1<!doctype html><html lang=en-us><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content="IE=edge"><meta name=generator content="Hugo Blox Builder 5.9.7"><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/vendor-bundle.min.26c458e6907dc03073573976b7f4044e.css media=print onload='this.media="all"'><link rel=stylesheet href=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jpswalsh/[email protected]/css/academicons.min.css integrity="sha512-IW0nhlW5MgNydsXJO40En2EoCkTTjZhI3yuODrZIc8cQ4h1XcF53PsqDHa09NqnkXuIe0Oiyyj171BqZFwISBw==" crossorigin=anonymous media=print onload='this.media="all"'><link rel=stylesheet href=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/leaflet.min.css integrity crossorigin=anonymous media=print onload='this.media="all"'><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/wowchemy.f82ef6d8eb4a502b51e6f53c0c66c3ef.css><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/libs/chroma/github-light.min.css title=hl-light media=print onload='this.media="all"'><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/libs/chroma/dracula.min.css title=hl-dark media=print onload='this.media="all"' disabled><meta name=author content="Xiao Zhang"><meta name=description content="A highly-customizable Hugo research group theme powered by Wowchemy website builder."><link rel=alternate hreflang=en-us href=http://air-ml.org/><link rel=canonical href=http://air-ml.org/><link rel=manifest href=/manifest.webmanifest><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/media/icon_hu1941449351133349273.png><link rel=apple-touch-icon type=image/png href=/media/icon_hu5505168350328901032.png><meta name=theme-color content="#1565c0"><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta property="twitter:site" content="@GetResearchDev"><meta property="twitter:creator" content="@GetResearchDev"><meta property="twitter:image" content="http://air-ml.org/media/logo_hu695335129701258550.png"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="AIR-ML"><meta property="og:url" content="http://air-ml.org/"><meta property="og:title" content="AIR-ML"><meta property="og:description" content="A highly-customizable Hugo research group theme powered by Wowchemy website builder."><meta property="og:image" content="http://air-ml.org/media/logo_hu695335129701258550.png"><meta property="og:locale" content="en-us"><meta property="og:updated_time" content="2025-10-10T00:00:00+00:00">
1<script type=application/ld+json>{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebSite","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"http://air-ml.org/?q={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"},"url":"http://air-ml.org/"}</script>
1<script type=application/ld+json>{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","@id":"http://air-ml.org/","name":"AIR-ML","logo":"http://air-ml.org/media/logo_hu16779390529528318127.png","url":"http://air-ml.org/"}</script>
1<script src=https://identity.netlify.com/v1/netlify-identity-widget.js></script>
1<link rel=alternate href=/index.xml type=application/rss+xml title=AIR-ML><title>AIR-ML</title></head><body id=top data-spy=scroll data-offset=70 data-target=#TableOfContents class=page-wrapper data-wc-page-id=3976528693a0108357f4928017600865>
1<script src=/js/wowchemy-init.min.4fef3e534144e9903491f0cc6527eccd.js></script>
1<aside class=search-modal id=search><div class=container><section class=search-header><div class="row no-gutters justify-content-between mb-3"><div class=col-6><h1>Search</h1></div><div class="col-6 col-search-close"><a class=js-search href=# aria-label=Close><i class="fas fa-times-circle text-muted" aria-hidden=true></i></a></div></div><div id=search-box><input name=q id=search-query placeholder=Search... autocapitalize=off autocomplete=off autocorrect=off spellcheck=false type=search class=form-control aria-label=Search...></div></section><section class=section-search-results><div id=search-hits></div></section></div></aside><div class="page-header header--fixed"><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light compensate-for-scrollbar" id=navbar-main><div class=container-xl><div class="d-none d-lg-inline-flex align-items-center"><a class="navbar-brand d-flex align-items-center" href=/><img src=/media/logo_hu7186337307853674145.png alt=AIR-ML class=mr-2><span class=navbar-title>AIR-ML</span></a></div><button type=button class=navbar-toggler data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbar-content aria-controls=navbar-content aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation"> 2<span><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></span></button><div class="navbar-brand-mobile-wrapper d-inline-flex d-lg-none"><a class=navbar-brand href=/><img src=/media/logo_hu7186337307853674145.png