PageSourceSearch

http://zdrav.expert/index.php/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:SubscribeZdrav?sub=sub

html zdrav.expert collected 2026-10-02 17:03:13 UTC 20,413 bytes, 515 lines download raw bytes

1<!doctype html>
2<head>
3
4	<meta charset="utf-8">
5<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
6
7<meta name="yandex" content="noindex, nofollow" ><meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow">
8
9<title>SubscribeZdrav </title>
10
11
12
13<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
14		<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch_desc.php" title="TADVISER (ru)" />
15		
16		
17
18<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
19
20<meta name='smw_id' content=''>
21
22
23<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
24<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True">
25
26<script type="text/javascript" src="/skins/common/wikibits.js?195"></script>
26
27
28
29
30<script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.google.com/jsapi'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 30
30
31<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.tadviser.ru/skins/ta/js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js?3"></script>
31
32
33	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/skins/ta/css/compile.css?84" />
34	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/skins/ta/css/main.css?42" />
35	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/skins/zdrav/css/zdrav.css?44" />
36
37
38<meta name="yandex-verification" content="6bbc617aab8b3964" />
39
40
41
42<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald" rel="stylesheet">
43<!--<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato" rel="stylesheet">-->
44
45<meta name="yandex-verification" content="70243a1720d7e591" />
46
47<meta name='robots' content='noindex,nofollow'>
48
49<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Служебная:SubscribeZdrav">
50
51
52
53				<meta property='og:title' content='SubscribeZdrav' />
54				<meta property='og:description' content='SubscribeZdrav'/>
55				<meta property='og:site_name' content='Zdrav.Expert'/>
56				<meta property='og:type' content='article'/>
57			<meta property="og:image" content="https://tadviser.ru/img/tadviser_logo.jpg"/>
58
59<!-- GOOGLE GRAPHS -->
60<script type="text/javascript">
61  google.load("visualization", "1", {packages:["corechart"]});
62
63  function drawChart(arr, div_id) {
64	var data = new google.visualization.DataTable();
65	data.addColumn('string', 'Task');
66	data.addColumn('number', 'Hours per Day');
67	data.addRows(arr);
68
69	var options = {
70	  width: 560, height: 200, 
71	  chartArea:{left:10,top:20}, 
72	  is3D: true, 
73	  legend:{position: 'right'},
74	};
75
76	var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById(div_id));
77	chart.draw(data, options);
78  }
79</script>
79
80<!-- // GOOGLE GRAPHS -->
81
82
83
84<!-- Карточка сайта -->
85<script type="application/ld+json">
86{
87	"@context": "https://schema.org",
88	"@type": "WebSite",
89	"name": "Zdrav.Expert",
90	"url": "https://zdrav.expert"
91}
92</script>
92    
93
94<script type="application/ld+json">
95{
96	"@context": "https://schema.org",
97	"@type": "Organization",
98	"name": "Zdrav.Expert",
99	"url": "https://zdrav.expert",
100	"logo": {
101		"@type": "ImageObject",
102		"url": "https://zdrav.expert/skins/zdrav/img/zdrav_logo.png",
103		"width": 289,
104		"height": 141
105	},
106	"description": "Zdrav.Expert - российское интернет-издание, освещающее темы, связанные с рынками медицинской техники и новых технологий в здравоохранении. Издание входит в состав медиа-компании TAdviser."
107}
108</script>
108
109
110<script type="application/ld+json">
111{
112	"@context": "https://schema.org",
113	"@type": "NewsArticle",
114	"headline": "SubscribeZdrav",
115	"image": ["https://tadviser.ru/img/tadviser_logo.jpg"],    
116	"author": {
117		"@type": "Organization",
118		"name": "Zdrav.Expert",
119		"url": "https://zdrav.expert"
120	},
121	"publisher": {
122		"@type": "Organization",
123		"name": "Zdrav.Expert",
124		"logo": {
125			"@type": "ImageObject",
126			"url": "https://zdrav.expert/skins/zdrav/img/zdrav_logo.png",
127			"width": 289,
128			"height": 141
129		},
130		"description": "Zdrav.Expert - российское интернет-издание, освещающее темы, связанные с рынками медицинской техники и новых технологий в здравоохранении. Издание входит в состав медиа-компании TAdviser."
