1"use strict";(self.webpackChunk_N_E=self.webpackChunk_N_E||[]).push([[6703],{8356:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{th:()=>c,Wr:()=>l,F2:()=>d});let i={copeConduct:{label:"COPE Code of Conduct for COPE Members",href:"https://publicationethics.org/guidance/code-conduct"},copePrinciples:{label:"COPE Core Principles",href:"https://publicationethics.org/guidance/core-principles"},copeFlowcharts:{label:"COPE flowcharts",href:"https://publicationethics.org/guidance/flowcharts"},copeRetraction:{label:"COPE retraction guidelines",href:"https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/retraction-guidelines"},copeAi:{label:"COPE position statement on authorship and AI tools",href:"https://publicationethics.org/guidance/cope-position/authorship-and-ai-tools"},copeMembers:{label:"the COPE member directory",href:"https://members.publicationethics.org/members"},transparency:{label:"Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing",href:"https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing"},icmje:{label:"ICMJE Recommendations",href:"https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/"},icmjeAuthorship:{label:"the ICMJE authorship criteria",href:"https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html"},orcid:{label:"ORCID",href:"https://orcid.org/"},crossref:{label:"Crossref",href:"https://www.crossref.org/"},ithenticate:{label:"iThenticate",href:"https://www.ithenticate.com/"},credit:{label:"CRediT (ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022)",href:"https://credit.niso.org/"},ror:{label:"ROR",href:"https://ror.org/"},doi:{label:"the DOI system",href:"https://www.doi.org/"},ccby:{label:"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",href:"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},ccbyLegal:{label:"the CC BY 4.0 legal code",href:"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.en"},boai:{label:"the Budapest Open Access Initiative",href:"https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read/"},openPolicyFinder:{label:"Jisc Open policy finder",href:"https://openpolicyfinder.jisc.ac.uk/"},wsset:{label:"Join WSSET",href:"https://wsset.org/membership/"},ukri:{label:"the UKRI open access policy",href:"https://www.ukri.org/publications/ukri-open-access-policy/uk-research-and-innovation-open-access-policy/"},nih:{label:"the NIH public access policy",href:"https://grants.nih.gov/policy-and-compliance/policy-topics/public-access/nih-public-access-policy-overview"},nihms:{label:"the NIH Manuscript Submission system",href:"https://www.nihms.nih.gov/"},horizonEurope:{label:"Horizon Europe open science",href:"https://rea.ec.europa.eu/open-science_en"},zenodo:{label:"Zenodo",href:"https://zenodo.org/"},planS:{label:"Plan S",href:"https://www.coalition-s.org/guidance-on-the-implementation-of-plan-s/"},fair:{label:"the FAIR data principles",href:"https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/"},equator:{label:"the EQUATOR Network",href:"https://www.equator-network.org/"},consort:{label:"CONSORT 2025",href:"https://www.consort-spirit.org/"},prisma:{label:"PRISMA",href:"https://www.prisma-statement.org/"},arrive:{label:"the ARRIVE guidelines",href:"https://arriveguidelines.org/"},helsinki:{label:"the Declaration of Helsinki (2024)",href:"https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki/"},top:{label:"the TOP Guidelines",href:"https://www.cos.io/initiatives/top-guidelines"},dora:{label:"DORA",href:"https://sfdora.org/"},doaj:{label:"DOAJ",href:"https://doaj.org/"},googleScholar:{label:"Google Scholar inclusion guidelines",href:"https://scholar.google.com/intl/en/scholar/inclusion.html"},issnPortal:{label:"the ISSN Portal",href:"https://portal.issn.org/"}};var n=a(22030);let r=e=>"[".concat(e.label,"](").concat(e.href,")"),s=[{slug:"open-access",branch:"rights",title:"Open access",summary:"{journalName} is fully open access. 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The full text is available on the day of publication.","There is no registration, login or account of any kind required to read.","There is no subscription, and no part of the journal sits behind one.","There is no subscription-only content in {theJournal}, so it is not a hybrid."]},{kind:"p",text:"{journalName} has published all of its content under an open licence since {foundedYear}."}]},{heading:"Third-party material",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Where an article reproduces material the authors do not own, that material is used with permission or under fair dealing, is clearly identified, and its copyright holder and licence are stated in the caption. Everything else in the article is covered by the article's own licence."}]},{heading:"Why",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Research that cannot be read cannot be used. 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The licence applies from the moment of publication and cannot be withdrawn.")},{kind:"p",text:"Under CC BY 4.0 anyone may share and adapt the work for any purpose, including commercially, provided they give appropriate credit, link to the licence, and indicate whether changes were made."},{kind:"note",text:"We do not add to, remove from or otherwise adapt the terms of the licence. The licence that applies is the one at ".concat(r(i.ccbyLegal),", in full and unaltered.")}]},{heading:"Where the licence appears",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["On the article page, named and linked to the licence deed.","In the PDF, on the first page.","In the article's metadata, deposited
