1<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 2<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> 3<head profile="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> 4<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> 5<title>About This Web Publication | Lingua Franca</title> 6<link rel="pingback" href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/xmlrpc.php" /> 7<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> 8 9<!-- Async WordPress.com Remote Login -->
10<script id="wpcom_remote_login_js"> 11var wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth = ''; 12function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( element_id ) { 13 var dom_node = document.getElementById( element_id ); 14 if ( dom_node ) { dom_node.parentNode.removeChild( dom_node ); } 15} 16function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) { 17 var dom_nodes = document.querySelectorAll( '.' + class_name ); 18 for ( var i = 0; i < dom_nodes.length; i++ ) { 19 dom_nodes[ i ].parentNode.removeChild( dom_nodes[ i ] ); 20 } 21} 22function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() { 23 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" ); 24 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); 25 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); 26 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" ); 27 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" ); 28 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" ); 29} 30 31// Watch for messages back from the remote login 32window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) { 33 if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) { 34 var data = {}; 35 try { 36 data = JSON.parse( e.data ); 37 } catch( e ) { 38 wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); 39 return; 40 } 41 42 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN' ) { 43 // Clean up the login check iframe 44 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); 45 46 var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ ); 47 var token_regex = new RegExp( /^.*|.*|.*$/ ); 48 if ( 49 token_regex.test( data.token ) 50 && id_regex.test( data.wpcomid ) 51 ) { 52 // We have everything we need to ask for a login 53 var script = document.createElement( "script" ); 54 script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); 55 script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate' 56 + '&wpcomid=' + data.wpcomid 57 + '&token=' + encodeURIComponent( data.token ) 58 + '&host=' + window.location.protocol 59 + '//' + window.location.hostname 60 + '&postid=2' 61 + '&is_singular='; 62 document.body.appendChild( script ); 63 } 64 65 return; 66 } 67 68 // Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect 69 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REDIRECT' ) { 70 window.location = 'https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=' + window.location.href; 71 return; 72 } 73 74 // Safari ITP, storage access failed, remove the request 75 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REMOVE' ) { 76 var css_zap = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } }'; 77 var style_zap = document.createElement( 'style' ); 78 style_zap.type = 'text/css'; 79 style_zap.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css_zap ) ); 80 document.body.appendChild( style_zap ); 81 82 var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' ); 83 e.parentNode.removeChild( e ); 84 85 document.cookie = 'wordpress_com_login_access=denied; path=/; max-age=31536000'; 86 87 return; 88 } 89 90 // Safari ITP 91 if ( data.msg === 'REQUEST_ACCESS' ) { 92 console.log( 'request access: safari' ); 93 94 // Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob 95 if ( wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth !== 'safari_itp_iframe' ) { 96 return; 97 } 98 99 // If we are in a "private window" there is no ITP. 100 var private_window = false; 101 try { 102 var opendb = window.openDatabase( null, null, null, null ); 103 } catch( e ) { 104 private_window = true; 105 } 106 107 if ( private_window ) { 108 console.log( 'private window' ); 109 return; 110 } 111 112 var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' ); 113 iframe.id = 'wpcom_request_access_iframe'; 114 iframe.setAttribute( 'scrolling', 'no' ); 115 iframe.setAttribute( 'sandbox', 'allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation' ); 116 iframe.src = 'https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=request_access&origin=' + encodeURIComponent( data.origin ) + '&wpcomid=' + encodeURIComponent( data.wpcomid ); 117 118 var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } '; 119 120 var style = document.createElement( 'style' ); 121 style.type = 'text/css'; 122 style.id = 'wpcom_request_access_styles'; 123 style.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css ) ); 124 document.body.appendChild( style ); 125 126 document.body.appendChild( iframe ); 127 } 128 129 if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) { 130 wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); 131 } 132 } 133}, false ); 134 135// Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load 136// more critical resources 137window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) { 138 var iframe = document.createElement( "iframe" );
139 iframe.style.display = "none"; 140 iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" ); 141 iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); 142 iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php" 143 + "?wpcom_remote_login=key" 144 + "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9zc3VsaW5ndWFmcmFuY2Eub3Jn" 145 + "&wpcomid=6073825" 146 + "&time=" + Math.floor( Date.now() / 1000 ); 147 document.body.appendChild( iframe ); 148}, false ); 149</script>
149 150<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> 151<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> 152<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> 153<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> 154<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Lingua Franca » Feed" href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/feed/" /> 155<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Lingua Franca » Comments Feed" href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/comments/feed/" /> 156<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Lingua Franca » About This Web Publication Comments Feed" href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/feed/" /> 157
157<script type="text/javascript"> 158 /* <![CDATA[ */ 159 function addLoadEvent(func) { 160 var oldonload = window.onload; 161 if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { 162 window.onload = func; 163 } else { 164 window.onload = function () { 165 oldonload(); 166 func(); 167 } 168 } 169 } 170 /* ]]> */ 171 </script>
171 172 <style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css"> 173img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px} 174/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */ 175</style> 176<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='/_static/??/wp-content/mu-plugins/likes/jetpack-likes.css,/wp-content/mu-plugins/infinity/themes/pub/ocean-mist.css?m=1743883414j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 177<style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css"> 178 179 img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { 180 display: inline !important; 181 border: none !important; 182 box-shadow: none !important; 183 height: 1em !important; 184 width: 1em !important; 185 margin: 0 0.07em !important; 186 vertical-align: -0.1em !important; 187 background: none !important; 188 padding: 0 !important; 189 } 190/*# sourceURL=wp-emoji-styles-inline-css */ 191</style> 192<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css"> 193:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;
193--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-break:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-color],[style*=";border-color"],[style*="; border-color"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-color],[style*=";border-top-color"],[style*="; border-top-color"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-color],[style*=";border-right-color"],[style*="; border-right-color"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-color],[style*=";border-bottom-color"],[style*="; border-bottom-color"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-color],[style*=";border-left-color"],[style*="; border-left-color"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-width],[style*=";border-width"],[style*="; border-width"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-width],[style*=";border-top-width"],[style*="; border-top-width"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-width],[style*=";border-right-width"],[style*="; border-right-width"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-width],[style*=";border-bottom-width"],[style*="; border-bottom-width"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-width],[style*=";border-left-width"],[style*="; border-left-width"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}} 194 195/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/common.min.css */ 196</style> 197<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css-extra"> 198.has-text-align-justify { 199 text-align:justify; 200} 201.has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} 202/*# sourceURL=wp-block-library-inline-css */ 203</style> 204 205<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css"> 206.wp-block-button__link{background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;color:#fff;font-size:1.125em;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff}.wp-block-accordion-heading{margin:0}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle{background-color:inherit!important;color:inherit!important}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:not(:focus-visible){outline:none}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:focus,.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:hover{background-color:inherit!important;border:none;box-shadow:none;color:inherit;padding:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20,1em) 0;text-decoration:none}.wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle:focus-visible{outline:auto;outline-offset:0}.wp-block-tab:not(.has-text-color){color:inherit!important}.wp-block-tab:not(.has-background){background-color:inherit!important}.wp-block-tab:focus,.wp-block-tab:hover{text-decoration:none}.wp-block-tab:focus-visible{outline:auto;outline-offset:0} 207/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/styles/block-library/classic.min.css */ 208</style> 209 210<style id="coblocks-inline-format-inline-css"> 211.uppercase{text-transform:uppercase} 212/*# sourceURL=coblocks-inline-format-inline-css */ 213</style> 214<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='/_static/??/wp-content/mu-plugins/core-compat/wp-mediaelement.css,/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-bbpress-premium-themes.css?m=1432920480j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 215<style id="global-styles-inline-css"> 216:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,
