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420<div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-layout-label="Post Body" data-type="item" data-updated-on="1777989036207" id="item-69f9f59ceccb23323c9ae100"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-e056ec0a6c9a39a1ecfc"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 421 422<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 423 <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">There is something uneasy about writing this, and I want to say why before I say anything else.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">I am an art historian of South Asia. The objects I spend my professional life studyingâivory and wood objects, kalamkari, and checked cottonsâwere produced by artisan communities whose working conditions in their own time were shaped by tributary labor, caste hierarchy, and colonial extraction, and whose contemporary descendants work in industries where those structures have not so much dissolved as reorganized. When I write about artisan visibility at a fashion gala underwritten in part by Jeff Bezos, against a backdrop of widening inequality that is impossible to separate from the global fashion industry itself, I am not standing outside the spectacle offering critique; I am inside it, doing a version of the aestheticizing work the event requires. </p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">That does not mean the observations below are worthless. But it means they should be held at arm's length, including by me. </p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">With that said: within a spectacle that mostly confirmed the logic of global luxury fashion, there were two ensembles that I find worth thinking about carefully, both designed by one of Indiaâs most popular fashion designers, Manish Malhotra. The two costumes that caught my attention this year instantly was Karan Joharâs Raja Ravi Varma inspired cape and, even more stunning, Manish Malhotraâs cape âtributeâ to the city of Mumbai and his atelier. </p> 424</div> 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450</div></div><div class="sqs-block website-component-block sqs-block-website-component sqs-block-embed embed-block" data-block-css="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.embed/fec083c2-4c5f-4408-98af-36d53b9fe504_702/website.components.embed.styles.css"]" data-block-scripts="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.embed/fec083c2-4c5f-4408-98af-36d53b9fe504_702/website.components.embed.visitor.js"]" data-block-type="1337" data-definition-name="website.components.embed" data-sqsp-block="embed" data-website-component-id="yui_3_17_2_1_1777989472010_11090" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1777989472010_11090"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 451 452 453<div 454 class="sqs-embed-container" 455 data-localized="{"embedInvalid":"Enter a valid embed URL or code.","embedTitle":"Embed Block","embedUninitialized":"Add an embed URL or code.","enableSafeModeButton":"Preview in safe mode","enableSafeModeText":"This block contains embedded scripts. Embedded scripts are disabled while you're logged in and editing your site.","enableSafeModeTitle":"Embedded Scripts","exitSafeModeButton":"Exit safe preview","exitSafeModeText":"Please view the page after logging out for accurate rendering.","exitSafeModeTitle":"Safe Preview","globalSafeMode":"Embedded Code: This block contains embedded code that has been disabled.","invalidThumbnail":"Custom featured images only available with embedded videos. Go back into embed settings to turn off featured images.","invalidVideo":"Invalid video embed.","playButton":"Play","scriptDisabled":"Script Disabled"}" 456 457 458> 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 <div class="intrinsic" style="max-width:100%"> 469 <div class="embed-block-wrapper embed-block-provider-YouTube" style="padding-bottom:56.49999999999999%;"> 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 <div class="sqs-video-wrapper" data-html="<iframe width="200" height="113" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ItNfc1TyDdc?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="
476strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen title="Met Gala 2026 LIVE | Karan Johar showcases Indian heritage through fashion art"></iframe>"> 477 478 <div class="intrinsic"> 479 <div class="intrinsic-inner" style="padding-bottom: 56.49999999999999%;"> 480 481 <div class="sqs-video-overlay" style="opacity: 0; "> 482 <img 483 data-load="false" 484 data-mode="cover" 485 data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/0193772a-7811-462d-bb33-0851b3dcc29a/manish-malhotra-wears-a-classic-bandhgala-paired-with-a-v0-jedss6quz8zg1.webp" 486 data-image-focal-point="0.4161062817779236,0.14001750218777342" 487 /> 488 <div class="sqs-video-opaque"></div> 489 <div class="sqs-video-icon" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Play"></div> 490 </div> 491 492 </div> 493 </div> 494 495 </div> 496 497 498 </div> 499 </div> 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511</div> 512 513 514 <style class="transform-overrides-vars"> 515 516</style> 517 518 519</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1777989472010_11155"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 520 521<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 522 <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The Met Gala began in 1948 as a fundraiser for the Metropolitan Museum's Costume Institute, conceived by publicist Eleanor Lambert as a midnight supper for New York society and the garment trade. It was Diana Vreeland, joining as a consultant in 1972, who introduced the exhibition-led theme structure and relocated the event to the museum itself, transforming it from an industry dinner into a cultural occasion. Anna Wintour's assumption of leadership in 1995 completed the metamorphosis: the Gala became a tightly managed spectacle of curated celebrity, global media reach, and increasingly stratospheric ticket pricesârumored this year at up to $100,000 a seatâthat has made it, in its own self-description, the Oscars of the East Coast.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The event is structured around the Costume Institute's annual spring exhibition, and guests are expected to interpret the exhibition's theme in their dress. This year's theme for the gala is âFashion is Artâ. The featured exhibition is the first to open in the new Condé M. Nast Galleries, and examines the dressed body across the museum's collections, juxtaposing garments and works of art to illuminate new connections, with nearly 400 objects contributing to the museum's initiative of displaying and appreciating fashion as an art form. Curator-in-Charge Andrew Bolton framed it as acknowledging fashionâs critical role not only within contemporary culture but within art history itself.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The premise, of âfashion as art,â while not wrong is also a specific ideological move: it elevates the designer as author, positions the garment as singular aesthetic object, andâcruciallyâin my opinion, tends to render invisible contemporary labor structures through which that object came into being. Art historical discourse has long struggled with this problem around objects of craft and applied art; the Costume Institute, in naming its new exhibition âCostume Art,â is leaning into a tradition that has often resolved the tension between making and meaning by aestheticizing the former into irrelevance. That context matters for what Manish Malhotra and Karan Johar brought to the Met steps, because both ensembles engage the themeâs complicated premise.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Malhotraâs own ensemble has been widely discussed already, and rightly so. The black bandhgala and embroidered cape reportedly required over 960 hours of labor by more than 50 artisans across Mumbai and Delhi. They are structured as dense surfaces of accumulated craft: zardozi, chikankari, dori work,
522kasab embroidery worked in white against black, a palette that functions less like a design choice than like a city seen at night. The imagery on the cape is unmistakably Mumbaiâthe Gateway of India, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Queen Victoria Terminus), the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, trains, taxisâbut the cape is not a postcard. What the dense white-on-black embroidery captures is something closer to the cityâs texture: aspiration and grittiness held in the same frame, pressing against each other. Among the architectural landmarks, the artisans themselves appear as sculpted figures, worked into the design, visible in the act of making.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">For me, the most conceptually charged feature is the naming. The artisans are not credited in a caption or a press release; their namesâVipin, Karim, Abdul, Dasâare inscribed on the garment itself, rendered in Hindi, Urdu, and English in what appears to be their handwriting. The multiplicity of languages in use is meaningful: these are not a generic âteamâ but specific individuals whose linguistic and cultural identities are as present as their labor. The names themselves signal something about the community composition of the workshopsâMuslim artisans predominate in zardozi and chikankari production, particularly in the Lucknow belt and the Mumbai ateliers that draw on those traditions, communities whose skilled labor has been systematically undervalued and whose cultural identification with the craft rarely survives the translation into luxury branding. In an industry where the work of karigars is structurally absorbed into the singular authorship of the designer, dissolved into the abstraction of âthe atelier,â inscribing those names in their own scripts is a genuine interruptionâand a pointed one within an event whose theme is premised on the designer as artist. (But criticism follows, wait for it.)</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">This visibility matters especially because we are watching the opposite tendency play out in real time. When Prada marketed footwear closely resembling Kolhapuri chappals without attribution, or when a chunri circulates on social media rebranded as a "Scandinavian scarf," what is being erased is not simply geographic origin and cultures of making that are centuries old but also the labor; skilled, community-based, historically embedded labor that does not register within Western fashion's vocabulary for craft. </p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Producer-Director celebrity extraordinaire of Bollywood, Karan Joharâs look works differently, and the dimension of it that interests me most has gone almost entirely unnoticed.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The nearly six-foot hand-painted cape draws on Raja Ravi Varmaâspecifically <em>Hamsa Damayanti</em>, <em>Kadambari</em>, and <em>Arjuna and Subhadra</em>âand the choice of Ravi Varma is not incidental. Ravi Varma was among the first Indian artists to bridge European academic painting with Hindu mythological subject matter, bringing Hindu narrative imagery into modernity through print and mass reproduction in ways that permanently shaped how those stories were visualized across the subcontinent and diaspora. To invoke him at the Met Gala is to invoke that history of mediation itself: the work of making Indian mythological imagery legible across cultural and technological registers. It is particularly interesting to note that when Ravi Varmaâs own work was first exhibited in the US, they were exhibited at The Worldâs Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 where the artistsâ work was deemed as âethonographic paintingsâ and not as âart work" because it was considered Indian, derivative, and so on. And here, 130 odd years later, a cape that imitates and presents the work of Ravi Varma is presented at one of the worldâs largest art stage as a mark of Indian couture and artistic ingenuity. </p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">How did Malhotra and Johar and their team choose the paintings I wonder? <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/damayanti-and-the-hamsa-raja-ravi-varma/7AGcVzKcCHcR0Q?hl=en" target="_blank"><em>Hamsa Damayanti</em></a>âDamayanti recognizing Nala among the gods who have taken his formâis a scene about desire and discernment across the divine-human threshold. <em>Arjuna and Subhadra</em> stages the elopement facilitated by Krishnaâs mediation, a crossing of social and cosmic boundaries. <em>Kadambari</em>, from Banabhatta's Sanskrit novel, evokes the court lady as figure of refined aesthetic sensibility, of pleasure and loss. Feminine beauty and idealized femininity and familiality is the theme of <em>There Comes Papa.</em> These are not interchangeable Ravi Varma subjects. Where these intentionally chosen because they are Varmaâs best known works or is there a symbolic register at work here? Either way, I would say that Joharâs cape is performing at the Met Gala in New York in ways that Ravi Varmaâs own works never did at the 1893 Worldâs Exposition in Chicago.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Then there is the technique. Painting directly onto cloth situates Joharâs cape within a much longer history of painted and printed textiles in India, most significantly kalamkariâthe hand-painted and resist-printed cotton produced along Indiaâs Coromandel Coast, among the most significant Indian export commodities of the early modern period, circulating through Indian Ocean trade networks to Europe in enormous quantities from the seventeenth century onward. The Met holds a
522substantial collection of kalamkari textiles among its South Asian holdings. This yearâs âCostume Artâ exhibition positions itself as exploring the dressed body across the museum's own collectionsâand yet Joharâs hand-painted cape was carried up the steps of an institution housing some of the finest surviving examples of precisely that tradition, and as far as I can tell, that connection went entirely unremarked by anyone covering the event. The Metâs own holdings were not part of the conversation about a hand-painted textile made by Indian artisans, displayed at the Met, in a year when the exhibition theme explicitly claims to be drawing connections between fashion and the museumâs art historical collections.</p> 523</div> 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549</div></div><div class="sqs-block image-block sqs-block-image" data-block-type="5" data-sqsp-block="image-classic" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1777989472010_23495"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 <div 597 class=" 598 image-block-outer-wrapper 599 layout-caption-below 600 design-layout-inline 601 combination-animation-none 602 individual-animation-none 603 individual-text-animation-none 604 " 605 data-test="image-block-inline-outer-wrapper" 606 data-sqsp-image-classic-block-layout="inline" 607 > 608 609 610 611 612 <figure 613 class=" 614 sqs-block-image-figure 615 intrinsic 616 " 617 style="max-width:1959px;" 618 > 619 620 621 622 623 624 <a 625 data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image-link 626 class=" 627 sqs-block-image-link 628 629 630 631 " 632 href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/448213" 633 target="_blank" 634 > 635 636 <div 637 638 639 class="image-block-wrapper" 640 data-animation-role="image" 641 642 643 644 > 645 <div data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image-container class="sqs-image-shape-container-element 646 647 648 649 has-aspect-ratio 650 " style=" 651 position: relative; 652 653 padding-bottom:70.64828491210938%; 654 655 overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black); 656 " 657 > 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 <img data-stretch="false" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/2f6504c3-57cf-44fc-a376-8f3aa24ba684/DP259579.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/2f6504c3-57cf-44fc-a376-8f3aa24ba684/DP259579.jpg" data-image-dimensions="1959x1384" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="" data-load="false" elementtiming="system-image-block" data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/2f6504c3-57cf-44fc-a376-8f3aa24ba684/DP259579.jpg" width="1959" height="1384" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 100vw" style="display:block;object-fit: cover; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-position: 50% 50%" onload="this.classList.add("loaded")" srcset="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/2f6504c3-57cf-44fc-a376-8f3aa24ba684/DP259579.jpg?format=100w 100w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/2f6504c3-57cf-44fc-a376-8f3aa24ba684/DP259579.jpg?format=300w 300w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/2f6504c3-57cf-44fc-a376-8f3aa24ba684/DP259579.jpg?format=500w 500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/2f6504c3-57cf-44fc-a376-8f3aa24ba684/DP259579.jpg?format=750w 750w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/2f6504c3-57cf-44fc-a376-8f3aa24ba684/DP259579.jpg?format=1000w 1000w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/2f6504c3-57cf-44fc-a376-8f3aa24ba684/DP259579.jpg?format=1500w 1500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/2f6504c3-57cf-44fc-a376-8f3aa24ba684/DP259579.jpg?format=2500w 2500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-loader="sqs"> 666 667 </div> 668 </div> 669 670 </a> 671 672 673 674
