1<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8">
1<script> 2 (function() { 3 var stored = localStorage.getItem('theme'); 4 var prefersDark = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches; 5 var isDark = stored ? stored === 'dark' : prefersDark; 6 document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', isDark); 7 document.documentElement.style.colorScheme = isDark ? 'dark' : 'light'; 8 })(); 9 </script>
9<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0"><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="language" content="English"><meta name="allow-search" content="yes"><title>Is cancer curable? | Can cancer be cured? | GI cancers | Dr. Nikhil Agrawal</title><meta name="description" content="Our ability to cure cancer depends on several factors, including the type of cancer, stage of cancer, the overall health of the patient and treatment options which are available to the patient."><meta name="robots" content="index, follow"><meta name="author" content="Dr. Nikhil Agrawal"><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.drnikhilagrawal.com/blog/cancer-cure"><meta property="og:locale" content="en-IN"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:title" content="Is cancer curable? | Can cancer be cured? | GI cancers | Dr. Nikhil Agrawal"><meta property="og:description" content="Our ability to cure cancer depends on several factors, including the type of cancer, stage of cancer, the overall health of the patient and treatment options which are available to the patient."><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.drnikhilagrawal.com/blog/cancer-cure"><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.drnikhilagrawal.com/assets/images/cancer-cure.webp"><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"><meta property="og:image:height" content="630"><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Is cancer curable? | Can cancer be cured? | GI cancers | Dr. Nikhil Agrawal"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Dr. Nikhil Agrawal"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Is cancer curable? | Can cancer be cured? | GI cancers | Dr. Nikhil Agrawal"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Our ability to cure cancer depends on several factors, including the type of cancer, stage of cancer, the overall health of the patient and treatment options which are available to the patient."><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.drnikhilagrawal.com/assets/images/cancer-cure.webp"><meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Is cancer curable? | Can cancer be cured? | GI cancers | Dr. Nikhil Agrawal"><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://www.drnikhilagrawal.com/favicon.png"><meta name="amp-google-client-id-api" content="googleanalytics"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" crossorigin><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin><link rel="preconnect" href="https://prvgjqujwojguokikmyv.supabase.co"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Cormorant+Garamond:wght@500;600;700&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Manrope:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=optional" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Cormorant+Garamond:wght@500;600;700&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Manrope:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap"></noscript>
9<script> 10 window.addEventListener('load', function() { 11 (function(c,l,a,r,i,t,y){ 12 c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)}; 13 t=l.createElement(r);t.async=1;t.src="https://www.clarity.ms/tag/"+i; 14 y=l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0];y.parentNode.insertBefore(t,y); 15 })(window, document, "clarity", "script", "x9k7915oiw"); 16 }); 17 </script>
17<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) - deferred until page load -->
17<script> 18 window.addEventListener('load', function() { 19 var s = document.createElement('script'); 20 s.async = true; 21 s.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-29HCMJ42SQ'; 22 document.head.appendChild(s); 23
vendor: 151 bytes, lines 23-26
23window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 24 function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} 25 gtag('js', new Date()); 26 gtag('config', '
26G-29HCMJ42SQ
vendor: 10 bytes, lines 26-27
26'); 27
27}); 28 </script>
28<script type="application/ld+json">{ 29 "@context": "https://schema.org", 30 "@type": "Article", 31 "name": "Is cancer curable? | Can cancer be cured? | GI cancers | Dr. Nikhil Agrawal", 32 "mainEntityOfPage": { 33 "@type": "WebPage", 34 "@id": "https://www.drnikhilagrawal.com/blog/cancer-cure" 35 }, 36 "headline": "Is cancer curable? | Can cancer be cured? | GI cancers | Dr. Nikhil Agrawal", 37 "url": "https://www.drnikhilagrawal.com/blog/cancer-cure", 38 "image": "/assets/images/cancer-cure.webp", 39 "articleSection": [ 40 "What is cancer and how it develops", 41 "Type of cancer", 42 "stage of cancer", 43 "TNM (Tumour, Node and Metastasis) Classification", 44 "The patient's overall health", 45 "Availability of treatment options", 46 "Important aspects of cancer care" 47 ], 48 "author": { 49 "@type": "Person", 50 "url": "https://www.drnikhilagrawal.com/about-us", 51 "name": "Dr. Nikhil Agrawal" 52 }, 53 "publisher": { 54 "@type": "Person", 55 "name": "Dr. Nikhil Agrawal", 56 "logo": { 57 "@type": "ImageObject", 58 "url": "/assets/images/temp/logo.png" 59 } 60 }, 61 "datePublished": "2023-08-27", 62 "dateModified": "2023-08-27" 63}</script>
63<style> 64 html.dark body { background-color: #0a0a0a !important; } 65 html.dark .min-h-screen, 66 html.dark article, 67 html.dark [class*="bg-[linear-gradient(180deg,#ffffff"] { 68 background-color: #0a0a0a !important; 69 background-image: none !important; 70 } 71 </style><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/BaseLayout.2wlIwGaE.css"></head> <body> <style>astro-island,astro-slot,astro-static-slot{display:contents}</style>
71<script>(()=>{var l=(n,t)=>{let i=async()=>{await(await n())()},e=typeof t.value=="object"?t.value:void 0,s={timeout:e==null?void 0:e.timeout};"requestIdleCallback"in window?window.requestIdleCallback(i,s):setTimeout(i,s.timeout||200)};(self.Astro||(self.Astro={})).idle=l;window.dispatchEvent(new Event("astro:idle"));})();</script>
