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4  <title>AVI SION BLOG | THE LOGICIAN</title>
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11<meta name="keywords" content="Logic, Philosophy, Spirituality. Laws of thought. Modal logic. Inductive logic. Phenomenology. Sense-perception. Consciousness. The Mind. The Self. Logic of Causation. Volition, Influence. A Fortiori Logic. Logic of Analogy. Judaism. Buddhism, Meditation.">
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548  <style type="text/css" class="navigation-style default-navigation-style" id="navigation-preset-2">
549    /* nav navbar */
550nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] ul.navbar-nav {
551  flex-wrap: wrap;
552  justify-content: inherit;
553
554}
555
556/* nav wrapper */
557nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] {
558  padding-left: 15px;
559  background-color: #222;
560  letter-spacing: normal;
561  padding-top: 14px;
562  line-height: normal;
563  padding-right: 15px;
564  border-width: 0px;
565  padding-bottom: 14px;
566  border-style: solid;
567
568}
569
570/* navbar wrapper */
571nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] .navbar-collapse {
572  justify-content: center;
573
574}
575
576/* primary regular */
577nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] .nav-item > a.nav-link {
578  padding-left: 20px;
579  border-color: transparent;
580  color: #eee;
581  margin-left: 10px;
582  margin-right: 10px;
583  font-size: 16px;
584  padding-top: 10px;
585  padding-right: 20px;
586  border-width: 0px;
587  padding-bottom: 10px;
588  font-family: Cabin;
589
590}
591
592/* primary active */
593nav[data-edit-state="primary-active"][data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
594nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] .nav-item.active > a.nav-link {
595
596}
597
598/* primary hover */
599nav[data-edit-state="primary-hover"][data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
600nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:hover,
601nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:focus {
602  background-color: #333;
603
604}
605
606/* dropdown box */
607nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] ul.dropdown-menu {
608  border-color: rgba(182, 182, 182, 0.5);
609  padding-top: 0px;
610  box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px rgba(68, 68, 68, 0.17);
611  padding-bottom: 0px;
612}
613
614/* dropdown regular */
615nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link {
616  padding-left: 15px;
617  color: #444;
618  padding-top: 15px;
619  line-height: 18px;
620  padding-right: 15px;
621  padding-bottom: 15px;
622  font-family: Cabin;
623}
624
625/* dropdown active */
626nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-active"][data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
627nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item.active > a.nav-link {
628  background-color: #ddd;
629  border-color: transparent;
630  color: #000;
631}
632
633/* dropdown hover */
634nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-hover"][data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
635nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:hover,
636nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-2"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:focus {
637  background-color: #eee;
638  border-color: transparent;
639  color: #000;
640}
641
642  </style>
643
644  <style type="text/css" class="navigation-style default-navigation-style" id="navigation-preset-3">
645    
646/* nav navbar */
647nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] ul.navbar-nav {
648  flex-wrap: wrap;
649  justify-content: inherit;
650
651}
652
653/* nav wrapper */
654nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] {
655  padding-left: 10px;
656  background-color: #fff;
657  border-color: transparent;
658  letter-spacing: normal;
659  padding-top: 10px;
660  line-height: normal;
661  padding-right: 10px;
662  border-width: 0px;
663  padding-bottom: 10px;
664  border-style: solid;
665
666}
667
668/* navbar wrapper */
669nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] .navbar-collapse {
670  justify-content: center;
671
672}
673
674/* primary regular */
675nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] .nav-item > a.nav-link {
676  padding-left: 20px;
677  background-color: #ddd;
678  border-color: #ddd;
679  color: #222;
680  margin-left: 3px;
681  margin-right: 3px;
682  font-size: 16px;
683  padding-top: 10px;
684  padding-right: 20px;
685  border-width: 1px;
686  padding-bottom: 10px;
687  font-family: Cabin;
688
689}
690
691/* primary active */
692nav[data-edit-state="primary-active"][data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
693nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] .nav-item.active > a.nav-link {
694  background-color: #f5f5f5;
695  border-color: #ccc;
696  color: #000;
697}
698
699/* primary hover */
700nav[data-edit-state="primary-hover"][data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
701nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:hover,
702nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:focus {
703  background-color: #eee;
704  border-color: #ccc;
705  color: #000;
706
707}
708
709/* dropdown box */
710nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] ul.dropdown-menu {
711  border-color: rgba(182, 182, 182, 0.5);
712  padding-top: 0px;
713  box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px rgba(68, 68, 68, 0.17);
714  padding-bottom: 0px;
715}
716
717/* dropdown regular */
718nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link {
719  padding-left: 15px;
720  color: #444;
721  padding-top: 15px;
722  line-height: 18px;
723  padding-right: 15px;
724  padding-bottom: 15px;
725  font-family: Cabin;
726}
727
728/* dropdown active */
729nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-active"][data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
730nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item.active > a.nav-link {
731  background-color: #ddd;
732  border-color: transparent;
733  color: #000;
734}
735
736/* dropdown hover */
737nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-hover"][data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
738nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:hover,
739nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-3"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:focus {
740  background-color: #eee;
741  border-color: transparent;
742  color: #000;
743}
744
745  </style>
746
747  <style type="text/css" class="navigation-style default-navigation-style" id="navigation-preset-4">
748    /* nav navbar */
749nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] ul.navbar-nav {
750  flex-wrap: wrap;
751  justify-content: inherit;
752
753}
754
755/* nav wrapper */
756nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] {
757  padding-left: 10px;
758  background-color: #222;
759  border-color: transparent;
760  letter-spacing: normal;
761  padding-top: 10px;
762  line-height: normal;
763  padding-right: 10px;
764  border-width: 0px;
765  padding-bottom: 10px;
766  border-style: solid;
767
768}
769
770/* navbar wrapper */
771nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] .navbar-collapse {
772  justify-content: center;
773
774}
775
776/* primary regular */
777nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] .nav-item > a.nav-link {
778  padding-left: 25px;
779  color: #fff;
780  margin-left: 4px;
781  margin-right: 4px;
782  font-size: 16px;
783  padding-top: 10px;
784  padding-right: 25px;
785  border-width: 2px;
786  padding-bottom: 10px;
