1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<html lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="utf-8"> 5 6 <title> 7 8 Gala 9 </title> 10 11 <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/assets/favicon_gala-8550c5212c08367925822461482450cda04adc2942881da5aca3a40012891579.png" /> 12 <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> 13<meta name="csrf-token" content="GNlhTaJX7BB8K8kl0O-HHdG6bBj-DH-19oTMzj00zOEedZwwz7d5q6sYrkcrbE4twfO3S4wvRBUNvavOMDbOLg" /> 14 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0"/> 15 <meta name="gala-release" content="v1.15.0"/> 16 <link rel="release" href="https://github.com/galahq/gala/releases/latest"/> 17 <meta name="mapbox-access-token" content="pk.eyJ1IjoiY2JvdGhuZXIiLCJhIjoiY21peHdhMHAzMDliYjNkcHk5amJxc3ZqYSJ9.iIr-M7aPzwcB8kqdZyURwQ"/> 18 19
19<script> 20//<![CDATA[ 21 22 window.reader = undefined; 23 24//]]> 25</script>
25 26
26<script> 27//<![CDATA[ 28 29 window.i18n = { locale: 'en' } 30 window.MAPBOX_ACCESS_TOKEN = 'pk.eyJ1IjoiY2JvdGhuZXIiLCJhIjoiY21peHdhMHAzMDliYjNkcHk5amJxc3ZqYSJ9.iIr-M7aPzwcB8kqdZyURwQ' 31 window.MAPBOX_STYLE = 'mapbox://styles/cbothner/cj5l9s2dg2aps2sqfrnidiq14' 32 33//]]> 34</script>
34 35
35<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=default,fetch,Intl,Intl.~locale.en&flags=gated"></script>
35 36
36<script src="https://browser.sentry-cdn.com/4.2.2/bundle.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
36 37
37<script src="/packs/js/runtime-ec61243a737b3ce21348.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 37
37
38<script src="/packs/js/vendor-eb4fb106baa039acfd1c.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 38
38
39<script src="/packs/js/styles-2be15bdd8228e8c7462e.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 39
39
40<script src="/packs/js/50687-e174a0a702c31ff31376.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 40
40
41<script src="/packs/js/62881-0df422c8b40faca4da09.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 41
41
42<script src="/packs/js/controllers-0ca762070894a412d786.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 42
42
43<script src="/packs/js/onboarding-f667ce0c2b4037d3a3c4.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 43
43
44<script src="/packs/js/7742-b0f5da7134c2772664a1.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 44
44
45<script src="/packs/js/87338-395a0ffe2f1f84d6569e.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 45
45
46<script src="/packs/js/52760-9327f433bd8e94d36e92.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 46
46
47<script src="/packs/js/79080-bfa0536b3156a1a4d4d2.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 47
47
48<script src="/packs/js/52035-3c95d353384f2d404915.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 48
48
49<script src="/packs/js/case-5dc497f1cb33be9e9c7d.js" defer="defer"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 49
49
50<script src="/packs/js/main-menu-b5fa5d86cef29d8a4332.js" defer="defer"></script>
50 51 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/application-2b71f19025feeb378c3c38936219f3ec34dd56f1329f8d73ca38686675cafc10.css" media="all" /> 52 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/packs/css/styles-85307ac6.css" /> 53
53<script src="https://use.typekit.net/adn1xoi.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 53
53
54<script>try{Typekit.load({ async: true });}catch(e){}</script>
54 55 56<style> 57 @font-face { 58 font-family: 'vdl-v7gothic'; 59 src: url(''); 60 unicode-range: U+0; 61 } 62</style> 63 64<style> 65 @font-face { 66 font-family: 'source-han-sans-simplified-c'; 67 src: url(''); 68 unicode-range: U+0; 69 } 70</style> 71 72<style> 73 @font-face { 74 font-family: 'greek-and-cyrillic-fallback'; 75 src: local(-apple-system), local(arial); 76 unicode-range: U+0370-052F; 77 } 78</style> 79 80 81
81<script src="/assets/application-9fc2ddbde5da12bf690ce1044e995df5ae0ec647a16cef57a28170e9e87e7bca.js"></script>
81 82 83 <meta property="og:site_name" content="Gala" /> 84 85 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> 86 <meta property="og:title" content="The Rouge River: Redlining, Riverbanks, and Restoration in Metro Detroit: What actions would be necessary to ensure a just distribution of the Rouge Riverâs ecosystem services? " /> 87 <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> 88 <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.learngala.com/cases/rouge-river-mi" /> 89 <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.learngala.com/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbmdPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--510bd726298099fb2997638e5932e1831b09c0d1/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLd0JHa0NzQVE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--6aba2fd3131b1beafef09c0c9ddef06447a3255d/26881146091_fe56598dd0_k.jpg" /> 90 <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> 91 <meta property="og:image:height" content="675" /> 92 <meta property="og:description" content="Once so toxic and polluted it caught fire, the Rouge River is a symbol of the struggle to achieve equitable restoration that enhances environmental justice in Michiganâs most socially diverse region." /> 93 <meta property="article:author" content="{"name" => "Theresa Benton", "institution" => "University of Michigan"}" /> 94 <meta property="article:author" content="{"name" => "Esther Ladkau", "institution" => "University of Michigan"}" /> 95 96 97 98 </head> 99 100 <body> 101 <header class="header"> 102 <div class="header__container"> 103 <a id="gala-logo" href="/"> 104 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 76 41"><style>.st0{fill:#ebeae4}.st1{fill:#8764ea}</style><path class="st0" d="M23.3 15.1L18.7 14v.4c1.4 1.1 2 2.5 2 3.9 0 3.7-3.6 6.2-7.4 6.2-.9 0-1.9-.2-2.7-.4-.8.2-1.4 1-1.4 1.6 0 1 1.3 1.4 3.2 2.1l1.8.5c3.6 1.1 6 2.4 6 5.3s-3.6 5.9-10.5 5.9c-4.6 0-7.8-1.7-7.8-4.6 0-2.4 2.8-3.9 5.4-4.6V30c-.9-.5-1.7-1.4-1.7-2.6 0-1.8 1.4-3 3.5-3.7v-.3c-1.7-1-2.8-2.9-2.8-4.9 0-4.4 3.8-7.5 8.3-7.5 1.7 0 3.7.5 4.6.8l4.9-.1-.8 3.4zm-6.4.2c0-1.1-1.6-2.3-2.9-2.3-.6 0-1 .2-1.2.4-1.3 1.3-2.1 4.4-2.1 6.4 0 1.1.5 2.1.9 2.5.3.3.7.5 1.2.5.9 0 1.6-.4 2.1-1 1.4-1.4 2-4.6 2-6.5zM16.7 35c0-1.2-1.3-2-4.3-3-1.4-.4-2.7-.9-3.9-1.4-1.7.8-2.8 2-2.8 3.5 0 2 2.4 3.4 6.1 3.4 2.8 0 4.9-1.1 4.9-2.5z"></path><path class="st0" d="M37.2 13.9h.3l1.1-3h4L40.3 18l-2.1 8.7 1.1.4 2.9-2 .7.8c-1.2 2-3.4 3.9-5.5 3.9-1 0-3.5-.9-3.5-1.6 0-.8 1.4-4.4 2.2-6.8h-.4c-3 5-4.8 8.4-7.5 8.4-2.5 0-4.4-1.8-4.4-5.3 0-3.9 2.1-8.3 4.7-10.9 1.6-1.6 3.6-2.7 5.4-2.7 1.9 0 2.9 1.4 3.3 3zm-.5 2.5c-.9-1.5-2.9-3-4.3-3-.5 0-.9.2-1.3.6-1.6 1.6-3.1 6.2-3.1 9.3 0 2 .8 3.1 2 3.1 1.5 0 2.8-2.3 5.7-6.9l1-3.1z"></path><path class="st0" d="M37.2 13.9h.3l1.1-3h4L40.3 18l-2.1 8.7 1.1.4 2.9-2 .7.8c-1.2 2-3.4 3.9-5.5 3.9-1 0-3.5-.9-3.5-1.6 0-.8 1.4-4.4 2.2-6.8h-.4c-3 5-4.8 8.4-7.5 8.4-2.5 0-4.4-1.8-4.4-5.3 0-3.9 2.1-8.3 4.7-10.9 1.6-1.6 3.6-2.7 5.4-2.7 1.9 0 2.9 1.4 3.3 3zm-.5 2.5c-.9-1.5-2.9-3-4.3-3-.5 0-.9.2-1.3.6-1.6 1.6-3.1 6.2-3.1 9.3 0 2 .8 3.1 2 3.1 1.5 0 2.8-2.3 5.7-6.9l1-3.1z"></path><path class="st0" d="M53.4 25.9l-.7-.8-2.8 2-1.1-.4L54.1 2l-7.8 2-.2 1.1 2.2 1.1c.5.2.6.7.5 1.3l-4.3 20.7c-.1.5 2.5 1.6 3.4 1.6 2 0 4.3-1.9 5.5-3.9z"></path><path class="st0" d="M53.4 25.9l-.7-.8-2.8 2-1.1-.4L54.1 2l-7.8 2-.2 1.1 2.2 1.1c.5.2.6.7.5 1.3l-4.3 20.7c-.1.5 2.5 1.6 3.4 1.6 2 0 4.3-1.9 5.5-3.9z"></path><path class="st0" d="M68.5 13.9h.3l1.1-3h4L71.5 18l-2.1 8.7 1.1.4 2.9-2 .7.8c-1.2 2-3.4 3.9-5.5 3.9-1 0-3.5-.9-3.5-1.6 0-.8 1.4-4.4 2.2-6.8h-.4c-3 5-4.8 8.4-7.5 8.4-2.5 0-4.4-1.8-4.4-5.3 0-3.9 2.1-8.3 4.7-10.9 1.6-1.6 3.6-2.7 5.4-2.7 2 0 2.9 1.4 3.4 3zm-.6 2.5c-.9-1.5-2.9-3-4.3-3-.5 0-.9.2-1.3.6-1.6 1.6-3.1 6.2-3.1 9.3 0 2 .8 3.1 2 3.1 1.5 0 2.8-2.3 5.7-6.9l1-3.1z"></path><path class="st0" d="M68.5 13.9h.3l1.1-3h4L71.5 18l-2.1 8.7 1.1.4 2.9-2 .7.8c-1.2 2-3.4 3.9-5.5 3.9-1 0-3.5-.9-3.5-1.6 0-.8 1.4-4.4 2.2-6.8h-.4c-3 5-4.8 8.4-7.5 8.4-2.5 0-4.4-1.8-4.4-5.3 0-3.9 2.1-8.3 4.7-10.9 1.6-1.6 3.6-2.7 5.4-2.7 2 0 2.9 1.4 3.4 3zm-.6 2.5c-.9-1.5-2.9-3-4.3-3-.5 0-.9.2-1.3.6-1.6 1.6-3.1 6.2-3.1 9.3 0 2 .8 3.1 2 3.1 1.5 0 2.8-2.3 5.7-6.9l1-3.1z"></path><path class="st1" d="M73 33H21.5v.5c0 .8-.2 1.7-.7 2.5H73v-3zM15.5 35c0-.3-.6-.9-3.4-1.8-.2-.1-.4-.1-.6-.2H7.4c-.3.3-.4.7-.4 1.1 0 .8 1 1.6 2.6 1.9h4.2c1.1-.3 1.7-.8 1.7-1z"></path></svg> 105 106</a> <div id="main-menu-app" class="bp6-dark"></div> 107</div> 108</header> 109 110<div id='unsupported-browser' style='display: none'> 111<div class='bp6-callout bp6-intent-danger bp6-icon-error'> 112<h1 class='bp6-heading'>Unsupported Browser</h1> 113<p>Unfortunately, Gala does not support Internet Explorer and may not work as 114intended. Please try <a href="https://www.mozilla.org/firefox/">Mozilla Firefox</a> 115or <a href="https://www.google.com/chrome/">Google Chrome</a>.</p> 116</div> 117</div>
118<script> 119 try { 120 if (navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE|Trident/)) { 121 var warning = document.getElementById('unsupported-browser') 122 warning.style.display = "block" 123 } 124 } 125 catch(e) { /* Ignore errors */ } 126</script>
126 127 128 129 130<div lang="en" id="container"> 131 <noscript> 132<div class='bp6-running-text bp6-dark'> 133<h1> 134The Rouge River: Redlining, Riverbanks, and Restoration in Metro Detroit: 135What actions would be necessary to ensure a just distribution of the Rouge Riverâs ecosystem services? 136</h1> 137<h2>Once so toxic and polluted it caught fire, the Rouge River is a symbol of the struggle to achieve equitable restoration that enhances environmental justice in Michiganâs most socially diverse region.</h2> 138<p> 139<em> and </em> 140</p> 141<p>For over one hundred years, the Rouge River has been a vital component of southeastern Michigan's industrial machine. It has transported goods to and from faraway places, provided hydropower, and received enormous amounts of industrial and municipal waste. Affected to this day by the wounds of that abuse, the Rouge struggles to heal as it faces a larger adversary: development and sewage from its densely populated, concrete-encased watershed. A history of segregation and environmental injustice within the watershed complicates the restoration of the Rouge River as those communities situated on the most degraded parts of the river are also those with the fewest resources to do anything about it. This situation leaves the Rouge and its citizens with some complicated questions regarding its shifting identity: is it a sewer, a lost cause, or an untapped recreational resource? Who decides? And who pays for these changes? </p> 142<div class='bp6-callout bp6-intent-danger bp6-icon-error'> 143Javascript is required to use Gala. 144</div> 145</div> 146</noscript> 147 148</div> 149 150 151
152<script> 153//<![CDATA[ 154 155 window.caseData = {"links":{"self":"/cases/rouge-river-mi","archive":"/cases/rouge-river-mi/archive","newEditorship":"/cases/rouge-river-mi/editorships/new","newTranslation":"/cases/rouge-river-mi/translations/new","settings":"/cases/rouge-river-mi/settings/edit","taggings":"/cases/rouge-river-mi/taggings","wikidataLinks":"/cases/rouge-river-mi/wikidata_links","teach":"/deployments/new?case_slug=rouge-river-mi","teachingGuide":"/cases/rouge-river-mi/attachments/teaching_guide","newCopy":"/cases/rouge-river-mi/copy"},"type":"Case","table":"cases","param":"rouge-river-mi","authors":[{"name":"Theresa Benton","institution":"University of Michigan"},{"name":"Esther Ladkau","institution":"University of Michigan"}],"coverUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbmdPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--510bd726298099fb2997638e5932e1831b09c0d1/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFJQUJXa0NIQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--09724f466a696b8f9f456a4327fb5de45b678381/26881146091_fe56598dd0_k.jpg","dek":"Once so toxic and polluted it caught fire, the Rouge River is a symbol of the struggle to achieve equitable restoration that enhances environmental justice in Michiganâs most socially diverse region.","featuredAt":"2022-11-11T16:43:14.467Z","kicker":"The Rouge River: Redlining, Riverbanks, and Restoration in Metro Detroit","latitude":42.429538632268816,"longitude":-83.16375732423002,"photoCredit":"don Harrison, flickr ","publishedAt":"2021-03-10T18:59:10.746Z","slug":"rouge-river-mi","smallCoverUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbmdPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--510bd726298099fb2997638e5932e1831b09c0d1/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDVG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFISWFRSElPZ3B6WVhabGNuc0pPaFJ6WVcxd2JHbHVaeTFtWVdOMGIzSkpJZ28wT2pJNk1BWTdCbFE2REhGMVlXeHBkSGxwV2pvUFkyOXNiM0p6Y0dGalpVa2lDWE5TUjBJR093WlVPZzVwYm5SbGNteGhZMlZKSWdsc2FXNWxCanNHVkRvTWMyaGhjbkJsYm5zR09ncHphV2R0WVdZR01RPT0iLCJleHAiOm51bGwsInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--5501c794d01cc83c53307e4999a66176b684a693/26881146091_fe56598dd0_k.jpg","title":"What actions would be necessary to ensure a just distribution of the Rouge Riverâs ecosystem services? ","acknowledgements":"","audience":"","commentable":true,"licenseConfig":{"id":"all_rights_reserved","name":"All Rights Reserved","active":false,"url":"https://creativecommons.org/faq/#what-is-copyright-and-why-does-it-matter"},"learningObjectives":["Draw a throughline between historical racial exclusion and segregated geographies that began in the 1700s to present-day inequalities in environmental health and distribution of ecosystem services in Rouge communities","Use the concepts of ânatural infrastructureâ and âecosystem servicesâ to evaluate who has benefited and who has suffered from changes to the Rouge River Watershed","Integrate spatial analysis, historical evidence, and environmental science to argue for a regime of environmental reparation that would provide a just distribution of Rougeâs beneficial uses","Evaluate the feasibility and meaning of âcleaningâ the river"],"summary":"For over one hundred years, the Rouge River has been a vital component of southeastern Michigan's industrial machine. It has transported goods to and from faraway places, provided hydropower, and received enormous amounts of industrial and municipal waste. Affected to this day by the wounds of that abuse, the Rouge struggles to heal as it faces a larger adversary: development and sewage from its densely populated, concrete-encased watershed. A history of segregation and environmental injustice within the watershed complicates the restoration of the Rouge River as those communities situated on the most degraded parts of the river are also those with the fewest resources to do anything about it. This situation leaves the Rouge and its citizens with some complicated questions regarding its shifting identity: is it a sewer, a lost cause, or an untapped recreational resource? Who decides? And who pays for these changes? ","teachingGuideUrl":null,"translators":[],"zoom":9.0,"otherAvailableLocales":{}
155,"signInForm":"\u003ch2\u003eSign in\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cform class=\"new_reader\" id=\"new_reader\" action=\"/readers/sign_in\" accept-charset=\"UTF-8\" method=\"post\"\u003e\u003cinput type=\"hidden\" name=\"authenticity_token\" value=\"QusHn-pQQ8essaURKj6CzzGiOWmB11OXyR1HkTs1IcKm59Ryt3NegUs7xwreS0ymnrFRwUdjsyWKJUr2Sf8JJw\" autocomplete=\"off\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"bp6-form-group\"\u003e\u003clabel class=\"bp6-label\" for=\"reader_email\"\u003eEmail\u003c/label\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"bp6-form-content\"\u003e\u003cinput class=\"bp6-input bp6-fill\" spellcheck=\"false\" type=\"email\" value=\"\" name=\"reader[email]\" id=\"reader_email\" /\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"bp6-form-group\"\u003e\u003clabel class=\"bp6-label\" for=\"reader_password\"\u003ePassword\u003c/label\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"bp6-form-content\"\u003e\u003cinput class=\"bp6-input bp6-fill\" autocomplete=\"current-password\" type=\"password\" name=\"reader[password]\" id=\"reader_password\" /\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class='bp6-form-group bp6-form-group'\u003e\n\u003clabel class=\"bp6-control bp6-checkbox\"\u003e\u003cinput name=\"reader[remember_me]\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"0\" autocomplete=\"off\" /\u003e\u003cinput class=\"bp6-control-input\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1\" name=\"reader[remember_me]\" id=\"reader_remember_me\" /\u003e\u003cspan class=\"bp6-control-indicator\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003eRemember me\u003c/label\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cinput type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" value=\"Sign in\" class=\"bp6-button bp6-intent-primary\" data-disable-with=\"Sign in\" /\u003e\n\u003ca class='bp6-button bp6-button bp6-icon-log-in oauth-icon-google' href='/authentication_strategies/auth/google' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\nSign in with Google\n\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/form\u003e\u003cul class='devise-links'\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"/readers/sign_up\"\u003eSign up for a free account\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n","tags":[{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"31","name":"equity","displayName":"equity","category":false},{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"62","name":"cost-benefit analysis","displayName":"cost-benefit analysis","category":false},{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"16","name":"industry","displayName":"industry","category":false},{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"329","name":"fish","displayName":"fish","category":false},{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"252","name":"land-use","displayName":"land-use","category":false},{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"14","name":"pollution","displayName":"pollution","category":false},{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"300","name":"environmental justice","displayName":"environmental justice","category":false},{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"401","name":"restoration","displayName":"restoration","category":false},{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"8","name":"water","displayName":"water","category":true},{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"37","name":"waste management","displayName":"waste management","category":false},{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"341","name":"sustainability and development","displayName":"sustainability and development","category":false},{"type":"Tag","table":"tags","param":"10","name":"infrastructure","displayName":"infrastructure","category":false}],"library":{"links":{"self":"/catalog/libraries/detroit-river-storylab","edit":"/libraries/detroit-river-storylab/edit"},"type":"Library","table":"libraries","param":"detroit-river-storylab","slug":"detroit-river-storylab","name":"Detroit River Story Lab","description":"The University of Michiganâs Detroit River Story Lab is an interdisciplinary, grant-funded initiative that partners with regional organizations to reconnect communities with the river and its stories. \r\n\r\nThe three Gala cases in this collection have been developed as curricular resources in support of courses at the high school or college level. They can be used as stand-alone learning modules or as an integrated sequence. \r\n\r\nIf being used as a set, the suggested order is:\r\n\r\n1) Climate Change and Carbon Mitigation in the Motor City\r\n\r\n2) Mapping a Greener Future for the Detroit River\r\n\r\n3) Communicating the Impacts of Climate Change","logoUrl":"/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBaXh5IiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--e2e86a3347a9514bce90cbc6207a8084bd32ea00/drsl.png","backgroundColor":"#ffffff","foregroundColor":"#000000","pendingRequestCount":0},"caseElements":[{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2113","id":2113,"caseId":702,"elementId":1961,"elementType":"Page","position":1,"elementStore":"pagesById"},{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2119","id":2119,"caseId":702,"elementId":1967,"elementType":"Page","position":2,"elementStore":"pagesById"}
155,{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2114","id":2114,"caseId":702,"elementId":1962,"elementType":"Page","position":3,"elementStore":"pagesById"},{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2115","id":2115,"caseId":702,"elementId":1963,"elementType":"Page","position":4,"elementStore":"pagesById"},{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2116","id":2116,"caseId":702,"elementId":1964,"elementType":"Page","position":5,"elementStore":"pagesById"},{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2117","id":2117,"caseId":702,"elementId":1965,"elementType":"Page","position":6,"elementStore":"pagesById"},{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2118","id":2118,"caseId":702,"elementId":1966,"elementType":"Page","position":7,"elementStore":"pagesById"},{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2120","id":2120,"caseId":702,"elementId":1968,"elementType":"Page","position":8,"elementStore":"pagesById"},{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2794","id":2794,"caseId":702,"elementId":2609,"elementType":"Page","position":9,"elementStore":"pagesById"},{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2121","id":2121,"caseId":702,"elementId":1969,"elementType":"Page","position":10,"elementStore":"pagesById"}],"wikidataLinks":[],"cards":{"5522":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5522","id":5522,"pageId":1967,"position":7,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"AnTOyx78gxk29L1H3BfkEQ==","data":{},"text":"5. Turn off the âBlack, Percent of Populationâ layer. Click the house icon located in the upper left corner. Click the âZoom Inâ button at least three times and return to the mouth of the Rouge River where it meets the Detroit River. It may be helpful to turn off the layer âContours 10ft (from USGS 1 3 Arc Second DEM)â if you have not already. Move up the Rouge River freely, following its branches throughout the watershed. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":3,"offset":0}]},{"key":"bcbkc","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":11,"offset":0}]},{"key":"8svdq","data":{},"text":"How would you categorize the areas the river flows through? What sorts of land features and infrastructure do you see? Note the dominant colors you see on the landscape and whether they noticeably change as you move about the watershed. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"6929":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"6929","id":6929,"pageId":1964,"position":4,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"ifFaXWbF4PbIAGunen+nsw==","data":{},"text":"As more development occurred in the communities along the Rouge, select populations benefitted, while others suffered. Middle class white residents could move to new, cleaner suburbs while economic precarity and racism trapped working class white and Black communities downriver. Flooding on the Rouge increased the risks of combined sewer overflows, and the increasing population in the upriver suburbs meant more residents and more input into combined sewers. Meanwhile, industrial dumping in the Rouge continued.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"988ng","data":{},"text":"River flow dynamics and the patterns of development and white flight meant that economically stable, white communities enjoyed a relatively clean environment, sending their waste and pollutionâintentionally or notâdown to predominantly Black communities. Developers drained and built over natural buffer and filtration systems like wetlands and riparian environments, removing the riverâs ability to mitigate pollution and stormwater runoff, and compounding the problems of a suffering river system. As a result, downstream communities were faced with a polluted river and impaired safeguards against flooding and contaminated water.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"7013":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"7013","id":7013,"pageId":1968,"position":2,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"W/Omj7TbTM8zeV2L1GcQgA==","data":{},"text":"Lack of funding at all levels has been a major obstacle to progress on cleaning up the Rouge River. State and regional population decreases, and the location of the regionâs wealth in townships outside of Detroit, contributed to the overall loss of public revenues for remediation projects. Home to over a million residents in 1990, Detroitâs population shrank to 713,777 in 2010, a 31% loss.° With these residents went tax dollars that could be used both for essential services, like schools and fire departments, and for environmental remediation. The upstream communities that have been largely able to continue with their remediation plans tend to be whiter and wealthier than the downstream communities. Between citizen action groups active predominantly in upstream areas, community pressure on local officials, and available funds from tax revenues, this means more resources are available in those upstream communities to care for the Rouge, even though those communities, while still greatly impacted by river contaminants, generally dealt with less pollution and waste in the first place â a benefit of their location.° ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":392},{"key":1,"length":7,"offset":655},{"key":2,"length":10,"offset":666},{"key":3,"length":1,"offset":1128}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"31kct","data":{},"text":"CSO removal is one major part of current remediation efforts. Note the locations of CSO outfalls on this map from 1998. Keep in mind that since then, many have been removed or controlled.° As of 2015, there were 17 CSOs left in the Rouge River system. Oakland County was particularly successful, eliminating all 38 of its previous CSO issues. The county constructed three retention treatment basins, each able to hold millions of gallons of stormwater.° Other
155communities on the Rouge, including the cities of Dearborn and Redford, have taken similar steps, but have not completely eliminated CSOs, again due to lack of funding.° While mitigating nonpoint-source pollution upstream eventually helps the communities downstream, historically polluted areas like Detroit and Dearborn continue to lack the funds to manage the concentrated toxins in the water and sediment. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":4,"length":8,"offset":100},{"key":5,"length":1,"offset":187},{"key":6,"length":1,"offset":453},{"key":7,"length":39,"offset":559},{"key":8,"length":1,"offset":629}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"e52ch","data":{},"text":"These imbalances have contributed, along with many other factors, to a major crisis in Detroit: a clean water shortage. Remember that the Rouge discharges into the Detroit River, the source of the cityâs drinking water. The Detroit Water and Sewerage Department must treat drinking water to remove all of the industrial and municipal toxins and make it safe for human consumption. Due to the high cost of treating stormwater, and to cover the cost of a project to overhaul the cityâs infrastructure, the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department charges residents and businesses based on the amount of impervious surface they have. The result has been a 65% increase in the average water bill between 2010 and 2018 to around $1,151 per year for a family of four.° When bills went unpaid, DWSD shut off water to 141,000 homes between 2014 and 2020, leaving the cityâs most impoverished with mounting debt and no access to clean water. As of January 2020, approximately 9,500 Detroit homes had no water service,° a problem the state and local governments began to address during the public health crisis caused by the spread of Sars-CoV-2 beginning in the spring of 2020.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":9,"length":6,"offset":183},{"key":10,"length":1,"offset":758},{"key":11,"length":24,"offset":904},{"key":12,"length":1,"offset":1005},{"key":13,"length":1,"offset":1165}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-24.pdf","contents":"U.S. Department of Commerce: Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, âMichigan: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts 2010 Census of Population and Housing,â issued July 2012, 60, https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-24.pdf."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"44910438-b6dd-4007-881d-b26c30431429"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"slug":"41665962-a915-4e67-bac9-0fc9b2604b5c"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"href":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/dnr/SR22_542281_7.pdf","contents":"Jennifer D. Beam and Jeffrey J. Braunscheidel, âRouge River Assessment,â State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources, September 1998, 12, 26, 44, https://www.michigan.gov/documents/dnr/SR22_542281_7.pdf.."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"slug":"c19b071c-cfa3-4653-92d1-93d61d12c39e"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"href":"https://detroitriver.org/assets/CSOs%20in%20Rouge%20and%20Detroit%202015.pdf","contents":"Phil Argiroff, âCSOs in the Rouge River and Detroit River Watersheds,â MWEA Wastewater Administrators, January 12, 2015, 38, https://detroitriver.org/assets/CSOs%20in%20Rouge%20and%20Detroit%202015.pdf."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"6":{"data":{"href":"https://www.oakgov.com/water/wastewater/rtb/Pages/default.aspx","contents":"âRetention Treatment Basins,â Oakland County: Water Resources Commissioner, https://www.oakgov.com/water/wastewater/rtb/Pages/default.aspx."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"7":{"data":{"slug":"ea8a95e9-91f0-4e01-b278-1dd5331e8d26"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"8":{"data":{"href":"https://detroitriver.org/assets/CSOs%20in%20Rouge%20and%20Detroit%202015.pdf","contents":"Phil Argiroff, âCSOs in the Rouge River and Detroit River Watersheds,â MWEA Wastewater Administrators, January 12, 2015, 14-15, https://detroitriver.org/assets/CSOs%20in%20Rouge%20and%20Detroit%202015.pdf."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}