2160) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}.wp-block-button{--wp--preset--dimension--25: 25%;--wp--preset--dimension--50: 50%;--wp--preset--dimension--75: 75%;--wp--preset--dimension--100: 100%;}:where(body) { margin: 0; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}
216.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} 217/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */ 218</style> 219 220<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-14-1' href='/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.css?m=1785880900i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 221<link rel='stylesheet' id='verbum-gutenberg-css-css' href='https://widgets.wp.com/verbum-block-editor/block-editor.css?ver=1771405207' media='all' /> 222<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-16-1' href='/wp-content/themes/pub/ocean-mist/style.css?m=1741693338i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 223<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-18-1' href='/_static/??-eJzTLy/QTc7PK0nNK9HPLdUtyClNz8wr1i9KTcrJTwcy0/WTi5G5ekCujj52Temp+bo5+cmJJZn5eSgc3bScxMwikFb7XFtDE1NLExMLc0OTLACohS2q&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 224<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='print-css-19-1' href='/wp-content/mu-plugins/global-print/global-print.css?m=1465851035i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='print' /> 225<style id="jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css"> 226:root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} 227/*# sourceURL=jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css */ 228</style> 229<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-22-1' href='/_static/??-eJyNjcsKAjEMRX/ImhmUURfip0inLW3GNCmmQfx7H7gRN+7ugcs5cGsuCPfEHaq5RpaRFZbUmw+XD4MaQ5VolBS0+GuKPsb7eyLndVBdwd+iM3KA2ZAiqAT05Eiy6Bf8KHtJ9RkvW8gks6fX4VSP426/mQ7TMA7LA38FSqA=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' />
230<script id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> 231var actionbardata = {"siteID":"6073825","postID":"2","siteURL":"https://ssulinguafranca.org","xhrURL":"https://ssulinguafranca.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"8d3428c4ce","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/js/wpcom-proxy-request.js?m=1513050504i&ver=20211021","shortlink":"https://wp.me/Ppu4V-2","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your \u003Ca href=\"https://wordpress.com/reader\"\u003EReader\u003C/a\u003E","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar","shortLinkCopied":"Copied to clipboard."}}; 232//# sourceURL=wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra 233</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 233
233
234<script id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> 235var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/"}; 236//# sourceURL=jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before 237</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 237
237
238<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='/wp-content/js/rlt-proxy.js?m=1720530689i'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 238
238
239<script id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> 240 rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); 241//# sourceURL=rlt-proxy-js-after 242</script>
242 243<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> 244<meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" /> 245<link rel="canonical" href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/" /> 246<link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/Ppu4V-2' /> 247<link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=json&url=https%3A%2F%2Fssulinguafranca.org%2Fabout%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/xml+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=xml&url=https%3A%2F%2Fssulinguafranca.org%2Fabout%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /> 248<!-- Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> 249<meta property="og:type" content="article" /> 250<meta property="og:title" content="About This Web Publication" /> 251<meta property="og:url" content="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/" /> 252<meta property="og:description" content="lingua fran·ca n., pl. lingua fran·cas also linguae fran·cae. 1. A medium of communication between peoples of different languages. 2. A mixture of Italian with Provençal, French, Spanish, Arabic, G…" /> 253<meta property="article:published_time" content="2008-12-01T17:00:26+00:00" /> 254<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-05-04T21:22:25+00:00" /> 255<meta property="og:site_name" content="Lingua Franca" /> 256<meta property="og:image" content="https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg?m=1383295312i" /> 257<meta property="og:image:width" content="200" /> 258<meta property="og:image:height" content="200" /> 259<meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> 260<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> 261<meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/WordPresscom" /> 262<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@SalemLanguages" /> 263<meta name="twitter:site" content="@SalemLanguages" /> 264<meta name="twitter:text:title" content="About This Web Publication" /> 265<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> 266 267<!-- End Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> 268<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico?m=1713425267i" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> 269<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico?m=1713425267i" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> 270<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://s2.wp.com/i/webclip.png?m=1713868326i" /> 271<link rel='openid.server' href='https://ssulinguafranca.org/?openidserver=1' /> 272<link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://ssulinguafranca.org/' /> 273<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/osd.xml" title="Lingua Franca" /> 274<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> 275 <style id="wpcom-hotfix-masterbar-style"> 276 @media screen and (min-width: 783px) { 277 #wpadminbar .quicklinks li#wp-admin-bar-my-account.with-avatar > a img { 278 margin-top: 5px; 279 } 280 } 281 </style> 282 <style>.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <style type="text/css"> 283 .recentcomments a { 284 display: inline !important; 285 padding: 0 !important; 286 margin: 0 !important; 287 } 288 289 table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { 290 border: 0px; 291 margin: 0; 292 } 293 294 table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { 295 border: 0px !important; 296 background-color: transparent !important; 297 } 298 299 td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { 300 padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; 301 margin: 0px; 302 } 303 304 td.recentcommentstextend { 305 border: none !important; 306 padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; 307 } 308 309 .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { 310 padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; 311 } 312 313 td.recentcommentstexttop { 314 border: none; 315 padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; 316 } 317 318 .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { 319 padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; 320 } 321 </style> 322 <meta name="description" content="lingua fran·ca n., pl. lingua fran·cas also linguae fran·cae. 1. A medium of communication between peoples of different languages. 2. A mixture of Ital
322ian with Provençal, French, Spanish, Arabic, Greek, and Turkish, formerly spoken on the eastern Mediterranean coast, mostly by merchants, until the 18th century Origin: From Italian lingua, language + franca, Frankish [language…" /> 323 <style type="text/css"> 324 #mainpic { 325 background: url('https://ssulinguafranca.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/deptheader.jpg') no-repeat; 326 } 327 </style> 328 <link rel="stylesheet" id="custom-css-css" type="text/css" href="https://s0.wp.com/?custom-css=1&csblog=pu4V&cscache=6&csrev=1" /> 329 <style id="jetpack-subscriptions-inline-css"> 330#subscribe-email input { 331 width: 95%; 332} 333 334.comment-subscription-form { 335 margin-bottom: 1em; 336} 337 338.comment-subscription-form .subscribe-label { 339 display: inline !important; 340} 341 342/* 343Text meant only for screen readers. 344Provides support for themes that do not bundle this CSS yet. 345@see https://make.wordpress.org/accessibility/2015/02/09/hiding-text-for-screen-readers-with-wordpress-core/ 346***********************************/ 347.screen-reader-text { 348 border: 0; 349 clip-path: inset(50%); 350 height: 1px; 351 margin: -1px; 352 overflow: hidden; 353 padding: 0; 354 position: absolute !important; 355 width: 1px; 356 overflow-wrap: normal !important; 357} 358 359/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/_inc/build/subscriptions/subscriptions.min.css */ 360</style> 361 362</head> 363<body class="wp-singular page-template-default page-id-2 wp-theme-pubocean-mist customizer-styles-applied jetpack-reblog-enabled"> 364 365<div id="page"> 366 <div id="header"> 367 <h1><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/">Lingua Franca</a></h1> 368 <div class="description">The Annual Newsletter of the Department of World Languages & Cultures at Salem State University </div> 369 <div id="mainpic"> 370 <a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/"> 371 </a> 372 </div> 373 <ul class="pagetabs" id="pagetabs"> 374 <li class="page_item page-item-2 current_page_item"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/" aria-current="page">About This Web Publication</a></li> 375<li class="page_item page-item-400"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/">Main Page</a></li> 376</ul> 377 378 </div> 379 380 <div id="content" class="narrowcolumn"> 381 382 <div class="postwrapper" id="post-2"> 383 <div class="title"> 384 <h2>About This Web Publication</h2> 385 </div> 386 <div class="page"> 387 <div class="entry"> 388 <table style="height:163px;" border="1" width="500" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"> 389<tbody> 390<tr> 391<td align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#ffffcc" width="100%"> 392<p style="font-size:105%;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica;color:#1e1c77;font-size:125%;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Sans-serif;font-size:125%;">lingua fran·ca <em> n.