1with {crossrefLink} and carried into every index that harvests it.","In the JATS XML available for every article."]}]},{heading:"Licensing of this website",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"The design, code and editorial pages of this website are the property of Caravel Press. That is separate from the articles, which belong to their authors and carry the licence above. Nothing in the site's own terms restricts the reuse of a published article."}]}]},{slug:"copyright",branch:"rights",title:"Copyright",summary:"Authors keep the copyright in their work, without restriction, and grant {journalName} the right of first publication.",satisfies:["DOAJ: copyright terms stated separately from licensing","DOAJ Seal 7: authors retain unrestricted copyright and publishing rights"],sections:[{heading:"Who owns the work",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"The authors do. Authors of articles published in {theJournal} retain full copyright and all publishing rights in their work, without restriction, and without any transfer or exclusive licence to the journal or to Caravel Press."},{kind:"p",text:"By submitting, authors grant {journalName} the right of first publication. That right is non-exclusive. It does not limit what authors may afterwards do with their own work."},{kind:"list",items:["Authors may republish their article elsewhere.","Authors may deposit any version of it in any repository, at any time. See the [repository policy]({link:repository-policy}).","Authors may reuse their own figures, tables and text in later work.","Authors are not required to seek permission from the journal for any of the above."]}]},{heading:"Copyright in this website",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Copyright in the design, code and editorial pages of caravelpress.com is held by Caravel Press. This is stated separately because it is a separate thing, and it places no restriction of any kind on the articles."},{kind:"note",text:'We do not apply "all rights reserved" to any published article, and never will. It is incompatible with open access.'}]}]},{slug:"publication-ethics",branch:"integrity",title:"Publication ethics and malpractice",summary:"What {journalName} expects of authors, reviewers and editors, and what happens when those expectations are not met.",satisfies:["Scopus minimum criterion: publicly available publication ethics and malpractice statement","WoS 14: presence of ethics statements","WoS 22: adherence to community standards","DOAJ: best practice"],sections:[{heading:"The standards we work to",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"The editorial policies of {journalName} are written to follow the ".concat(r(i.copeConduct)," and the ").concat(r(i.copePrinciples),", and the ").concat(r(i.transparency)," published jointly by COPE, DOAJ, OASPA and WAME. Where a case is not covered here, we follow the relevant ").concat(r(i.copeFlowcharts),".")},{kind:"note",text:"Caravel Press follows COPE's guidance and is not currently a member. The member directory is at ".concat(r(i.copeMembers),".")}]},{heading:"What we expect of authors",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["The work is original, is not published elsewhere, and is not under consideration elsewhere.","Every author meets the four authorship conditions set out in this policy, and everyone who meets them is listed.","Data and results are real, and are reported as they were obtained. Figures are not manipulated to change what they show.","Sources are cited, including the authors' own earlier work. Reusing your own text without citation is still undisclosed reuse.","All funding is declared, and all competing interests are declared, including those of every co-author.","Research involving people, animals or identifiable data was approved by the appropriate body before it began, and the approval is named in the article."]}]},{heading:"What we expect of reviewers",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["A manuscript under review is confidential. It is not shared, quoted, or used in the reviewer's own work.","A reviewer who has a competing interest declines the invitation and says why.","Reviews address the work, not the authors, and give reasons that an author can act on.","Manuscripts are not entered into any generative AI system. See the [generative AI policy]({link:generative-ai})."]}]},{heading:"What we expect of editors",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["Decisions are made on the scholarly merit of the work and on nothing else.","An editor with a competing interest in a submission takes no part in its handling, and the submission is reassigned.","Author identity is not visible to reviewers, and reviewer identity is not visible to authors.","Editorial independence is absolute. No commercial, institutional or personal relationship influences a decision."]}]},{heading:"Submissions from editors and board members",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Members of the editorial board may submit to the journal. 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See the [corrections and retractions policy]({link:corrections-and-retractions})."}]},{kind:"p",text:"Cases are handled following the relevant ".concat(r(i.copeFlowcharts),". The outcome is communicated to the person who raised the matter.")}]},{heading:"Authorship",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"{journalName} applies ".concat(r(i.icmjeAuthorship),". An author is someone who meets all four conditions: substantial contribution to conception, design, acquisition, analysis or interpretation; drafting or critically revising the work; approval of the final version; and agreement to be accountable for its accuracy and integrity.")},{kind:"p",text:"Contributions are recorded on the published article using ".concat(r(i.credit),", so a reader can see what each named author actually did. Contributors who do not meet all four conditions are named in the acknowledgements with their contribution described.")},{kind:"list",items:["Guest, gift and honorary authorship are not permitted.","Ghost authorship is not permitted. Anyone who wrote part of the paper is named.","The author list is fixed at submission. Any change afterwards requires written agreement from every author, including the one being added or removed, and a reason the editor accepts.","A generative AI system cannot be an author. See the [generative AI policy]({link:generative-ai})."]