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89/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */
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91
92<link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='//extrudesign.com/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=7.1.2' media='all' />
93<script id="jquery-core-js" src="//extrudesign.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1"></script>
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95<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://extrudesign.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://extrudesign.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/20397" />		
95<script>
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97		</script>
97
98				<style>
99			.no-js img.lazyload {
100				display: none;
101			}
102
103			figure.wp-block-image img.lazyloading {
104				min-width: 150px;
105			}
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107			.lazyload,
108			.lazyloading {
109				--smush-placeholder-width: 100px;
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120			.lazyloaded {
121				opacity: 1;
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123				transition-delay: 0ms;
124			}
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127		<!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
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127
128<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=
128UA-93039670-1
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128"></script>
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136
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141
142<script id="mcjs">!function(c,h,i,m,p){m=c.createElement(h),p=c.getElementsByTagName(h)[0],m.async=1,m.src=i,p.parentNode.insertBefore(m,p)}(document,"script","https://chimpstatic.com/mcjs-connected/js/users/3cc76b42b1476d7c921359d94/a1314c93f7f5d8a484c8c58d1.js");</script>
142
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149<!-- Ezoic Ad Testing Code-->
150
151<meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" />
152<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="#000000"><style type="text/css">.site-header .title-area { background: url(https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-Extrudesigner-BLOG-HEADER-V4-2.png) no-repeat !important; }</style>
153<link rel="icon" href="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/cropped-ExtruDesign-logo-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" />
154<link rel="icon" href="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/cropped-ExtruDesign-logo-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" />
155<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/cropped-ExtruDesign-logo-180x180.png" />
156<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/cropped-ExtruDesign-logo-270x270.png" />
157<style id="wp-custom-css">
158/*body,a,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,span,input{
159font-family:'Segoe UI';
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162a{
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169.site-title a{
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179
180.site-footer {
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183    color: white;
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186.footer-widgets {
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190.footer-widgets a{
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194.site-footer a, .site-footer a:hover{
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197
198
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200input[type="button"],
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206border-radius: 20px;
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208.genesis-nav-menu .sub-menu a {
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219}
220.archive-description {
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225
226*/
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228@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Sans|Roboto');
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230body,input,textarea,span{
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238.site-description {
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242.author-box-title{
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244}
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246.author-box-content{
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250.author-box{
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252}
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254.wpcf7 {
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259}
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262}
263
264
265
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270}
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275.page-id-1536 .entry-title {display: none;}
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277.page-id-6 .entry-title {display: none;}
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279.page-id-667 .entry-title {display: none;}
280
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336</ul></div></nav></div></header><div class="site-inner"><div class="wrap"><p class="site-description" itemprop="description">Mechanical Engineering Blog</p><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content"><article class="post-20397 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-machine-design entry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Sliding Contact Bearings</h1>
337<p class="entry-meta"><time class="entry-time" itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2024-02-28T21:00:00+05:30">February 28, 2024</time> by <span class="entry-author" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://extrudesign.com/author/sundardannana/" class="entry-author-link" itemprop="url" rel="author"><span class="entry-author-name" itemprop="name">Sundar</span></a></span> <span class="entry-comments-link"><a href="https://extrudesign.com/sliding-contact-bearings/#respond">Leave a Comment</a></span> </p></header><div class="entry-content" itemprop="text">
