1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<html lang="en"> 3<head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8" /> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> 6<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> 7 8<!-- Async WordPress.com Remote Login -->
9<script id="wpcom_remote_login_js"> 10var wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth = ''; 11function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( element_id ) { 12 var dom_node = document.getElementById( element_id ); 13 if ( dom_node ) { dom_node.parentNode.removeChild( dom_node ); } 14} 15function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) { 16 var dom_nodes = document.querySelectorAll( '.' + class_name ); 17 for ( var i = 0; i < dom_nodes.length; i++ ) { 18 dom_nodes[ i ].parentNode.removeChild( dom_nodes[ i ] ); 19 } 20} 21function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() { 22 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" ); 23 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); 24 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); 25 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" ); 26 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" ); 27 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" ); 28} 29 30// Watch for messages back from the remote login 31window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) { 32 if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) { 33 var data = {}; 34 try { 35 data = JSON.parse( e.data ); 36 } catch( e ) { 37 wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); 38 return; 39 } 40 41 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN' ) { 42 // Clean up the login check iframe 43 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); 44 45 var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ ); 46 var token_regex = new RegExp( /^.*|.*|.*$/ ); 47 if ( 48 token_regex.test( data.token ) 49 && id_regex.test( data.wpcomid ) 50 ) { 51 // We have everything we need to ask for a login 52 var script = document.createElement( "script" ); 53 script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); 54 script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate' 55 + '&wpcomid=' + data.wpcomid 56 + '&token=' + encodeURIComponent( data.token ) 57 + '&host=' + window.location.protocol 58 + '//' + window.location.hostname 59 + '&postid=5208' 60 + '&is_singular='; 61 document.body.appendChild( script ); 62 } 63 64 return; 65 } 66 67 // Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect 68 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REDIRECT' ) { 69 window.location = 'https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=' + window.location.href; 70 return; 71 } 72 73 // Safari ITP, storage access failed, remove the request 74 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REMOVE' ) { 75 var css_zap = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } }'; 76 var style_zap = document.createElement( 'style' ); 77 style_zap.type = 'text/css'; 78 style_zap.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css_zap ) ); 79 document.body.appendChild( style_zap ); 80 81 var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' ); 82 e.parentNode.removeChild( e ); 83 84 document.cookie = 'wordpress_com_login_access=denied; path=/; max-age=31536000'; 85 86 return; 87 } 88 89 // Safari ITP 90 if ( data.msg === 'REQUEST_ACCESS' ) { 91 console.log( 'request access: safari' ); 92 93 // Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob 94 if ( wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth !== 'safari_itp_iframe' ) { 95 return; 96 } 97 98 // If we are in a "private window" there is no ITP. 99 var private_window = false; 100 try { 101 var opendb = window.openDatabase( null, null, null, null ); 102 } catch( e ) { 103 private_window = true; 104 } 105 106 if ( private_window ) { 107 console.log( 'private window' ); 108 return; 109 } 110 111 var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' ); 112 iframe.id = 'wpcom_request_access_iframe'; 113 iframe.setAttribute( 'scrolling', 'no' ); 114 iframe.setAttribute( 'sandbox', 'allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation' ); 115 iframe.src = 'https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=request_access&origin=' + encodeURIComponent( data.origin ) + '&wpcomid=' + encodeURIComponent( data.wpcomid ); 116 117 var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } '; 118 119 var style = document.createElement( 'style' ); 120 style.type = 'text/css'; 121 style.id = 'wpcom_request_access_styles'; 122 style.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css ) ); 123 document.body.appendChild( style ); 124 125 document.body.appendChild( iframe ); 126 } 127 128 if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) { 129 wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); 130 } 131 } 132}, false ); 133 134// Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load 135// more critical resources 136window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) { 137 var iframe = document.createElement( "iframe" );
138 iframe.style.display = "none"; 139 iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" ); 140 iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); 141 iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php" 142 + "?wpcom_remote_login=key" 143 + "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9qYW5nYXdvbG9mLm9yZw%3D%3D" 144 + "&wpcomid=2155233" 145 + "&time=" + Math.floor( Date.now() / 1000 ); 146 document.body.appendChild( iframe ); 147}, false ); 148</script>