}]},{heading:"Competing interests",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Every submission carries a competing interests statement covering every author. Where there is nothing to declare, the article says so explicitly rather than leaving the field out. Financial and non-financial interests are both declarable: employment, consultancy, funding, patents, shareholdings, and personal or professional relationships that a reasonable reader might think could have influenced the work."}]}]},{slug:"research-integrity",branch:"integrity",title:"Research integrity",summary:"Data, reporting standards, research ethics approval, funding and preprints.",satisfies:["WoS 21: grant support details","WoS 22: adherence to community standards","DOAJ Seal 2 support: version deposit","Scopus: convincing editorial policy"],sections:[{heading:"Data availability",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Every article published in {theJournal} carries a data availability statement. Where there is no underlying data, or the data cannot be shared, the statement says so and says why."},{kind:"p",text:"Authors are strongly encouraged to deposit the data behind a paper in a recognised repository and to cite it with its own persistent identifier, following ".concat(r(i.fair),": findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. Where data cannot be released, for example because it identifies people or is held under a third-party agreement, the statement names the constraint and the route by which a reader could apply for access.")},{kind:"p",text:"Code that is necessary to reproduce a result is treated as data. {journalName} works towards ".concat(r(i.top),".")}]},{heading:"Reporting standards",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Where a recognised reporting guideline exists for the study design, authors are expected to follow it and to submit the completed checklist. 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Where an individual is identifiable in any part of the article, including an image, written consent to publication is required and must be available to the editor on request."},{kind:"p",text:"Research involving animals must have been approved by the relevant body and must be reported in accordance with ".concat(r(i.arrive),".")},{kind:"note",text:"An editor may ask to see the approval documentation at any point, before or after publication. A submission that cannot produce it will not be published."}]},{heading:"Funding",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Every article carries a funding statement naming every source of support, with grant numbers where they exist and the funder identified by its ".concat(r(i.ror)," identifier where one is available. Where the work received no specific funding, the statement says so.")},{kind:"p",text:"A funder has no role in the design of a study, in the collection, analysis or interpretation of data, in the writing of the article, or in the decision to submit it. Where a funder has had any such role, it must be described
1in the funding statement."}]},{heading:"Similarity screening",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Every submission to {theJournal} is screened with ".concat(r(i.ithenticate)," before it reaches an editor. The report is read by the editorial office rather than reduced to a threshold: a high overlap that is entirely correctly quoted and cited is not misconduct, and a low overlap concentrated in a results section can be.")},{kind:"p",text:"Where screening raises a concern, the submission is held and the corresponding author is asked to account for it before any decision is taken."}]},{heading:"Preprints",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Posting a preprint before submission is permitted and encouraged. It is not prior publication. Authors should disclose the preprint at submission and give its DOI, and should update the preprint record with a link to the published version once the article appears."}]}]},{slug:"generative-ai",branch:"integrity",title:"Generative AI",summary:"Where AI tools may and may not be used, by authors, by reviewers and by editors.",sections:[{heading:"The standards we follow",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"{journalName} follows the ".concat(r(i.copeAi)," and section II.A.4 of the ").concat(r(i.icmje),".")}]},{heading:"Authors",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["A generative AI system cannot be an author. Authorship carries accountability, and a tool cannot be accountable.","Authors may use AI tools to improve the language and readability of a manuscript. Doing so must be declared, in a statement naming the tool and describing what it was used for.","AI tools must not be used to generate or alter data, results, figures or images.","Authors remain fully responsible for the content of their paper, including anything an AI tool contributed to it, and for any citation it produced."]}]},{heading:"Reviewers and editors",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["Reviewers must not upload any part of a manuscript to a generative AI system. A manuscript under review is confidential, and uploading it is a breach of that confidence.","Editors must not use a generative AI system to reach or draft an editorial decision."]},{kind:"note",text:"This policy applies to the tools as they are today. It will be revised as the position of COPE and the ICMJE develops, and the date of the current version is shown at the foot of this page."}]}]},{slug:"corrections-and-retractions",branch:"integrity",title:"Corrections and retractions",summary:"How the published record is put right when something in it is wrong.",satisfies:["Scopus minimum criterion: malpractice statement","WoS 22: adherence to community standards","DOAJ: best practice"],sections:[{heading:"The principle",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"A published article is a permanent record. It is never quietly edited, replaced or removed. Where something in it is wrong, the correction is itself published, is linked to the article from both directions, and carries its own DOI, so that anyone who has the original also finds the correction."