</em>,</span> </span> <span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica;color:#1e1c77;"><span style="font-family:Arial, Sans-serif;"><em>pl.</em> lingua fran·cas also linguae fran·cae. </span></span></p> 393<p style="font-size:95%;margin:2px;">1. A medium of communication between peoples of different languages.</p> 394<p style="font-size:95%;margin:2px;">2. A mixture of Italian with Provençal, French, Spanish, Arabic, Greek, and Turkish, formerly spoken on the eastern Mediterranean coast, mostly by merchants, until the 18th century</p> 395<p style="font-size:95%;margin:2px;"><strong>Origin</strong>: From Italian <em>lingua</em>, language + <em>franca</em>, Frankish<br /> 396[language of the Franks].</p> 397<p style="font-size:95%;color:#1e1c77;margin:2px;">(The American Heritage Dictionary)</p> 398</td> 399</tr> 400</tbody> 401</table> 402<p><strong>Lingua Franca</strong> is the newsletter of the <a href="http://www.salemstate.edu/languages/">Department of World Languages & Cultures</a> at <a href="http://www.salemstate.edu">Salem State University</a> in Salem, Massachusetts. It is published twice a year and it is meant for the whole Salem State University community, as well as the surrounding North Shore community, for anybody who is interested in languages and cultures.</p> 403<p>Lingua Franca has been published on paper since its inception in 2003. It has also always been available in PDF format online. Since Fall 2008 (issue 6.1) it is also available as a Web publication (“blog”).</p> 404<h3><strong>Issues in this Web Publication (blog)<br /> 405</strong></h3> 406<ul> 407<li><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/2021/05/04/volume-18-fall-spring-2020-2021-contents/"><strong>Volume 18, Fall-Spring 2020-2021</strong> Coronavirus Edition II (no paper version)</a></li> 408<li><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2020/04/27/volume-17-fall-spring-2019-2020-contents/"><strong>
408Volume 17, Fall-Spring 2019-2020</strong> Coronavirus Edition (no paper version)</a></li> 409<li><strong><a class="post-item__title-link" href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2019/04/24/volume-16-fall-spring-2018-2019-contents/">Volume 16, Fall-Spring 2018-2019</a></strong> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca16-18-19.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 410<li><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2017/12/11/volume-15-issue-1-fall-2017-contents"><strong>Issue 15.1, Fall 2017</strong></a> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca151fall17.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 411<li><strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2017/04/28/volume-14-issue-2-spring-2017-contents/">Issue 14.2, Spring 2017</a></strong> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca142spring17.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 412<li><strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2016/12/13/volume-14-issue-1-fall-2016-contents/">Issue 14.1, Fall 2016</a></strong> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca141fall16.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 413<li><strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2016/04/28/volume-13-issue-2-spring-2016-contents">Issue 13.2, Spring 2016</a></strong> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca132spring16.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 414<li><strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2015/12/01/volume-13-issue-1-fall-2015-contents/">Issue 13.1, Fall 2015</a></strong> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca131fall15.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 415<li><strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2015/05/01/volume-12-issue-2-spring-2015-contents/">Issue 12.2, Spring 2015</a></strong> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca122spring15.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 416<li><strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2014/11/24/volume-12-issue-1-fall-2014-contents/">Issue 12.1, Fall 2014</a></strong> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca121fall14.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 417<li><strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2014/05/01/volume-11-issue-2-spring-2014-contents/">Issue 11.2, Spring 2014</a></strong> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca112spring14.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 418<li><strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2013/11/27/volume-11-issue-1-fall-2013-contents/">Issue 11.1, Fall 2013</a></strong> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca111fall13.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 419<li><strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2013/05/01/volume-10-issue-2-spring-2013-contents/">Issue 10.2, Spring 2013</a></strong> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca102spring13.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 420<li><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2012/11/30/volume-10-issue-1-fall-2012-contents-2/"><strong>Issue 10.1, Fall 2012</strong></a> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca101fall12.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 421<li><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2012/04/25/volume-9-issue-2-spring-2012-contents/"><strong>Issue 9.2, Spring 2012</strong></a> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca092spring12.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 422<li><strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2011/12/08/volume-9-issue-1-fall-2011-contents/">Issue 9.1, Fall 2011</a></strong> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca091fall11.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 423<li><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2011/04/23/volume-8-issue-2-spring-2011-contents/"><strong>Issue 8.2, Spring 2011</strong></a> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca082spring11.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 424<li><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2010/12/01/volume-8-issue-1-fall-2010-contents/"><strong>Issue 8.1, Fall 2010</strong></a> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca081fall10.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 425<li><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2010/05/03/volume-7-issue-2-spring-2010-contents/"><strong>Issue 7.2, Spring 2010</strong></a> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca072spring10.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 426<li><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/volume-7-issue-1-fall-2009-contents/"><strong>Issue 7.1, Fall 2009</strong></a> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca071fall09.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 427<li><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/volume-6-issue-2-spring-2009-contents/"><strong>Issue 6.2, Spring 2009</strong></a> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca062spring09.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 428<li><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2008/12/01/volume-6-issue-1-fall-2008-contents"><strong>Issue 6.1, Fall 2008</strong></a> – <a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca061fall08.pdf">PDF Facsimile of the paper version</a></li> 429</ul> 430<h3><strong>Past issues: PDF facsimile of paper version</strong></h3> 431<ul> 432<li><a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca052spring08.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vol. 5, Issue 2, Spring 2008</a> (4/28)</li> 433<li><a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca051fall07.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vol. 5, Issue 1, Fall 2007</a> (12/1)</li> 434<li><a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca042spring07.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vol. 4, Issue 2, Spring 2007</a> (4/30)</li> 435<li><a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca041fall06.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vol. 4, Issue 1, Fall 2006</a> (12/4)</li> 436<li><a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca032spring06.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vol. 3, Issue 2, Spring 2006</a> (5/01)</li> 437<li><a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca031fall05.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vol. 3, Issue 1, Fall 2005</a> (12/05)</li> 438<li><a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca022spring05.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vol. 2, Issue 2, Spring 2005</a> (5/05)</li> 439<li><a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca021fall04.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vol. 2, Issue 1, Fall 2004</a> (10/04)</li> 440<li><a href="http://w3.salemstate.edu/~jaske/linguafranca/linguafranca012spring04.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vol. 1, Issue 2, Spring 2004</a> (4/04)</li> 441<li><a href="lrc.salemstate.edu/linguafranca/linguafranca011fall03.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vol. 1, Issue 1, Fall 2003</a> (11/03)</li> 442</ul> 443<div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-en