155,"9":{"data":{"slug":"dd704228-856c-495c-8d4e-7f8d4fb30165"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"10":{"data":{"href":"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/08/691409795/a-water-crisis-is-growing-in-a-place-youd-least-expect-it#:~:text=In%20Chicago%2C%20the%20cost%20of,paid%20an%20astounding%20%241%2C151%20annually","contents":"Maria Zamudio and Will Craft, âA Water Crisis Is Growing In A Place You'd Least Expect It,â NPR, February 8, 2019, https://www.npr.org/2019/02/08/691409795/a-water-crisis-is-growing-in-a-place-youd-least-expect-it#:~:text=In%20Chicago%2C%20the%20cost%20of,paid%20an%20astounding%20%241%2C151%20annually."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"11":{"data":{"slug":"509aa60d-9635-4809-9d51-d4aaefaff67a"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"12":{"data":{"href":"https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-health-watch/i-hate-complain-i-havent-had-water-year-detroit-story","contents":"Joel Kurth and Mike Wilkinson, âI hate to complain, but I havenât had water in a year. A Detroit story,â Bridge, February 17, 2020, https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-health-watch/i-hate-complain-i-havent-had-water-year-detroit-story."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"13":{"data":{"href":"https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2020/03/09/duggan-whitmer-announce-plan-to-restore-water-service-to-residents-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/","contents":"Hank Winchester and Derick Hutchinson, âDuggan, Whitmer announce plan to restore water service to residents amid coronavirus outbreak,â Local 4 News: ClickOnDetroit, March 9, 2020, https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2020/03/09/duggan-whitmer-announce-plan-to-restore-water-service-to-residents-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5490":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5490","id":5490,"pageId":1962,"position":2,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"a+5qWtj53sySbvvT+n620A==","data":{},"text":"Prior to the establishment of the French Fort Pontchartrain in 1701, Bkejwanong, the Anishinaabe name for the place around what became Detroit, was occupied by a variety of Indigenous peoples who used the river for hunting, fishing, travel, and burial.° The English, allied with the Haudenosaunee, harried the French and Anishinaabe from the east. Even between allies, relations between European settlers and the Indigenous peoples of the Great Lakes were never entirely amicable and occasionally openly hostile. Historian Richard White called the area centered on Detroit the âmost volatileâ bloc of the lower Great Lakes in the 18th century.° ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":252},{"key":1,"length":1,"offset":643}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"fm7hq","data":{},"text":"Fort Pontchartrain fell under British control in 1760 and Indigenous peoples lost their tenuous position as trading partners and allies. Through numerous large-scale wars, such as that of 1763-65, and military occupations, the British, and later Americans, subjugated Indigenous inhabitants as conquered peoples.° Indigenous people of the lower Great Lakes were steadily, and violently, driven from their territories. This relationship remained when the city came under US occupation following the British departure in 1796, with a predominantly white population in Detroit and nearby Indigenous settlements forced further away from the town by the US military.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":312},{"key":3,"length":1,"offset":661}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"dtqcj","data":{},"text":"With the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, trade brought more American settlers to the Great Lakes. When Michigan became a state in 1837, Detroitâs population numbered 9,763. In the census of 1840, the Black population of Detroit was 193, primarily escaped and freed slaves. This number tripled in the years leading up to the Civil War. Racial tensions between Black and white residents manifested as restrictive laws on Black migration, segregation, limits on movement within the city, outbreaks of violence, and the deployment of federal troops against Black residents to suppress racial violence.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":600}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"bh6o9","data":{},"text":"By 1920, Detroitâs population grew to almost a million, with most of the growth between 1900-1920 and 95% of the population white.° The auto industry helped to populate and employ the Detroit region. Ford Motor Company, Olds Motor Works, Packard Motor Car Company, General Motors, and Chrysler Corporation employed nearly half of Detroitâs factory workers. Fordâs construction of the Rouge River Industrial Complex in the now-city of Dearborn drew thousands of additional residents to the community of fewer than three thousand, leading to the rapid construction of roads, schools, and homes for the plantâs workers. More industries like brick, tile, and metal factories soon found their homes there as well. This influx of residents and growth made Dearborn one of the most populous suburbs of Detroit, though only white Americans were allowed to reside within its limits.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":5,"length":1,"offset":130},{"key":6,"length":1,"offset":873}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://www.michaelamcdonnell.org/masters-of-empire","contents":"Michael McDonnel, Masters of Empire: Great Lakes Indians and the Making of America (New York: Hill and Wang, 2015), 47-48."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"href":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/middle-ground/5F4044644A763E02CC77F1D90AEF865B","contents":"Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650â1815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 146."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://www.routledge.com/Pontiacs-War-Its-Causes-Course-and-Consequences/Middleton/p/book/9780415979139","contents":"On Detroit in Pontiacâs War, see Richard Middleton, Pontiacâs War: Its Causes, Course and Consequences (New York: Routledge, 2007), 65-82."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"href":"https://www.worldcat.org/title/history-of-detroit-and-michigan-or-the-metropolis-illustrated-a-chronological-cyclopaedia-of-the-past-and-present-including-a-full-record-of-territorial-days-in-michigan-and-the-annals-of-wayne-county/oclc/745531562","contents":"For a narrative and letters, see Silas Farmer, The History of Detroit and Michigan or The Metropolis Illustrated: A Chronological Cyclopaedia or the Past and Present (Detroit: Silas Farmer \u0026 Co, 1884), 285-86."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"href":"http://www.scottmartelle.com/disc.htm","contents":"Scott Martelle, Detroit: A Biography (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2014), 31, 38-39."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"href":"https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/2005/demo/POP-twps0076.html","contents":"Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung, \"Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States,\" Working Paper, U.S. Census Bureau, Feb. 2005, 66."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"6":{"data":{"href":"https://www.worldcat.org/title/automobile-in-the-garden-henry-ford-suburbanization-and-the-detroit-metropolis-1919-1941/oclc/76702089","contents":"Heather B. Barrow, âThe automobile in the garden: Henry Ford, suburbanization, and the Detroit metropolis, 1919-1941,â Doctoral thesis, The University of Chicago, 2005, 58-60."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5349":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5349","id":5349,"pageId":1968,"position":1,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"uBw5WHxJXC3oYNQBZHfvmw==","data":{},"text":"While government and citizen concern seemed to finally unite after decades of degradation, plans for Rouge remediation still faced roadblocks. Government and citizen groups alike drew up grand plans for restoration, but they faced a common issue: funding. The Great Recession from 2007-2009 made acquiring funding even more challenging.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"93i7b","data":{},"text":"The Rouge River Remedial Action Plan of 1985 originally set a goal to have all CSOs in the watershed corrected by 2005, but court battles over CSO permits, as well as the economic recession, impacted action.° One important project, a seven mile tunnel to hold overflow wastewater until it could be treated, disproportionately relied on downstream communities for funds and was ultimately cancelled because of funding shortfalls.° Other projects reliant on local funding sources, such as water quality monitoring by the US Geological Survey, also failed due to funding issues.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":207},{"key":1,"length":1,"offset":428},{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":575}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"4mj2l","data":{},"text":"Historically wealthier, upstream communities, on the other hand, have had some success in eliminating CSOs. Upriver projects for habitat restoration, increased wetland and rainwater capture, and industry clean-up have made the river, if not clean, at least not as toxic. Additionally, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality approved a plan in 2010 to promote green infrastru
155cture aimed at reducing stormwater entering existing sewers to prevent overflow rather than hold the water after the sewers overflowed.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":3,"length":1,"offset":519}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://detroitriver.org/assets/CSOs%20in%20Rouge%20and%20Detroit%202015.pdf","contents":"Phil Argiroff, âCSOs in the Rouge River and Detroit River Watersheds,â MWEA Wastewater Administrators, January 12, 2015, 9 https://detroitriver.org/assets/CSOs%20in%20Rouge%20and%20Detroit%202015.pdf."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"href":"https://www.tunneltalk.com/Upper-Rouge-June09-Upper-Rouge-CSO-canceled.php","contents":"Paula Wallis, âUpper Rouge CSO cancelled,â Tunnel Talk, June 2009, https://www.tunneltalk.com/Upper-Rouge-June09-Upper-Rouge-CSO-canceled.php."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://www.joelontheroad.com/unmeasuring-the-rouge/","contents":"Joel Thurtell, âUnmeasuring the Rouge,â Joel On The Rouge, November 23, 2009, https://www.joelontheroad.com/unmeasuring-the-rouge/."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"href":"https://detroitmi.gov/Portals/0/docs/DWSD/dwsd_gi_upper_rouge_tunnel_area_08-01-2014.pdf","contents":"âGreen Infrastructure Plan for the Upper Rouge Tunnel Area,â Detroit Water and Sewerage Department and Tetra Tech, August 1, 2014, 1, https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/wrd-npdes-dwsd-GI-Plan_2014_472149_7.pdf."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5350":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5350","id":5350,"pageId":1969,"position":1,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"0ArTEfirfZ1au35as+CD7Q==","data":{},"text":"Revisit the interactive Rouge River Watershed map created by the Friends of the Rouge to complete the activity below and explore the qualities of the Rouge discussed in this case. Use this activity as a way to express and evaluate the information in this case study.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":25,"offset":24}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"d5f42","data":{},"text":"A PDF version of this activity can be found here, though access to the online map is still necessary for completion. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":1,"length":4,"offset":44}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"2eaf7df0-5fb9-451e-bb9d-f307f7f03be2"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"821c6550-2b74-4683-a115-6178f77a904a"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"}}}},"7018":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"7018","id":7018,"pageId":1968,"position":4,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"pfK9KPWFgdcbVdTic1ahJw==","data":{},"text":"As some communities recovered in the years after the recession, they were able to direct more funds to Rouge remediation projects, including more CSO removal, sediment cleanup, alteration or removal of dams, and wetland restoration. Although some CSOs remain, the removal of even some has had a major impact. CSO pollutants in the Rouge fell by 90% between 1988 and 2018. Even in the Lower Rouge, which is still largely affected by CSOs, 99% of readings in 2008 met or exceeded the State of Michigan water quality standard of 5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, up from almost none in the 1980s and 1990s.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":108},{"key":1,"length":20,"offset":109},{"key":2,"length":19,"offset":212},{"key":3,"length":1,"offset":597}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"dsssb","data":{},"text":"The Ford Rouge Plant has also played an important part in remediation. Reliably a major source of environmental change in the system since its construction in 1915, the plant has shifted from working because of the river, to working with the river. In recent years, installation of a green roof to filter rainwater and runoff, use of phytoremediation to clean contaminated soils, and the addition of a more sustainable heating and cooling system help the plant counteract some of its past effects on the watershed and guide its future relationship with the water.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":563}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"94uhs","data":{},"text":"The University of Michigan-Dearborn is the current owner of the Henry Ford Estate, and is considering updating and using the dam at Fair Lane as a source of hydroelectric power.° Together, Wayne County and the ARC are working on the construction of a fishway on the property, which will allow fish to circumnavigate the dam while leaving the historic structure undisturbed.° This project at the Fair Lane dam, alongside other dam removal and riverbank repair projects, are intended to give aquatic organisms access to miles of river they have not been able to inhabit for over a century and accommodate diverse life in the river.° ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":5,"length":1,"offset":177},{"key":6,"length":3,"offset":210},{"key":7,"length":1,"offset":373},{"key":8,"length":1,"offset":629}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"cfr4e","data":{},"text":"As a result of the cleaning efforts and dam removals, fish populations in branches outside of Detroit â the Upper, Middle, and Main Branches â have begun to recover. Between 2012-2018, Friends of the Rouge sampled the Rougeâs branches for certain âindicator species,â including the redside dace, the mimic shiner, and n
155orthern hogsucker.° Most of the indicator species have only been found in the Upper, Middle, and Main Branches of the Rouge. This could be due to more sampling events occurring in those locations, or it could be because the water and habitat in the Lower Branch near Detroit are too degraded to support populations of these fish.° ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":9,"length":20,"offset":185},{"key":10,"length":17,"offset":248},{"key":11,"length":1,"offset":337},{"key":12,"length":1,"offset":648}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"egem6","data":{},"text":"The Fair Lane Dam projects are a prime example of utilizing a river as natural infrastructure, fulfilling societal needs while minimizing negative impact on the other organisms which depend on the river. Here, removal of a man-made structure may not be the best option for promoting a balanced relationship between the Rouge and society. \"We can't treat the river as if it is simply nature and all dams, hatcheries, channels, pumps, cities, ranches, and pulp mills are ugly and unnecessary blotches on a still coherent natural system,â writes Richard White about the Columbia River, âThese things are now part of the river itself . . . it is at once our creation and retains a life of its own beyond our control.\"°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":13,"length":1,"offset":713}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"9acgm","data":{},"text":"Recently, more attention has been focused on a new service the Rouge could provide: recreation. The river now boasts an official water trail from Melvindale to Detroit, allowing kayakers to marry the cityâs history and industry to the river that powered it.° Parks with walking and biking trails exist in many Rouge-adjacent communities. Promoting the Rouge as a outdoor recreation spot not only shifts the river away from its previous role as a waste receptacle, potentially allowing wildlife and the river itself to flourish under the protection of local and state governments, but could also bring much-needed visitors to southeastern Michigan.° Urban greenspaces can also provide ecosystem services to residents in the form of general health benefits, temperature reduction, and air and water filtration.° ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":14,"length":10,"offset":84},{"key":15,"length":1,"offset":257},{"key":16,"length":1,"offset":647},{"key":17,"length":1,"offset":808}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"url":"https://www.glri.us/node/159","href":"https://www.glri.us/node/159"},"type":"LINK","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"ae99755b-8b55-441a-a35e-730a34de80bd"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"slug":"d3fa00f7-23d1-4c1b-b0bc-75042a815598"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"href":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14634988.2018.1528816","contents":"J. Ridgway, K. Cave, A. DeMaria, J. OâMeara \u0026 J. H. Hartig, âThe Rouge River Area of Concern - A multi-year, multi-level successful approach to restoration of Impaired Beneficial Uses,â Aquatic System Health and Management, September 28, 2018, 402-403."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"href":"https://www.thehenryford.org/visit/ford-rouge-factory-tour/history-and-timeline/reinventing/","contents":"âReinventing the Rouge,â The Henry Ford, https://www.thehenryford.org/visit/ford-rouge-factory-tour/history-and-timeline/reinventing/."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"href":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/dnr/SR22_542281_7.pdf","contents":"Jennifer D. Beam and Jeffrey J. Braunscheidel, âRouge River Assessment,â State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources,â September 1998, 38-39,https://www.michigan.gov/documents/dnr/SR22_542281_7.pdf."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"6":{"data":{"slug":"40c0bd38-a3f9-426a-a72a-d1db76197613"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"7":{"data":{"href":"http://www.allianceofrougecommunities.com/PDFs/general/HFE%20Dam%20Fishway%20Public%20Education%20Handout.pdf","contents":"Marc Daalder, âRouge River fish to get exclusive freeway at Fordâs Fair Lane estate,â Detroit Free Press, July 3, 2018; âRestoring Fish Passage at the Henry Ford Estate Dam,â Alliance of Rouge Communities, http://www.allianceofrougecommunities.com/PDFs/general/HFE%20Dam%20Fishway%20Public%20Education%20Handout.pdf."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"8":{"data":{"href":"https://www.glri.us/node/156","contents":"âRestoration of the Fish Passage at the Henry Ford Estate Dam,â Great Lakes Restoration, November 20, 2018, https://www.glri.us/node/156."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"9":{"data":{"slug":"bc7357ed-0449-4de8-8b41-a6feef6b6027"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"10":{"data":{"slug":"80d157ef-24d0-4255-9c6c-11abe42a6dd2"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"11":{"data":{"href":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_a0xSLJbhfOSjZrb0hEV2VycUU/view","contents":"Kristina A. Blott and Robert D. Muller, â2012 Survey of Fishes in the Waters of the Middle \u0026 Upper Rouge River Historically Inhabited by Redside Dace,â University of Michigan: Dearborn, 2012, 3."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"12":{"data":{"contents":"Kristina A. Blott and Robert D. Muller, â2012 Survey of Fishes in the Waters of the Middle \u0026 Upper Rouge River Historically Inhabited by Redside Daceâ, The University of Michigan Dearborn, 2012, 1-87; Larissa Sano, Jacob Napieralski, and Sally Petrella, âGreat Lakes Leveraging Grant Final Report Form,â
155University of Michigan Water Center, August 31, 2015, 7-12; âReport on Fish Surveys by Friends of the Rouge, 2017-18 for the Alliance of Rouge Communitiesâ, Friends of the Rouge, July 10, 2018, 1-27; âReport on Fish Surveys by Friends of the Rouge, August â October 2018 for the Alliance of Rouge Communitiesâ, Friends of the Rouge, January 24, 2019, 1-24."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"13":{"data":{"contents":"Richard White, The Organic Machine, (New York, Hill and Wang, 1996), 109."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"14":{"data":{"slug":"905cb3ff-7492-4927-9c36-004a7cb61aaf"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"15":{"data":{"href":"http://www.michiganwatertrails.org/trail.asp?ait=cv\u0026cid=116","contents":"âRouge River: One Detroit Clip,â Detroit Public TV, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBKz0KkmgHg; âLower Rouge River Industrial Route,â Michigan Water Trails, http://www.michiganwatertrails.org/trail.asp?ait=cv\u0026cid=116."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"16":{"data":{"href":"https://mitrails.org/library/magazine_pages_pdf/82%20-%20Rouge%20River%20Gateway%20Trail.pdf","contents":"âI-275 Metro: Rouge River Gateway: Lower Rouge River: ITC Corridor Trails,â Michigan Trails Magazine, 2020, https://mitrails.org/library/magazine_pages_pdf/82%20-%20Rouge%20River%20Gateway%20Trail.pdf; âRecreation,â Friends of the Rouge, https://therouge.org/recreation/."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"17":{"data":{"href":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.06.001","contents":"Marié J. du Toit, Sarel S. Cilliers, Martin Dallimer, Mark Goddard, Solène Guenat, Susanna F. Cornelius, âUrban green infrastructure and ecosystem services in sub-Saharan Africa, Landscape and Urban Planning,â Volume 180, 2018, 249-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.06.001."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5506":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5506","id":5506,"pageId":1963,"position":3,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"ZmLDeP/4hMRv+7SgJ2IFSQ==","data":{},"text":"Use this worksheet as a guide as you a look at this Residential Security Map from 1939.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":14,"offset":4},{"key":1,"length":25,"offset":51}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"8b5c988d-5b24-43d8-a73e-b682f6e99de3"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"255a3a74-d677-44cf-8b13-6c395c78e213"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"}}}},"6978":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"6978","id":6978,"pageId":1966,"position":3,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"9AsxAInmb1U5p8x4uLj1Tw==","data":{},"text":"Although it finally faced federal regulation, point source pollution into the river remained a problem. The Clean Water Act regulated industry pollution to some degree, and Detroitâs wastewater treatment plant underwent updates in the 1970s and 1980s to reduce its pollution into the Rouge, but, in spite of these improvements, the river was hardly cleaner.° Industry still contributed â130 million pounds of oil and grease, 124 million pounds of suspended solids, one million pounds of ammonia, 30,000 pounds (fifteen tons!) of cyanide and 24,000 pounds of ironâ to the Rougeâs waters annually. At the time, the Ford Rouge Plant alone pumped 550 million gallons of Detroit River water into the complex daily to cool machinery and dilute chemicals before spitting the water into the Rouge.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":357},{"key":1,"length":1,"offset":789}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"546tp","data":{},"text":"Despite all of this, industry was not the primary polluter of the river.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"8ukec","data":{},"text":"Combined sewer overflows occurred 40 to 50 times annually on the Rouge and fed the river 94% of the methane-releasing bacteria, 90% of the phosphorus, 56% of the nitrogen, and 71,000 metric tons of suspended solids found in the river, in addition to human waste. This, no doubt, led to the readings of fecal
155coliform in the river a few years prior that ranged from 224,000 to nearly ten million cfu per 100 ml of water, a minimum of 1,120 times what would cause beach a beach closure in 1979.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":2,"length":14,"offset":302},{"key":3,"length":1,"offset":492}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"cngrs","data":{},"text":"The specific problems plaguing the watershed were officially outlined as part of its designation as an AOC in 1987. These issues, known officially as Beneficial Use Impairments (BUIs), describe the âdifferent types of significant environmental degradationâ in the Rouge system. There are 14 possible BUIs that can be declared âimpairedâ in an AOC. Of these, the Rouge has the following nine:","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"7d132","data":{},"text":"Restrictions on Fish and Wildlife Consumption","depth":0,"type":"unordered-list-item","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"dd1t6","data":{},"text":"Eutrophication or Undesirable Algae","depth":0,"type":"unordered-list-item","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"2vtcn","data":{},"text":"Degradation of Fish and Wildlife Populations","depth":0,"type":"unordered-list-item","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"bunu4","data":{},"text":"Beach Closings","depth":0,"type":"unordered-list-item","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"3c62j","data":{},"text":"Fish Tumors or Other Deformities","depth":0,"type":"unordered-list-item","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"4iju3","data":{},"text":"Degradation of Aesthetics","depth":0,"type":"unordered-list-item","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"4d5ai","data":{},"text":"Degradation of Benthos","depth":0,"type":"unordered-list-item","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"38d4i","data":{},"text":"Restriction on Dredging Activities","depth":0,"type":"unordered-list-item","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"77rg4","data":{},"text":"Loss of Fish and Wildlife Habitat.","depth":0,"type":"unordered-list-item","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"cg71d","data":{},"text":"While BUIs can be removed if their statuses improve, none of the Rougeâs BUIs have been improved enough for removal from the list.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":130}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://www.metrotimes.com/detroit/reviving-the-rouge/Content?oid=2171711","contents":"Keith Schneider, âReviving the Rouge,â Detroit Metro Times, Aug. 1, 2001, https://www.metrotimes.com/detroit/reviving-the-rouge/Content?oid=2171711."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"href":"https://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/18765/my_search_for_the_source_of_the_rouge#.WhJftrQ-dsM","contents":"Robert L. Pisor, âMy Search For The Source Of The Rouge,â Deadline Detroit (originally printed in Monthly Detroit), November 28, 2017 (originally October 1979), https://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/18765/my_search_for_the_source_of_the_rouge#.WhJftrQ-dsM."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"slug":"b6aa977f-e4f8-4d27-b987-87a5656cdfa6"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"href":"https://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/18765/my_search_for_the_source_of_the_rouge#.WhJftrQ-dsM","contents":"Robert L. Pisor, âMy Search For The Source Of The Rouge,â Deadline Detroit (originally printed in Monthly Detroit), November 28, 2017 (originally October 1979), https://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/18765/my_search_for_the_source_of_the_rouge#.WhJftrQ-dsM."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"href":"https://www.epa.gov/great-lakes-aocs/rouge-river-aoc","contents":"âRouge River AOC,â United States Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/great-lakes-aocs/rouge-river-aoc."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5527":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5527","id":5527,"pageId":1969,"position":4,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"JL8S1Dd2gYA3CXxQ7s91Vg==","data":{},"text":"Wetlands","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":8,"offset":0}]},{"key":"b1c5f","data":{},"text":"1. Turn off all layers except âRouge River, Creeks, and Tributariesâ and âRouge Watershed Outline, including Combined Sewer Contributions.â","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"dah80","data":{},"text":"2. Turn on the âLand Cover Circa 1800â and again note the areas designated as marshes and swamps, which are types of wetlands. Turn off this layer.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"7flfk","data":{},"text":"3. Now turn on the âWetlands of the Rouge River Watershed, circa 2005â layer. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"6htmv","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":11,"offset":0}]},{"key":"adejo","data":{},"text":"Where are the wetlands generally located? How has their area changed since 1800? Based on what you know from the previous maps and the case, where are there no wetlands present and why is that?","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"38ih2","data":{},"text":"4. In addition to the layers which are already on, turn on âPotential Wetland Restoration in the Rouge River Watershed.â","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"femqf","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":10,"offset":0}]},{"key":"1mlt6","data":{},"text":"Given the benefits of wetlands, which of these areas would you prioritize for wetland restoration and why? Justify your decision using the concepts of ecosystem services and natural infrastru