},{kind:"note",text:"Correcting the record is a sign that a journal is working, not that it has failed. Web of Science states that journals are not penalised for issuing retractions. We would rather publish a retraction than leave a wrong result standing."}]},{heading:"The four instruments",blocks:[{kind:"steps",items:[{title:"Correction",text:"For an error that affects a part of the article but not its conclusions. A typographical error in an equation, a mislabelled figure, a missing funder. The article is amended, the amendment is described, and the date is recorded."},{title:"Expression of concern",text:"For a serious concern that has been raised but not yet resolved, where readers should be told while an investigation proceeds. It is withdrawn or replaced by a correction or retraction once the matter is settled."},{title:"Retraction",text:"For findings that are unreliable, whether through honest error or misconduct, and for plagiarism, redundant publication, unethical research, or unauthorised use of material. The article remains available, clearly watermarked as retracted, with a retraction notice stating who retracted it and why."},{title:"Removal",text:"Used only where leaving the article available would itself cause harm or break the law, for example defamation or a serious breach of privacy. The metadata and a note remain so the citation still resolves."}]},{kind:"p",text:"Which instrument applies is decided following the ".concat(r(i.copeRetraction),".")}]},{heading:"How a correction reaches a reader",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["The notice is published as its own item with its own ".concat(r(i.doi),", and is free to read."),"The original article links to the notice, and the notice links to the original article.","The change is deposited
1with ".concat(r(i.crossref),", so every index and reference manager that reads Crossref learns of it.")]}]},{heading:"Asking for a correction",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Anyone may ask for a correction, including a reader who is not an author of the paper. Write to {editorialEmail} with the article DOI and what you believe is wrong. You will be told what has been decided and why."}]}]},{slug:"complaints-and-appeals",branch:"integrity",title:"Complaints and appeals",summary:"How to appeal a decision, and how to complain about the journal itself.",satisfies:["DOAJ: best practice","WoS 22: adherence to community standards","COPE Core Principles"],sections:[{heading:"Appealing an editorial decision",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"An author may appeal any editorial decision, including a desk rejection. Write to {editorialEmail} within 30 days of the decision, quoting the reference number, and set out specifically what in the assessment you believe is mistaken."},{kind:"p",text:"An appeal must engage with the reasons given. A restatement of the paper's importance is not an appeal. New data, a correction of a factual error in a review, or evidence that a reviewer misunderstood the method all are."},{kind:"steps",items:[{title:"Acknowledged within five working days",text:"You are told the appeal has been received and who is handling it."},{title:"Considered by someone who did not decide",text:"The appeal is assessed by an editor who took no part in the original decision. Further independent review may be sought."},{title:"Answered in writing",text:"You receive a reasoned decision. The decision of the editor-in-chief on an appeal is final, and there is one appeal per submission."}]},{kind:"note",text:"An appeal does not hold the manuscript. You are free to submit elsewhere at any point, and should tell us if you do."}]},{heading:"Complaining about the journal",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Complaints about the conduct of the journal, its staff, its editors or its processes go to the editorial office at {editorialEmail}, and are acknowledged within five working days."},{kind:"p",text:"Where a complaint concerns the editor-in-chief, or where the complainant is not satisfied with the answer, it is escalated to the publisher at {pressEmail}, which will respond independently of the journal."},{kind:"p",text:"Where a complaint cannot be resolved between us, it may be taken to ".concat(r(i.copeFlowcharts)," for guidance, or raised with the authors' or complainant's institution where that is the appropriate forum.")}]}]},{slug:"archiving-and-preservation",branch:"rights",title:"Archiving and preservation",summary:"What happens to the archive if Caravel Press stops publishing.",satisfies:["DOAJ: archiving policy","DOAJ Seal 1: continuous deposit in a recognised archive","WoS: permanence of the record"],sections:[{heading:"Where the content is kept",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"{preservationStatement}"},{kind:"p",text:"Caravel Press deposits into every long-term preservation service open to it. Each one is named here once deposits into it have begun."},{kind:"facts",rows:[{term:"Preservation services",value:"{preservationArchives}"}]}]},{heading:"What is preserved",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["The version of record of every article, as published, in PDF and in JATS XML.","The full bibliographic metadata, including the DOI, the licence, the ORCID identifiers of the authors and the complete reference list.","Every figure, table and supplementary file.","Every correction, expression of concern and retraction notice."]}]},{heading:"Identifiers outlive the site",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Every article has a DOI registered with ".concat(r(i.crossref),". A DOI is independent of this website: if the content moves, the DOI is repointed and every citation ever made continues to resolve. That is the first line of preservation and it is already in place for every article {journalName} has published.")}]},{heading:"If the journal ceases",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"If publication were to stop, the archive would remain open and free to read, the DOIs would continue to resolve, and the content would be transferred to a preservation service or another publisher able to maintain it. Nothing published would be withdrawn from public access."}]}]},{slug:"repository-policy",branch:"rights",title:"Repository and self-archiving",summary:"Authors may deposit any version of their article in any repository, at any time, with no embargo.",satisfies:["DOAJ: repository policy","DOAJ Seal 2: authors permitted to deposit all versions with