338<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A bearing is a machine element that supports another moving machine element known as a journal. It enables a relative motion between the contact surfaces of the members while carrying the load. While doing so a certain amount of power is wasted in overcoming frictional resistance due to the relative motion between the contact surfaces. We need to study the types of Bearings, design, and materials used for bearings briefly. In the previous article, we discussed the <a href="https://extrudesign.com/bearings-classification-types-of-bearings/">different types of Bearings</a>. Sliding Contact Bearings are one of the types of bearings depending upon the nature of contact. In this article, let us discuss the Sliding Contact Bearings in detail such as types, materials, and their essential properties.</p><!-- Ezoic - wp_under_page_title - under_page_title --><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-149" data-inserter-version="2" data-placement-location="under_page_title"></div>
338<script data-ezoic="1">ezstandalone.cmd.push(function () { ezstandalone.showAds(149); });</script>
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339
340
341<div class="wp-block-image">
342<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="1600" height="827" data-src="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sliding-Contact-Bearings-604001-min.jpg" alt="Sliding Contact Bearings" class="wp-image-20527 lazyload" data-srcset="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sliding-Contact-Bearings-604001-min.jpg 1600w, https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sliding-Contact-Bearings-604001-min-300x155.jpg 300w, https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sliding-Contact-Bearings-604001-min-1024x529.jpg 1024w, https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sliding-Contact-Bearings-604001-min-768x397.jpg 768w, https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sliding-Contact-Bearings-604001-min-1536x794.jpg 1536w" data-sizes="(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1600/827;" /></figure>
343</div>
344
345
346<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A little consideration will show that a certain amount of power is wasted in overcoming frictional resistance due to the relative motion between the contact surfaces. If the rubbing surfaces are in direct contact, there will be rapid wear. To reduce frictional resistance and wear and in some cases to carry away the heat generated, a layer of fluid known as lubricant may be provided. The lubricant used to separate the journal and bearing is usually a mineral oil refined from petroleum, but vegetable oils, silicon oils, greases, etc., may be used.</p>
347
348
349
350<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sliding Contact Bearings</h2>
351
352
353
354<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The sliding contact bearings in which the sliding action is guided in a straight line and carrying radial loads, as shown in the following figure, may be called&nbsp;slipper&nbsp;or&nbsp;guide bearings.&nbsp;Such types of bearings are usually found in cross-head of steam engines.</p><!-- Ezoic - wp_under_first_paragraph - under_first_paragraph --><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-157" data-inserter-version="2" data-placement-location="under_first_paragraph"></div>
354<script data-ezoic="1">ezstandalone.cmd.push(function () { ezstandalone.showAds(157); });</script>
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355
356
357<div class="wp-block-image">
358<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="589" height="595" data-src="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bearings-Classification-Types-of-Bearings-603006.png" alt="Full journal bearing" class="wp-image-20505 lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 589px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 589/595;width:262px;height:auto" data-srcset="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bearings-Classification-Types-of-Bearings-603006.png 589w, https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bearings-Classification-Types-of-Bearings-603006-297x300.png 297w" data-sizes="(max-width: 589px) 100vw, 589px" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Full journal bearing</figcaption></figure>
359</div>
360
361
362<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The sliding contact bearings in which the sliding action is along the circumference of a circle or an arc of a circle and carrying radial loads are known as&nbsp;journal&nbsp;or&nbsp;sleeve bearings.&nbsp;When the angle of contact of the bearing with the journal is 360&#xB0; as shown in the above figure, then the bearing is called a&nbsp;full journal bearing.&nbsp;This type of bearing is commonly used in industrial machinery to accommodate bearing loads in any radial direction.</p>
363
364
365
366<p class="wp-block-paragraph">When the angle of contact of the bearing with the journal is 120&#xB0;, as shown in the following figure, then the bearing is said to be&nbsp;a partial journal bearing.&nbsp;This type of bearing has less friction than a full journal bearing, but it can be used only where the load is always in one direction. The most common application of the partial journal bearings is found in railroad car axles. The full and partial journal bearings may be called as&nbsp;clearance bearings&nbsp;because the diameter of the journal is less than that of the bearing.</p>
367
368
369<div class="wp-block-image">
370<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="434" height="396" data-src="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bearings-Classification-Types-of-Bearings-603007.png" alt="Sliding Contact Bearings" class="wp-image-20506 lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 434px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 434/396;width:224px;height:auto" data-srcset="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bearings-Classification-Types-of-Bearings-603007.png 434w, https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bearings-Classification-Types-of-Bearings-603007-300x274.png 300w" data-sizes="(max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Partial journal bearing</figcaption></figure>