alt=AIR-ML></a></div><div class="navbar-collapse main-menu-item collapse justify-content-end" id=navbar-content><ul class="navbar-nav d-md-inline-flex"><li class=nav-item><a class=nav-link href=/#home data-target=#home><span>Home</span></a></li><li class=nav-item><a class=nav-link href=/research><span>Research</span></a></li><li class=nav-item><a class=nav-link href=/post><span>News</span></a></li><li class=nav-item><a class=nav-link href=/team><span>Team</span></a></li><li class=nav-item><a class=nav-link href=/project><span>Project</span></a></li><li class=nav-item><a class=nav-link href=/publication><span>Publication</span></a></li><li class=nav-item><a class=nav-link href=/contact><span>Contact</span></a></li></ul></div><ul class="nav-icons navbar-nav flex-row ml-auto d-flex pl-md-2"><li class=nav-item><a class="nav-link js-search" href=# aria-label=Search><i class="fas fa-search" aria-hidden=true></i></a></li></ul></div></nav></header><style>.navbar-title{font-size:1.8rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}.navbar-nav .nav-link{font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:500}.navbar-nav .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item{font-size:1rem}.navbar-nav .nav-item{margin-left:.5rem}@media(max-width:992px){.navbar-title{font-size:1.6rem}.navbar-nav .nav-link{font-size:1rem}.navbar-nav .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item{font-size:.95rem}.navbar-nav .nav-item{margin-left:.6rem}}@media(max-width:768px){.navbar-title{font-size:1.4rem}.navbar-nav .nav-link{font-size:.95rem}.navbar-nav .dropdown-menu .dropdown-item{font-size:.9rem}.navbar-nav .nav-item{margin-left:.5rem}}</style></div><div class=page-body><span class="js-widget-page d-none"></span><section id=section-hero class="home-section wg-hero"><div class=home-section-bg></div><div class=container><div class=container><div class="row justify-content-center text-center mb-4"><div class="col-12 col-md-8"><h1 class=hero-title>AIR-ML Lab @ CISPA</h1></div></div><div class="row align-items-start g-4"><div class="col-12 col-md-6" style=margin-top:-1.5rem><div class="hero-lead mb-3"><br><p>Led by <a href=https://xiao-zhang.net/ target=_blank rel=noopener>Dr. Xiao Zhang</a>, the AIR-ML lab conducts research on <strong>A</strong>dversarial, <strong>I</strong>nterpretable, and <strong>R</strong>obust <strong>M</strong>achine <strong>L</strong>earning (AIR-ML), with the ultimate goal of building trustworthy AI systems that are both resilient to attacks and transparent in their decision-making. Specifically, we analyze the dynamics of ML models, develop principled tools to audit and address their vulnerabilities, and build trustworthy AI systems for real-world applications. Our lab is currently affilated with <a href=https://cispa.de/en target=_blank rel=noopener>CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security</a>
2 and located in Saarbrücken, Germany.</p></div></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center" style=margin-top:1rem><div class="splide hero-splide w-100 position-relative"><div class=splide__track><ul class=splide__list><li class="splide__slide text-center"><figure style=margin:0;width:100%><img src=media/group_retreat_2025_treetop.jpg class="img-fluid rounded hero-slide-image" loading=lazy alt="Group Retreat at Treetop Saarschleife (Sep 2025). From left to right: Piyush Pant, Advik Raj Basani, Xiao Zhang, Santanu Rathod, Yuelin Xu, Subrat Kishore Dutta, and Youngjin Kwon." data-fancybox=gallery data-caption="Group Retreat at Treetop Saarschleife (Sep 2025). From left to right: Piyush Pant, Advik Raj Basani, Xiao Zhang, Santanu Rathod, Yuelin Xu, Subrat Kishore Dutta, and Youngjin Kwon."><figcaption class="mt-2 text-muted small text-center">Group Retreat at Treetop Saarschleife (Sep 2025). From left to right: Piyush Pant, Advik Raj Basani, Xiao Zhang, Santanu Rathod, Yuelin Xu, Subrat Kishore Dutta, and Youngjin Kwon.</figcaption></figure></li><li class="splide__slide text-center"><figure style=margin:0;width:100%><img src=media/group_retreat_2025_hotel.jpg class="img-fluid rounded hero-slide-image" loading=lazy alt="Group Retreat at Hotel Saarschleife (Sep 2025). From left to right: Piyush Pant, Advik Raj Basani, Yuelin Xu, Santanu Rathod, Xiao Zhang, Subrat Kishore Dutta, and Youngjin Kwon." data-fancybox=gallery data-caption="Group Retreat at Hotel Saarschleife (Sep 2025). From left to right: Piyush Pant, Advik Raj Basani, Yuelin Xu, Santanu Rathod, Xiao Zhang, Subrat Kishore Dutta, and Youngjin Kwon."><figcaption class="mt-2 text-muted small text-center">Group Retreat at Hotel Saarschleife (Sep 2025). From left to right: Piyush Pant, Advik Raj Basani, Yuelin Xu, Santanu Rathod, Xiao Zhang, Subrat Kishore Dutta, and Youngjin Kwon.