787  font-family: Cabin;
788
789}
790
791/* primary active */
792nav[data-edit-state="primary-active"][data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
793nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] .nav-item.active > a.nav-link {
794  background-color: #444;
795
796}
797
798/* primary hover */
799nav[data-edit-state="primary-hover"][data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
800nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:hover,
801nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:focus {
802  background-color: #333;
803
804}
805/* dropdown box */
806nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] ul.dropdown-menu {
807  border-color: rgba(182, 182, 182, 0.5);
808  padding-top: 0px;
809  box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px rgba(68, 68, 68, 0.17);
810  padding-bottom: 0px;
811}
812
813/* dropdown regular */
814nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link {
815  padding-left: 15px;
816  color: #444;
817  padding-top: 15px;
818  line-height: 18px;
819  padding-right: 15px;
820  padding-bottom: 15px;
821  font-family: Cabin;
822}
823
824/* dropdown active */
825nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-active"][data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
826nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item.active > a.nav-link {
827  background-color: #ddd;
828  border-color: transparent;
829  color: #000;
830}
831
832/* dropdown hover */
833nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-hover"][data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
834nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:hover,
835nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-4"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:focus {
836  background-color: #eee;
837  border-color: transparent;
838  color: #000;
839}
840
841  </style>
842
843  <style type="text/css" class="navigation-style default-navigation-style" id="navigation-preset-5">
844    /* nav navbar */
845nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] ul.navbar-nav {
846  flex-wrap: wrap;
847  justify-content: inherit;
848
849}
850
851/* nav wrapper */
852nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] {
853  padding-left: 10px;
854  background-color: #fff;
855  border-color: #000;
856  letter-spacing: normal;
857  padding-top: 10px;
858  line-height: normal;
859  padding-right: 10px;
860  border-width: 0px;
861  padding-bottom: 10px;
862  border-style: solid;
863
864}
865
866/* navbar wrapper */
867nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] .navbar-collapse {
868  justify-content: center;
869
870}
871
872/* primary regular */
873nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] .nav-item > a.nav-link {
874  padding-left: 20px;
875  background-color: #0071b7;
876  border-color: #0071b7;
877  color: #fff;
878  margin-left: 5px;
879  margin-right: 5px;
880  font-size: 16px;
881  padding-top: 10px;
882  border-radius: 5px;
883  padding-right: 20px;
884  border-width: 2px;
885  padding-bottom: 10px;
886  font-family: Cabin;
887
888}
889
890/* primary active */
891nav[data-edit-state="primary-active"][data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
892nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] .nav-item.active > a.nav-link {
893  background-color: #1587cf;
894
895}
896
897/* primary hover */
898nav[data-edit-state="primary-hover"][data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
899nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:hover,
900nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:focus {
901  background-color: #1587cf;
902
903}
904
905/* dropdown box */
906nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] ul.dropdown-menu {
907  border-color: rgba(182, 182, 182, 0.5);
908  padding-top: 0px;
909  box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px rgba(68, 68, 68, 0.17);
910  padding-bottom: 0px;
911}
912
913/* dropdown regular */
914nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link {
915  padding-left: 15px;
916  color: #444;
917  padding-top: 15px;
918  line-height: 18px;
919  padding-right: 15px;
920  padding-bottom: 15px;
921  font-family: Cabin;
922}
923
924/* dropdown active */
925nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-active"][data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
926nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item.active > a.nav-link {
927  background-color: #ddd;
928  border-color: transparent;
929  color: #000;
930}
931
932/* dropdown hover */
933nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-hover"][data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
934nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:hover,
935nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-5"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:focus {
936  background-color: #eee;
937  border-color: transparent;
938  color: #000;
939}
940
941  </style>
942
943  <style type="text/css" class="navigation-style default-navigation-style" id="navigation-preset-6">
944    /* nav navbar */
945nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] ul.navbar-nav {
946  flex-wrap: wrap;
947  justify-content: inherit;
948
949}
950
951/* nav wrapper */
952nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] {
953  padding-left: 10px;
954  background-color: #eee;
955  border-color: #000;
956  letter-spacing: normal;
957  padding-top: 10px;
958  line-height: normal;
959  padding-right: 10px;
960  border-width: 0px;
961  padding-bottom: 10px;
962  border-style: solid;
963
964}
965
966/* navbar wrapper */
967nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] .navbar-collapse {
968  justify-content: center;
969
970}
971
972/* primary regular */
973nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] .nav-item > a.nav-link {
974  padding-left: 20px;
975  border-color: #ccc;
976  color: #000;
977  margin-left: 3px;
978  margin-right: 3px;
979  font-size: 16px;
980  padding-top: 10px;
981  border-radius: 7px;
982  padding-right: 20px;
983  border-width: 2px;
984  padding-bottom: 10px;
985  font-family: Cabin;
986
987}
988
989/* primary active */
990nav[data-edit-state="primary-active"][data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
991nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] .nav-item.active > a.nav-link {
992  background-color: #fff;
993
994}
995
996/* primary hover */
997nav[data-edit-state="primary-hover"][data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
998nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:hover,
999nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:focus {
1000  background-color: #fff;
1001  border-color: #ccc;
1002
1003}
1004
1005/* dropdown box */
1006nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] ul.dropdown-menu {
1007  border-color: rgba(182, 182, 182, 0.5);
1008  padding-top: 0px;
1009  box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px rgba(68, 68, 68, 0.17);
1010  padding-bottom: 0px;
1011}
1012
1013/* dropdown regular */
1014nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link {
1015  padding-left: 15px;
1016  color: #444;
1017  padding-top: 15px;
1018  line-height: 18px;
1019  padding-right: 15px;
1020  padding-bottom: 15px;
1021  font-family: Cabin;
1022}
1023
1024/* dropdown active */
1025nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-active"][data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
1026nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item.active > a.nav-link {
1027  background-color: #ddd;
1028  border-color: transparent;
1029  color: #000;
1030}
1031
1032/* dropdown hover */
