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Because the camera shields both eyes from ambient light, pupil dilation â the variable NIST identifies as a leading cause of iris matching error â stays in a narrower, more consistent range, and matching against two irides rather than one measurably improves accuracy.",bestFor:["Foundational national ID and civil registry enrolment","Voter roll and large civil registration programmes","One-time enrolment events for large customer groups","Any programme where enrolment quality outweighs hardware cost"],traits:[{label:"Captures",value:"Both eyes, one presentation"},{label:"Accuracy gain",value:"~2â3Ã lower false-non-match vs one eye"},{label:"Requires",value:"Dual-eye capture hardware"},{label:"Recommended for",value:"Foundational enrolment"}],note:"NIST tested the intuitive claim that two eyes double accuracy, and it does not hold: because image-quality issues tend to affect both eyes together, the real gain is a factor of two to three, not a square â and fusing both eyes typically raises the false-positive rate too. Binocular is still the right default for foundational enrolment; it is a measured accuracy gain in a single presentation, not a theoretical multiple.",accent:"cyan"},{id:"monocular",icon:L,eyebrow:"One eye, any handheld",title:"Monocular capture",intro:"Captures a single iris â the standard configuration for handheld and field devices, where size, weight and cost rule out a dedicated binocular camera. 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Monocular is the right choice once someone is already enrolled and is simply being verified, not for initial enrolment at foundational scale.",accent:"blue"}],Z=[{icon:W,tag:"1:1",title:"Verification",question:"âIs this the same enrolled person?â",desc:"A single, real-time comparison against one existing iris enrolment â fast enough to run inline at a service counter, SIM swap or benef
16it disbursement.",examples:["Re-authentication at a service counter","SIM swap or account recovery","Confirming a field enrolment matches a prior record"]},{icon:u,tag:"1:N",title:"Deduplication",question:"âHas this person already been enrolled, under any identity?â",desc:"One iris searched against every record already on file â the control that stops someone enrolling twice under a different name. NIST's IREX III evaluation held the false-negative identification rate below 2.5% at a gallery of 3.9 million enrolled irides.",examples:["National ID and civil registry enrolment","Voter roll deduplication","Refugee and displaced-persons registration"]}],K=[{icon:$,journey:"National ID or civil registry enrolment",combo:"1:N · Binocular",reason:"Foundational, one-time enrolment for large populations â the highest-assurance capture is worth the extra hardware."},{icon:u,journey:"Voter roll registration",combo:"1:N · Binocular",reason:"Deduplicate against the existing roll before a new registration is accepted, at national scale."},{icon:P,journey:"Refugee and displaced-persons registration",combo:"1:N · Fast capture",reason:"Large customer groups processed quickly, often in difficult field conditions, where sub-five-second capture matters most."},{icon:M,journey:"Telecom customer registration at scale",combo:"1:N · Monocular",reason:"High-volume retail registration where handheld, single-eye capture keeps throughput up at the point of sale."},{icon:F,journey:"Benefits and welfare disbursement",combo:"1:1",reason:"Verify the recipient at the point of payment against their existing enrolment."},{icon:C,journey:"Border and watchlist screening",combo:"1:N",reason:"National programmes already run iris against watchlists at ports of entry."