</figcaption></figure></li><li class="splide__slide text-center"><figure style=margin:0;width:100%><img src=media/group_dinner_2024_osaka.jpg class="img-fluid rounded hero-slide-image" loading=lazy alt="Group Dinner at Osaka, Saabrücken (Dec 2024). From left to right: Xiao Zhang, Yuelin Xu, Youngjin Kwon, Minxing Zhang, Somrita Ghosh, and Piyush Pant." data-fancybox=gallery data-caption="Group Dinner at Osaka, Saabrücken (Dec 2024). From left to right: Xiao Zhang, Yuelin Xu, Youngjin Kwon, Minxing Zhang, Somrita Ghosh, and Piyush Pant."><figcaption class="mt-2 text-muted small text-center">Group Dinner at Osaka, Saabrücken (Dec 2024). From left to right: Xiao Zhang, Yuelin Xu, Youngjin Kwon, Minxing Zhang, Somrita Ghosh, and Piyush Pant.</figcaption></figure></li></ul></div></div></div></div><link rel=stylesheet href=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@splidejs/splide@latest/dist/css/splide.min.css>
2<script src=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@splidejs/splide@latest/dist/js/splide.min.js></script>
2<link rel=stylesheet href=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui/dist/fancybox.css>
2<script src=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@fancyapps/ui/dist/fancybox.umd.js></script>
2<style>.hero-splide .splide__pagination{margin-top:-1rem;position:relative}.hero-slide-image{width:100%;height:375px;object-fit:cover}.hero-splide{margin-top:0!important}@media(max-width:992px){.hero-slide-image{height:250px}.col-12.col-md-6,.col-12.col-md-6.d-flex.align-items-center.justify-content-center,.hero-splide{margin-top:0!important}.hero-splide .splide__arrow{top:40%;width:1.2rem;height:1.2rem;font-size:1rem}.hero-splide .splide__arrow--prev{left:.2rem}.hero-splide .splide__arrow--next{right:.2rem}.hero-splide figcaption{font-size:.8rem}}.hero-splide .splide__arrow{top:45%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;background-color:rgba(78,72,72,.55);border-radius:50%;color:#fff;font-size:1.2rem}.hero-splide .splide__arrow--prev{left:.1rem}.hero-splide .splide__arrow--next{right:.1rem}</style>
2<script>document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){new Splide(".hero-splide",{type:"loop",autoplay:!0,interval:4500,pauseOnHover:!0,perPage:1,speed:800,arrows:!0,pagination:!0}).mount(),Fancybox.bind('[data-fancybox="gallery"]',{Thumbs:!1,Toolbar:!0,closeButton:"top",infinite:!0,keyboard:!0})})</script>
2</div></div></section><section id=section-collection class="home-section wg-collection"><div class=home-section-bg></div><div class=container><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="section-heading col-12 mb-3 text-center"><h1 class=mb-0>Latest News</h1></div><div class=col-12><div class="view-list view-list-item"><span class=article-item><strong class=article-date>[Sep 2026]</strong>One paper accepted in NeurIPS 2026 on Flow Matching and Dynamical System Modeling! Congratulations to Santanu!</span></div><style>.view-list-item{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1em}.article-item{display:block;padding-left:150px;text-indent:-172px;line-height:1.5}.article-date{display:inline-block;width:150px;margin-right:.8em;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:700;color:#333}@media(max-width:768px){.article-item{padding-left:100px;text-indent:-100px;font-size:1rem}.article-date{width:90px;margin-right:.5em}}@media(max-width:480px){.article-item{display:block;padding-left:0;text-indent:0;font-size:.95rem}.article-date{display:block;width:auto;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:.25em;text-align:left}}</style><div class="view-list view-list-item"><span class=article-item><strong class=article-date>[Aug 2026]</strong>One paper accepted in EMNLP 2026 Findings on RLHF backdoor attacks! Congratulations to Subrat, Yuelin, and Piyush!</span></div><style>.view-list-item{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1em}.article-item{display:block;padding-left:150px;text-indent:-172px;line-height:1.5}.article-date{display:inline-block;width:150px;margin-right:.8em;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:700;color:#333}@media(max-width:768px){.article-item{padding-left:100px;text-indent:-100px;font-size:1rem}.article-date{width:90px;margin-right:.5em}}@media(max-width:480px){.article-item{display:block;padding-left:0;text-indent:0;font-size:.95rem}.article-date{display:block;width:auto;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:.25em;text-align:left}}</style><div class="view-list view-list-item"><span class=article-item><strong class=article-date>[Jun 2026]</strong>Jia starts his visit at AIR-ML as a guest PhD researcher. Welcome Jia!