PageSourceSearch

https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/

html theleavingcert.com collected 2026-10-06 15:07:59 UTC 87,581 bytes, 442 lines download raw bytes

1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html lang="en-US">
3<head>
4<meta charset="UTF-8">
5<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
6<link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
7
8<meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />
9
10	<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https://yoast.com/product/yoast-seo-wordpress/ -->
11	<title>Exam Papers - The Leaving Cert</title>
12	<link rel="canonical" href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/" />
13	<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
14	<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
15	<meta property="og:title" content="Exam Papers - The Leaving Cert" />
16	<meta property="og:description" content="The following links will take you to the exam papers &amp; marking schemes for a specific subject. If you notice any missing papers or broken links please contact us and we&#8217;ll fix them. Accounting Agricultural Economics Agricultural Science Ancient Greek Applied Mathematics Arabic Art Biology Bulgarian Business Chemistry Classical Studies Construction Studies Czech Danish Design &hellip; Exam Papers Read More &raquo;" />
17	<meta property="og:url" content="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/" />
18	<meta property="og:site_name" content="The Leaving Cert" />
19	<meta property="article:publisher" content="https://facebook.com/theleavingcert" />
20	<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2020-01-05T21:51:04+00:00" />
21	<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
22	<meta name="twitter:site" content="@theleavingcert" />
23	<meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" />
24	<meta name="twitter:data1" content="1 minute" />
25	
25<script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/exam-papers\/","url":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/exam-papers\/","name":"Exam Papers - The Leaving Cert","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2010-09-13T17:51:37+00:00","dateModified":"2020-01-05T21:51:04+00:00","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/exam-papers\/"]}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/","name":"The Leaving Cert","description":"Leaving Cert Papers, News, Notes, Tips and  Resources","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/#organization","name":"The Leaving Cert","url":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theleavingcert.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/leavingcert-logo.png?fit=544%2C180&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theleavingcert.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/leavingcert-logo.png?fit=544%2C180&ssl=1","width":544,"height":180,"caption":"The Leaving Cert"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/facebook.com\/theleavingcert","https:\/\/x.com\/theleavingcert","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/the_leaving_cert\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/theleavingcert"]}]}</script>
25
26	<!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. -->
27
28
29<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' />
30<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//jetpack.wordpress.com' />
31<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' />
32<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//public-api.wordpress.com' />
33<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//secure.gravatar.com' />
34<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' />
35<link rel='preconnect' href='//i0.wp.com' />
36<link rel='preconnect' href='//c0.wp.com' />
37<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Leaving Cert &raquo; Feed" href="https://theleavingcert.com/feed/" />
38<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Leaving Cert &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://theleavingcert.com/comments/feed/" />
39<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://theleavingcert.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftheleavingcert.com%2Fexam-papers%2F" />
40<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://theleavingcert.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftheleavingcert.com%2Fexam-papers%2F&#038;format=xml" />
41<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css">
42img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}
43/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */
44</style>
45<link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-theme-css-css' href='https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/style.min.css?ver=3.9.2' media='all' />
46<style id="astra-theme-css-inline-css">
47.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: calc( -50vw + 50%);margin-right: calc( -50vw + 50%);max-width: 100vw;width: 100vw;}.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide {margin-left: calc(-41vw + 50%);margin-right: calc(-41vw + 50%);max-width: unset;width: unset;}.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignwide,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignwide,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignwide{width: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.wp-block-gallery,.blocks-gallery-grid {margin: 0;}.wp-block-separator {max-width: 100px;}.wp-block-separator.is-style-wide,.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots {max-width: none;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:first-child {padding-right: 10px;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:last-child {padding-left: 10px;}@media (max-width: 782px) {.entry-content .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column {flex-basis: 100%;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:first-child {padding-right: 0;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:last-child {padding-left: 0;}}body .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts {margin-left: 0;}body .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts li {list-style: none;}.ast-no-sidebar .ast-container .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts {margin-left: 0;}.ast-header-break-point .entry-content .alignwide {margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.entry-content .blocks-gallery-item img {margin-bottom: auto;}
47.wp-block-pullquote {border-top: 4px solid #555d66;border-bottom: 4px solid #555d66;color: #40464d;}:root{--ast-container-default-xlg-padding:6.67em;--ast-container-default-lg-padding:5.67em;--ast-container-default-slg-padding:4.34em;--ast-container-default-md-padding:3.34em;--ast-container-default-sm-padding:6.67em;--ast-container-default-xs-padding:2.4em;--ast-container-default-xxs-padding:1.4em;}html{font-size:93.75%;}a,.page-title{color:#0274be;}a:hover,a:focus{color:#3a3a3a;}body,button,input,select,textarea,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-weight:inherit;font-size:15px;font-size:1rem;}blockquote{color:#000000;}.site-title{font-size:35px;font-size:2.3333333333333rem;display:block;}header .custom-logo-link img{max-width:125px;}.astra-logo-svg{width:125px;}.ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title{font-size:40px;font-size:2.6666666666667rem;}.site-header .site-description{font-size:13px;font-size:0.86666666666667rem;display:block;}.entry-title{font-size:40px;font-size:2.6666666666667rem;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:40px;font-size:2.6666666666667rem;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:30px;font-size:2rem;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:25px;font-size:1.6666666666667rem;}h4,.entry-content h4{font-size:20px;font-size:1.3333333333333rem;}h5,.entry-content h5{font-size:18px;font-size:1.2rem;}h6,.entry-content h6{font-size:15px;font-size:1rem;}.ast-single-post .entry-title,.page-title{font-size:30px;font-size:2rem;}::selection{background-color:#0274be;color:#ffffff;}body,h1,.entry-title a,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:#3a3a3a;}.tagcloud a:hover,.tagcloud a:focus,.tagcloud a.current-item{color:#ffffff;border-color:#0274be;background-color:#0274be;}input:focus,input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,textarea:focus{border-color:#0274be;}input[type="radio"]:checked,input[type=reset],input[type="checkbox"]:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:hover:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:focus:checked,input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb{border-color:#0274be;background-color:#0274be;box-shadow:none;}.site-footer a:hover + .post-count,.site-footer a:focus + .post-count{background:#0274be;border-color:#0274be;}.single .nav-links .nav-previous,.single .nav-links .nav-next{color:#0274be;}.entry-meta,.entry-meta *{line-height:1.45;color:#0274be;}.entry-meta a:hover,.entry-meta a:hover *,.entry-meta a:focus,.entry-meta a:focus *,.page-links > .page-link,.page-links .page-link:hover,.post-navigation a:hover{color:#3a3a3a;}#cat option,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a:visited{color:#0274be;}.secondary .calendar_wrap #today,.ast-progress-val span{background:#0274be;}.secondary a:hover + .post-count,.secondary a:focus + .post-count{background:#0274be;border-color:#0274be;}.calendar_wrap #today > a{color:#ffffff;}.page-links .page-link,.single .post-navigation a{color:#0274be;}.widget-title{font-size:21px;font-size:1.4rem;color:#3a3a3a;}#secondary,#secondary button,#secondary input,#secondary select,#secondary textarea{font-size:15px;font-size:1rem;}.main-header-menu .menu-link,.ast-header-custom-item a{color:#3a3a3a;}.main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle,.main-header-menu .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items a:hover,.main-header-menu .menu-item.focus > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .menu-item.focus > .ast-menu-toggle,.main-header-menu .current-menu-item > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .current-menu-ancestor > .menu-link,.main-header-menu .current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle,.main-header-menu .current-menu-ancestor > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#0274be;}.header-main-layout-3 .ast-main-header-bar-alignment{margin-right:auto;}.header-main-layout-2 .site-header-section-left .ast-site-identity{text-align:left;}.ast-logo-title-inline .site-logo-img{padding-right:1em;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-menu-buttons-minimal.menu-toggle{background:transparent;color:#0274be;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-menu-buttons-outline.menu-toggle{background:transparent;border:1px solid #0274be;color:#0274be;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-menu-buttons-fill.menu-toggle{background:#0274be;}#secondary {margin: 4em 0 2.5em;word-break: break-word;line-height: 2;}#secondary li {margin-bottom: 0.25em;}#secondary li:last-child {margin-bottom: 0;}@media (max-width: 768px) {.js_active .ast-plain-container.ast-single-post #secondary {margin-top: 1.5em;}}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget {background-color: #fff;padding: 2em;margin-bottom: 2em;}@media (min-width: 993px) {.ast-left-sidebar #secondary {padding-right: 60px;}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary {padding-left: 60px;}}
47@media (max-width: 993px) {.ast-right-sidebar #secondary {padding-left: 30px;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary {padding-right: 30px;}}.footer-adv .footer-adv-overlay{border-top-style:solid;border-top-color:#7a7a7a;}.wp-block-buttons.aligncenter{justify-content:center;}@media (max-width:782px){.entry-content .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column{margin-left:0px;}}.wp-block-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.wp-block-table.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media (max-width:768px){.ast-separate-container #primary,.ast-separate-container #secondary{padding:1.5em 0;}#primary,#secondary{padding:1.5em 0;margin:0;}.ast-left-sidebar #content > .ast-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;width:100%;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.ast-author-box img.avatar{margin:20px 0 0 0;}}@media (max-width:768px){#secondary.secondary{padding-top:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header #secondary,.ast-page-builder-template #secondary{margin-top:1.5em;}}@media (max-width:768px){.ast-right-sidebar #primary{padding-right:0;}.ast-page-builder-template.ast-left-sidebar #secondary,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:20px;padding-left:20px;}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary,.ast-left-sidebar #primary{padding-left:0;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:0;}}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #primary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #primary{border:0;}.search-no-results.ast-separate-container #primary{margin-bottom:4em;}}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-right-sidebar #primary{border-right:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);}.ast-left-sidebar #primary{border-left:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{border-left:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);margin-left:-1px;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{border-right:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);margin-right:-1px;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-left:30px;padding-right:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:30px;padding-left:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{border:0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}}.menu-toggle,button,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button,.button,input#submit,input[type="button"],input[type="submit"],input[type="reset"]{color:#ffffff;border-color:#0274be;background-color:#0274be;border-radius:2px;padding-top:10px;padding-right:40px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:40px;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;}button:focus,.menu-toggle:hover,button:hover,.ast-button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover .button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover,input[type=reset]:hover,input[type=reset]:focus,input#submit:hover,input#submit:focus,input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#3a3a3a;border-color:#3a3a3a;}@media (min-width:544px){.ast-container{max-width:100%;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .comments-title,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{padding:1.5em 1em;}.ast-separate-container #content .ast-container{padding-left:0.54em;padding-right:0.54em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1{padding:1.5em 1em;margin-bottom:1.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor{padding:.5em;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field{width:170px;}.ast-separate-container #secondary{padding-top:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{margin-bottom:1.5em;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;}.site-branding img,.site-header .site-logo-img .custom-logo-link img{max-width:100%;}}@media (max-width:768px){.ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon{display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-icon{margin:0;}.ast-comment-avatar-wrap img{max-width:2.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.ast-separate-container .comment-respond{padding:2em 2.14em;}.ast-comment-meta{padding:0 1.8888em 1.3333em;}}.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: -6.67em;margin-right: -6.67em;width: auto;}@media (max-width: 1200px) {.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: -2.4em;margin-right: -2.4em;}}@media (max-width: 768px) {.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: -2.14em;margin-right: -2.14em;}}@media (max-width: 544px) {.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: -1em;margin-right: -1em;}}.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignwide {margin-left: -20px;margin-right: -20px;}.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignwide {margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width: 100%;}@media (max-width:768px){.site-title{display:block;}.ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title{font-size:40px;}