}],ee=["Captures in under five seconds per presentation â Indiaâs UIDAI sets this as the device specification for certified iris hardware â against a NIST-measured mean of 50 to 54 seconds for assisted ten-print fingerprint capture.","Fully contactless: no shared surface to clean between subjects, and no platen to wear down.","Not abraded by manual labour, and not subject to the age-related quality decline well documented in fingerprint capture.","Stable over the roughly ten-year horizons that have actually been measured â comfortably longer than most identity document validity periods.","Scales to large populations: NIST's IREX III evaluation held the false-negative identification rate below 2.5% at a gallery of 3.9 million enrolled irides."],ae=["Requires the person to be physically present at a dedicated near-infrared sensor. Unlike 2D face matching, it cannot be enrolled from a selfie or an existing photograph.","Needs purpose-built capture hardware â a stock smartphone camera cannot do it, because consumer cameras filter out the infrared light iris capture depends on.","Still requires a cooperating subject at a known distance, not a passive, at-a-distance capture.","Presentation attack detection is effective against known attack types, but is not a solved problem against novel ones â pair it with liveness supervision or a second modality for high-value transactions.","NIST's largest published galleries stop at a few million enrolled irides; performance at tens of millions is an extrapolation to validate against the specific matcher."],te=[{icon:M,title:"COMET-M1",desc:"Captures iris in an easily portable, rugged handheld form â alongside FAP30 fingerprint and 1:1/1:N face matching â so field teams capture and verify iris without a fixed enrolment desk.",href:"/devices/comet-m1-biometric-phone"},{icon:f,title:r==null?void 0:r.name,desc:r==null?void 0:r.desc,href:r==null?void 0:r.href},{icon:u,title:"Civil ABIS",desc:"Face, fingerprint and iris deduplicated together with score-level fusion across the full registry.",href:"/technology/civil-abis"}],I=[{q:"Is iris recognition the same as retina scanning?",a:"No â they are different structures, imaged with different optics. The iris is the coloured ring at the front of the eye, captured from a short distance with a camera-style sensor. The retina is at the back of the eye and needs a close-range interior scan â the technology retina scanning has a reputation for being invasive that iris recognition does not share, because the two are frequently and incorrectly conflated."},{q:"Why can't a phone camera capture an iris? Doesn't every biometric work remotely now?",a:"Iris capture needs active near-infrared illumination, conventionally in the 700â900 nanometre band, because melanin absorbs visible light and darker irides â the majority in many of the populations Axon serves â show little usable texture outside the infrared. Consumer phone cameras carry infrared-blocking filters, so a stock smartphone cannot enrol an iris, and an ordinary visible-light photograph is not a usable enrolment source. That is
16why iris, unlike 2D face matching, is not a remote-onboarding tool â it requires the person at a dedicated sensor."},{q:"Does capturing both eyes double the accuracy?",a:"It's a common claim, and NIST tested it directly: it does not hold. Because image-quality issues â off-axis gaze, pupil dilation, cataracts â tend to affect both eyes together rather than independently, capturing two irides reduces the false-negative identification rate by a factor of roughly two to three, not by squaring it, and fusing both eyes typically increases the false-positive rate as well. Binocular capture is still the right default for foundational enrolment: it is a real, measured accuracy gain, delivered in a single presentation."},{q:"Is iris recognition spoof-proof?",a:"No biometric is. The credible attack vectors for iris are printed iris images, patterned contact lenses and prosthetic eyes; the countermeasure is presentation attack detection, tested under the ISO/IEC 30107 series. Independent testing shows PAD is effective against known, expected attack types, but the international LivDet-Iris competition has found that even leading algorithms accept a majority of presentations from a broad, partly unfamiliar set of attack instruments. For high-consequence transactions, we specify PAD tested to ISO/IEC 30107-3 and recommend supervision or a second modality rather than relying on iris PAD alone."