155cture. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"6974":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"6974","id":6974,"pageId":1965,"position":3,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"3h3MaTCvLRlrtZ9aqioxiw==","data":{},"text":"By the 1960s, decades of unregulated industrial dumping culminated in a river in desperate need of help. Environmentalists strove to limit toxic waste in the river, while civil engineers strove to control the riverâs floods with concrete. Caught in the crossfire were the boats that rusted in sulfuric acid and fish without oxygen, food, or shelter.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"2eu0h","data":{},"text":"Read the quotation Michigan Congressman John Dingell used to described the Rouge to Congress in 1966 here. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":4,"offset":101}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"8se8b","data":{},"text":"In the hearing, Dingell reported a daily dose of 19,000 gallons of oil, 200,000 pounds of sulfuric acid, 2,000,000 pounds of chemical salts, and 100,000 pounds of iron entering the Rouge.° At the time, the Army Corps of Engineers was removing 255,000 cubic yards of waste from the bottom of the river annually.° Attempts at regulation faced stiff opposition from industrial polluters. When confronted about its contribution of wood solids and chemicals to the Rouge, the Scott Paper Co. in Detroit threatened to move its operationsâand jobsâelsewhere if it would not be allowed to continue dumping into the Rouge.° Coupled with raw sewage from frequent combined sewer overflows, the levels of pollution led some local health officials to ban human contact with the river in 1969.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":1,"length":1,"offset":187},{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":310},{"key":3,"length":1,"offset":613},{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":779}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"86gcs","data":{},"text":"Then, in October of 1969, the Rouge caught fire when sparks from a welding torch ignited some floating debris. The flames spread to a 3,000-gallon oil spill in the river that flowed from a broken pipe earlier that day.° Despite the paradox of burning water, this fire was not front-page news: a local paper devoted only three short columns to the story, tucked deep within the issue. In the 1960s, a Rust Belt river catching fire was not particularly noteworthy. These rivers received the waste of industrial growth, meaning that sometimes, they caught fire. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":5,"length":17,"offset":30},{"key":6,"length":1,"offset":218},{"key":7,"length":27,"offset":434}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"2q9ee","data":{},"text":"The Rouge saw another major change beginning in the 1960s. In 1962, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers started straightening and channelizing the final miles of the river to prevent flooding in downstream communities. A straight river with wide, concrete banks allows for excess water to safely fill and exit the system quickly. This stretch, originally 5.8 miles, was shortened to 4.2 miles as engineers eliminated natural meanders and lined the river with concrete.° While effective in reducing flooding, the project also destroyed huge amounts of habitat. Sediment, rocks, and plants that lined the riverbed disappeared under concrete. Without food or places to hide, Great Lakes fish struggled to move through the channelized section and into the Rouge.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":8,"length":20,"offset":238},{"key":9,"length":1,"offset":465}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"02d15d9e-c971-416e-9490-702876fe27b3"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"href":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d03505093a\u0026view=1up\u0026seq=7","contents":" âWater Pollution: Great Lakes: Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Eighty-Ninth Congress, Second Session,â Book, Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966, 507, https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d03505093a."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d03505093a\u0026view=1up\u0026seq=7","contents":"âWater Pollution: Great Lakes: Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Eighty-Ninth Congress, Second Session,â Book, Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966, 507, https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d03505093a."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"href":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d03505093a\u0026view=1up\u0026seq=7","contents":"âWater Pollution: Great Lakes: Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Eighty-Ninth Congress, Second Session,â Book, Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1966, 493, https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d03505093a."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"href":"https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2019/10/rouge-river-fire-anniversary-great-lakes-moment/#:~:text=It%20happened%20on%20Cleveland's%20Cuyahoga,happened%20on%20the%20Rouge%20River.\u0026text=When%20most%20people%20think%20of,Rouge%20River%20caught%20on%20fire.","contents":"John Hartig, âGreat Lakes Moment: Five decades since the infamous Rouge River fire,â Great Lakes Now, Oct. 7, 2019, https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2019/10/rouge-river-fire-anniversary-great-lakes-moment/#:~:text=It%20happened%20on%20Cleveland's%20Cuyahoga,happened%20on%20the%20Rouge%20River.\u0026text=When%20most%20people%20think%20of,Rouge%20River%20caught%20on%20fire."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"slug":"f9d9ed57-5b14-4a1d-b2aa-9a0e751b0964"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"6":{"data":{"href":"https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/in-1969-the-rouge-river-burned-50-years-and-more-than-a-billion-dollars-later-life-has-returned-to-the-water","contents":"Jack Nissen, âIn 1969 the Rouge River burned. 50 years and more than a billion dollar later, life has returned to the water,â Fox 2 Detroit, Oct. 8, 2019."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"7":{"data":{"slug":"c4e3fcc2-d464-448e-8706-788b4fa7a7d2"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"8":{"data":{"slug":"87d7ea17-4603-4152-b5b3-65466d9e5936"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"9":{"data":{"href":"https://www.lre.usace.army.mil/Portals/69/docs/PPPM/PlanningandStudies/DraftPlanningStudies/09urenvirasses.pdf","contents":"U.S. Army Engineer District, Detroit, âEnvironmental Assessment: Rouge River Section 1135 Ecosystem Restoration Wayne County, Michigan,â U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Oct. 2011, 2, https://www.lre.usace.army.mil/Portals/69/docs/PPPM/PlanningandStudies/DraftPlanningStudies/09urenvirasses.pdf."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5521":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5521","id":5521,"pageId":1967,"position":6,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"sSCdne232liyl3vGMkpChg==","data":{},"text":"4. Zoom back out so you can see the whole watershed. Open the pullout menu and turn on the layer titled âBlack, Percent of Population.â ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":3,"offset":0}]},{"key":"bh26q","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":11,"offset":0}]},{"key":"5m1hs","data":{},"text":"Which cities have the highest percentages of Black residents? Which cities have the lowest percentages? Consider why such a stark divide between these areas might exist. Given that the Rouge River generally flows southeast, describe the locations of these cities with the terms âupstreamâ and âdownstream.â","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"5524":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5524","id":5524,"pageId":1967,"position":9,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"cZopaFOWp7ea/ydzz7b9Yg==","data":{},"text":" 7. Finally, find the blue and white icon on the map for the âFriends of the Rougeâ headquarters, located mid-map. This is an organization formed in 1986 dedicated to the maintenance and restoration of the Rouge River. Since then, they have conducted monitoring surveys as well as annual clean-up events. This organization will appear several times throughout the case study. Go ahead and return to the case study and begin the next page, âIndustrialization on the Rouge.â","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":3,"offset":1}]}],"entityMap":{}}},"5525":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5525","id":5525,"pageId":1969,"position":2,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"2uRapMxMd7Ey5aG/qjBRNg==","data":{},"text":"Navigation instructions: ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":25,"offset":0}]},{"key":"ckq3h","data":{},"text":"Move around the map area by left-clicking and dragging across the screen. There is a pullout menu in the upper left corner where data layers on the map can be manipulated. Unless otherwise noted, there is no need to alter the layers for this activity. The controls for zooming in and out, as well as the âHomeâ button for returning to the original view of the map, are also located in the pullout menu. You will be directed there as needed. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"bp9gh","data":{},"text":"Note for instructors: ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":21,"offset":0}]},{"key":"bh4rv","data":{},"text":"Individual readers can complete the following as a self-guided activity perfectly well, but students may benefit most from working in teams to navigate the map and discussing the questions with general guidance from an instructor. Eac
155h student or team should complete all sections in the given order. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"6975":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"6975","id":6975,"pageId":1965,"position":4,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"SCnAV137/85Ik1FaKmJG8w==","data":{},"text":"Explore this map activity to see how the shape and path of the Rouge River has changed over the last century. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":17,"offset":8}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"0b172aef-4f28-45cc-a0c5-5ac1411a2ca7"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"}}}},"6977":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"6977","id":6977,"pageId":1966,"position":2,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"3sXk5WjiulsbpJzVPijBRg==","data":{},"text":"The initial Remedial Action Plan (RAP), a formal strategy developed in concert between local constituents, corporations, and the government for the restoration and conservation of the area under the federal Area of Concern program, estimated that full cleanup of the Rouge would amount to $900 million to $2 billion.° ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":20,"offset":12},{"key":1,"length":1,"offset":316}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"5ehaa","data":{},"text":"Alongside federal programs, which lagged on the Rouge, local organizations and volunteer groups organized cleanup and stewardship activities.° The most prominent and enduring of these organizations is Friends of the Rouge, formed in February 1986 to promote the cleanup and stewardship of the Rouge River Watershed. Washtenaw County Drain Commissioner and Chairman of Michiganâs Water Resources Commission James Murray, later president of Friends of the Rouge, spearheaded the creation of the group after spending years organizing local crews for Rouge cleanup events.° The groupâs formation came about a year after the death of 23-year-old Kenneth Hagstrom in 1985. Hagstrom died from a rare bacterial infection, leptospirosis, or rat bite fever, after falling into the Rouge during a walk.° ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":141},{"key":3,"length":20,"offset":201},{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":568},{"key":5,"length":1,"offset":791}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"40rvq","data":{},"text":"The first watershed-wide, organized cleanup event occurred on June 7, 1986. Organized by Friends of the Rouge, the event sent over 400 volunteers to eleven sites to clean up trash and debris from the riverbanks and clear log jams.° âRouge Rescue â86â united citizens, local governments, and even industry. Ford Motor Company was a major sponsor of the event and continued its monetary support in subsequent years.° In spite of safety warnings to stay out of the water and prevent contact with open wounds, eyes, and mouth, the initial Rouge Rescue Day was a success. It has been held annually since. Friends of the Rouge also added other stewardship activities like invasive species removal and fish monitoring to its agenda. Other local remediation projects along the Rouge included addressing problems such as combined sewer overflows, stormwater runoff, habitat restoration, and education.° ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":6,"length":1,"offset":230},{"key":7,"length":1,"offset":413},{"key":8,"length":13,"offset":579},{"key":9,"length":1,"offset":892}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"d895e941-7fbf-409b-aad6-6f45ed2a1f32"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"href":"https://www.allianceofrougecommunities.com/PDFs/general/RRNWWDP%2018%20years%20success%20WEF%20Paper.pdf","contents":"James W. Ridgway, PE, âTHE ROUGE RIVER NATIONAL WET WEATHER DEMONSTRATION PROJECT EIGHTEEN YEARS OF DOCUMENTED SUCCESS,â Alliance of Rouge Communities, 4."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://beltmag.com/on-the-rouge/","contents":"Michael A. Van Kerckhove, âOn The Rouge,â Belt Magazine, March 5, 2015."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"slug":"13af9aca-d6f5-4a1f-9d37-9def4b79c795"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"contents":"\"A Brief History of Friends of the Rouge,\" Friends of the Rouge, 1; âComing clean on the Rouge,â Detroit Free Press (Detroit, MI), Feb. 13, 1986, 149."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"contents":"Judy Diebolt, âNovi man fatally ill after gulps of Rouge,â Detroit Free Press (Detroit, MI), Oct. 5, 1985, Section A Page 3; Bob Campbell, âExpert doesnât blame Rouge water for death,â Detroit Free Press (Detroit, MI), Oct. 11, 1985, Section A Page 10."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"6":{"data":{"contents":"Wylie Gerdes, âA massive cleanup gets rolling on the Rouge,â Detroit Free Press (Detroit, MI), June 5, 1986, 4B; Detroit Free Press (1923-1999), General edition; Detroit [Detroit] 09 July 1986: 1 (image caption)."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"7":{"data":{"contents":"Wylie Gerdes, âRouge rescue gets a boost,â Detroit Free Press (Detroit, MI), May 21, 1987, 183."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"8":{"data":{"slug":"96a9cbef-13e4-4f5c-a0d8-59a5fb34614a"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"9":{"data":{"href":"https://www.allianceofrougecommunities.com/PDFs/general/RRNWWDP%2018%20years%20success%20WEF%20Paper.pdf","contents":"James W. Ridgway, PE, âTHE ROUGE RIVER NATIONAL W
155ET WEATHER DEMONSTRATION PROJECT EIGHTEEN YEARS OF DOCUMENTED SUCCESS,â Alliance of Rouge Communities, 4."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5508":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5508","id":5508,"pageId":1963,"position":5,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"r7r3UnK2y67honTj7Arn2Q==","data":{},"text":"The Arsenal of Democracy increased heavy industry, simultaneously increasing the waste entered the Rouge ecosystem. By the 1940s, nearly six million gallons of oil entered the Detroit and Rouge Rivers every year.° The Ford Rouge Complex also released long-lasting PAHs into the Rouge, which accumulated in the riverâs sediments. These chemicals are by-products of burning coal, oil, wood, and gasoline, as well as steel manufacturing.° Throughout these decades, the Rouge continued to be utilized as a waste repository and a transportation highway for the booming war towns supplying equipment on an international scale.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":212},{"key":1,"length":4,"offset":264},{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":434}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"21kd5","data":{},"text":"As the importance of the Rouge ecosystem to the world increased, both the Rouge itself and those living in downstream communities began to suffer the consequences. Municipal waste emerged as the Rougeâs major supply of nonpoint source pollution. With more people living in and around the city, Detroit expanded its sewage system, which relied on dilution of raw sewage in the Detroit River. When the Detroit River became saturated with waste, the contaminated water flowed backward into the Rouge.° Rather than build new sewer systems to accommodate growing needs, planners connected new plumbing systems to the existing infrastructure: combined sewers. Combined sewers collect both sewage and stormwater runoff into a single system to be taken to a treatment plant. They were designed to use rainwater to wash away the waste of city life, such as animal waste and garbage. Since the sewers take both wastewater and stormwater, they can exceed capacity during large rain events.° To keep the levels in sewers down so the pipes and the treatment plants are not overwhelmed, excess water is released into nearby rivers in an event called a combined sewer overflow.° Consequently, cocktails of untreated stormwater runoff and raw sewage regularly entered the Rouge River.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":3,"length":25,"offset":219},{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":497},{"key":5,"length":1,"offset":978},{"key":6,"length":23,"offset":1138},{"key":7,"length":1,"offset":1162}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"7ccg1","data":{},"text":"Raw sewage overflow not only threatened the humans along the Rouge with disease, but also contributed to degraded aesthetics and harm to the ecosystem.° Excess nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, stimulate excessive growth in algae populations. These algae die after consuming all the resources and use up huge amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water as they decompose.° This is called eutrophication. Macroinvertebrates and fish are then unable to breathe in the low-oxygen water and thus must leave or die off.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":8,"length":1,"offset":151},{"key":9,"length":16,"offset":333},{"key":10,"length":1,"offset":381},{"key":11,"length":14,"offset":398},{"key":12,"length":1,"offset":524}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://www.michiganradio.org/post/50-years-ago-today-rouge-river-caught-fire","contents":"Lester Graham, â50 years ago today, the Rouge River caught on fire,â Michigan Radio, NPR, Oct. 9, 2019, https://www.michiganradio.org/post/50-years-ago-today-rouge-river-caught-fire."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"6548557f-4877-4016-adc0-f10288557a81"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://www.thehenryford.org/visit/ford-rouge-factory-tour/history-and-timeline/reinventing/","contents":"âReinventing the Rouge,â The Henry Ford, https://www.thehenryford.org/visit/ford-rouge-factory-tour/history-and-timeline/reinventing/; âPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Fact Sheet,â Department of Health and Human Services and The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Environmental Health, November 2009, 1, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-03/documents/pahs_factsheet_cdc_2013.pdf."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"slug":"6d4c9252-fa04-4394-bc4c-56812886aa1a"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"href":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2737\u0026context=oa_dissertations","contents":"Josiah Rector, âAccumulating Risk: Environmental Justice and the History of Capitalism in Detroit, 1880-2015,â dissertation, Wayne State University, 2017, 62."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"href":"https://therouge.org/combined-sewers/","contents":"âCombined Sewers,â The Rouge, Friends of the Rouge, https://therouge.org/combined-sewers/."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"6":{"data":{"slug":"09692a43-761b-4841-8a84-e9e42b574bcd"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"7":{"data":{"href":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.113-a464","contents":"âCombined Sewer Overflows,â National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/npdes/combined-sewer-overflows-csos; John Tibbetts, âCombined Sewer Systems: Down, Dirty, and Out of Date,â Environmental Health Perspective, 2005, vol. 113, 7, 10.1289/ehp.113-a464."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"8":{"data":{"href":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.113-a464","contents":"John Tibbetts, âCombined Sewer Systems: Down, Dirty, and Out of Date,â Environmental Health Perspective, 2005, vol. 113, 7, pg. A 464 â A 466, doi.org/10.1289/ehp.113-a464. "},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"9":{"data":{"slug":"54137049-484c-4a11-ad17-d3b8a13526f5"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"10":{"data":{"href":"https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/wq-iw3-24.pdf","contents":"âLow Dissolved Oxygen in Water: Causes, Impact on Aquatic Life â An Overview,â Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Feb. 2009, https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/wq-iw3-24.pdf."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"11":{"data":{"slug":"34ec59f1-1ea3-4e14-9eef-828b2a3b939c"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"12":{"data":{"href":"10.1080/14634988.2018.1528816","contents":"J. Ridgway, K. Cave, A. DeMaria, J. OâMeara \u
1550026 J. H. Hartig, âThe Rouge River Area of Concern â A multi-year, multi-level successful approach to restoration of Impaired Beneficial Uses,â Aquatic Ecosystem Health \u0026 Management, 2018, 21:1, 398-408, 10.1080/14634988.2018.1528816."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5529":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5529","id":5529,"pageId":1969,"position":6,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"4NAEX2yZi9lqojOg2tCS2g==","data":{},"text":"Recreation","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":10,"offset":0}]},{"key":"8lklm","data":{},"text":"1. Turn off all layers except âRouge River, Creeks, and Tributariesâ and âRouge Watershed Outline, including Combined Sewer Contributions.â ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"8o6rl","data":{},"text":"2. Turn on âRouge Public Parks.â Turn the âRouge River, Creeks, and Tributariesâ layer on and off in order to better see the parks along the river. Notice that a large portion of the land directly flanking the Rougeâs four branches is public park land. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"3bu88","data":{},"text":"Question: If this is the case, why might some of these areas still be degraded?","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"ifr1","data":{},"text":"3. Turn on âRouge Cities \u0026 Twps,â âHiking / Biking Trails,â and the âRouge River Water Trail.â ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"653ea","data":{},"text":"Question: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":9,"offset":0}]},{"key":"nbko","data":{},"text":"How would you change or improve these and other recreation opportunities on the Rouge River, if at all? ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"ft02t","data":{},"text":"4. Leave the previous layers on and turn on the â2011 Land Coverâ layer. Expand the dropdown menu for that layer. Turn the âRouge Public Parksâ layer on and off so you can see the land cover map underneath. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"1hv87","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":10,"offset":0}]},{"key":"1e7a0","data":{},"text":"How are most of the public park lands classified according to the land cover map? Do you see any other areas with the same classifications where you would put additional parks? What general region of the map lacks this type of land? What benefits can public parks provide, and where would it be most challenging to benefit from the ecosystem service of recreation/greenspace?","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"5343":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5343","id":5343,"pageId":1962,"position":1,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"k0Ppe1AphqF/aqlHXhmQyw==","data":{}
155,"text":"Nineteenth-century Detroit was an industrial city, importing materials like lumber and iron and exporting train wheels, cigars, and stoves.° By the 1880s and 90s, the Rouge River housed companies like the Detroit Salt Company, a gelatin and fertilizer factory, and a pole yard for Western Union Telegraph Company. By 1902, the Rouge River area was already âthe most desirable manufacturing section in the vicinity of Detroitâ due to its access to rail and channelized water transportation.° Henry Fordâs Rouge River Industrial Complex rocketed the region into the national spotlight when construction began in 1915. The scale of manufacture and export marked a new phase in the Rougeâs industrial history, demanding further dredging of channels, building of hydroelectric dams, and discharging increasing amounts of industrial waste into its waters. The Rouge and its services became integral pieces in the industrial machine that was southeastern Michigan as Detroit morphed into the Motor City. The river provided the ideal environment for transportation of goods, a small supply of energy, and easy waste disposal. The focus on industrialization, however, left little room to consider or prioritize the Rougeâs other services, like clean water and intact habitats for the riverâs aquatic organisms.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":6,"offset":76},{"key":1,"length":1,"offset":139},{"key":2,"length":8,"offset":229},{"key":3,"length":1,"offset":489},{"key":4,"length":30,"offset":504}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"ca8b3e6a-07bf-41a8-b688-32d69c8d9e06"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"href":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1738/","contents":"Josiah Rector, âAccumulating Risk: Environmental Justice and the History of Capitalism in Detroit, 1880-2015,â (PhD diss, Wayne State University, 2017), 44."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"slug":"c797b365-18a8-45cb-a37f-551772bf543d"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"contents":"Survey of Rouge River, Michigan, H.R. Rep. No. 55-138, at 4 (1897); âRouge River Improvement Company, Limited: A company which has done much for the industrial development of the Rouge River District,â Detroit Free Press, May 25, 1902."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"slug":"d9b663b8-40de-4a7b-9097-b119ad2dc55c"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"}}}},"5491":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5491","id":5491,"pageId":1962,"position":4,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"iJHllhAo9Q3rNimhJQ5keQ==","data":{},"text":"The boost in industrialization made the Ford Rouge Plant âthe greatest industrial domain in the world,â and the Rougeâs role as a working river brought population, industry, and wealth to the riverâs banks.° It made sense, then, to utilize the Rouge as one piece of a machine pushing the region toward progress and prosperity. It also meant that huge amounts of industrial waste entered the river. At this time, society most valued the Rouge as a waste receptacle. Industry giants dumped lead, copper, cyanide, and oils into the Rouge to âdisposeâ of them.° Industrial toxins permeated not only the water, but also the riverâs sediments and the organisms that called it home.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":206},{"key":1,"length":1,"offset":556}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"9jcis","data":{},"text":"Industries also built hydroelectric dams in the Rouge, replacing or supplementing coal-fueled electricity with hydraulic energy. While the Rougeâs role as an energy supplier was short-lived, the dams had long-lasting effects on the ecosystem. Nearly half obstruct the riverâs headwaters, which feed the rest of the river with the nutrients, macroinvertebrates, and cool water many of the Rougeâs native fishes require.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":418}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"fjptl","data":{},"text":"Dozens of dams still fragment the river, preventing the general travel of fish. Potamodromous fish, such as American Eel, Walleye, and Northern Pike historically used the Rouge River for spawning.° While modern dams sometimes provide fish access paths, most of the Rougeâs historical dams were not equipped with these structures. With no access to seasonal spawning grounds, these species must either find a new river in which to spawn or die off.° The dam at Henry Fordâs estate at Fair Lane is currently the first barrier fish meet when entering the Rouge River from the Great Lakes and has successfully blocked the passage of aquatic life for over one hundred years.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":3,"length":14,"offset":56},{"key":4,"length":18,"offset":80},{"key":5,"length":1,"offset":196},{"key":6,"length":1,"offset":447},{"key":7,"length":12,"offset":480},{"key":8,"length":1,"offset":669}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/highlight/ford.htm","contents":"âFord River Rouge Complex,â Detroit: A National Register of Historic Travel Itinerary, National Park Service."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"href":"https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/wayne/2018/11/18/rouge-river-channel-sunken/1992047002/","contents":"Jennifer D. Beam and Jeffrey J. Braunscheidel, âRouge River Assessment,â State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Sept. 1998, 51; Keith Matheny, âSubmerged oddities will be pulled from the Rouge River â including 8 cars,â Detroit Free Press, Nov. 19, 2018."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://www.allianceofrougecommunities.com/PDFs/WMP/Final%206-21-12/chapter_2_Characteristics_7-06-12.pdf","contents":"Alliance of Rouge Communities, âChapter 2: Characteristics of the Rouge Watershed,â Watershed Management Plan, June 21, 2012, 2-9."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"slug":"46781884-0f18-481e-b39a-75c0b69e20c5"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"slug":"5fde8d51-b1b6-4f7f-a6ef-a71cd9435414"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"href":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/dnr/SR22_542281_7.pdf","contents":"Jennifer D. Beam and Jeffrey J. Braunscheidel, âRouge River Assessment,\" State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Sept. 1998, 22."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"6":{"data":{"href":"https://u.osu.edu/enrfishtax/2017/11/01/migratory-fish-of-the-great-lakes/","contents":"âMigratory fish of the Great Lakes,â Fish Tales for Ohio, The Ohio State University College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, Nov. 1, 2017."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"7":{"data":{"slug":"a909084a-4364-4168-98ba-bad8d08fa448"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"8":{"data":{"href":"https://www.glri.us/node/156","contents":"âRestoration of Fish Passage at the Henry Ford Estate Dam â Rouge River Area of Concern,â Great Lakes Restoration, Nov. 20, 2018."