371</div>
372
373
374<p class="wp-block-paragraph">When a partial journal bearing has no clearance&nbsp;<em>i.e</em>. the diameters of the journal and bearing are equal, then the bearing is called a&nbsp;fitted bearing,&nbsp;as shown in the following figure.</p><!-- Ezoic - wp_under_second_paragraph - under_second_paragraph --><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-158" data-inserter-version="2" data-placement-location="under_second_paragraph"></div>
374<script data-ezoic="1">ezstandalone.cmd.push(function () { ezstandalone.showAds(158); });</script>
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375
376
377<div class="wp-block-image">
378<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="516" height="492" data-src="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bearings-Classification-Types-of-Bearings-603008.png" alt="Fitted journal bearing" class="wp-image-20507 lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 516px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 516/492;width:210px;height:auto" data-srcset="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bearings-Classification-Types-of-Bearings-603008.png 516w, https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bearings-Classification-Types-of-Bearings-603008-300x286.png 300w" data-sizes="(max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Fitted journal bearing</figcaption></figure>
379</div>
380
381
382<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Types of Sliding Contact Bearings</h2>
383
384
385
386<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The sliding contact bearings, according to the thickness of the layer of the lubricant between the bearing and the journal, may also be classified as follows:</p>
387
388
389
390<ol class="wp-block-list">
391<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Thick film bearings:</span>&#xA0;The thick film bearings are those in which the working surfaces are completely separated from each other by the lubricant. Such types of bearings are also called&#xA0;hydrodynamic lubricated bearings.</li>
392
393
394
395<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Thin film bearings:</span>&#xA0;Thin film bearings are those in which, although lubricant is present, the working surfaces partially contact each other at least part of the time. Such types of bearings are also called&#xA0;boundary-lubricated bearings.</li>
396
397
398
399<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Zero film bearing:</span>&#xA0;The zero film bearings are those that operate without any lubricant present.</li>
400
401
402
403<li><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Hydrostatic or externally pressurized lubricated bearings:</span>&#xA0;Hydrostatic bearings are those that can support steady loads without any relative motion between the journal and the bearing. This is achieved by forcing externally pressurized lubricant between the members.</li>
404</ol>
405
406
407
408<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Hydrodynamic Lubricated Bearings</h3>
409
410
411
412<p class="wp-block-paragraph">We have already discussed that in hydrodynamic lubricated bearings, there is a thick film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing. A little consideration will show that when the bearing is supplied with sufficient lubricant, pressure is built up in the clearance space when the journal is rotating about an axis that is eccentric with the bearing axis. The load can be supported by this fluid pressure without any actual contact between the journal and the bearing. The load-carrying ability of a hydrodynamic bearing arises simply because a viscous fluid resists being pushed around. Under the proper conditions, this resistance to motion will develop a pressure distribution in the lubricant film that can support a useful load.</p>
413
414
415
416<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Properties of Sliding Contact Bearing Materials</h2>
417
418
419
420<p class="wp-block-paragraph">When the journal and the bearings have proper lubrication&nbsp;<em>i.e</em>. there is a film of clean, non-corrosive lubricant in between, separating the two surfaces in contact, the only requirement of the bearing material is that they should have sufficient strength and rigidity. However, the conditions under which bearings must operate in service are generally far from ideal and thus the other properties as discussed below must be considered in selecting the best material.</p>
421
422
423<div class="wp-block-image">
424<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="500" height="391" data-src="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sliding-Contact-Bearings-604002.jpg" alt="Properties of Sliding Contact Bearing Materials" class="wp-image-20609 lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 500px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 500/391;width:449px;height:auto" data-srcset="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sli
424ding-Contact-Bearings-604002.jpg 500w, https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sliding-Contact-Bearings-604002-300x235.jpg 300w" data-sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==" /></figure>
425</div>
426
427
428<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">1.&nbsp;Compressive strength:</span>&nbsp;The maximum bearing pressure is considerably greater than the average pressure obtained by dividing the load to the projected area. Therefore the bearing material should have high compressive strength to withstand this maximum pressure so as to prevent extrusion or other permanent deformation of the bearing.</p><!-- Ezoic - wp_mid_content - mid_content --><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-159" data-inserter-version="2" data-placement-location="mid_content"></div>