},{q:"How stable is an iris over a lifetime?",a:"The iris forms in gestation and isn't subject to the wear that changes friction-ridge skin. NIST's longest operational study, using about a decade of border-crossing data, found no accuracy loss attributable to iris ageing over that period. Longer-term claims aren't something recognition data can support yet â no public dataset tracks the same irides across a full lifetime â but over the roughly ten-year horizons that have actually been measured, iris templates hold up well, comfortably longer than most identity documents remain valid."},{q:"What standards apply to iris data?",a:"ISO/IEC 19794-6:2011 specifies the iris image interchange format, and its successor, ISO/IEC 39794-6:2021, is what ICAO Doc 9303 now requires: inspection systems must be able to read it from 1 January 2026, and issuing states must use it from 1 January 2030. ISO/IEC 29794-6 covers how iris image quality is measured. In an ePassport, face is the required biometric and iris is optional â where a state includes it, ICAO requires storing the iris image itself, not just a matching template, specifically so the choice of matching vendor can change without re-enrolling the population."},{q:"Can the COMET-M1 capture and verify iris?",a:"Yes â the COMET-M1 captures iris in an easily portable, rugged handheld form factor, as an optional configuration alongside FAP30 fingerprint and 1:1/1:N face matching, so a single ~500 g device can both capture and verify iris in the field. 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16),e.jsx("div",{"aria-hidden":!0,className:"absolute inset-0",style:{background:"radial-gradient(circle at 72% 44%, rgba(81,187,225,0.16), transparent 33%), radial-gradient(circle at 14% 76%, rgba(25,84,185,0.22), transparent 35%)"}}),e.jsx("div",{"aria-hidden":!0,className:"absolute inset-0",style:{background:"linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(3,9,24,0.36) 0%, transparent 44%, rgba(3,9,24,0.92) 100%)"}}),e.jsx("div",{"aria-hidden":!0,className:"absolute inset-0 opacity-20",style:{backgroundImage:"linear-gradient(rgba(81,187,225,0.06) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(81,187,225,0.06) 1px, transparent 1px)",backgroundSize:"48px 48px"}}),e.jsx(o,{className:"relative flex min-h-[648px] flex-col justify-center py-14 md:py-20",children:e.jsxs("div",{className:"max-w-3xl",children:[e.jsx(se,{}),e.jsxs("p",{className:"mb-4 flex items-center gap-2.5 font-mono text-[10px] uppercase tracking-[0.24em] text-axon-cyan",children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"inline-block h-px w-[22px] shrink-0 bg-axon-cyan"}),"Technology · Embedded capability"]}),e.jsxs("h1",{className:"max-w-[780px] font-display text-4xl font-bold leading-[1.03] tracking-tight text-white sm:text-5xl lg:text-[4.2rem]",children:["Iris recognition, ",e.jsx("span",{className:"font-serif font-normal italic text-axon-cyan",children:"verified in seconds."})]}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-6 max-w-2xl font-sans text-lg leading-relaxed text-white/64 sm:text-xl",children:"A sub-five-second capture that scales to national populations â with the honest trade-off stated up front: the person has to be there, at a dedicated sensor."}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"mt-8 flex flex-wrap gap-4",children:[e.jsx(b,{variant:"cyan",as:d,to:"/contact",icon:m,children:"Talk to the Identity Team"}),e.jsx(b,{variant:"ghost",as:"a",href:"#capture",icon:f,children:"Binocular vs Monocular"})]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"mt-12 grid max-w-2xl gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"rounded-2xl border border-axon-cyan/25 bg-navy-950/70 p-4 backdrop-blur-md",children:e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex items-center gap-3",children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"flex h-9 w-9 items-center justify-center rounded-xl bg-axon-cyan/10",children:e.jsx(O,{className:"h-4 w-4 text-axon-cyan"})}),e.jsxs("div",{children:[e.jsx("p",{className:"font-display text-sm font-bold text-white",children:"Under 5 second capture"}),e.jsx("p",{className:"font-sans text-xs text-white/42",children:"UIDAI device spec vs ~50s for ten-print"})]})]})}),e.jsx("div",{className:"rounded-2xl border border-white/[0.12] bg-navy-950/70 p-4 backdrop-blur-md",children:e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex items-center