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"6928":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"6928","id":6928,"pageId":1964,"position":3,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"mdQebJZ/poBlGDlKJpwAVA==","data":{},"text":"During the post-war construction boom, the Rouge River saw development on its banks and beyond. The Rouge River Watershed is considered âthe most urbanized of Michiganâs major river basinsâ due in large part to a high density of residential lands and commercial development.° By 2011, âdeveloped landâ accounted for 84% of the watershed.° With development comes impervious surfaces, or surfaces like asphalt, cement, or buildings that prevent rain from soaking into the ground. Instead of entering the river gradually via groundwater, stormwater collects on and runs over impervious surfaces, which frequently contain pollutants like oil, bacteria, and debris that the stormwater picks up as it flows downhill into the river, unfiltered.° More cars on the road meant more auto fluids, gas, rubber, and paint finding their way from vehicles to roadways, and eventually into the Rouge. Stormwater quickly entering the river over surfaces like this can disrupt its natural flow. Aquatic organisms rely greatly on specific flow patterns. For example, eggs and young offspring of native fish, adapted to low-flow habitats, can be washed away by high flows.° This not only reduces populations of native fish, but also reduces competition and frees up more resources for introduced species that may be more tolerant of high-flow environments.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":274},{"key":1,"length":14,"offset":286},{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":337},{"key":3,"length":19,"offset":362},{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":737},{"key":5,"length":1,"offset":1151}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"c2v9c","data":{},"text":"This map shows the reach of the Rouge River system in 1905. Look closely at the parts that have been buried or built over for development. Only an estimated 4.2% of the watershed remains wetland as of 2020, while at least 10% of a watershedâs land should be wetland for the watershed to be considered healthy.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":6,"length":8,"offset":0},{"key":7,"length":15,"offset":179},{"key":8,"length":1,"offset":309}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"2pd21","data":{},"text":"During the 1940s and 50s, developers valued the Rouge River as real estate, ignoring critical ecosystem services such as water filtration and flood control. Wetlands naturally provide these services. Wetlands slow the flow of stormwater, moderate river levels, and remove nutrients and pollutants from the water by absorbing them into the soil.° High flows, paired with increased input from stormwater, lead to erosion of the remaining stream- and riverbanks, scouring of the streambed, and the destruction of riffles and pools that provide necessary habitats.° Erosion of the banks not only destroys the sides of the river, but also introduces extra sediments into the water. Increased sedimentation also came from construction projects along the Rouge, especially in suburban watershed communities experiencing population booms.° More sediment prevents light from reaching aquatic plants, decreases visibility for fish, and clogs drains, leading to even more flooding.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":9,"length":8,"offset":157},{"key":10,"length":9,"offset":200},{"key":11,"length":1,"offset":344},{"key":12,"length":1,"offset":560},{"key":13,"length":1,"offset":830},{"key":14,"length":1,"offset":970}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://www.oakgov.com/advantageoakland/resources/Documents/Maps/rgc_plan.pdf","contents":"Paul Rentschler and John Simpson, âRiparian and Aquatic Habitat Inventory \u0026 Management Plan: Rouge Green Corridor Urban Habitat Conservation \u0026 Stewardship Project,â ASTI Environmental, Nov. 28, 2020, 27."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"66fb5c2c-941a-4229-bf06-56487fc4d968"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1050753","contents":"Jacob Napieralski, Ryan Keeling, Mitchell Dziekan, Chad Rhodes, Andres Kelly, Kelly Kobberstad, âUrban Stream Deserts as a Consequence of Excess Stream Burial in Urban Watersheds,â Annals of the Association of American Geographers, July 1, 2015, vol. 105, 649-664."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"slug":"5987fe01-52cf-41e6-967c-078089b7932f"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"href":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2018.1528816","contents":"J. Ridgeway, K. Cave, A. DeMaria, J. OâMeara \u0026 J. H. Hartig, âThe Rouge River Area of Concern â A mutli-year, multi-level successful approach to restoration of Impaired Beneficial Uses,â Aquatic Ecosystem Health \u0026 Management, March 18, 2019, vol. 21, 398-408."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"href":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/dnr/SR22_542281_7.pdf","contents":"Larry R. Brown, Tim Ford, âEffects of flow on the fish communities of a regulated California river: implications for managing native fishes,â River Research and Applications, May 15, 2002; Jennifer D. Beam and Jeffrey J. Braunscheidel, âRouge River Assessment,â Sate of Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Sept. 1998, 32."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"6":{"data":{"slug":"a3a0891d-c1a5-4fae-8019-d1331ded70a1"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"7":{"data":{"slug":"74db2865-a8d3-4534-a677-6fcf762d21fd"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"8":{"data":{"href":"https://www.sourcewater.ca/en/source-protection-areas/resources/Documents/Grand/Grand_Reports_Characterization.pdf","contents":"\"Grand River Watershed Characterization Report,\" Lake Erie Source Protection Region Technical Team, Grand River Conservation Authority, 28, 2008, https://www.sourcewater.ca/en/source-protection-areas/resources/Documents/Grand/Grand_Reports_Characterization.pdf.."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"9":{"data":{"slug":"d24db3a5-b736-4c9d-90dd-dda7c085a974"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"10":{"data":{"slug":"d13809d2-aa1e-4bea-bbb3-e393c6be3d28"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"11":{"data":{"href":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.617.7399\u0026rep=rep1\u0026type=pdf","contents":"Douglas L. Denison, Donald L. Tilton, âThe Effectiveness of Freshwater Wetlands for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control in the Rouge River Watershed,â The Rouge River National Wet Weather Demonstration Project, 3-9."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"12":{"data":{"href":"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-10/documents/rouge_river_aoc_fw_plan_addendum_2018.pdf","contents":"Jennifer Tewkesbury, âDelisting Targets for Fish
155/Wildlife Habitat and Population Beneficial Use Impairments for the Rouge River Area of Concern Addendum,\" Office of the Great Lakes, Great Lakes Management Unit, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, March 1, 2018, 11, 34."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"13":{"data":{"href":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/dnr/SR22_542281_7.pdf","contents":"Jennifer D. Beam and Jeffrey J. Braunscheidel, âRouge River Assessment,â State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Sept. 1998, 23."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"14":{"data":{"href":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/npstbx/files/KSMO_Sediment.pdf","contents":" âWhat is Sediment Pollution?â Mid America Regional Council, https://cfpub.epa.gov/npstbx/files/KSMO_Sediment.pdf."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5345":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5345","id":5345,"pageId":1964,"position":1,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"j7INf04O/NENlT5Hv5nEMg==","data":{},"text":"After World War II, several factors combined to create the phenomenon which has shaped the landscape of major American cities to this day: suburbanization. Factors leading to suburbanization included soldiers returning from the war who required housing that crowded cities could not provide, the American public suddenly having more money and fewer restrictions on what they could spend it on, and national investment in the construction of freeways.° Detroit and its surrounding communities were no exception to this trend. The cityâs population in 1950 was over 1.8 million, and new homes were built in the only place with space for them: outside the city.° Suburban homes allowed some residents to live in higher quality buildings in low-density areas. More disposable incomeâand an auto industry looking to continue its wartime successâalso meant more middle-class Americans could purchase vehicles and utilize new roadways to travel into cities for work rather than living within them. The post-war years also marked an economic decline within Detroit itself, as manufacturing jobs become automated and moved into the suburbs. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":15,"offset":139},{"key":1,"length":1,"offset":450},{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":658}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"97a8d176-fe0e-4896-bf9e-4fdd8be85873"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"href":"https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1045\u0026context=fypapers","contents":"Seth Browner, âThe Post-World War II Suburb in the United States,â Trinity College, 2012, 1-4."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://permanent.fdlp.gov/lps75196/twps0076.pdf","contents":" Campell Gibson and Kay Jung, âHistorical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Races, 1970 to 1990, and by Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States,â U.S. Census Bureau Population Division, Feb. 2005, Table 23."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"6973":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"6973","id":6973,"pageId":1965,"position":2,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"EUgX8+C2lq15hT+q+bSUaA==","data":{},"text":"Detroit in the 1960s remained much as it had in the previous decade. Some Black families purchased homes in Black neighborhoods, while pioneers into white neighborhoods faced racial violence. Generally, they remained restricted to low-quality, over-crowded, and high-rent buildings.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"cjtkt","data":{},"text":"Detroitâs economy continued to decline as automation replaced human labor and industries left the city. Between 1958 and 1982, 187,000 jobs left the city.° Work remained segregated, and young Black Detroiters faced high rates of unemployment.° By the end of the 1960s, 19.7% of Black autoworkers were unemployed, in contrast to only 5.8% of white autoworkers.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":154},{"key":1,"length":1,"offset":242},{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":359}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"2dm06","data":{},"text":"Frustration over inadequate housing, high unemployment, decades of violence, and the lack of real change eventually culminated in widespread civil disorder. A police raid in an underground bar sparked the 1967 unrest. The violence lasted for five days, involved over 17,000 troops, killed 43, injured over 1,000, and destroyed over 1,000 buildings.° During the uprising, paranoia over potential âsnipersâ encouraged the indiscriminate shooting of Black people by police. The Algiers Motel shootings became the most infamous example of this.° Widespread accusations of brutality by the overwhelmingly white police force and federal troops damaged relations between the Black community and law enforcement, and played a part in the 1974 election of Detroitâs first Black mayor, Coleman Young, who advocated fiercely for an integrated police force.° ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":3,"length":11,"offset":205},{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":348},{"key":5,"length":13,"offset":475},{"key":6,"length":1,"offset":488},{"key":7,"length":1,"offset":540},{"key":8,"length":1,"offset":845}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"3kojq","data":{},"text":"See what the documents had to say about the urban unrest in 1967â
15568 here.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":9,"length":4,"offset":68}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cico.12053","contents":"Joe T. Darden and Richard W. Thomas, Detroit: Race Riots, Racial Conflicts, and Efforts to Bridge the Racial Divide, (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press), 2013, 82."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"href":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cico.12053","contents":"Joe T. Darden and Richard W. Thomas, Detroit: Race Riots, Racial Conflicts, and Efforts to Bridge the Racial Divide, (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press), 2013, 6-7."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cico.12053","contents":"Joe T. Darden and Richard W. Thomas, Detroit: Race Riots, Racial Conflicts, and Efforts to Bridge the Racial Divide, (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press), 2013, 86-87."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"slug":"9a643237-4213-4792-92e9-585d40f2c4ad"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"href":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cico.12053","contents":"Joe T. Darden and Richard W. Thomas, Detroit: Race Riots, Racial Conflicts, and Efforts to Bridge the Racial Divide, (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press), 2013, 1."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"slug":"906f7d9d-f5d7-4db4-ae3c-476f0f041c57"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"6":{"data":{"url":"https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/07/24/algiers-motel-raid/103945898/","href":"https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/07/24/algiers-motel-raid/103945898/"},"type":"LINK","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"7":{"data":{"href":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cico.12053","contents":"Joe T. Darden and Richard W. Thomas, Detroit: Race Riots, Racial Conflicts, and Efforts to Bridge the Racial Divide, (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press), 2013, 40-41."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"8":{"data":{"href":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cico.12053","contents":"Joe T. Darden and Richard W. Thomas, Detroit: Race Riots, Racial Conflicts, and Efforts to Bridge the Racial Divide, (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press), 2013, 66."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"9":{"data":{"slug":"49e6b2a7-5edb-4238-9507-7b774a763d64"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"}}}},"5505":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5505","id":5505,"pageId":1963,"position":2,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"DS2aPEEurrNow183QDbFeg==","data":{},"text":"Between the World Wars, due to the migration of Black families from the South seeking jobs and escaping racial violence, immigration from eastern Europe, and domestic migration of rural white families, Detroitâs population grew to 1,623,452 people. Of these, 90.7% were white, 9.2% Black, 0.1% Asian and Pacific Islander, and .02% Native American. Detroit remained segregated by both race and ethnicity. Race-restrictive covenants used âracial incompatibilityâ as the basis for excluding Black Detroiters from white neighborhoods like Warren and Dearborn.° This practice limited the ability of Black residents to rent or purchase housing in white neighborhoods. While European immigrants frequently settled in ethnic neighborhoods like Hamtramck, Highland Park, and Corktown, they were not barred from purchasing or renting in other areas.° Attempts by Black people to move into white neighborhoods, however, resulted in violent intimidation and murder.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":9,"offset":231},{"key":1,"length":1,"offset":555},{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":839},{"key":3,"length":44,"offset":909},{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":953}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"arjn3","data":{},"text":"New Deal housing development further entrenched racial segregation by introducing federally mandated guidelines that blocked mortgages in âhigh risk, or non-white, areas. This meant that Black applicants were ineligible for federally-backed mortgages to purchase or renovate homes in and around Detroit. It also hardened racial lines in mixed neighborhoods deemed âinfiltratedâ by non-whites. These policies, which would become known collectively as âredlining,â argued that such mixing would lead âto instability and a reduction in value.â° These practices cemented anti-Black exclusion, leading to overcrowding in Black neighborhoods and, in one instance, to a physical wall between Black and white neighborhoods. This, and the privileging of new housing developments in the whites-only suburban fringe, meant that Black families could not participate in the exp
155ansion of home ownership. For Black residents trapped in segregated neighborhoods, housing policies and the influx of wartime workers meant overcrowding, exploitative rent costs, and low-quality housing. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":5,"length":1,"offset":540},{"key":6,"length":15,"offset":661}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"3q6um","data":{},"text":"In addition to being relegated to substandard housing, Black Detroiters also lived further away from their jobs than their white counterparts and worked in more hazardous conditions. Black auto workers were typically given lower wages for dangerous, undesirable work with heavy machinery and hazardous chemicals, exposing them to short- and long-term harm. While white Detroiters migrated to the suburbs, away from the crowding of urban communities, industrial and municipal waste concentrated on the Rouge River, exacerbating exposure to environmental toxins for downriver Black communities.° ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":7,"length":9,"offset":239},{"key":8,"length":1,"offset":592}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"4ca0f466-2237-4cd2-9250-270064a49b99"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"href":"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo5298959.html","contents":"David M. P. Freund, Colored Property: State Policy and White Racial Politics in Suburban America, (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2007) 4, 16."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/50936/161.pdf;sequence=1","contents":"Oliver Zunz, âDetroit's Ethnic Neighborhoods at the End of the Nineteenth Century,â (Ph.D. diss, University of Michigan, 1978)."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"slug":"44a20516-d9d6-4d23-a689-d924f2512364"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"href":"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo5298959.html","contents":"David M. P. Freund, Colored Property: State Policy and White Racial Politics in Suburban America, (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2007), 2."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"href":"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo5298959.html","contents":"FHA, Underwriting Manual: Underwriting and Valuation Procedure under Title II of the National Housing Act (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1936), pt. 2, secs. 229 and 233. See also sec. 266 (on keeping âincompatible racial element[s]â out of the schools) and sec. 284(3)(gâh), quoted in David M. P. Freund, Colored Property: State Policy and White Racial Politics in Suburban America, (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2007), 35."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"6":{"data":{"slug":"2866fe3e-8569-408f-a18b-7c7c9391047d"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"7":{"data":{"slug":"4d69b301-96aa-4cbf-8fe2-af654c2a3284"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"8":{"data":{"href":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2737\u0026context=oa_dissertations","contents":"Josiah Rector, âAccumulating Risk: Environmental Justice and the History of Capitalism in Detroit, 1880-2015,â dissertation, Wayne State University, 2017, 67, 70, 75-76, 79, 92."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5528":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5528","id":5528,"pageId":1969,"position":5,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"iPVlSOmzpCNLq2w48A9Q+Q==","data":{},"text":"Combined Sewer Overflows","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":24,"offset":0}]},{"key":"7uu00","data":{},"text":"1. Turn off all layers except âRouge River, Creeks, and Tributariesâ and âRouge Watershed Outline, including Combined Sewer Contributions.â ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"aplth","data":{},"text":"2. Turn on âUncontrolled CSO Outfalls to the Rouge River.â Note where most of the CSOs are generally concentrated. Find the city of Redford, where multiple CSOs are located. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"2p9vj","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":11,"offset":0}]},{"key":"c6l7t","data":{},"text":"Based on the flow direction of the Rouge River, name three other communities in the watershed which w
155ould be affected by the CSOs in the city of Redford. Name three cities in the watershed which would not be directly affected in some way by these uncontrolled CSO outfalls. Discuss the purposes and effects of CSOs. Which city or general region in the watershed is most affected by the watershedâs CSOs? What is the problem with removing CSOs?","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"4olut","data":{},"text":"3. Leave the previous layer on and turn on the âCSO Retention Basins.â Remember that these basins are meant to help limit the effects of CSOs. Compare the locations of the basins to the locations of the uncontrolled CSOs. These basins can hold millions of gallons of stormwater. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"3q5ui","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":10,"offset":0}]},{"key":"b663q","data":{},"text":"Do you think there is an adequate number of basins? If not, where would you put more? ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"5530":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5530","id":5530,"pageId":1969,"position":7,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"LRXN9MQ9oftJj2QlA2zXwA==","data":{},"text":"Demographics and Environmental Justice","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":38,"offset":0}]},{"key":"5pfn8","data":{},"text":"1. Turn off all layers except âRouge River, Creeks, and Tributariesâ and âRouge Watershed Outline, including Combined Sewer Contributions.â","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"59t9b","data":{},"text":"2. Turn on the âIncome, Median by Householdâ layer and expand the menu for that layer. Note regions with higher and lower median incomes. You can also look at the âPoverty, Percent of Population under Poverty Levelâ layer, but will have to turn off the âIncome, Median by Householdâ layer to view it. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"c57gb","data":{},"text":"Question: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":10,"offset":0}]},{"key":"4m25r","data":{},"text":"What general trend do you see in relation to the Rouge River within these two layers? ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"9lrr","data":{},"text":"3. Turn off the previous layers. Turn on the layer âHispanic or Latino/a, Percent of Population.â ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"2nm45","data":{},"text":"Question: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":9,"offset":0}]},{"key":"bqkmq","data":{},"text":"Where on the Rouge is the community with the highest Hispanic or Latino population? ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":1,"offset":85}]},{"key":"bnfng","data":{},"text":"Turn this layer off. Turn on the âBlack, Percent of Population.â ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"3n4pa","data":{},"text":"Question: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":9,"offset":0}]},{"key":"85n20","data":{},"text":"Where on the Rouge is the region with the highest population of Black residents? Based on what you read in the case study, discuss the historical events that lead to this pattern still existing today. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"cgs0m","data":{},"text":"4. Select at least two of the previous topics (Land Use Change, Wetlands, Combined Sewer Overflows, and/or Recreation) and discuss how the trends you observed in those cards relate to the trends youâve observed in this card in the context of environmental justice. Draw upon any additional information you have from the case or prior knowledge as well. Aside from simply providing additional funding to the regions experiencing environmental justice, what else would you do to aid both the Rouge and the residents in these areas? What recommendations would you make to ensure the Rouge River communities could use the riverâs ecosystem services in an equitable way? ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]}],"entityMap":{}}},"7014":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"7014","id":7014,"pageId":1968,"position":6,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"s8JW97slz4ds7IpGJLEIZA==","data":{}
155,"text":"Among Rouge communities, environmental justice is a work in progress. Forty years after the Clean Water Act called for all water in the United States to be âfishable and swimmable,â downstream communities remain in worse condition than their wealthier, whiter, upstream counterparts, and often carry the physical and financial burden of pollution exposure and clean-up.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":21,"offset":25},{"key":1,"length":16,"offset":52}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"5v82e","data":{},"text":"Cleaning already contaminated sediments is an important part of building a healthy environment in and around the Rouge. In 2018, the US Environmental Protection Agency partnered with Honeywell, Inc. to remove some of the contaminated sediments from the riverbed in downtown Detroit. The company volunteered over $20 million for the project, which was also funded by the EPA, even though Honeywell is not one of historic polluters of the area.° The project also involves dredging and removing large waste like cars and telephone poles from the Rougeâs Old Channel in Detroit. While projects like this improve the Rougeâs environment, it is important to note that when cleanup on the Rouge (or anywhere) does occur, the pollutants do not simply disappear. They just get placed somewhere else. The waste from the Old Channel was dumped in a landfill in South Rockwood, MI, one of communities furthest downstream in the Huron River watershed, which is dealing with its own pollution problems.° What, then, is meant by the word âcleanupâ in this and other rivers? Which communities are responsibleâall contributors or only those knee-deep in the muck? Who decides the proper place to store the removed waste, and who has to live beside it? ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":442},{"key":3,"length":21,"offset":916},{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":988}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"fev59","data":{},"text":"What can be done? A first step is âto come to terms with [the river] as a whole, as an organic machine, not only as a reflection of our own social divisions but as the site in which these divisions play out.â° The downstream areas of the Rouge which suffer most greatly are not inherently worse than the other, less degraded parts, but have become that way because society decided they would. This is not a flaw of the Rouge. Rather, it is a design of the society in which the communitiesâand the riverâare embedded. Social decisions regarding the value of industry and prosperity of privileged communities over the health and wellbeing of minority communities have been written and amplified in the water. As University of Toronto professor Michelle Murphy writes, âWhat happens to the water is what happens to its relations. This includes you too. On the Great Lakes, chemical violence always also involves relations to settler colonialism and white supremacy that nonconsensually inhabit bodies and territories, repeatedly concentrating and distributing harms and benefits.â°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":5,"length":1,"offset":208},{"key":6,"length":17,"offset":870},{"key":7,"length":1,"offset":1077}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"a5ab5816-a853-495a-8e9a-c8ea1e6ef840"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"5919a5ae-0c65-4b4e-aa80-c7a08358db9a"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2020/01/zug-island-history-sediment-cleanup-detroit-rouge-river/","contents":"John Hartig, âGreat Lakes Moment: $50 Million sediment cleanup on Rouge River Old Channel will become a model,â Great Lakes Now, January 6, 2020."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"slug":"c82e127f-1617-45b8-946d-5ed821072fe1"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"href":"https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2020/01/zug-island-history-sediment-cleanup-detroit-rouge-river/","contents":"John Hartig, âGreat Lakes Moment: $50 Million sediment cleanup on Rouge River Old Channel will become a model,â Great Lakes Now, January 6, 2020."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"contents":"Richard White, The Organic Machine, (New York, Hill and Wang, 1996), 113."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"6":{"data":{"slug":"fda31e55-cd29-4eeb-820b-beb54704d05e"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"7":{"data":{"href":"http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-1717","contents":"Michelle Murphy, âAlterlife and Decolonial Chemical Relations,â University of Toronto, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-1717."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5347":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5347","id":5347,"pageId":1966,"position":1,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"c+60W82wr04yOWLR