131	},
132	"articleSection": ["Медицина"],
133	"keywords": "SubscribeZdrav",
134	"datePublished": "",
135	"dateModified": "",
136	"mainEntityOfPage": {
137		"@type": "WebPage",
138		"@id": "http://zdrav.expert/index.php/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:SubscribeZdrav?sub=sub"
139	}
140}
141</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 141
141
142<script type= "text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/
143		var skin = "zdrav";
144		var stylepath = "/skins";
145		var wgArticlePath = "/index.php/$1";
146		var wgScriptPath = "";
147		var wgScript = "/index.php";
148		var wgVariantArticlePath = false;
149		var wgActionPaths = {};
150		var wgServer = "http://zdrav.expert";
151		var wgCanonicalNamespace = "Special";
152		var wgCanonicalSpecialPageName = "SubscribeZdrav";
153		var wgNamespaceNumber = -1;
154		var wgPageName = "Служебная:SubscribeZdrav";
155		var wgTitle = "SubscribeZdrav";
156		var wgAction = "view";
157		var wgArticleId = 0;
158		var wgIsArticle = true;
159		var wgUserName = null;
160		var wgUserGroups = null;
161		var wgUserLanguage = "ru";
162		var wgContentLanguage = "ru";
163		var wgBreakFrames = false;
164		var wgCurRevisionId = 0;
165		var wgVersion = "1.14.0";
166		var wgEnableAPI = true;
167		var wgEnableWriteAPI = true;
168		var wgSeparatorTransformTable = [",	.", " 	,"];
169		var wgDigitTransformTable = ["", ""];
170		var wgRestrictionEdit = [];
171		var wgRestrictionMove = [];
172		/*]]>*/</script>
172
173
174
175<!-- Generated by OpenX 2.8.0 -->
176<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.tadviser.ru/openx2/www/delivery/spcjs.php?id=1'></script>
176
177
178<script type="text/javascript" src="/skins/common/wikibits.js?195"><!-- wikibits js --></script>
178
179
180<script type="text/javascript">var adContextKW='%5B%5D';</script>
180<!--#set var="adContextKW" value="%5B%5D" -->
181
182	<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon_zdrav.ico" />
183
184	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
185	<meta property="fb:app_id" content="165656677323734" />
186
187</head>
188<body  class=' ltr ns--1 ns-special page-Служебная_SubscribeZdrav'>
189<!-- Растяжка в шапке -->
190
191
192<div id="rastyjka_top" name='rastyjka_top' class='sticky'>
193	<!-- 2nd_FOOTER_UP -->
194<script type='text/javascript'><!--//<![CDATA[
195   var m3_u = (location.protocol=='https:'?'https://zdrav.expert/openx2/www/delivery/ajs.php':'http://zdrav.expert/openx2/www/delivery/ajs.php');
196   var m3_r = Math.floor(Math.random()*99999999999);
197   if (!document.MAX_used) document.MAX_used = ',';
198   document.write ("<scr"+"ipt type='text/javascript' src='"+m3_u);
199   document.write ("?zoneid=58");
200   document.write ("&amp;source="+adContextKW);
201   document.write ('&amp;cb=' + m3_r);
202   if (document.MAX_used != ',') document.write ("&amp;exclude=" + document.MAX_used);
203   document.write (document.charset ? '&amp;charset='+document.charset : (document.characterSet ? '&amp;charset='+document.characterSet : ''));
204   document.write ("&amp;loc=" + escape(window.location));
205   if (document.referrer) document.write ("&amp;referer=" + escape(document.referrer));
206   if (document.context) document.write ("&context=" + escape(document.context));
207   if (document.mmm_fo) document.write ("&amp;mmm_fo=1");
208   document.write ("'><\/scr"+"ipt>");
209//]]>--></script>
209</div>
210
211<div id="rastyjka_top2"></div>
212
213
214
215<!-- // Растяжка в шапке -->
216
217
218
219
220
221<div class="body_wrapper">
222<div class="body_sub_wrapper">
223
224<div id="wrapper">
225
226	<header>
227		<div id='ta-header'>
228			<div id='ta-header-top'>
229				<a href="http://zdrav.expert/index.php/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:SubscribeZdrav?sub=sub" target="_blank">Бесплатная подписка</a>
230				<a href="https://t.me/zdravexpert" target='_blank'>Telegram</a>
231
232				<a href="https://vk.com/zdrav.expert" target="_blank">VK</a>
233				<a href="http://zdrav.expert/xml/zdrav.xml" target="_blank">RSS</a> 
234			</div>
235
236			<div id='ta-header-middle'>
237				<a href='/'><img src='/skins/zdrav/img/zdrav_logo.png' height='88px' style='margin-top: -9px;'></a>
238
239				
240
241<div id='ta-header-middle-banner1'>