443abled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 444 data-shared="sharing-facebook-2" 445 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" 446 href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/?share=facebook" 447 target="_blank" 448 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-2" 449 > 450 <span id="sharing-facebook-2" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 451 <span>Facebook</span> 452 </a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 453 data-shared="sharing-print-2" 454 class="share-print sd-button share-icon no-text" 455 href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/#print?share=print" 456 target="_blank" 457 aria-labelledby="sharing-print-2" 458 > 459 <span id="sharing-print-2" hidden>Print (Opens in new window)</span> 460 <span>Print</span> 461 </a></li><li class="share-email"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 462 data-shared="sharing-email-2" 463 class="share-email sd-button share-icon no-text" 464 href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20About%20This%20Web%20Publication&body=https%3A%2F%2Fssulinguafranca.org%2Fabout%2F&share=email" 465 target="_blank" 466 aria-labelledby="sharing-email-2" 467 data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="1e4c2d525d" data-email-share-track-url="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/?share=email"> 468 <span id="sharing-email-2" hidden>Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window)</span> 469 <span>Email</span> 470 </a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 471 data-shared="sharing-twitter-2" 472 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" 473 href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/?share=twitter" 474 target="_blank" 475 aria-labelledby="sharing-twitter-2" 476 > 477 <span id="sharing-twitter-2" hidden>Share on X (Opens in new window)</span> 478 <span>X</span> 479 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-6073825-2-6ab47572df9c3' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20260924#blog_id=6073825&post_id=2&origin=ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com&obj_id=6073825-2-6ab47572df9c3&domain=ssulinguafranca.org' data-name='like-post-frame-6073825-2-6ab47572df9c3' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> <ul class="buttons"> 480 <li></li> 481 </ul> 482 </div> 483 </div> 484 </div> 485 486 487<!-- You can start editing here. --> 488 489 <div class="title"> 490 <h2 id="comments">Responses</h2> 491 </div> 492 <ol class="commentlist"> 493 <li class="pingback even thread-even depth-1 archive" id="comment-32"> 494 <div class="entry"> 495 <p>[…] About […]</p> 496 <ul class="buttons"> 497 <li></li> 498 </ul> 499 </div> 500 <div class="postinfo"> 501 <p>By: <strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2009/04/27/volume-6-issue-2-spring-2009-contents/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Volume 6, Issue 2, Spring 2009 - Contents « Lingua Franca</a></strong> on April 27, 2009 <br /> at 6:42 am</p> 502 <p><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/?replytocom=32#respond" data-commentid="32" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-32" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Volume 6, Issue 2, Spring 2009 - Contents « Lingua Franca" aria-label="Reply to Volume 6, Issue 2, Spring 2009 - Contents « Lingua Franca">Reply</a></p> 503 <p></p> 504 </div> 505</li><!-- #comment-## --> 506 <li class="pingback odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1 archive" id="comment-75"> 507 <div class="entry"> 508 <p>[…] About […]</p> 509 <ul class="buttons"> 510 <li></li> 511 </ul> 512 </div> 513 <div class="postinfo"> 514 <p>By: <strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2010/05/03/volume-7-issue-2-fall-2010-contents/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Volume 7, Issue 2, Fall 2010 – Contents « Lingua Franca</a></strong> on May 3, 2010 <br /> at 4:15 pm</p> 515 <p><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/?replytocom=75#respond" data-commentid="75" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-75" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Volume 7, Issue 2, Fall 2010 – Contents « Lingua Franca" aria-label="Reply to Volume 7, Issue 2, Fall 2010 – Contents « Lingua Franca">Reply</a></p> 516 <p></p> 517 </div> 518</li><!-- #comment-## --> 519 <li class="pingback even thread-even depth-1 archive" id="comment-78"> 520 <div class="entry"> 521 <p>[…] About […]</p> 522 <ul class="buttons"> 523 <li></li> 524 </ul> 525 </div> 526 <div class="postinfo"> 527 <p>By: <strong><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/2010/05/03/volume-7-issue-2-spring-2010-contents/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Volume 7, Issue 2, Spring 2010 – Contents « Lingua Franca</a></strong> on May 3, 2010 <br /> at 4:17 pm</p> 528 <p><a rel="nofollow" class="comment-reply-link" href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/?replytocom=78#respond" data-commentid="78" data-postid="2" data-belowelement="comment-78" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Volume 7, Issue 2, Spring 2010 – Contents « Lingua Franca" aria-label="Reply to Volume 7, Issue 2, Spring 2010 – Contents « Lingua Franca">Reply</a></p> 529 <p></p> 530 </div> 531</li><!-- #comment-## --> 532 </ol> 533 534 <div class="navigation"> 535 <div class="alignleft"></div> 536 <div class="alignright"></div> 537 </div> 538 <br /> 539 540 541 542 <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> 543 <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a comment <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/about/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h3><form action="https://ssulinguafranca.org/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form"> 544 545 546<div class="comment-form__verbum transparent"></div><div class="verbum-form-meta"><input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='2' id='comment_post_ID' /> 547<input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' /> 548 549 <input type="hidden" name="highlander_comment_nonce" id="highlander_comment_nonce" value="52cb0b9453" /> 550 <input type="hidden" name="verbum_show_subscription_modal" value="" /></div><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="32600cfd25" /></p><p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="216"/>
550<script> 551document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 552</script>
552 553</p></form> </div><!-- #respond --> 554 555 556 </div> 557 558<div id="sidebar"> 559 560 <div id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"><form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://ssulinguafranca.org/"> 561 <div> 562 <input type="text" name="s" id="s" placeholder="Search" /> 563 <input type="image" src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/ocean-mist/images/button-search.gif?m=1179531410i" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" /> 564 </div> 565</form> 566</div><div id="meta-2" class="widget widget_meta"><div class="title"> <h2>Meta</h2> </div> 567 <ul> 568 <li><a class="click-register" href="https://wordpress.com/start?ref=wplogin">Create account</a></li> <li><a href="https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> 569 <li><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/feed/">Entries feed</a></li> 570 <li><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li> 571 572 <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/" title="Powered by WordPress, state-of-the-art semantic personal publishing platform.">WordPress.com</a></li> 573 </ul> 574 575 </div><div id="blog_subscription-3" class="widget widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><div class="title"> <h2><label for="subscribe-field">Email Subscription</label></h2> </div> 576 577 <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> 578 <form 579 action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" 580 method="post" 581 accept-charset="utf-8" 582 data-blog="6073825" 583 data-post_access_level="everybody" 584 id="subscribe-blog" 585 > 586 <p>Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.</p> 587 <p id="subscribe-email"> 588 <label 589 id="subscribe-field-label" 590 for="subscribe-field" 591 class="screen-reader-text" 592 > 593 Email Address: </label> 594 595 <input 596 type="email" 597 name="email" 598 autocomplete="email" 599 600 style="width: 95%; padding: 1px 10px" 601 placeholder="Email Address" 602 value="" 603 id="subscribe-field" 604 required 605 /> </p> 606 607 <p id="subscribe-submit" 608 > 609 <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> 610 <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="6073825"/> 611 <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/"/> 612 <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> 613 <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog"/> 614 <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="f55a02ef7b" /> <button type="submit" 615 class="wp-block-button__link" 616 > 617 Sign me up! </button> 618 </p> 619 </form> 620 <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__subscount"> 621 Join 88 other subscribers </div> 622 </div> 623 624</div><div id="categories-323744421" class="widget widget_categories"><div class="title"> <h2>Categories</h2> </div> 625 <ul> 626 <li class="cat-item cat-item-290"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/announcement/">Announcement</a> 627</li> 628 <li class="cat-item cat-item-3867"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/article/">Article</a> 629</li> 630 <li class="cat-item cat-item-7215"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/book-review/">Book Review</a> 631</li> 632 <li class="cat-item cat-item-37461"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/cultural-events/">Cultural Events</a> 633</li> 634 <li class="cat-item cat-item-551459274"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/departmental-programs/">Departmental Programs</a> 635</li> 636 <li class="cat-item cat-item-7217"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/film-review/">Film Review</a> 637</li> 638 <li class="cat-item cat-item-3815276"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/hope-award/">HOPE Award</a> 639</li> 640 <li class="cat-item cat-item-11788"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/interview/">Interview</a> 641</li> 642 <li class="cat-item cat-item-103"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/news/">News</a> 643</li> 644 <li class="cat-item cat-item-422"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/poetry/">Poetry</a> 645</li> 646 <li class="cat-item cat-item-4906644"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/professional-activities/">Professional