallpaper","is_active":true,"data":{"scale_option":"cover","repeat_image":false,"margin":0,"pattern_size":100,"limit_size":false,"overlay_color":"transparent","bg_color":"transparent","cycle_images":false,"autoplay":true,"slideshow_transition":"slide","transition_timeout":2.5,"transition_duration":1,"randomize":false,"arrow_navigation":false,"focus_object":"{}","backdrop_viewport_lock":false,"use_image_focus":"false","image":"79508151","requires_webgl":"false"}}},{"id":13583991,"site_id":751457,"project_url":"Six-Bells-Red","direct_link":"https:\/\/turninglandscape.com\/Six-Bells-Red","type":"page","title":"Six Bells Red","title_no_html":"Six Bells Red","tags":"","display":true,"pin":false,"pin_options":null,"in_nav":true,"is_homepage":false,"backdrop_enabled":true,"is_set":false,"stack":false,"excerpt":"Six Bells Red\n\n\n\nWe make water based wall emultion paint using pigment derived from the\nresidues that form from polluting mine water as it oxidises. Each batch of...","content":"<h2><b><i>Six Bells Red<\/i><\/b>\n<\/h2><br><br><img width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" width_o=\"2048\" height_o=\"1536\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/f3cf7db6f641c52e54e30b88b6c23dfca3108ebc643539c61e20d3a2ad60d5b0\/A5EA7CAE-2C2E-440D-BBF1-D8BCD7F2C1F5_1_102_o.jpeg\" data-mid=\"252299734\" border=\"0\" \/><br>We make water based wall emultion paint using pigment derived from the\nresidues that form from polluting mine water as it oxidises. Each batch of paint is made on request. Please contact Onya McCausland if you wouldlike to discuss a project.<br><br>\n<img width=\"1536\" height=\"2048\" width_o=\"1536\" height_o=\"2048\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/f06b07cb4654d663be64d8401ce2919f927c99b1799f273e231908157a44293d\/682FC6AE-79B9-4864-A141-16D6F287B60B_1_102_o.jpeg\" data-mid=\"252299733\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\nThe recipe for this paint is based on an environmentally responsible and susatinable&nbsp; natural potassium silicate base.<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" width_o=\"1024\" height_o=\"768\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/aa91c4f341e9dbdf1329cb41f895c216563a36f73d5a4ee82a9fd9d7d539284b\/5E37234C-C752-410B-BAF4-41A23A3AF35D_1_105_c.jpeg\" data-mid=\"252299877\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Aberbeeg Hospital project 2022\/3. The wooden ecological outbuilding is stained with Six Bells Red bound in sunflower oil resin. The paint protectsand weather proofs the wood.&nbsp;<br><br><img width=\"1336\" height=\"781\" width_o=\"1336\" height_o=\"781\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/ed0cb22cabdd401725d4849a46400a09536186c3ded72baa616f9c3c453cda81\/Six-Bells-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5143-33.56-N-307-58.63-W-638m-copy.jpg\" data-mid=\"92610365\" border=\"0\" \/>Aerial photograph of Six Bells, Abertillery, Blaenau Gwent, South Wales mine water treatment scheme showing the lakes of oxidising water pumped out of mines, and away from polluting the river.<br>\n<br><img width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" width_o=\"768\" height_o=\"1024\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/97224d831810ef3eb2f91adad260ba2a64753e1ccd620ac22732c57a4d2f3687\/29929D14-B5AD-466A-97AC-C5F06CA286A3_1_105_c.jpeg\" data-mid=\"252299996\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Iron oxide sludge residue from treated mine water at Six Bells<br><br><br><br><img width=\"4618\" height=\"3464\" width_o=\"4618\" height_o=\"3464\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/dd4ffcde23b7ada653bbcc2a1419c9a8149a054e8ef6cdd239409093b8924c12\/IMG_5728.JPG\" data-mid=\"92610593\" border=\"0\" \/><br>The minewater treatment site viewed from Mynydd Llanhilleth<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Archival material:<br>\n<br>\n<b>On Friday 11th December 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic Turning Landscape made and launched the worlds first ever exterior grade wall paint made from mine water ochre. &nbsp;<i>Six Bells Red <\/i>is now made in the former mining village of Six Bells.&nbsp;Alongside the wall paint Michael Harding (paints) made a series of 1000 40 ml tubes of high quality artists oil paint;&nbsp;<\/b><b><i>Six Bells Burnt Ochre. <\/i>These are for sale on this website, or if you make the journy to Six Bells we will give you a tube.<br><\/b><br>\n<span style=\"font-size: 1.3rem; background-color: initial;\">All proceeds from any sales we make are recycled back into the programme which supports local events, volunteers, production. I<\/span>f you run a public space, are a community group or project that would like to use either of these paints, you can apply to have some. Please email us.<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"1641\" height=\"2014\" width_o=\"1641\" height_o=\"2014\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/dd884242a66d148fe74ba52ff305d18377688dfef608c19e4903328cd050cd01\/Six-Bells-Tin--Sm.jpeg\" data-mid=\"92610366\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\nIL tin exterior grade wall paint <b>Six Bells Red 1st ed. 2020<\/b><br><br>\n<br>The pigment to make <i>Six Bells Red<\/i> has been specially created by burning the raw ochre at a specific temperature to create the distinctive red colour.&nbsp;This ochre forms as a residue during the treatment of polluting mine water making this a completely sustainable source of colour pigment.<br><br><br>\n\n40ml tube of Six Bells Burnt Ochre&nbsp;artists\u2019 oil paint 1st ed. 1000<img width=\"961\" height=\"1253\" width_o=\"961\" height_o=\"1253\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/5bbc0a2fb8785cdf024ce3406d7f1cdabb2a03a6cc0e0f238cefcc4856656302\/2020_10_08_SIX_BSmllF.jpeg\" data-mid=\"92610362\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br>\n<br>\n <img width=\"1048\" height=\"797\" width_o=\"1048\" height_o=\"797\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/18cedb3bc4c468e7f4688f5be387b78ea1fa2ff45bf975990c8367926b7e6fbb\/4F55F367-23D6-449A-AFD3-168D47EABF53_1_105_c.jpeg\" data-mid=\"128627976\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n\nThis cast iron marker plaque 2020 has been installed at the mine water treatment site designating the site as the permenat source of this colour.. The map will be visible from the footpath at the far north end of the perimeter fence. <br>\n<br><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<h2>Photos from the Launch Day..<br><\/h2><br><blockquote><h2><sub>Launch Event and Plaque Unveiling December 11th 2020 @ noon<\/sub>\n<\/h2><\/blockquote><br><br>\n<iframe width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YWDPfe5RpcI?start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" style=\"width: 623.648px; height: 415.765px;\" class=\"\"><\/iframe><br><br>The launch was held online with a physical presence at <i>Six Bells Mine Water Treatment Scheme<\/i> in South Wales, seeing the unveiling of a new public artwork - a map cast in iron marking, naming, claiming the site of the ochres\u2019 formation.<br>\n<br>\n<br><img width=\"1084\" height=\"725\" width_o=\"1084\" height_o=\"725\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/a9e7fd85ad2eab6b12b6161f90ecc6e5fcffd01df9abeb3b5b7ea5390b066d9b\/Alun_Davies.JPG\" data-mid=\"92625810\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Alun Davies MS unveils the plaque at Six Bells Mine Water Treatment Works<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"1052\" height=\"789\" width_o=\"1052\" height_o=\"789\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/52bc7e310a6715bca2031a915be77850df04069f9441e5b45dd907aeb4a2bb0a\/Retired-mining-survayors-looking-over-the-maps.JPG\" data-mid=\"92610364\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Dr \nOnya McCausland and former NCB surveyers and mine workers trace the route of minewater on vintage NCB plans in Jan 2020<br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3888\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3888\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/b4a0b97a48de5ffc5726133f5c3e7ee2a89cdba26a1d75cd73c7499409207199\/IMG_8708.JPG\" data-mid=\"92610908\" border=\"0\" \/><br>A close up of the cast iron map the day after it was unveiled <br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"4000\" height=\"3000\" width_o=\"4000\" height_o=\"3000\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/14f20b07b10cefc47f5243f49310bee2a4e6a6de99ed20f856ba6949abed5a03\/IMG_20201208_091218.jpg\" data-mid=\"92611162\" border=\"0\" \/><br>The builders prepare to pour the concrete for the markers\u2019s plinth<br>\n<br>\n<br><img width=\"5184\" height=\"3888\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3888\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/cca9152c7d4c67be7764d1bcbed567f735dacdccd799579c95c4a97ea359b428\/IMG_8643.JPG\" data-mid=\"92611151\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Onya in front of the newly painted wall<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3888\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3888\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/1aecb4f511d11e749907b9ede53d031f22a4e6e4ef6c59e9498c26d9bcbc905f\/IMG_8651.JPG\" data-mid=\"92611152\" border=\"0\" \/><br>The wall in Ty Ebbw Fach that was painted live as part of the launch event on the 11 December 2020<br>\n<br><br>\n<img width=\"1024\" height=\"631\" width_o=\"1024\" height_o=\"631\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/0427fef339d3be40b6b60bff03a0af9ba2004a49fc3556f47877197d69f5d2c4\/IMG_20201210_105420_1-ANIMATION.gif\" data-mid=\"92615396\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br>\n4K Video of Plaque Taken 23 December 2020<br>\n<iframe width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ORfvH-TVsb0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" style=\"width: 623.648px; height: 415.765px;\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n<br><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<h2>
47Background to Colour from the Mines&nbsp;<br><\/h2>\n<br>This project is led by artist Onya McCausland from UCL Slade School of Fine Art. Onya's practice develops an original and innovative approach to the role of the art object by making paint - including integrating its site of formation - as an artwork, in co-produced with manufacturers and members of the local ex-mining community. Paint in tubes and tins are considered as art objects and editioned for distribution and use by the public. <br>\n\n<br>Onya McCausland developed the idea of recycling the coal mine sludge into paint while travelling around the country collecting samples of ochre from mine sites across former British coalfields in South Wales, Scotland, Lancashire and Yorkshire. <br>\n\n<br>Further examples of Onya\u2019s works can be found here:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/onyamccausland.com\/ucl\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/onyamccausland.com\/ucl\/<\/a><br>\n\n<br>Six Bells is the first of five former coal mining sites around the UK that will take part in this project. The next one will be <b>Saltburn near Middlesborough,<\/b> followed by <b>Cuthill West Lothian,<\/b> <b>Deerplay Hill in Lancashire<\/b>, and finally back to South Wales <b>Tan-y-Garn beside Ammanford.<\/b><br>\n\n<br>It has been generously supported by the UK Coal Authority. <br>\n\n<br>The project has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, the Slade School of Fine Art and UCLInnovation &amp; Enterprise, with support from Michael Harding.<br><br>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"image-gallery\" data-gallery=\"%7B%22mode_id%22%3A6%2C%22gallery_instance_id%22%3A20%2C%22name%22%3A%22Slideshow%22%2C%22path%22%3A%22slideshow%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22autoplay%22%3Afalse%2C%22autoplaySpeed%22%3A%224.5%22%2C%22speed%22%3A%220.8%22%2C%22arrows%22%3Atrue%2C%22transition-type%22%3A%22slide%22%2C%22constrain_height%22%3Atrue%2C%22image_vertical_align%22%3A%22middle%22%2C%22image_horizontal_align%22%3A%22middle%22%2C%22image_alignment%22%3A%22image_middle_middle%22%2C%22mobile_data%22%3A%7B%22separate_mobile_view%22%3Afalse%7D%2C%22meta_data%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D\">\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3456\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/832aa217504aa727c98f10f4ea1b4a7c193927625bca852ab32475affa1bb80e\/4.-The-Van-on-Site.jpg\" data-mid=\"73032014\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3456\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/b75bf7ecc18c03d4076db450c855bf776d8d975d3a667935f7b631de07942edf\/5.--Processing-ochrestudio.jpg\" data-mid=\"73032015\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Processing ochre\" data-caption=\"Processing ochre\"\/>\n<img width=\"1026\" height=\"766\" width_o=\"1026\" height_o=\"766\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/4bf2f1d830adb62a07f95a59ca3c21751f04435ab904fdaf808b65446c7e5edc\/6.-W-N-.jpg\" data-mid=\"73032016\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3456\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/9fbe9f619d13946f4e0cdbd08c1c41df62f09bbf3681c57f5ff4b3f345a368fd\/7.-Muller.jpg\" data-mid=\"73032017\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"1026\" height=\"766\" width_o=\"1026\" height_o=\"766\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/d848d9c0cef007