1no embargo"],sections:[{heading:"The policy",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Authors publishing in {theJournal} may deposit their work in an institutional repository, a subject repository, a preprint server, a funder repository, a personal or departmental website, or a scholarly network."},{kind:"facts",rows:[{term:"Submitted version (preprint)",value:"May be deposited at any time. No embargo."},{term:"Accepted manuscript",value:"May be deposited at any time. No embargo."},{term:"Version of record (published)",value:"May be deposited at any time. No embargo."}]},{kind:"p",text:"There is no embargo on any version, because there is nothing for an embargo to protect: the published version is already open access under {licence}."},{kind:"p",text:"We ask only that a deposited version cites the published article and gives its DOI, so that a reader who finds the copy can reach the version of record."}]},{heading:"Where this is recorded",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"This policy is registered with ".concat(r(i.openPolicyFinder),", formerly Sherpa Romeo, which is where funders and institutions check what a journal permits.")}]}]},{slug:"editorial-independence",branch:"independence",title:"Editorial independence",summary:"Who decides what {journalName} publishes, and what has no bearing on that decision.",satisfies:["WoS 22: adherence to community standards","Principles of Transparency: ownership and management","COPE Core Principles"],sections:[{heading:"Who decides",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"The editor-in-chief of {theJournal} has final responsibility for what it publishes. Caravel Press does not intervene in editorial decisions, and no commercial relationship, institutional interest or personal connection has any bearing on one."},{kind:"p",text:"{journalName} is published by Caravel Press, which owns the title, provides the platform and the production, and appoints the editor-in-chief. It does not accept, reject or amend a paper."}]},{heading:"Money and decisions",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Neither the ability to pay a charge nor the availability of a waiver has any bearing on an editorial decision. Charges are raised only after acceptance, and a waiver is settled by the editorial office, independently of the assessment of the paper."},{kind:"p",text:"No advertiser, society or institution has any part in what is published. {journalName} carries no advertising, and publication is funded by article processing charges and by Caravel Press."}]},{heading:"Where a decision could be questioned",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"An editor who has any interest in a submission takes no part in handling it, and the submission is reassigned to a different editor. Editors are assigned by the editorial office, which does not assign one to a paper they have an interest in, and reassigns where an interest appears later."},{kind:"p",text:"If you believe a decision on your paper was reached on anything other than its merits, the [complaints and appeals policy]({link:complaints-and-appeals}) sets out how to say so and who considers it."}]}]},{slug:"advertising-and-revenue",branch:"independence",title:"Advertising and revenue",summary:"Where the money comes from, and why it has no bearing on what is published.",satisfies:["DOAJ: no intrusive advertising; transparency of business model","Principles of Transparency: revenue sources and advertising"],sections:[{heading:"Revenue",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Publication is funded by article processing charges and by Caravel Press. The charge, and who is exempt from it, is set out in full on the [charges page]({link:charges})."}]},{heading:"Advertising",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"{journalName} carries no advertising of any kind. No advertisement appears on any article page, and no advertising is interleaved with content."}]},{heading:"Direct marketing",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"We do not send unsolicited invitations to submit. Where we write to a researcher directly, it is because they have published with us, reviewed for us, agreed to serve on a board, or asked us to. We do not buy mailing lists."}]},{heading:"Metrics",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"We are guided by ".concat(r(i.dora)," and do not use journal-level metrics to represent the quality of an individual article or researcher. Any metric shown on this site names the index it comes from and links to it.")}]}]},{slug:"peer-review",branch:"review",title:"Peer review",summary:"{journalName} uses double anonymous peer review. Every research article is assessed by at least two independent subject experts.",satisfies:["DOAJ: type and details of peer review stated clearly, including special issues","DOAJ: at least two independent reviewers","Scopus minimum criterion: publicly available description of the peer review process","Scopus: type of peer review","WoS 6: presence of peer review policy","WoS 19: peer review"],sections:[{heading:"The model",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"{journalName} operates **double anonymous peer review**. Reviewers are not told who the authors are, and authors are not told who the reviewers are."},{kind:"p",text:"This is not a setting that can be switched off. Author identity is held in a separate part of the system from the manuscript, and the reviewer's copy is assembled without it, so a reviewer cannot see an author's n