242	<a href="https://zdrav.expert/a/893649" target="_top"><div style="float:right;margin-top:0px;padding-right:15px;"><img src="https://www.tadviser.ru/inc/ear/76dc3638.png?798"></div></a>
243</div>
244<div id='ta-header-middle-banner2'>
245	<a href="https://zdrav.expert/a/889171" target="_top"><div style="float:right;margin-top:0px;padding-right:15px;"><img src="https://www.tadviser.ru/inc/ear/a5ecd799.png?331"></div></a>
246</div>
247
248
249
250			</div>
251
252
253			<nav id="ta-header-nav">
254
255				<a href='/' id='a-callend' ><img src='/skins/zdrav/design/img/house-logo.png' height="20px"></a>
256
257				<div id="ta-header-nav-search">
258					<form id='search' action="/index.php/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:Search"  onsubmit="return search_form_subm(this)">
259						<input type='text' placeholder='Поиск' name="search" id="searchInput" autocomplete="off">
260						<button class="search-btn"><img src='/skins/zdrav/design/img/search.svg' height='20px'></button>
261
262						<div id="extended_search" class="extended_search" style="display: none;"></div>
263
264						<div id='search_dop' style="">
265							<label><input type='checkbox' value='1' name='ns30'> Новости</label>
266							<label><input type='checkbox' value='1' name='ns132'> статьи</label>
267							<label><input type='checkbox' value='1' name='ns136'> Компании</label>
268							<label><input type='checkbox' value='1' name='ns142'> продукты</label>
269							<label><input type='checkbox' value='1' name='ns138'> проекты</label>
270							<label><input type='checkbox' value='1' name='ns140'> Персоны</label>
271							<label><input type='checkbox' value='1' name='ns6'> файлы</label>
272							
273							<hr>
274							<label><input type='radio' name='fulltext' value='0' checked> перейти</label>
275							<label><input type='radio' name='fulltext' value='1'> найти</label>		
276							
277						</div>
278					</form>
279					<div class='search-arrow search_dop_button'></div>
280
281				</div>
282			
283				<a href='/index.php/ВсеНовости2' class='mb '>Новости</a>
284				<a href='http://zdrav.expert/index.php/Компания:Zdrav.Expert' class='mb '>Об издании</a>
285
286			</nav>
287		</div>
288
289        
290        <!-- Yandex.RTB -->
291        
291<script>window.yaContextCb=window.yaContextCb||[]</script>
291
292        
292<script src="https://yandex.ru/ads/system/context.js" async></script>
292
293	</header>
294
295	<div class='ta-content'>
296
297<div id='content' class='clear'>	<!-- content -->
298		<div class="left_column"  >
299
300		<div id="about_list">
301			<ul class="red_dot grey_link">
302				<li><a href="/index.php/Статья:TAdviser_(Простые_правила_портала)">Простые правила портала</a></li>
303				<!--li><a href="/index.php/Служебная:AWCforum">Форум</a></li-->
304			</ul>
305		</div>
306
307		
308
309<!-- 2nd_LEFT_01 -->
310<script type='text/javascript'><!--// <![CDATA[
311    /* [id12] 2nd_LEFT_01 */
312    OA_show(12);
313// ]]> --></script>
313
314		<div id="private_list">
315				</div>
316
317		
318		
319			<div class="add_block">
320				<img alt="" src="/skins/ta/img/pink_corner_img.gif" class="pink_corner"/>
321				<ul class="grey_dot red_link small_text">
322												 <li id="ca-nstab-special" class="selected"><a href="/index.php/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:SubscribeZdrav?sub=sub" title="Это служебная страница, она недоступна для редактирования">Служебная страница</a></li>
323								</ul>
324			</div>
325		<br /><!-- 2nd_LEFT_02 -->
326<script type='text/javascript'>document.MAX_ct0 ='INSERT_CLICKURL_HERE';  var m3_u = (location.protocol=='https:'?'https://www.tadviser.ru/openx2/www/delivery/ajs.php':'http://www.tadviser.ru/openx2/www/delivery/ajs.php'); var m3_r = Math.floor(Math.random()*99999999999); if (!document.MAX_used) document.MAX_used=','; document.write ("<scr"+"ipt type='text/javascript' src='"+m3_u);  document.write ("?zoneid=13&amp;block=1"); document.write ('&cb='+m3_r);  if (document.MAX_used!=',') document.write ("&exclude="+document.MAX_used); document.write (document.charset?'&charset='+document.charset: (document.characterSet?'&charset='+document.characterSet:''));  document.write ("&loc="+escape(window.location));  if (document.referrer) document.write ("&referer="+escape(document.referrer));  if (document.context) document.write ("&context="+escape(document.context));  if ( (document.MAX_ct0.substring(0,4)=='http')) {      document.write ("&ct0="+escape(document.MAX_ct0));  }  if (document.mmm_fo) document.write ("&mmm_fo=1");  document.write ("'><\/scr"+"ipt>"); </script>