1033nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-hover"][data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
1034nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:hover,
1035nav[data-preset="navigation-preset-6"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:focus {
1036  background-color: #eee;
1037  border-color: transparent;
1038  color: #000;
1039}
1040
1041  </style>
1042
1043
1044
1045  <style type="text/css" class="list-style default-list-style" id="list-preset-1">
1046    /* list wrapper */
1047
1048.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] {
1049  letter-spacing: normal;
1050  line-height: normal;
1051}
1052
1053
1054/* list navbar */
1055
1056.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] ul.navigation {
1057  text-align: left;
1058  margin-left: 0;
1059  margin-right: 0;
1060  margin-top: 0;
1061  margin-bottom: 0;
1062  padding-left: 0;
1063  padding-right: 0;
1064  padding-top: 0;
1065  padding-bottom: 0;
1066  list-style-type: none;
1067}
1068
1069/* list item */
1070
1071.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] li {
1072  display: block;
1073}
1074
1075
1076/* primary regular */
1077
1078.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] li > a.nav-link {
1079  padding-top: 5px;
1080  padding-bottom: 5px;
1081  padding-left: 0;
1082  padding-right: 0;
1083  margin-top: 0;
1084  margin-bottom: 0;
1085  margin-left: 0px;
1086  color: black;
1087  font-size: 16px;
1088  font-family: Arial;
1089}
1090
1091/* primary_icon regular */
1092
1093.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] li > a.nav-link .nav-link__icon {
1094}
1095
1096
1097/* primary hover */
1098
1099.link_list[data-edit-state="primary-hover"][data-preset="list-preset-1"] li > a,
1100.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] li > a:hover,
1101.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] li > a:focus {
1102  color: #888;
1103}
1104
1105/* primary_icon hover */
1106
1107.link_list[data-edit-state="primary-hover"][data-preset="list-preset-1"] li > a .nav-link__icon,
1108.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] li > a:hover .nav-link__icon,
1109.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] li > a:focus .nav-link__icon {
1110}
1111
1112
1113/* primary active */
1114
1115.link_list[data-edit-state="primary-active"][data-preset="list-preset-1"] ul > li > a.nav-link,
1116.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] ul > li.active> a.nav-link {
1117  color: #fff;
1118  background-color: #000;
1119}
1120
1121
1122/* secondary box */
1123
1124.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] .navigation ul {
1125  list-style-type: none;
1126  margin-left: 0;
1127  margin-right: 0;
1128  margin-top: 0;
1129  margin-bottom: 0;
1130  padding-left: 0;
1131  padding-right: 0;
1132  padding-top: 0;
1133  padding-bottom: 0;
1134}
1135
1136
1137/* secondary regular */
1138
1139.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link {
1140  padding-left: 25px;
1141}
1142
1143/* secondary_icon regular */
1144
1145.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link .nav-link__icon {
1146}
1147
1148
1149/* secondary hover */
1150
1151.link_list[data-edit-state="secondary-hover"][data-preset="list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link,
1152.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link:hover,
1153.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link:focus {}
1154
1155/* secondary_icon hover */
1156
1157.link_list[data-edit-state="secondary-hover"][data-preset="list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link .nav-link__icon,
1158.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link:hover .nav-link__icon,
1159.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link:focus .nav-link__icon {}
1160
1161
1162/* secondary active */
1163
1164.link_list[data-edit-state="secondary-active"][data-preset="list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link,
1165.link_list[data-preset="list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li.active > a.nav-link {
1166  color: #fff;
1167  background-color: #000;
1168}
1169
1170  </style>
1171
1172
1173
1174  
1175    <style type="text/css" class="navigation-style custom-navigation-style" id="custom-preset-1">
1176      
1177            /* nav navbar */
1178      nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.navbar-nav {
1179        flex-wrap: wrap;
1180 justify-content: inherit;
1181
1182      }
1183
1184            /* nav wrapper */
1185      nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] {
1186        border-width: 0px;
1187 border-color: transparent;
1188 padding-top: 6px;
1189 padding-bottom: 6px;
1190 padding-left: 15px;
1191 padding-right: 15px;
1192 letter-spacing: normal;
1193 line-height: normal;
1194 border-style: solid;
1195
1196      }
1197
1198            /* navbar wrapper */
1199      nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] .navbar-collapse {
1200        justify-content: flex-end;
1201
1202      }
1203
1204            /* primary regular */
1205      nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] .nav-item > a.nav-link {
1206        border-width: 0px;
1207 border-color: transparent;
1208 padding-top: 10px;
1209 padding-bottom: 10px;
1210 margin-right: 3px;
1211 padding-left: 25px;
1212 padding-right: 25px;
1213 margin-left: 3px;
1214 border-style: solid;
1215
1216      }
1217
1218            /* primary active */
1219      nav[data-edit-state="primary-active"][data-preset="custom-preset-1"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
1220nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] .nav-item.active > a.nav-link {
1221        color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);
1222 background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
1223
1224      }
1225
1226            /* primary hover */
1227      nav[data-edit-state="primary-hover"][data-preset="custom-preset-1"] .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
1228nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:hover,
1229nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] .nav-item > a.nav-link:focus {
1230        color: rgba(139, 139, 139, 1);
1231 background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
1232 border-style: solid;
1233
1234      }
1235
1236            /* primary_icon regular */
1237      nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] .navbar-nav > .nav-item > a.nav-link .nav-link__icon {
1238        
1239      }
1240
1241            /* primary_icon hover */
1242      nav[data-edit-state="primary-hover"][data-preset="custom-preset-1"] .navbar-nav > .nav-item:first-child > a.nav-link .nav-link__icon,
1243nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] .navbar-nav > .nav-item > a.nav-link:hover .nav-link__icon,
1244nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] .navbar-nav > .nav-item > a.nav-link:focus .nav-link__icon {
1245        
1246      }
1247
1248            /* dropdown box */
1249      nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.dropdown-menu {
1250        border-color: rgba(182, 182, 182, 0.5);
1251 padding-top: 0px;
1252 padding-bottom: 0px;
1253 box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px rgba(68, 68, 68, 0.17);
1254
1255      }
1256
1257            /* dropdown regular */
1258      nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link {
1259        color: #444;
1260 padding-top: 15px;
1261 padding-bottom: 15px;
1262 font-family: Cabin;
1263 padding-left: 15px;
1264 padding-right: 15px;
1265 line-height: 18px;
1266
1267      }
1268
1269            /* dropdown active */
1270      nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-active"][data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