148 149<title>Explore Senegal: A Tapestry of Culture, History, and People</title> 150<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> 151<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> 152<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//wordpress.com' /> 153<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> 154<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//af.pubmine.com' /> 155<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Janga Wolof » Feed" href="https://jangawolof.org/feed/" /> 156<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Janga Wolof » Comments Feed" href="https://jangawolof.org/comments/feed/" /> 157
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569<path d="M1.50002 4L6.00002 8L10.5 4" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg></button><ul data-wp-on--focus="actions.openMenuOnFocus" class="wp-block-navigation__submenu-container has-text-color has-primary-color has-background has-tertiary-background-color wp-block-navigation-submenu"><li class="wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link"><a class="wp-block-navigation-item__content" href="https://jangawolof.org/wolof-greetings-and-introductions-vocabulary-list/" title="nuyoo ak xamle"><span class="wp-block-navigation-item__label">Greetings and Introductions</span></a></li><li class="wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link"><a class="wp-block-navigation-item__content" href="https://jangawolof.org/wolof-vocabulary-list-household-items/" title="jumtukaayi kër"><span class="wp-block-navigation-item__label">Household Items</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link"><a class="wp-block-navigation-item__content" href="https://jangawolof.org/essential-wolof-phrases-for-everyday-communication/" title="mbind"><span class="wp-block-navigation-item__label">Phrases</span></a></li><li class="wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link"><a class="wp-block-navigation-item__content" href="https://jangawolof.org/shop-2/" title="bitig"><span class="wp-block-navigation-item__label"><strong>Shop</strong></span></a></li><li class="wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link"><a class="wp-block-navigation-item__content" href="https://jangawolof.org/support/" title="ndimbal dimbali"><span class="wp-block-navigation-item__label"><strong>Support</strong></span></a></li></ul> 570 571 </div> 572 </div> 573 </div> 574 </div></nav></div> 575</div> 576</div> 577</header> 578 579 580<div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)"> 581<div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f5a44f5b wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> 582<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:66.66%"> 583<div class="wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5dafc681 wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><h2 class="wp-block-post-title">About Senegal</h2> 584 585<div class="entry-content wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow"> 586<h3 id="an-introduction-to-senegal-its-people-history-and-culture" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>An introduction to Senegal, its people, history, and culture</strong></h3> 587 588 589 590<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegal is a country on the westernmost coast of Africa, located at the meeting point of the Atlantic Ocean and the Sahel. Known for its diverse peoples, languages, religious traditions, music, cuisine, and long history of regional and international connections, Senegal occupies an important place in West African history and culture.</p> 591 592 593 594<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Its geographic position has made Senegal a crossroads for trade, migration, political exchange, and cultural interaction for centuries. Today, it is home to a population of many ethnic and linguistic communities whose histories overlap while retaining their own distinct identities.</p> 595 596 597 598<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The countryâs name comes from the <strong>Senegal River</strong>, which forms much of the border between Senegal and Mauritania.</p> 599 600 601 602<ul class="wp-block-list"> 603<li><a href="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/#geography">Geography</a></li> 604 605 606 607<li><a href="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/#the-people-of-senegal">The People of Senegal</a></li> 608 609 610 611<li><a href="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/#languages">Languages</a></li> 612 613 614 615<li><a href="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/#religion">Religion</a></li> 616 617 618 619<li><a href="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/#history">History</a></li> 620 621 622 623<li><a href="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/#dakar">Dakar</a></li> 624 625 626 627<li><a href="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/#music-and-the-arts">Music and the Arts</a></li> 628 629 630 631<li><a href="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/#food">
631Food</a></li> 632 633 634 635<li><a href="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/#teranga">Teranga</a></li> 636 637 638 639<li><a href="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/#senegal-today">Senegal Today</a></li> 640 641 642 643<li><a href="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/#a-diverse-country">A Diverse Country</a></li> 644</ul> 645 646 647 648<h3 id="geography" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Geography</strong></h3> 649 650 651 652<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegal occupies the westernmost portion of mainland Africa, with a long Atlantic coastline to the west. It borders Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south, and surrounds most of The Gambia, which extends inland along the Gambia River.</p> 653 654 655 656<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The country lies at an important geographic transition between the wetter regions of coastal and southern West Africa and the drier Sahel to the north and east.