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Give one application where would you use a relay.</p><p>2. Why do we place a driver between the microcontroller and the relay? </p><p>3. What is an NC relay?</p><p>4. Why are relays that use coils called electromechanical relays?</p><p>5. What is the advantage of a solid-state relay over EMR? </p><p>6. What is the advantage of an optoisolator over an EM relay? </p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers: </span></b></p><p>1. With a relay we can use a 5 V digital system to control 12 V-120 V devices such as horns and appliances. </p><p>2. Since microcontroller I digital outputs lack sufficient current to energize the relay, we need a driver.</p><p>3. When the coil is not energized, the contact is closed. </p><p>4. When current flows through the coil, a magnetic field is created around the coil, which causes the armature to be attracted to the coil. </p><p>5. It is faster and needs less current to get energized.</p><p>6. It is smaller and can be connected to the microcontroller directly without a driver. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 17.2: STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING </b></p><p>1. Give the 4-step sequence of a stepper motor if we start with 0110.</p><p>2. A stepper motor with a step angle of 5 degrees has steps per revolution.</p><p>3. Why do we put a driver between the microcontroller and the stepper motor? </p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers: </span></b></p><p>1. 0110, 0011, 1001, 1100 for clockwise; and 0110, 1100, 1001, 0011 for counterclockwise </p><p>2. 72</p><p>3. Because the microcontroller pins do not provide sufficient current to drive the stepper motor </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 17.3: DC MOTOR INTERFACING AND PWM</b></p><p>1. True or false. The permanent magnet field DC motor has only two leads for +ve and -ve voltages.</p><p>2. True or false. Just like a stepper motor, one can control the exact angle of a DC motor's move. </p><p>3. Why do we put a driver between the microcontroller and the DC motor?</p><p>4. How do we change a DC motor's rotation direction? </p><p>5. What is stall in a DC motor?</p><p>6. True or false. PWM allows the control of a DC motor with the same phase, but different amplitude pulses. </p><p>7. The RPM rating given for the DC motor is for __________ (no-load, loaded). </p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers: </span></b></p><p>1. True </p><p>2. False</p><p>3. Since microcontroller I digital outputs lack sufficient current to drive the DC motor, we need a driver. </p><p>4. By reversing the polarity of voltages connected to the leads</p><p>5. The DC motor is stalled if the load is beyond what it can handle</p><p>6. False</p><p>7. No-load</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p> 737<div style='clear: both;'></div> 738</div> 739<div class='post-footer'> 740<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> 741<span class='post-author vcard'> 742Posted by 743<span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> 744<meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/11400609355612168424' itemprop='url'/> 745<a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/11400609355612168424' rel='author' title='author profile'> 746<span itemprop='name'>Satish Kashyap</span> 747</a> 748</span> 749</span> 750<span class='post-timestamp'> 751</span> 752<span class='post-comment-link'> 753<a class='comment-link' href='https://www.satishkashyap.com/2020/08/dc-motor-control-and-pwm-unit-17-review.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 754No comments: 755 </a> 756</span> 757<span class='post-icons'>
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791 792</div> 793<div class='post-outer'> 794<div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> 795<meta content='83245777239558452' itemprop='blogId'/> 796<meta content='4002911515299879618' itemprop='postId'/> 797<a name='4002911515299879618'></a> 798<h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> 799<a href='https://www.satishkashyap.com/2020/08/ds12887-rtc-interfacing-and-programming.html'>DS12887 RTC Interfacing and Programming - Unit 16 - Review Questions & Answers from 8051 Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems by Mazidi</a> 800</h3> 801<div class='post-header'> 802<div class='post-header-line-1'></div> 803</div> 804<div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-4002911515299879618' itemprop='articleBody'> 805<p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 16.1: DS12887 RTC INTERFACING</b></p><p>1. True or false. All of the RAM contents of the DS12887 are nonvolatile.</p><p>2. How many bytes of RAM in the DS12887 are set aside for the clock and date? </p><p>3. How many bytes of RAM in the DS12887 are set aside for general-purpose applications?</p><p>4. True or false. The NV-RAM contents of the DS12887 can last up to 10 years without an external power source. </p><p>5. Which pin of the DS12887 is the same as the ALE pin in the 8051?</p><p>6. True or false. When the DS12887 is shipped, its oscillator is turned on. </p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers: </span></b></p><p>1. True </p><p>2. 9</p><p>3. 114</p><p>4. True</p><p>5. AS </p><p>6. False </p><p><br /></p><p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 16.2: DS12887 RTC PROGRAMMING IN C </b></p><p>1. True or false. The time and date are not updated during the initialization of RTC.</p><p>2. What address range is used for the time and date? </p><p>3. Give the address of the first RAM location belonging to general-purpose applications.</p><p>4. Give the C statement to set the month to October. </p><p>5. Give the C statement to set the year to 2009. </p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers: </span></b></p><p>1. True </p><p>2. 0-9</p><p>3. 0EH (14 in decimal)</p><p>4. XBYTE[8]=0xOA;</p><p>5. XBYTE[09]=0x09; where the 20 part of 2009 is assumed.