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8    <title>The Jefferson Project Data Dashboard at Lake George</title>
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21    <meta name="Description" content="The Jefferson Project is an unprecedented collaboration at Lake George, New York of scientists and engineers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and IBM Research, combined with advocates at the Lake George Association, working to understand, anticipate, and respond to intensifying pressures from climate change and human use." />
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36    <h1 class="site-name"><a class="site-name__link" href="/"><img src="assets/images/logo-jp-data-dashboard.svg" alt="The Jefferson Project at Lake George Data Dashboard" /></a></h1>
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39                <li class="main-menu__item main-menu__item--about "><a class="main-menu__link" href="/"><svg class="icon--about" width="40px" height="40px" aria-hidden='true'><use xlink:href="#icon-about"></use></svg><span>About</span></a></li>
40                <li class="main-menu__item main-menu__item--sensors "><a class="main-menu__link" href="sensors"><svg class="icon--sensors" width="40px" height="40px" aria-hidden='true'><use xlink:href="#icon-sensors"></use></svg><span>Sensor Network</span></a></li>
41                <li class="main-menu__item main-menu__item--water active"><a class="main-menu__link" href="water"><svg class="icon--water" width="40px" height="40px" aria-hidden='true'><use xlink:href="#icon-water"></use></svg><span>Water Quality</span></a></li>
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47<section class="panel--primary panel--hero">
48  <div class="panel--hero__text">
49    <h1>Lake George long-term water quality trends</h1>
50    <p>Long-term monitoring of water quality is essential to understand how Lake George has been changing over space and time. Here you can find the results from our analyses of lake chemistry, clarity, and the abundance of floating algae at 7 deepwater sites around the lake for 44 years. The trends presented here are changes in long-term lake-wide annual averages using data collected between April and November. There are no data for 2020 because of the research shutdown due to COVID.</p>
51    <p>This work was funded by the three partners (Rensselaer, IBM, LGA) and the trends through 2016 have been published in the peer-reviewed journal  <em><a href="https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/lno.11359">Limnology and Oceanography</a></em>.</p>
52  </div>
53  <div class="panel--local-nav">
54    <ul class="list--water-nav">
55      <li class="water-nav__item"><a class="water-nav__link water-nav__link--clarity" href="#clarity">Water Clarity</a></li>
56      <li class="water-nav__item"><a class="water-nav__link water-nav__link--temp" href="#temp">Water Temperature</a></li>
57      <li class="water-nav__item"><a class="water-nav__link water-nav__link--salt" href="#salt">Salt</a></li>
58      <li class="water-nav__item"><a class="water-nav__link water-nav__link--phosphorus" href="#phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></li>
59      <li class="water-nav__item"><a class="water-nav__link water-nav__link--nitrogen" href="#nitrogen">Nitrogen</a></li>
60      <li class="water-nav__item"><a class="water-nav__link water-nav__link--algae" href="#algae">Algae</a></li>
61    </ul>
62  </div>
63</section>
64<section class="panel--secondary panel--content">
65  <div class="panel--content-inner">
66    <section id="clarity" class="water-section">
67      <h2 class="water-section__title">Water Clarity</h2>
68      <p>The clarity of deep water has decreased by about 0.6 m over the past 44 years as measured by Secchi depth.</p>
69      <div class="chart--clarity ct-chart ct-perfect-fourth"></div>
70    </section>
71    <section id="temp" class="water-section">
72      <h2 class="water-section__title">Water Temperature</h2>
73      <p>Lake temperature in the top 10 meters of water has increased by 2°C (3.8°F) over 44 years.</p>
74      <div class="chart--temp ct-chart ct-perfect-fourth"></div>
75    </section>
76    <section id="salt" class="water-section">
77      <h2 class="water-section__title">Salt</h2>
78      <p>

78Sodium chloride concentrations from road salt applications remain relatively low compared to other lakes around the world. Chloride has increased by 13 mg per liter, but in recent years has begun to stabilize and possibly decline. Sodium has increased slower, only 8 mg per liter higher in 2024 than 1980.</p>
79      <div class="chart--naconc ct-chart ct-perfect-fourth"></div>
80    </section>
81    <section id="phosphorus" class="water-section">