1ame, affiliation or funding even by accident."},{kind:"note",text:"Authors must remove identifying information from the manuscript file itself before submitting. The system cannot anonymise prose that names the authors' own institution or self-cites in the first person."}]},{heading:"What happens to a submission",blocks:[{kind:"steps",items:[{title:"1. Checks",text:"The editorial office confirms the submission is complete, in scope, and correctly anonymised, and screens it for similarity with ".concat(r(i.ithenticate),". An incomplete submission is returned rather than rejected.")},{title:"2. Editorial assessment",text:"A handling editor reads the paper and decides whether it should go to review. A paper outside the journal's scope, or clearly below the standard the journal publishes, is declined at this stage with reasons. This is a decision on scope and standard, not a shortcut around review."},{title:"3. Review",text:"At least two independent reviewers with subject expertise assess the work. Reviewers are selected by the handling editor for expertise and independence: nobody at the authors' institution, no recent collaborator, and nobody with a declared competing interest. Authors may suggest reviewers and may ask that particular people are not approached; the editor is not bound by either."},{title:"4. Decision",text:"The handling editor makes a recommendation on the reviews. The final decision rests with the editorial office and is one of: accept, minor revisions, major revisions, revise and resubmit for further review, or decline. Reviewers advise; editors decide."},{title:"5. Revision",text:"Authors receive the full text of every review and respond point by point. A revised paper normally returns to the same reviewers. There is no limit on the number of rounds, but a paper that is not converging will be declined rather than kept in circulation."}]}]},{heading:"Withdrawing a submission",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"A paper can be withdrawn at any point before it is published. Write to {editorialEmail} from the address it was submitted under and say which submission you mean. No reason has to be given."},{kind:"list",items:["Nothing is charged for a withdrawal, at any stage, including after acceptance.","The paper is taken out of the review process, and any reviewer still working on it is told it has been withdrawn.","The submission and its history stay on the editorial record. They are not public and they are not shared.","Withdrawal is what frees a paper to go elsewhere. Until it is withdrawn it is still under consideration here, and submitting it to another journal in the meantime breaks the undertaking given at submission."]},{kind:"p",text:"Once an article is published it cannot be withdrawn. The published record is permanent and the DOI goes on resolving. The only instruments after publication are correction, expression of concern and retraction, set out in the [corrections and retractions policy]({link:corrections-and-retractions})."}]},{heading:"What reviewers are asked",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Every review scores the paper from 1 to 5 on originality, methodology, significance, clarity and relevance, and requires a written comment on each. A score without a reason is a verdict with no reasoning, and the system will not accept one."},{kind:"p",text:"Reviewers also give overall comments to the authors, and may add a confidential note to the editor which the authors never see."}]},{heading:"Timings",blocks:[{kind:"facts",rows:[{term:"To respond to an invitation",value:"{reviewResponseWindow}"},{term:"To complete a review",value:"{reviewCompletionWindow}"},{term:"Submission to first decision",value:"{timeToDecision}"},{term:"Submission to publication",value:"{timeToPublish}"}]},{kind:"p",text:"Every published article carries the date it was submitted, the date it was accepted and the date it was published."},{kind:"p",text:"The last two figures above are measured rather than undertaken, and then given room. Submission to publication is the median across the papers the journal has published, recomputed every time this page is built, with a week of margin added at each of the three stages. A median is the middle of the record, so half of what the journal publishes takes longer than it, and a figure an author plans around should sit above the middle rather than
1in it. Where an article's submission and publication dates fall on the same day it was carried across from the system this one replaced, with no submission date of its own, so it is treated as unmeasured rather than as having taken no time at all: counting it as nought would drag the median below anything a paper has actually taken."},{kind:"p",text:"A journal's own page also breaks the time down by stage. Those parts are measured in the same way once the decisions behind them have been recorded here. Until a stage has enough of them it shows the editors' estimate of how the measured time divides, labelled as an estimate beside the total, and it is replaced by its own median as soon as there is one. The same week of margin is added to every stage, measured or estimated, so the parts always add up to the figure beside them."}]},{heading:"Special issues and guest-edited collections",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"A special issue is reviewed to exactly the same standard, by the same process, in the same system as any other submission. There is no separate route and no lighter touch."