71<script>(()=>{var g=Object.defineProperty;var w=(c,s,d)=>s in c?g(c,s,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:d}):c[s]=d;var l=(c,s,d)=>w(c,typeof s!="symbol"?s+"":s,d);var E=new Set(["__proto__","constructor","prototype"]);{let c={0:t=>y(t),1:t=>d(t),2:t=>new RegExp(t),3:t=>new Date(t),4:t=>new Map(d(t)),5:t=>new Set(d(t)),6:t=>BigInt(t),7:t=>new URL(t),8:t=>new Uint8Array(t),9:t=>new Uint16Array(t),10:t=>new Uint32Array(t),11:t=>Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY*t},s=t=>{let[p,e]=t;return p in c?c[p](e):void 0},d=t=>t.map(s),y=t=>typeof t!="object"||t===null?t:Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(t).map(([p,e])=>[p,s(e)]));class f extends HTMLElement{constructor(){super(...arguments);l(this,"Component");l(this,"hydrator");l(this,"hydrate",async()=>{var b;if(!this.hydrator||!this.isConnected)return;let e=(b=this.parentElement)==null?void 0:b.closest("astro-island[ssr]");if(e){e.addEventListener("astro:hydrate",this.hydrate,{once:!0});return}let n=this.querySelectorAll("astro-slot"),r={},i=this.querySelectorAll("template[data-astro-template]");for(let o of i){let a=o.closest(this.tagName);a!=null&&a.isSameNode(this)&&(r[o.getAttribute("data-astro-template")||"default"]=o.innerHTML,o.remove())}for(let o of n){let a=o.closest(this.tagName);a!=null&&a.isSameNode(this)&&(r[o.getAttribute("name")||"default"]=o.innerHTML)}let u;try{u=this.hasAttribute("props")?y(JSON.parse(this.getAttribute("props"))):{}}catch(o){let a=this.getAttribute("component-url")||"<unknown>",v=this.getAttribute("component-export");throw v&&(a+=` (export ${v})`),console.error(`[hydrate] Error parsing props for component ${a}`,this.getAttribute("props"),o),o}let h;await this.hydrator(this)(this.Component,u,r,{client:this.getAttribute("client")}),this.removeAttribute("ssr"),this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("astro:hydrate"))});l(this,"unmount",()=>{this.isConnected||this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("astro:unmount"))})}disconnectedCallback(){document.removeEventListener("astro:after-swap",this.unmount),document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap",this.unmount,{once:!0})}connectedCallback(){if(!this.hasAttribute("await-children")||document.readyState==="interactive"||document.readyState==="complete")this.childrenConnectedCallback();else{let e=()=>{document.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e),n.disconnect(),this.childrenConnectedCallback()},n=new MutationObserver(()=>{var r;((r=this.lastChild)==null?void 0:r.nodeType)===Node.COMMENT_NODE&&this.lastChild.nodeValue==="astro:end"&&(this.lastChild.remove(),e())});n.observe(this,{childList:!0}),document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e)}}async childrenConnectedCallback(){let e=this.getAttribute("before-hydration-url");e&&await import(e),this.start()}getRetryImportUrl(e){let n=new URL(e,document.baseURI),r=`astro-retry=${Date.now()}`,i=n.hash.replace(/^#/,"");return n.hash=i?`${i}&${r}`:r,n.toString()}async importWithRetry(e){try{return await import(e)}catch(n){return await new Promise(r=>setTimeout(r,1e3)),import(this.getRetryImportUrl(e))}}handleHydrationError(e){let n=this.getAttribute("component-url"),r=new CustomEvent("astro:hydration-error",{cancelable:!0,bubbles:!0,composed:!0,detail:{error:e,componentUrl:n}});this.dispatchEvent(r)&&console.error(`[astro-island] Error hydrating ${n}`,e)}async start(){let e=JSON.parse(this.getAttribute("opts")),n=this.getAttribute("client");if(Astro[n]===void 0){window.addEventListener(`astro:${n}`,()=>this.start(),{once:!0});return}try{await Astro[n](async()=>{let r=this.getAttribute("renderer-url");try{let[i,{default:u}]=await Promise.all([this.importWithRetry(this.getAttribute("component-url")),r?this.importWithRetry(r):Promise.resolve({default:()=>()=>{}})]),h=this.getAttribute("component-export")||"default";if(h.includes(".")){this.Component=i;for(let m of h.split(".")){if(E.has(m)||!this.Component||typeof this.Component!="object"&&typeof this.Component!="function"||!Object.hasOwn(this.Component,m))throw new Error(`Invalid component export path: ${h}`);this.Component=this.Component[m]}}else{if(E.has(h))throw new Error(`Invalid component export path: ${h}`);this.Component=i[h]}return this.hydrator=u,this.hydrate}catch(i){return this.handleHydrationError(i),()=>{}}},e,this)}catch(r){this.handleHydrationError(r)}}attributeChangedCallback(){this.hydrate()}}l(f,"observedAttributes",["props"]),customElements.get("astro-island")||customElements.define("astro-island",f)}})();</script>
71<astro-island uid="1GMtdD" prefix="r1" component-url="/_astro/AstroApp.CXrY2V50.js" component-export="default" renderer-url="/_astro/client.yPE3ka7G.js" props="{"pathname":[0,"/blog/cancer-cure"]}" ssr client="idle" opts="{"name":"AstroApp","value":true}" await-children><!--$--><!--/$--><a href="#main-content" class="sr-only focus:not-sr-only focus:fixed focus:top-4 focus:left-4 focus:z-[100] focus:rounded focus:bg-[var(--color-navy)] focus:px-4 focus:py-2 focus:text-white focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-[var(--color-gold)]">Skip to main content</a><!--$--><div class="relative z-50 selection:bg-slate-300 selection:text-slate-900 will-change-opacity opacity-100"><div class="relative z-10"><!--$?--><template id="r1B:0"></template><!--/$--><main id="main-content"><article class="bg-[linear-gradient(180deg,#ffffff_0%,#f8fbff_18%,#f4f8fd_52%,#ffffff_100%)] pt-16 sm:pt-28 pb-12 sm:pb-16"> <div class="mx-auto max-w-[820px] px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8"> <div style="opacity:1;transform:none"> <nav class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-1 font-article text-xs text-[var(--color-muted)] mb-4"><a class="hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] transition-colors" href="/" data-discover="true">Home</a><span class="flex items-center gap-1 last:break-inside-avoid"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-right h-2.5 w-2.5" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m9 18 6-6-6-6"></path></svg><a class="hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] transition-colors" href="/blog" data-discover="true">Blog</a></span><span class="flex items-center gap-1 last:break-inside-avoid"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-right h-2.5 w-2.5" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m9 18 6-6-6-6"></path></svg><span class="text-[var(--color-navy)] font-medium">Is Cancer Curable?