675 <figcaption data-sqsp-image-classic-block-caption-container class="image-caption-wrapper"> 676 <div class="image-caption"><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Kalamkari Rumal, c.1640-50, at The Met</p></div> 677 </figcaption> 678 679 680 </figure> 681 682 683 </div> 684 685 686 687 688 689 690</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1777989472010_23848"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 691 692<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 693 <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">I want to sit with that for a moment, because it is not simply an oversight. It reflects something about how the Gala and the museum operate as adjacent but non-communicating systems, and about whose art histories the âCostume Artâ frame actually encompasses. The spectacle of contemporary fashion and the archive of historical craft do not speak to each other, even when they are literally in the same building. The institutional knowledge that might have made that connection visible, that might have asked what it means for painted cloth to return to an institution that holds its predecessors, was not part of the eventâs frame. For an exhibition explicitly premised on illuminating connections between garments and the museumâs collections, that silence is telling.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">This is where I want to think carefully rather than simply celebrate, and where I find myself in the most difficulty.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The visibility these ensembles create is real. But visibility and legibility are not the same thing as redistribution, and there is a version of thisâone I am not sure we are not already watchingâwhere âartisan visibilityâ becomes luxury narrative, where naming workers is part of the value proposition of couture rather than a challenge to its structure. The named artisans appear within Malhotraâs authorship, within the branding apparatus of couture, within a global event whose gatekeeping mechanisms are themselves a form of capital. âFashion is Artâ is, among other things, a frame that increases the cultural and therefore economic value of the objects it certifies. Naming artisans within that frame does not necessarily interrupt it; it may simply make the luxury object more legible, more storied, more valuable.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The deeper structures remain not merely unaddressed but largely unaskable within the celebratory frame. Naming artisans does not tell us about the artist composition in embroidery workshops. For instance, caste/religion is not incidental here when thinking about artist since the organization of skilled craft labor in India has been and remains structured by it. Naming artisans does not tell us about wage hierarchies within subcontracting chains, or about the gap between the labor hours cited in press releases and what artisans are actually paid for them. It does not tell us how value flows across the production process, or whether visibility at the Met Gala translates into anything material for Vipin, Karim, Abdul, and Das. These questions are not answerable from the red carpet. But the work of asking themâpursued by journalists and researchers who cover artisan economies, by labor organizers in the garment sector, by craft historiansâexists, and the Galaâs frame does not acknowledge it. The ensembles open a door that the event structure immediately closes.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">I am also aware that writing this analysis performs its own kind of value extraction: I am using these garments, and by extension these artisans and their labor, to demonstrate a set of art-historical competencies. The kalamkari observation is genuinely mine, but it is also convenient for me in ways I should not pretend are neutral.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">None of this is reason to look awayâfrom the garments, or from the difficulty.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">What stays with me about both ensembles is that they refuse a certain simplification. They are not garments that flatten themselves for global readability. Instead, they insist on something the framing of âFashion is Artâ tends to suppress: that these objects were made, by specific people, drawing on specific traditions with specific histories, and that the making is not background but argument. The embroidery is not decorative accent; it is the argument. The Ravi Varma paintings are not backdrop; they are the subject-matter. Joharn and Malhotra did not wear abstracted âIndianâ aesthetic to the Met steps; they showcased specific iconographic traditions, specific content and techniques with a specific history chosen with enough care to repay close reading. Malhotra did not gesture at artisan labor; he made it structurally present within the garmentâs visual logic.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Now this is not structural change. It does not reach the caste hierarchies or the wage structures or the subcontracting chains. It does not resolve the irony of gesturing toward artisan communities within an event that now charges $100,000 a seat and counts tech billionaires among its underwriters. But within a context designed to transform everything into surfaceâincluding the âFashion is Artâ frame, which is also a way of aestheticizing things into palatabilityâthese ensembles insisted on depth: on histories of making and meaning that do not resolve completely into spectacle without remainder.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Whether those openings get used is a different question, and a harder one. I am not sure this essay answers it.</p> 694</div> 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720</div></div></div></div></div></div> 721 722 723 724 <!--POST FOOTER--> 725 726 <footer> 727 <div class="post-item-injection"></div> 728 <div class="entry-info"> 729
730 <span class="tags">Tags: <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Met+Gala#show-archive" rel="tag">Met Gala</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/The+Met#show-archive" rel="tag">The Met</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Fashion#show-archive" rel="tag">Fashion</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Textiles#show-archive" rel="tag">Textiles</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/India#show-archive" rel="tag">India</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Indian+Artisans#show-archive" rel="tag">Indian Artisans</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Global+Fashion#show-archive" rel="tag">Global Fashion</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Met+Gala+2026#show-archive" rel="tag">Met Gala 2026</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Karan+Johar#show-archive" rel="tag">Karan Johar</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Manish+Malhotra#show-archive" rel="tag">Manish Malhotra</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Fashion+Design#show-archive" rel="tag">Fashion Design</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Dress+History#show-archive" rel="tag">Dress History</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Raja+Ravi+Varma#show-archive" rel="tag">Raja Ravi Varma</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Kalamkari#show-archive" rel="tag">Kalamkari</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Chintz#show-archive" rel="tag">Chintz</a></span> 731 </div> 732 <div class="engagement"> 733 734 735 <a href="/textiles-talk/2026/5/making-labor-visible-wearing-india-loudly-craft-capital-and-contradiction-at-the-met-gala-2026#comments-placeholder" data-toggle-target="#comments-placeholder" class="comment-link"> 736 737 Comment 738 739 </a> 740 741 742 743 <span class="sqs-simple-like" data-item-id="69f9f59ceccb23323c9ae100" data-like-count="2"> 744 <span class="like-icon"></span> 745 <span class="like-count"></span> 746 </span> 747 748 <span class="squarespace-social-buttons inline-style" data-system-data-id="" data-asset-url="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57571f990442623f70715bd4/68f428859e277f2797b1a788/69f9f59ceccb23323c9ae100/1777991987466/" data-record-type="1" data-full-url="/textiles-talk/2026/5/making-labor-visible-wearing-india-loudly-craft-capital-and-contradiction-at-the-met-gala-2026" data-title="Wearing India Loudly: Karan Johar and Manish Malhotra at the Met Gala 2026"></span> 749 </div> 750 </footer> 751 752 753 </article> 754 <div class="post-divider"></div> 755 756 757 758<article class="hentry category-textiles category-weavers tag-calico tag-indian-weavers tag-textiles tag-history tag-art-history tag-dress-history tag-madras tag-17th-century tag-indi tag-british-east-india-company tag-indian-merchants author-deepthi-murali post-type-text article-index-2" id="article-690eaa8a62198d418f179c57" data-item-id="690eaa8a62198d418f179c57"> 759 760 <!--SPECIAL CONTENT--> 761 762 763 764 765 <!--POST HEADER--> 766 767 <header> 768 <h1 class="entry-title"> 769 770 <a href="/textiles-talk/a-1675-british-east-india-company-textile-workers-memorandum">"Unless we stand continually over them with rods in our hands...": Intimidating Indian Textile Workers in 17th Century</a> 771 772 </h1> 773 <div class="entry-info"> 774 <span class="published"><a href="/textiles-talk/a-1675-british-east-india-company-textile-workers-memorandum" title="Permalink" class="permalink"><time datetime="2025-11-07">November 07, 2025</time></a></span> 775 in <span class="category"><a href="/textiles-talk/category/Textiles" rel="tag">Textiles</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/category/Weavers" rel="tag">Weavers</a></span> 776 </div> 777 </header> 778 779 <!--POST BODY--> 780 781 <div class="body entry-content"><div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-layout-label="Post Body" data-type="item" data-updated-on="1762569880763" id="item-690eaa8a62198d418f179c57"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-81fab976c8b2bab3d125"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 782 783<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 784 <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">In the autumn of 1675, the East India Companyâs Agent and Council at Fort St. George drafted a letter brimming with frustration. <br><br>The <a href="https://mapacademy.io/article/calico/" target="_blank">calicoes</a> from Madras, they complained, had grown â<em>much thinner and of less body than formerly</em>.â<br>
784The merchants, they said, were â<em>a people so false and so addicted to deceit</em>.â<br>The weavers were careless; the washers â<em>have already felt the smart of the whip</em>.â</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Across its stiff bureaucratic English, this document reveals the use of violence to produce order but also frustration and anxiety â the anxiety of some white British men facing a brown world that refused to obey.</p> 785</div> 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811</div></div><div class="sqs-block image-block sqs-block-image" data-block-type="5" data-sqsp-block="image-classic" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762572660655_7714"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 <figure 859 class=" 860 sqs-block-image-figure 861 image-block-outer-wrapper 862 image-block-v2 863 design-layout-collage 864 combination-animation-none 865 individual-animation-none 866 individual-text-animation-none 867 image-position-left 868 image-linked 869 " 870 data-scrolled 871 data-test="image-block-v2-outer-wrapper" 872 data-sqsp-image-classic-block-layout="collage" 873 > 874 875 <div class="intrinsic"> 876 877 <a 878 data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image-link 879 href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calico_printing_Wellcome_L0011294.jpg" 880 target="_blank" 881 882 class=" 883 884 sqs-block-image-link 885 886 image-inset" 887 data-animation-role="image" 888 data-description="" 889 890 891 892 > 893 <div data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image-container class="sqs-image-shape-container-element 894 895 content-fit 896 897 " style=" 898 position: relative; 899 overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black); 900 901 "> 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 <img data-stretch="false" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/71edbf21-3d83-47a1-9414-2e7e78643301/Calico_printing_Wellcome_L0011294.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/71edbf21-3d83-47a1-9414-2e7e78643301/Calico_printing_Wellcome_L0011294.jpg" data-image-dimensions="1688x1184" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="" data-load="false" elementtiming="system-image-block" data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/71edbf21-3d83-47a1-9414-2e7e78643301/Calico_printing_Wellcome_L0011294.jpg" width="1688" height="1184" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 100vw" style="display:block;object-fit: contain;" onload="this.classList.add("loaded")" srcset="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/71edbf21-3d83-47a1-9414-2e7e78643301/Calico_printing_Wellcome_L0011294.jpg?format=100w 100w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/71edbf21-3d83-47a1-9414-2e7e78643301/Calico_printing_Wellcome_L0011294.jpg?format=300w 300w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/71edbf21-3d83-47a1-9414-2e7e78643301/Calico_printing_Wellcome_L0011294.jpg?format=500w 500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/71edbf21-3d83-47a1-9414-2e7e78643301/Calico_printing_Wellcome_L0011294.jpg?format=750w 750w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/71edbf21-3d83-47a1-9414-2e7e78643301/Calico_printing_Wellcome_L0011294.jpg?format=1000w 1000w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/71edbf21-3d83-47a1-9414-2e7e78643301/Calico_printing_Wellcome_L0011294.jpg?format=1500w 1500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/71edbf21-3d83-47a1-9414-2e7e78643301/Calico_printing_Wellcome_L0011294.jpg?format=2500w 2500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-loader="sqs"> 910 911 <div class="image-overlay" style="overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black);"></div> 912 </div> 913 914 </a> 915 916 917 </div> 918 919 920
921 <figcaption class="image-card-wrapper" data-width-ratio> 922 <div class="image-card sqs-dynamic-text-container" data-sqsp-image-classic-block-content-container> 923 924 925 <div class="image-title-wrapper" data-sqsp-image-classic-block-title><div class="image-title sqs-dynamic-text" 926 927 928><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Calico Printing in England, c. 1830s</p></div></div> 929 930 931 932 <div class="image-subtitle-wrapper" data-sqsp-image-classic-block-subtitle><div class="image-subtitle sqs-dynamic-text" 933 934 935><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Courtesy: Wellcome Collection, UK</p></div></div> 936 937 938 939 940 </div> 941 </figcaption> 942 943 944 </figure> 945 946 947 948 949 950 951</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762572660655_9048"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 952 953<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 954 <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>Sidebar:</strong> Calico means many different things so I did go down the rabbit hole to figure out what exactly Calico might mean in this 1675 record. <a href="https://www.deepthimurali.com/extras/2025/11/calico-in-pepys-london">And I found it here!</a></p><h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>Threads of Control</strong></h3><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The Councilâs response to Edward Terry, the factoryâs English overseer, is a catalog of managerial anxiety with a full serving of the trope of lazy and deceitful Indians they have to endure.<br> â<em>Unless we stand continually over them with rods in our hands,</em>â they wrote, â<em>they will not act honestly.</em>â<br> Every process in this record â weaving, dyeing, washing, packing â is transformed into a moral drama of obedience and deceit. But this insistence on discipline betrays the anxiety of a system depended on Indian artisans and middlemen whose knowledge, skill, and timing were beyond the Councilâs control.</p> 955</div> 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981</div></div><div class="sqs-block website-component-block sqs-block-website-component sqs-block-quote quote-block" data-block-css="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.quote/a8e4fe8e-43b0-47fa-9d42-5a9d32bf4ba7_803/website.components.quote.styles.css"]" data-block-scripts="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.quote/a8e4fe8e-43b0-47fa-9d42-5a9d32bf4ba7_803/website.components.quote.visitor.js"]" data-block-type="1337" data-definition-name="website.components.quote" data-sqsp-block="quote" data-website-component-id="yui_3_17_2_1_1762568822657_24771" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762568822657_24771"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 982 983 984<figure class="sqs-quote-block-contents block-animation-none"> 985 <blockquote data-animation-role="quote" 986 > 987 <span>â</span>We have often treated with the merchants, weavers, and washers, exhorting them to perform their several duties faithfully, and have severely punished such as we found faulty⦠but they are a people so false and so addicted to deceit, that unless we stand continually over them with rods in our hands, they will not act honestly.<span>â</span> 988 </blockquote> 989 <figcaption class="source">— IOR/G/19/1 Part 5, p. 55, 1675 British East India Company Records, British Library</figcaption> 990 991 992 993 994</figure> 995 996 997 998 999<style id="container-styles">#block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762568822657_24771 { 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 } 1007 1008 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762568822657_24771 { 1009 1010 padding: var(--tweak-quote-block-padding); 1011 1012} 1013 1014 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762568822657_24771 { 1015 mix-blend-mode: var(--tweak-quote-block-blend); 1016 border-radius: var(--tweak-quote-block-radius); 1017 } 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762568822657_24771 { 1028 } 1029 1030</style> 1031 1032<style id="override-container-styles"> 1033 @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { 1034 1035 1036 1037#block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762568822657_24771 { 1038 1039 } 1040 } 1041 1042 1043 @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { 1044 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762568822657_24771 { 1045 1046 } 1047 } 1048 1049 @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 }</style> 1057 1058 <style class="transform-overrides-vars"> 1059 1060</style> 1061 1062 1063</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762568822657_23984"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1064 1065<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 1066 <h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>Cleverness</strong></h3><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Even as the letter rails against deceit, it admits that the weavers and merchants â<em>have taken all advantages of time and opportunity to advance the price of their yarn and labour</em>.â</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">To me it appears that the artisans understood the rhythms of the market and the vulnerability of European buyers. Perhaps by adjusting production, claiming âscarcity of cottonâ or âwant of weavers,â they manipulated price and pace in ways that safeguarded their autonomy. They were, in effect shaping global textile flows long before industrial