Activities</a> 647</li> 648 <li class="cat-item cat-item-45405"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/social-events/">Social Events</a> 649</li> 650 <li class="cat-item cat-item-78442"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/table-of-contents/">Table of Contents</a> 651</li> 652 <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> 653</li> 654 </ul> 655 656 </div> 657 <div id="recent-posts-3" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> 658 <div class="title"> <h2>Recent Posts</h2> </div> 659 <ul> 660 <li> 661 <a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/2021/05/05/a-year-of-online-teaching-and-learning/">A Year of Online Teaching and Learning</a> 662 </li> 663 <li> 664 <a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/2021/05/05/bring-intercultural-and-global-learning-into-class-itl-400-italian-translation-practicum-goes-coil/">Bring Intercultural and Global Learning into Class: ITL 400 Italian Translation Practicum Goes COIL</a> 665 </li> 666 <li> 667 <a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/2021/05/04/volume-18-fall-spring-2020-2021-contents/">Volume 18, Fall-Spring 2020-2021 – Contents</a> 668 </li> 669 <li> 670 <a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/2021/05/04/que-pasa-quoi-de-neuf-novita-department-news-abounds/">¿Qué pasa? Quoi de neuf? Novità? Department News Abounds</a> 671 </li> 672 <li> 673 <a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/2021/05/04/phi-sigma-iota-international-foreign-languages-honor-society-3/">Phi Sigma Iota International Foreign Languages Honor Society</a> 674 </li> 675 </ul> 676 677 </div><div id="recent-comments-2" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><div class="title"> <h2>Recent Comments</h2> </div> <table class="recentcommentsavatar" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> 678 <tr><td title="Rayanne Menery Sammataro" class="recentcommentsavatartop" style="height:48px; width:48px;"></td><td class="recentcommentstexttop" style="">Rayanne Menery Samma… on <a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/2018/05/02/the-frederick-a-meier-book-award-2018/#comment-7341">The Frederick A. Meier Book Aw…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="Rayanne Menery Sammataro" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style="">Rayanne Menery Samma… on <a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/2018/05/02/2018-2019-future-teachers-of-italian-in-the-us/#comment-7340">2018-2019 Future Teachers of I…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="Romam" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"><a href="http://none/" rel="nofollow"></a></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style=""><a href="http://none/" rel="nofollow">Romam</a> on <a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/2010/12/01/are-puerto-ricans-americans/#comment-4471">Are Puerto Ricans America…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="Anon" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style="">Anon on <a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/2010/12/01/are-puerto-ricans-americans/#comment-4448">Are Puerto Ricans America…</a></td></tr><tr><td title="Anon" class="recentcommentsavatarend" style="height:48px; width:48px;"></td><td class="recentcommentstextend" style="">Anon on <a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/2010/12/01/are-puerto-ricans-americans/#comment-4447">Are Puerto Ricans America…</a></td></tr> </table>
679 </div><div id="blog-stats-2" class="widget widget_blog-stats"><div class="title"> <h2>Blog Stats</h2> </div> <ul> 680 <li>191,962 hits</li> 681 </ul> 682 </div><div id="wp_tag_cloud-2" class="widget wp_widget_tag_cloud"><div class="title"> <h2></h2> </div><a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/abroad-opportunities/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-55758912 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 10.483870967742pt;" aria-label="Abroad Opportunities (4 items)">Abroad Opportunities</a> 683<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/africa/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2214 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Africa (2 items)">Africa</a> 684<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/alumni/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-6024 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 14.774193548387pt;" aria-label="Alumni (11 items)">Alumni</a> 685<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/arabic/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-21106 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 10.483870967742pt;" aria-label="Arabic (4 items)">Arabic</a> 686<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/awards/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-6758 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 13.306451612903pt;" aria-label="Awards (8 items)">Awards</a> 687<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/book-review/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-7215 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Book Review (2 items)">Book Review</a> 688<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/business/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-179 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Business (2 items)">Business</a> 689<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/career-opportunities/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-292084 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Career Opportunities (3 items)">Career Opportunities</a> 690<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/chinese/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2220 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Chinese (3 items)">Chinese</a> 691<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/clubs/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-23200 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Clubs (2 items)">Clubs</a> 692<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/cognates/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2096901 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Cognates (3 items)">Cognates</a> 693<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/community/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2528 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Community (2 items)">Community</a> 694<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/conferences/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-9204 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 12.177419354839pt;" aria-label="Conferences (6 items)">Conferences</a> 695<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/costa-rica/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-9710 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 13.306451612903pt;" aria-label="Costa Rica (8 items)">Costa Rica</a> 696<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/courses/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-23328 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Courses (2 items)">Courses</a> 697<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/culture/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1098 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Culture (2 items)">Culture</a> 698<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/department/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1050 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Department (3 items)">Department</a> 699<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/department-news/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-321243 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 13.306451612903pt;" aria-label="Department news (8 items)">Department news</a> 700<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/dominican-republic/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-72014 tag-link-position-19" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Dominican Republic (3 items)">Dominican Republic</a> 701<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/ecuador/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5207 tag-link-position-20" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Ecuador (3 items)">Ecuador</a> 702<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/english/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-3205 tag-link-position-21" style="font-size: 10.483870967742pt;" aria-label="English (4 items)">English</a> 703<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/etymology/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-63687 tag-link-position-22" style="font-size: 11.387096774194pt;" aria-label="Etymology (5 items)">Etymology</a> 704<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/faculty/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-21636 tag-link-position-23" style="font-size: 11.387096774194pt;" aria-label="Faculty (5 items)">Faculty</a> 705<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/films/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1186 tag-link-position-24" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Films (3 items)">Films</a> 706<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/foreign-languages/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-42585 tag-link-position-25" style="font-size: 14.774193548387pt;" aria-label="Foreign Languages (11 items)">Foreign Languages</a> 707<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/foreign-language-study/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-583376 tag-link-position-26" style="font-size: 18.161290322581pt;" aria-label="Foreign Language Study (23 items)">Foreign Language Study</a> 708<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/france/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-4704 tag-link-position-27" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="France (2 items)">France</a> 709<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/franco-americans/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2166532 tag-link-position-28" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Franco-Americans (2 items)">Franco-Americans</a> 710<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/french/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-6135 tag-link-position-29" style="font-size: 12.177419354839pt;" aria-label="French (6 items)">French</a> 711<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/german-language/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-388434 tag-link-position-30" style="font-size: 12.177419354839pt;" aria-label="German language (6 items)">German language</a> 712<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/graduation/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-13787 tag-link-position-31" style="font-size: 11.387096774194pt;" aria-label="Graduation (5 items)">Graduation</a> 713<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/grants/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-132853 tag-link-position-32" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Grants (2 items)">Grants</a> 714<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/high-school/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-4024 tag-link-position-33" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="High School (2 items)">High School</a> 715<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/hispanics/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-249110 tag-link-position-34" style="font-size: 10.483870967742pt;" aria-label="Hispanics (4 items)">Hispanics</a> 716<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/history-of-english/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1016648 tag-link-position-35" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="History of English (2 items)">History of English</a> 717<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/honor-society/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-145728 tag-link-position-36" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Honor Society (2 items)">Honor Society</a> 718<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/hope-award/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-3815276 tag-link-position-37" style="font-size: 11.387096774194pt;" aria-label="HOPE Award (5 items)">HOPE Award</a> 719<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/italian/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1642 tag-link-position-38" style="font-size: 17.258064516129pt;" aria-label="Italian (19 items)">Italian</a> 720<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/italian-club/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5928077 tag-link-position-39" style="font-size: 10.483870967742pt;" aria-label="Italian Club (4 items)">Italian Club</a> 721<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/italy/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-419 tag-link-position-40" style="font-size: 15.564516129032pt;" aria-label="Italy (13 items)">Italy</a> 722<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/job-opportunities/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-40036 tag-link-position-41" style="font-size: 10.483870967742pt;" aria-label="Job Opportunities (4 items)">Job Opportunities</a> 723<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/language-clubs/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-28330198 tag-link-position-42" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Language Clubs (3 items)">Language Clubs</a> 724<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/language-politics/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1082722 tag-link-position-43" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Language Politics (3 items)">Language Politics</a> 725<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/latina-latino/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-15519074 tag-link-position-44" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Latina-Latino (3 items)">Latina-Latino</a> 726<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/linguistics/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-816 tag-link-position-45" style="font-size: 14.774193548387pt;" aria-label="Linguistics (11 items)">Linguistics</a> 727<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/literature/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-557 tag-link-position-46" style="font-size: 11.387096774194pt;" aria-label="Literature (5 items)">Literature</a> 728<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/mafla/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-15516724 tag-link-position-47" style="font-size: 11.387096774194pt;" aria-label="MaFLA (5 items)">MaFLA</a> 729<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/mexico/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-783 tag-link-position-48" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Mexico (2 items)">Mexico</a> 730<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/music/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-18 tag-link-position-49" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Music (2 items)">Music</a> 731<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/oviedo/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-140020 tag-link-position-50" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Oviedo (2 items)">Oviedo</a> 732<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/phi-sigma-iota/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-35498465 tag-link-position-51" style="font-size: 11.387096774194pt;" aria-label="Phi Sigma Iota (5 items)">Phi Sigma Iota</a> 733<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/photo-contest/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-37115 tag-link-position-52" style="font-size: 11.387096774194pt;" aria-label="Photo Contest (5 items)">Photo Contest</a> 734<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/poetry/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-422 tag-link-position-53" style="font-size: 11.387096774194pt;" aria-label="Poetry (5 items)">Poetry</a> 735<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/politics/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-398 tag-link-position-54" style="font-size: 13.306451612903pt;" aria-label="Politics (8 items)">Politics</a> 736<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/professional-development/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8235 tag-link-position-55" style="font-size: 10.483870967742pt;" aria-label="Professional Development (4 items)">Professional Development</a> 737<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/puerto-rico/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-39662 tag-link-position-56" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Puerto Rico (2 items)">Puerto Rico</a> 738<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/quebec/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-56943 tag-link-position-57" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Quebec (2 items)">Quebec</a> 739<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/salem-state/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-2635913 tag-link-position-58" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Salem State (2 items)">Salem State</a> 740<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/seal-of-biliteracy/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-26902010 tag-link-position-59" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Seal of Biliteracy (3 items)">Seal of Biliteracy</a> 741<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/service/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-30351 tag-link-position-60" style="font-size: 10.483870967742pt;" aria-label="Service (4 items)">Service</a> 742<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/service-learning/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-400361 tag-link-position-61" style="font-size: 11.387096774194pt;" aria-label="Service Learning (5 items)">Service Learning</a> 743<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/spain/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-3543 tag-link-position-62" style="font-size: 17.935483870968pt;" aria-label="Spain (22 items)">Spain</a> 744<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/spanish/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-312 tag-link-position-63" style="font-size: 19.629032258065pt;" aria-label="Spanish (31 items)">Spanish</a> 745<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/spanish-club/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-478441 tag-link-position-64" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Spanish Club (2 items)">Spanish Club</a> 746<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/ssc-faculty/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-15518742 tag-link-position-65" style="font-size: 12.177419354839pt;" aria-label="SSC faculty (6 items)">SSC faculty</a> 747<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/ssc-student/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-15514016 tag-link-position-66" style="font-size: 15.112903225806pt;" aria-label="SSC student (12 items)">SSC student</a> 748<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/student-essay/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-7255773 tag-link-position-67" style="font-size: 9.3548387096774pt;" aria-label="Student Essay (3 items)">Student Essay</a> 749<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/study-abroad/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-139677 tag-link-position-68" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="Study Abroad (51 items)">Study Abroad</a> 750<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/summer-programs/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-139517 tag-link-position-69" style="font-size: 10.483870967742pt;" aria-label="Summer Programs (4 items)">Summer Programs</a> 751<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/teaching/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-1591 tag-link-position-70" style="font-size: 17.258064516129pt;" aria-label="Teaching (19 items)">Teaching</a> 752<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/the-arab-world/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-449917 tag-link-position-71" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="The Arab World (2 items)">The Arab World</a> 753<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/translation/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-8349 tag-link-position-72" style="font-size: 13.306451612903pt;" aria-label="Translation (8 items)">Translation</a> 754<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/travel/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-200 tag-link-position-73" style="font-size: 18.387096774194pt;" aria-label="Travel (24 items)">Travel</a> 755<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/united-states/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-5850 tag-link-position-74" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="United States (2 items)">United States</a> 756<a href="https://ssulinguafranca.org/tag/work-abroad/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-424065 tag-link-position-75" style="font-size: 12.177419354839pt;" aria-label="Work Abroad (6 items)">Work Abroad</a></div></div> 757 758 759 <div id="footer"> 760 <div id="footer-top"></div> 761 <p><a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog" rel="nofollow">Blog at WordPress.com.</a></p> 762 </div> 763</div> 764<!-- -->