</p> 657 658 659 660<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegalâs landscape includes beaches and coastal plains, savannas, wetlands, forests, and the fertile regions surrounding its major rivers. The <strong>Senegal River</strong>, <strong>Gambia River</strong>, and <strong>Casamance River</strong> have all played important roles in settlement, agriculture, transportation, and regional history.</p> 661 662 663 664<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Off the coast lies <strong>Gorée Island</strong>, a small island near Dakar that has become one of the countryâs best-known historical sites. Its history is closely associated with the Atlantic slave trade and has made it an important place of remembrance concerning the history of slavery.</p> 665 666 667 668<h3 id="the-people-of-senegal" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The People of Senegal</strong></h3> 669 670 671 672<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegal is home to many ethnic groups, each with its own histories, languages, traditions, and cultural practices.</p> 673 674 675 676<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The <strong>Wolof</strong> are the largest ethnic group, but Senegal is far from culturally or linguistically homogeneous. Other major communities include the <strong>Pulaar-speaking FulÉe and Toucouleur</strong>, <strong>Serer</strong>, <strong>Jola</strong>, <strong>Mandinka</strong>, <strong>Soninke</strong>, and <strong>Bassari</strong>, among others.</p> 677 678 679 680<p class="wp-block-paragraph">These communities have interacted with one another for centuries through trade, migration, marriage, political alliances, religion, and shared regional institutions.</p> 681 682 683 684<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Ethnic and linguistic identities also do not always correspond neatly to national borders. The same communities can be found across Senegalâs borders in Mauritania, Mali, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, and other neighboring countries.</p> 685 686 687 688<p class="wp-block-paragraph">As a result, Senegal is part of a larger West African cultural landscape rather than an isolated cultural unit.</p> 689 690 691 692<h3 id="languages" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Languages</strong></h3> 693 694 695 696<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegal is multilingual.</p> 697 698 699 700<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>French</strong> is the countryâs official language and is used extensively in government, administration, formal education, and many professional settings. At the same time, numerous African languages are spoken throughout the country.</p> 701 702 703 704<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Wolof</strong> is particularly widespread and functions as an important lingua franca, especially in urban areas. Pulaar, Serer, Jola, Mandinka, Soninke, and other languages are also important within their respective communities.</p> 705 706 707 708<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For many Senegalese people, multilingualism is simply part of everyday life. A person may use one language with family, another with friends or neighbors, and French in school or government settings.</p> 709 710 711 712<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This makes language an important part of understanding contemporary Senegal. The country cannot be described accurately through French alone, nor through Wolof alone.</p> 713 714 715 716<h3 id="religion" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Religion</strong></h3> 717 718 719 720<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Religion plays a major role in Senegalese society.</p> 721 722 723 724<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The overwhelming majority of Senegalâs population is Muslim, with <strong>Sufism</strong> having a particularly important place in the countryâs religious and social history. Two major Sufi traditions are the <strong>Muridiyya</strong> and <strong>Tijaniyya</strong>, alongside other Islamic traditions.</p> 725 726 727 728<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The city of <strong>Touba</strong> is the spiritual center of the Muridiyya and one of the most important religious cities in Senegal. Each year, large numbers of people travel there for <strong>Grand Magal</strong>, a major religious pilgrimage and commemoration.</p> 729 730 731 732<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegal is also home to Christian and other religious communities, as well as people whose personal beliefs and practices may incorporate different cultural traditions.</p> 733 734 735 736<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Religious life is closely connected to family and community life, and religious leaders and institutions have historically played significant social roles.</p> 737 738 739 740<h3 id="history" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>History</strong></h3> 741 742 743 744<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegal has a long history extending far beyond the colonial period.</p> 745 746 747 748<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Before European colonial rule, the region was home to numerous kingdoms and political societies. The area became connected to larger West African states and trading networks, including the <strong>Ghana</strong>, <strong>Mali</strong>, and <strong>Jolof</strong> spheres of influence at different periods.</p> 749 750 751 752<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The <strong>Jolof Empire</strong>, which emerged in the Senegambian region during the medieval peri