gap-3",children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"flex h-9 w-9 items-center justify-center rounded-xl bg-white/[0.06]",children:e.jsx(u,{className:"h-4 w-4 text-[#8aa9ff]"})}),e.jsxs("div",{children:[e.jsx("p",{className:"font-display text-sm font-bold text-white",children:"Scales past millions"}),e.jsx("p",{className:"font-sans text-xs text-white/42",children:"NIST IREX III: FNIR below 2.5% at 3.9M"})]})]})})]})]})})]}),e.jsx(A,{sections:J,label:"Iris recognition sections"}),e.jsxs("main",{children:[e.jsx("section",{id:"overview",className:`${c} border-b border-white/[0.07]`,children:e.jsxs(o,{className:"py-16 md:py-20",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"grid gap-8 lg:grid-cols-[0.9fr_1.1fr] lg:items-center lg:gap-16",children:[e.jsxs("div",{children:[e.jsx("p",{className:"font-mono text-[10px] uppercase tracking-[0.22em] text-axon-cyan",children:"The short answer"}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-4 font-display text-2xl font-semibold leading-snug text-white sm:text-3xl",children:"Iris is the fastest biometric to capture and one of the hardest to fake at a distance â but it only works with the person standing in front of the sensor."})]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"space-y-5 font-sans text-[15px] leading-relaxed text-white/56",children:[e.jsx("p",{children:"The iris is imaged under active near-infrared illumination, because melanin absorbs visible light and darker irides â the majority across many of the populations Axon serves â show little usable texture outside the infrared. That is also why a standard camera phone cannot do it: consumer cameras filter infrared light out."}),e.jsxs("p",{children:["Because it needs a dedicated sensor and a present subject, iris is not a remote-onboarding tool â pair it with"," ",e.jsx(d,{to:"/technology/face-matching",className:"text-axon-cyan underline underline-offset-2 hover:text-white",children:"2D face matching"})," ","wherever the person isn't physically there. But wherever presence is already guaranteed â enrolment desks, service centres, border posts â it is one of the fastest and most scalable biometrics available."]})]})]}),e.jsx("div",{className:"mt-12 flex flex-wrap gap-3 border-t border-white/[0.07] pt-6",children:["National ID enrolment","Civil registry dedup","Border & watchlist screening","Field verification","Voter registration"].map(a=>e.jsx("span",{className:"rounded-full border border-white/10 bg-white/[0.035] px-4 py-2 font-mono text-[9px] uppercase tracking-[0.16em] text-white/48",children:a},a))}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"mt-12 grid overflow-hidden rounded-3xl border border-white/[0.08] bg-white/[0.025] lg:grid-cols-[0.92fr_1.08fr] lg:items-center",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"p-6 sm:p-8",children:[e.jsx("p",{className:"font-mono text-[10px] uppercase tracking-[0.2em] text-axon-cyan",children:"Dedicated scanner"}),e.jsx("h3",{className:"mt-3 font-display text-2xl font-bold leading-tight text-white",children:"Purpose-built binocular capture for first enrolment."}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-4 font-sans text-sm leading-relaxed text-white/52",children:"The iris path starts with dedicated near-infrared hardware: controlled distance, shielded eyes and a repeatable presentation, instead of asking a phone camera to do work it was never designed for."}),e.jsx("div",{className:"mt-6 space-y-3",children:["Both eyes presented to one scanner","Near-infrared capture in a controlled position","Field or desk workflow depending on the programme"].map(a=>e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex gap-3 font-sans text-sm leading-relaxed text-white/58",children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"mt-0.5 flex h-5 w-5 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-axon-cyan/12 text-axon-cyan",children:e.jsx(h,{className:"h-3 w-3",strokeWidth:2.5})}),a]},a))})]}),e.jsxs("figure",{className:"relative flex min-h-[280px] items-center justify-center overflow-hidden bg-gradient-to-br from-black via-navy-950 to-axon-blue/30 p-8 sm:min-h-[360px]",children:[e.jsx("div",{"aria-hidden":!0,