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429
430
431
432<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2.&nbsp;Fatigue strength:</span>&nbsp;The bearing material should have sufficient fatigue strength so that it can withstand repeated loads without developing surface fatigue cracks. It is of major importance in aircraft and automotive engines.</p>
433
434
435
436<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">3.&nbsp;Comfortability:</span>&nbsp;It is the ability of the bearing material to accommodate shaft deflections and bearing inaccuracies by plastic deformation (or creep) without excessive wear and heating.</p>
437
438
439
440<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">4.&nbsp;Embeddability:</span>&nbsp;It is the ability of bearing material to accommodate (or embed) small particles of dust, grit, etc., without scoring the material of the journal.</p>
441
442
443
444<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">5.&nbsp;Bondability:</span>&nbsp;Many high-capacity bearings are made by bonding one or more thin layers of a bearing material to a high-strength steel shell. Thus, the strength of the bond&nbsp;<em>i.e</em>. bondability is an important consideration in selecting bearing material.</p><!-- Ezoic - wp_long_content - long_content --><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-160" data-inserter-version="2" data-placement-location="long_content"></div>
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445
446
447
448<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">6.&nbsp;Corrosion resistance:</span>&nbsp;The bearing material should not corrode away under the action of lubricating oil. This property is of particular importance in internal- combustion engines where the same oil is used to lubricate the cylinder walls and bearings. In the cylinder, the lubricating oil comes into contact with hot cylinder walls and may oxidize and collect carbon deposits from the walls.</p>
449
450
451
452<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">7.&nbsp;Thermal conductivity:</span>&nbsp;The bearing material should be of high thermal conductivity so as to permit the rapid removal of the heat generated by friction.</p>
453
454
455
456<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">8.&nbsp;Thermal expansion:</span>&nbsp;The bearing material should have of low coefficient of thermal expansion so that when the bearing operates over a wide range of temperatures, there is no undue change in the clearance.</p>
457
458
459
460<p class="wp-block-paragraph">All these properties as discussed above are, however, difficult to find in any particular bearing material. The various materials are used in practice, depending upon the requirement of the actual service conditions. The choice of material for any application must represent a compromise. The following table shows a comparison of some of the properties of more common metallic-bearing materials.</p><!-- Ezoic - wp_longer_content - longer_content --><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-161" data-inserter-version="2" data-placement-location="longer_content"></div>
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461
462
463
464<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Bearing material&nbsp;</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Tin base Babbit&nbsp;</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Comfortability&nbsp;</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Embeddability&nbsp;</span></td><td><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Anti-scoring</span>&nbsp;</td><td><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Corrosion resistance</span>&nbsp;</td><td><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Comfortability&nbsp;</span></td></tr><tr><td>Lead base Babbit&nbsp;</td><td>Poor&nbsp;</td><td>Good&nbsp;</td><td>Excellent&nbsp;</td><td>Excellent&nbsp;</td><td>Excellent&nbsp;</td><td>Poor&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Lead base babbit&nbsp;</td><td>Poor to fair&nbsp;</td><td>Good&nbsp;</td><td>Good&nbsp;</td><td>Good to excellent&nbsp;</td><td>Fair to good&nbsp;</td><td>Poor&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Lead bronze&nbsp;</td><td>Fair&nbsp;</td><td>Poor&nbsp;</td><td>Poor&nbsp;</td><td>Poor&nbsp;</td><td>Good&nbsp;</td><td>Fair&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Copper lead&nbsp;</td><td>Fair&nbsp;</td><td>Poor&nbsp;</td><td>Poor to fair&nbsp;</td><td>Poor to fair&nbsp;</td><td>Poor to fair&nbsp;</td><td>Fair to good&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminium&nbsp;</td><td>Good&nbsp;</td><td>Poor to fair&nbsp;</td><td>Poor&nbsp;</td><td>Good&nbsp;</td><td>Excellent&nbsp;</td><td>Fair&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Silver&nbsp;</td><td>Excellent</td><td>Almost none&nbsp;</td><td>Poor</td><td>Poor&nbsp;</td><td>Excellent&nbsp;</td><td>Excellent&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Silver lead deposited&nbsp;</td><td>Excellent&nbsp;</td><td>Excellent&nbsp;</td><td>Poor</td><td>Fair to good&nbsp;</td><td>Excellent&nbsp;</td><td>Excellent&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
465
466
467
468<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Materials used for Sliding Contact Bearings</h2>
469
470
471<div class="wp-block-image">
472<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="500" height="435" data-src="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sliding-Contact-Bearings-604003.jpeg" alt="Materials used for Sliding Contact Bearings" class="wp-image-20610 lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 500px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 500/435;width:403px;height:auto" data-srcset="https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sliding-Contact-Bearings-604003.jpeg 500w, https://extrudesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sliding-Contact-Bearings-604003-300x261.jpeg 300w" data-sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100v
472w, 500px" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==" /></figure>
473</div>
474
475