752od, was particularly important to the history of the Wolof-speaking peoples. Later, a number of independent kingdoms and states existed across the region.</p> 753 754 755 756<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Islam arrived centuries before European colonialism and became deeply established through trade, scholarship, political relationships, and religious communities.</p> 757 758 759 760<p class="wp-block-paragraph">European involvement in the region expanded from the fifteenth century onward. France eventually established colonial control over much of present-day Senegal, and the territory became an important center of French West Africa.</p> 761 762 763 764<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegal became independent from France in <strong>1960</strong>.</p> 765 766 767 768<h3 id="dakar" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Dakar</strong></h3> 769 770 771 772<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Dakar</strong>, the capital and largest city, sits on the Cap-Vert Peninsula at the western edge of the African continent.</p> 773 774 775 776<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Dakar is the countryâs political, economic, cultural, and media center. It is also one of the major cities of West Africa.</p> 777 778 779 780<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The city reflects Senegalâs mixture of traditions and modern influences. Traditional markets and neighborhoods exist alongside universities, businesses, government institutions, contemporary art spaces, restaurants, music venues, and rapidly developing urban districts.</p> 781 782 783 784<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Dakar has also become an important center for African fashion, music, literature, visual art, film, and contemporary culture.</p> 785 786 787 788<h3 id="music-and-the-arts" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Music and the Arts</strong></h3> 789 790 791 792<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Music occupies an especially prominent place in Senegalese culture.</p> 793 794 795 796<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Traditional musical traditions include the <strong>sabar</strong>, a family of drums strongly associated with Wolof culture, as well as numerous musical traditions belonging to other Senegalese communities.</p> 797 798 799 800<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Modern Senegalese music has developed into one of the countryâs most recognizable cultural exports. <strong>Mbalax</strong>, strongly associated with singer and musician <strong>Youssou NâDour</strong>, combines Senegalese rhythmic traditions with influences from other African and international musical styles.</p> 801 802 803 804<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegal also has a significant literary and artistic tradition. One of its most internationally recognized writers was <strong>Léopold Sédar Senghor</strong>, the countryâs first president and an important poet and intellectual associated with the <strong>Négritude</strong> movement.</p> 805 806 807 808<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Contemporary Senegalese artists continue to work across painting, sculpture, photography, film, fashion, literature, and other forms of creative expression.</p> 809 810 811 812<h3 id="food" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Food</strong></h3> 813 814 815 816<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegalese cuisine is an important part of the countryâs cultural identity and has also become increasingly familiar internationally.</p> 817 818 819 820<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Rice is a staple, often served with fish, meat, vegetables, or richly seasoned sauces.</p> 821 822 823 824<p class="wp-block-paragraph">One of the countryâs most famous dishes is <strong>ceebu jën</strong>ârice prepared with fish and vegetables. The dish is particularly associated with Senegal and has become an important symbol of Senegalese cuisine.</p> 825 826 827 828<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Other widely known dishes include <strong>yassa</strong>, generally prepared with onions and either chicken or fish, and <strong>mafé</strong>, a dish centered around a rich peanut-based sauce.</p> 829 830 831 832<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Food traditions vary across Senegalâs different communities, and Senegalese cuisine reflects the countryâs long history of agricultural production, fishing, trade, and cultural exchange.</p> 833 834 835 836<h3 id="teranga" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Teranga</strong></h3> 837 838 839 840<p class="wp-block-paragraph">One of the words most strongly associated with Senegal is <strong>teranga</strong>.</p> 841 842 843 844<p class="wp-block-paragraph">It is commonly translated as âhospitality,â although its meaning can encompass ideas of generosity, welcome, social connection, and treating others with consideration.</p> 845 846 847 848<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The concept of teranga has become closely associated with Senegalese national identity, particularly in descriptions of Senegalâs welcoming social culture.</p> 849 850 851 852<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Like any cultural concept, however, teranga is more nuanced than a single English translation can convey. It is best understood within the relationships and social expectations in which the word is actually used.</p> 853 854 855 856<h3 id="senegal-today" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Senegal Today</strong></h3> 857 858 859 860<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Modern Senegal combines longstanding cultural traditions with rapid social and economic change.</p> 861 862 863 864<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The country has a young population and a growing urban population, while agriculture, fishing, trade, services, manufacturing, and other industries remain important to the economy.</p> 865 866 867 868<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Migration is also an important part of Senegalese life. Senegalese communities can be found throughout West Africa, Europe, North America, and elsewhere, creating connections between Senegal and the wider world.</p> 869 870 871 872<p class="wp-block-paragraph">