1271nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item.active > a.nav-link {
1272        border-color: transparent;
1273 color: #000;
1274 background-color: #ddd;
1275 border-style: solid;
1276
1277      }
1278
1279            /* dropdown hover */
1280      nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-hover"][data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link,
1281nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:hover,
1282nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item > a.nav-link:focus {
1283        border-color: transparent;
1284 color: #000;
1285 background-color: #eee;
1286
1287      }
1288
1289            /* dropdown_icon regular */
1290      nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.dropdown-menu .nav-link .nav-link__icon {
1291        
1292      }
1293
1294            /* dropdown_icon hover */
1295      nav[data-edit-state="dropdown-hover"][data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:first-child > a.nav-link .nav-link__icon,
1296nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.dropdown-menu .nav-link:hover .nav-link__icon,
1297nav[data-preset="custom-preset-1"] ul.dropdown-menu .nav-link:focus .nav-link__icon {
1298        
1299      }
1300
1301    </style>
1302  
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308  
1309    <style type="text/css" class="list-style custom-list-style" id="custom-list-preset-1">
1310      
1311            /* list navbar */
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1313        margin: 0;
1314 padding: 0;
1315 list-style-type: none;
1316
1317      }
1318
1319            /* list item */
1320      .link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] li {
1321        
1322      }
1323
1324            /* list wrapper */
1325      .link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] {
1326        border-width: 0px;
1327 border-color: rgba(33, 37, 41, 1);
1328 max-width: 548px;
1329 margin: 0;
1330 padding-top: 15px;
1331 padding: 10px;
1332 padding-bottom: 15px;
1333
1334      }
1335
1336            /* primary regular */
1337      .link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] li > a.nav-link {
1338        border-width: 0px;
1339 text-shadow: none;
1340 border-bottom-width: 1px;
1341 border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
1342 font-size: 20px;
1343 color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);
1344 padding-top: 8px;
1345 padding-bottom: 8px;
1346 padding-left: 16px;
1347 padding-right: 16px;
1348 line-height: 1.3;
1349 border-bottom-style: solid;
1350
1351      }
1352
1353            /* primary hover */
1354      .link_list[data-edit-state="primary-hover"][data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] li > a,
1355.link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] li > a:hover,
1356.link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] li > a:focus {
1357        text-decoration: underline;
1358
1359      }
1360
1361            /* primary_icon regular */
1362      .link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] li > a.nav-link .nav-link__icon {
1363        
1364      }
1365
1366            /* primary_icon hover */
1367      .link_list[data-edit-state="primary-hover"][data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] li > a .nav-link__icon,
1368.link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] li > a:hover .nav-link__icon,
1369.link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] li > a:focus .nav-link__icon {
1370        
1371      }
1372
1373            /* secondary regular */
1374      .link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link {
1375        text-shadow: none;
1376 border-bottom-color: rgba(205, 205, 205, 1);
1377 font-size: 16px;
1378 padding-top: 5px;
1379 padding-bottom: 5px;
1380 padding-left: 24px;
1381 padding-right: 11px;
1382 background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
1383 line-height: 1.4;
1384
1385      }
1386
1387            /* secondary hover */
1388      .link_list[data-edit-state="secondary-hover"][data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link,
1389.link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link:hover,
1390.link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link:focus {
1391        
1392      }
1393
1394            /* secondary box */
1395      .link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] .navigation ul {
1396        margin: 0;
1397 padding: 0;
1398 list-style-type: circle;
1399
1400      }
1401
1402            /* secondary active */
1403      .link_list[data-edit-state="secondary-active"][data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link,
1404.link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li.active > a.nav-link {
1405        
1406      }
1407
1408            /* secondary_icon regular */
1409      .link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link .nav-link__icon {
1410        
1411      }
1412
1413            /* secondary_icon hover */
1414      .link_list[data-edit-state="secondary-hover"][data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link .nav-link__icon,
1415.link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link:hover .nav-link__icon,
1416.link_list[data-preset="custom-list-preset-1"] .navigation ul li > a.nav-link:focus .nav-link__icon {
1417        
1418      }
1419
1420    </style>
1421  
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430<script>
1431  // this is a defensive script tag. It should prevent malformed html in the
1432  // custom header from breaking the page. When there is malformed html, like an
1433  // unclosed tag the next tag will be treated as a child of the malformed tag.
1434</script>
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441<script src="/javascripts/shared/i18n/en.min.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1441
1441
1442<script>
1443  I18n.defaultLocale = "en";
1444  I18n.locale = "en";
1445</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1445
1445
1446<script>
1447  // reCAPTCHA site key removed - replaced with first-party Mathcha CAPTCHA
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1449  window.brand = {"strip_powered_by":true,"powered_by_html":"\u003C!-- INSERT YOUR BADGE HTML HERE --\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font:normal 12px arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"\u003ECreate a \u003Ca style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http://www.bravesites.com\"\u003EFree Website\u003C/a\u003E\nat \u003Ca style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http://www.bravenet.com\"\u003EBravenet.com\u003C/a\u003E. \u0026nbsp;(\u003Ca style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https://www.bravenet.com/global/abuse.php\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EReport Abuse\u003C/a\u003E)\n\u003C/span\u003E\n","default_favicon_url":"http://assets.bravenet.com/bn/bravesites/img/favicon.ico","help_system":true,"upgrade_url":"http://www.bravenet.com/bravesites/redirect/upgrade","upgrade_msg":"Please upgrade to enable this feature.","wiki_url":"http://wiki.bravesites.com/w/","account_url":"http://www.bravenet.com/bravesites/redirect/dashboard","logo_url":"http://assets.bravenet.com/bn/bravesites/img/bravesites_toolbar_logo.png","v3_logo_url":null,"partner_id":2,"hostname":"bravesites.com","name":"Bravenet","colors":null,"custom_builder_css":null,"languages":"en","root_domain":"bravesites.com","support_url":"https://www.bravenet.com/help/postquestion.php?dept=SiteBlocks"};
1450
1451  window.deferred_js = [];
1452
1453  window.defer = function(func) {
1454    if (window.jQuery) {
1455      jQuery(func);
1456    } else {