</span></span></nav> <h1 class="font-heading text-[2.75rem] leading-[1.08] tracking-[-0.02em] text-[var(--color-navy)] mb-6 sm:text-[3.25rem]"> Is Cancer Curable? </h1> <img src="/assets/images/cancer-cure.webp" alt="Is Cancer Curable" fetchPriority="high" decoding="async" class="w-full h-auto object-contain mt-0 mb-6"/> <div class="relative flex items-center gap-3 px-4 py-3 bg-slate-50 rounded-xl border border-slate-200 my-6"><img src="/assets/images/dr-nikhil-agrawal-author.jpg" alt="Dr. Nikhil Agrawal" width="96" height="96" class="h-16 w-16 sm:h-24 sm:w-24 rounded-xl object-cover shrink-0 max-w-16 sm:max-w-24 aspect-square ring-2 ring-slate-200"/><a href="#author" class="flex-1 min-w-0 no-underline pr-20 sm:pr-0"><span class="font-heading text-sm sm:text-base font-semibold text-[var(--color-navy)] block leading-tight">Dr. Nikhil Agrawal</span><span class="text-[10px] sm:text-xs text-[var(--color-muted)] block mt-0.5">Lead GI-HPB Surgical Oncologist,<br class="hidden sm:block"/> Apollo Hospitals</span></a><a href="/contact" class="absolute right-4 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 sm:static sm:translate-y-0 shrink-0"><img src="/hd.webp" alt="Contact" width="64" height="64" class="h-16 w-16 sm:h-24 sm:w-24 aspect-square rounded-xl object-contain"/></a></div> <nav class="bg-[var(--color-offwhite)] rounded-2xl p-6 mb-8"><button class="flex w-full items-center justify-between text-left font-heading font-semibold text-[var(--color-navy)] text-xs sm:text-sm uppercase tracking-wider sm:tracking-wider whitespace-nowrap">Table of Contents<svg class="h-4 w-4 transition-transform duration-300 " viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button><div class="grid transition-all duration-300 grid-rows-[0fr]"><div class="overflow-hidden"><div class="space-y-2.5 pt-4" aria-hidden="true"><div class="h-[14px] bg-slate-200/50 rounded" style="width:75%"></div><div class="h-[14px] bg-slate-200/50 rounded" style="width:85%"></div>
71<div class="h-[14px] bg-slate-200/50 rounded" style="width:65%"></div><div class="h-[14px] bg-slate-200/50 rounded" style="width:80%"></div><div class="h-[14px] bg-slate-200/50 rounded" style="width:70%"></div><div class="h-[14px] bg-slate-200/50 rounded" style="width:90%"></div><div class="h-[14px] bg-slate-200/50 rounded" style="width:60%"></div><div class="h-[14px] bg-slate-200/50 rounded" style="width:75%"></div></div></div></div></nav> <section class="mb-8"> <div class="space-y-4"> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> As a gastrointestinal oncologist, people often ask me about the possibility of a cure for cancer. A diagnosis of cancer is overwhelming, and patients and their families often hope for a cure. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Cancer affects millions of people worldwide, including India. It involves uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells which grows and then spreads. Cancer is not a single disease. It is a collection of many diseases with a similar underlying mechanism. There are many types of cancer; each behaves differently and is treated differently. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> "Our ability to cure cancer depends on several factors, including the type of cancer, stage of cancer, the overall health of the patient and treatment options which are available to the patient." </p> <div class="mb-0"><div class="flex items-center gap-3 mb-1.5"><span class="text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-[0.2em] text-[var(--color-teal)]">Cancer types</span></div><h2 class="font-heading text-[2rem] leading-[1.15] tracking-[-0.02em] text-[var(--color-navy)] sm:text-[2.25rem]">Type of cancer</h2></div> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Let's focus on <a href="/assets/images/gastrointestinal-system.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="text-[var(--color-accent)] hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] underline underline-offset-2 transition-colors">gastrointestinal</a> (GI) cancers. Organs of the gastrointestinal or digestive system include the oesophagus (food pipe), <a class="text-[var(--color-accent)] hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] underline underline-offset-2 transition-colors" href="/stomach-cancer" data-discover="true">stomach</a>, small intestine, large intestine (<a class="text-[var(--color-accent)] hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] underline underline-offset-2 transition-colors" href="/colon_rectum" data-discover="true">colon and rectum</a>), appendix, <a class="text-[var(--color-accent)] hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] underline underline-offset-2 transition-colors" href="/gallbladder_cancer" data-discover="true">gallbladder</a>, <a class="text-[var(--color-accent)] hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] underline underline-offset-2 transition-colors" href="/bile-duct-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma" data-discover="true">bile duct</a>, <a class="text-[var(--color-accent)] hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] underline underline-offset-2 transition-colors" href="/pancreas" data-discover="true">pancreas</a> and <a class="text-[var(--color-accent)] hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] underline underline-offset-2 transition-colors" href="/liver_cancer" data-discover="true">liver</a>. Cancer can afflict any of these organs. Gastrointestinal cancer includes cancers of the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach, colon and rectum (large intestine), gallbladder, bile duct, pancreas, and liver. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> When viewed under the microscope, we can see that these cancers can be of various types. The types are adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, <a class="text-[var(--color-accent)] hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] underline underline-offset-2 transition-colors" href="/neuroendocrine" data-discover="true">neuroendocrine tumour</a> and <a class="text-[var(--color-accent)] hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] underline underline-offset-2 transition-colors" href="/gist" data-discover="true">gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)</a>. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Cancer cells are also graded depending on their resemblance to normal cells. The more abnormal the cell, the higher the grade and the faster it is likely to grow and spread. </p> <a href="/assets/images/five-year-survival-rates-by-cancer-type.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="my-8 block"> <img src="/assets/images/five-year-survival-rates-by-cancer-type.jpg" alt="Five year survival rates by cancer type" class="w-full rounded-xl"/> </a> <p class="mt-2 text-sm text-[var(--color-muted)] text-center">