47.site-header .site-description{display:block;}.entry-title{font-size:30px;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}.ast-single-post .entry-title,.page-title{font-size:30px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.site-title{display:block;}.ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title{font-size:40px;}.site-header .site-description{display:block;}.entry-title{font-size:30px;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}.ast-single-post .entry-title,.page-title{font-size:30px;}}@media (max-width:768px){html{font-size:85.5%;}}@media (max-width:544px){html{font-size:85.5%;}}@media (min-width:769px){.ast-container{max-width:1240px;}}@font-face {font-family: "Astra";src: url(https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.woff) format("woff"),url(https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.ttf) format("truetype"),url(https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.svg#astra) format("svg");font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-display: fallback;}@media (max-width:921px) {.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation{display:none;}}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{border-color:#0274be;}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu{border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-style:solid;}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu .sub-menu{top:-2px;}.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .sub-menu .menu-link,.ast-desktop .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .children .menu-link{border-bottom-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:#eaeaea;}@media (min-width:769px){.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu:hover > .sub-menu,.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu.focus > .sub-menu{margin-left:-0px;}}.ast-small-footer{border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;border-top-color:#7a7a7a;}.ast-small-footer-wrap{text-align:center;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-search-icon {display: none;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {padding: 0;display: block;overflow: hidden;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-custom-item .widget:last-child {margin-bottom: 1em;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget {margin: 0.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget p {margin-bottom: 0;}.ast-header-custom-item .widget li {width: auto;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside .button-custom-menu-item .menu-link {display: none;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item .ast-custom-button-link {display: none;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item .menu-link {display: block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .main-header-bar .ast-search-icon {margin-right: 1em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field,.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field {width: 100%;padding-right: 5.5em;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-inside .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: block;position: absolute;height: 100%;top: 0;right: 0;padding: 0 1em;border-radius: 0;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-custom-item .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items {padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;margin-bottom: 1em;margin-top: 1em;}.ast-header-custom-item-inside.ast-header-break-point .button-custom-menu-item {padding-left: 0;padding-right: 0;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;}.astra-icon-down_arrow::after {content: "\e900";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-close::after {content: "\e5cd";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-drag_handle::after {content: "\e25d";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-format_align_justify::after {content: "\e235";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-menu::after {content: "\e5d2";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-reorder::after {content: "\e8fe";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-search::after {content: "\e8b6";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-zoom_in::after {content: "\e56b";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-check-circle::after {content: "\e901";font-family: Astra;}
47.astra-icon-shopping-cart::after {content: "\f07a";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-bag::after {content: "\f290";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-basket::after {content: "\f291";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-circle-o::after {content: "\e903";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-certificate::after {content: "\e902";font-family: Astra;}blockquote {padding: 1.2em;}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root{--ast-global-color-0:#0170B9;--ast-global-color-1:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-2:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-3:#4B4F58;--ast-global-color-4:#F5F5F5;--ast-global-color-5:#FFFFFF;--ast-global-color-6:#E5E5E5;--ast-global-color-7:#424242;--ast-global-color-8:#000000;}:root {--ast-border-color : #dddddd;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items li{display:inline-block;margin:0;padding:0;border:none;background:inherit;text-indent:0;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse{font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;color:inherit;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items{list-style:none;}.trail-items li::after{padding:0 0.3em;content:"\00bb";}.trail-items li:last-of-type::after{display:none;}.trail-items li::after{content:"»";}.ast-breadcrumbs-wrapper,.ast-breadcrumbs-wrapper a{font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;}.ast-breadcrumbs-wrapper{text-align:left;}.ast-header-breadcrumb{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;width:100%;}.ast-default-menu-enable.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar.ast-header-breadcrumb,.ast-main-header-nav-open .main-header-bar.ast-header-breadcrumb{padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em;}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar.ast-header-breadcrumb{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:#eaeaea;border-bottom-style:solid;}.ast-breadcrumbs-wrapper{line-height:1.4;}.ast-breadcrumbs-wrapper .rank-math-breadcrumb p{margin-bottom:0px;}.ast-breadcrumbs-wrapper{display:block;width:100%;}h1,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;}@media (min-width:769px){.main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;}}@media (min-width:769px){#primary{width:70%;}#secondary{width:30%;}}.main-header-menu .menu-item, #astra-footer-menu .menu-item, .main-header-bar .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items{-js-display:flex;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;