</span></div><style>.view-list-item{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1em}.article-item{display:block;padding-left:150px;text-indent:-172px;line-height:1.5}.article-date{display:inline-block;width:150px;margin-right:.8em;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:700;color:#333}@media(max-width:768px){.article-item{padding-left:100px;text-indent:-100px;font-size:1rem}.article-date{width:90px;margin-right:.5em}}@media(max-width:480px){.article-item{display:block;padding-left:0;text-indent:0;font-size:.95rem}.article-date{display:block;width:auto;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:.25em;text-align:left}}</style><div class="view-list view-list-item"><span class=article-item><strong class=article-date>[Jun 2026]</strong>One paper accepted in UAI 2026 on adversarial training and robust overfitting! Congratulations to Yuelin!</span></div><style>.view-list-item{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1em}.article-item{display:block;padding-left:150px;text-indent:-172px;line-height:1.5}.article-date{display:inline-block;width:150px;margin-right:.8em;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:700;color:#333}@media(max-width:768px){.article-item{padding-left:100px;text-indent:-100px;font-size:1rem}.article-date{width:90px;margin-right:.5em}}@media(max-width:480px){.article-item{display:block;padding-left:0;text-indent:0;font-size:.95rem}.article-date{display:block;width:auto;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:.25em;text-align:left}}</style><div class="view-list view-list-item"><span class=article-item><strong class=article-date>[May 2026]</strong>One paper accepted in TMLR 2026 on adversarial purification and vision language models! Congratulations to Jia!</span></div><style>.view-list-item{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1em}.article-item{display:block;padding-left:150px;text-indent:-172px;line-height:1.5}.article-date{display:inline-block;width:150px;margin-right:.8em;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:700;color:#333}@media(max-width:768px){.article-item{padding-left:100px;text-indent:-100px;font-size:1rem}.article-date{width:90px;margin-right:.5em}}@media(max-width:480px){.article-item{display:block;padding-left:0;text-indent:0;font-size:.95rem}.article-date{display:block;width:auto;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:.25em;text-align:left}}</style><div class="view-list view-list-item"><span class=article-item><strong class=article-date>[Apr 2026]</strong>One paper accepted in ACL 2026 Findings on LLM jailbreaks! Congratulations to Yuan!</span></div><style>.view-list-item{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1em}.article-item{display:block;padding-left:150px;text-indent:-172px;line-height:1.5}.article-date{display:inline-block;width:150px;margin-right:.8em;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:700;color:#333}@media(max-width:768px){.article-item{padding-left:100px;text-indent:-100px;font-size:1rem}.article-date{width:90px;margin-right:.5em}}@media(max-width:480px){.article-item{display:block;padding-left:0;text-indent:0;font-size:.95rem}.article-date{display:block;width:auto;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:.25em;text-align:left}}</style><div class="view-list view-list-item"><span class=article-item><strong class=article-date>[Jan 2026]</strong>One paper accepted in SaTML 2026 on semi-supervised adversarial training! Congratulations to Somrita!</span></div><style>.view-list-item{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1em}.article-item{display:block;padding-left:150px;text-indent:-172px;line-height:1.5}.article-date{display:inline-block;width:150px;margin-right:.8em;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:700;color:#333}@media(max-width:768px){.article-item{padding-left:100px;text-indent:-100px;font-size:1rem}.article-date{width:90px;margin-right:.5em}}@media(max-width:480px){.article-item{display:block;padding-left:0;text-indent:0;font-size:.95rem}.article-date{display:block;width:auto;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:.25em;text-align:left}}</style><div class="view-list view-list-item"><span class=article-item><strong class=article-date>[Oct 2025]</strong>Our paper (DivTrackee versus DynTracker: Promoting Diversity in Anti-Facial Recognition against Dynamic FR Strategy) has been awarded the Distinguished Paper Award ð at CCS 2025! Congratulations to Wenshu & Minxing!