47dca1be94dc39e828932d6941c3bc73bb75c1ece7a716a695ff\/8.-.jpg\" data-mid=\"73032018\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"3456\" height=\"5184\" width_o=\"3456\" height_o=\"5184\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/6132f8b7dc87b6f82a2e5f8dc9947b32d2a1d4409bc7886e3f4a84a97db2b9ff\/9.-Six-Bells-in-Watercolour---Oil.JPG\" data-mid=\"73032019\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<\/div>&nbsp;<br>\n<h3>A Sustainable Pigment Factory<\/h3><br>The focus of the work has turned to five sites where ochre is in formation - Six Bells and Tan-y-Garn mine water treatment schemes in South Wales together with three others in Scotland, Lancashire and North Yorkshire. These sites will become the first-ever functioning industrial sites to be associated with, and named as a sustainable source of colour: an incidental pigment factory. The sites and their colour will be recognised and acknowledged as part of the cultural, social and industrial history of the UK.<p><\/p><p>Water pumped from the flooding cavities of redundant coal mines inadvertently produces over 4000 tonnes of iron-oxide \u2018ochre\u2019 material as \u2018waste\u2019 ochre sludge every year. This largely untapped source of ochre presents an opportunity for the development of new earth pigment for use in paint that retains the identity of its material formation in the landscape. This is in contrast to currently available natural ochres from unsustainable unnamed sources across the globe. <\/p><p>\nThe lakes of colour in the ground are the Mine Water Treatment Schemes run and managed by the Coal Authority. They inadvertently perform the production of ochre waste as part of the clean-up of polluting ground water and contaminated land. The lakes signify an event occurring in the post-industrial, post-carbon landscape and are defined and highlighted here as performing a cultural act and recognised as artworks. <br>\n<br>\n<\/p><h3>Cultural Materials<\/h3><p>The ochres are distinguished by the quality and indivudality of their colour that describes the particular conditions of their landscape context which are intricately linked to the history and legacy of the coal mining industry; to the hands that worked this industry. The use of the coal mine waste materials as pigment for paint recognises for the first time their position as part of the cultural landscape of the UK.<br>\n<br>\nOver the past year we have been developing the project in consultaion with the particpants from the &nbsp;community at <a href=\"Six-Bells-Ty-Ebbw-Fach\" rel=\"history\">Ty Ebbw Fach <\/a>\/ Six Bells Regeneration to collectively explore the value and significance of the materials for the people whose experiences are shaped by the mining landscape and its legacies. Beginning in January 2020 a number of public events have taken place, starting with meeting retired coal mine surveyors and workers who talked about their knowledge and memories of the mines.<br>\n<br>\nThis has been leading up towards the launch of the first ever mineral based wall emulsion paint and oil paint made in collaboration with two world class paint manufacturers local to the area. <br>\n<br>\n<\/p><hr><p><br>\nThe ongoing programme of work is developed through close collaboration with the Coal Authority.<br>\n<br>Over the course of its evolution this work has had significant contributions from Dr. Ruth Siddall geologist and pigment analyst at UCL; Prof. David Dobson from the Department of Earth Science UCL, Jo Volley, Deputy Director (projects) Slade School of Fine Art and Spike Bucklow, Reader in Material Culture, University of Cambridge.&nbsp;<br><b><br>\n<i>TLiC<\/i> <\/b>is the research site of artist Onya McCausland.\n<br>\n  McCausland, O <i>Turning Landscape into Colour<\/i> 2017<br>\n<br>For more updates on <b><i>Colour from the Mines<\/i> 2020&nbsp;<\/b>please follow the project on social media:<br>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/onyamccausland.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/onyamccausland.com\/<\/a><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>\n<br><br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>Twitter: <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/turningland?lang=en-gb\" target=\"_blank\">@turningland<\/a><br>Instagram: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/onyawildermccausland\/\" target=\"_blank\">@onyawildermccausland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/onyamccausland\/\" target=\"_blank\">@onyamccausland<\/a><br><br><br>\n<br><\/p>","content_no_html":"Six Bells Red\n{image 30}We make water based wall emultion paint using pigment derived from the\nresidues that form from polluting mine water as it oxidises. Each batch of paint is made on request. Please contact Onya McCausland if you wouldlike to discu
47ss a project.\n{image 29}\nThe recipe for this paint is based on an environmentally responsible and susatinable&nbsp; natural potassium silicate base.\n\n{image 31}Aberbeeg Hospital project 2022\/3. The wooden ecological outbuilding is stained with Six Bells Red bound in sunflower oil resin. The paint protectsand weather proofs the wood.&nbsp;{image 15}Aerial photograph of Six Bells, Abertillery, Blaenau Gwent, South Wales mine water treatment scheme showing the lakes of oxidising water pumped out of mines, and away from polluting the river.\n{image 33}Iron oxide sludge residue from treated mine water at Six Bells{image 17}The minewater treatment site viewed from Mynydd LlanhillethArchival material:\n\nOn Friday 11th December 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic Turning Landscape made and launched the worlds first ever exterior grade wall paint made from mine water ochre. &nbsp;Six Bells Red is now made in the former mining village of Six Bells.&nbsp;Alongside the wall paint Michael Harding (paints) made a series of 1000 40 ml tubes of high quality artists oil paint;&nbsp;Six Bells Burnt Ochre. These are for sale on this website, or if you make the journy to Six Bells we will give you a tube.\nAll proceeds from any sales we make are recycled back into the programme which supports local events, volunteers, production. If you run a public space, are a community group or project that would like to use either of these paints, you can apply to have some. Please email us.\n\n\n{image 16}\nIL tin exterior grade wall paint Six Bells Red 1st ed. 2020\nThe pigment to make Six Bells Red has been specially created by burning the raw ochre at a specific temperature to create the distinctive red colour.&nbsp;This ochre forms as a residue during the treatment of polluting mine water making this a completely sustainable source of colour pigment.\n\n40ml tube of Six Bells Burnt Ochre&nbsp;artists\u2019 oil paint 1st ed. 1000{image 12}\n\n {image 28}\n\nThis cast iron marker plaque 2020 has been installed at the mine water treatment site designating the site as the permenat source of this colour.. The map will be visible from the footpath at the far north end of the perimeter fence. \n\n\nPhotos from the Launch Day..Launch Event and Plaque Unveiling December 11th 2020 @ noon\n\nThe launch was held online with a physical presence at Six Bells Mine Water Treatment Scheme in South Wales, seeing the unveiling of a new public artwork - a map cast in iron marking, naming, claiming the site of the ochres\u2019 formation.\n\n{image 27}Alun Davies MS unveils the plaque at Six Bells Mine Water Treatment Works\n\n\n{image 14}Dr \nOnya McCausland and former NCB surveyers and mine workers trace the route of minewater on vintage NCB plans in Jan 2020\n\n{image 20}A close up of the cast iron map the day after it was unveiled \n\n{image 24}The builders prepare to pour the concrete for the markers\u2019s plinth\n\n{image 22}Onya in front of the newly painted wall\n\n\n{image 23}The wall in Ty Ebbw Fach that was painted live as part of the launch event on the 11 December 2020\n\n{image 25}\n4K Video of Plaque Taken 23 December 2020\n\n\n\n\n\nBackground to Colour from the Mines&nbsp;\nThis project is led by artist Onya McCausland from UCL Slade School of Fine Art. Onya's practice develops an original and innovative approach to the role of the art object by making paint - including integrating its site of formation - as an artwork, in co-produced with manufacturers and members of the local ex-mining community. Paint in tubes and tins are considered as art objects and editioned for distribution and use by the public. \n\nOnya McCausland developed the idea of recycling the coal mine sludge into paint while travelling around the country collecting samples of ochre from mine sites across former British coalfields in South Wales, Scotland, Lancashire and Yorkshire. \n\nFurther examples of Onya\u2019s works can be found here:&nbsp; https:\/\/onyamccausland.com\/ucl\/\n\nSix Bells is the first of five former coal mining sites around the UK that will take part in this project. The next one will be Saltburn near Middlesborough, followed by Cuthill West Lothian, Deerplay Hill in Lancashire, and finally back to South Wales Tan-y-Garn beside Ammanford.\n\n
47It has been generously supported by the UK Coal Authority. \n\nThe project has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, the Slade School of Fine Art and UCLInnovation &amp; Enterprise, with support from Michael Harding.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{image 4}\n{image 5 caption=\"Processing ochre\"}\n{image 6}\n{image 7}\n{image 8}\n{image 9}\n&nbsp;\nA Sustainable Pigment FactoryThe focus of the work has turned to five sites where ochre is in formation - Six Bells and Tan-y-Garn mine water treatment schemes in South Wales together with three others in Scotland, Lancashire and North Yorkshire. These sites will become the first-ever functioning industrial sites to be associated with, and named as a sustainable source of colour: an incidental pigment factory. The sites and their colour will be recognised and acknowledged as part of the cultural, social and industrial history of the UK.Water pumped from the flooding cavities of redundant coal mines inadvertently produces over 4000 tonnes of iron-oxide \u2018ochre\u2019 material as \u2018waste\u2019 ochre sludge every year. This largely untapped source of ochre presents an opportunity for the development of new earth pigment for use in paint that retains the identity of its material formation in the landscape. This is in contrast to currently available natural ochres from unsustainable unnamed sources across the globe. \nThe lakes of colour in the ground are the Mine Water Treatment Schemes run and managed by the Coal Authority. They inadvertently perform the production of ochre waste as part of the clean-up of polluting ground water and contaminated land. The lakes signify an event occurring in the post-industrial, post-carbon landscape and are defined and highlighted here as performing a cultural act and recognised as artworks. \n\nCultural MaterialsThe ochres are distinguished by the quality and indivudality of their colour that describes the particular conditions of their landscape context which are intricately linked to the history and legacy of the coal mining industry; to the hands that worked this industry. The use of the coal mine waste materials as pigment for paint recognises for the first time their position as part of the cultural landscape of the UK.\n\nOver the past year we have been developing the project in consultaion with the particpants from the &nbsp;community at Ty Ebbw Fach \/ Six Bells Regeneration to collectively explore the value and significance of the materials for the people whose experiences are shaped by the mining landscape and its legacies. Beginning in January 2020 a number of public events have taken place, starting with meeting retired coal mine surveyors and workers who talked about their knowledge and memories of the mines.\n\nThis has been leading up towards the launch of the first ever mineral based wall emulsion paint and oil paint made in collaboration with two world class paint manufacturers local to the area. \n\n\nThe ongoing programme of work is developed through close collaboration with the Coal Authority.\nOver the course of its evolution this work has had significant contributions from Dr. Ruth Siddall geologist and pigment analyst at UCL; Prof. David Dobson from the Department of Earth Science UCL, Jo Volley, Deputy Director (projects) Slade School of Fine Art and Spike Bucklow, Reader in Material Culture, University of Cambridge.&nbsp;\nTLiC is the research site of artist Onya McCausland.\n\n  McCausland, O Turning Landscape into Colour 2017\nFor more updates on Colour from the Mines 2020&nbsp;please follow the project on social media:Website: https:\/\/onyamccausland.com\/\n\n\n\nTwitter: @turninglandInstagram: @onyawildermccausland, @onyamccausland\n","content_partial_html":"<h2><b><i>Six Bells Red<\/i><\/b>\n<\/h2><br><br><img width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" width_o=\"2048\" height_o=\"1536\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/f3cf7db6f641c52e54e30b88b6c23dfca3108ebc643539c61e20d3a2ad60d5b0\/A5EA7CAE-2C2E-440D-BBF1-D8BCD7F2C1F5_1_102_o.jpeg\" data-mid=\"252299734\" border=\"0\" \/><br>We make water based wall emultion paint using pigment derived from the\nresidues that form from polluting mine water as it oxidises. Each batch of paint is made on request. Please contact Onya McCausland if you wouldlike to discu