872Technology and social media have become increasingly important in communication and cultural expression, particularly among younger generations. At the same time, traditional forms of music, storytelling, family life, religious practice, food, and community continue to play important roles.</p> 873 874 875 876<h3 id="a-diverse-country" class="wp-block-heading"><strong>A Diverse Country</strong></h3> 877 878 879 880<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegal is sometimes presented internationally through a handful of familiar images: Dakar, teranga, Wolof culture, Islam, beaches, music, and colorful markets. Each of these is part of Senegal, but none represents the country by itself.</p> 881 882 883 884<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Senegal is a multilingual and multiethnic society with a history stretching across many centuries. Its culture has been shaped by African civilizations, Islam, Atlantic commerce, European colonialism, migration, and interactions among its many communities.</p> 885 886 887 888<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Understanding Senegal therefore means looking beyond a single language or cultural tradition.</p> 889 890 891 892<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>It is a country where many histories meetâand where those histories continue to shape a distinctly Senegalese society in the present.</strong></p> 893 894 895<div class="crowdsignal-applause-wrapper" data-crowdsignal-applause="{"pollId":"58421ecb-2e3a-48bf-9f1b-39851417c75c","title":"Untitled Applause","answerId":"ebc8d10c-8d37-4054-a571-70f842745f0d","size":"small","hideBranding":false,"pollStatus":"open","apiPollData":{"id":14688811,"question":"","note":"","settings":{"title":"Untitled Applause","after_vote":"results","after_message":"","randomize_answers":false,"restrict_vote_repeat":false,"captcha":false,"multiple_choice":false,"redirect_url":"","close_status":"open","close_after":54901474367},"answers":[{"answer_text":"clap","id":65240825,"client_id":"ebc8d10c-8d37-4054-a571-70f842745f0d"}],"source_link":"https:\/\/jangawolof.wordpress.com","client_id":"58421ecb-2e3a-48bf-9f1b-39851417c75c"}}"></div> 896 897 898 899<div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)"> 900<h4 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-left">Explore More About</h4> 901 902 903 904<div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-24a44033 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> 905<div class="wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--3"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://jangawolof.org/about/">Janga Wolof</a></div> 906 907 908 909<div class="wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--4"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://jangawolof.org/wolof-language-and-culture-of-west-africa/">Wolof</a></div> 910 911 912 913<div class="wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--5"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://jangawolof.org/the-gambia/">The Gambia</a></div> 914 915 916 917<div class="wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--6"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://jangawolof.org/understanding-senegambia-a-shared-history-and-culture/">Senegambia</a></div> 918</div> 919</div> 920 921 922 923 924<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 925<span id="wordads-inline-marker" style="display: none;"></span></div> 926 927 928<div style="height:40px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> 929</div> 930</div> 931 932 933 934<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-5dafc681 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:33.33%"><div class="wp-block-template-part"> 935<div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d3543a3b wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> 936<div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-346627ba wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> 937<div class="wp-block-group is-content-justification-space-between is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-cb46ffcb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex"> 938<div class="wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-19e250f3 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> 939<p class="has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph" style="color:#11181fa6;font-size:14px">Dalal ak jà mm,</p> 940 941 942 943<h3 class="wp-block-heading" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:500">Janga Wolof</h3> 944</div> 945 946 947 948<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-default wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a"><a href="https://jangawolof.org/"><img loading="lazy" width="400" height="400" src="https://jangawolof.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/55069596-9b9e-41ce-be31-9bbf2b85b7b5_576ddfdc-51da-4182-9242-2180418cd755.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-5472" style="aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:80px;height:auto" srcset="https://jangawolof.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/55069596-9b9e-41ce-be31-9bbf2b85b7b5_576ddfdc-51da-4182-9242-2180418cd755.jpg 400w, https://jangawolof.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/55069596-9b9e-41ce-be31-9bbf2b85b7b5_576ddfdc-51da-4182-9242-2180418cd755.jpg?w=150&h=150 150w, https://jangawolof.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/55069596-9b9e-41ce-be31-9bbf2b85b7b5_576ddfdc-51da-4182-9242-2180418cd755.jpg?w=300&