326
327
328	</div>
329
330		
331		<div class="double_right  "  >
332
333	
334			<div id="mw_contentholder">
335				<!-- здесь выводятся служебные сообщения -->
336				<div id="contentSub"><!-- этот блок не удалять !!! он используется в формах для вывода ошибок -->
337					<!---->
338				</div>
339			
340			<div style='width: 810px; float: left;'><div style='width: 240px; height: 100px; float: right; margin-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 50px;'></div><h2>Подписка на рассылку</h2><form method='POST' action='https://zdrav.expert/index.php/Служебная:SubscribeZdrav?sub=sub&cache=no&sk='><table><tr><td style='padding: 5px; width: 80px;'><b>Email*:</b></td><td><input  type='text' name='email' value='' style='width: 200px;'></td></tr></table><table><tr><td style='padding: 5px;'><input type='checkbox' name='zdrav' value=1  checked='checked' ></td><td><b><a href='/index.php/Служебная:SubscribeZdrav?sub=zdrav'>Еженедельная рассылка Zdrav.Expert</b></td></tr><tr><td style='padding: 5px;' colspan=2>
vendor: 63 bytes, line 340
340<script src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js'></script>
340<div class='g-recaptcha' data-sitekey='6LdQXbcqAAAAAIEsLu2hFjED-fpb13fvOqfwv1z2' style='float: left;'></td></tr><tr><td style='padding: 5px;' colspan=2><input type='submit' value='Подписаться' ></td></tr></table></form></div><div class="printfooter">
341Источник — «<a href="http://zdrav.expert/index.php/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:SubscribeZdrav">http://zdrav.expert/index.php/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:SubscribeZdrav</a>»</div>
342			<div class='mw_clear'></div>
343		
344		</div>
345	</div>
346	</div>		<div style='clear: both;'></div>
347
348
349	
350
351        <!-- Yandex.RTB R-A-257889-3 -->
352        <div id="yandex_rtb_R-A-257889-3"></div>
353        
353<script>
354        window.yaContextCb.push(() => {
355            Ya.Context.AdvManager.render({
356                "blockId": "R-A-257889-3",
357                "renderTo": "yandex_rtb_R-A-257889-3"
358            })
359        })
360        </script>
360
361        <br /><br />
362	
363	</div>
364
365		<div class="cookie_confirmation hidden">
366		<div>
367			Сайт использует файлы cookie. Продолжая пользоваться сайтом, вы подтверждаете свое согласие на использование файлов cookie в соответствии с <a href="https://zdrav.expert/a/912563">политикой использования файлов Cookie</a>.
368		</div>
369		<center><button>Подтверждаю</button></center>
370	</div>
371	
372	<footer>
373		<div id='ta-footer'>
374			<a href='/' id='ta-footer-logo-small'><img src="/img/zdrav_logo.jpg" alt="ZDRAV.EXPERT" height=60 /></a>
375			<div class='ta-footer-div'>
376				<a href="http://zdrav.expert/a/306543">Реклама</a>
377				<a href="http://zdrav.expert/a/306352">Контакты</a>
378				<a href='mailto: [email protected]'>[email protected]</a>
379
380						
381			</div>
382
383			<div class='ta-footer-div'>
384									
385Публикаций: 13557<br />
386Компаний: 4281<br />
387Продуктов: 3266<br />
388Проектов: 2563<br />
389		
390
391							</div>
392
393			<div class='ta-footer-div'>
394				<a href='http://zdrav.expert/index.php/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:SubscribeZdrav?sub=sub'>Бесплатная подписка</a>
395				<a href="https://t.me/zdravexpert"  target="_blank">Telegram</a>
396				<a href="https://vk.com/zdrav.expert" target="_blank">VK</a>
397
398			</div>			
399
400			<div class='ta-footer-div ta-footer-div-copyrights'>
401				<a href="http://www.tadviser.ru">TAdviser.ru</a>
402				<a href="http://tadviser.com">TAdviser.com</a>
403
404				<p>Материалы, помеченные знаком  <img src='https://www.tadviser.ru/images/2/28/Favicon_zdrav.png' height=11>,  являются рекламой</p>
405
406				<p>Все права защищены и охраняются законом. © 2005-2026 </p>
407
408				<a href='/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:UserLogin&amp;returnto=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:SubscribeZdrav'  title="Здесь можно зарегистрироваться в системе, но это необязательно. [o]" accesskey="o">Войти</a>