82      <h2 class="water-section__title">Phosphorus</h2>
83      <p>Phosphorus is a key element that helps determine algal growth in lakes. Orthophosphate is a form of phosphorus that is readily available to be taken up by algae. Orthophosphate has increased slightly over 44 years, but it remains relatively low compared to lakes in the region. Total phosphorus, which includes sources of phosphorus bound in the algae, has increased by less than 1 microgram per liter since 1980.</p>
84      <div class="chart--phosphorus ct-chart ct-perfect-fourth"></div>
85    </section>
86    <section id="nitrogen" class="water-section">
87      <h2 class="water-section__title">Nitrogen</h2>
88      <p>NNitrogen can also be important in determining algal growth in lakes. On average total nitrogen is lower now than when first measured in 1997, following the declining trend of two major components (ammonia and nitrate) over the last 44 years. These reductions in nitrogen reflect the reductions in nitrogen oxides being deposited by acid precipitation since clean air legislation was passed in the United States and Canada.</p>
89      <div class="chart--ammonium-nitrate ct-chart ct-perfect-fourth"></div>
90      <div class="chart--nitrogen ct-chart ct-perfect-fourth"></div>
91    </section>
92    <section id="algae" class="water-section">
93      <h2 class="water-section__title">Algae</h2>
94      <p>High concentrations of floating algae can turn lakes green and less attractive for recreation. As a measure of the abundance of floating algae, we measure the concentration of chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll a concentrations in the lake have increased by 0.24 micrograms per liter overall, but they remain very low compared to many other lakes in the region. In the fall of 2020 Lake George experienced its first confirmed algal bloom, with blooms also occurring in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The Jefferson Project is actively researching the causes of these blooms.</p>
95      <p>A harmful algal bloom (HAB) is a dense concentration of cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae) in the water that can be considered harmful due to toxins and aesthetic, economic, or ecological impacts. The NY DEC distinguishes between a Confirmed Bloom, where staff determine based on photos or field reports that there is a cyanobacteria bloom, and a Confirmed with High Toxins Bloom, where criteria meet that of a Confirmed Bloom and toxins are measured above a specific threshold. HABs are typically identified by a dense film of floating algae on the surface of the water. No toxins have been measured in Lake George, and the Jefferson Project reserves the use of &quot;Harmful Algal Bloom&quot; for only those blooms that produce toxins. Blooms with no measured toxins, but that meet quantitative thresholds for chlorophyll will be called &quot;Algal Blooms.&quot;</p>
96      <div class="chart--chlorophyll ct-chart ct-perfect-fourth"></div>
97    </section>
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101<aside class="region-notice">
102  <div class="region-notice-inner">
103    <p>Have feedback or ideas to improve the Data Dashboard? <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfc09keEi95qxqYlzybfexGboS4Q-lufU_yfdL6X44shmseSw/viewform" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Let us know.</a></p>
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107  <div class="footer__text">
108  <div class="footer__logos">
109    <p><a class="logo--ibm" href="https://ibm.com/">IBM</a><a class="logo--rpi" href="https://www.rpi.edu/">Rensselaer</a><a class="logo--lga" href="https://www.lakegeorgeassociation.org/">Lake George Association</a></p>
110  </div>
111  <div class="footer__about">
112    <p>The Jefferson Project at Lake George is a collaboration of: IBM, Rensselaer, and the Lake George Association.</p>
113    <p>Visit the <a href="https://jeffersonproject.rpi.edu/">Jefferson Project website</a> for more information about our work.</p>
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116<div class="footer__disclaimer">
117  <p><small class="disclaimer">DISCLAIMER: Provisional data may be inaccurate due to instrument malfunctions or physical changes at the measurement site. Subsequent review based on field inspections and measurements may result in significant revisions to the data. Data users are cautioned to consider carefully the provisional nature of the information before using it for decisions that concern personal or public safety or the conduct of business that involves substantial monetary or operational consequences.</small></p>
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