71 Max Roser and Hannah Ritchie (2015) - "Cancer". Published online at OurWorldInData.org. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> The aggressiveness of cancer depends on its organ of origin. Some cancers are more aggressive and fast-growing, while others are slow growing and slower to spread. For example, the five-year survival rate for breast cancer is over 90%, while the five-year survival rate for <a class="text-[var(--color-accent)] hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] underline underline-offset-2 transition-colors" href="/pancreas" data-discover="true">pancreatic cancer</a> is only about 10%. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Even when the cancer originates from the same organ, there are variations. We call it "biology". </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> When <a class="text-[var(--color-accent)] hover:text-[var(--color-navy)] underline underline-offset-2 transition-colors" href="/colon" data-discover="true">colon cancer</a> is detected at an early stage, while it is still localised to the colon, the 5-year survival rate exceeds 90%. This implies that approximately 10% of patients may have a more aggressive form of cancer. Science has deciphered some reasons for these variations by looking at the genetic makeup of these cancers. </p> <div class="mb-0"><div class="flex items-center gap-3 mb-1.5"><span class="text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-[0.2em] text-[var(--color-teal)]">Staging</span></div><h2 class="font-heading text-[2rem] leading-[1.15] tracking-[-0.02em] text-[var(--color-navy)] sm:text-[2.25rem]">Stage of cancer</h2></div> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> The outcome of treatment of cancer not only depends on the type but also the stage of the disease. We broadly classify cancers into four stages. However, we should understand that it is more like a continuum rather than watertight categories. If we bucket 1 to 100 in four categories, the fourth will contain numbers 75 to 100 and 75 is very different compared to 100. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> The stage of a cancer is determined by doing tests and scans like CT, MRI, or PET-CT scans. This work-up will help us assign a stage to the tumour, broadly classifying them into: </p> <ul class="space-y-2"> <li class="grid grid-cols-[0.375rem_1fr] gap-2 font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.65] text-[var(--color-body)]"><span class="mt-[0.66em] h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full bg-[var(--color-teal)]"></span><span><strong>Localised</strong> - Tumour is limited to the organ in which it started.</span></li> <li class="grid grid-cols-[0.375rem_1fr] gap-2 font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.65] text-[var(--color-body)]"><span class="mt-[0.66em] h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full bg-[var(--color-teal)]"></span><span><strong>Regional spread</strong> - The tumour has spread to nearby lymph nodes and/or has come out of the wall of the organ in which it started.</span></li> <li class="grid grid-cols-[0.375rem_1fr] gap-2 font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.65] text-[var(--color-body)]"><span class="mt-[0.66em] h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full bg-[var(--color-teal)]"></span><span><strong>Distant spread</strong> - The tumour has spread to organs, which are away from the organ of origin of the tumour, called metastasis.</span></li> </ul> <h3 class="font-heading text-[1.55rem] leading-[1.25] tracking-[-0.01em] text-[var(--color-navy)] mb-2">TNM (Tumour, Node and Metastasis) Classification</h3> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), it is used for classification of the stage. It is based on the following three key elements and spans from I to IV. </p> <ul class="space-y-2"> <li class="grid grid-cols-[0.375rem_1fr] gap-2 font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.65] text-[var(--color-body)]"><span class="mt-[0.66em] h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full bg-[var(--color-teal)]"></span><span><strong>The extent (size) of the tumour (T):</strong> How far has the cancer grown? Has cancer reached nearby structures or organs?</span></li> <li class="grid grid-cols-[0.375rem_1fr] gap-2 font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.65] text-[var(--color-body)]"><span class="mt-[0.66em] h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full bg-[var(--color-teal)]"></span><span><strong>The spread to nearby lymph nodes (N):</strong> Has cancer spread to nearby lymph nodes? And how many?</span></li> <li class="grid grid-cols-[0.375rem_1fr] gap-2 font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.65] text-[var(--color-body)]"><span class="mt-[0.66em] h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full bg-[var(--color-teal)]"></span><span><strong>The spread (metastasis) to distant sites (M):</strong> Has cancer spread to distant lymph nodes or distant organs such as the liver or lungs?</span></li> </ul> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Numbers and letters after T, N and M give further details. The higher the number, the more advanced the tumour. Combined Information from T, N and M assigns an overall stage, a process called stage grouping. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Stages I to III are localised diseases and stage IV is advanced cancer (metastatic disease). </p> <a href="/assets/images/colorectal-survival-stage.png" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="my-8 block"> <img src="/assets/images/colorectal-survival-stage.png" alt="Colorectal cancer survival by stage" class="w-full rounded-xl"/> </a> <p class="mt-2 text-sm text-[var(--color-muted)] text-center"> Colorectal cancer, 5-year age-standardised net survival for all stages </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Chances of recovery from cancer (prognosis) depend on the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. The lower the stage, the better the long-term prognosis. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Early diagnosis is very important. If cancer Is detected early and treated appropriately the chances of cure are higher. While cancers which have spread to other parts of the body are difficult to treat and five-year survival in such cases is lower. </p> <div class="mb-0"><div class="flex items-center gap-3 mb-1.5"><span class="text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-[0.2em] text-[var(--color-teal)]">Patient factors</span></div><h2 class="font-heading text-[2rem] leading-[1.15] tracking-[-0.02em] text-[var(--color-navy)] sm:text-[2.25rem]">The patient's overall health</h2></div> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> The patient's overall health such as their age, fitness, and presence of other concomitant diseases also affect the outlook for a patient with cancer. It also affects how we treat these patients. If treatment of cancer requires surgery or aggressive chemotherapy, we cannot deliver it to an already fragile patient. </p> <div class="mb-0"><div class="flex items-center gap-3 mb-1.5"><span class="text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-[0.2em] text-[var(--color-teal)]">Access to care</span></div><h2 class="font-heading text-[2rem] leading-[1.15] tracking-[-0.02em] text-[var(--color-navy)] sm:text-[2.25rem]">Availability of treatment options</h2></div> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> India is a vast country with wide geographic and socioeconomic variations. Depending on the cost, availability of nearby cancer
71centres and expertise, the availability of treatment options varies across the country. Better affordability and availability will affect the outcomes. </p> <div class="mb-0"><div class="flex items-center gap-3 mb-1.5"><span class="text-[11px] font-semibold uppercase tracking-[0.2em] text-[var(--color-teal)]">Care approach</span></div><h2 class="font-heading text-[2rem] leading-[1.15] tracking-[-0.02em] text-[var(--color-navy)] sm:text-[2.25rem]">Important aspects of cancer care</h2></div> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> The cure is not the only goal in the treatment of cancer. While some types of cancer can be cured, others may not be curable when detected at an advanced or metastatic stage but can be managed for a long time with ongoing treatment. For these patients treatments can help to control the cancer and extend life. Besides, advanced-stage patients also require control of symptoms and preservation of quality of life. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Cancer can have a significant impact on the lives of patients and their families. Besides physical symptoms and side effects from treatment, cancer can also cause emotional and psychological distress. Patients need to have access to supportive care services such as counselling, support groups, and palliative care. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> It's important to understand that every person and every cancer is unique, and the best course of action will depend on the individual circumstances. Some patients may be eligible for clinical trials or experimental treatments that may offer a better chance of cure or control of the disease. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> The most important thing you can do if you have been diagnosed with cancer is to seek the best medical care possible. This means working with a team of healthcare professionals, including a cancer surgeon, to develop a personalised treatment plan that considers your specific needs and goals. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Modern treatment of cancer, though not perfect, is effective. The five-year survival rate for all cancers combined is now over 60%. This means that over 6 out of 10 people diagnosed with cancer will be alive five years after their diagnosis. </p> <p class="font-article text-[1.05rem] leading-[1.72] text-[var(--color-body)] mb-0 max-w-[65ch]"> Prevention is an important aspect of cancer control. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, and getting regular exercise, can help reduce the risk of developing cancer. Cancer screening tests can detect cancer early when it is often more treatable. </p> <div data-toc-exclude="true" class="mt-12 text-center"><h3 class="text-lg font-semibold text-[var(--color-navy)] italic">Detect Early, Treat Right, Save Lives!</h3></div> </div> </section> <div id="author" data-toc-exclude="true" class="mt-8 rounded-[24px] p-8" style="border:1px solid var(--color-line);background-color:var(--color-surface)"><div class="flex flex-col items-start gap-6 sm:flex-row sm:items-start"><img src="/assets/images/profile-small.webp" alt="Dr. Nikhil Agrawal" width="96" height="96" class="h-24 w-24 rounded-xl object-cover shrink-0 max-w-24 aspect-square ring-2" style="--tw-ring-color:var(--color-line)"/><div><h2 class="mb-4 font-heading text-xl text-[var(--color-navy)]">About Author</h2><h3 class="font-heading text-lg text-[var(--color-navy)]">Dr. Nikhil Agrawal<br/>MS, MCh</h3><p class="mt-3 text-sm leading-relaxed font-article text-[var(--color-body)]">Dr. Nikhil Agrawal is a leading GI-HPB Surgical Oncologist with 20+ years of experience in complex cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and bile ducts. He leads the GI-HPB Oncology Program at Apollo Hospitals, Delhi and Gurugram, with expertise in advanced robotic and laparoscopic cancer surgery.<br/><br/>His practice focuses on evidence-based, multidisciplinary care with an emphasis on individualized treatment and long-term outcomes.<br/><br/>He trained at BHU, SGPGI Lucknow, AIIMS New Delhi, and SNUBH, South Korea, and is a robotic surgery proctor who trains surgeons in advanced GI-HPB cancer surgery. He is also regularly invited as faculty at national and international scientific meetings.<br/><br/>This website helps patients and families understand GI and HPB diseases and cancers, treatment options, and what to expect during recovery and long-term care.</p><a class="mt-4 inline-flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg bg-[var(--color-navy)] px-5 py-2.5 text-sm font-semibold text-white transition-all hover:-translate-y-0.5 hover:bg-[#203244]" href="/about-us" data-discover="true">Know More</a></div></div></div> <div class="mt-16" data-toc-exclude="true"><h3 class="mb-8 font-heading text-2xl text-[var(--color-navy)]">Related Blogs</h3><div class="grid gap-6 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3"><article class="group interactive-card rounded-[24px] border border-[var(--color-line)] bg-[var(--color-surface)] overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 hover:border-[var(--color-navy)]/20 hover:shadow-lg" style="opacity:1;transform:none"><a class="block" href="/blog/why-did-i-get-cancer" data-discover="true"><div class="aspect-video w-full overflow-hidden bg-slate-100"><img src="/assets/images/why-did-i-get-cancer.jpg" alt="IS ANYONE SAFE FROM CANCER?" class="h-full w-full object-contain transition-transform duration-300 group-hover:scale-105"/></div><div class="p-5"><div class="mb-3"><span class="inline-block rounded-full bg-[var(--color-navy)]/5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--color-navy)]">Cancer Awareness</span></div><h4 class="font-heading text-base text-[var(--color-navy)] transition-colors group-hover:text-[var(--color-gold)] line-clamp-2"><span class="">IS ANYONE SAFE FROM CANCER?</span></h4><p class="mt-2 text-sm leading-relaxed text-[var(--color-body)] line-clamp-2"><span class="">We've been told if we don't smoke, don't drink, maintain a healthy weight, use sunscreen and eat right, we will not get cancer. Well, unfortunately, none of us is safe from cancer.</sp