409			
410			</div>
411
412			<div class='ta-footer-div ta-footer-div-18' style='height: auto; float: right;'>
413				<img src='/skins/zdrav/design/img/18+.svg'>
414			</div>
415
416
417			<div class='ta-footer-div ta-footer-div-counter' style='margin-right: 0; height: auto;'>
418				<!-- Yandex.Metrika counter -->
418<script type="text/javascript"> (function (d, w, c) { (w[c] = w[c] || []).push(function() { try { w.yaCounter34225945 = new Ya.Metrika({ id:34225945, clickmap:true, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true }); } catch(e) { } }); var n = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0], s = d.createElement("script"), f = function () { n.parentNode.insertBefore(s, n); }; s.type = "text/javascript"; s.async = true; s.src = "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/watch.js"; if (w.opera == "[object Opera]") { d.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", f, false); } else { f(); } })(document, window, "yandex_metrika_callbacks");</script>
418<noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/34225945" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript><!-- /Yandex.Metrika counter -->
419
420			</div>
421
422			<div style='clear: both;'></div>
423		</div>
424	
425		
425<script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.tadviser.ru/skins/ta/js/jquery-ui.min.js'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 425
425
426<script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.tadviser.ru/skins/ta/js/jquery.cookie.js'></script>
426
427<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.tadviser.ru/skins/ta/css/jquery-ui.min.css" />
428
429<script src="/skins/zdrav/design/js/main.js?10"></script>
429
430
431
432
433<script src="/inc/jquery/easing.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
433
434<!-- UItoTop plugin -->
435<script src="/inc/jquery/jquery.ui.totop.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
vendor: 74 bytes, lines 435-444
435
436
437<script src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js'></script> 
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445<script type="text/javascript" src="/skins/common/ajax.js?195"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 445
445
446<script src="/skins/zdrav/js/SearchSuggest.js?1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 446
446
447<script >hookEvent("load", ss_ajax_onload);</script>
447	</footer>
448
449
450	<!--FULLSCREEN-->
451	<!--/* OpenX Interstitial or Floating DHTML Tag v2.8.4 */-->
452<style>
453.overlay {
454		position:fixed; 
455		z-index:9999; 
456		top:0;
457		left:0; 
458		right:0; 
459		bottom:0; 
460		background:#000; opacity:0.5; 
461		filter: alpha(opacity=50);
462}
463
464#fullscreen div
465{
466	z-index: 9999999 !important;
467}
468</style>
469
470<script>
471 function fullscreen_show_over()
472 {
473   var fch2_obj = document.getElementById(fch2_id);
474   if (fch2_obj.style.display == 'block')
475   {
476     document.getElementById('banner_bg').style.display = 'block';
477   }
478   else
479   {
480     document.getElementById('banner_bg').style.display = 'none';
481     clearInterval('fullscreen_interval');
482   }
483 }
484</script>
484
485
486<div id='banner_bg'  class='overlay' style='display:none;'></div>
487
488
489
490<div id='fullscreen'>
491
492
493
494<script type='text/javascript'>
495if (screen.width > '700')
496{
497   var ox_u = 'http://zdrav.expert/openx2/www/delivery/al.php?zoneid=71&target=_blank&charset=UTF-8&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&ct0=INSERT_CLICKURL_HERE&layerstyle=simple&align=center&valign=middle&padding=2&charset=UTF-8&closetime=140&padding=2&shifth=0&shiftv=0&closebutton=t&backcolor=FFFFFF&bordercolor=888888&source='+adContextKW;
498   if (document.context) ox_u += '&context=' + escape(document.context);
499   document.write("<scr"+"ipt type='text/javascript' src='" + ox_u + "'></scr"+"ipt>");
500}
501</script>
501
502</div>
503
504
505<!--
506<script type="text/javascript" src="/skins/ta/js/footer.js?5"></script>
506
507
508-->
509
510
511
512</body>
513
514		
514<script type="text/javascript">if (window.runOnloadHook) runOnloadHook();</script>
514
515</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.