1066capitalism claimed that genius as its own.</p><h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>Colonial Morality and the Language of Deceit</strong></h3><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The repetition of âfalse,â âidle,â âdeceitfulâ is less a description of behavior than an assertion of power. In my opinion, the British East India Company (EIC) imposed their own moral lexicon to recast negotiation as treachery. The visualization below shows exactly how many times words attached to an honor code or moral behavior is mentioned in this document that is roughly about 5 full (plano) foolscap papers long.</p> 1067</div> 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093</div></div><div class="sqs-block image-block sqs-block-image" data-block-type="5" data-sqsp-block="image-classic" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762568822657_22013"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 <div 1141 class=" 1142 image-block-outer-wrapper 1143 layout-caption-below 1144 design-layout-inline 1145 combination-animation-none 1146 individual-animation-none 1147 individual-text-animation-none 1148 " 1149 data-test="image-block-inline-outer-wrapper" 1150 data-sqsp-image-classic-block-layout="inline" 1151 > 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 <figure 1157 class=" 1158 sqs-block-image-figure 1159 intrinsic 1160 " 1161 style="max-width:2500px;" 1162 > 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 <div 1171 1172 1173 class="image-block-wrapper" 1174 data-animation-role="image" 1175 1176 1177 1178 > 1179 <div data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image-container class="sqs-image-shape-container-element 1180 1181 1182 1183 has-aspect-ratio 1184 " style=" 1185 position: relative; 1186 1187 padding-bottom:56.36000061035156%; 1188 1189 overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black); 1190 " 1191 > 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 <img data-stretch="false" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/15426255-0ac4-4ee5-aa0a-7399c82ac102/EIC_Madras_1675_Moral_Vocab_Frequency.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/15426255-0ac4-4ee5-aa0a-7399c82ac102/EIC_Madras_1675_Moral_Vocab_Frequency.png" data-image-dimensions="2500x1409" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="" data-load="false" elementtiming="system-image-block" data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/15426255-0ac4-4ee5-aa0a-7399c82ac102/EIC_Madras_1675_Moral_Vocab_Frequency.png" width="2500" height="1409" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 100vw" style="display:block;object-fit: cover; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-position: 50% 50%" onload="this.classList.add("loaded")" srcset="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/15426255-0ac4-4ee5-aa0a-7399c82ac102/EIC_Madras_1675_Moral_Vocab_Frequency.png?format=100w 100w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/15426255-0ac4-4ee5-aa0a-7399c82ac102/EIC_Madras_1675_Moral_Vocab_Frequency.png?format=300w 300w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/15426255-0ac4-4ee5-aa0a-7399c82ac102/EIC_Madras_1675_Moral_Vocab_Frequency.png?format=500w 500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/15426255-0ac4-4ee5-aa0a-7399c82ac102/EIC_Madras_1675_Moral_Vocab_Frequency.png?format=750w 750w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/15426255-0ac4-4ee5-aa0a-7399c82ac102/EIC_Madras_1675_Moral_Vocab_Frequency.png?format=1000w 1000w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/15426255-0ac4-4ee5-aa0a-7399c82ac102/EIC_Madras_1675_Moral_Vocab_Frequency.png?format=1500w 1500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/15426255-0ac4-4ee5-aa0a-7399c82ac102/EIC_Madras_1675_Moral_Vocab_Frequency.png?format=2500w 2500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-loader="sqs"> 1200 1201 </div> 1202 </div> 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208
1209 <figcaption data-sqsp-image-classic-block-caption-container class="image-caption-wrapper"> 1210 <div class="image-caption"><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Moral and disciplinary vocabulary in the 1675 British East India Company document (please do not reproduce this image without permission)</p></div> 1211 </figcaption> 1212 1213 1214 </figure> 1215 1216 1217 </div> 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762568822657_22416"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1225 1226<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 1227 <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">When the Council ordered that â<em>the Companyâs mark be struck only by the warehouse keeper in presence of two witnesses,</em>â they sought not quality but control â to erase the old circuits of trust that had governed textile exchange for centuries. Where local trade relied on relationships, memory, and credit, the Company introduced signatures, seals, and punishment; the tools of a surveillance economy.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">But what if what the Company read as dishonesty was, in fact, something else? </p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">When the Council complained that the merchants â<em>have taken all advantages of time and opportunity to advance the price of their yarn and labour, pretending scarcity of cotton and want of weavers, though we know the contrary,</em>â might this not suggest an older rhythm of commerce â one attuned to monsoon, credit, and caste, rather than to the clock and the ledger? When Edward Terry noted that the merchants â<em>plead & remembrance of their contract with your Honours,</em>â could it be that he was witnessing a different kind of contract altogether, one rooted in mutual obligation and reputation rather than fixed-price exchange? And when the weavers mixed different grades of cotton or paced their production unevenly, were they really being â<em>careless</em>,â or simply working according to environmental knowledge and inherited craft systems that the English failed to grasp? The constant refrain of â<em>false</em>,â â<em>idle,</em>â and â<em>deceitful</em>â perhaps tells us less about the artisansâ moral character and more about the Companyâs discomfort before a market it could not encode to its wishes and perhaps a local economy that operated by its own logics of trust, time, and texture.</p><h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>The Politics of Quality</strong></h3><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The Companyâs repeated complaint about âthin clothâ feels, on the surface, like a matter of quality control, but it really signals something larger. In calling for <em>âcallicoes⦠more substantial than those of former years,â</em> they werenât simply asking for better workmanship. They were trying to define what counted as good, honest labor. âQualityâ became a way to talk about control: a language through which to police bodies, assign blame, and justify intervention. A flaw in the weave could be read as a flaw in character; a delay in curing cloth as a sign of laziness. In the name of improvement, the EIC factory remade itself as a kind of moral workshop, where every bolt of cotton could testify not just to skill, but to obedience and, even, morality.</p><h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>Resistance in Routine?</strong></h3><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">At the close of the letter, the Council recorded the names of twenty-nine merchants and master weavers. Some of the names recorded were âMoodoo Naigue, Lutchmee Chetty, Narayana Chetty, Appa Naigue, Ramasamy Chetty.â These men, the Company claimed, â<em>promised to observe the Honourable Companyâs orders.</em>â</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Read literally, it sounds like submission.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">It makes one wonder if these merchants and weavers knew what they were signing. That they were signing a record confirming not just a textile production contract but also their purported immoral behavior and their corruption. Their names in this document marks presence rather than obedience, because in later years too these types of complaints were levied on merchants by generations of EIC officials. </p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Every directive in this 1675 document â <em>view all cloth in the white</em>, <em>whip the washers</em>, <em>restrain the dyers</em> â reveals how deeply the empire depended on the people it sought to discipline. Each repetition of âorderâ testifies to disorder, each attempt at control to the artisansâ quiet refusal to be mechanized without physical and monetary coercion and surveillance. </p> 1228</div> 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254</div></div><div class="sqs-block website-component-block sqs-block-website-component sqs-block-horizontalrule horizontalrule-block" data-block-css="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.horizontalrule/b2ae5309-7f25-4be1-8ed6-390543893b1f_324/website.components.horizontalrule.styles.css"]" data-block-scripts="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.horizontalrule/b2ae5309-7f25-4be1-8ed6-390543893b1f_324/website.components.horizontalrule.visitor.js"]" data-block-type="1337" data-definition-name="website.components.horizontalrule" data-sqsp-block="line" data-website-component-id="yui_3_17_2_1_1762572660655_28714" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762572660655_28714"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1255 1256 1257 1258<div> 1259 <hr /> 1260 1261 <style class="transform-overrides-vars"> 1262 1263</style> 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270</div> 1271</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1762572660655_28087"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1272 1273<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 1274 <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>Preferred Citation:</strong> Deepthi Murali, â<em>âUnless We Stand Continually over Them with Rods in Our Hands...â: Intimidating Indian Textile Workers in 17th Century</em>,â <em>DeepthiMurali.com</em>, [date accessed], <a href="https://www.deepthimurali.com/textiles-talk/
1274a-1675-british-east-india-company-textile-workers-memorandum" target="_blank">www.deepthimurali.com/textiles-talk/a-1675-british-east-india-company-textile-workers-memorandum</a></p> 1275</div> 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301</div></div></div></div></div></div> 1302 1303 1304 1305 <!--POST FOOTER--> 1306 1307 <footer> 1308 <div class="post-item-injection"></div> 1309 <div class="entry-info"> 1310 1311 <span class="tags">Tags: <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Calico#show-archive" rel="tag">Calico</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Indian+Weavers#show-archive" rel="tag">Indian Weavers</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Textiles#show-archive" rel="tag">Textiles</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/History#show-archive" rel="tag">History</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Art+History#show-archive" rel="tag">Art History</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Dress+History#show-archive" rel="tag">Dress History</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Madras#show-archive" rel="tag">Madras</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/17th+Century#show-archive" rel="tag">17th Century</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Indi#show-archive" rel="tag">Indi</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/British+East+India+Company#show-archive" rel="tag">British East India Company</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Indian+Merchants#show-archive" rel="tag">Indian Merchants</a></span> 1312 </div> 1313 <div class="engagement"> 1314 1315 1316 <a href="/textiles-talk/a-1675-british-east-india-company-textile-workers-memorandum#comments-placeholder" data-toggle-target="#comments-placeholder" class="comment-link"> 1317 1318 Comment 1319 1320 </a> 1321 1322 1323 1324 <span class="sqs-simple-like" data-item-id="690eaa8a62198d418f179c57" data-like-count="0"> 1325 <span class="like-icon"></span> 1326 <span class="like-count"></span> 1327 </span> 1328 1329 <span class="squarespace-social-buttons inline-style" data-system-data-id="" data-asset-url="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57571f990442623f70715bd4/68f428859e277f2797b1a788/690eaa8a62198d418f179c57/1762574176713/" data-record-type="1" data-full-url="/textiles-talk/a-1675-british-east-india-company-textile-workers-memorandum" data-title=""Unless we stand continually over them with rods in our hands...": Intimidating Indian Textile Workers in 17th Century"></span> 1330 </div> 1331 </footer> 1332 1333 1334 </article> 1335 <div class="post-divider"></div> 1336 1337 1338 1339<article class="hentry category-textiles category-connecting-threads tag-madras tag-lungi tag-textiles tag-cotton tag-checked-textiles tag-madras-handkerchief tag-portuguese tag-india tag-goa tag-dress-history tag-history tag-art-history tag-indian-weavers tag-connecting-threads author-deepthi-murali post-type-text article-index-3" id="article-68fbe2f93147c046b76adba7" data-item-id="68fbe2f93147c046b76adba7"> 1340 1341 <!--SPECIAL CONTENT--> 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 <!--POST HEADER--> 1347 1348 <header> 1349 <h1 class="entry-title"> 1350 1351 <a href="/textiles-talk/2025/10/october-art-focus-a-lungi-in-a-17th-century-portuguese-painting">October Art Focus: A Lungi in a 17th Century Portuguese Painting</a> 1352 1353 </h1> 1354 <div class="entry-info"> 1355 <span class="published"><a href="/textiles-talk/2025/10/october-art-focus-a-lungi-in-a-17th-century-portuguese-painting" title="Permalink" class="permalink"><time datetime="2025-10-24">October 24, 2025</time></a></span> 1356 in <span class="category"><a href="/textiles-talk/category/Textiles" rel="tag">Textiles</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/category/Connecting Threads" rel="tag">Connecting Threads</a></span> 1357 </div> 1358 </header> 1359 1360 <!--POST BODY--> 1361 1362 <div class="body entry-content"><div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-layout-label="Post Body" data-type="item" data-updated-on="1761338191058" id="item-68fbe2f93147c046b76adba7"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12"><div class="sqs-block website-component-block sqs-block-website-component sqs-block-horizontalrule horizontalrule-block" data-block-css="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.horizontalrule/b2ae5309-7f25-4be1-8ed6-390543893b1f_324/website.components.horizontalrule.styles.css"]" data-block-scripts="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.horizontalrule/b2ae5309-7f25-4be1-8ed6-390543893b1f_324/website.components.horizontalrule.visitor.js"]" data-block-type="1337" data-definition-name="website.components.horizontalrule" data-sqsp-block="line" data-website-component-id="yui_3_17_2_1_1761359253268_15619" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761359253268_15619"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1363 1364 1365 1366<div> 1367 <hr /> 1368 1369 <style class="transform-overrides-vars"> 1370 1371</style> 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378</div> 1379</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-9b3ca2979bb16accd70b"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1380 1381<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 1382 <h2 style="text-align:center;white-space:pre-wrap;">Spot the figure in the lungi in the painting below </h2> 1383</div> 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409</div></div><div class="sqs-block website-component-block sqs-block-website-component sqs-block-horizontalrule horizontalrule-block" data-block-css="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.horizontalrule/b2ae5309-7f25-4be1-8ed6-390543893b1f_324/website.components.horizontalrule.styles.css"]" data-block-scripts="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.horizontalrule/b2ae5309-7f25-4be1-8ed6-390543893b1f_324/website.components.horizontalrule.visitor.js"]" data-block-type="1337" data-definition-name="website.components.horizontalrule" data-sqsp-block="line" data-website-component-id="yui_3_17_2_1_1761359253268_16049" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761359253268_16049"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1410 1411 1412 1413<div> 1414 <hr /> 1415 1416 <style class="transform-overrides-vars"> 1417 1418</style> 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425</div> 1426</div></div><div class="sqs-block image-block sqs-block-image" data-block-type="5" data-sqsp-block="image-classic" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761338192020_3622"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 <div 1474 class=" 1475 image-block-outer-wrapper 1476 layout-caption-below 1477 design-layout-inline 1478 combination-animation-none 1479 individual-animation-none 1480 individual-text-animation-none 1481 " 1482 data-test="image-block-inline-outer-wrapper" 1483 data-sqsp-image-classic-block-layout="inline" 1484 > 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 <figure 1490 class=" 1491 sqs-block-image-figure 1492 intrinsic 1493 " 1494 style="max-width:1200px;" 1495 > 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 <a 1502 data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image-link 1503 class=" 1504 sqs-block-image-link 1505 1506 1507 1508 " 1509 href="https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/lQHX7bRtEjMvsQ?hl=en" 1510 target="_blank" 1511 > 1512 1513 <div 1514 1515 1516 class="image-block-wrapper" 1517 data-animation-role="image" 1518 1519 1520 1521 > 1522 <div data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image-container class="sqs-image-shape-container-element 1523 1524 1525 1526 has-aspect-ratio 1527 " style=" 1528 position: relative; 1529 1530 padding-bottom:61.41666793823242%; 1531 1532 overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black); 1533 " 1534 > 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 <img data-stretch="false" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/ab02ee45-4f1c-4256-a7be-379b51c3c173/St.+Francis+Xavier+in+Goa_1610_painting.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/ab02ee45-4f1c-4256-a7be-379b51c3c173/St.+Francis+Xavier+in+Goa_1610_painting.jpg" data-image-dimensions="1200x737" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="" data-load="false" elementtiming="system-image-block" data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/ab02ee45-4f1c-4256-a7be-379b51c3c173/St.+Francis+Xavier+in+Goa_1610_painting.jpg" width="1200" height="737" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100v
