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419</div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> 420<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="About_HausaDictionary.com">About HausaDictionary.com</h2></div> 421<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hausadictionary.com">HausaDictionary.com</a> aims to become among the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/reference-materials/dictionaries-and-encyclopedias/">top</a> most comprehensive online Hausa-English/English-Hausa dictionary and translation resource and reference. If you would like to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=hausadictionary%40gmail%2ecom&lc=US&item_name=HausaDictionary%2ecom&currency_code=USD&bn=PP%2dDonationsBF%3abtn_donate_SM%2egif%3aNonHosted">donate</a> or contribute, you may <a href="/Special:RequestAccount" title="Special:RequestAccount">request an account</a> or contact us at hausadictionary [ at ] gmail.com</li> 422<li>HausaDictionary.com na da burin zama cikakken Æamus a yanar gizo na Hausa zuwa Turanci da Turanci zuwa Hausa inshaAllah. Za ku iya bayar da gudunmawarku ta hanyar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=hausadictionary%40gmail%2ecom&lc=US&item_name=HausaDictionary%2ecom&currency_code=USD&bn=PP%2dDonationsBF%3abtn_donate_SM%2egif%3aNonHosted">nan</a> ko a tuntuÉe mu a hausadictionary [ a ] gmail.com</li></ul> 423<p>Ku biyo mu a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/hausadictionary">Twitter</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.twitter.com/hausadictionary">mobile</a>) | <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://instagr.am/hausadictionary">https://instagr.am/hausadictionary</a> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://facebook.com/hausadictionary">Facebook</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.facebook.com/hausadictionary">mobile</a>) 424</p><p>Made with â¤ï¸ for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arewa">Arewa</a>ð³ð¬ and the rest of the worldð by <a href="/Mahmud" title="Mahmud">Mahmud</a>. 425</p><p>Thank you! <> Mun Gode! 426</p> 427<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="About_the_Hausa_Language_[1][2][3]_[4]"><span id="About_the_Hausa_Language_.5B1.5D.5B2.5D.5B3.5D_.5B4.5D"></span>About the Hausa Language <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://hausadictionary.com/bu">[1]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language">[2]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Hausa_language">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://twitter.com/rhaplord/status/1535998186384461824">[4]</a></h2></div> 428<p>Hausa is the second-largest sub-Saharan African language in terms of numbers of native speakers. The greatest number of Hausa speakers are in the West African countries of Niger and Nigeria, but it is also spoken through large parts of West and Central Africa as a lingua franca or universal second language, especially among Muslims. It is written both in our alphabet and, outside urban areas, in a modified form of Arabic writing called Ajami. 429</p><p>Of the some 2,000 languages spoken on the African continent (one third of the worldâs known languages!), Hausa is one of the two most important in terms of number of speakers and geographical spread. Hausa and Swahili vie for first place, with both claiming some 50 million speakers, including both native and second language speakers. 430</p><p>Hausa is widely used in West Africa. It is a first language in the northern Nigeria, in much of Niger, and is the second language for many people in Benin, Chad, Cameroon, and Togo, northern Ghana, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Libya, southern Nigeria, and Sudan. In addition, communities of Hausa speakers can be found throughout the continent, as well as in Europe and the United States. Hausa is taught in major universities in Africa and around the world and all major international broadcasters include programming in Haus
430a ( BBC, Radio France Internationale, China Radio International, Voice of Russia, Voice of America, Deutsche Welle, and IRIB). Hausa also boasts a burgeoning film industry known as Kannywood (named after the major Hausa city of Kano). 431</p><p>Hausa belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language family which includes such well-known languages as Arabic, Amharic, and Hebrew. It is written in two different alphabets: the Latin alphabet (boko) and the Arabic alphabet (ajami). In Globally Speaking: Hausa, you will be introduced to both. 432</p><p>The majority of native Hausa speakers reside in Niger and Nigeria. Nigeria, which is the most populous country in Africa, with a population of close to 150 million, is the fifth biggest supplier of US crude oil imports, after Canada, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, and Venzuela. Hausa is a subject in Nigerian secondary schools and universities and is the language of instruction for the elementary grades in Hausa-speaking areas. More than half of the broadcasting on northern Nigerian radio and television stations is in Hausa, there are several Hausa language newspapers, and an lively publishing industry in Hausa. 