47-webkit-justify-content:center;-moz-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.main-header-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link, #astra-footer-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link{height:100%;-webkit-box-align:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-moz-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-js-display:flex;display:flex;}.ast-primary-menu-disabled .main-header-bar .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items{flex:unset;}.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{position:absolute;right:1em;top:50%;transform:translate(0,-50%) rotate(270deg);}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .page_item_has_children > .ast-menu-toggle::before, .ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle::before, .ast-mobile-popup-drawer .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children>.ast-menu-toggle::before, .ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle::before{font-weight:bold;content:"\e900";font-family:Astra;text-decoration:inherit;display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point .main-navigation ul.sub-menu .menu-item .menu-link:before{content:"\e900";font-family:Astra;font-size:.65em;text-decoration:inherit;display:inline-block;transform:translate(0, -2px) rotateZ(270deg);margin-right:5px;}.widget_search .search-form:after{font-family:Astra;font-size:1.2em;font-weight:normal;content:"\e8b6";position:absolute;top:50%;right:15px;transform:translate(0, -50%);}.astra-search-icon::before{content:"\e8b6";font-family:Astra;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;z-index:3;}.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .page_item_has_children > a:after, .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > a:after, .site-header-focus-item .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:"\e900";display:inline-block;font-family:Astra;font-size:.6rem;font-weight:bold;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;margin-left:10px;line-height:normal;}.ast-mobile-popup-drawer .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-submenu-expanded>.ast-menu-toggle::before{transform:rotateX(180deg);}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{display:none;}.ast-separate-container .blog-layout-1, .ast-separate-container .blog-layout-2, .ast-separate-container .blog-layout-3{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;}@media (max-width:768px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;}}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post), .ast-separate-container .comments-area .comment-respond,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .ast-comment-list li, .ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container, .ast-separate-container .error-404, .ast-separate-container .no-results, .single.ast-separate-container  .ast-author-meta, .ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper, .ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper, .ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content, .ast-separate-container .comments-area .comments-title{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;}@media (max-width:768px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post), .ast-separate-container .comments-area .comment-respond,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .ast-comment-list li, .ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container, .ast-separate-container .error-404, .ast-separate-container .no-results, .single.ast-separate-container  .ast-author-meta, .ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper, .ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper, .ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content, .ast-separate-container .comments-area .comments-title{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post), .ast-separate-container .comments-area .comment-respond,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .ast-comment-list li, .ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container, .ast-separate-container .error-404, .ast-separate-container .no-results, .single.ast-separate-container  .ast-author-meta, .ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper, .ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper, .ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content, .ast-separate-container .comments-area .comments-title{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;}}
48/*# sourceURL=astra-theme-css-inline-css */
49</style>
50<link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-menu-animation-css' href='https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/menu-animation.min.css?ver=3.9.2' media='all' />
51<style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css">
52
53	img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
54		display: inline !important;
55		border: none !important;
56		box-shadow: none !important;
57		height: 1em !important;
58		width: 1em !important;
59		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
60		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
61		background: none !important;
62		padding: 0 !important;
63	}
64/*# sourceURL=wp-emoji-styles-inline-css */
65</style>
66<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css">
67:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}
67.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-color]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}
68
69/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/common.min.css */
70</style>
71
72<style id="global-styles-inline-css">
73:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0: var(--ast-global-color-0);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1: var(--ast-global-color-1);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2: var(--ast-global-color-2);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3: var(--ast-global-color-3);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4: var(--ast-global-color-4);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5: var(--ast-global-color-5);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6: var(--ast-global-color-6);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7: var(--ast-global-color-7);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8: var(--ast-global-color-8);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,
730) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size);--wp--style--global--wide-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size); }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 24px; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 24px; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 24px;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 24px;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}
73.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
74/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */
75</style>
76
77<link rel='stylesheet' id='ap-fileuploader-animation-css' href='https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/plugins/accesspress-anonymous-post-pro/css/loading-animation.css?ver=7.0.6' media='all' />
78<link rel='stylesheet' id='ap-fileuploader-css' href='https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/plugins/accesspress-anonymous-post-pro/css/fileuploader.css?ver=7.0.6' media='all' />
79<link rel='stylesheet' id='ap-tagit-styles-css' href='https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/plugins/accesspress-anonymous-post-pro/css/jquery.tagit.css?ver=7.0.6' media='all' />
80<link rel='stylesheet' id='ap-tagit-ui-styles-css' href='https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/plugins/accesspress-anonymous-post-pro/css/tagit.ui-zendesk.css?ver=7.0.6' media='all' />
81<link rel='stylesheet' id='ap-front-styles-css' href='https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/plugins/accesspress-anonymous-post-pro/css/frontend-style.css?ver=3.1.0' media='all' />
82<link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-notice-front-css' href='https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/css/front.min.css?ver=3.1.3' media='all' />
83<script id="ap-fileuploader-js" src="https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/plugins/accesspress-anonymous-post-pro/js/fileuploader.js?ver=7.0.6" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 83
83
84<script id="jquery-core-js" src="https://c0.wp.com/c/7.0.6/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 84
84
85<script id="jquery-migrate-js" src="https://c0.wp.com/c/7.0.6/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 85
85
86<script id="jquery-ui-core-js" src="https://c0.wp.com/c/7.0.6/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 86