1542w, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 100vw" style="display:block;object-fit: cover; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-position: 50% 50%" onload="this.classList.add("loaded")" srcset="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/ab02ee45-4f1c-4256-a7be-379b51c3c173/St.+Francis+Xavier+in+Goa_1610_painting.jpg?format=100w 100w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/ab02ee45-4f1c-4256-a7be-379b51c3c173/St.+Francis+Xavier+in+Goa_1610_painting.jpg?format=300w 300w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/ab02ee45-4f1c-4256-a7be-379b51c3c173/St.+Francis+Xavier+in+Goa_1610_painting.jpg?format=500w 500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/ab02ee45-4f1c-4256-a7be-379b51c3c173/St.+Francis+Xavier+in+Goa_1610_painting.jpg?format=750w 750w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/ab02ee45-4f1c-4256-a7be-379b51c3c173/St.+Francis+Xavier+in+Goa_1610_painting.jpg?format=1000w 1000w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/ab02ee45-4f1c-4256-a7be-379b51c3c173/St.+Francis+Xavier+in+Goa_1610_painting.jpg?format=1500w 1500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/ab02ee45-4f1c-4256-a7be-379b51c3c173/St.+Francis+Xavier+in+Goa_1610_painting.jpg?format=2500w 2500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-loader="sqs"> 1543 1544 </div> 1545 </div> 1546 1547 </a> 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 <figcaption data-sqsp-image-classic-block-caption-container class="image-caption-wrapper"> 1553 <div class="image-caption"><p class="" data-rte-preserve-empty="true" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Saint Francis Xavier Preaching in Goa, André Reinoso, 1610, Lisbon, Portugal, Museu de São Roque/Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa</p></div> 1554 </figcaption> 1555 1556 1557 </figure> 1558 1559 1560 </div> 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761338192020_4796"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1568 1569<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 1570 <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">In the early seventeenth century, Portuguese painter André Reinoso created <a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/lQHX7bRtEjMvsQ?hl=en" target="_blank"><em>Saint Francis Xavier Preaching in Goa</em></a>âone of twenty canvases narrating the life of the Jesuit missionary whose journeys popularized Christianity across Asia. Painted around 1610 (may be a little later), for the Jesuit Church of São Roque in Lisbon, the work reflects the fervent missionary spirit and global reach of early modern Catholicism.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Reinosoâs scene imagines a moment in Goa, then the heart of Portugalâs Indian Ocean empire. Saint Francis Xavier stands at the center, arm raised, addressing a crowd that includes Indian listeners in vivid dress, children gathered at his feet, and Portuguese soldiers and nobles on horseback. Though the artist never visited India, his rendering of costume and setting reveals a fascination with ethnographic detailâan attempt to visualize the âexoticâ world of the East for European viewers.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">In Lisbon, these paintings served both as devotional tools and as propaganda for Jesuit missionary triumphs abroad. </p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">For me the most fascinating elements of this painting are of course the variety of textiles displayed. While Reinoso never visited India, Indian textiles were abundantly available in Lisbon at this time and I wonder if he may have sourced some of these textiles locally to use as samples in this painting. In any case, because I work with checked cotton textiles, I was excited to notice the lungi depicted here. </p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">On the far right, closest to the viewer, stands a man in a lazy contrapposto posture, arm around waist gently resting on the top fold of his single wrap lungi. </p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The <em>lungi</em>âa simple, woven wrap of cottonâhas been an essential garment in South India for centuries. Worn by men and women across Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and other parts of South India, it functions as both workwear and leisurewear, prized for its comfort in the tropical climate. Woven in local handloom centers in South India as well as in western India and Bengal, lungis are recognizable by their bold, yarn-dyed checks and stripes.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">In the painting, the lungi is shown for what it is â the humble everyday wear of the working classes. It is easily identifiable and distinguishable not only as a textile but as a way to delineate the class structuring of the painting: the people to the left side of the Francis Xavier are Indians, to the right are Portuguese or Luso-Indian. The lungi-wearing man carries a nice dagger that is pushed into the waist of the lungi. </p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">My second favorite element in the painting are the boisterous children in the middle not quite interested in the preaching and being disciplined by another missionary.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">The details are so well-done in this painting and I have to remind myself that none of these paintings are documentary in its nature.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Curator John Guy talks about this painting briefly in a chapter about the very early globalization of the Indian textilesâ styles. He confirms that while not ethnographic, all these textiles you see people wearing in this painting are accurately portrayed. The book is available to <a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/met-publications/interwoven-globe-the-worldwide-textile-trade-1500-1800" target="_blank">read in full online</a>. </p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Indeed, if you are familiar with the lungi, a black and white checked cotton lungi is something that is still worn in India today.</p> 1571</div> 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597</div></div><div class="sqs-block gallery-block sqs-block-gallery" data-block-json="{"existingGallery":null,"hSize":null,"newWindow":false,"floatDir":null,"methodOption":"transient","aspect-ratio":"widescreen","aspectRatio":null,"auto-crop":true,"blockAnimation":"none","collectionId":"68fc339743b4033fdf7bf627","design":"grid","lightbox":false,"padding":20,"show-meta":true,"show-meta-basic":true,"show-meta-only-title":false,"show-meta-only-description":false,"square-thumbs":true,"thumbnails-per-row":2,"vSize":null,"transientGalleryId":"68fc339743b4033fdf7bf627"}" data-block-type="8" data-sqsp-block="gallery" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761358621575_13199"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605<div class=" 1606 sqs-gallery-container 1607 sqs-gallery-block-grid 1608 sqs-gallery-aspect-ratio-widescreen
1609 sqs-gallery-thumbnails-per-row-2 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 sqs-gallery-block-show-meta 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 block-animation-none 1626 clear" 1627 1628 1629> 1630 <div class="sqs-gallery"> 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 <div class="slide" data-type="image" data-animation-role="image"> 1641 <div class="margin-wrapper"> 1642 1643 <a 1644 1645 1646 role="presentation" 1647 1648 1649 1650 aria-label="" 1651 1652 class=" 1653 image-slide-anchor 1654 1655 content-fill 1656 " 1657 > 1658 1659 <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1761358744587-BKFFH9YOFI4XM5XBHFF5/reinoso+.png" alt="reinoso .png" /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-grid" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1761358744587-BKFFH9YOFI4XM5XBHFF5/reinoso+.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1761358744587-BKFFH9YOFI4XM5XBHFF5/reinoso+.png" data-image-dimensions="331x730" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="reinoso .png" data-load="false" data-image-id="68fc3397df37aa46c6be6843" data-type="image" /> 1660 </a> 1661 1662 </div> 1663 </div> 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 <div class="slide" data-type="image" data-animation-role="image"> 1678 <div class="margin-wrapper"> 1679 1680 <a 1681 1682 1683 href="https://www.cavanimages.com/image/746623/four-men-wearing-plaid-and-striped-western-shirts-and-lungi-stand-outside-a-shop-and-look-pensively-directly-into-camera-and-around-the-streets-in-varkala-kerala-india" 1684 1685 1686 1687 aria-label="" 1688 1689 class=" 1690 image-slide-anchor 1691 1692 content-fill 1693 " 1694 > 1695 1696 <noscript><img src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1761358819768-MP239AVVE8FC7DZ9N39V/746623_main.jpg" alt="746623_main.jpg" /></noscript><img class="thumb-image" elementtiming="system-gallery-block-grid" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1761358819768-MP239AVVE8FC7DZ9N39V/746623_main.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1761358819768-MP239AVVE8FC7DZ9N39V/746623_main.jpg" data-image-dimensions="400x550" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="746623_main.jpg" data-load="false" data-image-id="68fc33973e966202335374fc" data-type="image" /> 1697 </a> 1698 1699 </div> 1700 </div> 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 </div> 1709 1710 1711 1712</div> 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717<style type="text/css" id="design-grid-css"> 1718#block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761358621575_13199 .sqs-gallery-block-grid .sqs-gallery-design-grid { margin-right: -20px; } 1719#block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761358621575_13199 .sqs-gallery-block-grid .sqs-gallery-design-grid-slide .margin-wrapper { margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; } 1720</style> 1721 1722 1723 1724</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761358621575_13268"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1725 1726<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 1727 <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Though humble, the lungiâs history traces deep cultural and trade connections across the Indian Ocean. Its checked patterns and tubular form link it to a family of wrap garmentsâincluding the Burmese <em>longyi</em> and Malay <em>sarong</em>âthat circulated through maritime exchange since early medieval times. By the eighteenth century, similar South Indian checked cottons were shipped worldwide as âMadras,â shaping fashion far beyond the subcontinent.</p><blockquote><h3 style="text-align:center;white-space:pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.connectingthreads.co.uk" target="_blank">If you are curious about the use of Madras checks in the world, check out my collaborative digital history project <br><em>Connecting Threads: Fashioning Madras in the Caribbean.</em></a></h3></blockquote><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">In South India today, the lungi remains both a marker of local identity and a living textile traditionâadapted by powerloom and handloom weavers alike, bridging the ordinary and the global in a single piece of cloth.</p> 1728</div> 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761360387406_19119"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1755 1756<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 1757 <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>Recommended Reading:</strong> Andrews, Jean. 2023. <em>The Canonization of St Francis Xavier in Spanish Habsburg Lands: A Poetry Challenge in Madrid, Sacristy Paintings by André Reinoso in Lisbon and an Altarpiece by Pieter Pawel Rubens
1757in Antwerp.</em> Religions 14, no. 12: 1505.</p> 1758</div> 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784</div></div></div></div></div></div> 1785 1786 1787 1788 <!--POST FOOTER--> 1789 1790 <footer> 1791 <div class="post-item-injection"></div> 1792 <div class="entry-info"> 1793 1794 <span class="tags">Tags: <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Madras#show-archive" rel="tag">Madras</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Lungi#show-archive" rel="tag">Lungi</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Textiles#show-archive" rel="tag">Textiles</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Cotton#show-archive" rel="tag">Cotton</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Checked+Textiles#show-archive" rel="tag">Checked Textiles</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Madras+Handkerchief#show-archive" rel="tag">Madras Handkerchief</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Portuguese#show-archive" rel="tag">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/India#show-archive" rel="tag">India</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Goa#show-archive" rel="tag">Goa</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Dress+History#show-archive" rel="tag">Dress History</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/History#show-archive" rel="tag">History</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Art+History#show-archive" rel="tag">Art History</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Indian+Weavers#show-archive" rel="tag">Indian Weavers</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Connecting+Threads#show-archive" rel="tag">Connecting Threads</a></span> 1795 </div> 1796 <div class="engagement"> 1797 1798 1799 <a href="/textiles-talk/2025/10/october-art-focus-a-lungi-in-a-17th-century-portuguese-painting#comments-placeholder" data-toggle-target="#comments-placeholder" class="comment-link"> 1800 1801 Comment 1802 1803 </a> 1804 1805 1806 1807 <span class="sqs-simple-like" data-item-id="68fbe2f93147c046b76adba7" data-like-count="0"> 1808 <span class="like-icon"></span> 1809 <span class="like-count"></span> 1810 </span> 1811 1812 <span class="squarespace-social-buttons inline-style" data-system-data-id="" data-asset-url="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57571f990442623f70715bd4/68f428859e277f2797b1a788/68fbe2f93147c046b76adba7/1761360515672/" data-record-type="1" data-full-url="/textiles-talk/2025/10/october-art-focus-a-lungi-in-a-17th-century-portuguese-painting" data-title="October Art Focus: A Lungi in a 17th Century Portuguese Painting"></span> 1813 </div> 1814 </footer> 1815 1816 1817 </article> 1818 <div class="post-divider"></div> 1819 1820 1821 1822<article class="hentry category-textiles category-weavers tag-textiles tag-india tag-chennai tag-history tag-indian-weavers author-deepthi-murali post-type-text article-index-4" id="article-68f42899f158361972aa297f" data-item-id="68f42899f158361972aa297f"> 1823 1824 <!--SPECIAL CONTENT--> 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 <!--POST HEADER--> 1830 1831 <header> 1832 <h1 class="entry-title"> 1833 1834 <a href="/textiles-talk/2025/10/did-you-know-the-area-of-chintadripet-in-chennai-was-founded-by-tamil-weavers">Did you know the area of Chintadripet in Chennai was founded by Tamil weavers?</a> 1835 1836 </h1> 1837 <div class="entry-info"> 1838 <span class="published"><a href="/textiles-talk/2025/10/did-you-know-the-area-of-chintadripet-in-chennai-was-founded-by-tamil-weavers" title="Permalink" class="permalink"><time datetime="2025-10-18">October 18, 2025</time></a></span> 1839 in <span class="category"><a href="/textiles-talk/category/Textiles" rel="tag">Textiles</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/category/Weavers" rel="tag">Weavers</a></span> 1840 </div> 1841 </header> 1842 1843 <!--POST BODY--> 1844 1845 <div class="body entry-content"><div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-layout-label="Post Body" data-type="item" data-updated-on="1760832156553" id="item-68f42899f158361972aa297f"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-8 span-8"><div class="sqs-block image-block sqs-block-image" data-block-type="5" data-sqsp-block="image-classic" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1760831570231_62827"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 <div 1893 class=" 1894 image-block-outer-wrapper 1895 layout-caption-below 1896 design-layout-inline 1897 combination-animation-none 1898 individual-animation-none 1899 individual-text-animation-none 1900 " 1901 data-test="image-block-inline-outer-wrapper" 1902 data-sqsp-image-classic-block-layout="inline" 1903 > 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 <figure 1909 class=" 1910 sqs-block-image-figure 1911 intrinsic 1912 " 1913 style="max-width:1734px;" 1914 > 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 <div 1923 1924 1925 class="image-block-wrapper" 1926 data-animation-role="image" 1927 1928 1929 1930 > 1931 <div data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image-container class="sqs-image-shape-container-element 1932 1933 1934 1935 has-aspect-ratio 1936 " style=" 1937 position: relative; 1938 1939 padding-bottom:76.3552474975586%; 1940 1941 overflow: hidden;-webkit-mask-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(white, black); 1942 " 1943 > 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 <img data-stretch="false" data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/de3be36b-701c-4e19-a127-035b5aa7bbfe/Page_085_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/de3be36b-701c-4e19-a127-035b5aa7bbfe/Page_085_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png" data-image-dimensions="1734x1324" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="" data-load="false" elementtiming="system-image-block" data-sqsp-image-classic-block-image src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/de3be36b-701c-4e19-a127-035b5aa7bbfe/Page_085_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png" width="1734" height="1324" alt="" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100v
1951w, (max-width: 767px) 66.66666666666666vw, 66.66666666666666vw" style="display:block;object-fit: cover; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-position: 50% 50%" onload="this.classList.add("loaded")" srcset="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/de3be36b-701c-4e19-a127-035b5aa7bbfe/Page_085_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png?format=100w 100w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/de3be36b-701c-4e19-a127-035b5aa7bbfe/Page_085_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png?format=300w 300w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/de3be36b-701c-4e19-a127-035b5aa7bbfe/Page_085_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png?format=500w 500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/de3be36b-701c-4e19-a127-035b5aa7bbfe/Page_085_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png?format=750w 750w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/de3be36b-701c-4e19-a127-035b5aa7bbfe/Page_085_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png?format=1000w 1000w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/de3be36b-701c-4e19-a127-035b5aa7bbfe/Page_085_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png?format=1500w 1500w, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/de3be36b-701c-4e19-a127-035b5aa7bbfe/Page_085_Life_in_India_or_Madras%2C_the_Neilgherries%2C_and_Calcutta.png?format=2500w 2500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-loader="sqs"> 1952 1953 </div> 1954 </div> 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 <figcaption data-sqsp-image-classic-block-caption-container class="image-caption-wrapper"> 1962 <div class="image-caption"><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">An illustration from an 1850 book â<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_in_India_or_Madras,_the_Neilgherries,_and_Calcutta.djvu">Life in India or Madras, the Neilgherries, and Calcutta</a>â by John Welsh Dulles showing a temple in Chintadripet, Chennai.</p></div> 1963 </figcaption> 1964 1965 1966 </figure> 1967 1968 1969 </div> 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-2450cfddaa79bc54c777"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 1977 1978<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 1979 <p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">If youâve ever driven past the narrow lanes of Chintadripet in central Chennai â now lined with hardware shops, workshops, and temples â youâre passing through what was once one of the earliest planned textile villages in colonial South India.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">In the mid-eighteenth century, the East India Company called it <strong>Chindadry Petta</strong>. But it was founded not by British officials, but by <strong>Tamil weavers</strong> who built it, managed it, and gave it life.</p><h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>A Village of Looms and Promises</strong></h3><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Around the 1730s, Company officials at Fort St. George decided to finance a village for textile production. They wanted a site where weavers could be organized, monitored, and financed for export work, a kind of proto-industrial settlement designed to feed Europeâs hunger for Indian cotton. To make this happen, they turned to two local men: <strong>Narryn</strong> and <strong>Chintomboy </strong>(Naran and Chinnatampi in Tamil I presume), hereditary weavers who were brothers. They were promised privileges: tax exemptions, freedom to manage their affairs, and a small grant of 300 pagodas to build houses for the weavers. These privileges were the same as the Company provided their father <strong>Timan. </strong></p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Their efforts succeeded. The new settlement, called <strong>Chindadry Petta </strong>in British East India Company records, soon hummed with over <strong>600 looms</strong> producing chintz, moorees, and ginghams. Every piece of textile from this village when exp