71an></p><div class="mt-4 flex items-center justify-end"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4 text-[var(--color-navy)] transition-transform group-hover:translate-x-1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></div></div></a></article><article class="group interactive-card rounded-[24px] border border-[var(--color-line)] bg-[var(--color-surface)] overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 hover:border-[var(--color-navy)]/20 hover:shadow-lg" style="opacity:1;transform:none"><a class="block" href="/blog/cancer_increasing" data-discover="true"><div class="aspect-video w-full overflow-hidden bg-slate-100"><img src="/assets/images/blog/cancer-increasing.jpg" alt="Cancer rates increasing? - Read this!" class="h-full w-full object-contain transition-transform duration-300 group-hover:scale-105"/></div><div class="p-5"><div class="mb-3"><span class="inline-block rounded-full bg-[var(--color-navy)]/5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--color-navy)]">Cancer Awareness</span></div><h4 class="font-heading text-base text-[var(--color-navy)] transition-colors group-hover:text-[var(--color-gold)] line-clamp-2"><span class="">Cancer rates increasing? - Read this!</span></h4><p class="mt-2 text-sm leading-relaxed text-[var(--color-body)] line-clamp-2"><span class="">People often remark in OPD, seminars and conversations that cancer is increasing. They are seeing more people getting cancer.</span></p><div class="mt-4 flex items-center justify-end"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4 text-[var(--color-navy)] transition-transform group-hover:translate-x-1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></div></div></a></article><article class="group interactive-card rounded-[24px] border border-[var(--color-line)] bg-[var(--color-surface)] overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 hover:border-[var(--color-navy)]/20 hover:shadow-lg" style="opacity:1;transform:none"><a class="block" href="/blog/jaundice-cancer" data-discover="true"><div class="aspect-video w-full overflow-hidden bg-slate-100"><img src="/assets/images/bile-duct-anatomy-cancer-cholangiocarcinoma.png" alt="Can Jaundice be a Sign of Cancer?" class="h-full w-full object-contain transition-transform duration-300 group-hover:scale-105"/></div><div class="p-5"><div class="mb-3"><span class="inline-block rounded-full bg-[var(--color-navy)]/5 px-3 py-1 text-xs font-medium text-[var(--color-navy)]">Cancer Awareness</span></div><h4 class="font-heading text-base text-[var(--color-navy)] transition-colors group-hover:text-[var(--color-gold)] line-clamp-2"><span class=""><a class="text-cyan-700 underline hover:text-cyan-600 transition-colors" href="/carcinoma_pancreas" data-discover="true">Can Jaundice be a Sign of Cancer?</a></span></h4><p class="mt-2 text-sm leading-relaxed text-[var(--color-body)] line-clamp-2"><span class=""><a class="text-cyan-700 underline hover:text-cyan-600 transition-colors" href="/carcinoma_pancreas" data-discover="true">Jaundice is the yellowing of eyes, skin and urine. Many cases of jaundice are caused by cancer. Learn about the link between jaundice and cancer.</a></span></p><div class="mt-4 flex items-center justify-end"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4 text-[var(--color-navy)] transition-transform group-hover:translate-x-1" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></div></div></a></article></div></div> </div> </div> </article></main></div></div><!--/$--><!--$--><footer class="footer"><div class="footer-inner"><div class="relative z-10"><div class="flex flex-col gap-6"><div class="footer-brand"><div class="footer-brand-row"><div><span class="footer-brand-name">DR. NIKHIL AGRAWAL</span>
71<p class="footer-brand-role">Lead GI-HPB Surgical Oncologist<br/>Apollo Hospitals, Delhi & Gurugram</p></div><div><p class="footer-social-label">FOLLOW US</p><div class="footer-social"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/dragrawalnikhil/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer-social-link" aria-label="Visit Dr. Nikhil Agrawal's Facebook page"><svg class="w-4 h-4" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.637H7.079v-3.469h3.124V9.328c0-3.098 1.894-4.788 4.687-4.788 1.325 0 2.463.099 2.795.143v3.24h-1.918c-1.504 0-1.795.715-1.795 1.763v2.313h3.584l-.709 3.469h-2.875v8.59C20.006 22.992 24 18.055 24 12.073z"></path></svg></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyKeQKd3GdvYnf-9vOimqeQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer-social-link" aria-label="Subscribe to Dr. Nikhil Agrawal's YouTube channel"><svg class="w-4 h-4" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M23.498 6.186a3.016 3.016 0 0 0-2.122-2.136C19.505 3.545 12 3.545 12 3.545s-7.505 0-9.377.505A3.017 3.017 0 0 0 .462 6.186C0 8.066 0 12 0 12s0 3.934.462 5.814a3.016 3.016 0 0 0 2.122 2.136c1.871.505 9.376.505 9.376.505s7.505 0 9.377-.505a3.015 3.015 0 0 0 2.122-2.136C24 15.934 24 12 24 12s0-3.934-.462-5.814zM9.545 15.568V8.432L15.818 12l-6.273 3.568z"></path></svg></a><a href="https://x.com/dragrawalnikhil" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer-social-link" aria-label="Follow Dr. Nikhil Agrawal on X (Twitter)"><svg class="w-4 h-4" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/drnikhilagrawal" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer-social-link" aria-label="Connect with Dr. Nikhil Agrawal on LinkedIn"><svg class="w-4 h-4" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.447 20.452h-3.668v-5.571c0-1.361-.271-2.538-1.78-2.538-1.475 0-2.17 1.058-2.17 2.437v3.672h-3.669V9.624h3.488v1.561h.049c.515-.977 1.764-2.006 3.628-2.006 3.875 0 4.592 2.472 4.592 