765<script type="speculationrules"> 766{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/files/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/pub/ocean-mist/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]} 767</script>
767 768 <div style="display:none"> 769 </div> 770 <div id="actionbar" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" 771 class="actnbr-pub-ocean-mist" role="region" aria-label="Site actions"> 772 <span class="actnbr-live" aria-live="polite"></span> 773 <ul> 774 <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> 775 <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href="" role="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false"> 776 <svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-bell" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 11.5c0 1.353.17 2.368.976 3 .266.209.602.376 1.024.5v1H5v-1c.422-.124.757-.291 1.024-.5.806-.632.976-1.647.976-3V9c0-2.8 2.2-5 5-5s5 2.2 5 5v2.5ZM15.5 9v2.5c0 .93.066 1.98.515 2.897l.053.103H7.932a4.018 4.018 0 0 0 .053-.103c.449-.917.515-1.967.515-2.897V9c0-1.972 1.528-3.5 3.5-3.5s3.5 1.528 3.5 3.5Zm-5.492 9.008c0-.176.023-.346.065-.508h3.854A1.996 1.996 0 0 1 12 20c-1.1 0-1.992-.892-1.992-1.992Z"/></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> 777 </a> 778 <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href="" role="button"> 779 <svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-check" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" style="fill: none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"><path d="M7 12L10 15L17 8" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"/></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> 780 </a> 781 <div class="actnbr-popover actnbr-panel actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble" role="dialog" aria-label="Subscribe to Lingua Franca"> 782 <div class="actnbr-follow-bubble"> 783 <div class="actnbr-panel__group"><a class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://ssulinguafranca.org"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png?m=1479929237i' srcset='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Lingua Franca</span></a></div> <div class="actnbr-panel__group"> 784 <div class="actnbr-message no-display" aria-live="polite"></div> 785 <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" class="no-display"> 786 <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 76 other subscribers</div> 787 <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Want updates? Enter your email" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Email address" /> 788 <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> 789 <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="6073825" /> 790 <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/" /> 791 <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> 792 <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="f55a02ef7b" /> <button type="submit" class="actnbr-button">Sign me up</button> 793 </form> 794 <p class="actnbr-login-nudge"> 795 Have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fssulinguafranca.org%252Fabout%252F">Log in now.</a> </p> 796 </div> 797 </div> 798 </div> 799 </li> 800 <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> 801 <button type="button" class="actnbr-more-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="More options"> 802 <svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-more-horizontal" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M11 13h2v-2h-2v2zm-6 0h2v-2H5v2zm12-2v2h2v-2h-2z"/></svg> </button> 803 <div class="actnbr-popover actnbr-menu" role="menu" aria-label="Site options"> 804 <div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://ssulinguafranca.org"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png?m=1479929237i' srcset='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Lingua Franca</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-shortlink" href="https://wp.me/Ppu4V-2"><span class="actnbr-menu__label actnbr-shortlink__text">Copy shortlink</span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon actnbr-shortlink__icon"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-copy" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 4.5h11a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v11a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5H5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5ZM3 5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h11a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5Zm17 3v10.75c0 .69-.56 1.25-1.25 1.25H6v1.5h12.75a2.75 2.75 0 0 0 2.75-2.75V8H20Z"/></svg></span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon actnbr-shortlink__icon-copied"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-check" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" style="fill: none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"><path d="M7 12L10 15L17 8" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"/></svg></span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-reader" href="https://wordpress.com/reader/blogs/6073825/posts/2"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">View post in Reader</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-subs" href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Manage subscriptions</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-signup" href="https://wordpress.com/start/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Sign up</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-login" href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fssulinguafranca.org%252Fabout%252F"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Log in</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item flb-report" href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Report this content</span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-external" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M19.5 4.5h-7V6h4.44l-5.97 5.97 1.06 1.06L18 7.06v4.44h1.5v-7Zm-13 1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v10a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h10a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-3H17v3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5h-10a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-10a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h3V5.5h-3Z"/></svg></span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-fold" href=""><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Collapse this bar</span></a></div> </div> 805 </li> 806 </ul> 807 </div> 808
808<script> 809window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function () { 810 var link = document.createElement( "link" ); 811 link.href = "\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-newsletter\/src\/..\/build\/action-bar.css?ver=9e2715140ce0af99d983"; 812 link.rel = "stylesheet"; 813 document.head.appendChild( link ); 814 815 var script = document.createElement( "script" ); 816 script.src = "\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-newsletter\/src\/..\/build\/action-bar.js?ver=9e2715140ce0af99d983"; 817 document.body.appendChild( script ); 818 } ); 819</script>
819 820 821
821<script type="text/javascript"> 822 window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https://ssulinguafranca.org/about/":2}; 823 </script>
823 824 825
825<script type="text/javascript"> 826 (function () { 827 var wpcom_reblog = { 828 source: 'toolbar', 829 830 toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { 831 832 // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. 833 const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; 834 835 // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the 836 // post permalink in the editor. 837 const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; 838 839 const url = 840 postEndpoint + 841 '?url=' + 842 encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + 843 '&is_post_share=true' + 844 '&v=5'; 845 846 const redirect = function () { 847 if ( 848 ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) 849 ) { 850 location.href = url; 851 } 852 }; 853 854 if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { 855 setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); 856 } else { 857 redirect(); 858 } 859 }, 860 }; 861 862 window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; 863 })(); 864 </script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 864
864
865<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='/wp-content/mu-plugins/likes/queuehandler.js?m=1741961244i'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 865
865
866<script id="wp-hooks-js" src="/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/scripts/hooks/index.min.js?m=1789650619i&ver=f0f188028580e8dc1255"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 866
866
867<script id="wp-i18n-js" src="/wp-content/plugins/gutenberg-core/v24.0.0/build/scripts/i18n/index.min.js?m=1789650619i&ver=1dfe7db3940c23ea9216"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 867
867
868<script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> 869wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); 870//# sourceURL=wp-i18n-js-after 871</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 871
871