433</p><p>The homeland of Hausa speakers is called Hausaland. From the late 9th through to the 15th century, this area which is today northern Nigeria and southern Niger, served as a nexus of cultural and economic activity. Exchanges of language, commerce, and religious belief and thought established this vast regionâs strategic importance throughout the Islamic world. 434</p><p>During medieval times, what is now Northern Nigeria had contact with the great African empires of ancient Ghana, Mali, Kanem Borno, and Songhay and with countries of the Mediterranean region and beyond. Islamic influence was firmly established by the end of the 14th century, and Kano was famous not only as a center of Islamic studies but also as an important commercial center of the states and societies in the Western Sudan. 435</p><p>The Hausa (how-zah) are the dominant ethnic group in Northern Nigeria and in Southern Niger. Hausa speak their own language but may also understand Arabic, English, and Yoruba. Most Hausa are Muslim. There are small communities of Hausa, known as Maguzawa that never converted to Islam and held onto their traditional religious beliefs. 436</p><p>The Hausa are primarily farmers and market traders. They also raise several types of livestock, except cattle, which are raised by the Fulani. The Hausa and the Fulani ethnic groups have lived alongside one another for hundreds of years. Those Fulani who chose to give up their semi-nomadic lifestyle and settle permanently in northern Nigeria have integrated the Hausa culture and language into their own. 437</p><p>Over the centuries, some Hausa have migrated to areas of Southern Nigeria in search of economic opportunities. Spreading along the trade routes, small Hausa populations can be found all across Nigeria and in enclaves as far away as Chad and Ghana. Both the Hausa and the Fulani were instrumental in spreading Islam all across West Africa. 438</p><p>Hausa society is very hierarchical. Social standing is determined by an individualâs family background, occupation, wealth and patron-client relationships. Occupation tends to be hereditary; the first son typically follows in his fatherâs footsteps. Wealth is important in Hausa society, as it facilitates the development of patron-client relationships and increases family prestige. 439</p> 440<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Excerpt_from_the_academic_paper:_Distant_Supervision_and_Noisy_Label_Learning_for_Low_Resource_Named_Entity_Recognition:_A_Study_on_Hausa_and_Yorùbá_[5]"><span id="Excerpt_from_the_academic_paper:_Distant_Supervision_and_Noisy_Label_Learning_for_Low_Resource_Named_Entity_Recognition:_A_Study_on_Hausa_and_Yor.C3.B9b.C3.A1_.5B5.5D"></span>Excerpt from the academic paper: Distant Supervision and Noisy Label Learning for Low Resource Named Entity Recognition: A Study on Hausa and Yorùbá <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.08370">[5]</a></h3></div> 441<p>Hausa language is the second most spoken indigenous language in Africa with over 40 million 442native speakers (Eberhard et al., 2019), and one of the three major languages in Nigeria, along with 443Igbo and Yorub` a. The language is native to the Northern part of Nigeria and the southern part of ´ 444Niger, and it is widely spoken in West and Central Africa as a trade language in eight other countries: 445Benin, Ghana, Cameroon, Togo, Cte dâIvoire, Chad, Burkina Faso, and Sudan. Hausa has several
446dialects but the one regarded as standard Hausa is the Kananci spoken in the ancient city of Kano 447in Nigeria. Kananci is the dialect popularly used in many local (e.g VON news1 448) and international 449news media such as BBC, VOA, DW and Radio France Internationale. Hausa is a tone language 450but the tones are often ignored in writings, the language is written in a modified Latin alphabet. 451Despite the popularity of Hausa as an important regional language in Africa and itâs popularity in 452news media, it has very little or no labelled data for common NLP tasks such as text classification, 453named entity recognition and question answering. 454</p> 455<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Why_Study_Hausa?