1979orted bore a stamped mark: <em>âChindadry Petta.â </em>But Chindadry Petta wasnât just a Company worksite. It was a community. The brother built temples for weavers who settled there to worship at and tanks to help with cloth washing and other needs. They convinced nearby merchants to contribute annual donations for religious upkeep, and even obtained a <strong>parwana</strong> from the Nawab of Carnatic, Safdar Ali Khan, thus guaranteeing a steady allowance for the temples.</p><h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>War, Loss, and a Plea</strong></h3><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Then came the <strong>French attack on Madras</strong> in 1746 in the First Carnatic War. Chindadry Petta was plundered. Warehouses were looted, <strong>cloth worth thousands of pagodas</strong> was destroyed, and homes and temples were burned.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">When peace returned, the sons of the two founder brothers, <strong>Jaggoo and Chengalroyah</strong>, submitted a petition to the British Deputy Governor in 1750. Their fathers, they wrote, had âtaken great troubleâ to make the village flourish. They had borrowed money to pay weavers and keep the looms running even during crisis.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Now everything was gone.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">They asked for recognition, and for compensation for the losses âtheir fathers sustained by the loss of Madras.â Their words are deferential, yet deeply human: a quiet record of artisans trying to rebuild after empireâs wars.</p><h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>A Living Legacy</strong></h3><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Nearly three centuries later, Chintadripet still bears the traces of that history. The old temples of Siva and Perumal, the grid-like street plan, and the enduring presence of small-scale workshops all echo its origins as a planned weaving quarter.</p><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Their petition from 1750, preserved in the <strong>British Libraryâs India Office Records</strong>, reminds us that the foundations of colonial Madras were not laid by imperial engineers alone. They were woven, quite literally, by the hands of local artisans who made the city â and its textiles â their own.</p><h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>Suggested Citation</strong></h3><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Murali, Deepthi. <em>âThe Weavers of Chindadry Petta: A Petition from the Heart of Colonial Madras.â</em> Connecting Threads Digital History Project (2025). Based on British Library, India Office Records, IOR G/18/15, pp. 191â192. CC BY-NC 4.0.</p> 1980</div> 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006</div></div></div><div class="col sqs-col-4 span-4"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1760832157843_4630"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 2007 2008<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 2009 <h3 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">ð§µ <strong>Context Note: What Was Chindadry Petta?</strong></h3><p class="" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"><strong>Chindadry Petta</strong>, the colonial name for todayâs <strong>Chintadripet</strong>, was established around <strong>1734</strong> under East India Company supervision.<br> It was designed as a <em>âweaversâ villageâ</em> supplying cotton goods for export to Britain.<br> Hundreds of looms, dyers, and spinners lived within its walls, working under hereditary leaders who negotiated directly with Company officials.<br> Its Tamil name, often written <em>Chinna Tari Pettai</em> â âsmall loom quarterâ â captures its identity as both a production hub and a living neighborhood.<br> When the French destroyed it in 1746, local weavers rebuilt it almost immediately â a testament to the resilience that continues to define Chintadripetâs working-class heart today.</p> 2010</div> 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036</div></div></div></div></div></div> 2037 2038 2039 2040 <!--POST FOOTER--> 2041 2042 <footer> 2043 <div class="post-item-injection"></div> 2044 <div class="entry-info"> 2045
2046 <span class="tags">Tags: <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Textiles#show-archive" rel="tag">Textiles</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/India#show-archive" rel="tag">India</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Chennai#show-archive" rel="tag">Chennai</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/History#show-archive" rel="tag">History</a>, <a href="/textiles-talk/tag/Indian+Weavers#show-archive" rel="tag">Indian Weavers</a></span> 2047 </div> 2048 <div class="engagement"> 2049 2050 2051 <a href="/textiles-talk/2025/10/did-you-know-the-area-of-chintadripet-in-chennai-was-founded-by-tamil-weavers#comments-placeholder" data-toggle-target="#comments-placeholder" class="comment-link"> 2052 2053 Comment 2054 2055 </a> 2056 2057 2058 2059 <span class="sqs-simple-like" data-item-id="68f42899f158361972aa297f" data-like-count="1"> 2060 <span class="like-icon"></span> 2061 <span class="like-count"></span> 2062 </span> 2063 2064 <span class="squarespace-social-buttons inline-style" data-system-data-id="" data-asset-url="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57571f990442623f70715bd4/68f428859e277f2797b1a788/68f42899f158361972aa297f/1760832733516/" data-record-type="1" data-full-url="/textiles-talk/2025/10/did-you-know-the-area-of-chintadripet-in-chennai-was-founded-by-tamil-weavers" data-title="Did you know the area of Chintadripet in Chennai was founded by Tamil weavers?"></span> 2065 </div> 2066 </footer> 2067 2068 2069 </article> 2070 <div class="post-divider"></div> 2071 2072 2073 2074</div> 2075 2076<!--PAGINATION--> 2077 </div> 2078 2079 2080 <aside id="sidebarWrapper"> 2081 <div id="sidebar"> 2082 <div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-1 columns-1" data-layout-label="Sidebar Content" data-type="block-field" data-updated-on="1781480922615" id="sidebarBlocks"><div class="row sqs-row"><div class="col sqs-col-1 span-1"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-2016b68dc0ad79d3ae68"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 2083 2084<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 2085 <h1 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Socials</h1> 2086</div> 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112</div></div><div class="sqs-block website-component-block sqs-block-website-component sqs-block-socialaccountlinks social-account-links-block social-account-links-v2-block" data-block-css="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.socialLinks/288be173-4dab-4b40-8542-b87304698883_735/website.components.socialLinks.styles.css"]" data-block-scripts="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.socialLinks/288be173-4dab-4b40-8542-b87304698883_735/website.components.socialLinks.visitor.js"]" data-block-type="1337" data-definition-name="website.components.socialLinks" data-sqsp-block="social-links" data-website-component-id="yui_3_17_2_1_1742239802564_2776" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1742239802564_2776"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 2133 2134 2135 2136 2137<div class="sqs-block-socialaccountlinks-content"> 2138 <div class="sqs-svg-icon--outer social-icon-alignment-center social-icons-color-black social-icons-size-small social-icons-shape-circle social-icons-style-border"> 2139 <style> 2140 2141 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1742239802564_2776 { 2142 --social-icons-justify-content: center; 2143 --social-icons-dimension: 28px;--social-icons-gap: 8px; 2144 2145 } 2146 2147 2148 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1742239802564_2776 .sqs-svg-icon--wrapper { 2149 --si-border-radius: 50%;--si-scale: 1;--si-box-shadow: 0 0 0 var(--social-icons-border-thickness, 2px) inset;--si-fill-icon: var(--si-primary);--si-fill-icon-fade: var(--si-primary);--si-fill-icon-hover: var(--si-contrast);--si-fill-mask: transparent;--si-fill-mask-fade: transparent;--si-fill-mask-hover: transparent;--si-bg: transparent;--si-bg-fade: transparent;--si-bg-hover: var(--si-primary); 2150 } 2151 2152 2153 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1742239802564_2776 .sqs-svg-icon--list { 2154 justify-content: var(--social-icons-justify-content, center); 2155 column-gap: var(--social-icons-gap, 12px); 2156 row-gap: var(--social-icons-gap, 12px); 2157 } 2158 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1742239802564_2776 .sqs-svg-icon--wrapper { 2159 width: var(--social-icons-dimension, 20px); 2160 height: var(--social-icons-dimension, 20px); 2161 margin: 0; 2162 border: none; 2163 background-color: var(--si-bg, transparent);
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2251 border-radius: var(--tweak-social-links-block-radius); 2252 } 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263</style> 2264 2265<style id="override-container-styles"> 2266 @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { 2267 2268 2269 2270#block-yui_3_17_2_1_1742239802564_2776 { 2271 2272 } 2273 } 2274 2275 2276 @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { 2277 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1742239802564_2776 .sqs-block-socialaccountlinks-content { 2278 2279 } 2280 } 2281 2282 @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2288 2289 }</style> 2290 2291 <style class="transform-overrides-vars"> 2292 2293</style> 2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300</div> 2301</div></div><div class="sqs-block website-component-block sqs-block-website-component sqs-block-horizontalrule horizontalrule-block" data-block-css="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.horizontalrule/b2ae5309-7f25-4be1-8ed6-390543893b1f_324/website.components.horizontalrule.styles.css"]" data-block-scripts="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.horizontalrule/b2ae5309-7f25-4be1-8ed6-390543893b1f_324/website.components.horizontalrule.visitor.js"]" data-block-type="1337" data-definition-name="website.components.horizontalrule" data-sqsp-block="line" data-website-component-id="6232bc457956c31f85c6" id="block-6232bc457956c31f85c6"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 2302 2303 2304 2305<div> 2306 <hr /> 2307 2308 <style class="transform-overrides-vars"> 2309 2310</style> 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317</div> 2318</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761360422866_10339"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 2319 2320<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 2321 <h1 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Research</h1> 2322</div> 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 2335 2336 2337 2338 2339 2340 2341 2342 2343 2344 2345 2346 2347 2348</div></div><div class="sqs-block website-component-block sqs-block-website-component sqs-block-button button-block" data-block-css="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.button/e9b1ac1d-8687-4edc-b5d4-c3da2b029ae0_1127/website.components.button.styles.css"]" data-block-scripts="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.button/e9b1ac1d-8687-4edc-b5d4-c3da2b029ae0_1127/website.components.button.visitor.js"]" data-block-type="1337" data-definition-name="website.components.button" data-sqsp-block="button" data-website-component-id="yui_3_17_2_1_1761360422866_9215" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761360422866_9215"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 2349 2350 2351 2352 2353 2354 2355 2356<div 2357 class="sqs-block-button-container sqs-block-button-container--center " 2358 data-animation-role="button" 2359 data-button-size="medium" 2360 data-button-type="primary" 2361 2362> 2363 <a 2364 href="https://www.connectingthreads.co.uk" 2365 class="sqs-block-button-element--medium sqs-button-element--primary sqs-block-button-element" 2366 data-sqsp-button 2367 target="_blank" 2368 > 2369 Connecting Threads 2370 </a> 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375</div> 2376 2377 2378 2379<style> 2380 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761360422866_9215 { 2381 --sqs-block-content-flex: 0; 2382 } 2383 2384 2385 2386</style> 2387<style class="transform-overrides-vars"> 2388 2389</style> 2390 2391</div></div><div class="sqs-block website-component-block sqs-block-website-component sqs-block-button button-block" data-block-css="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.button/e9b1ac1d-8687-4edc-b5d4-c3da2b029ae0_1127/website.components.button.styles.css"]" data-block-scripts="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.button/e9b1ac1d-8687-4edc-b5d4-c3da2b029ae0_1127/website.components.button.visitor.js"]" data-block-type="1337" data-definition-name="website.components.button" data-sqsp-block="button" data-website-component-id="yui_3_17_2_1_1781480811948_4058" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1781480811948_4058"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399<div 2400 class="sqs-block-button-container sqs-block-button-container--center " 2401 data-animation-role="button" 2402 data-button-size="medium" 2403 data-button-type="primary" 2404 2405> 2406 <a 2407 href="https://hbcudigitalarchive.org/" 2408 class="sqs-block-button-element--medium sqs-button-element--primary sqs-block-button-element" 2409 data-sqsp-button 2410 target="_blank" 2411 > 2412 HBCU History and Culture Access Consortium 2413 </a> 2414 2415 2416 2417 2418</div> 2419 2420 2421 2422<style> 2423 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1781480811948_4058 { 2424 --sqs-block-content-flex: 0; 2425 } 2426 2427 2428 2429</style> 2430<style class="transform-vars"> 2431 #block-yui_3_17_2_1_1781480811948_4058 { 2432 --opacity: 100%; 2433 --translate-x: 0px; 2434 --translate-y: 0px; 2435 --rotation: 0deg; 2436 --scale-x: 100%; 2437 --scale-y: 100%; 2438 --skew-x: 0deg; 2439 --skew-y: 0deg; 2440 --origin-x: 50%; 2441 --origin-y: 50%; 2442 --block-transform: none; 2443 2444 opacity: var(--opacity, 1); 2445 transform: var(--block-transform); 2446 transform-origin: var(--origin-x) var(--origin-y); 2447 } 2448 </style><style class="transform-overrides-vars"> 2449 2450</style> 2451 2452</div></div><div class="sqs-block website-component-block sqs-block-website-component sqs-block-horizontalrule horizontalrule-block" data-block-css="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.horizontalrule/b2ae5309-7f25-4be1-8ed6-390543893b1f_324/website.components.horizontalrule.styles.css"]" data-block-scripts="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.horizontalrule/b2ae5309-7f25-4be1-8ed6-390543893b1f_324/website.components.horizontalrule.visitor.js"]" data-block-type="1337" data-definition-name="website.components.horizontalrule" data-sqsp-block="line" data-website-component-id="yui_3_17_2_1_1761360422866_11190" id="block-yui_3_17_2_1_1761360422866_11190"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 2453 2454 2455 2456<div> 2457 <hr /> 2458 2459 <style class="transform-overrides-vars"> 2460 2461</style> 2462 2463 2464 2465 2466 2467 2468</div> 2469</div></div><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" data-sqsp-block="text" id="block-e62feb45f7b80c3d1101"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 2470 2471<div class="sqs-html-content" data-sqsp-text-block-content> 2472 <h1 style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Things</h1> 2473</div> 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479 2480 2481 2482 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2491 2492 2493 2494 2495 2496 2497 2498 2499</div></div><div class="sqs-block website-component-block sqs-block-website-component sqs-block-summary-v2 summary-block summary-v2-block" data-block-css="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/website.components.summary.styles.css"]" data-block-scripts="["https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/18018.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/22254.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/embed-vi