872<script id="verbum-settings-js-before"> 873window.VerbumComments = {"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a reply.","Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.":"Log in or provide your name and email to leave a comment.","Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.":"Receive web and mobile notifications for posts on this site.","Name":"Name","Email (address never made public)":"Email (address never made public)","Website (optional)":"Website (optional)","Leave a reply. (log in optional)":"Leave a reply. (log in optional)","Leave a comment. (log in optional)":"Leave a comment. (log in optional)","Log in to leave a reply.":"Log in to leave a reply.","Log in to leave a comment.":"Log in to leave a comment.","Logged in via %s":"Logged in via %s","Log out":"Log out","Your browser is blocking the cookies needed to log in and comment here. Allow cookies in your privacy settings, then reload the page.":"Your browser is blocking the cookies needed to log in and comment here. Allow cookies in your privacy settings, then reload the page.","Email":"Email","(Address never made public)":"(Address never made public)","Instantly":"Instantly","Daily":"Daily","Reply":"Reply","Comment":"Comment","WordPress":"WordPress","Weekly":"Weekly","Notify me of new posts":"Notify me of new posts","Email me new posts":"Email me new posts","Email me new comments":"Email me new comments","Cancel":"Cancel","Write a comment...":"Write a comment...","Write a reply...":"Write a reply...","Website":"Website","Optional":"Optional","We'll keep you in the loop!":"We'll keep you in the loop!","Loading your comment...":"Loading your comment...","Discover more from":"Discover more from Lingua Franca","Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.":"Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.","Continue reading":"Continue reading","Never miss a beat!":"Never miss a beat!","Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!":"Interested in getting blog post updates? Simply click the button below to stay in the loop!","Enter your email address":"Enter your email address","Subscribe":"Subscribe","Comment sent successfully":"Comment sent successfully","Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.":"Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.","hovercardi18n":{"Edit your profile \u2192":"Edit your profile \u2192","View profile \u2192":"View profile \u2192","Contact":"Contact","Send money":"Send money","Gravatar not found.":"Gravatar not found.","This profile is private.":"This profile is private.","Too Many Requests.":"Too Many Requests.","Internal Server Error.":"Internal Server Error.","Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.":"Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile."},"siteId":6073825,"postId":2,"mustLogIn":false,"requireNameEmail":true,"commentRegistration":false,"connectURL":"https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/public.api/connect/?action=request\u0026domain=ssulinguafranca.org","logoutURL":"https://ssclinguafranca.wordpress.com/wp-login.php?action=logout\u0026_wpnonce=aa947847b4","homeURL":"https://ssulinguafranca.org/","subscribeToBlog":true,"subscribeToComment":true,"isJetpackCommentsLoggedIn":false,"jetpackUsername":"","jetpackUserId":0,"jetpackSignature":"","jetpackAvatar":null,"enableBlocks":true,"enableSubscriptionModal":true,"currentLocale":"en","isJetpackComments":false,"allowedBlocks":["core/paragraph","core/list","core/code","core/list-item","core/quote","core/image","core/embed","core/quote","core/code"],"embedNonce":"e0dd6ba5d3","verbumBundleUrl":"/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/features/verbum-comments/dist/index.js","isRTL":false,"vbeCacheBuster":1789740582,"iframeUniqueId":0,"colorScheme":false} 874//# sourceURL=verbum-settings-js-before 875</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 875
875
876<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="verbum-dynamic-loader-js" src="/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/assets/dynamic-loader.js?m=1772522099i&minify=false&ver=8b5296f9195db92c42e4"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 876
876
877<script id="sharing-js-js-extra"> 878var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; 879//# sourceURL=sharing-js-js-extra 880</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 880
880
881<script id="jetpack-script-data-js-before"> 882window.JetpackScriptData = {"site":{"host":"wpcom","is_wpcom_platform":true}}; 883//# sourceURL=jetpack-script-data-js-before 884</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 884
884
885<script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='/_static/??-eJyNkNEKwjAMRX/ILoqD6YP4KSM2dXZru9Kkjv29Zc7hk/gQCPfeJIfAFJUN2mUyDD2DHr03QVQy0c2Vt6HqeQclpMcgxQCfVXS5s6HEjUTUgyrSFMvgagDn8PHapwk0JsAso0cRq7cpZDbCcMvW0SayTjaKIhT8cRgHy96IOlZ7aAv9JtzTEqY/oL9YlxVvDn5gMoRE89La0K0/uPrLoTk157ou1b8AUTVzbg=='></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 885
885
886<script id="sharing-js-js-after"> 887window.WPCOM_sharing_popups = window.WPCOM_sharing_popups || {}; 888window.WPCOM_sharing_popups[ "facebook" ] = "menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400"; 889window.WPCOM_sharing_popups = window.WPCOM_sharing_popups || {}; 890window.WPCOM_sharing_popups[ "twitter" ] = "menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350"; 891//# sourceURL=sharing-js-js-after 892</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 892
892
893<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json"> 894{"baseUrl":"https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-smileys/twemoji/2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-smileys/twemoji/2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1783090810i&ver=7.1.1-alpha-63587"}} 895</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 895
895
896<script type="module"> 897/*! This file is auto-generated */ 898var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))}); 899//# sourceURL=/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js 900</script>
900 901 <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20260924#ver=20260924' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> 902 <div id='likes-other-gravatars' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="likes-text"><span>%d</span></div><ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul></div> 903
903<script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?69" defer></script>
903
903<script type="text/javascript"> 904_tkq = window._tkq || []; 905_stq = window._stq || []; 906_tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'6073825','blog_tz':'-5','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); 907 // Prevent sending pageview tracking from WP-Admin pages. 908 _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'6073825','v':'wpcom','tz':'-5','user_id':'0','post':'2','subd':'ssclinguafranca'}]); 909 _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE5tW3cvZGRMcGdaTFltcX52SDluRXpHcVIyMT9QMy4/dDRDNjNPQVFoc1d4V28uZ0ZEZGt2Ri9QVW5OaV9PLlZWMjcrYltadyw0Y2tTK3w9aVZ+UUlyR1BiV2lOQmEzY2lfcXc4cSZLZ2lsYV1lRV9sRW9Nd3BtY3M5R0otQnlLbV1oWCZZRWp6TDFQWnl2S0w3LV1UMjdmMVk1RnJaeTFMNnlxW01JWnBJK2laPXR+Ni4uNGdqbEQuLmV4P2d4NWZUMVN3WmhWN3Q5N0FBak1qNS0tS0xJSVtTPUdQW1QrX2orP3o5WlF8bmpBMEc5LWZtWDYuRE8vUVJyWXBUNXZySWtWbQ=='}]); 910_stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '6073825', '2' ]); 911</script>
911 912<noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> 913<meta id="bilmur" property="bilmur:data" content="" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" data-site-tz="Etc/GMT+5" data-custom-props="{"logged_in":"0","wptheme":"pub\/ocean-mist","wptheme_is_block":"0"}" > 914
914<script defer src="/wp-content/js/bilmur.min.js?i=19&m=202639"></script>
914
915<script> 916(function() { 917 'use strict'; 918 919 const fetches = {}; 920 const promises = {}; 921 const urls = { 922 'wp-polyfill': '/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?m=1786440387i&ver=3.15.0', 923 'verbum': '/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin/sun/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-mu-wpcom/src/build/verbum-comments/verbum-comments.js?m=1789668866i&minify=false&ver=1277503d9f869014c379' 924 }; 925 const loaders = { 926 'verbum': () => { 927 fetchExternalScript('wp-polyfill'); 928 fetchExternalScript('verbum'); 929 promises['wp-polyfill'] = promises['wp-polyfill'] || loadWPScript('wp-polyfill'); 930 promises['verbum'] = promises['verbum'] || promises['wp-polyfill'].then( () => loadWPScript('verbum') ); 931 return promises['verbum']; 932 }, 933 934 }; 935 const scriptExtras = { 936 937 }; 938 939 window.WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script = { 940 loadScript: (handle) => { 941 if (!loaders[handle]) { 942 console.error('WP_Enqueue_Dynamic_Script: unregistered script `' + handle + '`.'); 943 } 944 return loaders[handle](); 945 } 946 }; 947 948 function fetchExternalScript(handle) { 949 if (!urls[handle]) { 950 return Promise.resolve(); 951 } 952 953 fetches[handle] = fetches[handle] || fetch(urls[handle], { mode: 'no-cors' }); 954 return fetches[handle]; 955 } 956 957 function runExtraScript(handle, type, index) { 958 const id = 'wp-enqueue-dynamic-script:' + handle + ':' + type + ':' + (index + 1); 959 const template = document.getElementById(id); 960 if (!template) { 961 return Promise.reject(); 962 } 963 964 const script = document.createElement( 'script' ); 965 script.innerHTML = template.innerHTML; 966 document.body.appendChild( script ); 967 return Promise.resolve(); 968 } 969 970 function loadExternalScript(handle) { 971 if (!urls[handle]) { 972 return Promise.resolve(); 973 } 974 975 return fetches[handle].then(() => { 976 return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { 977 const script = document.createElement('script'); 978 script.onload = () => resolve(); 979 script.onerror = (e) => reject(e); 980 script.src = urls[handle]; 981 document.body.appendChild(script); 982 }); 983 }); 984 } 985 986 function loadExtra(handle, pos) { 987 const count = (scriptExtras[handle] && scriptExtras[handle][pos]) || 0; 988 let promise = Promise.resolve(); 989 990 for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) { 991 promise = promise.then(() => runExtraScript(handle, pos, i)); 992 } 993 994 return promise; 995 } 996 997 function loadWPScript(handle) { 998 // Core loads scripts in this order. See: https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/a59eb9d39c4fcba834b70c9e8dfd64feeec10ba6/wp-includes/class-wp-scripts.php#L428. 999 return loadExtra(handle, 'translations') 1000 .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'before')) 1001 .then(() => loadExternalScript(handle)) 1002 .then(() => loadExtra(handle, 'after')); 1003 } 1004} )(); 1005</script>
1005 1006</body> 1007</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.