1457      deferred_js.push(func);
1458    }
1459  };
1460
1461  window.loadEcwidScript = function(url, variableName, callback){
1462    var script = document.createElement('script');
1463    var scriptExists = false;
1464    var checkInterval = null;
1465
1466    if (!scriptExists) {
1467      script.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript');
1468      script.setAttribute('charset', 'utf-8');
1469      script.setAttribute('data-cfasync', 'false');
1470      script.setAttribute('src', url);
1471
1472      script.onload = function() {
1473          callback();
1474      };
1475
1476      document.head.appendChild(script);
1477
1478    }else{
1479      checkInterval = setInterval(function() {
1480         if (typeof window[variableName] !== 'undefined') {
1481             callback();
1482             clearInterval(checkInterval); // Stop checking once the variable is found
1483         }
1484     }, 1000);
1485    }
1486
1487  }
1488
1489  window.loadScript = function(url, callback) {
1490    var current_script = document.querySelector('script[src="'+ url +'"]');
1491
1492    if (current_script) {
1493      callback();
1494      return;
1495    }
1496
1497    var script = document.createElement('script');
1498    script.type = 'text/javascript';
1499
1500    script.onload = function() {
1501      callback();
1502    };
1503
1504    script.src = url;
1505
1506    document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script);
1507  };
1508
1509  var BLOG_AVATAR_COLORS = {"a":"#c81717","b":"#fe681e","c":"#a12c32","d":"#de2455","e":"#0a6fb7","f":"#135788","g":"#101e6f","h":"#00a6ee","i":"#c552cb","j":"#a05bcc","k":"#5f31b8","l":"#8e73cc","m":"#992f7c","n":"#a29344","o":"#8a7d64","p":"#5a3b1c","q":"#ae6507","r":"#e09113","s":"#d2b428","t":"#08a29a","u":"#2a666a","v":"#11846f","w":"#566204","x":"#11963b","y":"#1cbf50","z":"#14592f","1":"#dc2424","2":"#1483d2","3":"#249e88","4":"#1cad4a","5":"#c5a615","6":"#af2589","7":"#2c3ea9","8":"#da8a0b","9":"#df4ce6","0":"#885b2f"};
1510</script>
1510
1511
1512<script src="/javascripts/shared/vendor/lazysizes.min.js" async></script>
1512
1513
1514
1515  
1516    
1516<script defer type="text/javascript" src="/javascripts/shared.js"></script>
1516
1517  
1518
1519
1520
1521  <!-- Google Analytics -->
vendor: 65 bytes, lines 1521-1523
1521
1522
1523<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=
1523G-520033
vendor: 12 bytes, line 1523
1523"></script>
1524<script>
1525  
vendor: 134 bytes, lines 1525-1529
1525window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
1526  function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
1527  gtag('js', new Date());
1528
1529  gtag('config', '
1529G-520033
vendor: 4 bytes, line 1529
1529');
1530</script>
1530
1531
1532<!-- End Google Analytics -->
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538<!-- Start queued items -->
1539
1540<!-- End queued items -->
1541
1542
1543
1544</head>
1545<body
1546  class="page_avi_sion_blog "
1547  data-version="v3"
1548  
1549  itemscope
1550  itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"
1551  style="color: rgba(34, 34, 34, 1); font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans'; background-color: #ffffffff; line-height: 1.6;"
1552>
1553
1554  
1555
1556  <div id="fb-root"></div>
1557
1558<script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1558
1558
1559<script>
1560    var FB = FB || null;
1561
1562    if (FB) {
1563      FB.init({
1564        appId: '302852376879370',
1565        cookie: true,
1566        xfbml: false, // allow the social plugins to initialize themselves - helps keep it AJAXy, too
1567        version: 'v4.0',
1568        autoLogAppEvents: true
1569      });
1570    }
1571</script>
1571
1572
1573<div class="layout_mode_toggler" style="display:none;">Restore Blocks</div>
1574
1575
1576  
1577
1578  <div id="asterion_page_wrapper">
1579    
1580  
1581    <div id="mobile_wrapper">
1582      <div id="mobnav-btn">
1583        Menu
1584         <div class="hamburger-wrapper">
1585  <div class="hamburger hamburger--squeeze">
1586    <div class="hamburger-box">
1587      <div class="hamburger-inner"></div>
1588    </div>
1589  </div>
1590</div>
1591      </div>
1592
1593      <div id="mobile_navigation">
1594        <ul>
1595          
1596          
1597          
1598            <li>
1599              
1600                <a class="nav-link" data-id="7dd4c9b8-a678-488e-adb4-92645cc3e56a" href="/index"><span class="nav-link__label">HOME </span></a>
1601                
1602              
1603            </li>
1604          
1605          
1606            <li>
1607              
1608                <a class="nav-link" data-id="903b435f-742a-4f80-85f8-93c0f1d1b0c2" href="/The-Logic-of-Causation-external-files"><span class="nav-link__label">ANNEX to The Logic of Causation</span></a>
1609                
1610              
1611            </li>
1612          
1613          
1614            <li>
1615              
1616                <a class="nav-link" data-id="2d173ee7-16db-486f-bcde-c0f8e3ab163c" href="/GUIDE-to-works-of-Avi-Sion"><span class="nav-link__label">GUIDE to works of Avi Sion</span></a>
1617                
1618              
1619            </li>
1620          
1621          
1622            <li>
1623              
1624                <a class="nav-link" data-id="287dd222-fe79-4184-98ab-19f3bcca7252" href="/AVI-SION-BLOG"><span class="nav-link__label">AVI SION BLOG</span></a>
1625                
1626              
1627            </li>
1628          
1629          
1630            <li>
1631              
1632                <a class="nav-link" data-id="1eed5533-fac5-4325-8dc5-ae4f18c7149d" href="/translations"><span class="nav-link__label">TRANSLATIONS</span></a>
1633                
1634              
1635            </li>
1636          
1637        </ul>
1638      </div>
1639    </div>
1640  
1641
1642  
1642<script>
1643    defer(function() {
1644      // hide/show main menu
1645      $('#mobnav-btn').on('click', function() {
1646        $('#mobile_navigation > ul').slideToggle();
1647        $('#mobnav-btn .hamburger').toggleClass('is-active');
1648      });
1649
1650      // show/hide submenu
1651      $('#mobile_navigation .mobile_subnav').on('click', function() {
1652        $(this).toggleClass('expanded').closest('li').find('> .mobile-dropdown-menu').slideToggle();
1653        return false;
1654      });
1655
1656      // when a navigation item is also a link add a secondary item
1657      $('#mobile_navigation .mobile_subnav').each(function(i, item) {
1658        var $item = $(item);
1659        if ($item.attr('href').match(/^#|javascript/)) return;
1660        $item.closest('li').find('> ul').prepend($('<li>').append($item.clone().removeClass('mobile_subnav').addClass('mobile_subnav_link')));
1661      });
1662
1663      // add active to the navigation, this is so we dont have to clear the cache each time
1664      $('#mobile_navigation ul li a').each(function() {
1665        if ($(this).attr('href') == window.location.pathname) {
1666          $(this).parent().addClass('active');
1667          return false;
1668        }
1669      });
1670    });
1671  </script>
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675    
1676
1677
1678    
1679
1680
1681
1682  
1683  
1684
1685  <header class="container-dropzone-wrapper "
1686    
1687  >
1688    
1689
1690    
1691
1692    
1693
1694    
1695      <div
1696        class="container-group"
1697        data-namespace="container_group"
1698        data-id="f0320289-4349-4621-86d0-6cd97507e3bf"
1699      >
1700          
1701  
1702
1703  <div
1704    class="container-wrapper  fullwidth "