86
87<script id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js" src="https://c0.wp.com/c/7.0.6/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 87
87
88<script id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js-after" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript">
89jQuery(function(jQuery){jQuery.datepicker.setDefaults({"closeText":"Close","currentText":"Today","monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Previous","dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"dateFormat":"M d, yy","firstDay":1,"isRTL":false});});
90//# sourceURL=jquery-ui-datepicker-js-after
91</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 91
91
92<script id="ap-frontend-js-js-extra" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript">
93var ap_fileuploader = {"upload_url":"https://theleavingcert.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"f9c1630bf7"};
94var ap_form_required_message = "This field is required";
95var ap_captcha_error_message = "Sum is not correct.";
96//# sourceURL=ap-frontend-js-js-extra
97</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 97
97
98<script id="ap-frontend-js-js" src="https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/plugins/accesspress-anonymous-post-pro/js/frontend.js?ver=3.1.0" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 98
98
99<script id="cookie-notice-front-js-before" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript">
100var cnArgs = {"ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/theleavingcert.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"bd3eb63663","hideEffect":"fade","position":"bottom","onScroll":false,"onScrollOffset":100,"onClick":false,"cookieName":"cookie_notice_accepted","cookieTime":2592000,"cookieTimeRejected":2592000,"globalCookie":false,"redirection":false,"cache":true,"revokeCookies":false,"revokeCookiesOpt":"automatic"};
101
102//# sourceURL=cookie-notice-front-js-before
103</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 103
103
104<script id="cookie-notice-front-js" src="https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/js/front.min.js?ver=3.1.3" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript"></script>
104
105<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://theleavingcert.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://theleavingcert.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/4284" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://theleavingcert.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
106<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 7.0.6" />
107<link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/P1OQEs-176' />
108
109		<!-- GA Google Analytics @ https://m0n.co/ga -->
110		
110<script type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript">
vendor: 349 bytes, lines 110-115
110
111			(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
112			(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
113			m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
114			})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
115			ga('create', '
115UA-3417597-7
vendor: 15 bytes, lines 115-116
115', 'auto');
116			
116ga('require', 'displayfeatures');
117			ga('require', 'linkid');
118			ga('set', 'forceSSL', true);
119			ga('send', 'pageview');
120		</script>
120
121
122	<style id="wp-custom-css">
123#primary{
124	margin: 1.5em 0;
125}
126#secondary{
127	margin-top: 2em;
128}
129.entry-title{
130	font-size: 2.2rem;	
131}
132.ap-pro-form-success-msg{
133	color: #fff;
134  background: green;
135  padding: 10px;
136  margin-bottom: 10px;
137}
138.ff-stream-wrapper{
139	margin-top: 0px !important;
140}
141</style>
142</head>
143
144<body itemtype='https://schema.org/WebPage' itemscope='itemscope' class="wp-singular page-template-default page page-id-4284 page-parent wp-theme-astra cookies-not-set ast-desktop ast-plain-container ast-right-sidebar astra-3.9.2 ast-header-custom-item-inside group-blog ast-single-post ast-mobile-inherit-site-logo ast-inherit-site-logo-transparent ast-normal-title-enabled">
145
146<a
147	class="skip-link screen-reader-text"
148	href="#content"
149	role="link"
150	title="Skip to content">
151		Skip to content</a>
152
153<div
154class="hfeed site" id="page">
155			<header
156		class="site-header ast-primary-submenu-animation-fade header-main-layout-1 ast-primary-menu-enabled ast-logo-title-inline ast-hide-custom-menu-mobile ast-menu-toggle-icon ast-mobile-header-inline" id="masthead" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" itemscope="itemscope" itemid="#masthead"		>
157			
158<div class="main-header-bar-wrap">
159	<div class="main-header-bar">
160				<div class="ast-container">
161
162			<div class="ast-flex main-header-container">
163				
164		<div class="site-branding">
165			<div
166			class="ast-site-identity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization" itemscope="itemscope"			>
167				<div class="ast-site-title-wrap">
168						<span class="site-title" itemprop="name">
169				<a href="https://theleavingcert.com/" rel="home" itemprop="url" >
170					The Leaving Cert
171				</a>
172			</span>
173						<p class="site-description" itemprop="description">
174				Leaving Cert Papers, News, Notes, Tips and  Resources
175			</p>
176				</div>			</div>
177		</div>
178
179		<!-- .site-branding -->
180				<div class="ast-mobile-menu-buttons">
181
182			
183					<div class="ast-button-wrap">
184			<button type="button" class="menu-toggle main-header-menu-toggle  ast-mobile-menu-buttons-minimal "  aria-controls='primary-menu' aria-expanded='false'>
185				<span class="screen-reader-text">Main Menu</span>
186				<span class="ast-icon icon-menu-bars"><span class="menu-toggle-icon"></span></span>							</button>
187		</div>
188			
189			
190		</div>
191			<div class="ast-main-header-bar-alignment"><div class="main-header-bar-navigation"><nav class="site-navigation ast-flex-grow-1 navigation-accessibility" id="primary-site-navigation" aria-label="Site Navigation" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope="itemscope"><div class="main-navigation"><ul id="primary-menu" class="main-header-menu ast-menu-shadow ast-nav-menu ast-flex ast-justify-content-flex-end  submenu-with-border astra-menu-animation-fade "><li id="menu-item-17486" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17486"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/subjects/" class="menu-link">Subjects</a></li>
192<li id="menu-item-5802" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-4284 current_page_item menu-item-5802"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/" aria-current="page" class="menu-link">Exam Papers</a></li>
193<li id="menu-item-4289" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4289"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/points-calculator/" class="menu-link">Points Calculator</a></li>
194<li id="menu-item-17403" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17403"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/leaving-cert-social-wall/" class="menu-link">Social Wall</a></li>
195<li id="menu-item-8562" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-8562"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/faqs/" class="menu-link">FAQs</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button>
196<ul class="sub-menu">
197	<li id="menu-item-17500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17500"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/cao-deadlines-2020/" class="menu-link">CAO Deadlines 2020</a></li>
198	<li id="menu-item-17746" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17746"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/leaving-cert-fees/" class="menu-link">Leaving Cert Fees</a></li>
199	<li id="menu-item-8876" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8876"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/faqs/" class="menu-link">Leaving Cert Subjects FAQs</a></li>