</span></div><style>.view-list-item{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1em}.article-item{display:block;padding-left:150px;text-indent:-172px;line-height:1.5}.article-date{display:inline-block;width:150px;margin-right:.8em;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:700;color:#333}@media(max-width:768px){.article-item{padding-left:100px;text-indent:-100px;font-size:1rem}.article-date{width:90px;margin-right:.5em}}@media(max-width:480px){.article-item{display:block;padding-left:0;text-indent:0;font-size:.95rem}.article-date{display:block;width:auto;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:.25em;text-align:left}}</style><div class="view-list view-list-item"><span class=article-item><strong class=article-date>[Sep 2025]</strong>One paper accepted in NeurIPS 2025 on LLM jailbreaks! Congratulations to Advik!</span></div><style>.view-list-item{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1em}.article-item{display:block;padding-left:150px;text-indent:-172px;line-height:1.5}.article-date{display:inline-block;width:150px;margin-right:.8em;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:700;color:#333}@media(max-width:768px){.article-item{padding-left:100px;text-indent:-100px;font-size:1rem}.article-date{width:90px;margin-right:.5em}}@media(max-width:480px){.article-item{display:block;padding-left:0;text-indent:0;font-size:.95rem}.article-date{display:block;width:auto;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:.25em;text-align:left}}</style><div class="view-list view-list-item"><span class=article-item><strong class=article-date>[Aug 2025]</strong>Advik starts his visit at AIR-ML as an intern stduent. Welcome Advik!</span></div><style>.view-list-item{font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1em}.article-item{display:block;padding-left:150px;text-indent:-172px;line-height:1.5}.article-date{display:inline-block;width:150px;margin-right:.8em;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:700;color:#333}@media(max-width:768px){.article-item{padding-left:100px;text-indent:-100px;font-size:1rem}.article-date{width:90px;margin-right:.5em}}@media(max-width:480px){.article-item{display:block;padding-left:0;text-indent:0;font-size:.95rem}.article-date{display:block;width:auto;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:.25em;text-align:left}}</style><div class=see-all><a href=/post/>See all posts 3<i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></a></div></div></div></div></section><section id=section-markdown class="home-section wg-markdown"><div class=home-section-bg></div><div class=container><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class=col-12><ul class=cta-group><li><a href=./team/ class="btn btn-primary px-3 py-3">Meet the team â</a></li></ul></div></div></div></section></div><div class=page-footer><div class=container><footer class=site-footer><p class="powered-by copyright-license-text">Powered by Hugo Blox · Xiao Zhang © 2026</p></footer></div></div>
3<script src=/js/vendor-bundle.min.50933d940896e49f984a778650d5f7f5.js></script>
3<script src=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/leaflet.min.js integrity crossorigin=anonymous></script>
3<script id=search-hit-fuse-template type=text/x-template> 4 <div class="search-hit" id="summary-{{key}}"> 5 <div class="search-hit-content"> 6 <div class="search-hit-name"> 7 <a href="{{relpermalink}}">{{title}}</a> 8 <div class="article-metadata search-hit-type">{{type}}</div> 9 <p class="search-hit-description">{{snippet}}</p> 10 </div> 11 </div> 12 </div> 13 </script>
13<script src=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/krisk/[email protected]/dist/fuse.min.js integrity="sha512-o38bmzBGX+hD3JHWUFCDA09btWaqrNmoJ3RXLlrysA7PP01Kgs4UlE4MhelE1v5dJR3+cxlR4qQlotsW7jKsnw==" crossorigin=anonymous></script>
13<script src=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/julmot/[email protected]/dist/jquery.mark.min.js integrity="sha512-mhbv5DqBMgrWL+32MmsDOt/OAvqr/cHimk6B8y/bx/xS88MVkYGPiVv2ixKVrkywF2qHplNRUvFsAHUdxZ3Krg==" crossorigin=anonymous></script>
13<script id=page-data type=application/json>{"use_headroom":false}</script>
13<script src=/en/js/wowchemy.min.7f5ebaff62ae468cff8bb3dd1337bb9b.js></script>
13<script src=/js/wowchemy-map.a26e9d2f7238ba5b868384f1c5bc6477.js type=module></script>
13<div id=modal class="modal fade" role=dialog><div class=modal-dialog><div class=modal-content><div class=modal-header><h5 class=modal-title>Cite</h5><button type=button class=close data-dismiss=modal aria-label=Close> 14<span aria-hidden=true>×</span></button></div><div class=modal-body><pre><code></code></pre></div><div class=modal-footer><a class="btn btn-outline-primary my-1 js-copy-cite" href=# target=_blank><i class="fas fa-copy"></i> Copy 15</a><a class="btn btn-outline-primary my-1 js-download-cite" href=# target=_blank><i class="fas fa-download"></i> Download</a><div id=modal-error></div></div></div></div></div>
15<script src=/js/wowchemy-publication.9c0e895144aef5a693008b5c5d450147.js type=module></script>
15</body></html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.