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1149<script type="speculationrules"> 1150{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/files/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/pub/nook/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]} 1151</script>
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1153<script id="grofiles-cards-js" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=202641d1133547e8a1f2801609f51cef12522abe7f6647d869e9fbc974fe356a37e613"></script>
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1158<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script>
1158 1159 1160
1160<script> 1161 // Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars 1162 ( function() { 1163 function init() { 1164 if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) { 1165 return; 1166 } 1167 1168 if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) { 1169 return; 1170 } 1171 1172 Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) { 1173 WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id ); 1174 }; 1175 1176 Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash; 1177 Gravatar.init( 1178 'body', 1179 '#wp-admin-bar-my-account', 1180 { 1181 i18n: { 1182 'Edit your profile â': 'Edit your profile â', 1183 'View profile â': 'View profile â', 1184 'Contact': 'Contact', 1185 'Send money': 'Send money', 1186 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.', 1187 'Gravatar not found.': 'Gravatar not found.', 1188 'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.', 1189 'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.', 1190 'Is this you?': 'Is this you?', 1191 'Claim your free profile.': 'Claim your free profile.', 1192 'Email': 'Email', 1193 'Home Phone': 'Home Phone', 1194 'Work Phone': 'Work Phone', 1195 'Cell Phone': 'Cell Phone', 1196 'Contact Form': 'Contact Form', 1197 'Calendar': 'Calendar', 1198 }, 1199 } 1200 ); 1201 } 1202 1203 if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { 1204 init(); 1205 } else { 1206 document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); 1207 } 1208 } )(); 1209 </script>
1209 1210 1211 <div style="display:none"> 1212 </div> 1213 <!-- CCPA [start] --> 1214
1214<script type="text/javascript"> 1215 ( function () { 1216 1217 var setupPrivacy = function() { 1218 1219 // Minimal Mozilla Cookie library 1220 // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie/Simple_document.cookie_framework 1221 var cookieLib = window.cookieLib = {getItem:function(e){return e&&decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.replace(new RegExp("(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*"+encodeURIComponent(e).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g,"\\$&")+"\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$"),"$1"))||null},setItem:function(e,o,n,t,r,i){if(!e||/^(?:expires|max\-age|path|domain|secure)$/i.test(e))return!1;var c="";if(n)switch(n.constructor){case Number:c=n===1/0?"; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT":"; max-age="+n;break;case String:c="; expires="+n;break;case Date:c="; expires="+n.toUTCString()}return"rootDomain"!==r&&".rootDomain"!==r||(r=(".rootDomain"===r?".":"")+document.location.hostname.split(".").slice(-2).join(".")),document.cookie=encodeURIComponent(e)+"="+encodeURIComponent(o)+c+(r?"; domain="+r:"")+(t?"; path="+t:"")+(i?"; secure":""),!0}}; 1222 1223 // Implement IAB USP API. 1224 window.__uspapi = function( command, version, callback ) { 1225 1226 // Validate callback. 1227 if ( typeof callback !== 'function' ) { 1228 return; 1229 } 1230 1231 // Validate the given command. 1232 if ( command !== 'getUSPData' || version !== 1 ) { 1233 callback( null, false ); 1234 return; 1235 } 1236 1237 // Check for GPC. If set, override any stored cookie. 1238 if ( navigator.globalPrivacyControl ) { 1239 callback( { version: 1, uspString: '1YYN' }, true ); 1240 return; 1241 } 1242
1243 // Check for cookie. 1244 var consent = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); 1245 1246 // Invalid cookie. 1247 if ( null === consent ) { 1248 callback( null, false ); 1249 return; 1250 } 1251 1252 // Everything checks out. Fire the provided callback with the consent data. 1253 callback( { version: 1, uspString: consent }, true ); 1254 }; 1255 1256 // Initialization. 1257 document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() { 1258 1259 // Internal functions. 1260 var setDefaultOptInCookie = function() { 1261 var value = '1YNN'; 1262 var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; 1263 cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 365 * 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); 1264 }; 1265 1266 var setDefaultOptOutCookie = function() { 1267 var value = '1YYN'; 1268 var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; 1269 cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); 1270 }; 1271 1272 var setDefaultNotApplicableCookie = function() { 1273 var value = '1---'; 1274 var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; 1275 cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); 1276 }; 1277 1278 var setCcpaAppliesCookie = function( applies ) { 1279 var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; 1280 cookieLib.setItem( 'ccpa_applies', applies, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); 1281 } 1282 1283 var maybeCallDoNotSellCallback = function() { 1284 if ( 'function' === typeof window.doNotSellCallback ) { 1285 return window.doNotSellCallback(); 1286 } 1287 1288 return false; 1289 } 1290 1291 // Look for usprivacy cookie first. 