47ss a project.<br><br>\n<img width=\"1536\" height=\"2048\" width_o=\"1536\" height_o=\"2048\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/f06b07cb4654d663be64d8401ce2919f927c99b1799f273e231908157a44293d\/682FC6AE-79B9-4864-A141-16D6F287B60B_1_102_o.jpeg\" data-mid=\"252299733\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\nThe recipe for this paint is based on an environmentally responsible and susatinable&nbsp; natural potassium silicate base.<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" width_o=\"1024\" height_o=\"768\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/aa91c4f341e9dbdf1329cb41f895c216563a36f73d5a4ee82a9fd9d7d539284b\/5E37234C-C752-410B-BAF4-41A23A3AF35D_1_105_c.jpeg\" data-mid=\"252299877\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Aberbeeg Hospital project 2022\/3. The wooden ecological outbuilding is stained with Six Bells Red bound in sunflower oil resin. The paint protectsand weather proofs the wood.&nbsp;<br><br><img width=\"1336\" height=\"781\" width_o=\"1336\" height_o=\"781\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/ed0cb22cabdd401725d4849a46400a09536186c3ded72baa616f9c3c453cda81\/Six-Bells-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5143-33.56-N-307-58.63-W-638m-copy.jpg\" data-mid=\"92610365\" border=\"0\" \/>Aerial photograph of Six Bells, Abertillery, Blaenau Gwent, South Wales mine water treatment scheme showing the lakes of oxidising water pumped out of mines, and away from polluting the river.<br>\n<br><img width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" width_o=\"768\" height_o=\"1024\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/97224d831810ef3eb2f91adad260ba2a64753e1ccd620ac22732c57a4d2f3687\/29929D14-B5AD-466A-97AC-C5F06CA286A3_1_105_c.jpeg\" data-mid=\"252299996\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Iron oxide sludge residue from treated mine water at Six Bells<br><br><br><br><img width=\"4618\" height=\"3464\" width_o=\"4618\" height_o=\"3464\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/dd4ffcde23b7ada653bbcc2a1419c9a8149a054e8ef6cdd239409093b8924c12\/IMG_5728.JPG\" data-mid=\"92610593\" border=\"0\" \/><br>The minewater treatment site viewed from Mynydd Llanhilleth<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Archival material:<br>\n<br>\n<b>On Friday 11th December 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic Turning Landscape made and launched the worlds first ever exterior grade wall paint made from mine water ochre. &nbsp;<i>Six Bells Red <\/i>is now made in the former mining village of Six Bells.&nbsp;Alongside the wall paint Michael Harding (paints) made a series of 1000 40 ml tubes of high quality artists oil paint;&nbsp;<\/b><b><i>Six Bells Burnt Ochre. <\/i>These are for sale on this website, or if you make the journy to Six Bells we will give you a tube.<br><\/b><br>\n<span style=\"font-size: 1.3rem; background-color: initial;\">All proceeds from any sales we make are recycled back into the programme which supports local events, volunteers, production. I<\/span>f you run a public space, are a community group or project that would like to use either of these paints, you can apply to have some. Please email us.<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"1641\" height=\"2014\" width_o=\"1641\" height_o=\"2014\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/dd884242a66d148fe74ba52ff305d18377688dfef608c19e4903328cd050cd01\/Six-Bells-Tin--Sm.jpeg\" data-mid=\"92610366\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\nIL tin exterior grade wall paint <b>Six Bells Red 1st ed. 2020<\/b><br><br>\n<br>The pigment to make <i>Six Bells Red<\/i> has been specially created by burning the raw ochre at a specific temperature to create the distinctive red colour.&nbsp;This ochre forms as a residue during the treatment of polluting mine water making this a completely sustainable source of colour pigment.<br><br><br>\n\n40ml tube of Six Bells Burnt Ochre&nbsp;artists\u2019 oil paint 1st ed. 1000<img width=\"961\" height=\"1253\" width_o=\"961\" height_o=\"1253\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/5bbc0a2fb8785cdf024ce3406d7f1cdabb2a03a6cc0e0f238cefcc4856656302\/2020_10_08_SIX_BSmllF.jpeg\" data-mid=\"92610362\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br>\n<br>\n <img width=\"1048\" height=\"797\" width_o=\"1048\" height_o=\"797\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/18cedb3bc4c468e7f4688f5be387b78ea1fa2ff45bf975990c8367926b7e6fbb\/4F55F367-23D6-449A-AFD3-168D47EABF53_1_105_c.jpeg\" data-mid=\"128627976\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n\nThis cast iron marker plaque 2020 has been installed at the mine water treatment site designating the site as the permenat source of this colour.. The map will be visible from the footpath at the far north end of the perimeter fence. <br>\n<br><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<h2>Photos from the Launch Day..<br><\/h2><br><blockquote><h2>Launch Event and Plaque Unveiling December 11th 2020 @ noon\n<\/h2><\/blockquote><br><br>\n<iframe width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YWDPfe5RpcI?start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" style=\"width: 623.648px; height: 415.765px;\" class=\"\"><\/iframe><br><br>The launch was held online with a physical presence at <i>Six Bells Mine Water Treatment Scheme<\/i> in South Wales, seeing the unveiling of a new public artwork - a map cast in iron marking, naming, claiming the site of the ochres\u2019 formation.<br>\n<br>\n<br><img width=\"1084\" height=\"725\" width_o=\"1084\" height_o=\"725\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/a9e7fd85ad2eab6b12b6161f90ecc6e5fcffd01df9abeb3b5b7ea5390b066d9b\/Alun_Davies.JPG\" data-mid=\"92625810\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Alun Davies MS unveils the plaque at Six Bells Mine Water Treatment Works<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"1052\" height=\"789\" width_o=\"1052\" height_o=\"789\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/52bc7e310a6715bca2031a915be77850df04069f9441e5b45dd907aeb4a2bb0a\/Retired-mining-survayors-looking-over-the-maps.JPG\" data-mid=\"92610364\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Dr \nOnya McCausland and former NCB surveyers and mine workers trace the route of minewater on vintage NCB plans in Jan 2020<br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3888\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3888\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/b4a0b97a48de5ffc5726133f5c3e7ee2a89cdba26a1d75cd73c7499409207199\/IMG_8708.JPG\" data-mid=\"92610908\" border=\"0\" \/><br>A close up of the cast iron map the day after it was unveiled <br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"4000\" height=\"3000\" width_o=\"4000\" height_o=\"3000\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/14f20b07b10cefc47f5243f49310bee2a4e6a6de99ed20f856ba6949abed5a03\/IMG_20201208_091218.jpg\" data-mid=\"92611162\" border=\"0\" \/><br>The builders prepare to pour the concrete for the markers\u2019s plinth<br>\n<br>\n<br><img width=\"5184\" height=\"3888\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3888\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/cca9152c7d4c67be7764d1bcbed567f735dacdccd799579c95c4a97ea359b428\/IMG_8643.JPG\" data-mid=\"92611151\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Onya in front of the newly painted wall<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3888\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3888\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/1aecb4f511d11e749907b9ede53d031f22a4e6e4ef6c59e9498c26d9bcbc905f\/IMG_8651.JPG\" data-mid=\"92611152\" border=\"0\" \/><br>The wall in Ty Ebbw Fach that was painted live as part of the launch event on the 11 December 2020<br>\n<br><br>\n<img width=\"1024\" height=\"631\" width_o=\"1024\" height_o=\"631\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/0427fef339d3be40b6b60bff03a0af9ba2004a49fc3556f47877197d69f5d2c4\/IMG_20201210_105420_1-ANIMATION.gif\" data-mid=\"92615396\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br>\n4K Video of Plaque Taken 23 December 2020<br>\n<iframe width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ORfvH-TVsb0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" style=\"width: 623.648px; height: 415.765px;\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n<br><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<h2>
47Background to Colour from the Mines&nbsp;<br><\/h2>\n<br>This project is led by artist Onya McCausland from UCL Slade School of Fine Art. Onya's practice develops an original and innovative approach to the role of the art object by making paint - including integrating its site of formation - as an artwork, in co-produced with manufacturers and members of the local ex-mining community. Paint in tubes and tins are considered as art objects and editioned for distribution and use by the public. <br>\n\n<br>Onya McCausland developed the idea of recycling the coal mine sludge into paint while travelling around the country collecting samples of ochre from mine sites across former British coalfields in South Wales, Scotland, Lancashire and Yorkshire. <br>\n\n<br>Further examples of Onya\u2019s works can be found here:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/onyamccausland.com\/ucl\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/onyamccausland.com\/ucl\/<\/a><br>\n\n<br>Six Bells is the first of five former coal mining sites around the UK that will take part in this project. The next one will be <b>Saltburn near Middlesborough,<\/b> followed by <b>Cuthill West Lothian,<\/b> <b>Deerplay Hill in Lancashire<\/b>, and finally back to South Wales <b>Tan-y-Garn beside Ammanford.<\/b><br>\n\n<br>It has been generously supported by the UK Coal Authority. <br>\n\n<br>The project has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, the Slade School of Fine Art and UCLInnovation &amp; Enterprise, with support from Michael Harding.<br><br>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3456\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/832aa217504aa727c98f10f4ea1b4a7c193927625bca852ab32475affa1bb80e\/4.-The-Van-on-Site.jpg\" data-mid=\"73032014\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3456\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/b75bf7ecc18c03d4076db450c855bf776d8d975d3a667935f7b631de07942edf\/5.--Processing-ochrestudio.jpg\" data-mid=\"73032015\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Processing ochre\" data-caption=\"Processing ochre\"\/>\n<img width=\"1026\" height=\"766\" width_o=\"1026\" height_o=\"766\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/4bf2f1d830adb62a07f95a59ca3c21751f04435ab904fdaf808b65446c7e5edc\/6.-W-N-.jpg\" data-mid=\"73032016\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" width_o=\"5184\" height_o=\"3456\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/9fbe9f619d13946f4e0cdbd08c1c41df62f09bbf3681c57f5ff4b3f345a368fd\/7.-Muller.jpg\" data-mid=\"73032017\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"1026\" height=\"766\" width_o=\"1026\" height_o=\"766\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/d848d9c0cef007
47dca1be94dc39e828932d6941c3bc73bb75c1ece7a716a695ff\/8.-.jpg\" data-mid=\"73032018\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"3456\" height=\"5184\" width_o=\"3456\" height_o=\"5184\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/6132f8b7dc87b6f82a2e5f8dc9947b32d2a1d4409bc7886e3f4a84a97db2b9ff\/9.-Six-Bells-in-Watercolour---Oil.JPG\" data-mid=\"73032019\" border=\"0\" \/>\n&nbsp;<br>\n<h3>A Sustainable Pigment Factory<\/h3><br>The focus of the work has turned to five sites where ochre is in formation - Six Bells and Tan-y-Garn mine water treatment schemes in South Wales together with three others in Scotland, Lancashire and North Yorkshire. These sites will become the first-ever functioning industrial sites to be associated with, and named as a sustainable source of colour: an incidental pigment factory. The sites and their colour will be recognised and acknowledged as part of the cultural, social and industrial history of the UK.<p><\/p><p>Water pumped from the flooding cavities of redundant coal mines inadvertently produces over 4000 tonnes of iron-oxide \u2018ochre\u2019 material as \u2018waste\u2019 ochre sludge every year. This largely untapped source of ochre presents an opportunity for the development of new earth pigment for use in paint that retains the identity of its material formation in the landscape. This is in contrast to currently available natural ochres from unsustainable unnamed sources across the globe. <\/p><p>\nThe lakes of colour in the ground are the Mine Water Treatment Schemes run and managed by the Coal Authority. They inadvertently perform the production of ochre waste as part of the clean-up of polluting ground water and contaminated land. The lakes signify an event occurring in the post-industrial, post-carbon landscape and are defined and highlighted here as performing a cultural act and recognised as artworks. <br>\n<br>\n<\/p><h3>Cultural Materials<\/h3><p>The ochres are distinguished by the quality and indivudality of their colour that describes the particular conditions of their landscape context which are intricately linked to the history and legacy of the coal mining industry; to the hands that worked this industry. The use of the coal mine waste materials as pigment for paint recognises for the first time their position as part of the cultural landscape of the UK.<br>\n<br>\nOver the past year we have been developing the project in consultaion with the particpants from the &nbsp;community at <a href=\"Six-Bells-Ty-Ebbw-Fach\" rel=\"history\">Ty Ebbw Fach <\/a>\/ Six Bells Regeneration to collectively explore the value and significance of the materials for the people whose experiences are shaped by the mining landscape and its legacies. Beginning in January 2020 a number of public events have taken place, starting with meeting retired coal mine surveyors and workers who talked about their knowledge and memories of the mines.<br>\n<br>\nThis has been leading up towards the launch of the first ever mineral based wall emulsion paint and oil paint made in collaboration with two world class paint manufacturers local to the area. <br>\n<br>\n<\/p><hr><p><br>\nThe ongoing programme of work is developed through close collaboration with the Coal Authority.<br>\n<br>Over the course of its evolution this work has had significant contributions from Dr. Ruth Siddall geologist and pigment analyst at UCL; Prof. David Dobson from the Department of Earth Science UCL, Jo Volley, Deputy Director (projects) Slade School of Fine Art and Spike Bucklow, Reader in Material Culture, University of Cambridge.&nbsp;<br><b><br>\n<i>TLiC<\/i> <\/b>is the research site of artist Onya McCausland.\n<br>\n  McCausland, O <i>Turning Landscape into Colour<\/i> 2017<br>\n<br>For more updates on <b><i>Colour from the Mines<\/i> 2020&nbsp;<\/b>please follow the project on social media:<br>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/onyamccausland.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/onyamccausland.com\/<\/a><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>\n<br><br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>Twitter: <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/turningland?lang=en-gb\" target=\"_blank\">@turningland<\/a><br>Instagram: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/onyawildermccausland\/\" target=\"_blank\">@onyawildermccausland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/onyamccausland\/\" target=\"_blank\">@onyamccausland<\/a><br><br><br>\n<br><\/p>","thumb":"73031754","thumb_meta":{"thumbnail_crop":{"percentWidth":"100","marginLeft":0,"marginTop":0,"imageModel":{"id":73031754,"project_id":13583991,"image_ref":"{image 1}","name":"Surface-detail-.jpg","hash":"94b3e63c01b2bbca0fe66280f0189f0466e8a52eea0a9094ee39e183506947fc","width":1280,"he