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 16.3: ALARM, SQW, AND IRQ FEATURES OF THE DS12887 CHIP </b></p><p>1. Which bit of register B belongs to the SQW pin?</p><p>2. True or false. The IRQ out pin of DS12887 is active low. </p><p>3. Which bit of register B belongs to alarm interrupt?</p><p>4. Give the address locations for hh:mm:ss of the alarm. </p><p>5. If the source of activation for IRQ is alarm, then explain how the IRQ pin is activated.</p><p>6. What is the difference between the AF and AIE bits? </p><p>7. What is the difference between the PF and PIE bits? </p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers: </span></b></p><p>1. D3 of D0 - D7 </p><p>2. True </p><p>3. D5</p><p>4. Byte addresses of 1, 3, 5</p><p>5. If the AIE bit of Reg B is set to 1, then the IRQ pin is activated. This happens due to the AF bit in register C going high when the alarm time and real time values match.</p><p>6. The AF bit in register C becomes high when the alarm time and real time values match, while the AIE bit of register B simply allows the AF to be directed to the IRQ pin.</p><p>7. The PF bit in register C becomes high when the edge is detected for the periodic interrupt, while the PIE bit of reg­ister B simply allows the PF to be directed to the IRQ pin. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p> 806<div style='clear: both;'></div> 807</div> 808<div class='post-footer'> 809<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> 810<span class='post-author vcard'> 811Posted by 812<span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> 813<meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/11400609355612168424' itemprop='url'/> 814<a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/11400609355612168424' rel='author' title='author profile'> 815<span itemprop='name'>Satish Kashyap</span> 816</a> 817</span> 818</span> 819<span class='post-timestamp'> 820</span> 821<span class='post-comment-link'> 822<a class='comment-link' href='https://www.satishkashyap.com/2020/08/ds12887-rtc-interfacing-and-programming.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 823No comments: 824 </a> 825</span> 826<span class='post-icons'>
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860 861</div> 862<div class='post-outer'> 863<div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> 864<meta content='83245777239558452' itemprop='blogId'/> 865<meta content='8799851936193594959' itemprop='postId'/> 866<a name='8799851936193594959'></a> 867<h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> 868<a href='https://www.satishkashyap.com/2020/08/relay-optoisolator-and-stepper-motor.html'>Relay, Optoisolator, and Stepper Motor - Unit 15 - Review Questions & Answers from 8051 Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems by Mazidi</a> 869</h3> 870<div class='post-header'> 871<div class='post-header-line-1'></div> 872</div> 873<div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-8799851936193594959' itemprop='articleBody'> 874<p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;"> SECTION 15.1: PROGRAMMING THE 8255 </b></p><p>1. Find the control byte if all ports are inputs.</p><p>2. Find the control byte for PC = in, PB = out, and PA = out. </p><p>3. True or false. To avoid aliases, we must decode addresses A0 - A15.</p><p>4. Can 86H be the base address for port A of the 8255?</p><p>5. Why do we use the MOVX instruction to access the ports of the 8255? </p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers: </span></b></p><p>1. 9BH</p><p>2. 89H </p><p>3. True</p><p>4. It cannot since we must have Al = 0 and AO = 0 for the base address. </p><p>5. The MOVX instruction allows access to external memory and 8255 is mapped as memory-mapped I/0. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">SECTION 15.2: 8255 INTERFACING </b></p><p>1. Modify the stepper motor program to turn counterclockwise.</p><p>2. True or false. In programming the LCD via an 8255 (without checking the busy flag), port A is always an output port.</p><p>3. True or false. In the LCD connection to the 8255, we must have a long delay before issuing the next data if we are not checking the busy flag. </p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: x-large;">Answers: </span></b></p><p>1. "RR A" is changed to "RL A". </p><p>2. True</p><p>3. True </p> 875<div style='clear: both;'></div> 876</div> 877<div class='post-footer'> 878<div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> 879<span class='post-author vcard'> 880Posted by 881<span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> 882<meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/11400609355612168424' itemprop='url'/> 883<a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/11400609355612168424' rel='author' title='author profile'> 884<span itemprop='name'>Satish Kashyap</span> 885</a> 886</span> 887</span> 888<span class='post-timestamp'> 889</span> 890<span class='post-comment-link'> 891<a class='comment-link' href='https://www.satishkashyap.com/2020/08/relay-optoisolator-and-stepper-motor.html#comment-form' onclick=''> 892No comments: 893 </a> 894</span> 895<span class='post-icons'> 896<span class='item-control blog-admin pid-2117238811'> 897<a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=83245777239558452&postID=8799851936193594959&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> 898<img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> 899</a> 900</span> 901</span> 902<div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> 903<a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=83245777239558452&postID=8799851936193594959&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=83245777239558452&postID=8799851936193594959&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=83245777239558452&postID=8799851936193594959&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=83245777239558452&postID=8799851936193594959&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=83245777239558452&postID=8799851936193594959&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to P
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