},{kind:"list",items:["Guest editors are appointed by the editor-in-chief and are named on the collection.","A guest editor cannot handle a paper they have authored or co-authored, and cannot see it in the system.","Final decisions on every paper in a special issue rest with the journal's own editors, not with the guest editors.","A collection is not a route for its guest editors to publish their own work at volume, and the proportion of it they author is watched as closely as it is across the journal."]}]}]},{slug:"for-reviewers",branch:"review",title:"For reviewers",summary:"What {journalName} asks of a reviewer, and what it offers in return.",sections:[{heading:"Before you accept",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["Accept only if the paper is within your expertise. Declining is more useful than a review outside your field, and it is never held against you.","Decline if you have a competing interest: a recent collaboration, a shared institution, a commercial interest, or any relationship that a reader might reasonably think could colour your judgement. Say why, so the editor can find someone else quickly.","Accept only if you can complete the review within 14 days. If you need longer, say so when you accept and we will usually agree."]}]},{heading:"While you review",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["The manuscript is confidential. Do not share it, quote it, or use it in your own work, before or after publication.","Do not enter any part of it into a generative AI system. It is not yours to upload, and doing so is a breach of confidence.","Do not attempt to identify the authors, and tell the editor if you believe you have.","Write to the authors, not about them. Say what is wrong, why it matters, and what would fix it."]}]},{heading:"How we work",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Reviewing for {journalName} takes one click from an email. There is no dashboard to learn, no account to create before you can read the paper, and n
1othing to install."},{kind:"p",text:"You are told the outcome of every paper you review, and you see the other reviews for that round once the decision is made."}]},{heading:"Recognition",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Reviewing is unpaid work that holds the literature together, and we record it. A certificate is issued for every review, in your name, the day your report reaches the editors and whatever the paper's outcome. Reviewers reach Bronze, Silver, Gold and Diamond recognition as completed reviews accumulate, and receive a certificate at each level. Every certificate carries a serial that anyone you show it to can check."},{kind:"p",text:"We publish no list of our reviewers. Your credit is the certificate itself, which is in your name and carries a serial anyone you show it to can check, and the review recorded against your ".concat(r(i.orcid)," where you have given one.")}]}]},{slug:"author-guidelines",branch:"authors",title:"Author guidelines",summary:"What to prepare, and how {journalName} needs it.",satisfies:["DOAJ: instructions for authors","Scopus minimum criterion: English titles and abstracts","WoS 9: article titles and abstracts in English","WoS 10: bibliographic information in Roman script","WoS 16: author affiliation details","WoS 21: grant support details"],sections:[{heading:"Before you write",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["Read the aims and scope. The commonest reason a paper is declined without review is that it is not about what the journal publishes.","Read the [peer review policy]({link:peer-review}), so you know what will happen and when.","Read the [publication ethics policy]({link:publication-ethics}). Submitting is a statement that you meet it."]}]},{heading:"What every submission must have",blocks:[{kind:"list",items:["**A title in English.** If the article is written in another language, an accurate English title is still required.","**An abstract in English**, of up to 300 words, that states what was done, what was found, and what it means. No references, no undefined abbreviations.","**Keywords**, between three and eight.","**Every author's full name, institution, city and country**, with the department where relevant, and an institutional identifier where the institution has one.","**CRediT contributor roles** for every author, so a reader can see who did what. ".concat(r(i.credit),"."),"**References, author names and affiliations in Roman script.** Where a source was published in another script, transliterate it and give the original in brackets.","**A funding statement**, naming every funder and grant number, or stating that the work received no specific funding.","**A competing interests statement**, or an explicit statement that there are none.","**A data availability statement.**","**Research ethics approval details** where the work involved people, animals or identifiable data."]},{kind:"p",text:"**An ".concat(r(i.orcid)," iD for every author is recommended, not required.** It is free, and it keeps this paper attached to the rest of your work whatever name you publish under.")}]},{heading:"Preparing the manuscript for anonymous review",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"{journalName} reviews anonymously, and the manuscript file is the one place the system cannot anonymise for you. Before you upload:"},{kind:"list",items:["Remove author names, affiliations and contact details from the file.","Remove identifying acknowledgements and funding details. Add them back at revision.","Refer to your own earlier work in the third person, as you would anyone else's.","Check the file's document properties, which often still carry the author's name.","Name the file for the paper, not for yourself."]}]},{heading:"Format",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Your title, abstract, keywords, authors and declarations are entered as fields when you submit, so the file is only the paper. Move it into the [Caravel Press manuscript template](".concat(n.C,"), which the submission form gives you at that step, and upload it as Word .docx. We typeset from your file, so we cannot take a PDF.")