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47cture and daily working of the mines as they recalled it. <br>\n\n<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"1052\" height=\"789\" width_o=\"1052\" height_o=\"789\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/6d07e502fc365f9be590682e2141f6bbe38c082f46d0161de2ce33316f5c73ca\/8Miners-maps-Feb-2019.JPG\" data-mid=\"74785970\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Retired mine surveyors Robert, Kerry, Bernard and Ray Feburary 2020<br><br>\n<img width=\"592\" height=\"789\" width_o=\"592\" height_o=\"789\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/6978a311944744efecfbab68de49bcc3ba7f2ced099a58dc5677caac1d477797\/9.-Talking-to-retired-mining-survers-at-Six-BellsTy-Ebbwfach-Feburary-2019.JPG\" data-mid=\"74785972\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n<br>The collaboration between Onya McCausland, the local community through <i>Ty Ebbw Fach<\/i> at Six Bells and the Coal Authority draws attention to mining heretage that proposes these colours as a new alternative legacy.\n<br>\n<br>\nImages of Six Bells Mine Water Treatment works:<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<div class=\"image-gallery\" data-gallery=\"%7B%22mode_id%22%3A6%2C%22gallery_instance_id%22%3A5%2C%22name%22%3A%22Slideshow%22%2C%22path%22%3A%22slideshow%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22autoplay%22%3Afalse%2C%22autoplaySpeed%22%3A2.5%2C%22speed%22%3A0.5%2C%22arrows%22%3Atrue%2C%22transition-type%22%3A%22slide%22%2C%22mobile_data%22%3A%7B%22separate_mobile_view%22%3Afalse%7D%2C%22meta_data%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22constrain_height%22%3Atrue%2C%22image_vertical_align%22%3A%22middle%22%2C%22image_horizontal_align%22%3A%22middle%22%2C%22image_alignment%22%3A%22image_middle_middle%22%7D%7D\">\n<img width=\"724\" height=\"1086\" width_o=\"724\" height_o=\"1086\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/3946c74ec3ac70d9ddb0e179887e11b61e7fd32dfa338100d4903bab0f66d22b\/1..jpg\" data-mid=\"74785969\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"926\" height=\"694\" width_o=\"926\" height_o=\"694\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/8e32ab1b25472cff738597b30d40da8b896debd3e5d02d41deb13622346c244d\/2.JPG\" data-mid=\"74785974\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Six Bells\" data-caption=\"Six Bells\"\/>\n<img width=\"926\" height=\"694\" width_o=\"926\" height_o=\"694\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/8446ef3ef029b33baca49ed911961587d102bd7a85436f2fa6db61dabdec6494\/3.-The-view.JPG\" data-mid=\"74785968\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"1086\" height=\"724\" width_o=\"1086\" height_o=\"724\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/d566be629e5562e3788c9623e4ad00e1bba79414f6373de8eb0787e29e9780c4\/4.jpg\" data-mid=\"74785975\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"1052\" height=\"789\" width_o=\"1052\" height_o=\"789\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/1b15bebaa72d60d10404c295899dcebf8a6a9d1b60097b37a53417853f199f77\/6.JPG\" data-mid=\"74785973\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"592\" height=\"789\" width_o=\"592\" height_o=\"789\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/6978a311944744efecfbab68de49bcc3ba7f2ced099a58dc5677caac1d477797\/9.-Talking-to-retired-mining-survers-at-Six-BellsTy-Ebbwfach-Feburary-2019.JPG\" data-mid=\"74785972\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<\/div><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>\n<br><br><br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>","content_no_html":"Ty Ebbw Fach\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTy Ebbw Fach was a former pub turned community centre in the village of Six Bells where this work first began. The people that lived nearby were involed in the early stages of developing projects and defining the aims and ambitions for the work.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n{image 10}\nMining SurveyorsLocal miners and mine surveyors attended and talked about their experiences of the mines directly under us at Six Bells. They brought maps of the mine working and we discussed the infrastructure and daily working of the mines as they recalled it. \n\n\n\n{image 4}Retired mine surveyors Robert, Kerry, Bernard and Ray Feburary 2020\n{image 3}\nThe collaboration between Onya McCausland, the local community through Ty Ebbw Fach at Six Bells and the Coal Authority draws attention to mining heretage that proposes these colours as a new alternative legacy.\n\n\nImages of Six Bells Mine Water Treatment works:\n\n\n\n{image 8}\n{image 7 caption=\"Six Bells\"}\n{image 6}\n{image 5}\n{image 9}\n{image 3}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","content_partial_html":"<h2>Ty Ebbw Fach<\/h2><br>\n\n<br>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p><p><\/p>\n\n\n<p><i>Ty Ebbw Fach <\/i>was a former pub turned community centre in the village of Six Bells where this work first began. The people that lived nearby were involed in the early stages of developing projects and defining the aims and ambitions for the work.<\/p><br>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<img width=\"1017\" height=\"763\" width_o=\"1017\" height_o=\"763\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/906197cfd4a6dad4911e734c42efca59a193862baba4739616325f93f14fdbfe\/5.jpg\" data-mid=\"74785971\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n<br><h3>Mining Surveyors<\/h3><br>Local miners and mine surveyors attended and talked about their experiences of the mines directly under us at Six Bells. They brought maps of the mine working and we discussed the infrastru
47cture and daily working of the mines as they recalled it. <br>\n\n<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"1052\" height=\"789\" width_o=\"1052\" height_o=\"789\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/6d07e502fc365f9be590682e2141f6bbe38c082f46d0161de2ce33316f5c73ca\/8Miners-maps-Feb-2019.JPG\" data-mid=\"74785970\" border=\"0\" \/><br>Retired mine surveyors Robert, Kerry, Bernard and Ray Feburary 2020<br><br>\n<img width=\"592\" height=\"789\" width_o=\"592\" height_o=\"789\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/6978a311944744efecfbab68de49bcc3ba7f2ced099a58dc5677caac1d477797\/9.-Talking-to-retired-mining-survers-at-Six-BellsTy-Ebbwfach-Feburary-2019.JPG\" data-mid=\"74785972\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n<br>The collaboration between Onya McCausland, the local community through <i>Ty Ebbw Fach<\/i> at Six Bells and the Coal Authority draws attention to mining heretage that proposes these colours as a new alternative legacy.\n<br>\n<br>\nImages of Six Bells Mine Water Treatment works:<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n\n<img width=\"724\" height=\"1086\" width_o=\"724\" height_o=\"1086\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/3946c74ec3ac70d9ddb0e179887e11b61e7fd32dfa338100d4903bab0f66d22b\/1..jpg\" data-mid=\"74785969\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"926\" height=\"694\" width_o=\"926\" height_o=\"694\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/8e32ab1b25472cff738597b30d40da8b896debd3e5d02d41deb13622346c244d\/2.JPG\" data-mid=\"74785974\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Six Bells\" data-caption=\"Six Bells\"\/>\n<img width=\"926\" height=\"694\" width_o=\"926\" height_o=\"694\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/8446ef3ef029b33baca49ed911961587d102bd7a85436f2fa6db61dabdec6494\/3.-The-view.JPG\" data-mid=\"74785968\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<img width=\"1086\" height=\"724\" width_o=\"1086\" height_o=\"724\" 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Each...","content":"<h2>&nbsp;Watercolour made from mine residues<\/h2><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"926\" height=\"694\" width_o=\"926\" height_o=\"694\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/d88cddbd74c4db95668218a243b937dfd760fd52f8737ebe178f04c836b55bff\/brushes-watercolour.jpg\" data-mid=\"72820032\" border=\"0\" \/><br>In 2020 artist and printmaker Nichola Goff made 4 watercolour sets, each with 4 different pigments from the mines. Each set is made up of individual watercolour pans using pigment from Six Bells (raw and burnt ochre) Tan-y-Garn (Ammanford) ochre and Bideford black (Devon).&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>\n<br>\nThe watercolours were first used\n during Covid-19 pandemic. Each set was sent out to people living in the Six Bells area so they could try out using the colours first hand. Nichola made the following video demonstrations of the process of mixing the paints and how they look and feel different to use. The final video gives some guidance for those using the watercolours. Along with the watercolour sets we posted paper, brushes and note books asking that people record their experience of using the pigments. <br>\nThe enthusiastic and moving response to this call out can be seen here: <br>\nFacebook : Colour From The Mines :&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/ColourFromTheMines \" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/ColourFromTheMines <\/a><br>\n<br>\n<h3>\nSix Bells Raw Ochre<\/h3><br>\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56%;padding-top:20px;height:0;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=DH39gFd9&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><br>\n<br><h3>Six Bells Burnt Ochre<\/h3>\n<br><div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 56%; padding-top: 20px; height: 0px;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;
47videoId=67iFEiB3&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<\/div><br>\n<br><h3>Tan-y-Garn Raw Ochre Process<br><\/h3><br>\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56%;padding-top:20px;height:0;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=7eGDdH3b&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<br><br>\n\n<h3>Bideford (Coal) Black <\/h3>\n<br><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56%;padding-top:20px;height:0;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=8cg21IIA&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<br><br>\n<br><br>\n<h3>Demo:&nbsp;Watercolours sets demonstration<\/h3><br><div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 56%; padding-top: 20px; height: 0px;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=02FF08ac&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<\/div>\n<br><br><br><br><h2>Watercolour sketchbook<br><\/h2>\n<br>\n\n<img width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" width_o=\"3264\" height_o=\"2448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/12e92bcf27c75fb1eb80001be8e0090d1e92fd16b5a5d224195d529c999ecc2e\/Six-Bells-.jpg\" data-mid=\"73030138\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" width_o=\"3264\" height_o=\"2448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/33201bc89ebea87c93b8b79344935b0924a611fefdec4f4054e0b99f4523d882\/IMG_5879.JPG\" data-mid=\"73030131\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" width_o=\"3264\" height_o=\"2448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/a9a41abb4acb8a3fc7644efeffe0f47ccf31f18621bcbce1fde804689ff48b36\/IMG_5881.JPG\" data-mid=\"73030133\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" width_o=\"3264\" height_o=\"2448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/f59a9e7441e41507b3dfad63d321a84e2a2cd91697974d9d49f7f9c59b17c9b6\/IMG_5884-copy.jpg\" data-mid=\"73030134\" border=\"0\" \/><img width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" width_o=\"3264\" height_o=\"2448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/f21dde8eb9d822d846a313e3e5ce1a2c472d12ed9f1c5e843e25704e1b7469e7\/IMG_5878.JPG\" data-mid=\"73030130\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" width_o=\"3264\" height_o=\"2448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/9573885c85f12bee6118a80242abbc13b6c50346f10d73a6b4efa3d7e684b8bd\/IMG_5886-copy.jpg\" data-mid=\"73030136\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" width_o=\"3264\" height_o=\"2448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/cb1ebc0c6bc6e25d265535190ffb014edd086c8523c9c4393961aaf0de617f3c\/IMG_5885-copy.jpg\" data-mid=\"73030135\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" width_o=\"3264\" height_o=\"2448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/19fedfeba25b4639c1b5f549debcbda718df46a6e0e89dcfbce7211a94309ff0\/IMG_5880.JPG\" data-mid=\"73030132\" border=\"0\" \/><br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br>","content_no_html":"&nbsp;Watercolour made from mine residues\n\n{image 2}In 2020 artist and printmaker Nichola Goff made 4 watercolour sets, each with 4 different pigments from the mines. Each set is made up of individual watercolour pans using pigment from Six Bells (raw and burnt ochre) Tan-y-Garn (Ammanford) ochre and Bideford black (Devon).