155dhPrDQ==","data":{},"text":"Environmental disasters of the 1960s slowly garnered attention from the public, leading to a national movement pushing for legislation to regulate polluters and protect the environment. Rachel Carsonâs 1962 book, Silent Spring, gave the American public its first look at the way pesticides like DDT impacted their own health and the health of other organisms. A federal investigation into the use of pesticides followed, which led to the subsequent ban on DDT in 1972. The federal government also passed numerous amendments to previously toothless environmental legislation alongside new laws, including the Clean Air Act in 1963, the Water Quality Act and the Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Act in 1965, and the Endangered Species Act in 1966. In 1970, Americans celebrated the first national Earth Day with teach-ins and demonstrations covering environmental issues. Earth Day popularized the environmental movement and provided the push for further change.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":13,"offset":213},{"key":1,"length":24,"offset":776}],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":14,"offset":213}]},{"key":"7m49l","data":{},"text":"Environmental legislation targeting water quality benefited the Great Lakes in general and provided a legal framework for holding polluters to account and funding clean-up of the Rouge River. In 1972, Congress amended the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 to become the Clean Water Act. This act allowed more in-depth regulation of pollution discharge and allocated funds for sewage treatment plants.° That year, the United States and Canada signed the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, committing to reducing waste in the Great Lakes and investing more in water treatment plants. An update in 1987 established the Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOC), specific regions of the Great Lakes which were so degraded that they required special attention to restore.° The Rouge River was one of 43 such areas.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":2,"length":15,"offset":280},{"key":3,"length":1,"offset":410},{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":771}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"28d159ac-ea47-41db-835b-b653dc4edb56"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"14d22910-53fb-42c9-9e10-a6fda3e057e4"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"slug":"bf5637f4-ca9f-44e8-8d20-206a3d98e2c5"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"href":"https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/history-clean-water-act","contents":" âHistory of the Clean Water Act,â United States Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/history-clean-water-act."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"href":"https://www.ijc.org/en/what/glwqa-history","contents":"âHistory of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement,â International Joint Commission, 2020, https://www.ijc.org/en/what/glwqa-history."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"6976":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"6976","id":6976,"pageId":1965,"position":5,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"AXUsoHoc0C7zuaJ97lbQ3g==","data":{},"text":"Both the cityâs people and its river, after enduring years of abuse and neglect, ended the 1960s in flames. It became increasingly clear that both were victims of a system that long prioritized profit and power over the equitable treatment of the landscape and its people. Black Detroiters faced environmental inequalities alongside social and economic ones. While white Detroiters moved out of the crowded city and into homes in new suburbs, de jure and de facto discriminatory practices kept Black Detroiters inside the city. With minimal greenspace, Black Detroiters were trapped in a concrete jungle fed by a toxic river. When a regional park system developed between the 1940s and the 1960s, the committee in charge of establishing parks within and around the city spent most of its resources developing greenspaces in the suburbs, while Detroit taxpayers footed most of the bill.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":885}],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":7,"offset":443},{"style":"ITALIC","length":9,"offset":455}]},{"key":"i55m","data":{},"text":"The Rouge, completely unrecognizable as a river downstream, continued to be viewed as one thing: a cog in the machine of progress. Its importance as an ecosystem with unique services to all the life in and around its banks was not valued by human developers. After severely impairing the Rougeâs natural flood control system in previous decades, developers dealt with the consequences by further altering the river. The story of the Rouge and Detroit in the 1960s is a clear example of environmental racism that would take decades to even begin to address.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://upittpress.org/books/9780822945727/","contents":"Joseph S. Cialdella, Motor City Green: A Century of Landscapes and Environmentalism in Detroit, (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020), 109-135, doi:10.2307/j.ctvwrm68j, https://upittpress.org/books/9780822945727/."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5342":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5342","id":5342,"pageId":1961,"position":2,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"GBJNlZlHMFFojRjGAMd+sQ==","data":{},"text":"Explore this timeline to read about some of the major events that sparked change along the Rouge River. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":13,"offset":8}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"cbd41b08-35cb-467b-b2bb-b9ccb33ad241"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"}}}},"5493":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5493","id":5493,"pageId":1962,"position":5,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"AsqVCpRNFCe2Jm6uCU0oxQ==","data":{},"text":"From its earliest days as a colonial space, race and ethnicity have determined where and how its inhabitants lived, whether forcibly removed, violently segregated, industriously employed, or lavishly wealthy. Since the late nineteenth century, the Rouge River has been a fully industrialized space, importing raw materials from around the world and exporting finished products like fertilizers, paper, and automobiles. Pollution and alteration from domestic and world trade strained the riverâs capacity to function as a whole, limiting the types of fish, plants, and macroinvertebrates that could exist there, and âtrade [became] a powerful new source of ecological change.â° At the same time, though, changes on the Rouge allowed for economic growth of the region and provided thousands of jobs and homes. It drew migrants to establish communities there, some of which still flourish in and define the area. The Rouge Riverâs services provided the means and space for industry to grow in southeastern Michigan and created the modern city of Detroit.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":675}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://www.williamcronon.net/writing/cronon_kennecott_journey.pdf","contents":"William Cronon, âKennecott Journey: The Paths out of Town,â Under an Open Sky: Rethinking Americaâs Western Past, W.W. Norton \u0026 Company, 1992, 37."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5346":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5346","id":5346,"pageId":1965,"position":1,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"nkqwY8cAcMyfSZP0hzm8JA==","data":{},"text":"Across the United States, the 1960s and 1970s were a time of change. Social activism including anti-war, feminist, environmental, and civil rights movements gained momentum. Building on the civil rights actions of the 1950s, Black Americans organized behind community leaders like Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcom X. People across the country participated in protests, sit-ins, and boycotts, and around 250,000 joined Kingâs March on Was
155hington in 1963. The same year, a march he led in Detroit brought similar numbers. While these protests forced important political progress, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, urban Black residents remained disadvantaged. Frustration over the slow pace of progress and the lack of social and economic justice led to the growth of the Black Power Movement. Uprisings in dozens of US cities in 1963 were met with police brutality and military responses that galvanized the Black power movement and led to the growth of the Black Panther Party in 1966. âRace riotsâ broke out across the country, and in 1967, Detroit saw some of its greatest civil unrest during the five days that became known as the Detroit Race Riots, Detroit Rebellion, or Detroit Uprising. Two years later, the Rouge River caught fire. Like the thousands of Black Detroiters calling for justice, the riverâs own cries for help went largely ignored for years, resulting in flames and destruction. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":19,"offset":431},{"key":1,"length":20,"offset":814},{"key":2,"length":19,"offset":1001}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"d73201c9-24fb-4102-a018-a400049d53d4"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"723637e6-99c7-4c70-a32b-1790961954b7"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"slug":"3b763117-2656-4338-9fdf-fd2c32abcf96"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"}}}},"5523":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5523","id":5523,"pageId":1967,"position":8,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"w86piot783fe8Fqxfn1Cdw==","data":{},"text":"6. Zoom out to view the whole watershed again. Much of the watershed is contained within Wayne County, which borders the Detroit River and is home to the cities of Detroit, Dearborn, and Livonia. Find Wayne Countyâs northern border with Macomb County and Oakland County. County borders are shown with dashed white lines. Highway M-102, also known as 8 Mile Road, runs along the border and has historically been regarded as the dividing line between Detroit and its northern suburbs. Note the names of some of the communities you see on either side of this line. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":3,"offset":0}]},{"key":"5h2r6","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":11,"offset":0}]},{"key":"5n8um","data":{},"text":"Aside from it marking the boundaries of the counties, why do you think 8 Mile is seen as a dividing line in this region?","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"5504":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5504","id":5504,"pageId":1962,"position":3,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"56wQZEr0tisdUST+bK9BHw==","data":{},"text":"These two survey maps from 1897 and 1911 show industries abutting the Rouge River along with planned projects to deepen channels, widen stretches of the river, and create short-cut canals to facilitate industrial shipping.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":4,"offset":27},{"key":1,"length":4,"offset":36}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"4440e2bb-8447-40c0-8dbb-8c09c3396515"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"6ab72d9a-424f-4fc8-b79f-8a8d24253ebe"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"}}}},"5526":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5526","id":5526,"pageId":1969,"position":3,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"QBtowbrUnrwjmKSnjpr/wA==","data":{},"text":"Land-Use Change","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":15,"offset":0}]},{"key":"2she1","data":{},"text":"1. Open the pull-out menu in the upper left corner of the screen. Click on the âLegendâ tab. Turn off all layers except âRouge River, Creeks, and Tributariesâ and âRouge Watershed Outline, including Combined Sewer Contributions,â located at the very bottom of the list.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"c2cqm","data":{},"text":"2. Turn on the âLand Cover Circa 1800â layer and click on the arrow adjacent to it to expand the dropdown menu to see the color key. You can also click on the color patches on the map to see their designations. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"ds3b","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":11,"offset":0}]},{"key":"bqnoc","data":{},"text":"What are some of the most prominent land types? Note the locations and areas of forests, marshes, and swamps. Recall that this is the time period before the introduction of large-scale industrialization in the region. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"34mqr","data":{},"text":"3. Turn off the âLand Cover Circa 1800â layer and turn on the â2011 Land Coverâ layer and expand the dropdown menu. By 2011, the watershed had experienced industry and development for over 100 years. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"f8min","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":10,"offset":0}]},{"key":"eaqiq","data":{},"text":"Compare this map to the last one. What are the most prominent land types now? Where are they located in relation to the Rouge River? How have the land types changed since 1800? Generally, where are green patches (representing remaining forested land) located? You may need to zoom in and move around the map to see them. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"bgnu8","data":{},"text":"4. Turn off â2011 Land Coverâ as well as âRouge River, Creeks, and Tributariesâ for the moment. Turn on âGhost Streams and Living Streams.â Blue indicates present-day streams, and orange indicates ghost streams. Ghost streams are parts of a river system which no longer exist. Those pictured here are streams which were present in 1908 but are not anymore. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"7o44e","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":10,"offset":0}]},{"key":"872s7","data":{},"text":"Based on the locations of these ghost streams and the information you read in the case, what do you think caused these streams to disappear? What effects do you think their disappearance had on the river, including on its physical characteristics and on the residents, human and nonhuman?","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"6860":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"6860","id":6860,"pageId":1961,"position":1,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"m/GS/dZ/9wpRCHQpWQzscg==","data":{},"text":"The geography that cradles the Rouge was shaped by glaciers thousands of years ago. As these glaciers receded, they revealed a newly formed, gently sloping landscape.° The watershed was once filled with a myriad of ecosystems and species, drawing countless springs into a meandering river. The glacial soils and sloped lowlands provided the perfect home for forests and wetlands alike, where humans could flourish alongside other animal and plant life. Before the heavy industrialization of the 1800s, hickory, basswood, and oak trees populated the landscape, along with beech and sugar maple forests. Thousands of acres of wetlands, marshes, and grassy wet prairies also occupied the watershed, fed both by groundwater and the Rouge itself when the river inevitably breached its banks and flooded into the surrounding low-lying land.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":166},{"key":1,"length":1,"offset":834}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"f026e","data":{},"text":"People have inhabited the Rouge watershed for most of human history in the Americas, from the early Paleoindians of 14,000 years ago, through the Mississippian civilization of mound builders of the early second millennium CE, to the Anishinaabe people who lived in the Great Lakes region at the time of European colonization beginning in the 1700s. From the beginning of human settlement, the river provided ecosystem services to its human residents. Ecosystem services, or the benefits humans receive either directly or indirectly from their surrounding ecosystems, come in many forms, but can be broken into four general categories: provisioning (things like food, water, and supplies for shelter), regulating (decomposition, flood control, and production of oxygen), cultural (recreation and inspiration for art), and supporting services (nutrient and water cycling).° Ecosystems can provide services like flood control and coast stabilization that would be costly to build. When people put them to work, natural systems like watersheds become infrastru
155cture. As a part of an areaâs ânaturalâ infrastructure, nature itself can be protected and harnessed to fulfill this role. The Rouge can also be thought of as an organic machine, a complex combination of what is outside of human control (the organic) and what humans manipulate and use (the machine).°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":2,"length":18,"offset":408},{"key":3,"length":1,"offset":870},{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":1356}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"eadpv","data":{},"text":"From archaeological and historical records, we know that the Rougeâs ecosystem services have been used by people in diverse ways throughout its history. The people of the Mississippian era, approximately 800-1600 CE, constructed over a dozen large burial mounds along and around what are now the Rouge and Detroit Rivers. The Rougeâs forests were rich with animal and plant life that both Indigenous peoples and European settlers used. The forests provided lumber, beavers provided pelts, and deer and rabbits provided meat. The river itself served as a highway on which to ship goods, and as boats got larger and cargos heavier, colonists began altering the shape of the river. Around the same time, in the mid- to late-1800s, the river became home toâand a dumping ground ofâheavy industry, catapulting it into national and international importance and forever changing the course of its history. Use of the river as a dumping ground and an aquatic highway largely made Michiganâs industrial growth possible at the cost of its potential as natural infrastructure. The river became deeply entangled in the world wars, the shifting population of Southeastern Michigan, and the civil rights and environmental movements. All of this activity dramatically changed the river and its inhabitants. Virtually unrecognizable from the river of just 300 years ago, so polluted it caught fire, the degraded Rouge has recently been at the center of calls for remediation and environmental justice. Keep the Rougeâs ecosystem services, the idea of natural infrastructure, and how residents utilized the Rouge throughout its history in mind while reading through this case. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":5,"length":21,"offset":1463}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/dnr/SR22_542281_7.pdf","contents":"Jennifer D. Beam and Jeffrey J. Braunscheidel, âRouge River Assessment,â State of Michigan Department of Natural Resources, September 1998, 17."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"href":"https://fotr-rep.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=00fd930cc79f4161809c15c4b2a90e60\u0026extent=-84.0416,42.1672,-82.6051,42.6993\u0026home=true\u0026zoom=true\u0026scale=true\u0026search=true\u0026searchextent=true\u0026details=true\u0026legendlayers=true\u0026active_panel=legend\u0026basemap_gallery=true\u0026disable_scroll=true\u0026theme=dark","contents":"Patrick J. Comer, âWetland trends in Michigan since 1800: a preliminary assessment,â Michigan Natural Features Inventory, March 1996, 72-76; âRouge River Digital Terrain Map: Land Cover Circa 1800,â Friends of the Rouge."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"slug":"e32bcb2d-bd07-416a-9633-48ad086adbe0"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"href":"https://www.fs.fed.us/ecosystemservices/About_ES/#:~:text=Provisioning%20Services%20or%20the%20provision,formation%20and%20nutrient%20cycling%3B%20and","contents":"\"More About Ecosystem Services,\" US Department of Agriculture: Forest Service, Oct. 7 2016."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"contents":"Richard White, The Organic Machine, (New York, Hill and Wang, 1996)."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"5":{"data":{"slug":"b9b6a86f-dfe3-4cfb-a75b-3109732c2884"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"}}}},"6979":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"6979","id":6979,"pageId":1966,"position":4,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"AUdowA3wkb1i/WsNqADZFQ==","data":{},"text":"Across the country, Americans rallied around the ideas of environmentalism, and the government answered with federal legislation to protect the nationâs nationâs water, air, plants, and animals. Unfortunately, some citizens were left behind. Many Detroiters were largely unable to participate in calls for environmental reform in their own community. In a city facing a shrinking and poverty-stricken population, and therefore a loss of municipal funds, restoring greenspace was notâand could not beâa priority for the local government.° Even as upstream Rouge c
155ommunities organized cleanup and monitoring to protect their river, downstream communities continued to face the consequences of Rouge pollution without the resources to participate in its remediation. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":536}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"contents":"Joseph S. Cialdella, âMetropolitan Parks and Regional Inequality,â Motor City Green, 2020, 134-135."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"7133":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"7133","id":7133,"pageId":2609,"position":1,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"TyWeKM7uixYRxWZuQl1SNQ==","data":{},"text":"The Rougeâs story is complex. On the one hand, itâs a success story. A river that once caught fire can becomeâwith the help of concerned citizens and plenty of time and moneyâa community rallying point and a symbol of ecological restoration. Green spaces can be replanted, soils reclaimed. Harmful infrastructure can be eliminated or updated with the whole ecosystem in mind. Toxic sediments can be removed (albeit simply put someplace else).","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"8vuam","data":{},"text":"On the other hand, it is precisely the pace and location of this recovery which mars the Rougeâs complete comeback tale. The Clean Water Act called for all water in the United States to be âfishable and swimmableâ within 20 years. Nearly 40 years later, the Rouge is certainly in better shape than it was, but waters downriver remain toxic and unsafe. After about 30 years as a designated AOC, none of the nine Beneficial Use Impairments have been removed, and the Rouge is far from being delisted as an Area of Concern.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"4pccn","data":{},"text":"Notably, most of the cleaner, restored sections of the river are found upstream, home to the wealthier, whiter, less densely populated suburbs of Detroit. Areas still suffering disproportionately from pollutants are found downstream in poorer communities with predominately African American, minority, and immigrant populations. How much does this disparity owe to the simple physics and hydrology of upstream and downstream systems? How much to racism, classism, and historical circumstance?","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"bhcfk","data":{},"text":"As this case illustrates, the diverse human population inhabiting the watershed is just as responsible for its restoration as for its degradation. River and residents are inextricably tied, extentions of one another. Perhaps, then, the most important thing the Rouge teaches us about ecosystems is that they are both resilient and adaptable. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"dva1p","data":{},"text":"What does balance between restoration and utilization, preservation and modification, and an acceptable level of exchange between the river and its communities look like? Who gets to make these decisions? Will the river accept or resist these decisions, and, considering the scope and power of Mother Nature, to what degree does humanityâs opinion matter in situations like these?","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"7134":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"7134","id":7134,"pageId":2609,"position":2,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"qsdjoW/W40sR8TVShNY0oQ==","data":{},"text":"Deciding whichâand whoseâneeds to prioritize demands significant sacrifices from all involved, and any decision made will have drastically different effects on the future of the Rouge and those beside it.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"89agm","data":{},"text":"An integrated approach to restoring the Rouge could end up benefitting the downstream communities that have historically suffered the most. With the increased threat of destructive flooding in the region due to climate change, how could utilizing the Rouge River Watershed as natural infrastru
155cture help mitigate the damage? Specifically, what role could restored wetlands and their ecosystem services of filtration and flood-control play? And, how might downstream communities historically deprived of accessible greenspaces benefit from their presence?","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"c3d6v","data":{},"text":"These services are long-term investments, however, and in a region suffering in recent decades from economic downturns and unemployment, short-term promises of growth and development cannot â and should not â be ignored. What consequences might there be to restoration? Are the potential benefits worth the potential consequences? Is it fair to force this difficult choice onto communities only very partially responsible for the environment they have inherited and suffered from? Even if it is not, can it be avoided? ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"5n5bk","data":{},"text":"What does a more equitable Rouge River look like, and how does it get there? ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"5518":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5518","id":5518,"pageId":1967,"position":3,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"bFgVX1N00vhIURBhbZqkag==","data":{},"text":"1. This map shows the extent of the Rouge River watershed in Southeast Michigan. The blue lines on the map represent the Rouge River and its branches and tributaries. The bold yellow line surrounding the rest of the graphics indicates the border of the watershed. Note the shape and expansiveness of the river. The Rouge has multiple âbeginningsâ on the western side of the watershed and eventually flows southeast into the Detroit River. Find Detroit on the map and follow the Detroit River south by southwest until you come upon the Rouge Riverâs mouth into the Detroit River. Look for âZug Island.â You may need to zoom in and turn off the layer titled âContours 10ft (from USGS 1 3 Arc Second DEM).â ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]}],"entityMap":{}}},"6927":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"6927","id":6927,"pageId":1964,"position":2,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"qiBdo3S50E1aXxoHmj7nLw==","data":{},"text":"The post-war economy and suburban growth was felt differently by different populations of Detroiters. As early as 1944, suburban governments and corporations like Ford Motor Company resisted the construction of integrated housing outside of Detroit city limits.° This pattern continued throughout the following decades. Housing in Detroit remained largely segregated, though Black Detroiters made some advances into new housing spaces. In 1948, the Supreme Court ruled that race-restrictive covenants that prevented non-white purchasers from buying property could not be legally enforced. However, the legacy of redlining continued. Even when Black buyers were able to afford and secure loans to buy a house, white residents violently opposed integrating neighborhoods, intimidating and attacking both buyer and seller. White Detroiters argued that Black homeowners lowered the value of neighborhood property, and real estate companies took advantage of those fears to help drive white flight into the suburbs.° Violence, neighborhood associations, municipal zoning, and the tacit compliance of real estate agents kept the majority of all-white neighborhoods inaccessible to Black residents.° By the 1960s, Black Detroiters lived in only 1% of the new houses built in the city even though they made up 20% of the cityâs population.°","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":1,"offset":261},{"key":1,"length":12,"offset":980},{"key":2,"length":1,"offset":1010},{"key":3,"length":1,"offset":1191},{"key":4,"length":1,"offset":1331}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"href":"https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691162553/the-origins-of-the-urban-crisis","contents":"Thomas J. Sugrue, The Origins of the Urban Crisis (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), 76-77."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"40d7dc4d-2a06-43cf-b748-0e4fd54aac0d"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"2":{"data":{"href":"https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691162553/the-origins-of-the-urban-crisis","contents":"Thomas J. Sugrue, The Origins of the Urban Crisis (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), 194-195."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"3":{"data":{"href":"https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691162553/the-origins-of-the-urban-crisis","contents":"Thomas J. Sugrue, The Origins of the Urban Crisis (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), 45-46."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"},"4":{"data":{"href":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cico.12053","contents":"Joe T. Darden and Richard W. Thomas, Detroit: Race Riots, Racial Conflicts, and Efforts to Bridge the Racial Divide,â (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 20130), 4."},"type":"CITATION","mutability":"IMMUTABLE"}}}},"5509":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5509","id":5509,"pageId":1963,"position":6,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"+obdiDWAMv7Ms466iuRTlg==","data":{},"text":"The social and ecological factors of this time blended to form a dangerous combination. More and more people arrived in Detroit, relying on an increasingly polluted river. Locked into degraded housing by race-restrictive covenants and federal lending policies, and limited to the most hazardous manufacturing jobs, Black Detroiters bore the brunt of environmental injustice. The city altered sewer systems first built in the 1800s to accommodate unprecedented growth in the 1900s. Utilization of this outdated infrastru