1705    style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1); background-image: url('/files/images/633eaa19-1047-4e62-ab6d-ffc2e2c93d5a.jpg'); background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 50% 50%; background-attachment: scroll; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0px;"
1706    data-id="41e3a733-bc81-4165-bb57-b67b603105c8"
1707    data-resource-id=""
1708    data-container-group-id="f0320289-4349-4621-86d0-6cd97507e3bf"
1709    data-position="1"
1710    
1711    
1712    
1713
1714    
1715    
1716    
1717    data-namespace="container">
1718
1719    
1720
1721    <div class="container-site-width">
1722      <div class="container" style="padding: 0px 15px;">
1723        
1724  <div class="row" data-id="63eb9948-461a-49a6-8e1f-a8e4a641de31" data-namespace="row" data-position="1" data-column-spacing="0">
1725    
1726      
1727  
1728
1729  <div
1730    style=""
1731    id="column-15de7ec5-91d6-4d7d-ab04-9c1675f229be"
1732    class="column col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 "
1733    data-id="15de7ec5-91d6-4d7d-ab04-9c1675f229be"
1734    data-mobile-align=""
1735    data-width="12"
1736    
1737    data-namespace="column">
1738    
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1744      class="component spacer_component unauthenticated"
1745      style=""
1746      data-namespace="component"
1747      data-id="0275d211-f06f-4ba8-ab5a-5b6087b761d4"
1748      data-component-style-excludes=""
1749      data-component-style-includes="{}"
1750      
1751      data-hide-on-tablet="true"
1752      data-hide-on-mobile="true"
1753      
1754      
1755      data-pin-disabled="1"
1756      >
1757
1758      
1759
1760      <div class="component_content_wrapper"
1761        
1762        style=""
1763        data-custom-align=""
1764        >
1765        <div class="component_content">
1766          
1767
1768<div class="asterion_spacer" style="height:18px;"></div>
1769
1770        </div>
1771
1772        
1773      </div>
1774    </div>
1775  
1776
1777
1778    
1779  </div>
1780
1781
1782    
1783  </div>
1784
1785
1786  <div class="row" data-id="79eb1bbe-1fc8-445b-b133-3247c835d801" data-namespace="row" data-position="2" data-column-spacing="0">
1787    
1788      
1789  
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2146      <a href="/entries/general/Hume-s-many-problems-with-causation"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/files/resized/348b8e6b-a194-49fa-8b6c-c89ae4744043/cropped/0;0;519;360;519;360;9bc1f8062a386875f66433722854f1e492a33b7a.jpg?blog=true" src="/images/trans.png" alt="" style=""></a>
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2161     
2162<a href="/entries/general/Hume-s-many-problems-with-causation"  class="blog_title_link"><h3 class="title blog_heading blog_heading_3" itemprop="headline">Hume’s many problems with causation</h3></a>
2163
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2171            Hume’s many problems with causation
2172David Hume denied the reality and knowability of causation due to numerous conceptual confusions and much fallacious thinking; and unfortunately, many philosophe...
2173          
2174        
2175
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2178              <p class="post_read_more">
2179                <a href="/entries/general/Hume-s-many-problems-with-causation">Read more</a>
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2217<div id="post-d1ac8685-cde3-4570-956c-8a2bc51fef9e" class="blog_post blog_post_d1ac8685-cde3-4570-956c-8a2bc51fef9e blog_post_image_left  " itemprop="blogPost" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting">
2218  
2219
2220  
2221
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2223    
2224      <a href="/entries/general/Origins-and-evolution-of-the-idea-of-causality"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/files/resized/fb25b805-9d68-4f6c-9748-50b5a573a7bb/cropped/0;0;545;368;545;368;de31dc9bcbcee16399857a1c9f7f8025b2c5f29b.jpg?blog=true" src="/images/trans.png" alt="" style=""></a>
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2233  
2234    <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-03-24T17:18:00+0100">March 24, 2025</time>
2235  
2236</div>
2237    
2238
2239     
2240<a href="/entries/general/Origins-and-evolution-of-the-idea-of-causality"  class="blog_title_link"><h3 class="title blog_heading blog_heading_3" itemprop="headline">Origins and evolution of the idea of causality</h3></a>
2241
2242
2243     
2244  
2245    <div class="content" itemprop="articleBody">
2246      
2247        
2248          
2249            Origins and evolution of the idea of causality
2250I believe the origins and evolution of the idea of causality to be as follows. This may be viewed as a hypothesis to be confirmed (in whole or in part...
2251          
2252        
2253
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2257                <a href="/entries/general/Origins-and-evolution-of-the-idea-of-causality">Read more</a>
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2301    
2302      <a href="/entries/general/Volition-and-influence"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/files/resized/0a506989-8ce5-4f86-9bd0-fbd5b930c47f/cropped/0;0;552;384;552;384;
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2312    <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-03-24T17:16:00+0100">March 24, 2025</time>
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2318<a href="/entries/general/Volition-and-influence"  class="blog_title_link"><h3 class="title blog_heading blog_heading_3" itemprop="headline">Volition and influence</h3></a>
2319
2320
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2324      
2325        
2326          
2327            Volition and influence
2328Volition, or freewill, is causality by an unmoved mover[1], meaning a self-moving entity, something moving literally by itself, without being immediately forced or indirectly...
2329          
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2335                <a href="/entries/general/Volition-and-influence">Read more</a>
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2373<div id="post-45a0d665-23e1-458c-8a5f-d2d63d83b56a" class="blog_post blog_post_45a0d665-23e1-458c-8a5f-d2d63d83b56a blog_post_image_left  " itemprop="blogPost" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting">
2374  
2375
2376  
2377
2378  <figure class="blog_post_featured_image">
2379    
2380      <a href="/entries/general/The-logical-possibility-of-natural-spontaneity"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/files/resized/ea5b9ad9-66a9-4f42-b2d3-35671c598f11/cropped/0;0;552;384;552;384;
2380e833df6b669fcf0af581ecfc73296e3d82459232.jpg?blog=true" src="/images/trans.png" alt="" style=""></a>
2381    
2382  </figure>
2383
2384
2385
2386  <div class="post_wrapper">
2387    
2388      <div class="date" title="1742832900000">
2389  
2390    <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-03-24T17:15:00+0100">March 24, 2025</time>
2391  
2392</div>
2393    
2394
2395     
2396<a href="/entries/general/The-logical-possibility-of-natural-spontaneity"  class="blog_title_link"><h3 class="title blog_heading blog_heading_3" itemprop="headline">The logical possibility of natural spontaneity</h3></a>
2397
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2399     
2400  
2401    <div class="content" itemprop="articleBody">
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2403        
2404          
2405            The logical possibility of natural spontaneity
2406As it turns out, natural spontaneity is advocated by modern physicists in the field of quantum mechanics. So, the theoretical allowance for it by aeti...