&nbsp; &nbsp;\n\nThe watercolours were first used\n during Covid-19 pandemic. Each set was sent out to people living in the Six Bells area so they could try out using the colours first hand. Nichola made the following video demonstrations of the process of mixing the paints and how they look and feel different to use. The final video gives some guidance for those using the watercolours. Along with the watercolour sets we posted paper, brushes and note books asking that people record their experience of using the pigments. \nThe enthusiastic and moving response to this call out can be seen here: \nFacebook : Colour From The Mines :&nbsp;https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/ColourFromTheMines \n\n\nSix Bells Raw Ochre\n\nSix Bells Burnt Ochre\n\n\n\nTan-y-Garn Raw Ochre Process\n\n\n\nBideford (Coal) Black \n\n\n\nDemo:&nbsp;Watercolours sets demonstration\n\n\nWatercolour sketchbook\n\n\n{image 11}\n\n{image 4}\n\n{image 6}\n\n{image 7}{image 3}\n\n{image 9}\n\n{image 8}\n\n{image 5}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","content_partial_html":"<h2>&nbsp;Watercolour made from mine residues<\/h2><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"926\" height=\"694\" width_o=\"926\" height_o=\"694\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/d88cddbd74c4db95668218a243b937dfd760fd52f8737ebe178f04c836b55bff\/brushes-watercolour.jpg\" data-mid=\"72820032\" border=\"0\" \/><br>In 2020 artist and printmaker Nichola Goff made 4 watercolour sets, each with 4 different pigments from the mines. Each set is made up of individual watercolour pans using pigment from Six Bells (raw and burnt ochre) Tan-y-Garn (Ammanford) ochre and Bideford black (Devon).&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>\n<br>\nThe watercolours were first used\n during Covid-19 pandemic. Each set was sent out to people living in the Six Bells area so they could try out using the colours first hand. Nichola made the following video demonstrations of the process of mixing the paints and how they look and feel different to use. The final video gives some guidance for those using the watercolours. Along with the watercolour sets we posted paper, brushes and note books asking that people record their experience of using the pigments. <br>\nThe enthusiastic and moving response to this call out can be seen here: <br>\nFacebook : Colour From The Mines :&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/ColourFromTheMines \" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/ColourFromTheMines <\/a><br>\n<br>\n<h3>\nSix Bells Raw Ochre<\/h3><br>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=DH39gFd9&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br>\n<br><h3>Six Bells Burnt Ochre<\/h3>\n<br><iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;
47videoId=67iFEiB3&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<br><h3>Tan-y-Garn Raw Ochre Process<br><\/h3><br>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=7eGDdH3b&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n<br><br>\n\n<h3>Bideford (Coal) Black <\/h3>\n<br><iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=8cg21IIA&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>\n<br><br>\n<br><br>\n<h3>Demo:&nbsp;Watercolours sets demonstration<\/h3><br><iframe src=\"https:\/\/mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk\/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=02FF08ac&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>\n<br>\n\n<br><br><br><br><h2>Watercolour sketchbook<br><\/h2>\n<br>\n\n<img width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" width_o=\"3264\" height_o=\"2448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/12e92bcf27c75fb1eb80001be8e0090d1e92fd16b5a5d224195d529c999ecc2e\/Six-Bells-.jpg\" data-mid=\"73030138\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" width_o=\"3264\" height_o=\"2448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/33201bc89ebea87c93b8b79344935b0924a611fefdec4f4054e0b99f4523d882\/IMG_5879.JPG\" data-mid=\"73030131\" border=\"0\" \/><br><br><br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" width_o=\"3264\" height_o=\"2448\" 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47spite the...","content":"<h2>Aerial Landscapes<\/h2><br>\nVisibility<br>\nOne of the striking things about the Mine Water Treatment Sites is their visibility, but not usually from the ground, as despite the intensity of the colours the sites themselves are usually hidden behind fences, off tracks, along relatively inaccessible stretches of land - but from above through Google Earth they are clearly discernible, sometimes from many kilometres \u2018up\u2019. I have found the sites on Google Maps on my iphone, if the site can\u2019t be found by its nearest post code, then I pull over to zoom out and up to see where I am, and where the site is. &nbsp;<br>\n\n<br><br>\n<img width=\"2791\" height=\"1590\" width_o=\"2791\" height_o=\"1590\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/a5674242923d220bb5be7715c4bee1dc8ef918bfd92fae3f10f64f0e396c70cf\/Cuthill-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5550-59.82-N-336-34.65-W-513m_1.jpg\" data-mid=\"78324342\" border=\"0\" \/><small>Cuthill 55\u00b050 59.82 N 3\u00b036 34.65 W 513m<\/small><br>\n<br><br><img width=\"4519\" height=\"2647\" width_o=\"4519\" height_o=\"2647\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/c5da50503269fe5f7b7f4fec66e2d6780fcd9aaf94a189b154dd4a231344692f\/Saltburn-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5434-07.37-N-057-42.87-W-1130m_360.jpg\" data-mid=\"78324344\" border=\"0\" \/>\n<small>Saltburn 54\u00b034 07.37 N 0\u00b057 42.87 W 1130m<\/small>\n<br><br><br><img width=\"3814\" height=\"2228\" width_o=\"3814\" height_o=\"2228\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/54489ad3012d7e0a2bbdaa55cfee88482e5fd8725c0e7dc99d2bbb86618a187b\/Deerplay-Hill-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5344-07.95--N-212-10.84-W.-1460m.jpg\" data-mid=\"78324343\" border=\"0\" \/><small><small>Deerplay Hill 53\u00b044 07.95&nbsp; N 2\u00b012 10.84 W. 1460m<\/small>\n<\/small><br><br><br><img width=\"3307\" height=\"1932\" width_o=\"3307\" height_o=\"1932\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/f6b05c9ea0349dd02adeef76c85f1f66008e29e28d514174a81267239c14a290\/Six-Bells-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5143-33.56-N-307-58.63-W-638m.jpg\" data-mid=\"78324345\" border=\"0\" \/><small>Six Bells 51\u00b043 33.56 N 3\u00b007 58.63 W 638m <\/small><br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"3554\" height=\"2076\" width_o=\"3554\" height_o=\"2076\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/8ae077ef4e2ad7f1e41152db59f23879c36c21b00a4871c3f1fe71387ae06f2c\/Tan-y-Garn--Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-51-46-10.01-N-3-59-05.93-W-418m.jpeg\" data-mid=\"78324346\" border=\"0\" \/><small>Tan-y-Garn 51\u00b0 46 10.01 N 3\u00b0 59 05.93 W 418m<\/small><br><br>\nVanishing Point <br>The satellite images of the earth that have helped construct these journeys have become part of the imagination of these landscapes. Seeing; finding the site from above and arriving on the ground by van, walking and digging out buckets of ochre sludge from the settling lagoons: Perception of these colours\/places is partly shaped by Google Earth - I see the colour through the satellite\u2019s eye. How to separate these different images; from above, from the ground and from underground<i>.&nbsp;<\/i><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>\n<br>\n\n<br><br>\n<b>Link<\/b><br>Flat Time House (FTHo) website:&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/flattimeho.org.uk\/events\/aerial-landscapes\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/flattimeho.org.uk\/events\/aerial-landscapes\/<\/a> <br><br><br><br>\n<br>","content_no_html":"Aerial Landscapes\nVisibility\nOne of the striking things about the Mine Water Treatment Sites is their visibility, but not usually from the ground, as de
47spite the intensity of the colours the sites themselves are usually hidden behind fences, off tracks, along relatively inaccessible stretches of land - but from above through Google Earth they are clearly discernible, sometimes from many kilometres \u2018up\u2019. I have found the sites on Google Maps on my iphone, if the site can\u2019t be found by its nearest post code, then I pull over to zoom out and up to see where I am, and where the site is. &nbsp;\n\n\n{image 1}Cuthill 55\u00b050 59.82 N 3\u00b036 34.65 W 513m\n{image 3}\nSaltburn 54\u00b034 07.37 N 0\u00b057 42.87 W 1130m\n{image 2}Deerplay Hill 53\u00b044 07.95&nbsp; N 2\u00b012 10.84 W. 1460m\n{image 4}Six Bells 51\u00b043 33.56 N 3\u00b007 58.63 W 638m \n\n\n{image 5}Tan-y-Garn 51\u00b0 46 10.01 N 3\u00b0 59 05.93 W 418m\nVanishing Point The satellite images of the earth that have helped construct these journeys have become part of the imagination of these landscapes. Seeing; finding the site from above and arriving on the ground by van, walking and digging out buckets of ochre sludge from the settling lagoons: Perception of these colours\/places is partly shaped by Google Earth - I see the colour through the satellite\u2019s eye. How to separate these different images; from above, from the ground and from underground.&nbsp;\n\n\n\nLinkFlat Time House (FTHo) website:&nbsp;http:\/\/flattimeho.org.uk\/events\/aerial-landscapes\/ \n","content_partial_html":"<h2>Aerial Landscapes<\/h2><br>\nVisibility<br>\nOne of the striking things about the Mine Water Treatment Sites is their visibility, but not usually from the ground, as de
47spite the intensity of the colours the sites themselves are usually hidden behind fences, off tracks, along relatively inaccessible stretches of land - but from above through Google Earth they are clearly discernible, sometimes from many kilometres \u2018up\u2019. I have found the sites on Google Maps on my iphone, if the site can\u2019t be found by its nearest post code, then I pull over to zoom out and up to see where I am, and where the site is. &nbsp;<br>\n\n<br><br>\n<img width=\"2791\" height=\"1590\" width_o=\"2791\" height_o=\"1590\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/a5674242923d220bb5be7715c4bee1dc8ef918bfd92fae3f10f64f0e396c70cf\/Cuthill-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5550-59.82-N-336-34.65-W-513m_1.jpg\" data-mid=\"78324342\" border=\"0\" \/>Cuthill 55\u00b050 59.82 N 3\u00b036 34.65 W 513m<br>\n<br><br><img width=\"4519\" height=\"2647\" width_o=\"4519\" height_o=\"2647\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/c5da50503269fe5f7b7f4fec66e2d6780fcd9aaf94a189b154dd4a231344692f\/Saltburn-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5434-07.37-N-057-42.87-W-1130m_360.jpg\" data-mid=\"78324344\" border=\"0\" \/>\nSaltburn 54\u00b034 07.37 N 0\u00b057 42.87 W 1130m\n<br><br><br><img width=\"3814\" height=\"2228\" width_o=\"3814\" height_o=\"2228\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/54489ad3012d7e0a2bbdaa55cfee88482e5fd8725c0e7dc99d2bbb86618a187b\/Deerplay-Hill-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5344-07.95--N-212-10.84-W.-1460m.jpg\" data-mid=\"78324343\" border=\"0\" \/>Deerplay Hill 53\u00b044 07.95&nbsp; N 2\u00b012 10.84 W. 1460m\n<br><br><br><img width=\"3307\" height=\"1932\" width_o=\"3307\" height_o=\"1932\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/f6b05c9ea0349dd02adeef76c85f1f66008e29e28d514174a81267239c14a290\/Six-Bells-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5143-33.56-N-307-58.63-W-638m.jpg\" data-mid=\"78324345\" border=\"0\" \/>Six Bells 51\u00b043 33.56 N 3\u00b007 58.63 W 638m <br>\n<br>\n<br>\n<img width=\"3554\" height=\"2076\" width_o=\"3554\" height_o=\"2076\" data-src=\"https:\/\/freight.cargo.site\/t\/original\/i\/8ae077ef4e2ad7f1e41152db59f23879c36c21b00a4871c3f1fe71387ae06f2c\/Tan-y-Garn--Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-51-46-10.01-N-3-59-05.93-W-418m.jpeg\" data-mid=\"78324346\" border=\"0\" \/>Tan-y-Garn 51\u00b0 46 10.01 N 3\u00b0 59 05.93 W 418m<br><br>\nVanishing Point <br>The satellite images of the earth that have helped construct these journeys have become part of the imagination of these landscapes. Seeing; finding the site from above and arriving on the ground by van, walking and digging out buckets of ochre sludge from the settling lagoons: Perception of these colours\/places is partly shaped by Google Earth - I see the colour through the satellite\u2019s eye. 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119				<projectcontent><br><h1>TLiC / Turning Landscape</h1><br></projectcontent>
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222					<projectcontent><h2>Turning Landscape into Colour<br></h2><br>
223Turning Landscape into Colour is a research site and community exploring the material and social condition of landscapes impacted by the effects of industrial scale coal and metal mining. Much of the research focus is on the legacy of mining in South Wales, Scotland, the South West and North East of England. <br><br>As mineral extraction is expanding in many parts of the world&nbsp; - serving the industries we call ‘sustainable’ -&nbsp; landscapes and communities are threatened by the depletion and pollution of natural resources they rely on to survive.<br><br>