155cture, paired with growing population, caused nonpoint source pollution like sewage to become one of the primary causes of Rouge contamination. This problem became further complicated when the sewage from growing suburbs traveled downstream. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"5520":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5520","id":5520,"pageId":1967,"position":5,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"mbPl3VM5gXrXhIGbbfiGKA==","data":{},"text":"3. Next, keep moving up the river until you reach the place where the river appears to fork at Lower Rouge Parkway, just south of the University of Michigan-Dearborn campus. The Rouge River has four main branches: the Main, Upper, Middle, and Lower Branches. This fork is where the Lower Branch (extending due west on the map) meets the Main Branch. Follow the Main Branch of the river north until the next fork, just north of Henry Ford Community College and south of the label for Parkland Community Park. This is the confluence of the Middle and Main Branches, with the Middle Branch again joining from the west. Continue following the Main Branch north until you reach the fork at Eliza Howell Park. The Upper Branch is just north of the label for Redford Township. This is where the Upper Branch meets the Main Branch. The Upper Branch is flowing from the northwest. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":3,"offset":0}]},{"key":"3pgpc","data":{},"text":"Questions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":11,"offset":0}]},{"key":"4rj2l","data":{},"text":"What advantages and disadvantages might there be to living at the confluences of river branches? Name some challenges that might come along with trying to properly manage a river with multiple branches. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"5517":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5517","id":5517,"pageId":1967,"position":2,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"zSEiZPZDKakOgiur0PETKw==","data":{},"text":"Navigation instructions: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"fmmop","data":{},"text":"Move around the map area by left-clicking and dragging across the screen. There is a pullout menu in the upper left corner where data layers on the map can be manipulated. Unless otherwise noted, there is no need to alter the layers for this activity. The controls for zooming in and out, as well as the âHomeâ button for returning to the original view of the map, are also located in the pullout menu. You will be directed there as needed. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"7ig0q","data":{},"text":"Note for instructors: ","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"62fpj","data":{},"text":"Individual readers can complete the following as a self-guided activity, but students may benefit most from working in small teams to navigate the map and discussing the questions with general guidance from an instructor.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}},"5348":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5348","id":5348,"pageId":1967,"position":1,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"IBUoLT+0l9s4D4tTugN7iQ==","data":{},"text":"Before beginning the case study, it may be helpful to become familiar with the Rouge River Watershed. The following activity is designed to help orient readers with important locations and ideas that will be mentioned throughout the case, as well as with the geography of the watershed as a whole. Using the interactive watershed map created by the Friends of the Rouge, complete the following activity and familiarize yourself with qualities and key locations of the watershed. The map will also be revisited at the end of the case study. Readers are encouraged to consult the map throughout the case as desired. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":29,"offset":304}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]},{"key":"95bhg","data":{},"text":"A PDF version of this activity can be found here, though access to the online map is still necessary for completion. ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":1,"length":5,"offset":44}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"a8f311fb-eef4-4973-b1f6-856f59e61e0a"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"},"1":{"data":{"slug":"e7db5812-6442-48ce-9c63-2c7c6e59d613"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"}}}},"5344":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5344","id":5344,"pageId":1963,"position":1,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"zofLACgfmXMdhO768j+SEQ==","data":{},"text":"Beginning in the first decade of the 1900s, Detroitâs primary industry became automobile manufacture. In 1901, the Dodge Brothers started their machine shop in Detroit and contracted with Olds Motor Works. In 1902, Cadillac Company was launched, and in 1903, Packard Motor Car Company moved to Detroit. The next year, Ford Motor Company opened its first plant in Detroit. The relatively low cost and flexibility of the 1908 Ford Model T transformed automobiles from a luxury of the wealthy to something useful and accessible to working-class Americans. The industrial
155capacity of Detroit, and the outbreak of World War I in 1914, set the stage for the expansion of Detroitâs auto industry and created thousands of jobs, drawing new residents to the city. Mobilization for World War II saw the conversion of Detroitâs manufacturing plants to armaments in fulfillment of defense contracts for military trucks, aircraft engines, and ammunition, earning Metro Detroit the moniker, âArsenal of Democracy.â ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":20,"offset":978}],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"slug":"16a1ded7-0289-4da9-a274-2fee3750e2b8"},"type":"EDGENOTE","mutability":"MUTABLE"}}}},"5519":{"type":"Card","table":"cards","param":"5519","id":5519,"pageId":1967,"position":4,"solid":true,"rawContent":{"blocks":[{"key":"VjMps4VfALKBjdy1QuVIkw==","data":{},"text":"2. Follow the river upstream from its mouth. Find where the Ford Rouge Plant is written on the map. This is a factory built by Henry Ford in the early 1900s and is still in use today. Note the name of the city where the plant is located.","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"BOLD","length":2,"offset":0}]},{"key":"7gmku","data":{},"text":"Questions:","depth":0,"type":"header-two","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"style":"ITALIC","length":10,"offset":0}]},{"key":"8lmhc","data":{},"text":"Why might this location have been selected for the factory? What advantages and disadvantages are there to this location? ","depth":0,"type":"unstyled","entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[]}],"entityMap":{}}}},"edgenotes":{"e7db5812-6442-48ce-9c63-2c7c6e59d613":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/e7db5812-6442-48ce-9c63-2c7c6e59d613","audio":"/edgenotes/e7db5812-6442-48ce-9c63-2c7c6e59d613/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/e7db5812-6442-48ce-9c63-2c7c6e59d613/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/e7db5812-6442-48ce-9c63-2c7c6e59d613/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"e7db5812-6442-48ce-9c63-2c7c6e59d613","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":"https://www.learngala.com/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcTRPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--57bc071e2f97ccafcdee7a70873dbca39606f204/MSC_Rouge%20River%20Introductory%20Map%20Activity.pdf","layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-05T20:16:11.737Z","caption":"PDF Rouge River Introductory Map Activity Worksheet","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"e7db5812-6442-48ce-9c63-2c7c6e59d613","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"6ab72d9a-424f-4fc8-b79f-8a8d24253ebe":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/6ab72d9a-424f-4fc8-b79f-8a8d24253ebe","audio":"/edgenotes/6ab72d9a-424f-4fc8-b79f-8a8d24253ebe/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/6ab72d9a-424f-4fc8-b79f-8a8d24253ebe/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/6ab72d9a-424f-4fc8-b79f-8a8d24253ebe/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"6ab72d9a-424f-4fc8-b79f-8a8d24253ebe","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcDRPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--3825577811d7c8b9bd091d2a93f042727c5808c6/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--5534a062407b3aeae96a165373fad97a1ba75b98/Rouge%20River%20Survey%201911.JPG","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcDRPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--3825577811d7c8b9bd091d2a93f042727c5808c6/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVl
155E2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--a61c3d04ba333ed4a410844889733e00edde3a90/Rouge%20River%20Survey%201911.JPG","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-02T19:23:13.868Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"6ab72d9a-424f-4fc8-b79f-8a8d24253ebe","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"ca8b3e6a-07bf-41a8-b688-32d69c8d9e06":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/ca8b3e6a-07bf-41a8-b688-32d69c8d9e06","audio":"/edgenotes/ca8b3e6a-07bf-41a8-b688-32d69c8d9e06/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/ca8b3e6a-07bf-41a8-b688-32d69c8d9e06/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/ca8b3e6a-07bf-41a8-b688-32d69c8d9e06/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"ca8b3e6a-07bf-41a8-b688-32d69c8d9e06","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbjhPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--93b09aed4b243875e2f519f5763e9e972e6a2abb/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJY0c1bkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld1k2Q25OMGNtbHdWQT09IiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--ba224ffb49fada19bc7d971df5e1612c0932cba4/Lumber%20Thumbnail.png","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbjhPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--93b09aed4b243875e2f519f5763e9e972e6a2abb/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJY0c1bkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld1k2Q25OMGNtbHdWQT09IiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--5e572e13ad7aebcc081e09e0e6448cc6ec732de1/Lumber%20Thumbnail.png","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Detroit Public Library","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-01T18:22:18.013Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"ca8b3e6a-07bf-41a8-b688-32d69c8d9e06","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://digitalcollections.detroitpubliclibrary.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A147489"},"c797b365-18a8-45cb-a37f-551772bf543d":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/c797b365-18a8-45cb-a37f-551772bf543d","audio":"/edgenotes/c797b365-18a8-45cb-a37f-551772bf543d/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/c797b365-18a8-45cb-a37f-551772bf543d/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/c797b365-18a8-45cb-a37f-551772bf543d/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"c797b365-18a8-45cb-a37f-551772bf543d","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBb0FPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--ecedc8d133f59e487503763ed1b1da49f328f30f/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJY0c1bkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld1k2Q25OMGNtbHdWQT09IiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--ba224ffb49fada19bc7d971df5e1612c0932cba4/Gelatin%20Thumbnail.png","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBb0FPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--ecedc8d133f59e487503763ed1b1da49f328f30f/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJY0c1bkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld1k2Q25OMGNtbHdWQT09IiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--5e572e13ad7aebcc081e09e0e6448cc6ec732de1/Gelatin%20Thumbnail.png","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Detroit Public Library","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-01T18:22:34.608Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"c797b365-18a8-45cb-a37f-551772bf543d","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://digitalcollections.detroitpubliclibrary.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A145557"},"46781884-0f18-481e-b39a-75c0b69e20c5":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/46781884-0f18-481e-b39a-75c0b69e20c5","audio":"/edgenotes/46781884-0f18-481e-b39a-75c0b69e20c5/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/46781884-0f18-481e-b39a-75c0b69e20c5/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/46781884-0f18-481e-b39a-75c0b69e20c5/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"46781884-0f18-481e-b39a-75c0b69e20c5","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-01T18:36:43.819Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"46781884-0f18-481e-b39a-75c0b69e20c5","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-habitat-fragmentation.html"},"a0d34db1-64fa-4444-81de-ab758434c16e":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/a0d34db1-64fa-4444-81de-ab758434c16e","audio":"/edgenotes/a0d34db1-64fa-4444-81de-ab758434c16e/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/a0d34db1-64fa-4444-81de-ab758434c16e/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/a0d34db1-64fa-4444-81de-ab758434c16e/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"a0d34db1-64fa-4444-81de-ab758434c16e","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBb0VPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--cdfea2f3b2c34d5ee34396806fd94fd137ebb0c7/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--4347d65dad0955607833e3bf3f622ef961b89a57/Fair%20Lane%20Dam.jpg","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBb0VPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--cdfea2f3b2c34d5ee34396806fd94fd137ebb0c7/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--34fd327f92ce518102b48685b87834a3062dfb74/Fair%20Lane%20Dam.jpg","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Dave Parker, Wikimedia Commons","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-01T18:39:38.306Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"a0d34db1-64fa-4444-81de-ab758434c16e","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"d9b663b8-40de-4a7b-9097-b119ad2dc55c":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/d9b663b8-40de-4a7b-9097-b119ad2dc55c","audio":"/edgenotes/d9b663b8-40de-4a7b-9097-b119ad2dc55c/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/d9b663b8-40de-4a7b-9097-b119ad2dc55c/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/d9b663b8-40de-4a7b-9097-b119ad2dc55c/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"d9b663b8-40de-4a7b-9097-b119ad2dc55c","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-01T18:23:35.113Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"d9b663b8-40de-4a7b-9097-b119ad2dc55c","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/ford-rouge-complex"},"cbd41b08-35cb-467b-b2bb-b9ccb33ad241":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/cbd41b08-35cb-467b-b2bb-b9ccb33ad241","audio":"/edgenotes/cbd41b08-35cb-467b-b2bb-b9ccb33ad241/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/cbd41b08-35cb-467b-b2bb-b9ccb33ad241/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/cbd41b08-35cb-467b-b2bb-b9ccb33ad241/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"cbd41b08-35cb-467b-b2bb-b9ccb33ad241","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"bottom_full_width","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-01T19:06:28.398Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"cbd41b08-35cb-467b-b2bb-b9ccb33ad241","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=19njulwJUci-6fFIvX8OkMVwyaRJSKXcIscSju3twx1M\u0026font=Default\u0026lang=en\u0026initial_zoom=2\u0026height=650"},"94ba524a-a562-4823-8927-1cd7acca51d1":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/94ba524a-a562-4823-8927-1cd7acca51d1","audio":"/edgenotes/94ba524a-a562-4823-8927-1cd7acca51d1/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/94ba524a-a562-4823-8927-1cd7acca51d1/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/94ba524a-a562-4823-8927-1cd7acca51d1/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"94ba524a-a562-4823-8927-1cd7acca51d1","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-01-26T19:22:04.034Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"94ba524a-a562-4823-8927-1cd7acca51d1","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"361391b1-cff3-4689-bb93-87da6291857e":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/361391b1-cff3-4689-bb93-87da6291857e","audio":"/edgenotes/361391b1-cff3-4689-bb93-87da6291857e/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/361391b1-cff3-4689-bb93-87da6291857e/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/361391b1-cff3-4689-bb93-87da6291857e/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"361391b1-cff3-4689-bb93-87da6291857e","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbzRPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--884bf2747e8bed3255ff2cce1b7221021e0a48eb/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--5534a062407b3aeae96a165373fad97a1ba75b98/skulls.JPG","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbzRPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--884bf2747e8bed3255ff2cce1b7221021e0a48eb/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--a61c3d04ba333ed4a410844889733e00edde3a90/skulls.JPG","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Detroit Public Library","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-02T15:22:06.015Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"361391b1-cff3-4689-bb93-87da6291857e","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://digitalcollections.detroitpubliclibrary.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A151477"},"a909084a-4364-4168-98ba-bad8d08fa448":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/a909084a-4364-4168-98ba-bad8d08fa448","audio":"/edgenotes/a909084a-4364-4168-98ba-bad8d08fa448/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/a909084a-4364-4168-98ba-bad8d08fa448/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/a909084a-4364-4168-98ba-bad8d08fa448/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"a909084a-4364-4168-98ba-bad8d08fa448","altText":"","attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBdWtTIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--5c83b7dbbf0f5db7a19144e07a9fd95da5d29b1e/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--4347d65dad0955607833e3bf3f622ef961b89a57/thf112518.jpg","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBdWtTIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--5c83b7dbbf0f5db7a19144e07a9fd95da5d29b1e/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--34fd327f92ce518102b48685b87834a3062dfb74/thf112518.jpg","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"The Henry Ford","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-01-26T20:10:29.790Z","caption":"\"Dam in Rouge River behind Fair Lane Estate Powerhouse, circa 1940\"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"a909084a-4364-4168-98ba-bad8d08fa448","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-collections/artifact/307590#slide=gs-284655"},"b57318b6-15bd-4d77-b913-43512d6c1f2e":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/b57318b6-15bd-4d77-b913-43512d6c1f2e","audio":"/edgenotes/b57318b6-15bd-4d77-b913-43512d6c1f2e/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/b57318b6-15bd-4d77-b913-43512d6c1f2e/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/b57318b6-15bd-4d77-b913-43512d6c1f2e/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"b57318b6-15bd-4d77-b913-43512d6c1f2e","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbzhPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--846d2beed9f6a000c8ad9cf64957b90804e3db45/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--5534a062407b3aeae96a165373fad97a1ba75b98/1793%20map.JPG","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbzhPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--846d2beed9f6a000c8ad9cf64957b90804e3db45/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--a61c3d04ba333ed4a410844889733e00edde3a90/1793%20map.JPG","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Detroit Public Library","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-02T15:34:20.955Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"b57318b6-15bd-4d77-b913-43512d6c1f2e","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://digitalcollections.detroitpubliclibrary.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A145301"},"e32bcb2d-bd07-416a-9633-48ad086adbe0":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/e32bcb2d-bd07-416a-9633-48ad086adbe0","audio":"/edgenotes/e32bcb2d-bd07-416a-9633-48ad086adbe0/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/e32bcb2d-bd07-416a-9633-48ad086adbe0/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/e32bcb2d-bd07-416a-9633-48ad086adbe0/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"e32bcb2d-bd07-416a-9633-48ad086adbe0","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-01-26T20:31:58.281Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"e32bcb2d-bd07-416a-9633-48ad086adbe0","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/ecosystem-services"},"e58a8dfe-5913-4d99-b2ec-bb49dde02b7a":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/e58a8dfe-5913-4d99-b2ec-bb49dde02b7a","audio":"/edgenotes/e58a8dfe-5913-4d99-b2ec-bb49dde02b7a/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/e58a8dfe-5913-4d99-b2ec-bb49dde02b7a/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/e58a8dfe-5913-4d99-b2ec-bb49dde02b7a/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"e58a8dfe-5913-4d99-b2ec-bb49dde02b7a","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcEFPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--4639a76911a38c13e413c350c5bfaf8d8c48ca42/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--5534a062407b3aeae96a165373fad97a1ba75b98/turning%20basin.JPG","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcEFPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--4639a76911a38c13e413c350c5bfaf8d8c48ca42/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--a61c3d04ba333ed4a410844889733e00edde3a90/turning%20basin.JPG","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Detroit Public Library ","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-02T19:23:28.996Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"e58a8dfe-5913-4d99-b2ec-bb49dde02b7a","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://digitalcollections.detroitpubliclibrary.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A151426"},"b9b6a86f-dfe3-4cfb-a75b-3109732c2884":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/b9b6a86f-dfe3-4cfb-a75b-3109732c2884","audio":"/edgenotes/b9b6a86f-dfe3-4cfb-a75b-3109732c2884/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/b9b6a86f-dfe3-4cfb-a75b-3109732c2884/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/b9b6a86f-dfe3-4cfb-a75b-3109732c2884/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"b9b6a86f-dfe3-4cfb-a75b-3109732c2884","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-01-26T20:35:37.824Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"b9b6a86f-dfe3-4cfb-a75b-3109732c2884","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice"},"4440e2bb-8447-40c0-8dbb-8c09c3396515":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/4440e2bb-8447-40c0-8dbb-8c09c3396515","audio":"/edgenotes/4440e2bb-8447-40c0-8dbb-8c09c3396515/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/4440e2bb-8447-40c0-8dbb-8c09c3396515/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/4440e2bb-8447-40c0-8dbb-8c09c3396515/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"4440e2bb-8447-40c0-8dbb-8c09c3396515","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcDBPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--4ce266cdcd39287bb54424890d985b94be8dfb47/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--5534a062407b3aeae96a165373fad97a1ba75b98/Rouge%20River%20Survey%201897.JPG","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcDBPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--4ce266cdcd39287bb54424890d985b94be8dfb47/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--a61c3d04ba333ed4a410844889733e00edde3a90/Rouge%20River%20Survey%201897.JPG","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-02T19:23:05.047Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"4440e2bb-8447-40c0-8dbb-8c09c3396515","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"4ca0f466-2237-4cd2-9250-270064a49b99":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/4ca0f466-2237-4cd2-9250-270064a49b99","audio":"/edgenotes/4ca0f466-2237-4cd2-9250-270064a49b99/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/4ca0f466-2237-4cd2-9250-270064a49b99/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/4ca0f466-2237-4cd2-9250-270064a49b99/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"4ca0f466-2237-4cd2-9250-270064a49b99","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":"https://www.learngala.com/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcUFPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--ae05b838d467240decc5f75d3488942adada7dab/Michigan%20census%20by%20city.pdf","layout":"right","iconSlug":"file-basic","imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-02T23:46:17.603Z","caption":"Gibson and Jung, Table 23. Michigan - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990\n","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"4ca0f466-2237-4cd2-9250-270064a49b99","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"62e60f30-494c-4a52-92c9-5807100c1709":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/62e60f30-494c-4a52-92c9-5807100c1709","audio":"/edgenotes/62e60f30-494c-4a52-92c9-5807100c1709/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/62e60f30-494c-4a52-92c9-5807100c1709/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/62e60f30-494c-4a52-92c9-5807100c1709/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"62e60f30-494c-4a52-92c9-5807100c1709","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-02T23:35:17.353Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"62e60f30-494c-4a52-92c9-5807100c1709","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.history.com/news/wwii-detroit-auto-factories-retooled-homefront"},"2866fe3e-8569-408f-a18b-7c7c9391047d":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/2866fe3e-8569-408f-a18b-7c7c9391047d","audio":"/edgenotes/2866fe3e-8569-408f-a18b-7c7c9391047d/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/2866fe3e-8569-408f-a18b-7c7c9391047d/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/2866fe3e-8569-408f-a18b-7c7c9391047d/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"2866fe3e-8569-408f-a18b-7c7c9391047d","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-03T00:06:47.966Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"2866fe3e-8569-408f-a18b-7c7c9391047d","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.npr.org/2017/07/22/538760677/in-detroit-a-colorful-mural-stands-as-a-reminder-of-the-citys-segregation-wall"},"f9555609-6bc1-461b-bc65-c9cdc9d8671e":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/f9555609-6bc1-461b-bc65-c9cdc9d8671e","audio":"/edgenotes/f9555609-6bc1-461b-bc65-c9cdc9d8671e/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/f9555609-6bc1-461b-bc65-c9cdc9d8671e/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/f9555609-6bc1-461b-bc65-c9cdc9d8671e/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"f9555609-6bc1-461b-bc65-c9cdc9d8671e","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-03T00:19:39.320Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"f9555609-6bc1-461b-bc65-c9cdc9d8671e","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/december-29-1940-fireside-chat-16-arsenal-democracy"},"255a3a74-d677-44cf-8b13-6c395c78e213":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/255a3a74-d677-44cf-8b13-6c395c78e213","audio":"/edgenotes/255a3a74-d677-44cf-8b13-6c395c78e213/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/255a3a74-d677-44cf-8b13-6c395c78e213/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/255a3a74-d677-44cf-8b13-6c395c78e213/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"255a3a74-d677-44cf-8b13-6c395c78e213","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBZ01VIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--94795cb23310e3ef2d616c4f17bed645992adf46/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--5534a062407b3aeae96a165373fad97a1ba75b98/RedliningImage.JPG","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBZ01VIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--94795cb23310e3ef2d616c4f17bed645992adf46/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--a61c3d04ba333ed4a410844889733e00edde3a90/RedliningImage.JPG","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-09T01:40:45.372Z","caption":"Mapping Inequality: Redlining in New Deal America","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"255a3a74-d677-44cf-8b13-6c395c78e213","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=10/42.348/-83.597\u0026city=detroit-mi"},"262e462e-710d-496a-993b-f935fc634108":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/262e462e-710d-496a-993b-f935fc634108","audio":"/edgenotes/262e462e-710d-496a-993b-f935fc634108/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/262e462e-710d-496a-993b-f935fc634108/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/262e462e-710d-496a-993b-f935fc634108/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"262e462e-710d-496a-993b-f935fc634108","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":"https://www.learngala.com/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcUVPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--142b8c7cbc37f20f498f0b15741e093891e8af7f/Michigan%20census%20by%20city.pdf","layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-02T23:45:37.794Z","caption":"Gibson and Jung, Table 23. Michigan - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"262e462e-710d-496a-993b-f935fc634108","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"a32e843c-cfef-49b9-9734-03c41c7e71c1":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/a32e843c-cfef-49b9-9734-03c41c7e71c1","audio":"/edgenotes/a32e843c-cfef-49b9-9734-03c41c7e71c1/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/a32e843c-cfef-49b9-9734-03c41c7e71c1/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/a32e843c-cfef-49b9-9734-03c41c7e71c1/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"a32e843c-cfef-49b9-9734-03c41c7e71c1","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-03T00:12:41.250Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"a32e843c-cfef-49b9-9734-03c41c7e71c1","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=10/42.348/-83.597\u0026city=detroit-mi"},"09692a43-761b-4841-8a84-e9e42b574bcd":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/09692a43-761b-4841-8a84-e9e42b574bcd","audio":"/edgenotes/09692a43-761b-4841-8a84-e9e42b574bcd/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/09692a43-761b-4841-8a84-e9e42b574bcd/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/09692a43-761b-4841-8a84-e9e42b574bcd/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"09692a43-761b-4841-8a84-e9e42b574bcd","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcVFPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--52b3800759d47f88efdd3623f34a4fc0d19ba4fc/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--4347d65dad0955607833e3bf3f622ef961b89a57/CSO%20diagram.jpg","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcVFPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--52b3800759d47f88efdd3623f34a4fc0d19ba4fc/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--34fd327f92ce518102b48685b87834a3062dfb74/CSO%20diagram.jpg","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"US EPA, Wikimedia Commons","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-04T17:28:13.082Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"09692a43-761b-4841-8a84-e9e42b574bcd","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"34ec59f1-1ea3-4e14-9eef-828b2a3b939c":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/34ec59f1-1ea3-4e14-9eef-828b2a3b939c","audio":"/edgenotes/34ec59f1-1ea3-4e14-9eef-828b2a3b939c/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/34ec59f1-1ea3-4e14-9eef-828b2a3b939c/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/34ec59f1-1ea3-4e14-9eef-828b2a3b939c/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"34ec59f1-1ea3-4e14-9eef-828b2a3b939c","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-04T17:30:17.488Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"34ec59f1-1ea3-4e14-9eef-828b2a3b939c","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLbDbmmV6Qc"},"54137049-484c-4a11-ad17-d3b8a13526f5":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/54137049-484c-4a11-ad17-d3b8a13526f5","audio":"/edgenotes/54137049-484c-4a11-ad17-d3b8a13526f5/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/54137049-484c-4a11-ad17-d3b8a13526f5/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/54137049-484c-4a11-ad17-d3b8a13526f5/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"54137049-484c-4a11-ad17-d3b8a13526f5","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-24T21:38:04.623Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"54137049-484c-4a11-ad17-d3b8a13526f5","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/dissolved-oxygen-and-water?