5.678v4.264zM5.337 7.433c-1.144 0-2.063-.926-2.063-2.065 0-1.138.92-2.063 2.063-2.063 1.14 0 2.064.925 2.064 2.063 0 1.139-.925 2.065-2.064 2.065zm1.104 13.413H1.548V9.624h4.893v11.222zM22.225 0H1.771C.792 0 0 .774 0 1.729v20.542C0 23.227.792 24 1.771 24h20.451C23.2 24 24 23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0h.003z"></path></svg></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/dr.nikhilagrawal/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer-social-link" aria-label="Follow Dr. Nikhil Agrawal on Instagram"><svg class="w-4 h-4" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 2.163c3.204 0 3.584.012 4.85.07 3.252.148 4.771 1.691 4.919 4.919.058 1.265.069 1.645.069 4.849 0 3.205-.012 3.584-.069 4.849-.149 3.225-1.664 4.771-4.919 4.919-1.266.058-1.644.07-4.85.07-3.204 0-3.584-.012-4.849-.07-3.26-.149-4.771-1.699-4.919-4.92-.058-1.265-.07-1.644-.07-4.849 0-3.204.013-3.583.07-4.849.149-3.227 1.664-4.771 4.919-4.919 1.266-.057 1.645-.069 4.849-.069zm0-2.163c-3.259 0-3.667.014-4.947.072-4.358.2-6.78 2.618-6.98 6.98-.059 1.281-.073 1.689-.073 4.948 0 3.259.014 3.668.072 4.948.2 4.358 2.618 6.78 6.98 6.98 1.281.058 1.689.072 4.948.072 3.259 0 3.668-.014 4.948-.072 4.354-.2 6.782-2.618 6.979-6.98.059-1.28.073-1.689.073-4.948 0-3.259-.014-3.667-.072-4.947-.196-4.354-2.617-6.78-6.979-6.98-1.281-.059-1.69-.073-4.949-.073zm0 5.838c-3.403 0-6.162 2.759-6.162 6.162s2.759 6.163 6.162 6.163 6.162-2.759 6.162-6.163c0-3.403-2.759-6.162-6.162-6.162zm0 10.162c-2.209 0-4-1.79-4-4 0-2.209 1.791-4 4-4s4 1.791 4 4c0 2.21-1.791 4-4 4zm6.406-11.845c-.796 0-1.441.645-1.441 1.44s.645 1.44 1.441 1.44c.795 0 1.439-.645 1.439-1.44s-.644-1.44-1.439-1.44z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="footer-grid"><div class="footer-contact"><p class="footer-contact-label">CONTACT</p><div class="footer-contact-actions"><a href="tel:9625518700" class="footer-contact-action" aria-label="Call Dr. Nikhil Agrawal at 9625518700"><svg class="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-[var(--color-accent)]" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
71<path d="M13.832 16.568a1 1 0 0 0 1.213-.303l.355-.465A2 2 0 0 1 17 15h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v3a2 2 0 0 1-2 2A18 18 0 0 1 2 4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v3a2 2 0 0 1-.8 1.6l-.468.351a1 1 0 0 0-.292 1.233 14 14 0 0 0 6.392 6.384"></path></svg><span class="footer-contact-action-label">Call</span></a><a href="mailto:[email protected]" class="footer-contact-action" aria-label="Email Dr. Nikhil Agrawal at [email protected]"><svg class="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-[var(--color-accent)]" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="CurrentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="m22 7-8.991 5.727a2 2 0 0 1-2.009 0L2 7"></path><rect x="2" y="4" width="20" height="16" rx="2"></rect></svg><span class="footer-contact-action-label">Email</span></a><a href="https://wa.me/919625518700" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer-contact-action" aria-label="Contact Dr. Nikhil Agrawal on WhatsApp"><svg class="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-[var(--color-accent)]" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="CurrentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M2.992 16.342a2 2 0 0 1 .094 1.167l-1.065 3.29a1 1 0 0 0 1.236 1.168l3.413-.998a2 2 0 0 1 1.099.092 10 10 0 1 0-4.777-4.719"></path></svg><span class="footer-contact-action-label">WhatsApp</span></a><a href="/contact" class="footer-contact-action" aria-label="Schedule an appointment with Dr. Nikhil Agrawal"><svg class="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-[var(--color-accent)]" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="CurrentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M8 2v4"></path><path d="M16 2v4"></path><rect width="18" height="18" x="3" y="4" rx="2"></rect><path d="M3 10h18"></path></svg><span class="footer-contact-action-label">Appointment</span></a></div></div><div class="interactive-card rounded-[24px] px-5 py-5"><p class="mb-4 text-[11px] font-semibold tracking-[0.24em] text-[var(--color-muted)]">FIND US</p><div class="grid gap-3 sm:grid-cols-3"><a href="https://maps.google.com/maps?cid=13995967831156166336" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="block rounded-[18px] border border-[var(--color-line)] p-3 transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--color-panel)]"><p class="text-sm font-semibold text-[var(--color-navy)]">Apollo Indraprastha Hospital</p><p class="mt-1 text-xs leading-5 text-[var(--color-body)]">NH-19, Jasola Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi 110020</p></a><a href="https://www.google.com/maps?cid=11361961284589335666" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="block rounded-[18px] border border-[var(--color-line)] p-3 transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--color-panel)]"><p class="text-sm font-semibold text-[var(--color-navy)]">Apollo Athenaa Women's Cancer Centre</p><p class="mt-1 text-xs leading-5 text-[var(--color-body)]">Block E, Defence Colony, New Delhi, Delhi 110024</p></a><a href="https://maps.google.com/maps?cid=14653614940052480798" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="block rounded-[18px] border border-[var(--color-line)] p-3 transition-colors hover:bg-[var(--color-panel)]"><p class="text-sm font-semibold text-[var(--color-navy)]">Apollo Cradle Gurugram</p><p class="mt-1 text-xs leading-5 text-[var(--color-body)]">Plot No. 45, Sector 82, Gurugram, Haryana 122012</p></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer-bottom"><div class="footer-links"><a href="/disclaimer" class="footer-link">Medical Disclaimer</a></div><div class="footer-copyright">© <!-- -->2026<!-- --> Dr. Nikhil Agrawal. All rights reserved.</div></div></div></footer><!