224The research in these pages shows some of the early stages of a long term ongoing investigation into the formation and life cycle of a material that signals the environmental catastrphy we are living in.<br>
225<br><br>__________________________________________________________________________________________________&nbsp;<br>
226<br>
227Where ever mines have been dug, water will find its way back into the chambers left by extrated ground. Over time, rain water seeps back down into the exposed hollowed out subterrainian landscape of former mines.&nbsp;<br><br>This process has the combined significance of a geological, environmental and social event in
228time. One that defines and describes the industrial scale extraction and exploitation of mineral materials and people.&nbsp; Landscapes&nbsp;deformed and damaged by inducstrial scale extraction are exposed&nbsp;to an environmental catastrophy caused by the damage that that same extraction is doing to the climate.&nbsp;<br><br>
229 
230The water that enters these tunnels and chambers travels, collecting the dislodged and exposed mineral residues, the leftovers of the mining process as it washes through the ground. Eventually water reaches back to the surface,&nbsp; pouring into rivers, bringing those displaced minerals with it. Sometimes these can be very toxic: arsicnic, mercury, lead, iron, manganses, copper. Sometimes they are just the oxidised irons, but these suck the oxygen from the water as they arrive - leaving everything else without life.&nbsp;<br>
231<br>
232<img width="5184" height="3456" width_o="5184" height_o="3456" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/aaf9afb2d832f861b2822fc2a8d3c63477ecdb06688fbbb0c7dcc6ebc45f3a5d/2.opencast.jpg" data-mid="77505497" border="0" /><br>
233<small>Photograph of Tower open cast coal mine 2015. Coal extraction at the Tower opencast
234site came to an end in 2017 after changes in environmental regulations.</small><br>
235<br>
236<br>
237
238 <img width="1224" height="1632" width_o="1224" height_o="1632" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2a746f232e6b46d3e21abc71dc3a0954200a735b63f1b529c0326785643b114c/Sxbls-abertillery-minemap-2.jpg" data-mid="77507233" border="0" /><br><small>Six Bells and Abertillery showing underground mine workings overlaid with surface
239topography and infrastructure</small><br><br> Historic mine map of Vivian pit Abertillery, the source of the pollution forming now at Six Bells.<br>
240<br>
241<br><img width="4618" height="3464" width_o="4618" height_o="3464" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/9aa4b217958e4a4070ba8804fc692edc99723fe07da5d4ec2f2888f51d58e3a1/Six-BellsAbertillery.JPG" data-mid="77505601" border="0" /><br>
242<small>Six Bells and Abertillery with the mine water treatment scheme just visible in the
243lower middle of the picture 2020.</small><br>
244
245					
246				
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250<br>
251Overlaying the 
252material effects of landscape are the cultural 
253complexities that are woven so deeply into each landscape structure that they become 
254inseparable; the geological, the social; the ecological and the 
255economic. These pages consider how the complicated 
256interdependencies between humans and the earth can be described through a single material.<br><br>
257<br>
258 
259<img width="1620" height="1080" width_o="1620" height_o="1080" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2995b22f882737a84e469f1a27bb91c40cb227986157512a43a93dfd97c7d20b/1.-Frances.JPG" data-mid="77503057" border="0" /><br>
260<br>
261The
262 coal mine ochre colours have a different life from ‘traditional’ or historic ochres. These new or geologically young minerals are brought into being through the treatment of polluting water in former coal mining landscapes across the UK. The 
263conditions of each individual landscape influences the minerals forming there. <br><br>
264The discovery of these qualities has happened through making artworks that follow five individual ochres from their geological landscape 
265contexts through physical transition into usable pigments 
266for paint. A process that simultaneously exposes layers of 
267sociopolitical history, along with the contemporary cultural and 
268economic connections to place. 
269<br>
270
271
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281						<br>
282Ochre is the oldest of cultural materials with roots stretching back to the beginning
283of human history. The mine water ochres can be aligned with traditional historic ochre - a
284mineral that has been found sprinkled on cave floors, caked onto the buried bones of
285ancient humans;<sup>1</sup> mixed with binder and turned into paint on cave walls, some 30,000 years ago and forming patterns on the built walls of early human settlements at Djade al-
286Mughara, Aleppo, Syria 11,000 years ago.<sup>2</sup><br>
287
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298The research has developed and been informed through a focused practice of
299painting and its traditions, referring to the earliest marks on cave walls, neolithic marks and the
300minimalist marks of the modernist / post modern traditions: Painting has been a line to
301follow and also to drift off from. Collaboration with chemists, earth scientists and
302paint manufacturers have helped to shape and understand the analytics of the material as pigment, from particle
303size, transparency and lightfastness, using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron
304microscopy (SEM) and cross polarised light microscopy, to drying, burning, grinding and
305sieving, scaling up, ratios of one medium to another to find a route to get a paint that
306carries the weight of the conditions of its formation, that can be applied to a wall.<br>
307<br>
308<img width="1024" height="768" width_o="1024" height_o="768" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2245fd9560147be2d7b30d216737982f9a3c9f7b8885680763a2b802ce41ba39/Cuthill-Ferrihydrite-Digital-photograph-Cross-Polarised-Light-XPL-x1000--Field-of-view-0.1-mm..jpg" data-mid="77507549" border="0" /><br>
309<small>Cuthill ferrihydrite digital photograph using cross-polarised Light (XPL) x1000, field
310of view 0.1 mm.</small><br>
311<br><img width="2560" height="1920" width_o="2560" height_o="1920" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e232a6fb13bb1be0eb2d8673b1013f6b68d3cb66777aa38d85a57c1a1a5aa837/electron-microscopy-Six-Bells.jpg" data-mid="77507723" border="0" /><br>
312
313					
314				
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317	
318
319<small>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Six Bells ochre</small><br><br>
320<h3>Coal Authority Video</h3><br>
321In 2018 the Coal Authoity produced a short film oulining the processes involved in their mine remediation programme and ochre formation. The film shows the collaborative between Onya and the Coal Authority.<br>
322<div style="position:relative;padding-bottom:56%;padding-top:20px;height:0;"><iframe src="https://mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=C99b1G96&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" allowfullscreen="" class=""></iframe></div>
323<b></b><i>Turning Landscape </i>CIC Community Interest Comany was based Ty Ebbw Fach in the former mining village of Six Bells, Blaenau Gwent, South Wales between 2020 - 2023.<br>
324<br>The organisation continues now in a new form supporting workshops and talks about the formation of colour from the mines into usable pigment material, bringing together people with interest in the social, economic and environmental legacies of coal mining and extractive practices.<br>
325<br>The research was developed by Onya McCausland through Leverhulme research funding between 2018 - 2021. <br>
326<br>
327
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337<hr>			
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340<sup>1</sup>&nbsp;
340 The Red Lady of Paviland: OUMNH Q.1. Visit to see the remains at Oxford Museum of Natural History 2016. One of the richest 1Palaeolithic sites in Europe is in South West Wales on the Gower Peninsula between Port Eynon and Rhossili. Sollas, W.J. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol.43 (Jul. - Dec., 1913)&nbsp;<br><br>
341<sup>2</sup>&nbsp; &nbsp;National Geographic online: &nbsp;<a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/10/photogalleries/wip-week50/photo7.html">http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/10/photogalleries/wip-week50/photo7.html</a>, accessed: 217th December 2014. And: Caroline Cartwright (2008) The World’s Oldest Wall Painting In Syria?, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 140:1, 3-3, DOI: 10.1179/003103208x288645 http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/003103208x288645 Published online: 02 Dec 2013<br>
342<br>
343Turning Landscape into Colour Abstract, link to PhD: <a href="https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10039744/ ">https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10039744/ </a><br><br><br><br>
344<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
345<br>
346<br>
347<br>
348<br>
349<br>
350<br>
351Further info on individual artworks <a href="http://www.onyamccausland.com" target="_blank">www.onyamccausland.com</a><br>
352<br></projectcontent>
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444					<projectcontent><h2><b><i>Six Bells Red</i></b>
445</h2><br><br><img width="2048" height="1536" width_o="2048" height_o="1536" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f3cf7db6f641c52e54e30b88b6c23dfca3108ebc643539c61e20d3a2ad60d5b0/A5EA7CAE-2C2E-440D-BBF1-D8BCD7F2C1F5_1_102_o.jpeg" data-mid="252299734" border="0" /><br>We make water based wall emultion paint using pigment derived from the
446residues that form from polluting mine water as it oxidises. Each batch of paint is made on request. Please contact Onya McCausland if you wouldlike to discuss a project.<br><br>
447<img width="1536" height="2048" width_o="1536" height_o="2048" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f06b07cb4654d663be64d8401ce2919f927c99b1799f273e231908157a44293d/682FC6AE-79B9-4864-A141-16D6F287B60B_1_102_o.jpeg" data-mid="252299733" border="0" /><br>
448The recipe for this paint is based on an environmentally responsible and susatinable&nbsp; natural potassium silicate base.<br>
449<br>
450<img width="1024" height="768" width_o="1024" height_o="768" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/aa91c4f341e9dbdf1329cb41f895c216563a36f73d5a4ee82a9fd9d7d539284b/5E37234C-C752-410B-BAF4-41A23A3AF35D_1_105_c.jpeg" data-mid="252299877" border="0" /><br>Aberbeeg Hospital project 2022/3. The wooden ecological outbuilding is stained with Six Bells Red bound in sunflower oil resin. The paint protectsand weather proofs the wood.&nbsp;<br><br><img width="1336" height="781" width_o="1336" height_o="781" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ed0cb22cabdd401725d4849a46400a09536186c3ded72baa616f9c3c453cda81/Six-Bells-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5143-33.56-N-307-58.63-W-638m-copy.jpg" data-mid="92610365" border="0" />Aerial photograph of Six Bells, Abertillery, Blaenau Gwent, South Wales mine water treatment scheme showing the lakes of oxidising water pumped out of mines, and away from polluting the river.<br>
451<br><img width="768" height="1024" width_o="768" height_o="1024" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/97224d831810ef3eb2f91adad260ba2a64753e1ccd620ac22732c57a4d2f3687/29929D14-B5AD-466A-97AC-C5F06CA286A3_1_105_c.jpeg" data-mid="252299996" border="0" /><br>Iron oxide sludge residue from treated mine water at Six Bells<br><br><br><br><img width="4618" height="3464" width_o="4618" height_o="3464" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/dd4ffcde23b7ada653bbcc2a1419c9a8149a054e8ef6cdd239409093b8924c12/IMG_5728.JPG" data-mid="92610593" border="0" /><br>The minewater treatment site viewed from Mynydd Llanhilleth<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Archival material:<br>
452<br>
453<b>On Friday 11th December 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic Turning Landscape made and launched the worlds first ever exterior grade wall paint made from mine water ochre. &nbsp;<i>Six Bells Red </i>is now made in the former mining village of Six Bells.&nbsp;Alongside the wall paint Michael Harding (paints) made a series of 1000 40 ml tubes of high quality artists oil paint;&nbsp;</b><b><i>Six Bells Burnt Ochre. </i>These are for sale on this website, or if you make the journy to Six Bells we will give you a tube.<br></b><br>
454<span style="font-size: 1.3rem; background-color: initial;">All proceeds from any sales we make are recycled back into the programme which supports local events, volunteers, production. I</span>f you run a public space, are a community group or project that would like to use either of these paints, you can apply to have some. Please email us.<br>
455<br>
456<br>
457<img width="1641" height="2014" width_o="1641" height_o="2014" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/dd884242a66d148fe74ba52ff305d18377688dfef608c19e4903328cd050cd01/Six-Bells-Tin--Sm.jpeg" data-mid="92610366" border="0" /><br>
458IL tin exterior grade wall paint <b>Six Bells Red 1st ed. 2020</b><br><br>
459<br>The pigment to make <i>Six Bells Red</i> has been specially created by burning the raw ochre at a specific temperature to create the distinctive red colour.&nbsp;This ochre forms as a residue during the treatment of polluting mine water making this a completely sustainable source of colour pigment.<br><br><br>
460