200	<li id="menu-item-8111" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8111"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/appealing-results/" class="menu-link">Appealing Results</a></li>
201	<li id="menu-item-8106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8106"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/repeating-leaving-cert/" class="menu-link">Repeating The Leaving Cert</a></li>
202	<li id="menu-item-8107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8107"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/get-copy-leaving-cert-results/" class="menu-link">How to get a copy of your leaving cert results</a></li>
203	<li id="menu-item-8282" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8282"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exams-students-physical-learning-difficulties/" class="menu-link">Physical and Learning difficulties</a></li>
204	<li id="menu-item-17452" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17452"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/leaving-cert-formulae-and-tables/" class="menu-link">Log tables in exams</a></li>
205	<li id="menu-item-17375" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17375"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/leaving-cert-timetables/" class="menu-link">Leaving Cert Timetables</a></li>
206</ul>
207</li>
208<li id="menu-item-9180" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-9180"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/rant/" class="menu-link">Rant</a><button class="ast-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu Toggle</span><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"></span></button>
209<ul class="sub-menu">
210	<li id="menu-item-9197" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9197"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/rant/" class="menu-link">Add a Rant</a></li>
211	<li id="menu-item-9193" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-9193"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/category/anonymous-rants/" class="menu-link">View All Rants</a></li>
212</ul>
213</li>
214<li id="menu-item-16120" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16120"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/contact/" class="menu-link">Contact</a></li>
215</ul></div></nav></div></div>			</div><!-- Main Header Container -->
216		</div><!-- ast-row -->
217			</div> <!-- Main Header Bar -->
218</div> <!-- Main Header Bar Wrap -->
219		</header><!-- #masthead -->
220		<div class="main-header-bar ast-header-breadcrumb">
221							<div class="ast-container">	<div class="ast-breadcrumbs-wrapper">
222		<div class="ast-breadcrumbs-inner">
223			<nav role="navigation" aria-label="Breadcrumbs" class="breadcrumb-trail breadcrumbs" ><div class="ast-breadcrumbs"><ul class="trail-items" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><meta content="2" name="numberOfItems" /><meta name="itemListOrder" content="Ascending"/><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="trail-item trail-begin"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/" rel="home" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /></li>
223<li  class="trail-item trail-end"><span><span>Exam Papers</span></span></li></ul></div></nav>		</div>
224	</div>
225		</div>
226					</div>	<div id="content" class="site-content">
227		<div class="ast-container">
228		
229
230	<div id="primary" class="content-area primary">
231
232		
233					<main id="main" class="site-main">
234				<article
235class="post-4284 page type-page status-publish ast-article-single" id="post-4284" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope">
236		<header class="entry-header ast-no-thumbnail ast-no-meta">
237		
238		<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Exam Papers</h1>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
239
240	<div class="entry-content clear"
241		itemprop="text"	>
242
243		
244		<p>The following links will take you to the exam papers &amp; marking schemes for a specific subject. If you notice any missing papers or broken links please <a title="Contact" href="https://theleavingcert.com/contact/">contact us</a> and we&#8217;ll fix them.</p>
245<ul>
246<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/accounting/">Accounting</a></li>
247<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/agricultural-economics/">Agricultural Economics</a></li>
248<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/agricultural-science/">Agricultural Science</a></li>
249<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/ancient-greek/">Ancient Greek</a></li>
250<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/applied-mathematics/">Applied Mathematics</a></li>
251<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/arabic/">Arabic</a></li>
252<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/art/">Art</a></li>
253<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/biology/">Biology</a></li>
254<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/bulgarian/">Bulgarian</a></li>
255<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/business/">Business</a></li>
256<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/chemistry/">Chemistry</a></li>
257<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/classical-studies/">Classical Studies</a></li>
258<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/construction-studies/">Construction Studies</a></li>
259<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/czech/">Czech</a></li>
260<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/danish/">Danish</a></li>
261<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/design-and-communication-graphics/">Design &amp; Communication Graphics</a></li>
262<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/dutch/">Dutch</a></li>
263<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/economics/">Economics </a></li>
264<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/engineering/">Engineering </a></li>
265<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/english/">English </a></li>
266<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/estonian/">Estonian </a></li>
267<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/finnish/">Finnish </a></li>
268<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/french/">French </a></li>
269<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/geography/">Geography </a></li>
270<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/german/">German </a></li>
271<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/hebrew-studies/">Hebrew Studies </a></li>
272<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/history-early-modern/">History (early modern)</a></li>
273<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/history-later-modern/">History (later modern)</a></li>
274<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/home-economics-s-and-s/">Home Economics S &amp; S </a></li>
275<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/hungarian/">Hungarian </a></li>
276<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/irish/">Irish </a></li>
277<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/italian/">Italian </a></li>
278<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/japanese/">Japanese </a></li>
279<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/latin/">Latin</a></li>
280<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/latvian/">Latvian </a></li>
281<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/link-modules/">Link Modules </a></li>
282<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/lithuanian/">Lithuanian</a></li>
283<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/maltese/">Maltese</a></li>
284<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/mathematics/">Mathematics </a></li>
285<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/modern-greek/">Modern Greek </a></li>
286<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/music/">Music </a></li>
287<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/physics/">Physics </a></li>