_[6]"><span id="Why_Study_Hausa.3F_.5B6.5D"></span>Why Study Hausa? <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://afs.ku.edu/sites/afs.drupal.ku.edu/files/files/HausaLanguage.pdf">[6]</a></h3></div> 456<p>Hausa culture is spread throughout sub-Saharan West Africa, but the largest concentration of Hausa communities occurs in northern Nigeria. Hausa is classified as an Afroasiatic language of the Chadic subfamily. One of the most prominent languages of West Africa, Hausa is spoken by approximately fifty million native language speakers, and another ten to fifteen million non-native speakers. Hausa is spoken throughout the northern half of Nigeria, and 457the southern belt of the Republic of Niger. It is also used as a trade language in North and Equatorial Africa 458</p><p>Centers of Islamic learning, such as Kano, not only served to facilitate scholarly exchanges between traveling scholars, but also to cultivate vast numbers of indigenous scholars, who composed manuscript works written in Arabic and in the traditional Arabic script known as Aâjami (used to write a range of languages including Hausa, Fulfulde, Kanuri, and Yoruba), and to advance book arts and crafts, including illumination, binding and calligraphy. These manuscripts provide a written testimony to the skill of African scientists, in astronomy, mathematics, chemistry, medicine and climatology in the Middle Ages. 459</p><p>Hausa is a Chadic language of West Africa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language">40-50 million people</a> speak it as a first or second language (about 3% of Africa <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://content.lionbridge.com/common-languages-worldwide-infographic/">[7]</a>). Itâs the most common trade language throughout the region. 460</p><p>West Africa is home to Nigeria, the continentâs most populated country. Here, millions of people are increasingly making online purchases. A major African leader in the IT boom, Nigeria helped position the nation as an emerging market for e-commerce. While cyber crime and logistical issues present some challenges, the opportunities in Nigeria are enormous for retailers who can capture attention and trust from the nationâs Hausa-speaking digital natives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.lionbridge.com/blog/retail/10-emerging-languages-of-global-consumers/">[8]</a> 461</p> 462<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A_Hausa_text_in_Ajami">A Hausa text in Ajami</h2></div> 463<p>The creation of the Sokoto Caliphate in the jihad (holy war) of 1804-8 created one of the largest and most powerful pre-colonial empires which, even after it was overpowered by the British in 1903, continued to be an important force in the region. 464</p><p>For more, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://twitter.com/emm_abdalla/status/1007049165237620737">https://twitter.com/emm_abdalla/status/1007049165237620737</a> 465</p> 466<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview_of_the_Hausa_Language">Overview of the Hausa Language</h2></div> 467<p>The Hausa language is primarily spoken in Nigeria and Niger, although it is also widely used as a lingua franca for communication between speakers of other languages in West Africa. Hausa is a member of the Chadic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. 468</p> 469<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Hausa_Alphabet_and_Hausa_Pronunciation">The Hausa Alphabet and Hausa Pronunciation</h3></div> 470<p>The Hausa language uses a variation of the Latin alphabet, which is also used by English. English speakers learning Hausa will therefore find that many Hausa letters look familiar, even if they don't always sound the same. However, there are also several letters can be written either as special characters (often called 'hooked consonants', because they appear to have small hooks on them) or as regular consonants with apostrophes. These letters represent glottalic consonants, a type of consonant sound which requires controlling the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) while speaking. This type of sound is not found in English. 471</p><p>Hausa is a tonal language, meaning that different tones can change a word's meaning. Language students who are beginning to learn Hausa should pay careful attention to the tones used by native speakers. There are three tones: the low tone, the high tone, and the falling tone. 472</p><p>The Hausa language also distinguishes between long and short vowel sounds. In some dictionaries and language references, tones and vowel length may be marked with various diacritics over vowels. However, the diacritic marks are not used in the everyday written form of the language, so the best way to learn Hausa pronunciation is to listen carefully to the way it is spoken by native speakers. 473</p> 474<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hausa_Vocabulary">Hausa Vocabulary</h3></div> 475<p>The language that has had the most influence on Hausa vocabulary is Arabic, from which it has borrowed numerous words over centuries of cultural contact. More recently, Hausa has borrowed vocabulary from English and French, particularly in the realm of technology. Usually, these loanwords are adapted to fit the sound system and grammar rules of the Hausa language. 476</p> 477<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hausa_Grammar">Hausa <a href="/Category:Grammar" title="Category:Grammar">Grammar</a></h3></div> 478<p>There are a number of grammar features that English speakers learning to speak Hausa may find interesting. For example, Hausa nouns have gender, meaning that every noun is considered to be either masculine or feminine. Other words in a sentence must agree with the gender of the noun. Adjectives usually come before the nouns they modify, although they can come afterwards in certain constructions. It is also very common to modify nouns with other nouns, especially those representing qualities, instead of using adjectives. The Hausa language has seven tenses plus an imperative mood, but the distinctions between the tenses are usually reflected in the subject pronouns rather than