--/$--><button type="button" aria-label="Open AI assistant" class="fixed bottom-5 right-4 z-[90] flex items-center rounded-full text-white transition-transform sm:right-6 " tabindex="0"><div class="group relative flex items-center rounded-full bg-[var(--color-navy)] py-0.5 pl-0.5 pr-3 shadow-[0_12px_32px_rgba(17,37,61,0.5)] ring-1 ring-[var(--color-gold)]/60 transition-[box-shadow] duration-300 hover:shadow-[0_16px_40px_rgba(17,37,61,0.6)] hover:ring-[var(--color-gold)]" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="0"><span class="pointer-events-none absolute -top-10 right-0 whitespace-nowrap rounded-full border border-[var(--color-line)] bg-[var(--color-navy)] px-3 py-1.5 text-[10.5px] font-semibold text-white opacity-0 shadow-[0_8px_24px_rgba(17,37,61,0.35)] transition-opacity duration-200 group-hover:opacity-100">Ask about symptoms, surgery & appointments</span><div class="absolute inset-0 rounded-full" style="box-shadow:0 0 26px 6px rgba(91,163,230,0.5);opacity:0.5"></div><span class="absolute right-1 top-0.5 flex h-2 w-2"><span class="absolute inline-flex h-full w-full animate-ping rounded-full bg-[var(--color-gold)] opacity-70"></span><span class="relative inline-flex h-2 w-2 rounded-full bg-[var(--color-gold)]"></span></span><div class="relative flex items-center justify-center" style="width:36px;height:36px"><div class="absolute left-0 top-0" style="width:36px;height:36px;opacity:0.45"><div class="h-full w-full rounded-full" style="box-shadow:0 0 22px 4px rgba(91,163,230,0.55)"></div></div><div class="nav-orbiting absolute left-0 top-0" style="width:36px;height:36px"><svg viewBox="0 0 64 64" class="absolute inset-0 h-full w-full"><circle cx="32" cy="32" r="30" fill="none" stroke="var(--color-accent)" stroke-opacity="0.9" stroke-width="1.8" stroke-dasharray="6 8" stroke-linecap="round"></circle></svg><span class="nav-blink absolute h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full bg-[var(--color-gold)]" style="top:1.5px;left:50%;margin-left:-3px"></span></div><div class="nav-orbiting-reverse absolute left-0 top-0" style="width:36px;height:36px"><svg viewBox="0 0 64 64" class="absolute inset-0 h-full w-full"><circle cx="32" cy="32" r="26" fill="none" stroke="var(--color-accent)" stroke-opacity="0.45" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-dasharray="2 6" stroke-linecap="round"></circle></svg></div><div class="relative flex items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full bg-[var(--color-navy)] ring-1 ring-white/20" style="width:26px;height:26px"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-message-circle text-white" aria-hidden="true" style="width:16px;height:16px"><path d="M2.992 16.342a2 2 0 0 1 .094 1.167l-1.065 3.29a1 1 0 0 0 1.236 1.168l3.413-.998a2 2 0 0 1 1.099.092 10 10 0 1 0-4.777-4.719"></path></svg></div></div><div class="ml-1.5 leading-none"><span class="text-[12.5px] font-bold tracking-wide text-white">Ask a question</span></div></div></button>
71<script>requestAnimationFrame(function(){$RT=performance.now()});</script>
71<div hidden id="r1S:0"><div class="progress-bar" style="transform:scaleX(0)"></div><nav class="navbar" style="opacity:0;transform:translateY(-24px)"><div class="navbar-inner--solid"><a class="logo" href="/" data-discover="true"><div class="logo-text--solid">Dr. Nikhil Agrawal</div></a><div class="nav-links"><div class="relative"><a class="nav-link--solid" href="/" data-discover="true">Home</a></div><div class="relative"><a class="nav-link--solid" href="/about-us" data-discover="true">Profile</a></div><div class="relative"><a href="#specialties" class="nav-link--solid">We Care<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down h-3.5 w-3.5" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></a></div><div class="relative"><a class="nav-link--solid" href="/blog" data-discover="true">Blog</a></div><div class="relative"><a class="nav-link--solid" href="/hindi" data-discover="true">Hindi Articles</a></div><div class="relative"><a class="nav-link--solid" href="/medical-professionals" data-discover="true">Professionals</a></div><div class="relative"><a class="nav-link--solid" href="/contact" data-discover="true">Contact</a></div></div><div class="hidden items-center gap-2 lg:flex"><button aria-label="Switch to dark mode" class="relative flex h-9 w-9 items-center justify-center rounded-full border transition-colors duration-200" style="border-color:var(--color-line);background:var(--color-surface);color:var(--color-body)"><span class="absolute" style="transform:none"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-moon h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20.985 12.486a9 9 0 1 1-9.473-9.472c.405-.022.617.46.402.803a6 6 0 0 0 8.268 8.268c.344-.215.825-.004.803.401"></path></svg></span></button><a href="tel:9625518700" class="nav-cta--solid"><span class="nav-cta-icon--solid"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-phone h-3.5 w-3.5" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M13.832 16.568a1 1 0 0 0 1.213-.303l.355-.465A2 2 0 0 1 17 15h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v3a2 2 0 0 1-2 2A18 18 0 0 1 2 4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v3a2 2 0 0 1-.8 1.6l-.468.351a1 1 0 0 0-.292 1.233 14 14 0 0 0 6.392 6.384"></path></svg></span><span class="leading-tight">+91 96255 18700</span></a></div><div class="flex items-center gap-1 lg:hidden"><button aria-label="Switch to dark mode" class="relative flex h-9 w-9 items-center justify-center rounded-full border transition-colors duration-200" style="border-color:var(--color-line);background:var(--color-surface);color:var(--color-body)"><span class="absolute" style="transform:none"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-moon h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20.985 12.486a9 9 0 1 1-9.473-9.472c.405-.022.617.46.402.803a6 6 0 0 0 8.268 8.268c.344-.215.825-.004.803.401"></path></svg></span></button><button type="button" class="nav-toggle" aria-label="Toggle navigation"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-menu h-5 w-5 sm:h-6 sm:w-6" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M4 5h16"></path><path d="M4 12h16"></path><path d="M4 19h16"></path></svg></button></div></div></nav></div>
71<script>$RB=[];$RV=function(a){$RT=performance.now();for(var b=0;b<a.length;b+=2){var c=a[b],e=a[b+1];null!==e.parentNode&&e.parentNode.removeChild(e);var f=c.parentNode;if(f){var g=c.previousSibling,h=0;do{if(c&&8===c.nodeType){var d=c.data;if("/$"===d||"/&"===d)if(0===h)break;else h--;else"$"!==d&&"$?"!==d&&"$~"!==d&&"$!"!==d&&"&"!==d||h++}d=c.nextSibling;f.removeChild(c);c=d}while(c);for(;e.firstChild;)f.insertBefore(e.firstChild,c);g.data="$";g._reactRetry&&requestAnimationFrame(g._reactRetry)}}a.length=0}; 72$RC=function(a,b){if(b=document.getElementById(b))(a=document.getElementById(a))?(a.previousSibling.data="$~",$RB.push(a,b),2===$RB.length&&("number"!==typeof $RT?requestAnimationFrame($RV.bind(null,$RB)):(a=performance.now(),setTimeout($RV.bind(null,$RB),2300>a&&2E3<a?2300-a:$RT+300-a)))):b.parentNode.removeChild(b)};$RC("r1B:0","r1S:0")</script>
72<!--astro:end--></astro-island> </body></html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.