1292 var usprivacyCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); 1293 1294 // Found a usprivacy cookie. 1295 if ( null !== usprivacyCookie ) { 1296 1297 // If the cookie indicates that CCPA does not apply, then bail. 1298 if ( '1---' === usprivacyCookie ) { 1299 return; 1300 } 1301 1302 // CCPA applies, so call our callback to add Do Not Sell link to the page. 1303 maybeCallDoNotSellCallback(); 1304 1305 // We're all done, no more processing needed. 1306 return; 1307 } 1308 1309 // We don't have a usprivacy cookie, so check to see if we have a CCPA applies cookie. 1310 var ccpaCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'ccpa_applies' ); 1311 1312 // No CCPA applies cookie found, so we'll need to geolocate if this visitor is from California. 1313 // This needs to happen client side because we do not have region geo data in our $SERVER headers, 1314 // only country data -- therefore we can't vary cache on the region. 1315 if ( null === ccpaCookie ) { 1316 1317 var request = new XMLHttpRequest(); 1318 request.open( 'GET', 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/geo/', true ); 1319 1320 request.onreadystatechange = function () { 1321 if ( 4 === this.readyState ) { 1322 if ( 200 === this.status ) { 1323 1324 // Got a geo response. Parse out the region data. 1325 var data = JSON.parse( this.response ); 1326 var region = data.region ? data.region.toLowerCase() : ''; 1327 var ccpa_applies = ['california', 'colorado', 'connecticut', 'delaware', 'indiana', 'iowa', 'montana', 'new jersey', 'oregon', 'tennessee', 'texas', 'utah', 'virginia'].indexOf( region ) > -1; 1328 // Set CCPA applies cookie. This keeps us from having to make a geo request too frequently. 1329 setCcpaAppliesCookie( ccpa_applies ); 1330 1331 // Check if CCPA applies to set the proper usprivacy cookie. 1332 if ( ccpa_applies ) { 1333 if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { 1334 // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. 1335 setDefaultOptInCookie(); 1336 } else { 1337 // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. 1338 setDefaultOptOutCookie(); 1339 } 1340 } else { 1341 // CCPA does not apply. 1342 setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); 1343 } 1344 } else { 1345 // Could not geo, so let's assume for now that CCPA applies to be safe. 1346 setCcpaAppliesCookie( true ); 1347 if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { 1348 // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. 1349 setDefaultOptInCookie(); 1350 } else { 1351 // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. 1352 setDefaultOptOutCookie(); 1353 } 1354 } 1355 } 1356 }; 1357 1358 // Send the geo request. 1359 request.send(); 1360 } else { 1361 // We found a CCPA applies cookie. 1362 if ( ccpaCookie === 'true' ) { 1363 if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { 1364 // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. 1365 setDefaultOptInCookie(); 1366 } else { 1367 // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. 1368 setDefaultOptOutCookie(); 1369 } 1370 } else { 1371 // CCPA does not apply. 1372 setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); 1373 } 1374 } 1375 } ); 1376 }; 1377 1378 // Kickoff initialization. 1379 if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) { 1380 defQueue.items.push( setupPrivacy ); 1381 } else { 1382 setupPrivacy(); 1383 } 1384 1385 } )(); 1386 </script>
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Enter your email" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Email address" /> 1424 <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> 1425 <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="2155233" /> 1426 <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://jangawolof.org/senegal/" /> 1427 <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> 1428 <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="375eb55cff" /> <button type="submit" class="actnbr-button">Sign me up</button> 1429 </form> 1430 <p class="actnbr-login-nudge"> 1431 Have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fjangawolof.org%252Fsenegal%252F">Log in now.</a> </p> 1432 </div> 1433 </div> 1434 </div> 1435 </li> 1436 <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> 1437 <button type="button" class="actnbr-more-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="More options"> 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href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fjangawolof.org%252Fsenegal%252F"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Log in</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item flb-report" href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://jangawolof.org/senegal/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Report this content</span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-external" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M19.5 4.5h-7V6h4.44l-5.97 5.97 1.06 1.06L18 7.06v4.44h1.5v-7Zm-13 1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v10a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h10a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-3H17v3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5h-10a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-10a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h3V5.5h-3Z"/></svg></span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" 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vendor: 1 bytes, line 1578
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1579<script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?69" defer></script>
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Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.