478in the verbs themselves. The usual word order in Hausa sentences is Subject-Verb-Object, the same as English. 479</p> 480<!-- 481NewPP limit report 482Cached time: 20261002061755 483Cache expiry: 86400 484Reduced expiry: false 485Complications: [showâtoc] 486CPU time usage: 0.013 seconds 487Real time usage: 0.018 seconds 488Preprocessor visited node count: 28/1000000 489Revision size: 13117/2097152 bytes 490Postâexpand include size: 0/2097152 bytes 491Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes 492Highest expansion depth: 2/100 493Expensive parser function count: 0/100 494Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 495Unstrip postâexpand size: 0/5000000 bytes 496--> 497<!-- 498Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 499100.00% 0.000 1 -total 500--> 501 502<!-- Saved in parser cache with key hausa_dict:pcache:8229:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20261002061755 and revision id 153265. 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id="mw-panel-toc-label" class="citizen-menu__heading">Contents</div> 545 <div class="citizen-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> 546 <div class="citizen-toc-indicator"></div> 547 <ul class="citizen-toc-list"> 548 <li id="toc-About_HausaDictionary.com" 549 class="citizen-toc-list-item citizen-toc-level-1"> 550 <a class="citizen-toc-link cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" href="#About_HausaDictionary.com" role="button"> 551 <div class="citizen-toc-content"> 552 <div class="citizen-toc-text"> 553 <span class="citizen-toc-numb">1</span> 554 <span class="citizen-toc-heading">About HausaDictionary.com</span> 555 </div> 556 557 </div> 558 </a> 559 560 <ul id="toc-About_HausaDictionary.com-sublist" class="citizen-toc-list"> 561 </ul> 562 </li> 563 <li id="toc-About_the_Hausa_Language_[1][2][3]_[4]" 564 class="citizen-toc-list-item citizen-toc-level-1"> 565 <a class="citizen-toc-link cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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class="citizen-toc-list-item citizen-toc-level-2"> 583 <a class="citizen-toc-link cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" href="#Excerpt_from_the_academic_paper:_Distant_Supervision_and_Noisy_Label_Learning_for_Low_Resource_Named_Entity_Recognition:_A_Study_on_Hausa_and_Yorùbá_[5]" role="button"> 584 <div class="citizen-toc-content"> 585 <div class="citizen-toc-text"> 586 <span class="citizen-toc-numb">2.1</span> 587 <span class="citizen-toc-heading">Excerpt from the academic paper: Distant Supervision and Noisy Label Learning for Low Resource Named Entity Recognition: A Study on Hausa and Yorùbá [5]</span> 588 </div> 589 590 </div> 591 </a> 592 593 <ul id="toc-Excerpt_from_the_academic_paper:_Distant_Supervision_and_Noisy_Label_Learning_for_Low_Resource_Named_Entity_Recognition:_A_Study_on_Hausa_and_Yorùbá_[5]-sublist" class="citizen-toc-list"> 594 </ul> 595 </li> 596 <li id="toc-Why_Study_Hausa?_[6]" 597 class="citizen-toc-list-item citizen-toc-level-2"> 598 <a class="citizen-toc-link cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" href="#Why_Study_Hausa?_[6]" role="button"> 599 <div class="citizen-toc-content"> 600 <div class="citizen-toc-text"> 601 <span class="citizen-toc-numb">2.2</span> 602 <span class="citizen-toc-heading">Why Study Hausa? [6]</span> 603 </div> 604 605 </div> 606 </a> 607 608 <ul id="toc-Why_Study_Hausa?_[6]-sublist" class="citizen-toc-list"> 609 </ul> 610 </li> 611 </ul> 612 </li> 613 <li id="toc-A_Hausa_text_in_Ajami" 614 class="citizen-toc-list-item citizen-toc-level-1"> 615 <a class="citizen-toc-link cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" href="#A_Hausa_text_in_Ajami" role="button"> 616 <div class="citizen-toc-content"> 617 <div class="citizen-toc-text"> 618 <span class="citizen-toc-numb">3</span> 619 <span class="citizen-toc-heading">A Hausa text in Ajami</span> 620 </div> 621 622 </div> 623 </a> 624 625 <ul id="toc-A_Hausa_text_in_Ajami-sublist" class="citizen-toc-list"> 626 </ul> 627 </li> 628 <li id="toc-Overview_of_the_Hausa_Language" 629 class="citizen-toc-list-item citizen-toc-level-1"> 630 <a class="citizen-toc-link cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" href="#Overview_of_the_Hausa_Language" role="button"> 631 <div class="citizen-toc-content"> 632 <div class="citizen-toc-text"> 633 <span class="citizen-toc-numb">4</span> 634 <span class="citizen-toc-heading">Overview of the Hausa Language</span> 635 </div> 636 637 </div> 638 </a> 639 640 <button aria-controls="toc-Overview_of_the_Hausa_Language-sublist" class="citizen-toc-toggle cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--size-medium"> 641 <span