288<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/physics-and-chemistry/">Physics &amp; Chemistry </a></li>
289<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/polish/">Polish</a></li>
290<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/politics-and-society/">Politics &amp; Society</a></li>
291<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/portuguese/">Portuguese </a></li>
292<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/religious-education/">Religious Education </a></li>
293<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/romanian/">Romanian </a></li>
294<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/russian/">Russian </a></li>
295<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/slovakian/">Slovakian</a></li>
296<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/slovenian/">Slovenian</a></li>
297<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/spanish/">Spanish</a></li>
298<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/swedish/">Swedish </a></li>
299<li><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/technology/">Technology</a></li>
300</ul>
301
302		
303		
304	</div><!-- .entry-content .clear -->
305
306	
307	
308</article><!-- #post-## -->
309
310			</main><!-- #main -->
311			
312		
313	</div><!-- #primary -->
314
315
316	<div class="widget-area secondary" id="secondary" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPSideBar" itemscope="itemscope">
317	<div class="sidebar-main" >
318		
319		<aside id="flexipages-3" class="widget widget_pages widget_flexipages flexipages_widget"><h2 class="widget-title">Subjects</h2>
320<ul>
321	<li class="page_item page-item-1302"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/accounting/" title="Accounting">Accounting</a></li>
322	<li class="page_item page-item-1304"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/agricultural-economics/" title="Agricultural Economics">Agricultural Economics</a></li>
323	<li class="page_item page-item-1308"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/agricultural-science/" title="Agricultural Science">Agricultural Science</a></li>
324	<li class="page_item page-item-1312"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/ancient-greek/" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a></li>
325	<li class="page_item page-item-1354"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/applied-mathematics/" title="Ap
325plied Mathematics">Applied Mathematics</a></li>
326	<li class="page_item page-item-1356"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/arabic/" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li>
327	<li class="page_item page-item-1358"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/art/" title="Art">Art</a></li>
328	<li class="page_item page-item-1360"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/biology/" title="Biology">Biology</a></li>
329	<li class="page_item page-item-1383"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/bulgarian/" title="Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li>
330	<li class="page_item page-item-4285"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/business/" title="Business">Business</a></li>
331	<li class="page_item page-item-1387"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/chemistry/" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li>
332	<li class="page_item page-item-1398"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/classical-studies/" title="Classical Studies">Classical Studies</a></li>
333	<li class="page_item page-item-1400"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/construction-studies/" title="Construction Studies">Construction Studies</a></li>
334	<li class="page_item page-item-8464"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/croatian/" title="Croatian">Croatian</a></li>
335	<li class="page_item page-item-1402"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/czech/" title="Czech">Czech</a></li>
336	<li class="page_item page-item-1404"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/danish/" title="Danish">Danish</a></li>
337	<li class="page_item page-item-1406"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/design-and-communication-graphics/" title="Design & Communication Graphics">Design & Communication Graphics</a></li>
338	<li class="page_item page-item-1408"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/dutch/" title="Dutch">Dutch</a></li>
339	<li class="page_item page-item-1410"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/economics/" title="Economics">Economics</a></li>
340	<li class="page_item page-item-1412"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/engineering/" title="Engineering">Engineering</a></li>
341	<li class="page_item page-item-1414"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/english/" title="English">English</a></li>
342	<li class="page_item page-item-1416"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/estonian/" title="Estonian">Estonian</a></li>
343	<li class="page_item page-item-1418"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/finnish/" title="Finnish">Finnish</a></li>
344	<li class="page_item page-item-1420"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/french/" title="French">French</a></li>
345	<li class="page_item page-item-1422"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/geography/" title="Geography">Geography</a></li>
346	<li class="page_item page-item-1424"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/german/" title="German">German</a></li>
347	<li class="page_item page-item-1426"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/hebrew-studies/" title="Hebrew Studies">Hebrew Studies</a></li>
348	<li class="page_item page-item-4286"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/history-early-modern/" title="History (early modern)">History (early modern)</a></li>
349	<li class="page_item page-item-10018"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/history-later-modern/" title="History (later modern)">History (later modern)</a></li>
350	<li class="page_item page-item-1430"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/home-economics-s-and-s/" title="Home Economics S and S">Home Economics S and S</a></li>
351	<li class="page_item page-item-1432"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/hungarian/" title="Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li>
352	<li class="page_item page-item-1434"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/irish/" title="Irish">Irish</a></li>
353	<li class="page_item page-item-1437"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/italian/" title="Italian">Italian</a></li>
354	<li class="page_item page-item-1439"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/japanese/" title="Japanese">Japanese</a></li>
355	<li class="page_item page-item-1441"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/latin/" title="Latin">Latin</a></li>
356	<li class="page_item page-item-1443"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/latvian/" title="Latvian">Latvian</a></li>
357	<li class="page_item page-item-4287"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/link-modules/" title="Link Modules">Link Modules</a></li>
358	<li class="page_item page-item-1447"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/lithuanian/" title="Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li>
359	<li class="page_item page-item-17436"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/maltese/" title="Maltese">Maltese</a></li>
360	<li class="page_item page-item-1449"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/mathematics/" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li>
361	<li class="page_item page-item-1451"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/modern-greek/" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a></li>
362	<li class="page_item page-item-1453"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/music/" title="Music">Music</a></li>