476<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The materials commonly used for sliding contact bearings are discussed below :</p>
477
478
479
480<h3 class="wp-block-heading">1.&nbsp;Babbit Metal:</h3>
481
482
483
484<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The tin base and lead base babbitts are widely used as a bearing material because they satisfy most requirements for general applications. The babbits are recommended where the maximum bearing pressure (on the projected area) is not over 7 to 14 N/mm2. When applied in automobiles, the babbit is generally used as a thin layer, 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm thick, bonded to an insert or steel shell. The composition of the babbitt metals is as follows:</p>
485
486
487
488<p class="has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Tin base babbits&nbsp;:&nbsp;</strong>Tin 90% ; Copper 4.5% ; Antimony 5% ; Lead 0.5%.<br><strong>Lead base babbits&nbsp;:&nbsp;</strong>Lead 84% ; Tin 6% ; Anitmony 9.5% ; Copper 0.5%.</p>
489
490
491
492<h3 class="wp-block-heading">2.&nbsp;Bronzes:</h3>
493
494
495
496<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The bronzes (alloys of copper, tin and zinc) are generally used in the form of machined bushes pressed into the shell. The bush may be in one or two pieces. The bronzes commonly used for bearing material are gunmetal and phosphor bronzes.</p><!-- Ezoic - wp_longest_content - longest_content --><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-162" data-inserter-version="2" data-placement-location="longest_content"></div>
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497
498
499
500<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The&nbsp;gunmetal is used for high-grade bearings subjected to high pressures (not more than 10 N/mm2&nbsp;of projected area) and high speeds.</p>
501
502
503
504<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The&nbsp;phosphor bronze is used for bearings subjected to very high pressures (not more than 14 N/mm2&nbsp;of projected area) and speeds.</p>
505
506
507
508<p class="has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Gunmetal:&nbsp;</strong>Copper 88% ; Tin 10% ; Zinc 2%<br><strong>phosphor bronze:&nbsp;</strong>Copper 80% ; Tin 10% ; Lead 9% ; Phosphorus 1%</p>
509
510
511
512<h3 class="wp-block-heading">3.&nbsp;Cast iron</h3>
513
514
515
516<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The cast iron bearings are usually used with steel journals. Such type of bearings are fairly successful where lubrication is adequate and the pressure is limited to 3.5 N/mm2&nbsp;and speed to 40 metres per minute.</p><!-- Ezoic - wp_incontent_5 - incontent_5 --><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-163" data-inserter-version="2" data-placement-location="incontent_5"></div>
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517
518
519
520<h3 class="wp-block-heading">4.&nbsp;Silver</h3>
521
522
523
524<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The silver and silver lead bearings are mostly used in aircraft engines where the fatigue strength is the most important consideration.</p>
525
526
527
528<h3 class="wp-block-heading">5.&nbsp;Non-metallic bearings:</h3>
529
530
531
532<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The various non-metallic bearings are made of carbon graphite, rubber, wood, and plastics. The&nbsp;carbon-graphite bearings&nbsp;are self-lubricating, dimensionally stable over a wide range of operating conditions, chemically inert, and can operate at higher temperatures than other bearings. Such types of bearings are used in food processing and other equipment where contamination by oil or grease must be prohibited. These bearings are also used in applications where the shaft speed is too low to maintain a hydrodynamic oil film.</p>
533
534
535
536<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The&nbsp;soft rubber bearings&nbsp;are used with water or other low-viscosity lubricants, particularly where sand or other large particles are present. In addition to the high degree of embeddability and conformability, the rubber bearings are excellent for absorbing shock loads and vibrations. The rubber bearings are used mainly on marine propeller shafts, hydraulic turbines, and pumps.</p>
537
538
539
540<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Wood bearings&nbsp;are used in many applications where low cost, cleanliness, inattention to lubrication, and anti-seizing are important.</p><!-- Ezoic - wp_incontent_6 - incontent_6 --><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-164" data-inserter-version="2" data-placement-location="incontent_6"></div>
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541
542
543
544<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The commonly used plastic material for bearings is&nbsp;Nylon&nbsp;and&nbsp;Teflon.&nbsp;These materials have many characteristics desirable in bearing materials and both can be used dry&nbsp;<em>i.e</em>. as a zero film bearing. The Nylon is stronger, harder, and more resistant to abrasive wear. It is used for applications in which these properties are important&nbsp;e.g. elevator bearings, cams in telephone dials, etc. The Teflon is rapidly replacing Nylon as a wear surface or liner for journal and other sliding bearings because of the following properties:</p>
545
546
547
548<ol class="wp-block-list">
549<li>It has a lower coefficient of friction, about 0.04 (dry) as compared to 0.15 for Nylon.</li>
550
551
552
553<li>It can be used at higher temperatures up to about 315&#xB0;C as compared to 120&#xB0;C for Nylon.</li>
554
555
556
557<li>It is dimensionally stable because it does not absorb moisture</li>
558
559
560
561<li>It is practically chemically inert.</li>
562</ol>
563</div><footer class="entry-footer"><p class="entry-meta"><span class="entry-categories">Filed Under: <a href="https://extrudesign.com/category/mechanical-engineering/machine-design/" rel="category tag">Machine Design</a></span> </p></footer></article><div class="after-entry widget-area">
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