2499deo-player.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/gallery-layout-autocolumns.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/gallery-layout-autogrid.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/gallery-layout-carousel.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/gallery-layout-grid.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/gallery-layout-list.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/gallery-layout-slideshow.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/gallery-layout-stacked.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/gallery-layout-strip.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/gallery-manager.js","https://definitions.sqspcdn.com/website-component-definition/static-assets/website.components.summary/911c89a6-927c-4232-b934-f9bbb0f71b77_675/website.components.summary.visitor.js"]" data-block-type="1337" data-definition-name="website.components.summary" data-sqsp-block="summary" data-website-component-id="33b069d62f580f50d41b" id="block-33b069d62f580f50d41b"><div class="sqs-block-content"> 2500 2501 2502 2503 2504 2505 2506<div class=" 2507 summary-block-wrapper 2508 summary-block-collection-type-gallery 2509 summary-block-setting-text-size-small 2510 summary-block-setting-text-align-left 2511 summary-block-setting-design-list 2512 summary-block-setting-design-list-thumbnail-left 2513 summary-block-setting-metadata-position-below-content 2514 summary-block-setting-primary-metadata-location 2515 summary-block-setting-secondary-metadata-none 2516 summary-block-setting-show-thumbnail 2517 summary-block-setting-show-title 2518 summary-block-setting-show-price 2519 summary-block-setting-hide-excerpt 2520 2521 2522 sqs-gallery-design-list 2523 2524 " 2525 2526 data-design=list 2527 data-image-aspect-ratio=1.5 2528 data-slides-per-row=3 2529 2530 data-mixed-content=true 2531 data-column-width=270 2532 data-gutter="60" 2533 data-list-image-size="51" 2534 data-active-alignment="" 2535 data-square-thumbs="" 2536 data-auto-crop="true" 2537 2538 2539> 2540 <div class="summary-item-list-container sqs-gallery-container"> 2541 <header class="summary-block-header"> 2542 2543 <div class="summary-heading" data-animation-role="content"> 2544 2545 <span class="summary-header-text">Featured</span> 2546 2547 </div> 2548 2549 <div class="summary-carousel-pager sqs-gallery-controls" data-animation-role="content"> 2550 <span 2551 class="summary-carousel-pager-prev previous" 2552 tabindex="0" 2553 role="button" 2554 aria-label="Previous" 2555 ></span> 2556 <span 2557 class="summary-carousel-pager-next next" 2558 tabindex="0" 2559 role="button" 2560 aria-label="Next" 2561 ></span> 2562 </div> 2563 </header> 2564 <div class="summary-item-list sqs-gallery"> 2565 2566 <div class=" 2567 summary-item 2568 positioned 2569 summary-item-record-type-image 2570 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 2571 2572 2573 summary-item-has-thumbnail 2574 2575 summary-item-has-excerpt 2576 summary-item-has-cats 2577 summary-item-has-tags 2578 2579 2580 2581 summary-item-has-location" 2582 2583 > 2584 2585 2586 2587 2588
2589 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 2590 <a 2591 2592 2593 href="/portfolio/6e16tz567uayvn9e6ry470bn5ap257" 2594 2595 2596 class=" 2597 summary-thumbnail-container 2598 sqs-gallery-image-container 2599 2600 " 2601 data-title="Headboard, Bed, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" 2602 data-description="<p><a href="/blog?tag=Marthanda%20Bed">More Info</a></p>" 2603 aria-label="Headboard, Bed, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" 2604 > 2605 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 2606 2607 2608 2609 <!-- Main Image --> 2610 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467761571597-A5LLOBCOUNS4LIV0DHR4/PP_Bed.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467761571597-A5LLOBCOUNS4LIV0DHR4/PP_Bed.jpg" data-image-dimensions="1840x1415" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Headboard, Bed, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbn
2610ail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 2617 2618 2619 2620 </div> 2621 </a> 2622 2623 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 2624 2625 2626 </div> 2627 2628 2629 2630 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 2631 2632 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 2633 2634 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 2635 2636 2637 2638 2639 2640 2641 2642 2643 2644 2645 2646 2647 2648 2649 2650<!-- Location --> 2651<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 2652 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 2653 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 2654 2655 2656</div> 2657 2658 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 2659 2660 2661 2662 2663 2664 2665 2666 2667 2668 2669 2670 2671 2672 2673</div> 2674 </div> 2675 2676 <div class="summary-title"> 2677 <a 2678 2679 2680 href="/portfolio/6e16tz567uayvn9e6ry470bn5ap257" 2681 2682 2683 class="summary-title-link"> 2684 Headboard, Bed, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu 2685 </a> 2686 </div> 2687 2688 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 2689 2690 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 2691 2692 2693 2694 2695 2696 2697 2698 2699 2700 2701 2702 2703 2704 2705 2706<!-- Location --> 2707<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 2708 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 2709 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 2710 2711 2712</div> 2713 2714 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 2715 2716 2717 2718 2719 2720 2721 2722 2723 2724 2725 2726 2727 2728 2729</div> 2730 </div> 2731 2732 2733 2734 2735 2736 <div class=" 2737 2738 2739 summary-excerpt 2740 summary-excerpt-gallery-caption-description 2741 "><p><a href="/blog?tag=Marthanda%20Bed">More Info</a></p></div> 2742 2743 2744 <a href="/portfolio/6e16tz567uayvn9e6ry470bn5ap257" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 2745 2746 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 2747 2748 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 2749 2750 2751 2752 2753 2754 2755 2756 2757 2758 2759 2760 2761 2762 2763 2764<!-- Location --> 2765<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 2766 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 2767 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 2768 2769 2770</div> 2771 2772 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 2773 2774 2775 2776 2777 2778 2779 2780 2781 2782 2783 2784 2785 2786 2787</div> 2788 </div> 2789 </div> 2790 </div> 2791 2792 <div class=" 2793 summary-item 2794 positioned 2795 summary-item-record-type-image 2796 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 2797 2798 2799 summary-item-has-thumbnail 2800 2801 summary-item-has-excerpt 2802 summary-item-has-cats 2803 summary-item-has-tags 2804 2805 2806 2807 summary-item-has-location" 2808 2809 > 2810 2811 2812 2813 2814
2815 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 2816 <a 2817 2818 2819 href="/portfolio/92z6aviyzincv59k21bbzil8aj0y9h" 2820 2821 2822 class=" 2823 summary-thumbnail-container 2824 sqs-gallery-image-container 2825 2826 " 2827 data-title="Bed, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" 2828 data-description="<p><a href="/blog?tag=Marthanda%20Bed">More Info</a></p>" 2829 aria-label="Bed, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" 2830 > 2831 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 2832 2833 2834 2835 <!-- Main Image --> 2836 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467764127225-OEEIOXCIZK8M15W50NWG/PP_Bed+Full.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467764127225-OEEIOXCIZK8M15W50NWG/PP_Bed+Full.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2179x1443" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Bed, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbn
2836ail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> 2837 2838 2839 2840 2841 2842 2843 2844 2845 2846 </div> 2847 </a> 2848 2849 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 2850 2851 2852 </div> 2853 2854 2855 2856 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 2857 2858 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 2859 2860 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 2861 2862 2863 2864 2865 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2872 2873 2874 2875 2876<!-- Location --> 2877<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 2878 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 2879 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 2880 2881 2882</div> 2883 2884 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 2885 2886 2887 2888 2889 2890 2891 2892 2893 2894 2895 2896 2897 2898 2899</div> 2900 </div> 2901 2902 <div class="summary-title"> 2903 <a 2904 2905 2906 href="/portfolio/92z6aviyzincv59k21bbzil8aj0y9h" 2907 2908 2909 class="summary-title-link"> 2910 Bed, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu 2911 </a> 2912 </div> 2913 2914 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 2915 2916 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 2917 2918 2919 2920 2921 2922 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2928 2929 2930 2931 2932<!-- Location --> 2933<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 2934 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 2935 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 2936 2937 2938</div> 2939 2940 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 2941 2942 2943 2944 2945 2946 2947 2948 2949 2950 2951 2952 2953 2954 2955</div> 2956 </div> 2957 2958 2959 2960 2961 2962 <div class=" 2963 2964 2965 summary-excerpt 2966 summary-excerpt-gallery-caption-description 2967 "><p><a href="/blog?tag=Marthanda%20Bed">More Info</a></p></div> 2968 2969 2970 <a href="/portfolio/92z6aviyzincv59k21bbzil8aj0y9h" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 2971 2972 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 2973 2974 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 2975 2976 2977 2978 2979 2980 2981 2982 2983 2984 2985 2986 2987 2988 2989 2990<!-- Location --> 2991<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 2992 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 2993 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 2994 2995 2996</div> 2997 2998 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 2999 3000 3001 3002 3003 3004 3005 3006 3007 3008 3009 3010 3011 3012 3013</div> 3014 </div> 3015 </div> 3016 </div> 3017 3018 <div class=" 3019 summary-item 3020 positioned 3021 summary-item-record-type-image 3022 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 3023 3024 3025 summary-item-has-thumbnail 3026 3027 3028 summary-item-has-cats 3029 summary-item-has-tags 3030 3031 3032 3033 summary-item-has-location" 3034 3035 > 3036 3037 3038 3039 3040
3041 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 3042 <a 3043 3044 3045 href="/portfolio/f2c7ns4t0nnttlbyb91yf6im4ctr3o" 3046 3047 3048 class=" 3049 summary-thumbnail-container 3050 sqs-gallery-image-container 3051 3052 " 3053 data-title="Queen Secretary's Bed, Sintra Palace, Portugal" 3054 data-description="" 3055 aria-label="Queen Secretary's Bed, Sintra Palace, Portugal" 3056 > 3057 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 3058 3059 3060 3061 <!-- Main Image --> 3062 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468081900233-AHAT5UJNF5AY8QBFODZW/SP_Bed.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468081900233-AHAT5UJNF5AY8QBFODZW/SP_Bed.jpg" data-image-dimensions="597x800" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Queen Secretary's Bed, Sintra Palace, Portugal" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> 3063 3064 3065 3066 3067 3068 3069 3070 3071 3072 </div> 3073 </a> 3074 3075 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 3076 3077 3078 </div> 3079 3080 3081 3082 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 3083 3084 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 3085 3086 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3087 3088 3089 3090 3091 3092 3093 3094 3095 3096 3097 3098 3099 3100 3101 3102<!-- Location --> 3103<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 3104 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Largo Rainha Dona Amélia Sintra, Lisboa, 2710 Portugal" 3105 target="_blank">Sintra Palace Museum</a></span> 3106 3107 3108</div> 3109 3110 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 3117 3118 3119 3120 3121 3122 3123 3124 3125</div> 3126 </div> 3127 3128 <div class="summary-title"> 3129 <a 3130 3131 3132 href="/portfolio/f2c7ns4t0nnttlbyb91yf6im4ctr3o" 3133 3134 3135 class="summary-title-link"> 3136 Queen Secretary's Bed, Sintra Palace, Portugal 3137 </a> 3138 </div> 3139 3140 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 3141 3142 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3143 3144 3145 3146 3147 3148 3149 3150 3151 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158<!-- Location --> 3159<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 3160 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Largo Rainha Dona Amélia Sintra, Lisboa, 2710 Portugal" 3161 target="_blank">Sintra Palace Museum</a></span> 3162 3163 3164</div> 3165 3166 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3167 3168 3169 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 3175 3176 3177 3178 3179 3180 3181</div> 3182 </div> 3183 3184 3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 <a href="/portfolio/f2c7ns4t0nnttlbyb91yf6im4ctr3o" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 3190 3191 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 3192 3193 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3194 3195 3196 3197 3198 3199 3200 3201 3202 3203 3204 3205 3206 3207 3208 3209<!-- Location --> 3210<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 3211 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Largo Rainha Dona Amélia Sintra, Lisboa, 2710 Portugal" 3212 target="_blank">Sintra Palace Museum</a></span> 3213 3214 3215</div> 3216 3217 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3218 3219 3220 3221 3222 3223 3224 3225 3226 3227 3228 3229 3230 3231 3232</div> 3233 </div> 3234 </div> 3235 </div> 3236 3237 <div class=" 3238 summary-item 3239 positioned 3240 summary-item-record-type-image 3241 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 3242 3243 3244 summary-item-has-thumbnail 3245 3246 summary-item-has-excerpt 3247 summary-item-has-cats 3248 summary-item-has-tags 3249 3250 3251 3252 summary-item-has-location" 3253 3254 > 3255 3256 3257 3258 3259
3260 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 3261 <a 3262 3263 3264 href="/portfolio/h5xd8hlcp8qh4437fycj3d58ksbv2n" 3265 3266 3267 class=" 3268 summary-thumbnail-container 3269 sqs-gallery-image-container 3270 3271 " 3272 data-title="Throne and Footstool, Windsor Castle , UK (Image Copyright: Royal Collection Trust)" 3273 data-description="<p>Image:&nbsp;©RoyalCollectionTrust&nbsp;</p>" 3274 aria-label="Throne and Footstool, Windsor Castle , UK (Image Copyright: Royal Collection Trust)" 3275 > 3276 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 3277 3278 3279 3280 <!-- Main Image --> 3281 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467763027643-2GCO11N2E55HHANK9GZC/Ivory+Throne+and+Footstool_RCT.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467763027643-2GCO11N2E55HHANK9GZC/Ivory+Throne+and+Footstool_RCT.jpg" data-image-dimensions="1748x2000" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Throne and Footstool, Windsor Castle , UK (Image Copyright: Royal Collection Trust)" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbn
3281ail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> 3282 3283 3284 3285 3286 3287 3288 3289 3290 3291 </div> 3292 </a> 3293 3294 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 3295 3296 3297 </div> 3298 3299 3300 3301 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 3302 3303 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 3304 3305 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3306 3307 3308 3309 3310 3311 3312 3313 3314 3315 3316 3317 3318 3319 3320 3321<!-- Location --> 3322<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 3323 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Winkfield Road SL4 United Kingdom" 3324 target="_blank">Winsor Castle</a></span> 3325 3326 3327</div> 3328 3329 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3330 3331 3332 3333 3334 3335 3336 3337 3338 3339 3340 3341 3342 3343 3344</div> 3345 </div> 3346 3347 <div class="summary-title"> 3348 <a 3349 3350 3351 href="/portfolio/h5xd8hlcp8qh4437fycj3d58ksbv2n" 3352 3353 3354 class="summary-title-link"> 3355 Throne and Footstool, Windsor Castle , UK (Image Copyright: Royal Collection Trust) 3356 </a> 3357 </div> 3358 3359 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 3360 3361 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3362 3363 3364 3365 3366 3367 3368 3369 3370 3371 3372 3373 3374 3375 3376 3377<!-- Location --> 3378<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 3379 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Winkfield Road SL4 United Kingdom" 3380 target="_blank">Winsor Castle</a></span> 3381 3382 3383</div> 3384 3385 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3386 3387 3388 3389 3390 3391 3392 3393 3394 3395 3396 3397 3398 3399 3400</div> 3401 </div> 3402 3403 3404 3405 3406 3407 <div class=" 3408 3409 3410 summary-excerpt 3411 summary-excerpt-gallery-caption-description 3412 "><p>Image: ©RoyalCollectionTrust </p></div> 3413 3414 3415 <a href="/portfolio/h5xd8hlcp8qh4437fycj3d58ksbv2n" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 3416 3417 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 3418 3419 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3420 3421 3422 3423 3424 3425 3426 3427 3428 3429 3430 3431 3432 3433 3434 3435<!-- Location --> 3436<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 3437 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Winkfield Road SL4 United Kingdom" 3438 target="_blank">Winsor Castle</a></span> 3439 3440 3441</div> 3442 3443 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3444 3445 3446 3447 3448 3449 3450 3451 3452 3453 3454 3455 3456 3457 3458</div> 3459 </div> 3460 </div> 3461 </div> 3462 3463 <div class=" 3464 summary-item 3465 positioned 3466 summary-item-record-type-image 3467 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 3468 3469 3470 summary-item-has-thumbnail 3471 3472 3473 summary-item-has-cats 3474 summary-item-has-tags 3475 3476 3477 3478 summary-item-has-location" 3479 3480 > 3481 3482 3483 3484 3485
3486 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 3487 <a 3488 3489 3490 href="/portfolio/8u2342hioma836k4zzpi48icu0as77" 3491 3492 3493 class=" 3494 summary-thumbnail-container 3495 sqs-gallery-image-container 3496 3497 " 3498 data-title="Crest Detail, Ivory Throne, Windsor Castle, UK" 3499 data-description="" 3500 aria-label="Crest Detail, Ivory Throne, Windsor Castle, UK" 3501 > 3502 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 3503 3504 3505 3506 <!-- Main Image --> 3507 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467562352003-QZBMX08FYE0J2L5SJ2OC/RCT_Throne_Detail.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467562352003-QZBMX08FYE0J2L5SJ2OC/RCT_Throne_Detail.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2179x1443" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Crest Detail, Ivory Throne, Windsor Castle, UK" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbn
3507ail-image-list" /> 3508 3509 3510 3511 3512 3513 3514 3515 3516 3517 </div> 3518 </a> 3519 3520 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 3521 3522 3523 </div> 3524 3525 3526 3527 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 3528 3529 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 3530 3531 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3532 3533 3534 3535 3536 3537 3538 3539 3540 3541 3542 3543 3544 3545 3546 3547<!-- Location --> 3548<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 3549 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Windsor and Maidenhead Windsor UK" 3550 target="_blank">Windsor Castle</a></span> 3551 3552 3553</div> 3554 3555 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3556 3557 3558 3559 3560 3561 3562 3563 3564 3565 3566 3567 3568 3569 3570</div> 3571 </div> 3572 3573 <div class="summary-title"> 3574 <a 3575 3576 3577 href="/portfolio/8u2342hioma836k4zzpi48icu0as77" 3578 3579 3580 class="summary-title-link"> 3581 Crest Detail, Ivory Throne, Windsor Castle, UK 3582 </a> 3583 </div> 3584 3585 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 3586 3587 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3588 3589 3590 3591 3592 3593 3594 3595 3596 3597 3598 3599 3600 3601 3602 3603<!-- Location --> 3604<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 3605 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Windsor and Maidenhead Windsor UK" 3606 target="_blank">Windsor Castle</a></span> 3607 3608 3609</div> 3610 3611 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3612 3613 3614 3615 3616 3617 3618 3619 3620 3621 3622 3623 3624 3625 3626</div> 3627 </div> 3628 3629 3630 3631 3632 3633 3634 <a href="/portfolio/8u2342hioma836k4zzpi48icu0as77" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 3635 3636 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 3637 3638 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3639 3640 3641 3642 3643 3644 3645 3646 3647 3648 3649 3650 3651 3652 3653 3654<!-- Location --> 3655<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 3656 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Windsor and Maidenhead Windsor UK" 3657 target="_blank">Windsor Castle</a></span> 3658 3659 3660</div> 3661 3662 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3663 3664 3665 3666 3667 3668 3669 3670 3671 3672 3673 3674 3675 3676 3677</div> 3678 </div> 3679 </div> 3680 </div> 3681 3682 <div class=" 3683 summary-item 3684 positioned 3685 summary-item-record-type-image 3686 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 3687 3688 3689 summary-item-has-thumbnail 3690 3691 3692 summary-item-has-cats 3693 summary-item-has-tags 3694 3695 3696 3697 " 3698 3699 > 3700 3701 3702 3703 3704
3705 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 3706 <a 3707 3708 3709 href="/portfolio/tpe8414mda7nzr9brge77xu6ba7tag" 3710 3711 3712 class=" 3713 summary-thumbnail-container 3714 sqs-gallery-image-container 3715 3716 " 3717 data-title="Angel Blowing "Kombu" (Musical Instrument), Ivory Throne Detail, Kerala" 3718 data-description="" 3719 aria-label="Angel Blowing "Kombu" (Musical Instrument), Ivory Throne Detail, Kerala" 3720 > 3721 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 3722 3723 3724 3725 <!-- Main Image --> 3726 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468084390772-OX9DESTCR8F1VT3FE6B4/IMG_4375.JPG" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468084390772-OX9DESTCR8F1VT3FE6B4/IMG_4375.JPG" data-image-dimensions="2328x3105" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Angel Blowing "Kombu" (Musical Instrument), Ivory Throne Detail, Kerala" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbn
3726ail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> 3727 3728 3729 3730 3731 3732 3733 3734 3735 3736 </div> 3737 </a> 3738 3739 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 3740 3741 3742 </div> 3743 3744 3745 3746 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 3747 3748 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 3749 3750 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3751 3752 3753 3754 3755 3756 3757 3758 3759 3760 3761 3762 3763 3764 3765 3766 3767</div> 3768 3769 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3770 3771 3772 3773 3774 3775 3776 3777 3778 3779 3780 3781 3782 3783 3784</div> 3785 </div> 3786 3787 <div class="summary-title"> 3788 <a 3789 3790 3791 href="/portfolio/tpe8414mda7nzr9brge77xu6ba7tag" 3792 3793 3794 class="summary-title-link"> 3795 Angel Blowing "Kombu" (Musical Instrument), Ivory Throne Detail, Kerala 3796 </a> 3797 </div> 3798 3799 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 3800 3801 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3802 3803 3804 3805 3806 3807 3808 3809 3810 3811 3812 3813 3814 3815 3816 3817 3818</div> 3819 3820 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3821 3822 3823 3824 3825 3826 3827 3828 3829 3830 3831 3832 3833 3834 3835</div> 3836 </div> 3837 3838 3839 3840 3841 3842 3843 <a href="/portfolio/tpe8414mda7nzr9brge77xu6ba7tag" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 3844 3845 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 3846 3847 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3848 3849 3850 3851 3852 3853 3854 3855 3856 3857 3858 3859 3860 3861 3862 3863 3864</div> 3865 3866 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3867 3868 3869 3870 3871 3872 3873 3874 3875 3876 3877 3878 3879 3880 3881</div> 3882 </div> 3883 </div> 3884 </div> 3885 3886 <div class=" 3887 summary-item 3888 positioned 3889 summary-item-record-type-image 3890 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 3891 3892 3893 summary-item-has-thumbnail 3894 3895 3896 summary-item-has-cats 3897 summary-item-has-tags 3898 3899 3900 3901 summary-item-has-location" 3902 3903 > 3904 3905 3906 3907 3908
3909 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 3910 <a 3911 3912 3913 href="/portfolio/6zt3g7edjhkxorgqmyqtbpncxc72x3" 3914 3915 3916 class=" 3917 summary-thumbnail-container 3918 sqs-gallery-image-container 3919 3920 " 3921 data-title="Clock Tower, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" 3922 data-description="" 3923 aria-label="Clock Tower, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" 3924 > 3925 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 3926 3927 3928 3929 <!-- Main Image --> 3930 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468104294837-CTM096JJ6E0ZXQV4XJK6/DSC_0293.JPG" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468104294837-CTM096JJ6E0ZXQV4XJK6/DSC_0293.JPG" data-image-dimensions="2500x1500" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Clock Tower, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbn
3930ail-image-list" /> 3931 3932 3933 3934 3935 3936 3937 3938 3939 3940 </div> 3941 </a> 3942 3943 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 3944 3945 3946 </div> 3947 3948 3949 3950 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 3951 3952 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 3953 3954 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 3955 3956 3957 3958 3959 3960 3961 3962 3963 3964 3965 3966 3967 3968 3969 3970<!-- Location --> 3971<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 3972 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 3973 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 3974 3975 3976</div> 3977 3978 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 3979 3980 3981 3982 3983 3984 3985 3986 3987 3988 3989 3990 3991 3992 3993</div> 3994 </div> 3995 3996 <div class="summary-title"> 3997 <a 3998 3999 4000 href="/portfolio/6zt3g7edjhkxorgqmyqtbpncxc72x3" 4001 4002 4003 class="summary-title-link"> 4004 Clock Tower, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu 4005 </a> 4006 </div> 4007 4008 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 4009 4010 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4011 4012 4013 4014 4015 4016 4017 4018 4019 4020 4021 4022 4023 4024 4025 4026<!-- Location --> 4027<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 4028 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 4029 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 4030 4031 4032</div> 4033 4034 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4035 4036 4037 4038 4039 4040 4041 4042 4043 4044 4045 4046 4047 4048 4049</div> 4050 </div> 4051 4052 4053 4054 4055 4056 4057 <a href="/portfolio/6zt3g7edjhkxorgqmyqtbpncxc72x3" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 4058 4059 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 4060 4061 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4062 4063 4064 4065 4066 4067 4068 4069 4070 4071 4072 4073 4074 4075 4076 4077<!-- Location --> 4078<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 4079 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 4080 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 4081 4082 4083</div> 4084 4085 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4086 4087 4088 4089 4090 4091 4092 4093 4094 4095 4096 4097 4098 4099 4100</div> 4101 </div> 4102 </div> 4103 </div> 4104 4105 <div class=" 4106 summary-item 4107 positioned 4108 summary-item-record-type-image 4109 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 4110 4111 4112 summary-item-has-thumbnail 4113 4114 4115 4116 4117 4118 4119 4120 summary-item-has-location" 4121 4122 > 4123 4124 4125 4126 4127
4128 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 4129 <a 4130 4131 4132 href="/portfolio/5wy30ayi4ucxwenpjsyr5ptguw1sc4" 4133 4134 4135 class=" 4136 summary-thumbnail-container 4137 sqs-gallery-image-container 4138 4139 " 4140 data-title="Musical Automaton, Hill Palace, Kerala" 4141 data-description="" 4142 aria-label="Musical Automaton, Hill Palace, Kerala" 4143 > 4144 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 4145 4146 4147 4148 <!-- Main Image --> 4149 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468108091594-G63XCNJRV552Y07J8IT3/IMG_8573.JPG" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468108091594-G63XCNJRV552Y07J8IT3/IMG_8573.JPG" data-image-dimensions="1760x1232" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Musical Automaton, Hill Palace, Kerala" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> 4150 4151 4152 4153 4154 4155 4156 4157 4158 4159 </div> 4160 </a> 4161 4162 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 4163 4164 4165 </div> 4166 4167 4168 4169 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 4170 4171 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 4172 4173 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4174 4175 4176 4177 4178 4179 4180 4181 4182 4183 4184 4185 4186 4187 4188 4189<!-- Location --> 4190<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 4191 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 4192 target="_blank">Hill Palace</a></span> 4193 4194 4195</div> 4196 4197 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4198 4199 4200 4201 4202 4203 4204 4205 4206 4207 4208 4209 4210 4211 4212</div> 4213 </div> 4214 4215 <div class="summary-title"> 4216 <a 4217 4218 4219 href="/portfolio/5wy30ayi4ucxwenpjsyr5ptguw1sc4" 4220 4221 4222 class="summary-title-link"> 4223 Musical Automaton, Hill Palace, Kerala 4224 </a> 4225 </div> 4226 4227 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 4228 4229 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4230 4231 4232 4233 4234 4235 4236 4237 4238 4239 4240 4241 4242 4243 4244 4245<!-- Location --> 4246<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 4247 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 4248 target="_blank">Hill Palace</a></span> 4249 4250 4251</div> 4252 4253 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4254 4255 4256 4257 4258 4259 4260 4261 4262 4263 4264 4265 4266 4267 4268</div> 4269 </div> 4270 4271 4272 4273 4274 4275 4276 <a href="/portfolio/5wy30ayi4ucxwenpjsyr5ptguw1sc4" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 4277 4278 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 4279 4280 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4281 4282 4283 4284 4285 4286 4287 4288 4289 4290 4291 4292 4293 4294 4295 4296<!-- Location --> 4297<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 4298 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 4299 target="_blank">Hill Palace</a></span> 4300 4301 4302</div> 4303 4304 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4305 4306 4307 4308 4309 4310 4311 4312 4313 4314 4315 4316 4317 4318 4319</div> 4320 </div> 4321 </div> 4322 </div> 4323 4324 <div class=" 4325 summary-item 4326 positioned 4327 summary-item-record-type-image 4328 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 4329 4330 4331 summary-item-has-thumbnail 4332 4333 4334 summary-item-has-cats 4335 summary-item-has-tags 4336 4337 4338 4339 " 4340 4341 > 4342 4343 4344 4345 4346
4347 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 4348 <a 4349 4350 4351 href="/portfolio/1tyd3p535f82j2y6uolexqx539deo7" 4352 4353 4354 class=" 4355 summary-thumbnail-container 4356 sqs-gallery-image-container 4357 4358 " 4359 data-title="Lion Guard, Throne Detail, Kerala " 4360 data-description="" 4361 aria-label="Lion Guard, Throne Detail, Kerala " 4362 > 4363 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 4364 4365 4366 4367 <!-- Main Image --> 4368 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468101646728-EAZ5G4DPZOY5WOUOVM6S/IMG_4373.JPG" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468101646728-EAZ5G4DPZOY5WOUOVM6S/IMG_4373.JPG" data-image-dimensions="1667x2231" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Lion Guard, Throne Detail, Kerala " data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> 4369 4370 4371 4372 4373 4374 4375 4376 4377 4378 </div> 4379 </a> 4380 4381 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 4382 4383 4384 </div> 4385 4386 4387 4388 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 4389 4390 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 4391 4392 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4393 4394 4395 4396 4397 4398 4399 4400 4401 4402 4403 4404 4405 4406 4407 4408 4409</div> 4410 4411 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4412 4413 4414 4415 4416 4417 4418 4419 4420 4421 4422 4423 4424 4425 4426</div> 4427 </div> 4428 4429 <div class="summary-title"> 4430 <a 4431 4432 4433 href="/portfolio/1tyd3p535f82j2y6uolexqx539deo7" 4434 4435 4436 class="summary-title-link"> 4437 Lion Guard, Throne Detail, Kerala 4438 </a> 4439 </div> 4440 4441 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 4442 4443 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4444 4445 4446 4447 4448 4449 4450 4451 4452 4453 4454 4455 4456 4457 4458 4459 4460</div> 4461 4462 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4463 4464 4465 4466 4467 4468 4469 4470 4471 4472 4473 4474 4475 4476 4477</div> 4478 </div> 4479 4480 4481 4482 4483 4484 4485 <a href="/portfolio/1tyd3p535f82j2y6uolexqx539deo7" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 4486 4487 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 4488 4489 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4490 4491 4492 4493 4494 4495 4496 4497 4498 4499 4500 4501 4502 4503 4504 4505 4506</div> 4507 4508 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4509 4510 4511 4512 4513 4514 4515 4516 4517 4518 4519 4520 4521 4522 4523</div> 4524 </div> 4525 </div> 4526 </div> 4527 4528 <div class=" 4529 summary-item 4530 positioned 4531 summary-item-record-type-image 4532 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 4533 4534 4535 summary-item-has-thumbnail 4536 4537 4538 summary-item-has-cats 4539 summary-item-has-tags 4540 4541 4542 4543 summary-item-has-location" 4544 4545 > 4546 4547 4548 4549 4550
4551 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 4552 <a 4553 4554 4555 href="/portfolio/0hms5vih7nshwqrhxbzw8n2cyxzgba" 4556 4557 4558 class=" 4559 summary-thumbnail-container 4560 sqs-gallery-image-container 4561 4562 " 4563 data-title="Neoclassical Mirror, Hill Palace, Ernakulam" 4564 data-description="" 4565 aria-label="Neoclassical Mirror, Hill Palace, Ernakulam" 4566 > 4567 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 4568 4569 4570 4571 <!-- Main Image --> 4572 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467476564138-8ZVYXVBT7TQYOX18QU6M/HP_Mirror.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467476564138-8ZVYXVBT7TQYOX18QU6M/HP_Mirror.jpg" data-image-dimensions="1025x1366" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Neoclassical Mirror, Hill Palace, Ernakulam" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> 4573 4574 4575 4576 4577 4578 4579 4580 4581 4582 </div> 4583 </a> 4584 4585 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 4586 4587 4588 </div> 4589 4590 4591 4592 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 4593 4594 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 4595 4596 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4597 4598 4599 4600 4601 4602 4603 4604 4605 4606 4607 4608 4609 4610 4611 4612<!-- Location --> 4613<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 4614 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 4615 target="_blank">Hill Palace</a></span> 4616 4617 4618</div> 4619 4620 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4621 4622 4623 4624 4625 4626 4627 4628 4629 4630 4631 4632 4633 4634 4635</div> 4636 </div> 4637 4638 <div class="summary-title"> 4639 <a 4640 4641 4642 href="/portfolio/0hms5vih7nshwqrhxbzw8n2cyxzgba" 4643 4644 4645 class="summary-title-link"> 4646 Neoclassical Mirror, Hill Palace, Ernakulam 4647 </a> 4648 </div> 4649 4650 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 4651 4652 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4653 4654 4655 4656 4657 4658 4659 4660 4661 4662 4663 4664 4665 4666 4667 4668<!-- Location --> 4669<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 4670 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 4671 target="_blank">Hill Palace</a></span> 4672 4673 4674</div> 4675 4676 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4677 4678 4679 4680 4681 4682 4683 4684 4685 4686 4687 4688 4689 4690 4691</div> 4692 </div> 4693 4694 4695 4696 4697 4698 4699 <a href="/portfolio/0hms5vih7nshwqrhxbzw8n2cyxzgba" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 4700 4701 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 4702 4703 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4704 4705 4706 4707 4708 4709 4710 4711 4712 4713 4714 4715 4716 4717 4718 4719<!-- Location --> 4720<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 4721 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 4722 target="_blank">Hill Palace</a></span> 4723 4724 4725</div> 4726 4727 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4728 4729 4730 4731 4732 4733 4734 4735 4736 4737 4738 4739 4740 4741 4742</div> 4743 </div> 4744 </div> 4745 </div> 4746 4747 <div class=" 4748 summary-item 4749 positioned 4750 summary-item-record-type-image 4751 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 4752 4753 4754 summary-item-has-thumbnail 4755 4756 4757 summary-item-has-cats 4758 summary-item-has-tags 4759 4760 4761 4762 summary-item-has-location" 4763 4764 > 4765 4766 4767 4768 4769
4770 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 4771 <a 4772 4773 4774 href="/portfolio/214nc28sxgvakjdjyot7m78e9o6w8k" 4775 4776 4777 class=" 4778 summary-thumbnail-container 4779 sqs-gallery-image-container 4780 4781 " 4782 data-title=""Belgian" Mirror, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" 4783 data-description="" 4784 aria-label=""Belgian" Mirror, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" 4785 > 4786 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 4787 4788 4789 4790 <!-- Main Image --> 4791 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468082342409-DKZQXG4DU2LCDHRMJ8IQ/PP_Mirror+1.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468082342409-DKZQXG4DU2LCDHRMJ8IQ/PP_Mirror+1.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2179x1443" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt=""Belgian" Mirror, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbn
4791ail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> 4792 4793 4794 4795 4796 4797 4798 4799 4800 4801 </div> 4802 </a> 4803 4804 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 4805 4806 4807 </div> 4808 4809 4810 4811 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 4812 4813 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 4814 4815 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4816 4817 4818 4819 4820 4821 4822 4823 4824 4825 4826 4827 4828 4829 4830 4831<!-- Location --> 4832<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 4833 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 4834 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 4835 4836 4837</div> 4838 4839 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4840 4841 4842 4843 4844 4845 4846 4847 4848 4849 4850 4851 4852 4853 4854</div> 4855 </div> 4856 4857 <div class="summary-title"> 4858 <a 4859 4860 4861 href="/portfolio/214nc28sxgvakjdjyot7m78e9o6w8k" 4862 4863 4864 class="summary-title-link"> 4865 "Belgian" Mirror, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Kerala/Tamil Nadu 4866 </a> 4867 </div> 4868 4869 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 4870 4871 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4872 4873 4874 4875 4876 4877 4878 4879 4880 4881 4882 4883 4884 4885 4886 4887<!-- Location --> 4888<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 4889 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 4890 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 4891 4892 4893</div> 4894 4895 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4896 4897 4898 4899 4900 4901 4902 4903 4904 4905 4906 4907 4908 4909 4910</div> 4911 </div> 4912 4913 4914 4915 4916 4917 4918 <a href="/portfolio/214nc28sxgvakjdjyot7m78e9o6w8k" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 4919 4920 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 4921 4922 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 4923 4924 4925 4926 4927 4928 4929 4930 4931 4932 4933 4934 4935 4936 4937 4938<!-- Location --> 4939<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 4940 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Kulasekharam Thuckalay Road Thuckalay, TN, 629175 India" 4941 target="_blank">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a></span> 4942 4943 4944</div> 4945 4946 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 4947 4948 4949 4950 4951 4952 4953 4954 4955 4956 4957 4958 4959 4960 4961</div> 4962 </div> 4963 </div> 4964 </div> 4965 4966 <div class=" 4967 summary-item 4968 positioned 4969 summary-item-record-type-image 4970 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 4971 4972 4973 summary-item-has-thumbnail 4974 4975 4976 summary-item-has-cats 4977 summary-item-has-tags 4978 4979 4980 4981 summary-item-has-location" 4982 4983 > 4984 4985 4986 4987 4988
4989 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 4990 <a 4991 4992 4993 href="/portfolio/uq866irvdqgi3ldjsgrbzxngpzo0fy" 4994 4995 4996 class=" 4997 summary-thumbnail-container 4998 sqs-gallery-image-container 4999 5000 " 5001 data-title="Imported Victorian Tiles, Hill Palace, Ernakulam, Upper Level" 5002 data-description="" 5003 aria-label="Imported Victorian Tiles, Hill Palace, Ernakulam, Upper Level" 5004 > 5005 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 5006 5007 5008 5009 <!-- Main Image --> 5010 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467474426816-3Z25RB11EF8RKE4VPBYJ/HP_Upper+Corridor.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467474426816-3Z25RB11EF8RKE4VPBYJ/HP_Upper+Corridor.jpg" data-image-dimensions="3190x2392" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Imported Victorian Tiles, Hill Palace, Ernakulam, Upper Level" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbn
5010ail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> 5011 5012 5013 5014 5015 5016 5017 5018 5019 5020 </div> 5021 </a> 5022 5023 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 5024 5025 5026 </div> 5027 5028 5029 5030 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 5031 5032 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 5033 5034 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5035 5036 5037 5038 5039 5040 5041 5042 5043 5044 5045 5046 5047 5048 5049 5050<!-- Location --> 5051<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5052 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 5053 target="_blank">Hill Palace </a></span> 5054 5055 5056</div> 5057 5058 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5059 5060 5061 5062 5063 5064 5065 5066 5067 5068 5069 5070 5071 5072 5073</div> 5074 </div> 5075 5076 <div class="summary-title"> 5077 <a 5078 5079 5080 href="/portfolio/uq866irvdqgi3ldjsgrbzxngpzo0fy" 5081 5082 5083 class="summary-title-link"> 5084 Imported Victorian Tiles, Hill Palace, Ernakulam, Upper Level 5085 </a> 5086 </div> 5087 5088 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 5089 5090 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5091 5092 5093 5094 5095 5096 5097 5098 5099 5100 5101 5102 5103 5104 5105 5106<!-- Location --> 5107<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5108 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 5109 target="_blank">Hill Palace </a></span> 5110 5111 5112</div> 5113 5114 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5115 5116 5117 5118 5119 5120 5121 5122 5123 5124 5125 5126 5127 5128 5129</div> 5130 </div> 5131 5132 5133 5134 5135 5136 5137 <a href="/portfolio/uq866irvdqgi3ldjsgrbzxngpzo0fy" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 5138 5139 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 5140 5141 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5142 5143 5144 5145 5146 5147 5148 5149 5150 5151 5152 5153 5154 5155 5156 5157<!-- Location --> 5158<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5159 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 5160 target="_blank">Hill Palace </a></span> 5161 5162 5163</div> 5164 5165 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5166 5167 5168 5169 5170 5171 5172 5173 5174 5175 5176 5177 5178 5179 5180</div> 5181 </div> 5182 </div> 5183 </div> 5184 5185 <div class=" 5186 summary-item 5187 positioned 5188 summary-item-record-type-image 5189 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 5190 5191 5192 summary-item-has-thumbnail 5193 5194 5195 5196 5197 5198 5199 5200 summary-item-has-location" 5201 5202 > 5203 5204 5205 5206 5207
5208 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 5209 <a 5210 5211 5212 href="/portfolio/41wfs6hlimupg0gc2duk3hfawwmhbw" 5213 5214 5215 class=" 5216 summary-thumbnail-container 5217 sqs-gallery-image-container 5218 5219 " 5220 data-title="Wall Dado Tiles, Hill Palace, Ernakulam, Upper Level" 5221 data-description="" 5222 aria-label="Wall Dado Tiles, Hill Palace, Ernakulam, Upper Level" 5223 > 5224 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 5225 5226 5227 5228 <!-- Main Image --> 5229 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467475122552-P8M0OH4FPLJM1HOCIZ5H/HP_Dado+Tiles.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467475122552-P8M0OH4FPLJM1HOCIZ5H/HP_Dado+Tiles.jpg" data-image-dimensions="1536x2048" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Wall Dado Tiles, Hill Palace, Ernakulam, Upper Level" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbn
5229ail-image-list" /> 5230 5231 5232 5233 5234 5235 5236 5237 5238 5239 </div> 5240 </a> 5241 5242 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 5243 5244 5245 </div> 5246 5247 5248 5249 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 5250 5251 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 5252 5253 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5254 5255 5256 5257 5258 5259 5260 5261 5262 5263 5264 5265 5266 5267 5268 5269<!-- Location --> 5270<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5271 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 5272 target="_blank">Hill Palace</a></span> 5273 5274 5275</div> 5276 5277 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5278 5279 5280 5281 5282 5283 5284 5285 5286 5287 5288 5289 5290 5291 5292</div> 5293 </div> 5294 5295 <div class="summary-title"> 5296 <a 5297 5298 5299 href="/portfolio/41wfs6hlimupg0gc2duk3hfawwmhbw" 5300 5301 5302 class="summary-title-link"> 5303 Wall Dado Tiles, Hill Palace, Ernakulam, Upper Level 5304 </a> 5305 </div> 5306 5307 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 5308 5309 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5310 5311 5312 5313 5314 5315 5316 5317 5318 5319 5320 5321 5322 5323 5324 5325<!-- Location --> 5326<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5327 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 5328 target="_blank">Hill Palace</a></span> 5329 5330 5331</div> 5332 5333 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5334 5335 5336 5337 5338 5339 5340 5341 5342 5343 5344 5345 5346 5347 5348</div> 5349 </div> 5350 5351 5352 5353 5354 5355 5356 <a href="/portfolio/41wfs6hlimupg0gc2duk3hfawwmhbw" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 5357 5358 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 5359 5360 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5361 5362 5363 5364 5365 5366 5367 5368 5369 5370 5371 5372 5373 5374 5375 5376<!-- Location --> 5377<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5378 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Hill Palace Road Ernakulam, KL, 682301 India" 5379 target="_blank">Hill Palace</a></span> 5380 5381 5382</div> 5383 5384 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5385 5386 5387 5388 5389 5390 5391 5392 5393 5394 5395 5396 5397 5398 5399</div> 5400 </div> 5401 </div> 5402 </div> 5403 5404 <div class=" 5405 summary-item 5406 positioned 5407 summary-item-record-type-image 5408 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 5409 5410 5411 summary-item-has-thumbnail 5412 5413 5414 summary-item-has-cats 5415 summary-item-has-tags 5416 5417 5418 5419 summary-item-has-location" 5420 5421 > 5422 5423 5424 5425 5426
5427 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 5428 <a 5429 5430 5431 href="/portfolio/n341nirlsym5pcf81u6t8ay3nx0gcj" 5432 5433 5434 class=" 5435 summary-thumbnail-container 5436 sqs-gallery-image-container 5437 5438 " 5439 data-title="Travancore Royal Chariot, Napier Museum, Kerala" 5440 data-description="" 5441 aria-label="Travancore Royal Chariot, Napier Museum, Kerala" 5442 > 5443 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 5444 5445 5446 5447 <!-- Main Image --> 5448 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468108570338-YL2SQ6TOLSFYXAHYU2UH/Chariot.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1468108570338-YL2SQ6TOLSFYXAHYU2UH/Chariot.jpg" data-image-dimensions="732x618" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="Travancore Royal Chariot, Napier Museum, Kerala" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbnail-image-list" /> 5449 5450 5451 5452 5453 5454 5455 5456 5457 5458 </div> 5459 </a> 5460 5461 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 5462 5463 5464 </div> 5465 5466 5467 5468 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 5469 5470 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 5471 5472 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5473 5474 5475 5476 5477 5478 5479 5480 5481 5482 5483 5484 5485 5486 5487 5488<!-- Location --> 5489<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5490 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Napier Museum Road Thiruvananthapuram, KL, 695033 India" 5491 target="_blank">Napier Museum</a></span> 5492 5493 5494</div> 5495 5496 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5497 5498 5499 5500 5501 5502 5503 5504 5505 5506 5507 5508 5509 5510 5511</div> 5512 </div> 5513 5514 <div class="summary-title"> 5515 <a 5516 5517 5518 href="/portfolio/n341nirlsym5pcf81u6t8ay3nx0gcj" 5519 5520 5521 class="summary-title-link"> 5522 Travancore Royal Chariot, Napier Museum, Kerala 5523 </a> 5524 </div> 5525 5526 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 5527 5528 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5529 5530 5531 5532 5533 5534 5535 5536 5537 5538 5539 5540 5541 5542 5543 5544<!-- Location --> 5545<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5546 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Napier Museum Road Thiruvananthapuram, KL, 695033 India" 5547 target="_blank">Napier Museum</a></span> 5548 5549 5550</div> 5551 5552 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5553 5554 5555 5556 5557 5558 5559 5560 5561 5562 5563 5564 5565 5566 5567</div> 5568 </div> 5569 5570 5571 5572 5573 5574 5575 <a href="/portfolio/n341nirlsym5pcf81u6t8ay3nx0gcj" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 5576 5577 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 5578 5579 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5580 5581 5582 5583 5584 5585 5586 5587 5588 5589 5590 5591 5592 5593 5594 5595<!-- Location --> 5596<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5597 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Napier Museum Road Thiruvananthapuram, KL, 695033 India" 5598 target="_blank">Napier Museum</a></span> 5599 5600 5601</div> 5602 5603 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5604 5605 5606 5607 5608 5609 5610 5611 5612 5613 5614 5615 5616 5617 5618</div> 5619 </div> 5620 </div> 5621 </div> 5622 5623 <div class=" 5624 summary-item 5625 positioned 5626 summary-item-record-type-image 5627 sqs-gallery-design-list-slide 5628 5629 5630 summary-item-has-thumbnail 5631 5632 5633 summary-item-has-cats 5634 summary-item-has-tags 5635 5636 5637 5638 summary-item-has-location" 5639 5640 > 5641 5642 5643 5644 5645
5646 <div class="summary-thumbnail-outer-container"> 5647 <a 5648 5649 5650 href="/portfolio/uyfn4p7n3mi4dpghrf0bgsp546fbi0" 5651 5652 5653 class=" 5654 summary-thumbnail-container 5655 sqs-gallery-image-container 5656 5657 " 5658 data-title="East Gateway, Shakthan Thampuran Palace, Thrissur" 5659 data-description="" 5660 aria-label="East Gateway, Shakthan Thampuran Palace, Thrissur" 5661 > 5662 <div class="summary-thumbnail img-wrapper" data-animation-role="image"> 5663 5664 5665 5666 <!-- Main Image --> 5667 <img data-src="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467476131630-0F72KLF77WQU2DF7UHWA/STP_Gateway.jpg" data-image="https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57571f990442623f70715bd4/1467476131630-0F72KLF77WQU2DF7UHWA/STP_Gateway.jpg" data-image-dimensions="2179x1443" data-image-focal-point="0.5,0.5" alt="East Gateway, Shakthan Thampuran Palace, Thrissur" data-load="false" class="summary-thumbnail-image" elementtiming="summary-thumbn
5667ail-image-list" /> 5668 5669 5670 5671 5672 5673 5674 5675 5676 5677 </div> 5678 </a> 5679 5680 <!-- Products: Quick View --> 5681 5682 5683 </div> 5684 5685 5686 5687 <div class="summary-content sqs-gallery-meta-container" data-animation-role="content"> 5688 5689 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--above-title"> 5690 5691 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5692 5693 5694 5695 5696 5697 5698 5699 5700 5701 5702 5703 5704 5705 5706 5707<!-- Location --> 5708<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5709 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Stadium Road Thrissur, KL, 680020 India" 5710 target="_blank">Shakthan Thampuran Palace</a></span> 5711 5712 5713</div> 5714 5715 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5716 5717 5718 5719 5720 5721 5722 5723 5724 5725 5726 5727 5728 5729 5730</div> 5731 </div> 5732 5733 <div class="summary-title"> 5734 <a 5735 5736 5737 href="/portfolio/uyfn4p7n3mi4dpghrf0bgsp546fbi0" 5738 5739 5740 class="summary-title-link"> 5741 East Gateway, Shakthan Thampuran Palace, Thrissur 5742 </a> 5743 </div> 5744 5745 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-title"> 5746 5747 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5748 5749 5750 5751 5752 5753 5754 5755 5756 5757 5758 5759 5760 5761 5762 5763<!-- Location --> 5764<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5765 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Stadium Road Thrissur, KL, 680020 India" 5766 target="_blank">Shakthan Thampuran Palace</a></span> 5767 5768 5769</div> 5770 5771 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5772 5773 5774 5775 5776 5777 5778 5779 5780 5781 5782 5783 5784 5785 5786</div> 5787 </div> 5788 5789 5790 5791 5792 5793 5794 <a href="/portfolio/uyfn4p7n3mi4dpghrf0bgsp546fbi0" class="summary-read-more-link">Read more →</a> 5795 5796 <div class="summary-metadata-container summary-metadata-container--below-content"> 5797 5798 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--primary"> 5799 5800 5801 5802 5803 5804 5805 5806 5807 5808 5809 5810 5811 5812 5813 5814<!-- Location --> 5815<span class="summary-metadata-item summary-metadata-item--location"><a 5816 href="http://maps.google.com?q=Stadium Road Thrissur, KL, 680020 India" 5817 target="_blank">Shakthan Thampuran Palace</a></span> 5818 5819 5820</div> 5821 5822 <div class="summary-metadata summary-metadata--secondary"> 5823 5824 5825 5826 5827 5828 5829 5830 5831 5832 5833 5834 5835 5836 5837</div> 5838 </div> 5839 </div> 5840 </div> 5841 5842 </div> 5843 </div> 5844 5845</div> 5846<style> 5847 #block-33b069d62f580f50d41b { 5848 --summary-title-font-size: 14px; 5849 --summary-excerpt-font-size: 14px; 5850 --summary-text-align: left; 5851 --summary-list-image-float: left; 5852 --summary-list-thumbnail-padding-left: 0; 5853 --summary-list-thumbnail-padding-right: 20px; 5854 --summary-list-qv-padding-left: 0; 5855 --summary-list-qv-padding-right: 20px; 5856 --summary-list-product-mark-left: 0; 5857 --summary-list-product-mark-right: auto; 5858 --summary-meta-above-display: none; 5859 --summary-meta-below-title-display: none; 5860 --summary-meta-below-content-display: block; 5861 --summary-show-title: block; 5862 --summary-show-thumbnail: block; 5863 --summary-show-excerpt: none; 5864 --summary-show-excerpt-clamped: none; 5865 --summary-content-spacing: 2px; 5866 --summary-show-price: block; 5867 --summary-show-read-more-link: none; 5868 } 5869</style> 5870<style id="container-styles">#block-33b069d62f580f50d41b { 5871 5872 5873 5874 5875 5876 5877 } 5878 5879 #block-33b069d62f580f50d41b .summary-block-wrapper { 5880 5881 --tweak-summary-block-padding: initial; 5882} 5883 5884 #block-33b069d62f580f50d41b { 5885 mix-blend-mode: var(--tweak-summary-block-blend); 5886 border-radius: var(--tweak-summary-block-radius); 5887 } 5888 5889 5890 5891 5892 5893 5894 5895 5896 5897 #block-33b069d62f580f50d41b { 5898 } 5899 5900</style> 5901 5902</div></div></div></div></div> 5903 </div> 5904 </aside> 5905 5906 5907 </section> 5908 </div> 5909 5910 </div> 5911 </div> 5912
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Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.