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730<a href='https://www.satishkashyap.com/2020/08/dc-motor-control-and-pwm-unit-17-review.html'>DC Motor Control and PWM - Unit 17 - Review Questions & Answers from 8051 Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems by Mazidi</a>
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736<p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">&nbsp;SECTION 17.1: RELAYS AND OPTOISOLATORS</b></p><p>1. Give one application where would you use a relay.</p><p>2. Why do we place a driver between the microcontroller and the relay?&nbsp;</p><p>3. What is an NC relay?</p><p>4. Why are relays that use coils called electromechanical relays?</p><p>5. What is the advantage of a solid-state relay over EMR?&nbsp;</p><p>6. What is the advantage of an optoisolator over an EM relay?&nbsp;</p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers:&nbsp;</span></b></p><p>1. With a relay we can use a 5 V digital system to control 12 V-120 V devices such as horns and appliances.&nbsp;</p><p>2. Since microcontroller I digital outputs lack sufficient current to energize the relay, we need a driver.</p><p>3. When the coil is not energized, the contact is closed.&nbsp;</p><p>4. When current flows through the coil, a magnetic field is created around the coil, which causes the armature to be attracted to the coil.&nbsp;</p><p>5. It is faster and needs less current to get energized.</p><p>6. It is smaller and can be connected to the microcontroller directly without a driver.&nbsp;</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 17.2: STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING&nbsp;</b></p><p>1. Give the 4-step sequence of a stepper motor if we start with 0110.</p><p>2. A stepper motor with a step angle of 5 degrees has steps per revolution.</p><p>3. Why do we put a driver between the microcontroller and the stepper motor?&nbsp;</p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers:&nbsp;</span></b></p><p>1. 0110, 0011, 1001, 1100 for clockwise; and 0110, 1100, 1001, 0011 for counterclockwise&nbsp;</p><p>2. 72</p><p>3. Because the microcontroller pins do not provide sufficient current to drive the stepper motor&nbsp;</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 17.3: DC MOTOR INTERFACING AND PWM</b></p><p>1. True or false. The permanent magnet field DC motor has only two leads for +ve and -ve voltages.</p><p>2. True or false. Just like a stepper motor, one can control the exact angle of a DC motor's move.&nbsp;</p><p>3. Why do we put a driver between the microcontroller and the DC motor?</p><p>4. How do we change a DC motor's rotation direction?&nbsp;</p><p>5. What is stall in a DC motor?</p><p>6. True or false. PWM allows the control of a DC motor with the same phase, but different amplitude pulses.&nbsp;</p><p>7. The RPM rating given for the DC motor is for __________ (no-load, loaded).&nbsp;</p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers:&nbsp;</span></b></p><p>1. True&nbsp;</p><p>2. False</p><p>3. Since microcontroller I digital outputs lack sufficient current to drive the DC motor, we need a driver.&nbsp;</p><p>4. By reversing the polarity of voltages connected to the leads</p><p>5. The DC motor is stalled if the load is beyond what it can handle</p><p>6. False</p><p>7. No-load</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>
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799<a href='https://www.satishkashyap.com/2020/08/ds12887-rtc-interfacing-and-programming.html'>DS12887 RTC Interfacing and Programming - Unit 16 - Review Questions & Answers from 8051 Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems by Mazidi</a>