46140ml tube of Six Bells Burnt Ochre&nbsp;artists’ oil paint 1st ed. 1000<img width="961" height="1253" width_o="961" height_o="1253" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5bbc0a2fb8785cdf024ce3406d7f1cdabb2a03a6cc0e0f238cefcc4856656302/2020_10_08_SIX_BSmllF.jpeg" data-mid="92610362" border="0" /><br><br>
462<br>
463 <img width="1048" height="797" width_o="1048" height_o="797" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/18cedb3bc4c468e7f4688f5be387b78ea1fa2ff45bf975990c8367926b7e6fbb/4F55F367-23D6-449A-AFD3-168D47EABF53_1_105_c.jpeg" data-mid="128627976" border="0" /><br>
464
465This cast iron marker plaque 2020 has been installed at the mine water treatment site designating the site as the permenat source of this colour.. The map will be visible from the footpath at the far north end of the perimeter fence. <br>
466<br><br><br><br>
467<br>
468<h2>Photos from the Launch Day..<br></h2><br><blockquote><h2><sub>Launch Event and Plaque Unveiling December 11th 2020 @ noon</sub>
469</h2></blockquote><br><br>
470<iframe width="1080" height="720" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YWDPfe5RpcI?start=0" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" style="width: 623.648px; height: 415.765px;" class=""></iframe><br><br>The launch was held online with a physical presence at <i>Six Bells Mine Water Treatment Scheme</i> in South Wales, seeing the unveiling of a new public artwork - a map cast in iron marking, naming, claiming the site of the ochres’ formation.<br>
471<br>
472<br><img width="1084" height="725" width_o="1084" height_o="725" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a9e7fd85ad2eab6b12b6161f90ecc6e5fcffd01df9abeb3b5b7ea5390b066d9b/Alun_Davies.JPG" data-mid="92625810" border="0" /><br>Alun Davies MS unveils the plaque at Six Bells Mine Water Treatment Works<br>
473<br>
474<br>
475<img width="1052" height="789" width_o="1052" height_o="789" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/52bc7e310a6715bca2031a915be77850df04069f9441e5b45dd907aeb4a2bb0a/Retired-mining-survayors-looking-over-the-maps.JPG" data-mid="92610364" border="0" /><br>Dr 
476Onya McCausland and former NCB surveyers and mine workers trace the route of minewater on vintage NCB plans in Jan 2020<br><br>
477<br>
478<img width="5184" height="3888" width_o="5184" height_o="3888" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b4a0b97a48de5ffc5726133f5c3e7ee2a89cdba26a1d75cd73c7499409207199/IMG_8708.JPG" data-mid="92610908" border="0" /><br>A close up of the cast iron map the day after it was unveiled <br><br>
479<br>
480<img width="4000" height="3000" width_o="4000" height_o="3000" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/14f20b07b10cefc47f5243f49310bee2a4e6a6de99ed20f856ba6949abed5a03/IMG_20201208_091218.jpg" data-mid="92611162" border="0" /><br>The builders prepare to pour the concrete for the markers’s plinth<br>
481<br>
482<br><img width="5184" height="3888" width_o="5184" height_o="3888" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cca9152c7d4c67be7764d1bcbed567f735dacdccd799579c95c4a97ea359b428/IMG_8643.JPG" data-mid="92611151" border="0" /><br>Onya in front of the newly painted wall<br>
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485<img width="5184" height="3888" width_o="5184" height_o="3888" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1aecb4f511d11e749907b9ede53d031f22a4e6e4ef6c59e9498c26d9bcbc905f/IMG_8651.JPG" data-mid="92611152" border="0" /><br>The wall in Ty Ebbw Fach that was painted live as part of the launch event on the 11 December 2020<br>
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487<img width="1024" height="631" width_o="1024" height_o="631" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0427fef339d3be40b6b60bff03a0af9ba2004a49fc3556f47877197d69f5d2c4/IMG_20201210_105420_1-ANIMATION.gif" data-mid="92615396" border="0" /><br><br>
4884K Video of Plaque Taken 23 December 2020<br>
489<iframe width="1080" height="720" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ORfvH-TVsb0" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" style="width: 623.648px; height: 415.765px;"></iframe>
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492<br><br><br><br>
493<br>
494<h2>
494Background to Colour from the Mines&nbsp;<br></h2>
495<br>This project is led by artist Onya McCausland from UCL Slade School of Fine Art. Onya's practice develops an original and innovative approach to the role of the art object by making paint - including integrating its site of formation - as an artwork, in co-produced with manufacturers and members of the local ex-mining community. Paint in tubes and tins are considered as art objects and editioned for distribution and use by the public. <br>
496
497<br>Onya McCausland developed the idea of recycling the coal mine sludge into paint while travelling around the country collecting samples of ochre from mine sites across former British coalfields in South Wales, Scotland, Lancashire and Yorkshire. <br>
498
499<br>Further examples of Onya’s works can be found here:&nbsp; <a href="https://onyamccausland.com/ucl/" target="_blank">https://onyamccausland.com/ucl/</a><br>
500
501<br>Six Bells is the first of five former coal mining sites around the UK that will take part in this project. The next one will be <b>Saltburn near Middlesborough,</b> followed by <b>Cuthill West Lothian,</b> <b>Deerplay Hill in Lancashire</b>, and finally back to South Wales <b>Tan-y-Garn beside Ammanford.</b><br>
502
503<br>It has been generously supported by the UK Coal Authority. <br>
504
505<br>The project has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, the Slade School of Fine Art and UCLInnovation &amp; Enterprise, with support from Michael Harding.<br><br>
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512<div class="image-gallery" data-gallery="%7B%22mode_id%22%3A6%2C%22gallery_instance_id%22%3A20%2C%22name%22%3A%22Slideshow%22%2C%22path%22%3A%22slideshow%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22autoplay%22%3Afalse%2C%22autoplaySpeed%22%3A%224.5%22%2C%22speed%22%3A%220.8%22%2C%22arrows%22%3Atrue%2C%22transition-type%22%3A%22slide%22%2C%22constrain_height%22%3Atrue%2C%22image_vertical_align%22%3A%22middle%22%2C%22image_horizontal_align%22%3A%22middle%22%2C%22image_alignment%22%3A%22image_middle_middle%22%2C%22mobile_data%22%3A%7B%22separate_mobile_view%22%3Afalse%7D%2C%22meta_data%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D">
513<img width="5184" height="3456" width_o="5184" height_o="3456" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/832aa217504aa727c98f10f4ea1b4a7c193927625bca852ab32475affa1bb80e/4.-The-Van-on-Site.jpg" data-mid="73032014" border="0" />
514<img width="5184" height="3456" width_o="5184" height_o="3456" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/b75bf7ecc18c03d4076db450c855bf776d8d975d3a667935f7b631de07942edf/5.--Processing-ochrestudio.jpg" data-mid="73032015" border="0" alt="Processing ochre" data-caption="Processing ochre"/>
515<img width="1026" height="766" width_o="1026" height_o="766" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4bf2f1d830adb62a07f95a59ca3c21751f04435ab904fdaf808b65446c7e5edc/6.-W-N-.jpg" data-mid="73032016" border="0" />
516<img width="5184" height="3456" width_o="5184" height_o="3456" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/9fbe9f619d13946f4e0cdbd08c1c41df62f09bbf3681c57f5ff4b3f345a368fd/7.-Muller.jpg" data-mid="73032017" border="0" />
517<img width="1026" height="766" width_o="1026" height_o="766" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d848d9c0cef007
517dca1be94dc39e828932d6941c3bc73bb75c1ece7a716a695ff/8.-.jpg" data-mid="73032018" border="0" />
518<img width="3456" height="5184" width_o="3456" height_o="5184" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6132f8b7dc87b6f82a2e5f8dc9947b32d2a1d4409bc7886e3f4a84a97db2b9ff/9.-Six-Bells-in-Watercolour---Oil.JPG" data-mid="73032019" border="0" />
519</div>&nbsp;<br>
520<h3>A Sustainable Pigment Factory</h3><br>The focus of the work has turned to five sites where ochre is in formation - Six Bells and Tan-y-Garn mine water treatment schemes in South Wales together with three others in Scotland, Lancashire and North Yorkshire. These sites will become the first-ever functioning industrial sites to be associated with, and named as a sustainable source of colour: an incidental pigment factory. The sites and their colour will be recognised and acknowledged as part of the cultural, social and industrial history of the UK.<p></p><p>Water pumped from the flooding cavities of redundant coal mines inadvertently produces over 4000 tonnes of iron-oxide ‘ochre’ material as ‘waste’ ochre sludge every year. This largely untapped source of ochre presents an opportunity for the development of new earth pigment for use in paint that retains the identity of its material formation in the landscape. This is in contrast to currently available natural ochres from unsustainable unnamed sources across the globe. </p><p>
521The lakes of colour in the ground are the Mine Water Treatment Schemes run and managed by the Coal Authority. They inadvertently perform the production of ochre waste as part of the clean-up of polluting ground water and contaminated land. The lakes signify an event occurring in the post-industrial, post-carbon landscape and are defined and highlighted here as performing a cultural act and recognised as artworks. <br>
522<br>
523</p><h3>Cultural Materials</h3><p>The ochres are distinguished by the quality and indivudality of their colour that describes the particular conditions of their landscape context which are intricately linked to the history and legacy of the coal mining industry; to the hands that worked this industry. The use of the coal mine waste materials as pigment for paint recognises for the first time their position as part of the cultural landscape of the UK.<br>
524<br>
525Over the past year we have been developing the project in consultaion with the particpants from the &nbsp;community at <a href="Six-Bells-Ty-Ebbw-Fach" rel="history">Ty Ebbw Fach </a>/ Six Bells Regeneration to collectively explore the value and significance of the materials for the people whose experiences are shaped by the mining landscape and its legacies. Beginning in January 2020 a number of public events have taken place, starting with meeting retired coal mine surveyors and workers who talked about their knowledge and memories of the mines.<br>
526<br>
527This has been leading up towards the launch of the first ever mineral based wall emulsion paint and oil paint made in collaboration with two world class paint manufacturers local to the area. <br>
528<br>
529</p><hr><p><br>
530The ongoing programme of work is developed through close collaboration with the Coal Authority.<br>
531<br>Over the course of its evolution this work has had significant contributions from Dr. Ruth Siddall geologist and pigment analyst at UCL; Prof. David Dobson from the Department of Earth Science UCL, Jo Volley, Deputy Director (projects) Slade School of Fine Art and Spike Bucklow, Reader in Material Culture, University of Cambridge.&nbsp;<br><b><br>
532<i>TLiC</i> </b>is the research site of artist Onya McCausland.
533<br>
534  McCausland, O <i>Turning Landscape into Colour</i> 2017<br>
535<br>For more updates on <b><i>Colour from the Mines</i> 2020&nbsp;</b>please follow the project on social media:<br>Website: <a href="https://onyamccausland.com/" target="_blank">https://onyamccausland.com/</a><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
536<br><br>
537<br>
538<br>
539<br>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/turningland?lang=en-gb" target="_blank">@turningland</a><br>Instagram: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/onyawildermccausland/" target="_blank">@onyawildermccausland</a>, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/onyamccausland/" target="_blank">@onyamccausland</a><br><br><br>
540<br></p></projectcontent>
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632					<projectcontent><h2>Ty Ebbw Fach</h2><br>
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634<br>
635<p>
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638</p><p></p>
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640
641<p><i>Ty Ebbw Fach </i>was a former pub turned community centre in the village of Six Bells where this work first began. The people that lived nearby were involed in the early stages of developing projects and defining the aims and ambitions for the work.</p><br>
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649<img width="1017" height="763" width_o="1017" height_o="763" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/906197cfd4a6dad4911e734c42efca59a193862baba4739616325f93f14fdbfe/5.jpg" data-mid="74785971" border="0" /><br>
650<br><h3>Mining Surveyors</h3><br>Local miners and mine surveyors attended and talked about their experiences of the mines directly under us at Six Bells. They brought maps of the mine working and we discussed the infrastructure and daily working of the mines as they recalled it. <br>
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652<br>
653<br>
654<img width="1052" height="789" width_o="1052" height_o="789" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6d07e502fc365f9be590682e2141f6bbe38c082f46d0161de2ce33316f5c73ca/8Miners-maps-Feb-2019.JPG" data-mid="74785970" border="0" /><br>Retired mine surveyors Robert, Kerry, Bernard and Ray Feburary 2020<br><br>
655<img width="592" height="789" width_o="592" height_o="789" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6978a311944744efecfbab68de49bcc3ba7f2ced099a58dc5677caac1d477797/9.-Talking-to-retired-mining-survers-at-Six-BellsTy-Ebbwfach-Feburary-2019.JPG" data-mid="74785972" border="0" /><br>
656<br>The collaboration between Onya McCausland, the local community through <i>Ty Ebbw Fach</i> at Six Bells and the Coal Authority draws attention to mining heretage that proposes these colours as a new alternative legacy.