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects"},"8b5c988d-5b24-43d8-a73e-b682f6e99de3":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/8b5c988d-5b24-43d8-a73e-b682f6e99de3","audio":"/edgenotes/8b5c988d-5b24-43d8-a73e-b682f6e99de3/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/8b5c988d-5b24-43d8-a73e-b682f6e99de3/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/8b5c988d-5b24-43d8-a73e-b682f6e99de3/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"8b5c988d-5b24-43d8-a73e-b682f6e99de3","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":"https://www.learngala.com/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcVVPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--462224dbae2519454cfb164f0483df3815a79d6e/MSC_Rouge%20River%20Redlining%20Map%20Activity.pdf","layout":"right","iconSlug":"file-basic","imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-04T18:19:34.612Z","caption":"Rouge River Redlining Map Activity Worksheet","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"8b5c988d-5b24-43d8-a73e-b682f6e99de3","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"a8f311fb-eef4-4973-b1f6-856f59e61e0a":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/a8f311fb-eef4-4973-b1f6-856f59e61e0a","audio":"/edgenotes/a8f311fb-eef4-4973-b1f6-856f59e61e0a/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/a8f311fb-eef4-4973-b1f6-856f59e61e0a/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/a8f311fb-eef4-4973-b1f6-856f59e61e0a/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"a8f311fb-eef4-4973-b1f6-856f59e61e0a","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcXNPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--1f946c89639da2ddf3bf35c103f4313e7d12883f/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJY0c1bkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld1k2Q25OMGNtbHdWQT09IiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--ba224ffb49fada19bc7d971df5e1612c0932cba4/Friends%20of%20the%20Rouge%20Map.png","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcXNPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--1f946c89639da2ddf3bf35c103f4313e7d12883f/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJY0c1bkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld1k2Q25OMGNtbHdWQT09IiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--5e572e13ad7aebcc081e09e0e6448cc6ec732de1/Friends%20of%20the%20Rouge%20Map.png","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Friends of the Rouge","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-26T17:00:46.444Z","caption":"Rouge River Watershed Digital Terrain Map","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"a8f311fb-eef4-4973-b1f6-856f59e61e0a","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://fotr-rep.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=00fd930cc79f4161809c15c4b2a90e60\u0026extent=-84.0416,42.1672,-82.6051,42.6993\u0026home=true\u0026zoom=true\u0026scale=true\u0026search=true\u0026searchextent=true\u0026details=true\u0026legendlayers=true\u0026active_panel=legend\u0026basemap_gallery=true\u0026disable_scroll=true\u0026theme=dark"},"2eaf7df0-5fb9-451e-bb9d-f307f7f03be2":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/2eaf7df0-5fb9-451e-bb9d-f307f7f03be2","audio":"/edgenotes/2eaf7df0-5fb9-451e-bb9d-f307f7f03be2/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/2eaf7df0-5fb9-451e-bb9d-f307f7f03be2/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/2eaf7df0-5fb9-451e-bb9d-f307f7f03be2/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"2eaf7df0-5fb9-451e-bb9d-f307f7f03be2","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcXdPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--f51c439a03b155201e922b6d23ca1b6b6ea8589a/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJY0c1bkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld1k2Q25OMGNtbHdWQT09IiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--ba224ffb49fada19bc7d971df5e1612c0932cba4/Friends%20of%20the%20Rouge%20Map.png","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcXdPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--f51c439a03b155201e922b6d23ca1b6b6ea8589a/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJY0c1bkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld1k2Q25OMGNtbHdWQT09IiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--5e572e13ad7aebcc081e09e0e6448cc6ec732de1/Friends%20of%20the%20Rouge%20Map.png","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Friends of the Rouge","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-05T19:58:55.093Z","caption":"Rouge River Watershed Interactive Map","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"2eaf7df0-5fb9-451e-bb9d-f307f7f03be2","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://fotr-rep.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=00fd930cc79f4161809c15c4b2a90e60\u0026extent=-84.0416,42.1672,-82.6051,42.6993\u0026home=true\u0026zoom=true\u0026scale=true\u0026search=true\u0026searchextent=true\u0026details=true\u0026legendlayers=true\u0026active_panel=legend\u0026basemap_gallery=true\u0026disable_scroll=true\u0026theme=dark"},"821c6550-2b74-4683-a115-6178f77a904a":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/821c6550-2b74-4683-a115-6178f77a904a","audio":"/edgenotes/821c6550-2b74-4683-a115-6178f77a904a/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/821c6550-2b74-4683-a115-6178f77a904a/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/821c6550-2b74-4683-a115-6178f77a904a/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"821c6550-2b74-4683-a115-6178f77a904a","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":"https://www.learngala.com/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcTBPIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--bb800af9c01910798ab133858426ca4115ac55c6/MSC_Rouge%20River%20Concluding%20Map%20Activity.pdf","layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2020-09-05T20:00:56.621Z","caption":"PDF Rouge River Concluding Map Activity Worksheet","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"821c6550-2b74-4683-a115-6178f77a904a","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"5987fe01-52cf-41e6-967c-078089b7932f":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/5987fe01-52cf-41e6-967c-078089b7932f","audio":"/edgenotes/5987fe01-52cf-41e6-967c-078089b7932f/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/5987fe01-52cf-41e6-967c-078089b7932f/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/5987fe01-52cf-41e6-967c-078089b7932f/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"5987fe01-52cf-41e6-967c-078089b7932f","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBamdUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--b66c78b1d15ac0bfdee3a557419516069219620e/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lKYW5CbFp3WTZCa1ZVT2hSeVpYTnBlbVZmZEc5ZmJHbHRhWFJiQjJrQ2dBSnBBb0FDT2dwellYWmxjbnNKT2hSellXMXdiR2x1WnkxbVlXTjBiM0pKSWdvME9qSTZNQVk3QmxRNkRIRjFZV3hwZEhscFdqb1BZMjlzYjNKemNHRmpaVWtpQ1hOU1IwSUdPd1pVT2c1cGJuUmxjbXhoWTJWSklnbHNhVzVsQmpzR1ZBPT0iLCJleHAiOm51bGwsInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--dd4d4e741898ae9caecf9ddf8a8c382f60c6885f/impervious%20surfaces.jpeg","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBamdUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--b66c78b1d15ac0bfdee3a557419516069219620e/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lKYW5CbFp3WTZCa1ZVT2dwellYWmxjbnNKT2hSellXMXdiR2x1WnkxbVlXTjBiM0pKSWdvME9qSTZNQVk3QmxRNkRI
155RjFZV3hwZEhscFdqb1BZMjlzYjNKemNHRmpaVWtpQ1hOU1IwSUdPd1pVT2c1cGJuUmxjbXhoWTJWSklnbHNhVzVsQmpzR1ZBPT0iLCJleHAiOm51bGwsInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--8766ac7153ff1fc767926e9e8bc8a49f644d38ad/impervious%20surfaces.jpeg","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Department of Energy and Environment, CITY OF GRIFFIN, GA, MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-06T19:59:32.994Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"5987fe01-52cf-41e6-967c-078089b7932f","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"66fb5c2c-941a-4229-bf06-56487fc4d968":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/66fb5c2c-941a-4229-bf06-56487fc4d968","audio":"/edgenotes/66fb5c2c-941a-4229-bf06-56487fc4d968/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/66fb5c2c-941a-4229-bf06-56487fc4d968/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/66fb5c2c-941a-4229-bf06-56487fc4d968/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"66fb5c2c-941a-4229-bf06-56487fc4d968","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBam9UIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--65335822997769d5336d7fd8d8954bb40f16006f/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lKYW5CbFp3WTZCa1ZVT2hSeVpYTnBlbVZmZEc5ZmJHbHRhWFJiQjJrQ2dBSnBBb0FDT2dwellYWmxjbnNKT2hSellXMXdiR2x1WnkxbVlXTjBiM0pKSWdvME9qSTZNQVk3QmxRNkRIRjFZV3hwZEhscFdqb1BZMjlzYjNKemNHRmpaVWtpQ1hOU1IwSUdPd1pVT2c1cGJuUmxjbXhoWTJWSklnbHNhVzVsQmpzR1ZBPT0iLCJleHAiOm51bGwsInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--dd4d4e741898ae9caecf9ddf8a8c382f60c6885f/land%20use%20map.jpeg","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBam9UIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--65335822997769d5336d7fd8d8954bb40f16006f/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lKYW5CbFp3WTZCa1ZVT2dwellYWmxjbnNKT2hSellXMXdiR2x1WnkxbVlXTjBiM0pKSWdvME9qSTZNQVk3QmxRNkRIRjFZV3hwZEhscFdqb1BZMjlzYjNKemNHRmpaVWtpQ1hOU1IwSUdPd1pVT2c1cGJuUmxjbXhoWTJWSklnbHNhVzVsQmpzR1ZBPT0iLCJleHAiOm51bGwsInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--8766ac7153ff1fc767926e9e8bc8a49f644d38ad/land%20use%20map.jpeg","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Jacob Napieralski, Ryan Keeling, Mitchell Dziekan, Chad Rhodes, Andres Kelly, Kelly Kobberstad, âUrban Stream Deserts as a Consequence of Excess Stream Burial in Urban Watersheds,â Annals of the Association of American Geographers, July 1, 2015, vol. 105, Figure 1.","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-06T20:07:05.990Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"66fb5c2c-941a-4229-bf06-56487fc4d968","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"a3a0891d-c1a5-4fae-8019-d1331ded70a1":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/a3a0891d-c1a5-4fae-8019-d1331ded70a1","audio":"/edgenotes/a3a0891d-c1a5-4fae-8019-d1331ded70a1/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/a3a0891d-c1a5-4fae-8019-d1331ded70a1/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/a3a0891d-c1a5-4fae-8019-d1331ded70a1/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"a3a0891d-c1a5-4fae-8019-d1331ded70a1","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBanNUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--b215fd4cde50175955956d08271c8d9ab7eb1d33/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lKYW5CbFp3WTZCa1ZVT2hSeVpYTnBlbVZmZEc5ZmJHbHRhWFJiQjJrQ2dBSnBBb0FDT2dwellYWmxjbnNKT2hSellXMXdiR2x1WnkxbVlXTjBiM0pKSWdvME9qSTZNQVk3QmxRNkRIRjFZV3hwZEhscFdqb1BZMjlzYjNKemNHRmpaVWtpQ1hOU1IwSUdPd1pVT2c1cGJuUmxjbXhoWTJWSklnbHNhVzVsQmpzR1ZBPT0iLCJleHAiOm51bGwsInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--dd4d4e741898ae9caecf9ddf8a8c382f60c6885f/historical%20reach.jpeg","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBanNUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--b215fd4cde50175955956d08271c8d9ab7eb1d33/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lKYW5CbFp3WTZCa1ZVT2dwellYWmxjbnNKT2hSellXMXdiR2x1WnkxbVlXTjBiM0pKSWdvME9qSTZNQVk3QmxRNkRI
155RjFZV3hwZEhscFdqb1BZMjlzYjNKemNHRmpaVWtpQ1hOU1IwSUdPd1pVT2c1cGJuUmxjbXhoWTJWSklnbHNhVzVsQmpzR1ZBPT0iLCJleHAiOm51bGwsInB1ciI6InZhcmlhdGlvbiJ9fQ==--8766ac7153ff1fc767926e9e8bc8a49f644d38ad/historical%20reach.jpeg","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Jacob Napieralski, Ryan Keeling, Mitchell Dziekan, Chad Rhodes, Andres Kelly, Kelly Kobberstad, âUrban Stream Deserts as a Consequence of Excess Stream Burial in Urban Watersheds,â Annals of the Association of American Geographers, July 1, 2015, vol. 105, Figure 4.","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-06T20:07:50.142Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"a3a0891d-c1a5-4fae-8019-d1331ded70a1","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"74db2865-a8d3-4534-a677-6fcf762d21fd":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/74db2865-a8d3-4534-a677-6fcf762d21fd","audio":"/edgenotes/74db2865-a8d3-4534-a677-6fcf762d21fd/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/74db2865-a8d3-4534-a677-6fcf762d21fd/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/74db2865-a8d3-4534-a677-6fcf762d21fd/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"74db2865-a8d3-4534-a677-6fcf762d21fd","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBajBUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--7c0963d32e448999f887d23d66ba4f41f86516d2/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--4347d65dad0955607833e3bf3f622ef961b89a57/FINALwetlandsmap.jpg","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBajBUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--7c0963d32e448999f887d23d66ba4f41f86516d2/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--34fd327f92ce518102b48685b87834a3062dfb74/FINALwetlandsmap.jpg","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-06T20:22:09.415Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"74db2865-a8d3-4534-a677-6fcf762d21fd","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.michiganradio.org/post/mapping-michigan-wetland-loss"},"d24db3a5-b736-4c9d-90dd-dda7c085a974":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/d24db3a5-b736-4c9d-90dd-dda7c085a974","audio":"/edgenotes/d24db3a5-b736-4c9d-90dd-dda7c085a974/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/d24db3a5-b736-4c9d-90dd-dda7c085a974/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/d24db3a5-b736-4c9d-90dd-dda7c085a974/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"d24db3a5-b736-4c9d-90dd-dda7c085a974","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbTRVIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--8cbc882256693048d27a6f5adbc610dd4555684f/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--5534a062407b3aeae96a165373fad97a1ba75b98/Rouge%20Wetland.JPG","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbTRVIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--8cbc882256693048d27a6f5adbc610dd4555684f/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--a61c3d04ba333ed4a410844889733e00edde3a90/Rouge%20Wetland.JPG","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Theresa Benton","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-23T16:26:25.294Z","caption":"A protected wetland in the Rouge River Watershed","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"d24db3a5-b736-4c9d-90dd-dda7c085a974","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"d13809d2-aa1e-4bea-bbb3-e393c6be3d28":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/d13809d2-aa1e-4bea-bbb3-e393c6be3d28","audio":"/edgenotes/d13809d2-aa1e-4bea-bbb3-e393c6be3d28/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/d13809d2-aa1e-4bea-bbb3-e393c6be3d28/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/d13809d2-aa1e-4bea-bbb3-e393c6be3d28/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"d13809d2-aa1e-4bea-bbb3-e393c6be3d28","altText":null,"attribution":"Rouge River National Wet Weather Demonstration Project","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"Wetlands are areas of land that are covered with\nwater at least part of the year and contain plants\nand animals that are adapted to these conditions.\n\n","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-24T21:31:32.348Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"d13809d2-aa1e-4bea-bbb3-e393c6be3d28","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/ess-nps-savvy-wetland_209540_7.pdf"},"906f7d9d-f5d7-4db4-ae3c-476f0f041c57":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/906f7d9d-f5d7-4db4-ae3c-476f0f041c57","audio":"/edgenotes/906f7d9d-f5d7-4db4-ae3c-476f0f041c57/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/906f7d9d-f5d7-4db4-ae3c-476f0f041c57/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/906f7d9d-f5d7-4db4-ae3c-476f0f041c57/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"906f7d9d-f5d7-4db4-ae3c-476f0f041c57","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T22:06:04.210Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"906f7d9d-f5d7-4db4-ae3c-476f0f041c57","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2017/07/24/algiers-motel-raid/103945898/"},"723637e6-99c7-4c70-a32b-1790961954b7":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/723637e6-99c7-4c70-a32b-1790961954b7","audio":"/edgenotes/723637e6-99c7-4c70-a32b-1790961954b7/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/723637e6-99c7-4c70-a32b-1790961954b7/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/723637e6-99c7-4c70-a32b-1790961954b7/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"723637e6-99c7-4c70-a32b-1790961954b7","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T22:37:33.135Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"723637e6-99c7-4c70-a32b-1790961954b7","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.history.com/news/black-power-movement-civil-rights"},"d73201c9-24fb-4102-a018-a400049d53d4":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/d73201c9-24fb-4102-a018-a400049d53d4","audio":"/edgenotes/d73201c9-24fb-4102-a018-a400049d53d4/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/d73201c9-24fb-4102-a018-a400049d53d4/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/d73201c9-24fb-4102-a018-a400049d53d4/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"d73201c9-24fb-4102-a018-a400049d53d4","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T22:37:42.765Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"d73201c9-24fb-4102-a018-a400049d53d4","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.naacp.org/marchonwashington/"},"0b172aef-4f28-45cc-a0c5-5ac1411a2ca7":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/0b172aef-4f28-45cc-a0c5-5ac1411a2ca7","audio":"/edgenotes/0b172aef-4f28-45cc-a0c5-5ac1411a2ca7/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/0b172aef-4f28-45cc-a0c5-5ac1411a2ca7/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/0b172aef-4f28-45cc-a0c5-5ac1411a2ca7/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"0b172aef-4f28-45cc-a0c5-5ac1411a2ca7","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T22:31:44.893Z","caption":"This is a collection of maps of sections of the Rouge River from 1897, 1911, 1952, 1962 layered on top of a map showing its present-day location. Use this map to examine how the Rouge River has changed over the last century.","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"0b172aef-4f28-45cc-a0c5-5ac1411a2ca7","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://umich.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=f3716768bfee4bf580f892a9b3f1cf88"},"3b763117-2656-4338-9fdf-fd2c32abcf96":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/3b763117-2656-4338-9fdf-fd2c32abcf96","audio":"/edgenotes/3b763117-2656-4338-9fdf-fd2c32abcf96/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/3b763117-2656-4338-9fdf-fd2c32abcf96/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/3b763117-2656-4338-9fdf-fd2c32abcf96/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"3b763117-2656-4338-9fdf-fd2c32abcf96","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T22:37:17.256Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"3b763117-2656-4338-9fdf-fd2c32abcf96","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Panther-Party"},"f9d9ed57-5b14-4a1d-b2aa-9a0e751b0964":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/f9d9ed57-5b14-4a1d-b2aa-9a0e751b0964","audio":"/edgenotes/f9d9ed57-5b14-4a1d-b2aa-9a0e751b0964/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/f9d9ed57-5b14-4a1d-b2aa-9a0e751b0964/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/f9d9ed57-5b14-4a1d-b2aa-9a0e751b0964/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"f9d9ed57-5b14-4a1d-b2aa-9a0e751b0964","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T22:21:38.351Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"f9d9ed57-5b14-4a1d-b2aa-9a0e751b0964","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.michiganradio.org/post/50-years-ago-today-rouge-river-caught-fire"},"c4e3fcc2-d464-448e-8706-788b4fa7a7d2":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/c4e3fcc2-d464-448e-8706-788b4fa7a7d2","audio":"/edgenotes/c4e3fcc2-d464-448e-8706-788b4fa7a7d2/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/c4e3fcc2-d464-448e-8706-788b4fa7a7d2/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/c4e3fcc2-d464-448e-8706-788b4fa7a7d2/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"c4e3fcc2-d464-448e-8706-788b4fa7a7d2","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T22:22:32.540Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"c4e3fcc2-d464-448e-8706-788b4fa7a7d2","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/cuyahoga-river-caught-fire-least-dozen-times-no-one-cared-until-1969-180972444/"},"87d7ea17-4603-4152-b5b3-65466d9e5936":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/87d7ea17-4603-4152-b5b3-65466d9e5936","audio":"/edgenotes/87d7ea17-4603-4152-b5b3-65466d9e5936/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/87d7ea17-4603-4152-b5b3-65466d9e5936/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/87d7ea17-4603-4152-b5b3-65466d9e5936/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"87d7ea17-4603-4152-b5b3-65466d9e5936","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbE1UIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--a0768dc80f32d14a93d6199b4b55c986288e323c/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--4347d65dad0955607833e3bf3f622ef961b89a57/River_Rouge_Dearborn.jpg","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbE1UIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--a0768dc80f32d14a93d6199b4b55c986288e323c/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--34fd327f92ce518102b48685b87834a3062dfb74/River_Rouge_Dearborn.jpg","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"By U.S. Army Corps of Engineers via wikipedia","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T22:25:37.786Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"87d7ea17-4603-4152-b5b3-65466d9e5936","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"28d159ac-ea47-41db-835b-b653dc4edb56":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/28d159ac-ea47-41db-835b-b653dc4edb56","audio":"/edgenotes/28d159ac-ea47-41db-835b-b653dc4edb56/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/28d159ac-ea47-41db-835b-b653dc4edb56/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/28d159ac-ea47-41db-835b-b653dc4edb56/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"28d159ac-ea47-41db-835b-b653dc4edb56","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T23:00:54.179Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"28d159ac-ea47-41db-835b-b653dc4edb56","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/rachel-carson-silent-spring.html"},"bf5637f4-ca9f-44e8-8d20-206a3d98e2c5":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/bf5637f4-ca9f-44e8-8d20-206a3d98e2c5","audio":"/edgenotes/bf5637f4-ca9f-44e8-8d20-206a3d98e2c5/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/bf5637f4-ca9f-44e8-8d20-206a3d98e2c5/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/bf5637f4-ca9f-44e8-8d20-206a3d98e2c5/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"bf5637f4-ca9f-44e8-8d20-206a3d98e2c5","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T23:02:50.057Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"bf5637f4-ca9f-44e8-8d20-206a3d98e2c5","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/history-clean-water-act"},"14d22910-53fb-42c9-9e10-a6fda3e057e4":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/14d22910-53fb-42c9-9e10-a6fda3e057e4","audio":"/edgenotes/14d22910-53fb-42c9-9e10-a6fda3e057e4/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/14d22910-53fb-42c9-9e10-a6fda3e057e4/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/14d22910-53fb-42c9-9e10-a6fda3e057e4/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"14d22910-53fb-42c9-9e10-a6fda3e057e4","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-08T20:47:10.250Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"14d22910-53fb-42c9-9e10-a6fda3e057e4","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"http://michiganintheworld.history.lsa.umich.edu/environmentalism/exhibits/show/main_exhibit/earthday"},"d895e941-7fbf-409b-aad6-6f45ed2a1f32":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/d895e941-7fbf-409b-aad6-6f45ed2a1f32","audio":"/edgenotes/d895e941-7fbf-409b-aad6-6f45ed2a1f32/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/d895e941-7fbf-409b-aad6-6f45ed2a1f32/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/d895e941-7fbf-409b-aad6-6f45ed2a1f32/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"d895e941-7fbf-409b-aad6-6f45ed2a1f32","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T23:32:00.513Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"d895e941-7fbf-409b-aad6-6f45ed2a1f32","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.epa.gov/great-lakes-aocs/rouge-river-aoc-remedial-action-plans"},"13af9aca-d6f5-4a1f-9d37-9def4b79c795":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/13af9aca-d6f5-4a1f-9d37-9def4b79c795","audio":"/edgenotes/13af9aca-d6f5-4a1f-9d37-9def4b79c795/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/13af9aca-d6f5-4a1f-9d37-9def4b79c795/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/13af9aca-d6f5-4a1f-9d37-9def4b79c795/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"13af9aca-d6f5-4a1f-9d37-9def4b79c795","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T23:33:50.935Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"13af9aca-d6f5-4a1f-9d37-9def4b79c795","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://therouge.org/"},"96a9cbef-13e4-4f5c-a0d8-59a5fb34614a":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/96a9cbef-13e4-4f5c-a0d8-59a5fb34614a","audio":"/edgenotes/96a9cbef-13e4-4f5c-a0d8-59a5fb34614a/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/96a9cbef-13e4-4f5c-a0d8-59a5fb34614a/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/96a9cbef-13e4-4f5c-a0d8-59a5fb34614a/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"96a9cbef-13e4-4f5c-a0d8-59a5fb34614a","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbHNUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--c7ba7d5ff9b7ec80dbb9a48830cd14105fd15aa8/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--4347d65dad0955607833e3bf3f622ef961b89a57/WilliamBentonRougeRescue.jpg","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbHNUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--c7ba7d5ff9b7ec80dbb9a48830cd14105fd15aa8/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--34fd327f92ce518102b48685b87834a3062dfb74/WilliamBentonRougeRescue.jpg","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"William Benton","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T23:40:25.616Z","caption":"Volunteers clear a log jam at one of the first Rouge Rescue events. ","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"96a9cbef-13e4-4f5c-a0d8-59a5fb34614a","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"b6aa977f-e4f8-4d27-b987-87a5656cdfa6":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/b6aa977f-e4f8-4d27-b987-87a5656cdfa6","audio":"/edgenotes/b6aa977f-e4f8-4d27-b987-87a5656cdfa6/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/b6aa977f-e4f8-4d27-b987-87a5656cdfa6/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/b6aa977f-e4f8-4d27-b987-87a5656cdfa6/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"b6aa977f-e4f8-4d27-b987-87a5656cdfa6","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-08T23:46:19.927Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"b6aa977f-e4f8-4d27-b987-87a5656cdfa6","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://archive.epa.gov/water/archive/web/html/vms511.html"},"44910438-b6dd-4007-881d-b26c30431429":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/44910438-b6dd-4007-881d-b26c30431429","audio":"/edgenotes/44910438-b6dd-4007-881d-b26c30431429/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/44910438-b6dd-4007-881d-b26c30431429/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/44910438-b6dd-4007-881d-b26c30431429/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"44910438-b6dd-4007-881d-b26c30431429","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T21:42:42.598Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"44910438-b6dd-4007-881d-b26c30431429","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"http://racialdotmap.demographics.coopercenter.org/"},"41665962-a915-4e67-bac9-0fc9b2604b5c":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/41665962-a915-4e67-bac9-0fc9b2604b5c","audio":"/edgenotes/41665962-a915-4e67-bac9-0fc9b2604b5c/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/41665962-a915-4e67-bac9-0fc9b2604b5c/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/41665962-a915-4e67-bac9-0fc9b2604b5c/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"41665962-a915-4e67-bac9-0fc9b2604b5c","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T21:43:57.934Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"41665962-a915-4e67-bac9-0fc9b2604b5c","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://kristitanner.carto.com/viz/bf2f6322-1bdc-11e7-be63-0e05a8b3e3d7/public_map"},"a4ac52a2-41bc-4bd5-bcbf-efb569636f42":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/a4ac52a2-41bc-4bd5-bcbf-efb569636f42","audio":"/edgenotes/a4ac52a2-41bc-4bd5-bcbf-efb569636f42/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/a4ac52a2-41bc-4bd5-bcbf-efb569636f42/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/a4ac52a2-41bc-4bd5-bcbf-efb569636f42/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"a4ac52a2-41bc-4bd5-bcbf-efb569636f42","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T21:44:27.215Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"a4ac52a2-41bc-4bd5-bcbf-efb569636f42","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"c19b071c-cfa3-4653-92d1-93d61d12c39e":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/c19b071c-cfa3-4653-92d1-93d61d12c39e","audio":"/edgenotes/c19b071c-cfa3-4653-92d1-93d61d12c39e/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/c19b071c-cfa3-4653-92d1-93d61d12c39e/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/c19b071c-cfa3-4653-92d1-93d61d12c39e/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"c19b071c-cfa3-4653-92d1-93d61d12c39e","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbUVUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--fb8770ede8e34b8a7b8eaab908c78a24fc401e40/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--5534a062407b3aeae96a165373fad97a1ba75b98/CSOMap.JPG","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbUVUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--fb8770ede8e34b8a7b8eaab908c78a24fc401e40/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--a61c3d04ba333ed4a410844889733e00edde3a90/CSOMap.JPG","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"Jennifer D. Beam and Jeffrey J. Braunscheidel, Rouge River Assesment, Figure 9, 1998","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T21:47:08.350Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"c19b071c-cfa3-4653-92d1-93d61d12c39e","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"ea8a95e9-91f0-4e01-b278-1dd5331e8d26":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/ea8a95e9-91f0-4e01-b278-1dd5331e8d26","audio":"/edgenotes/ea8a95e9-91f0-4e01-b278-1dd5331e8d26/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/ea8a95e9-91f0-4e01-b278-1dd5331e8d26/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/ea8a95e9-91f0-4e01-b278-1dd5331e8d26/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"ea8a95e9-91f0-4e01-b278-1dd5331e8d26","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T21:48:35.644Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"ea8a95e9-91f0-4e01-b278-1dd5331e8d26","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_a0xSLJbhfOdk03SDc3V0d5eTQ/view"},"509aa60d-9635-4809-9d51-d4aaefaff67a":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/509aa60d-9635-4809-9d51-d4aaefaff67a","audio":"/edgenotes/509aa60d-9635-4809-9d51-d4aaefaff67a/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/509aa60d-9635-4809-9d51-d4aaefaff67a/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/509aa60d-9635-4809-9d51-d4aaefaff67a/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"509aa60d-9635-4809-9d51-d4aaefaff67a","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T21:49:44.560Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"509aa60d-9635-4809-9d51-d4aaefaff67a","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/08/691409795/a-water-crisis-is-growing-in-a-place-youd-least-expect-it#:~:text=In%20Chicago%2C%20the%20cost%2