2407          
2408        
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2410        
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2412              <p class="post_read_more">
2413                <a href="/entries/general/The-logical-possibility-of-natural-spontaneity">Read more</a>
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2446  </div> <!-- .post_wrapper -->
2447</div>
2448
2449
2450
2451<div id="post-b595ac02-931e-446c-af2b-2245b44bcd74" class="blog_post blog_post_b595ac02-931e-446c-af2b-2245b44bcd74 blog_post_image_left  " itemprop="blogPost" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting">
2452  
2453
2454  
2455
2456  <figure class="blog_post_featured_image">
2457    
2458      <a href="/entries/general/The-four-determinations-of-causation"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/files/resized/115c6ab2-6b94-4695-90b0-1e3c7477aa11/cropped/0;0;544;370;544;370;664e4f7c09c2be22a8118e621e48da2dc8494f26.jpg?blog=true" src="/images/trans.png" alt="" style=""></a>
2459    
2460  </figure>
2461
2462
2463
2464  <div class="post_wrapper">
2465    
2466      <div class="date" title="1742832780000">
2467  
2468    <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-03-24T17:13:00+0100">March 24, 2025</time>
2469  
2470</div>
2471    
2472
2473     
2474<a href="/entries/general/The-four-determinations-of-causation"  class="blog_title_link"><h3 class="title blog_heading blog_heading_3" itemprop="headline">The four determinations of causation</h3></a>
2475
2476
2477     
2478  
2479    <div class="content" itemprop="articleBody">
2480      
2481        
2482          
2483            The four determinations of causation
2484Causation, which is deterministic causality, involves four generic determinations, two strong and two weak[1]:
2485Complete causation (symbol m): If C, then E; if n...
2486          
2487        
2488
2489        
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2491              <p class="post_read_more">
2492                <a href="/entries/general/The-four-determinations-of-causation">Read more</a>
2493              </p>
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2499
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2525  </div> <!-- .post_wrapper -->
2526</div>
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2529
2530<div id="post-689c0c83-707d-4723-86af-28de7b26b5d3" class="blog_post blog_post_689c0c83-707d-4723-86af-28de7b26b5d3 blog_post_image_left  " itemprop="blogPost" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting">
2531  
2532
2533  
2534
2535  <figure class="blog_post_featured_image">
2536    
2537      <a href="/entries/general/The-four-main-concepts-of-causality"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/files/resized/710b0b15-5570-47a5-9668-9128c4a3ebfa/cropped/0;0;552;384;552;384;d3cc72ac13e2801fb9d6a4b545c21ab7b105e597.jpg?blog=true" src="/images/trans.png" alt="" style=""></a>
2538    
2539  </figure>
2540
2541
2542
2543  <div class="post_wrapper">
2544    
2545      <div class="date" title="1742832540000">
2546  
2547    <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-03-24T17:09:00+0100">March 24, 2025</time>
2548  
2549</div>
2550    
2551
2552     
2553<a href="/entries/general/The-four-main-concepts-of-causality"  class="blog_title_link"><h3 class="title blog_heading blog_heading_3" itemprop="headline">The four main concepts of causality</h3></a>
2554
2555
2556     
2557  
2558    <div class="content" itemprop="articleBody">
2559      
2560        
2561          
2562            The four main concepts of causality
2563We all frequently engage in causal thinking, looking for or claiming to have found the causes or effects of something, whether for personal purposes or sundry sc...
2564          
2565        
2566
2567        
2568          
2569              <p class="post_read_more">
2570                <a href="/entries/general/The-four-main-concepts-of-causality">Read more</a>
2571              </p>
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2573        
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2575    </div>
2576  
2577
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2579
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2581    
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2585    <a href="http://thelogician.net/entries/general/The-four-main-concepts-of-causality.atom" class="social_network_link" style="margin: 0 0 5px 5px" target="social_network_link"><span style="display:inline-block; border-radius: 30px; color: ;  background-color: ; font-size: 16px" class="social_button default_rss"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fafs faf-rss fa-fw"></i></span></a>
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2608<div id="post-a4272cb4-3f5a-4b4a-b6cb-b165805fb189" class="blog_post blog_post_a4272cb4-3f5a-4b4a-b6cb-b165805fb189 blog_post_image_left  " itemprop="blogPost" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting">
2609  
2610
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2613  <figure class="blog_post_featured_image">
2614    
2615      <a href="/entries/general/Selfhood-is-the-basis-of-morality-and-society"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/files/resized/0b397179-dd9e-47b8-bef9-baefa5d798e4/cropped/0;0;490;370;490;370;b5383878e84275f86330816eee322b0359a1cd3e.jpg?blog=true" src="/images/trans.png" alt="" style=""></a>
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2617  </figure>
2618
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2620
2621  <div class="post_wrapper">
2622    
2623      <div class="date" title="1736865480000">
2624  
2625    <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-01-14T15:38:00+0100">January 14, 2025</time>
2626  
2627</div>
2628    
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2630     
2631<a href="/entries/general/Selfhood-is-the-basis-of-morality-and-society"  class="blog_title_link"><h3 class="title blog_heading blog_heading_3" itemprop="headline">
2631Selfhood is the basis of morality and society</h3></a>
2632
2633
2634     
2635  
2636    <div class="content" itemprop="articleBody">
2637      
2638        
2639          
2640            Selfhood is the basis of morality and society.
2641In my book Meditations (2006), I argued that the self must be assumed to be a unity persisting during the whole life of an organism. Those reflections...
2642          
2643        
2644
2645        
2646          
2647              <p class="post_read_more">
2648                <a href="/entries/general/Selfhood-is-the-basis-of-morality-and-society">Read more</a>
2649              </p>
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2682</div>
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2686<div id="post-89217a73-9885-47cd-a3e1-5a8d3aea511c" class="blog_post blog_post_89217a73-9885-47cd-a3e1-5a8d3aea511c blog_post_image_left  " itemprop="blogPost" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting">
2687  
2688
2689  
2690
2691  <figure class="blog_post_featured_image">
2692    
2693      <a href="/entries/general/Three-principles-for-biologists-to-ponder-"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/files/resized/f8431299-fc35-479c-aa59-bcf813edf2a8/cropped/0;0;564;359;564;359;6b985ae4121d44ff908b1bed21d2226c51ec4082.jpg?blog=true" src="/images/trans.png" alt="" style=""></a>
2694    
2695  </figure>
2696
2697
2698
2699  <div class="post_wrapper">
2700    
2701      <div class="date" title="1736865300000">
2702  
2703    <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-01-14T15:35:00+0100">January 14, 2025</time>
2704  
2705</div>
2706    
2707
2708     
2709<a href="/entries/general/Three-principles-for-biologists-to-ponder-"  class="blog_title_link"><h3 class="title blog_heading blog_heading_3" itemprop="headline">Three principles for biologists to ponder.</h3></a>
2710
2711
2712     
2713  
2714    <div class="content" itemprop="articleBody">
2715      
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2717          
2718            Three principles for biologists to ponder.
2719Allow me, as a result of the above reflections, to formulate a number of basic principles for the advancement of the science of biology, to help it evolve...