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805<p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 16.1: DS12887 RTC INTERFACING</b></p><p>1. True or false. All of the RAM contents of the DS12887 are nonvolatile.</p><p>2. How many bytes of RAM in the DS12887 are set aside for the clock and date?&nbsp;</p><p>3. How many bytes of RAM in the DS12887 are set aside for general-purpose applications?</p><p>4. True or false. The NV-RAM contents of the DS12887 can last up to 10 years without an external power source.&nbsp;</p><p>5. Which pin of the DS12887 is the same as the ALE pin in the 8051?</p><p>6. True or false. When the DS12887 is shipped, its oscillator is turned on.&nbsp;</p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers:&nbsp;</span></b></p><p>1. True&nbsp;</p><p>2. 9</p><p>3. 114</p><p>4. True</p><p>5. AS&nbsp;</p><p>6. False&nbsp;</p><p><br /></p><p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 16.2: DS12887 RTC PROGRAMMING IN C&nbsp;</b></p><p>1. True or false. The time and date are not updated during the initialization of RTC.</p><p>2. What address range is used for the time and date?&nbsp;</p><p>3. Give the address of the first RAM location belonging to general-purpose applications.</p><p>4. Give the C statement to set the month to October.&nbsp;</p><p>5. Give the C statement to set the year to 2009.&nbsp;</p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers:&nbsp;</span></b></p><p>1. True&nbsp;</p><p>2. 0-9</p><p>3. 0EH (14 in decimal)</p><p>4. XBYTE[8]=0xOA;</p><p>5. XBYTE[09]=0x09; where the 20 part of 2009 is assumed.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 16.3: ALARM, SQW, AND IRQ FEATURES OF THE DS12887 CHIP&nbsp;</b></p><p>1. Which bit of register B belongs to the SQW pin?</p><p>2. True or false. The IRQ out pin of DS12887 is active low.&nbsp;</p><p>3. Which bit of register B belongs to alarm interrupt?</p><p>4. Give the address locations for hh:mm:ss of the alarm.&nbsp;</p><p>5. If the source of activation for IRQ is alarm, then explain how the IRQ pin is activated.</p><p>6. What is the difference between the AF and AIE bits?&nbsp;</p><p>7. What is the difference between the PF and PIE bits?&nbsp;</p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers:&nbsp;</span></b></p><p>1. D3 of D0 - D7&nbsp;</p><p>2. True&nbsp;</p><p>3. D5</p><p>4. Byte addresses of 1, 3, 5</p><p>5. If the AIE bit of Reg B is set to 1, then the IRQ pin is activated. This happens due to the AF bit in register C going high when the alarm time and real time values match.</p><p>6. The AF bit in register C becomes high when the alarm time and real time values match, while the AIE bit of register B simply allows the AF to be directed to the IRQ pin.</p><p>7. The PF bit in register C becomes high when the edge is detected for the periodic interrupt, while the PIE bit of reg&#173;ister B simply allows the PF to be directed to the IRQ pin.&nbsp;</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>
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868<a href='https://www.satishkashyap.com/2020/08/relay-optoisolator-and-stepper-motor.html'>Relay, Optoisolator, and Stepper Motor - Unit 15 - Review Questions & Answers from 8051 Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems by Mazidi</a>
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874<p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">&nbsp;SECTION 15.1: PROGRAMMING THE 8255&nbsp;</b></p><p>1. Find the control byte if all ports are inputs.</p><p>2. Find the control byte for PC = in, PB = out, and PA = out.&nbsp;</p><p>3. True or false. To avoid aliases, we must decode addresses A0 - A15.</p><p>4. Can 86H be the base address for port A of the 8255?</p><p>5. Why do we use the MOVX instruction to access the ports of the 8255?&nbsp;</p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers:&nbsp;</span></b></p><p>1. 9BH</p><p>2. 89H&nbsp;</p><p>3. True</p><p>4. It cannot since we must have Al = 0 and AO = 0 for the base address.&nbsp;</p><p>5. The MOVX instruction allows access to external memory and 8255 is mapped as memory-mapped I/0.&nbsp;</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 15.2: 8255 INTERFACING&nbsp;</b></p><p>1. Modify the stepper motor program to turn counterclockwise.</p><p>2. True or false. In programming the LCD via an 8255 (without checking the busy flag), port A is always an output port.</p><p>3. True or false. In the LCD connection to the 8255, we must have a long delay before issuing the next data if we are not checking the busy flag.&nbsp;</p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers:&nbsp;</span></b></p><p>1. "RR A" is changed to "RL A".&nbsp;</p><p>2. True</p><p>3. True&nbsp;</p>
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