16className:"absolute inset-x-12 bottom-8 h-28 rounded-full bg-axon-cyan/10 blur-3xl"}),e.jsx(y,{src:X,alt:"Dedicated binocular iris scanner product image",className:"relative z-10 w-full max-w-[620px] object-contain drop-shadow-[0_34px_70px_rgba(0,0,0,0.55)]"})]})]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"mt-6 grid overflow-hidden rounded-3xl border border-white/[0.08] bg-white/[0.025] lg:grid-cols-[1.08fr_0.92fr] lg:items-center",children:[e.jsxs("figure",{className:"relative flex min-h-[280px] items-center justify-center overflow-hidden bg-gradient-to-br from-black via-navy-950 to-axon-cyan/25 p-8 sm:min-h-[360px]",children:[e.jsx("div",{"aria-hidden":!0,className:"absolute inset-x-12 bottom-8 h-28 rounded-full bg-axon-cyan/10 blur-3xl"}),e.jsx(y,{src:"/assets/comet-m1.png",alt:"COMET-M1 rugged handheld biometric device",className:"relative z-10 w-full max-w-[420px] object-contain drop-shadow-[0_34px_70px_rgba(0,0,0,0.55)]"})]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"p-6 sm:p-8",children:[e.jsx("p",{className:"font-mono text-[10px] uppercase tracking-[0.2em] text-axon-cyan",children:"Field-portable capture"}),e.jsx("h3",{className:"mt-3 font-display text-2xl font-bold leading-tight text-white",children:"One handheld, carried to the person."}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-4 font-sans text-sm leading-relaxed text-white/52",children:"COMET-M1 packs an optional iris capture module into the same rugged, IP67 handheld used for FAP30 fingerprint and 1:1/1:N face matching â a single ~500 g device that travels to the person instead of asking them to come to a fixed scanner."}),e.jsx("div",{className:"mt-6 space-y-3",children:["IP67-rated, ~500 g single handheld unit","Captures iris alongside FAP30 fingerprint and face matching","Verifies against an existing enrolment out in the field, no desk required"].map(a=>e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex gap-3 font-sans text-sm leading-relaxed text-white/58",children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"mt-0.5 flex h-5 w-5 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-axon-cyan/12 text-axon-cyan",children:e.jsx(h,{className:"h-3 w-3",strokeWidth:2.5})}),a]},a))}),e.jsxs(d,{to:"/devices/comet-m1-biometric-phone",className:"mt-6 inline-flex items-center gap-2 font-sans text-sm font-semibold text-axon-cyan transition-colors hover:text-white",children:["View the COMET-M1",e.jsx(m,{className:"h-3.5 w-3.5"})]})]})]})]})}),e.jsx(x,{fill:w}),e.jsxs("section",{id:"capture",className:`${c} relative overflow-hidden border-b border-charcoal/10 bg-cream text-charcoal`,children:[e.jsx("div",{"aria-hidden":!0,className:"absolute inset-0 bg-grid-navy opacity-40"}),e.jsxs(o,{className:"relative py-20 md:py-28",children:[e.jsx(p,{tone:"light",eyebrow:"One eye, or two",title:"Binocular for foundational enrolment. 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Search millions.",title:"Built for large populations and large customer groups.",lead:"1:1 and 1:N answer different questions, and a national programme needs both â verification at the point of service, deduplication at the point of enrolment."}),e.jsx("div",{className:"mt-12 grid gap-6 lg:grid-cols-2",children:Z.map(a=>{const s=a.icon;return e.jsxs("div",{className:"rounded-3xl border border-white/[0.08] bg-white/[0.03] p-6 sm:p-8",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"mb-5 flex items-center gap-4",children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"flex h-12 w-12 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-2xl border border-axon-cyan/25 bg-axon-cyan/10",children:e.jsx(s,{className:"h-5 w-5 text-axon-cyan",strokeWidth:1.7})}),e.jsx("div",{children:e.jsxs("p",{className:"font-mono text-[10px] uppercase tracking-[0.22em] text-axon-cyan",children:[a.tag," · ",a.title]})})]}),e.jsx("p",{className:"font-display text-lg font-semibold italic leading-snug text-white",children:a.question}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-4 font-sans text-[15px] leading-relaxed text-white/58",children:a.desc}),e.jsx("div",{className:"mt-6 space-y-2.5 border-t border-white/[0.07] pt-5",children:a.examples.map(i=>e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex gap-3 font-sans text-sm