363	<li class="page_item page-item-1455"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/physics/" title="Physics">Physics</a></li>
364	<li class="page_item page-item-1457"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/physics-and-chemistry/" title="Physics and Chemistry">Physics and Chemistry</a></li>
365	<li class="page_item page-item-1459"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/polish/" title="Polish">Polish</a></li>
366	<li class="page_item page-item-17433"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/politics-and-society/" title="Politics and Society">Politics and Society</a></li>
367	<li class="page_item page-item-1461"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/portuguese/" title="Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li>
368	<li class="page_item page-item-1463"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/religious-education/" title="Religious Education">Religious Education</a></li>
369	<li class="page_item page-item-1465"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/romanian/" title="Romanian">Romanian</a></li>
370	<li class="page_item page-item-1467"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/russian/" title="Russian">Russian</a></li>
371	<li class="page_item page-item-1469"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/slovakian/" title="Slovakian">Slovakian</a></li>
372	<li class="page_item page-item-17430"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/slovenian/" title="Slovenian">Slovenian</a></li>
373	<li class="page_item page-item-1471"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/spanish/" title="Spanish">Spanish</a></li>
374	<li class="page_item page-item-1473"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/swedish/" title="Swedish">Swedish</a></li>
375	<li class="page_item page-item-1475"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/exam-papers/technology/" title="Technology">Technology</a></li>
376</ul></aside>
377	</div><!-- .sidebar-main -->
378</div><!-- #secondary -->
379
380
381	</div> <!-- ast-container -->
382	</div><!-- #content -->
383
384		<footer
385		class="site-footer" id="colophon" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope="itemscope" itemid="#colophon"		>
386
387			
388			
389<div class="ast-small-footer footer-sml-layout-1">
390	<div class="ast-footer-overlay">
391		<div class="ast-container">
392			<div class="ast-small-footer-wrap" >
393									<div class="ast-small-footer-section ast-small-footer-section-1" >
394						Copyright © 2026 <span class="ast-footer-site-title">The Leaving Cert</span>					</div>
395				
396									<div class="ast-small-footer-section ast-small-footer-section-2" >
397						<div class="footer-primary-navigation"><ul id="menu-footer" class="nav-menu"><li id="menu-item-16199" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16199"><a href="https://theleavingcert.com/terms/" class="menu-link">Terms of Use</a></li>
398<li id="menu-item-16200" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-16200"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://theleavingcert.com/privacy-policy/" class="menu-link">Privacy Policy</a></li>
399</ul></div>					</div>
400				
401			</div><!-- .ast-row .ast-small-footer-wrap -->
402		</div><!-- .ast-container -->
403	</div><!-- .ast-footer-overlay -->
404</div><!-- .ast-small-footer-->
405
406			
407		</footer><!-- #colophon -->
408			</div><!-- #page -->
409<script type="speculationrules">
410{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/astra/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
411</script>
411
412			
412<script type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript">
413			/(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1);
414			</script>
414
415			
415<script id="astra-theme-js-js-extra" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript">
416var astra = {"break_point":"921","isRtl":""};
417//# sourceURL=astra-theme-js-js-extra
418</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 418
418
419<script id="astra-theme-js-js" src="https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/js/minified/style.min.js?ver=3.9.2" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 419
419
420<script id="countdown-script-js-extra" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript">
421var tCountAjax = {"ajaxurl":"https://theleavingcert.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","api_nonce":"9b80cdd17b","api_url":"https://theleavingcert.com/wp-json/tminus/v1/","countdownNonce":"acff32eaa1","tminusnow":"{\"now\":\"10\\/6\\/2026 16:07:59\"}"};
422//# sourceURL=countdown-script-js-extra
423</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 423
423
424<script id="countdown-script-js" src="https://theleavingcert.com/wp-content/plugins/t-countdown/js/jquery.t-countdown.min.js?ver=2.4.6" type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-text/javascript"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 424
424
425<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json">
426{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://theleavingcert.com/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.0.6"}}
427</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 427
427
428<script type="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-module">
429/*! This file is auto-generated */
430var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))});
431//# sourceURL=https://theleavingcert.com/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js
432</script>
432
433
434		<!-- Compliance by Hu-manity.co plugin v3.1.3 https://hu-manity.co/ -->
435		<div id="cookie-notice" role="dialog" class="cookie-notice-hidden cookie-revoke-hidden cn-position-bottom" aria-label="Compliance by Hu-manity.co" style="background-color: rgba(0,0,0,1);"><div class="cookie-notice-container" style="color: #fff"><span id="cn-notice-text" class="cn-text-container">We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.</span><span id="cn-notice-buttons" class="cn-buttons-container"><button id="cn-accept-cookie" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-set-cookie cn-button cn-button-custom button" aria-label="Ok">Ok</button><button data-link-url="https://theleavingcert.com/privacy-policy/" data-link-target="_self" id="cn-more-info" class="cn-more-info cn-button cn-button-custom button" aria-label="Read more">Read more</button></span><button type="button" id="cn-close-notice" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-close-icon" aria-label="No"></button></div>
436			
437		</div>
438		<!-- / Compliance by Hu-manity.co plugin -->
vendor: 143 bytes, line 438
438	<script src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/7d0fa10a/cloudflare-static/rocket-loader.min.js" data-cf-settings="7a74f39267ef27e5777adae3-|49" defer></script>
438<script type="module" src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/v31edd6df95cf4e85bb4c19e7a9bdbcba1788362987495" integrity="sha512-iIg7k2xntmwu6/uSb5tpc/hySgZc4eoL31yB29W6tJFo2akwjPWcEqnCEdJvGexCL0KEQwVYv5BlowfhVz26hg==" data-cf-beacon='{"version":"2024.11.0","token":"615f19e6921e4156baa9b1050a65ce6f","r":1,"spa":2}' crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
438
439</body>
440</html>
441
442<!-- plugin=object-cache-pro client=phpredis metric#hits=2886 metric#misses=9 metric#hit-ratio=99.7 metric#bytes=5178394 metric#prefetches=188 metric#store-reads=19 metric#store-writes=3 metric#store-hits=197 metric#store-misses=2 metric#sql-queries=6 metric#ms-total=329.15 metric#ms-cache=15.50 metric#ms-cache-avg=0.7381 metric#ms-cache-ratio=4.7 sample#redis-hits=12036457 sample#redis-misses=1614806 sample#redis-hit-ratio=88.2 sample#redis-ops-per-sec=26 sample#redis-evicted-keys=0 sample#redis-used-memory=118129112 sample#redis-used-memory-rss=74633216 sample#redis-memory-fragmentation-ratio=0.6 sample#redis-connected-clients=1 sample#redis-tracking-clients=0 sample#redis-rejected-connections=0 sample#redis-keys=43754 -->

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.