657<br>
658<br>
659Images of Six Bells Mine Water Treatment works:<br>
660<br>
661<br>
662<div class="image-gallery" data-gallery="%7B%22mode_id%22%3A6%2C%22gallery_instance_id%22%3A5%2C%22name%22%3A%22Slideshow%22%2C%22path%22%3A%22slideshow%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22autoplay%22%3Afalse%2C%22autoplaySpeed%22%3A2.5%2C%22speed%22%3A0.5%2C%22arrows%22%3Atrue%2C%22transition-type%22%3A%22slide%22%2C%22mobile_data%22%3A%7B%22separate_mobile_view%22%3Afalse%7D%2C%22meta_data%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22constrain_height%22%3Atrue%2C%22image_vertical_align%22%3A%22middle%22%2C%22image_horizontal_align%22%3A%22middle%22%2C%22image_alignment%22%3A%22image_middle_middle%22%7D%7D">
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678<br></projectcontent>
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771					<projectcontent><h2>&nbsp;Watercolour made from mine residues</h2><br>
772<br>
773<img width="926" height="694" width_o="926" height_o="694" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d88cddbd74c4db95668218a243b937dfd760fd52f8737ebe178f04c836b55bff/brushes-watercolour.jpg" data-mid="72820032" border="0" /><br>In 2020 artist and printmaker Nichola Goff made 4 watercolour sets, each with 4 different pigments from the mines. Each set is made up of individual watercolour pans using pigment from Six Bells (raw and burnt ochre) Tan-y-Garn (Ammanford) ochre and Bideford black (Devon).&nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
774<br>
775The watercolours were first used
776 during Covid-19 pandemic. Each set was sent out to people living in the Six Bells area so they could try out using the colours first hand. Nichola made the following video demonstrations of the process of mixing the paints and how they look and feel different to use. The final video gives some guidance for those using the watercolours. Along with the watercolour sets we posted paper, brushes and note books asking that people record their experience of using the pigments. <br>
777The enthusiastic and moving response to this call out can be seen here: <br>
778Facebook : Colour From The Mines :&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/ColourFromTheMines " target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/groups/ColourFromTheMines </a><br>
779<br>
780<h3>
781Six Bells Raw Ochre</h3><br>
782<div style="position:relative;padding-bottom:56%;padding-top:20px;height:0;"><iframe src="https://mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=DH39gFd9&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><br>
783<br><h3>Six Bells Burnt Ochre</h3>
784<br><div style="position: relative; padding-bottom: 56%; padding-top: 20px; height: 0px;"><iframe src="https://mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=67iFEiB3&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><br><br><br><br>
785<br>
786</div><br>
787<br><h3>Tan-y-Garn Raw Ochre Process<br></h3><br>
788<div style="position:relative;padding-bottom:56%;padding-top:20px;height:0;"><iframe src="https://mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=7eGDdH3b&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>
789<br><br>
790
791<h3>Bideford (Coal) Black </h3>
792<br><div style="position:relative;padding-bottom:56%;padding-top:20px;height:0;"><iframe src="https://mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=8cg21IIA&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>
793<br><br>
794<br><br>
795<h3>Demo:&nbsp;Watercolours sets demonstration</h3><br><div style="position: relative; padding-bottom: 56%; padding-top: 20px; height: 0px;"><iframe src="https://mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk/player?autostart=n&amp;fullscreen=y&amp;width=0&amp;height=0&amp;videoId=02FF08ac&amp;captions=n&amp;chapterId=0" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
796<br>
797</div>
798<br><br><br><br><h2>Watercolour sketchbook<br></h2>
799<br>
800
801<img width="3264" height="2448" width_o="3264" height_o="2448" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/12e92bcf27c75fb1eb80001be8e0090d1e92fd16b5a5d224195d529c999ecc2e/Six-Bells-.jpg" data-mid="73030138" border="0" /><br><br><br>
802<br>
803<img width="3264" height="2448" width_o="3264" height_o="2448" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/33201bc89ebea87c93b8b79344935b0924a611fefdec4f4054e0b99f4523d882/IMG_5879.JPG" data-mid="73030131" border="0" /><br><br><br>
804<br>
805<img width="3264" height="2448" width_o="3264" height_o="2448" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a9a41abb4acb8a3fc7644efeffe0f47ccf31f18621bcbce1fde804689ff48b36/IMG_5881.JPG" data-mid="73030133" border="0" /><br><br><br>
806<br>
807<img width="3264" height="2448" width_o="3264" height_o="2448" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f59a9e7441e41507b3dfad63d321a84e2a2cd91697974d9d49f7f9c59b17c9b6/IMG_5884-copy.jpg" data-mid="73030134" border="0" /><img width="3264" height="2448" width_o="3264" height_o="2448" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f21dde8eb9d822d846a313e3e5ce1a2c472d12ed9f1c5e843e25704e1b7469e7/IMG_5878.JPG" data-mid="73030130" border="0" /><br><br><br>
808<br>
809<img width="3264" height="2448" width_o="3264" height_o="2448" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/9573885c85f12bee6118a80242abbc13b6c50346f10d73a6b4efa3d7e684b8bd/IMG_5886-copy.jpg" data-mid="73030136" border="0" /><br><br><br>
810<br>
811<img width="3264" height="2448" width_o="3264" height_o="2448" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cb1ebc0c6bc6e25d265535190ffb014edd086c8523c9c4393961aaf0de617f3c/IMG_5885-copy.jpg" data-mid="73030135" border="0" /><br><br><br>
812<br>
813<img width="3264" height="2448" width_o="3264" height_o="2448" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/19fedfeba25b4639c1b5f549debcbda718df46a6e0e89dcfbce7211a94309ff0/IMG_5880.JPG" data-mid="73030132" border="0" /><br>
814<br>
815<br>
816<br>
817<br>
818<br>
819<br>
820<br></projectcontent>
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901
902			</div>
903	</div>
904
905			
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909			<bodycopy class="bodycopy content content_padding">
910				
911				<div class="page_content clearfix" data-elementresizer data-resize-parent>
912					<projectcontent><h2>Coal Authority Video<br></h2><br>
913<br><div style="position: relative; padding-bottom: 56%; padding-top: 20px; height: 0px;"><iframe src="https://mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk/player?autostart=n&amp;videoId=C99b1G96&amp;captions=y&amp;chapterId=0" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" allowfullscreen="" class=""></iframe><br>
914<br>
915</div><br><br><br><br><br>
916<br></projectcontent>
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918
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991
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1003					<projectcontent><h2>Aerial Landscapes</h2><br>
1004Visibility<br>
1005One of the striking things about the Mine Water Treatment Sites is their visibility, but not usually from the ground, as de
1005spite the intensity of the colours the sites themselves are usually hidden behind fences, off tracks, along relatively inaccessible stretches of land - but from above through Google Earth they are clearly discernible, sometimes from many kilometres ‘up’. I have found the sites on Google Maps on my iphone, if the site can’t be found by its nearest post code, then I pull over to zoom out and up to see where I am, and where the site is. &nbsp;<br>
1006
1007<br><br>
1008<img width="2791" height="1590" width_o="2791" height_o="1590" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a5674242923d220bb5be7715c4bee1dc8ef918bfd92fae3f10f64f0e396c70cf/Cuthill-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5550-59.82-N-336-34.65-W-513m_1.jpg" data-mid="78324342" border="0" /><small>Cuthill 55°50 59.82 N 3°36 34.65 W 513m</small><br>
1009<br><br><img width="4519" height="2647" width_o="4519" height_o="2647" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c5da50503269fe5f7b7f4fec66e2d6780fcd9aaf94a189b154dd4a231344692f/Saltburn-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5434-07.37-N-057-42.87-W-1130m_360.jpg" data-mid="78324344" border="0" />
1010<small>Saltburn 54°34 07.37 N 0°57 42.87 W 1130m</small>
1011<br><br><br><img width="3814" height="2228" width_o="3814" height_o="2228" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/54489ad3012d7e0a2bbdaa55cfee88482e5fd8725c0e7dc99d2bbb86618a187b/Deerplay-Hill-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5344-07.95--N-212-10.84-W.-1460m.jpg" data-mid="78324343" border="0" /><small><small>Deerplay Hill 53°44 07.95&nbsp; N 2°12 10.84 W. 1460m</small>
1012</small><br><br><br><img width="3307" height="1932" width_o="3307" height_o="1932" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f6b05c9ea0349dd02adeef76c85f1f66008e29e28d514174a81267239c14a290/Six-Bells-Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-5143-33.56-N-307-58.63-W-638m.jpg" data-mid="78324345" border="0" /><small>Six Bells 51°43 33.56 N 3°07 58.63 W 638m </small><br>
1013<br>
1014<br>
1015<img width="3554" height="2076" width_o="3554" height_o="2076" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8ae077ef4e2ad7f1e41152db59f23879c36c21b00a4871c3f1fe71387ae06f2c/Tan-y-Garn--Mine-Water-Treatment-Scheme-51-46-10.01-N-3-59-05.93-W-418m.jpeg" data-mid="78324346" border="0" /><small>Tan-y-Garn 51° 46 10.01 N 3° 59 05.93 W 418m</small><br><br>
1016Vanishing Point <br>The satellite images of the earth that have helped construct these journeys have become part of the imagination of these landscapes. Seeing; finding the site from above and arriving on the ground by van, walking and digging out buckets of ochre sludge from the settling lagoons: Perception of these colours/places is partly shaped by Google Earth - I see the colour through the satellite’s eye. How to separate these different images; from above, from the ground and from underground<i>.&nbsp;</i><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
1017<br>
1018
1019<br><br>
1020<b>Link</b><br>Flat Time House (FTHo) website:&nbsp;<a href="http://flattimeho.org.uk/events/aerial-landscapes/" target="_blank">http://flattimeho.org.uk/events/aerial-landscapes/</a> <br><br><br><br>
1021<br></projectcontent>
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1140<sub><small><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></small> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</sub><div grid-row="" grid-pad="7" grid-gutter="14" grid-responsive="">
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1144<sub><small><a href="Cookies-and-Privacy" rel="history">Cookies and&nbsp;Privacy</a></small></sub><br>
1145<br><a href="https://twitter.com/turningland" target="_blank" class="image-link"><img width="400" height="400" width_o="400" height_o="400" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/830c41de372b5f8b0c8218c2978dc72eca0b829ed0d113db8a89dae558ea812e/Twitter_Social_Icon_Square_Color.png" data-mid="81643306" border="0" data-scale="11"/></a>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<a href="https://www.instagram.com/onyamccausland" target="_blank" class="image-link"><img width="299" height="299" width_o="299" height_o="299" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6ac290357e0d9bb4d82dfed82ad7b6ffd4b5c112109f467eaa09523f8090e02e/Instagram_AppIcon_Aug2017.png" data-mid="81645536" border="0" data-scale="11"/></a> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</div>
1146	<div grid-col="8" grid-pad="7"><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img width="157" height="70" width_o="157" height_o="70" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5e890a09c0c8cb8df9b6e43ee0f7bab7a2a635886523de0acba2ab75a32ec069/UCL_slade_logo_70.png" data-mid="79509450" border="0" data-scale="6" data-no-zoom data-icon-mode alt="Slade School of Fine Art logo" data-caption="Slade School of Fine Art logo"/>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<img width="90" height="79" width_o="90" height_o="79" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/078a8ae85c67b8b454f5a197470d69975432f0035bf7e005f2e600df49d40b6f/coal-authority_70white.png" data-mid="79509451" border="0" data-scale="7" data-no-zoom data-icon-mode alt="The Coal Authority logo" data-caption="The Coal Authority logo"/>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img width="239" height="80" width_o="239" height_o="80" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/1f638f7f68dcf2aa3d435aab394d13c5187b9664c5d6010a531553ba9826414c/leverhulme-70.jpg" data-mid="79509448" border="0" data-scale="7" data-no-zoom data-icon-mode alt="Leverhulme Trust logo" data-caption="Leverhulme Trust logo"/>
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