},{kind:"p",text:"Figures should be supplied at the resolution you want them published at, and tables as text rather than as pictures of text."},{kind:"p",text:"Where a recognised reporting guideline applies to your study design, follow it and attach the completed checklist. See the [research integrity policy]({link:research-integrity})."}]},{heading:"Language",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"A paper is judged on its science, not on the fluency of its English. Where the language needs work but the work is sound, we will say so and help. We do not decline papers for language alone, and we do not require you to buy an editing service."}]}]},{slug:"funder-requirements",branch:"authors",title:"Funder requirements",summary:"What a funder asks of a publication, what {journalName}
1 already does about it, and the one or two things that stay yours.",sections:[{heading:"What every funder asks for",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Every article in {theJournal} is open on the day it publishes, under a CC BY licence, with the copyright kept by you and a registered DOI. That is what open access mandates are built from, so for most funders it is the whole of it."},{kind:"p",text:"Give us the grant number and the programme in the funding statement and they travel with the article into the Crossref deposit, where a funder looking for their own output can find it."}]},{heading:"What is left to you",blocks:[{kind:"facts",rows:[{term:"UKRI",value:"Nothing further. Publishing here satisfies ".concat(r(i.ukri)," in full.")},{term:"NIH",value:"One step, and it is yours. The accepted manuscript has to be in PubMed Central without embargo, which publishing open access does not do on its own. Submit it through ".concat(r(i.nihms),"; we give you the manuscript and its metadata. See ").concat(r(i.nih),".")},{term:"Horizon Europe",value:"Two steps, both yours. Deposit a copy in a trusted repository, your institution's or ".concat(r(i.zenodo),", because publication alone is not enough under the grant agreement. And name the grant in the funding statement. See ").concat(r(i.horizonEurope),".")},{term:"Plan S",value:"Two steps, and both are ours: registration in ".concat(r(i.doaj),", and deposit with a long-term preservation programme. See ").concat(r(i.planS),", and the [archiving and preservation policy]({link:archiving-and-preservation}) for where each stands.")}]},{kind:"note",text:"Where a funder asks for something else, it is almost always a deposit, and you may always make one: any version, in any repository, with no embargo. See the [repository policy]({link:repository-policy})."}]}]},{slug:"charges",branch:"authors",title:"Charges",summary:"{chargeSummary}",satisfies:["DOAJ: author charges, all fees enumerated, waiver conditions specified","Principles of Transparency: fees"],sections:[{heading:"What is charged",blocks:[{kind:"facts",rows:[{term:"Submission fee",value:"None."},{term:"Editorial processing charge",value:"None."},{term:"Article processing charge (APC)",value:"{apcLine}"},{term:"Page charges",value:"None."},{term:"Colour charges",value:"None."},{term:"Supplementary material",value:"None."},{term:"Withdrawal after submission",value:"None."},{term:"Charge to read",value:"None. Every article is free to read."}]},{kind:"note",text:"This table lists every charge {theJournal} can make. There is no other fee, at any stage, under any circumstance."}]},{heading:"When it is charged",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"Only after a paper has been accepted. Nothing is payable to submit, and nothing is payable if a paper is declined or withdrawn."},{kind:"p",text:"The editor who accepted your paper has no visibility of whether a charge was raised, waived or paid. Ability to pay plays no part in an editorial decision."},{kind:"p",text:"Every other cost of publishing, including editorial management, peer review, production, online hosting and long-term preservation, is met by Caravel Press."}]},{heading:"Waivers",blocks:[{kind:"p",text:"{waiverLine}"},{kind:"p",text:"A paper we invited carries no charge at all. Nothing has to be claimed: the invitation is on the record from the moment the paper is submitted, and the office applies the waiver."},{kind:"steps",items:[{title:"Become a WSSET member",text:"Membership of the World Society of Sustainable Energy Technologies is open to anyone working in the field. ".concat(r(i.wsset))},{title:"Tell us when you submit",text:"The submission form asks about fee status. Tick that one of the authors is a WSSET member, and give that author's name and the email address their membership is under. Nothing has to be uploaded or emailed. The editorial office confirms the membership with WSSET."}]},{kind:"p",text:"Authors who are not WSSET members, and whose paper we did not invite, may still ask for a waiver. Write to the editorial office at the journal's own address, when you submit or at any point before acceptance, and say briefly why."},{kind:"p",text:"Every request is considered individually by the editorial office and settled before review begins. It is decided independently of the assessment of the paper, and it has no bearing on whether a paper is accepted."}]}]},{slug:"after-acceptance",branch:"authors",title:"After acceptance",summary:"What happens between acceptance and publication, and what you can do afterwards.",sections:[{heading:"Production",blocks:[{kind:"steps",items:[{title:"Copyediting",text:"Your paper is prepared for publication: structure, references, figures and tables are checked and typeset. You will be asked to confirm the front matter, the author list and the declarations."},{title:"Proof",text:"You receive a proof and approve it. Corrections at proof stage are for errors, not for new results. 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