class="citizen-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-collapse"></span> 642 <span>Toggle Overview of the Hausa Language subsection</span> 643 </button> 644 645 <ul id="toc-Overview_of_the_Hausa_Language-sublist" class="citizen-toc-list"> 646 <li id="toc-The_Hausa_Alphabet_and_Hausa_Pronunciation" 647 class="citizen-toc-list-item citizen-toc-level-2"> 648 <a class="citizen-toc-link cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" href="#The_Hausa_Alphabet_and_Hausa_Pronunciation" role="button"> 649 <div class="citizen-toc-content"> 650 <div class="citizen-toc-text"> 651 <span class="citizen-toc-numb">4.1</span> 652 <span class="citizen-toc-heading">The Hausa Alphabet and Hausa Pronunciation</span> 653 </div> 654 655 </div> 656 </a> 657 658 <ul id="toc-The_Hausa_Alphabet_and_Hausa_Pronunciation-sublist" class="citizen-toc-list"> 659 </ul> 660 </li> 661 <li id="toc-Hausa_Vocabulary" 662 class="citizen-toc-list-item citizen-toc-level-2"> 663 <a class="citizen-toc-link cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" href="#Haus
663a_Vocabulary" role="button"> 664 <div class="citizen-toc-content"> 665 <div class="citizen-toc-text"> 666 <span class="citizen-toc-numb">4.2</span> 667 <span class="citizen-toc-heading">Hausa Vocabulary</span> 668 </div> 669 670 </div> 671 </a> 672 673 <ul id="toc-Hausa_Vocabulary-sublist" class="citizen-toc-list"> 674 </ul> 675 </li> 676 <li id="toc-Hausa_Grammar" 677 class="citizen-toc-list-item citizen-toc-level-2"> 678 <a class="citizen-toc-link cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" href="#Hausa_Grammar" role="button"> 679 <div class="citizen-toc-content"> 680 <div class="citizen-toc-text"> 681 <span class="citizen-toc-numb">4.3</span> 682 <span class="citizen-toc-heading">Hausa Grammar</span> 683 </div> 684 685 </div> 686 </a> 687 688 <ul id="toc-Hausa_Grammar-sublist" class="citizen-toc-list"> 689 </ul> 690 </li> 691 </ul> 692 </li> 693 </ul> 694 </div> </div> 695 </nav> 696 </div> 697 </div> 698 <footer class="citizen-page-footer"> 699 <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> 700 <div class="page-info"> 701 <section id="footer-info-lastmod" class="page-info__item"> 702 <div class="page-info__label">Last modified</div> 703 <div class="page-info__text"> This page was last edited on 12 June 2022, at 15:00.</div> 704 </section> 705 </div> 706</footer> </div> 707 708 </main> 709 710 711 712<footer class="mw-footer citizen-footer" > 713 <div class="citizen-footer__container"> 714 <section class="citizen-footer__content"> 715 <div class="citizen-footer__siteinfo"> 716 <div id="footer-sitetitle" class="citizen-footer__sitetitle mw-wiki-title"> 717 <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/m/e/e5/HausaDictionary_logo_%28128%29.png 718" alt="" aria-hidden="true" loading="lazy" height="48" width="48"> 719 <div class="mw-logo-wordmark">HausaDictionary.com | Hausa English Translations</div> 720 </div> 721 <p id="footer-desc" class="citizen-footer__desc">The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary#Online_dictionaries">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingual_dictionary">bilingual dictionary</a> offering the most useful and accurate <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language">Hausa</a> to English or English to Hausa translations and definitions.<small><sup><small style="font-size:smaller;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://hausadictionary.com/MediaWiki:Citizen-footer-desc">[1]</a></small></sup></small></p> 722 </div> 723 <nav id="footer-places" > 724 <ul> 725 <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="/HausaDictionary.com_%7C_Hausa_English_Translations:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> 726 <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/HausaDictionary.com_%7C_Hausa_English_Translations:About">About HausaDictionary.com | Hausa English Translations</a></li> 727 <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/HausaDictionary.com_%7C_Hausa_English_Translations:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> 728 <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="https://hausadictionary.com/w/index.php?title=HausaDictionary.com_%7C_Hausa_English_Translations:About&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> 729 </ul> 730</nav> 731 </section> 732 <section class="citizen-footer__bottom"> 733 <div id="footer-tagline"><center><a href="/MediaWiki:Citizen-footer-tagline" title="MediaWiki:Citizen-footer-tagline">Est. 2013</a><center></center></center></div> 734 <nav id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> 735 <ul> 736 <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> 737 </ul> 738</nav> 739 </section> 740 </div> 741</footer> 742 743</div> 744<div class="citizen-sticky-header-container"> 745 <div id="citizen-sticky-header" class="citizen-sticky-header"> 746 <div class="citizen-sticky-header-background"></div> 747 <div class="citizen-sticky-header-inner"> 748 <div class="citizen-sticky-header-start">
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