1550of,paid%20an%20astounding%20%241%2C151%20annually"},"c82e127f-1617-45b8-946d-5ed821072fe1":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/c82e127f-1617-45b8-946d-5ed821072fe1","audio":"/edgenotes/c82e127f-1617-45b8-946d-5ed821072fe1/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/c82e127f-1617-45b8-946d-5ed821072fe1/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/c82e127f-1617-45b8-946d-5ed821072fe1/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"c82e127f-1617-45b8-946d-5ed821072fe1","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbVFUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--50dc0d8d574921a4d61151fa369d9fe1ec168f52/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJY0c1bkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld1k2Q25OMGNtbHdWQT09IiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--ba224ffb49fada19bc7d971df5e1612c0932cba4/29-Figure1-1.png","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbVFUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--50dc0d8d574921a4d61151fa369d9fe1ec168f52/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJY0c1bkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld1k2Q25OMGNtbHdWQT09IiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--5e572e13ad7aebcc081e09e0e6448cc6ec732de1/29-Figure1-1.png","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"HURON RIVER WATERSHED COUNCIL","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T22:15:59.745Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"c82e127f-1617-45b8-946d-5ed821072fe1","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"a5ab5816-a853-495a-8e9a-c8ea1e6ef840":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/a5ab5816-a853-495a-8e9a-c8ea1e6ef840","audio":"/edgenotes/a5ab5816-a853-495a-8e9a-c8ea1e6ef840/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/a5ab5816-a853-495a-8e9a-c8ea1e6ef840/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/a5ab5816-a853-495a-8e9a-c8ea1e6ef840/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"a5ab5816-a853-495a-8e9a-c8ea1e6ef840","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T21:58:40.919Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"a5ab5816-a853-495a-8e9a-c8ea1e6ef840","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dREtXUij6_c"},"5919a5ae-0c65-4b4e-aa80-c7a08358db9a":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/5919a5ae-0c65-4b4e-aa80-c7a08358db9a","audio":"/edgenotes/5919a5ae-0c65-4b4e-aa80-c7a08358db9a/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/5919a5ae-0c65-4b4e-aa80-c7a08358db9a/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/5919a5ae-0c65-4b4e-aa80-c7a08358db9a/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"5919a5ae-0c65-4b4e-aa80-c7a08358db9a","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbUlUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--b82e067881d758c3526f74b3e800665c7c696f2a/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--4347d65dad0955607833e3bf3f622ef961b89a57/u-m-study-reveals-hot-spots-of-environmental-injustice-across-michigan-1024x863.jpg","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBbUlUIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--b82e067881d758c3526f74b3e800665c7c696f2a/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--34fd327f92ce518102b48685b87834a3062dfb74/u-m-study-reveals-hot-spots-of-environmental-injustice-across-michigan-1024x863.jpg","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"ZEUNER, GRIER, MAYOR, MOHAI, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T22:01:11.204Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"5919a5
155ae-0c65-4b4e-aa80-c7a08358db9a","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"fda31e55-cd29-4eeb-820b-beb54704d05e":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/fda31e55-cd29-4eeb-820b-beb54704d05e","audio":"/edgenotes/fda31e55-cd29-4eeb-820b-beb54704d05e/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/fda31e55-cd29-4eeb-820b-beb54704d05e/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/fda31e55-cd29-4eeb-820b-beb54704d05e/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"fda31e55-cd29-4eeb-820b-beb54704d05e","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T22:02:07.663Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"fda31e55-cd29-4eeb-820b-beb54704d05e","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://socialtextjournal.org/slow_violence_and_the_environmentalism_of_the_poor_an_interview_with_rob_nixon/"},"14901214-d19b-4ed9-ae1d-239f66b39d2e":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/14901214-d19b-4ed9-ae1d-239f66b39d2e","audio":"/edgenotes/14901214-d19b-4ed9-ae1d-239f66b39d2e/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/14901214-d19b-4ed9-ae1d-239f66b39d2e/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/14901214-d19b-4ed9-ae1d-239f66b39d2e/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"14901214-d19b-4ed9-ae1d-239f66b39d2e","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T22:05:58.276Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"14901214-d19b-4ed9-ae1d-239f66b39d2e","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.glri.us/node/159"},"dd704228-856c-495c-8d4e-7f8d4fb30165":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/dd704228-856c-495c-8d4e-7f8d4fb30165","audio":"/edgenotes/dd704228-856c-495c-8d4e-7f8d4fb30165/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/dd704228-856c-495c-8d4e-7f8d4fb30165/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/dd704228-856c-495c-8d4e-7f8d4fb30165/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"dd704228-856c-495c-8d4e-7f8d4fb30165","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T22:40:38.414Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"dd704228-856c-495c-8d4e-7f8d4fb30165","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://mi.water.usgs.gov/pdf/watersupplyintakes.pdf"},"905cb3ff-7492-4927-9c36-004a7cb61aaf":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/905cb3ff-7492-4927-9c36-004a7cb61aaf","audio":"/edgenotes/905cb3ff-7492-4927-9c36-004a7cb61aaf/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/905cb3ff-7492-4927-9c36-004a7cb61aaf/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/905cb3ff-7492-4927-9c36-004a7cb61aaf/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"905cb3ff-7492-4927-9c36-004a7cb61aaf","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-23T16:32:27.322Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"905cb3ff-7492-4927-9c36-004a7cb61aaf","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBKz0KkmgHg"},"80d157ef-24d0-4255-9c6c-11abe42a6dd2":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/80d157ef-24d0-4255-9c6c-11abe42a6dd2","audio":"/edgenotes/80d157ef-24d0-4255-9c6c-11abe42a6dd2/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/80d157ef-24d0-4255-9c6c-11abe42a6dd2/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/80d157ef-24d0-4255-9c6c-11abe42a6dd2/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"80d157ef-24d0-4255-9c6c-11abe42a6dd2","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"Bioindicators are living organisms such as plants, planktons, animals, and microbes, which are utilized to screen the health of the natural ecosystem in the environment.","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-09T22:37:58.732Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"80d157ef-24d0-4255-9c6c-11abe42a6dd2","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21553769.2016.1162753"},"bc7357ed-0449-4de8-8b41-a6feef6b6027":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/bc7357ed-0449-4de8-8b41-a6feef6b6027","audio":"/edgenotes/bc7357ed-0449-4de8-8b41-a6feef6b6027/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/bc7357ed-0449-4de8-8b41-a6feef6b6027/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/bc7357ed-0449-4de8-8b41-a6feef6b6027/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"bc7357ed-0449-4de8-8b41-a6feef6b6027","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-23T16:32:19.838Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"bc7357ed-0449-4de8-8b41-a6feef6b6027","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgQDMK3CINo"},"16a1ded7-0289-4da9-a274-2fee3750e2b8":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/16a1ded7-0289-4da9-a274-2fee3750e2b8","audio":"/edgenotes/16a1ded7-0289-4da9-a274-2fee3750e2b8/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/16a1ded7-0289-4da9-a274-2fee3750e2b8/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/16a1ded7-0289-4da9-a274-2fee3750e2b8/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"16a1ded7-0289-4da9-a274-2fee3750e2b8","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-24T20:57:03.108Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"16a1ded7-0289-4da9-a274-2fee3750e2b8","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.history.com/news/wwii-detroit-auto-factories-retooled-homefront"},"44a20516-d9d6-4d23-a689-d924f2512364":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/44a20516-d9d6-4d23-a689-d924f2512364","audio":"/edgenotes/44a20516-d9d6-4d23-a689-d924f2512364/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/44a20516-d9d6-4d23-a689-d924f2512364/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/44a20516-d9d6-4d23-a689-d924f2512364/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"44a20516-d9d6-4d23-a689-d924f2512364","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-24T21:04:26.927Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"44a20516-d9d6-4d23-a689-d924f2512364","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2019/09/14/ossian-sweet-house-being-preserved-reflect-civil-rights-struggle/2299884001/"},"4d69b301-96aa-4cbf-8fe2-af654c2a3284":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/4d69b301-96aa-4cbf-8fe2-af654c2a3284","audio":"/edgenotes/4d69b301-96aa-4cbf-8fe2-af654c2a3284/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/4d69b301-96aa-4cbf-8fe2-af654c2a3284/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/4d69b301-96aa-4cbf-8fe2-af654c2a3284/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"4d69b301-96aa-4cbf-8fe2-af654c2a3284","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-24T21:19:11.814Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"4d69b301-96aa-4cbf-8fe2-af654c2a3284","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=5522719\u0026fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjk3NDQ5MjE4LCJpYXQiOjE2MTQyMDE1MDQsImV4cCI6MTYxNDI4NzkwNH0.pGDnTGl8NaGV4s4IsvXjujzfM9fWcPyCuyEcKZr-nW0"},"6548557f-4877-4016-adc0-f10288557a81":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/6548557f-4877-4016-adc0-f10288557a81","audio":"/edgenotes/6548557f-4877-4016-adc0-f10288557a81/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/6548557f-4877-4016-adc0-f10288557a81/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/6548557f-4877-4016-adc0-f10288557a81/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"6548557f-4877-4016-adc0-f10288557a81","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"PAHs are created when products like coal,\noil, gas, and garbage are burned but the burning\nprocess is not complete. . . PAHs are a concern because they are persistent.\nBecause they do not burn very easily, they can\nstay in the environment for long periods of time. ","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-24T21:34:20.661Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"6548557f-4877-4016-adc0-f10288557a81","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/wastemin/web/pdf/pahs.pdf"},"6d4c9252-fa04-4394-bc4c-56812886aa1a":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/6d4c9252-fa04-4394-bc4c-56812886aa1a","audio":"/edgenotes/6d4c9252-fa04-4394-bc4c-56812886aa1a/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/6d4c9252-fa04-4394-bc4c-56812886aa1a/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/6d4c9252-fa04-4394-bc4c-56812886aa1a/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"6d4c9252-fa04-4394-bc4c-56812886aa1a","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-24T21:35:30.045Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"6d4c9252-fa04-4394-bc4c-56812886aa1a","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.epa.gov/nps/basic-information-about-nonpoint-source-nps-pollution"},"40d7dc4d-2a06-43cf-b748-0e4fd54aac0d":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/40d7dc4d-2a06-43cf-b748-0e4fd54aac0d","audio":"/edgenotes/40d7dc4d-2a06-43cf-b748-0e4fd54aac0d/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/40d7dc4d-2a06-43cf-b748-0e4fd54aac0d/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/40d7dc4d-2a06-43cf-b748-0e4fd54aac0d/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"40d7dc4d-2a06-43cf-b748-0e4fd54aac0d","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"You can tell a lot about a place by who doesn't want to be there any more. Or, conversely, by who wants to move in. ","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-24T21:54:58.863Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"40d7dc4d-2a06-43cf-b748-0e4fd54aac0d","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-01/mapping-60-years-of-white-flight-brain-drain-and-american-migration"},"9a643237-4213-4792-92e9-585d40f2c4ad":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/9a643237-4213-4792-92e9-585d40f2c4ad","audio":"/edgenotes/9a643237-4213-4792-92e9-585d40f2c4ad/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/9a643237-4213-4792-92e9-585d40f2c4ad/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/9a643237-4213-4792-92e9-585d40f2c4ad/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"9a643237-4213-4792-92e9-585d40f2c4ad","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-02-24T21:58:11.689Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"9a643237-4213-4792-92e9-585d40f2c4ad","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://detroit1967.detroithistorical.org/collections/show/23"},"ae99755b-8b55-441a-a35e-730a34de80bd":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/ae99755b-8b55-441a-a35e-730a34de80bd","audio":"/edgenotes/ae99755b-8b55-441a-a35e-730a34de80bd/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/ae99755b-8b55-441a-a35e-730a34de80bd/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/ae99755b-8b55-441a-a35e-730a34de80bd/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"ae99755b-8b55-441a-a35e-730a34de80bd","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-08T21:09:49.332Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"ae99755b-8b55-441a-a35e-730a34de80bd","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.glri.us/node/159"},"02d15d9e-c971-416e-9490-702876fe27b3":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/02d15d9e-c971-416e-9490-702876fe27b3","audio":"/edgenotes/02d15d9e-c971-416e-9490-702876fe27b3/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/02d15d9e-c971-416e-9490-702876fe27b3/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/02d15d9e-c971-416e-9490-702876fe27b3/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"02d15d9e-c971-416e-9490-702876fe27b3","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":"https://www.learngala.com/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBdjhUIiwi
155ZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--050b0df1d9faac984672c2d9b09038522b07d3fc/The%20River%20Styx.pdf","layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBZ0FVIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--be7bc68cc4c401d47335829835081ebefea66241/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--5534a062407b3aeae96a165373fad97a1ba75b98/TheRiverStyxImage.JPG","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBZ0FVIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--be7bc68cc4c401d47335829835081ebefea66241/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--a61c3d04ba333ed4a410844889733e00edde3a90/TheRiverStyxImage.JPG","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-09T01:14:52.732Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"02d15d9e-c971-416e-9490-702876fe27b3","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"49e6b2a7-5edb-4238-9507-7b774a763d64":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/49e6b2a7-5edb-4238-9507-7b774a763d64","audio":"/edgenotes/49e6b2a7-5edb-4238-9507-7b774a763d64/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/49e6b2a7-5edb-4238-9507-7b774a763d64/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/49e6b2a7-5edb-4238-9507-7b774a763d64/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"49e6b2a7-5edb-4238-9507-7b774a763d64","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":"https://www.learngala.com/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBaGNVIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--e4d3cbdf95ce7fdb98f41eacf86b420066f3749d/Stokely%20Carmichael%20Quote%20Page.pdf","layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBaFlVIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--6bd0f7ffc9306edc1e157f1235d7ee170657b065/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--5534a062407b3aeae96a165373fad97a1ba75b98/UrbanUnrestImage.JPG","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBaFlVIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--6bd0f7ffc9306edc1e157f1235d7ee170657b065/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJU2xCSEJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--a61c3d04ba333ed4a410844889733e00edde3a90/UrbanUnrestImage.JPG","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-10T01:58:42.746Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"49e6b2a7-5edb-4238-9507-7b774a763d64","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":""},"5fde8d51-b1b6-4f7f-a6ef-a71cd9435414":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/5fde8d51-b1b6-4f7f-a6ef-a71cd9435414","audio":"/edgenotes/5fde8d51-b1b6-4f7f-a6ef-a71cd9435414/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/5fde8d51-b1b6-4f7f-a6ef-a71cd9435414/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/5fde8d51-b1b6-4f7f-a6ef-a71cd9435414/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"5fde8d51-b1b6-4f7f-a6ef-a71cd9435414","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"r
155ight","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-10T03:30:26.123Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"5fde8d51-b1b6-4f7f-a6ef-a71cd9435414","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://u.osu.edu/enrfishtax/2017/11/01/migratory-fish-of-the-great-lakes/"},"40c0bd38-a3f9-426a-a72a-d1db76197613":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/40c0bd38-a3f9-426a-a72a-d1db76197613","audio":"/edgenotes/40c0bd38-a3f9-426a-a72a-d1db76197613/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/40c0bd38-a3f9-426a-a72a-d1db76197613/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/40c0bd38-a3f9-426a-a72a-d1db76197613/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"40c0bd38-a3f9-426a-a72a-d1db76197613","altText":null,"attribution":"Alliance of Rouge Communities","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"The purpose of the Alliance of Rouge Communities (ARC) is to encourage watershed-wide cooperation and support\nto restore beneficial uses of the Rouge River to the area residents while meeting water quality permit requirements!\n\n\n","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-10T05:07:36.400Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"40c0bd38-a3f9-426a-a72a-d1db76197613","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.allianceofrougecommunities.com/"},"d3fa00f7-23d1-4c1b-b0bc-75042a815598":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/d3fa00f7-23d1-4c1b-b0bc-75042a815598","audio":"/edgenotes/d3fa00f7-23d1-4c1b-b0bc-75042a815598/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/d3fa00f7-23d1-4c1b-b0bc-75042a815598/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/d3fa00f7-23d1-4c1b-b0bc-75042a815598/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"d3fa00f7-23d1-4c1b-b0bc-75042a815598","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":null,"imageUrl":null,"instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2021-03-23T16:32:12.271Z","caption":"","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"d3fa00f7-23d1-4c1b-b0bc-75042a815598","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdFLPUSJECU\u0026ab_channel=FarmingtonHills%2CMichigan"},"97a8d176-fe0e-4896-bf9e-4fdd8be85873":{"links":{"self":"/edgenotes/97a8d176-fe0e-4896-bf9e-4fdd8be85873","audio":"/edgenotes/97a8d176-fe0e-4896-bf9e-4fdd8be85873/attachments/audio","image":"/edgenotes/97a8d176-fe0e-4896-bf9e-4fdd8be85873/attachments/image","file":"/edgenotes/97a8d176-fe0e-4896-bf9e-4fdd8be85873/attachments/file"},"type":"Edgenote","table":"edgenotes","param":"97a8d176-fe0e-4896-bf9e-4fdd8be85873","altText":null,"attribution":"","audioUrl":null,"callToAction":"","embedCode":"","fileUrl":null,"layout":"right","iconSlug":null,"imageThumbnailUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBZ21NIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--aad70ec055dd70984c2266a02380c6f4ed12a63d/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2RkhKbGMybDZaVjkwYjE5c2FXMXBkRnNIYVFLQUFta0NnQUk2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--4347d65dad0955607833e3bf3f622ef961b89a57/6a0d41ae7097f0ae8339073063c4ae87cf6f33e2.jpg","imageUrl":"/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBZ21NIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--aad70ec055dd70984c2266a02380c6f4ed12a63d/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCem9MWm05eWJXRjBTU0lJYW5CbkJqb0dSVlE2Q25OaGRtVnlld2s2RkhOaGJYQnNhVzVuTFdaaFkzUnZja2tpQ2pRNk1qb3dCanNHVkRvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYU9nOWpiMnh2Y25Od1lXTmxTU0lKYzFKSFFnWTdCbFE2RG1sdWRHVnliR0ZqWlVraUNXeHBibVVHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--34fd327f92ce518102b48685b87834a3062dfb74/6a0d41ae7097f0ae8339073063c4ae87cf6f33e2.jpg","instructions":"","pdfUrl":"","photoCredit":"","pullQuote":"","style":"v2","updatedAt":"2026-02-12T21:46:16.962Z","caption":"The growth of suburbia","content":"","format":"aside","slug":"97a8d176-fe0e-4896-bf9e-4fdd8be85873","thumbnailUrl":null,"websiteUrl":"https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/postwar-era/a/the-growth-of-suburbia"}},"pages":{"1961":{"type":"Page","table":"pages","param":"1961","i
155d":1961,"position":null,"title":"Introduction","iconSlug":null,"url":"/pages/1961","cards":["6860","5342"],"caseElement":{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2113","id":2113,"caseId":702,"elementId":1961,"elementType":"Page","position":1,"elementStore":"pagesById"}},"1967":{"type":"Page","table":"pages","param":"1967","id":1967,"position":null,"title":"Introductory Map Activity","iconSlug":"activity-explore","url":"/pages/1967","cards":["5348","5517","5518","5519","5520","5521","5522","5523","5524"],"caseElement":{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2119","id":2119,"caseId":702,"elementId":1967,"elementType":"Page","position":2,"elementStore":"pagesById"}},"1962":{"type":"Page","table":"pages","param":"1962","id":1962,"position":null,"title":"Industrialization on the Rouge","iconSlug":null,"url":"/pages/1962","cards":["5343","5490","5504","5491","5493"],"caseElement":{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2114","id":2114,"caseId":702,"elementId":1962,"elementType":"Page","position":3,"elementStore":"pagesById"}},"1963":{"type":"Page","table":"pages","param":"1963","id":1963,"position":null,"title":"The Great Migration and the World Wars","iconSlug":null,"url":"/pages/1963","cards":["5344","5505","5506","5508","5509"],"caseElement":{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2115","id":2115,"caseId":702,"elementId":1963,"elementType":"Page","position":4,"elementStore":"pagesById"}},"1964":{"type":"Page","table":"pages","param":"1964","id":1964,"position":null,"title":"Population and Development Spread","iconSlug":null,"url":"/pages/1964","cards":["5345","6927","6928","6929"],"caseElement":{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2116","id":2116,"caseId":702,"elementId":1964,"elementType":"Page","position":5,"elementStore":"pagesById"}},"1965":{"type":"Page","table":"pages","param":"1965","id":1965,"position":null,"title":"The Civil Rights Movement","iconSlug":null,"url":"/pages/1965","cards":["5346","6973","6974","6975","6976"],"caseElement":{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2117","id":2117,"caseId":702,"elementId":1965,"elementType":"Page","position":6,"elementStore":"pagesById"}},"1966":{"type":"Page","table":"pages","param":"1966","id":1966,"position":null,"title":"The Environmental Movement","iconSlug":null,"url":"/pages/1966","cards":["5347","6977","6978","6979"],"caseElement":{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2118","id":2118,"caseId":702,"elementId":1966,"elementType":"Page","position":7,"elementStore":"pagesById"}},"1968":{"type":"Page","table":"pages","param":"1968","id":1968,"position":null,"title":"Where Are We Now?","iconSlug":null,"url":"/pages/1968","cards":["5349","7013","7018","7014"],"caseElement":{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2120","id":2120,"caseId":702,"elementId":1968,"elementType":"Page","position":8,"elementStore":"pagesById"}},"2609":{"type":"Page","table":"pages","param":"2609","id":2609,"position":null,"title":"Final Reflection","iconSlug":null,"url":"/pages/2609","cards":["7133","7134"],"caseElement":{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2794","id":2794,"caseId":702,"elementId":2609,"elementType":"Page","position":9,"elementStore":"pagesById"}},"1969":{"type":"Page","table":"pages","param":"1969","id":1969,"position":null,"title":"Concluding Map Activity","iconSlug":"activity-explore","url":"/pages/1969","cards":["5350","5525","5526","5527","5528","5529","5530"],"caseElement":{"type":"CaseElement","table":"case_elements","param":"2121","id":2121,"caseId":702,"elementId":1969,"elementType":"Page","position":10,"elementStore":"pagesById"}}},"podcasts":{}} 156 157//]]> 158</script>
158 159 160 161 162<footer class='footer'> 163<div class='footer__container'> 164<div class='footer__copyright'> 165© 2016 â 1662026 167The Regents of the University of Michigan 168</div> 169<div class='footer__links'> 170<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://docs.learngala.com">Get Help</a> 171<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://github.com/galahq/gala">Open Source</a> 172<a class='footer__release' href='https://github.com/galahq/gala/releases/tag/v1.15.0'> 173v1.15.0 174</a> 175</div> 176</div> 177</footer> 178 179 180 181 </body> 182</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.