leading-relaxed text-white/48",children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"mt-0.5 flex h-5 w-5 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-axon-cyan/12 text-axon-cyan",children:e.jsx(h,{className:"h-3 w-3",strokeWidth:2.5})}),i]},i))})]},a.tag)})}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"mt-10 grid gap-10 lg:grid-cols-[0.78fr_1.22fr] lg:gap-16",children:[e.jsx("div",{children:e.jsxs("div",{className:"rounded-2xl border border-axon-cyan/20 bg-axon-cyan/[0.055] p-5",children:[e.jsx(T,{className:"h-5 w-5 text-axon-cyan"}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-3 font-display text-lg font-semibold text-white",children:"Where the numbers stop"}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-2 font-sans text-sm leading-relaxed text-white/50",children:"NIST's largest published iris gallery is 3.9 million enrolled irides, from 2012. Performance at tens or hundreds of millions â the scale of a national civil registry â is an extrapolation, and should be validated against the specific matching engine and population before it's relied on operationally."})]})}),e.jsx("div",{className:"overflow-hidden rounded-3xl border border-white/[0.08] bg-white/[0.025]",children:K.map((a,s)=>{const i=a.icon;return e.jsxs("div",{className:`grid gap-4 p-5 sm:grid-cols-[44px_1fr_140px] sm:items-center sm:p-6 ${s>0?"border-t border-white/[0.07]":""}`,children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"flex h-11 w-11 items-center justify-center rounded-xl border border-white/10 bg-white/[0.04]",children:e.jsx(i,{className:"h-[18px] w-[18px] text-axon-cyan",strokeWidth:1.7})}),e.jsxs("div",{children:[e.jsx("p",{className:"font-display text-base font-semibold text-white",children:a.journey}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-1 font-sans text-sm leading-relaxed text-white/44",children:a.reason})]}),e.jsx("span",{className:"w-fit whitespace-nowrap rounded-full 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lg:items-stretch",children:[{n:"01",title:"Capture",desc:"Binocular or monocular iris image under near-infrared illumination"},{n:"02",title:"Quality gate",desc:"ISO/IEC 29794-6 quality scoring before a comparison is attempted"},{n:"03",title:"Match",desc:"1:1 verification or 1:N search against the registry"},{n:"04",title:"Decide",desc:"Match, no-match, refer or step up"}].map((a,s)=>e.jsxs("div",{className:"contents",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"rounded-2xl border border-white/[0.09] bg-white/[0.035] p-5",children:[e.jsx("p",{className:"font-mono text-[9px] uppercase tracking-[0.18em] text-axon-cyan",children:a.n}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-3 font-display text-lg font-semibold text-white",children:a.title}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-2 font-sans text-sm leading-relaxed text-white/42",children:a.desc})]}),s<3&&e.jsx("div",{className:"flex items-center justify-center py-1 text-white/20 lg:py-0",children:e.jsx(m,{className:"h-4 w-4 rotate-90 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before the operator commits the biometric record."}),e.jsx("div",{className:"mt-6 divide-y divide-white/[0.07] border-y border-white/[0.07]",children:["Left and right iris review in one step","Recapture before submit, not after failure","Clean handoff into summary, match and decision"].map(a=>e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex gap-3 py-3 font-sans text-sm leading-relaxed text-white/58",children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"mt-0.5 flex h-5 w-5 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-axon-cyan/12 text-axon-cyan",children:e.jsx(h,{className:"h-3 w-3",strokeWidth:2.5})}),a]},a))})]})]}),e.jsx("div",{className:"mt-16 grid gap-6 lg:grid-cols-3",children:te.map(a=>{const s=a.icon;return e.jsxs(d,{to:a.href,className:"group rounded-2xl border border-white/[0.08] bg-white/[0.025] p-6 transition-all duration-300 hover:-translate-y-1 hover:border-axon-cyan/25 hover:bg-axon-cyan/[0.045]",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex items-start justify-between 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Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.