2720          
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2764<div id="post-396b43ab-069a-4db4-b96d-cea3773a749b" class="blog_post blog_post_396b43ab-069a-4db4-b96d-cea3773a749b blog_post_image_left  " itemprop="blogPost" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting">
2765  
2766
2767  
2768
2769  <figure class="blog_post_featured_image">
2770    
2771      <a href="/entries/general/A-biological-science-that-acknowledges-soul"><img class="lazyload" data-src="/files/resized/14f3806e-b46c-49d7-bb70-a299062430bf/cropped/0;0;545;371;545;371;6147ad8a670615aa31e7ed0015dbbf19fc195009.jpg?blog=true" src="/images/trans.png" alt="" style=""></a>
2772    
2773  </figure>
2774
2775
2776
2777  <div class="post_wrapper">
2778    
2779      <div class="date" title="1736865240000">
2780  
2781    <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-01-14T15:34:00+0100">January 14, 2025</time>
2782  
2783</div>
2784    
2785
2786     
2787<a href="/entries/general/A-biological-science-that-acknowledges-soul"  class="blog_title_link"><h3 class="title blog_heading blog_heading_3" itemprop="headline">A biological science that acknowledges soul</h3></a>
2788
2789
2790     
2791  
2792    <div class="content" itemprop="articleBody">
2793      
2794        
2795          
2796            A biological science that acknowledges soul. 
2797Let us now consider how the idea of ‘soul’ might be fitted in the narrative proposed by modern evolutionary biology. This science teaches us that senso...
2798          
2799        
2800
2801        
2802          
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2804                <a href="/entries/general/A-biological-science-that-acknowledges-soul">Read more</a>
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2843  
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2848    
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2859    <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-01-14T15:31:00+0100">January 14, 2025</time>
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2862    
2863
2864     
2865<a href="/entries/general/A-soul-is-needed-for-cognition"  class="blog_title_link"><h3 class="title blog_heading blog_heading_3" itemprop="headline">
2865A soul is needed for cognition</h3></a>
2866
2867
2868     
2869  
2870    <div class="content" itemprop="articleBody">
2871      
2872        
2873          
2874            A soul is needed for cognition. 
2875I would like now to draw attention to another contradiction in today’s widespread belief system.
2876Firstly, most of today’s biologists, if pressed, would deny that hu...
2877          
2878        
2879
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2883                <a href="/entries/general/A-soul-is-needed-for-cognition">Read more</a>
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3062            <strong>Stephen Sydney Fine</strong>
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3065
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3067          <a href="/entries/general/Origins-and-evolution-of-the-idea-of-causality">Origins and evolution of the idea of causality</a>
3068        </div>
3069
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3071          <span class="recent_comment_date">
3072            May 11, 2025
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3078        <div>
3079          
3080            <strong>Stephen Sydney Fine</strong>
3081          
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3083
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3085          <a href="/entries/general/Origins-and-evolution-of-the-idea-of-causality">Origins and evolution of the idea of causality</a>
3086        </div>
3087
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3089          <span class="recent_comment_date">
3090            April  6, 2025
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3348  <h3 class="an-title">
3349<span class="an-title-icon"></span><span class="an-title-text"><span style="color:#000000;">Search within TheLogician.net</span></span>
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3393<script async="async" src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=248c374bb5348449f">
3394</script>
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3395<div class="gcse-search"></div>
3396
3397
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3441
3442  <span style="font-size:18px"><strong>The best way to search for a topic is to first choose a book or a blog post, and then there use the browser's or pdf reader's search (or find) feature to look up the term or phrase.</strong></span>
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3538   <span style="font-size:20px"><span style="background-color:#000000"><span style="color:#ffffff"></span></span></span>
3539
3540<h3>
3541<span style="font-size:24px"><a class="nav-link false" href="/"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#ffffff">www.TheLogician.net</span><span style="font-family:permanent marker"></span><span style="font-family:permanent marker"></span></span><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-family:permanent marker"></span></span></a></span><span style="color:#ffffff"><span style="font-family:permanent marker"><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="background-color:#000000"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:permanent marker"><span style="font-size:20px"><span style="background-color:#000000"><span style="color:#ffffff"></span></span></span></span>
3542</h3>
3543 
3544
3545<div style="text-align: center;">
3546<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000">Website designed, owned, and operated by Avi Sion.<br>
3547Founded May 11, 2001; last updated Aug. 5, 2026.</span><br>
3548<span style="color:#ff9800"><em>The Logician is now 25 years old!</em></span><span style="color:#000000"><br>
3549Based in Geneva, Switzerland</span></span><br>
3550<br>
3551<img alt="" class="ls-is-cached lazyload" data-src="/files/resized/faaf8818-8b60-4860-a06e-d5a2ce643043/1170;194;5619b2908d893f43038a6f072074ef3afdd63e0d.jpg" src="/files/resized/faaf8818-8b60-4860-a06e-d5a2ce643043/1170;194;5619b2908d893f43038a6f072074ef3afdd63e0d.jpg" style="border-radius:0px; border:0 solid #000000">
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3614  <div>
3615<span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="font-family:permanent marker"><span style="background-color:#000000"></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff">E-mail</span><span style="background-color:#000000"></span></span></span></span><br>
3616<a class="nav-link navigation_email_link false" href="mailto:[email protected]"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="font-family:permanent marker"><span style="background-color:#000000"></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff">[email protected]</span><span style="background-color:#000000"></span></span></span><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="font-family:permanent marker"><span style="background-color:#000000"></span></span></span></span></a>
3617</div>
3618
3619<div> </div>
3620
3621<h3><span style="font-size:24px"><em><span style="color:#000000">Feel welcome to write if you have any thought you'd like to share or question to ask. </span></em></span></h3>
3622
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3658      Created using the new Bravenet <a href="http://bravesites.com">Siteblocks</a> builder.
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