1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<html lang="en"> 3<head> 4<meta charset="UTF-8"> 5<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 6<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> 7<link rel="pingback" href="https://kuhanchandru.com/xmlrpc.php"> 8 9<title>Kuhan Chandru – Kuhan Chandru</title> 10<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> 11<meta name="google-site-verification" content="d_aXaXFiSMjse1nwo5nbQnok1EdvKufMQcS8Chi9f0k" /> 12<meta name="msvalidate.01" content="F842818EA5EA8389B5674F6F9C52C265" /> 13 14<!-- Async WordPress.com Remote Login -->
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34} 35 36// Watch for messages back from the remote login 37window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) { 38 if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) { 39 var data = {}; 40 try { 41 data = JSON.parse( e.data ); 42 } catch( e ) { 43 wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); 44 return; 45 } 46 47 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN' ) { 48 // Clean up the login check iframe 49 wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); 50 51 var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ ); 52 var token_regex = new RegExp( /^.*|.*|.*$/ ); 53 if ( 54 token_regex.test( data.token ) 55 && id_regex.test( data.wpcomid ) 56 ) { 57 // We have everything we need to ask for a login 58 var script = document.createElement( "script" ); 59 script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); 60 script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate' 61 + '&wpcomid=' + data.wpcomid 62 + '&token=' + encodeURIComponent( data.token ) 63 + '&host=' + window.location.protocol 64 + '//' + window.location.hostname 65 + '&postid=878' 66 + '&is_singular='; 67 document.body.appendChild( script ); 68 } 69 70 return; 71 } 72 73 // Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect 74 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REDIRECT' ) { 75 window.location = 'https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=' + window.location.href; 76 return; 77 } 78 79 // Safari ITP, storage access failed, remove the request 80 if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REMOVE' ) { 81 var css_zap = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } }'; 82 var style_zap = document.createElement( 'style' ); 83 style_zap.type = 'text/css'; 84 style_zap.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css_zap ) ); 85 document.body.appendChild( style_zap ); 86 87 var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' ); 88 e.parentNode.removeChild( e ); 89 90 document.cookie = 'wordpress_com_login_access=denied; path=/; max-age=31536000'; 91 92 return; 93 } 94 95 // Safari ITP 96 if ( data.msg === 'REQUEST_ACCESS' ) { 97 console.log( 'request access: safari' ); 98 99 // Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob 100 if ( wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth !== 'safari_itp_iframe' ) { 101 return; 102 } 103 104 // If we are in a "private window" there is no ITP. 105 var private_window = false; 106 try { 107 var opendb = window.openDatabase( null, null, null, null ); 108 } catch( e ) { 109 private_window = true; 110 } 111 112 if ( private_window ) { 113 console.log( 'private window' ); 114 return; 115 } 116 117 var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' ); 118 iframe.id = 'wpcom_request_access_iframe'; 119 iframe.setAttribute( 'scrolling', 'no' ); 120 iframe.setAttribute( 'sandbox', 'allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation' ); 121 iframe.src = 'https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=request_access&origin=' + encodeURIComponent( data.origin ) + '&wpcomid=' + encodeURIComponent( data.wpcomid ); 122 123 var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } '; 124 125 var style = document.createElement( 'style' ); 126 style.type = 'text/css'; 127 style.id = 'wpcom_request_access_styles'; 128 style.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css ) ); 129 document.body.appendChild( style ); 130 131 document.body.appendChild( iframe ); 132 } 133 134 if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) { 135 wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); 136 } 137 } 138}, false ); 139 140// Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load 141// more critical resources 142window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) { 143 var iframe = document.createElement( "iframe" );
144 iframe.style.display = "none"; 145 iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" ); 146 iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); 147 iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php" 148 + "?wpcom_remote_login=key" 149 + "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9rdWhhbmNoYW5kcnUuY29t" 150 + "&wpcomid=28973942" 151 + "&time=" + Math.floor( Date.now() / 1000 ); 152 document.body.appendChild( iframe ); 153}, false ); 154</script>
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439 440<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-5' href='/_static/??-eJyNjMEKgzAQBX9IfS0NqIfipxRdF4kmm+Bm8fdLwXr2OMMwOHJNSQpLQbQ6B1u8KFYueaTtZKgJPl4IU0i0KfTwmfeGVCvcHsQ0W2AFjXsy5XA1f/H7DfH9bPtH51z/cusXroE6rg==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 441<style id="jetpack-subscriptions-inline-css"> 442#subscribe-email input { 443 width: 95%; 444} 445 446.comment-subscription-form { 447 margin-bottom: 1em; 448} 449 450.comment-subscription-form .subscribe-label { 451 display: inline !important; 452} 453 454/* 455Text meant only for screen readers. 456Provides support for themes that do not bundle this CSS yet. 457@see https://make.wordpress.org/accessibility/2015/02/09/hiding-text-for-screen-readers-with-wordpress-core/ 458***********************************/ 459.screen-reader-text { 460 border: 0; 461 clip-path: inset(50%); 462 height: 1px; 463 margin: -1px; 464 overflow: hidden; 465 padding: 0; 466 position: absolute !important; 467 width: 1px; 468 overflow-wrap: normal !important; 469} 470 471/*# sourceURL=/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/_inc/build/subscriptions/subscriptions.min.css */ 472</style> 473<link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-5' href='/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/modules/tiled-gallery/tiled-gallery/tiled-gallery.css?m=1752872378i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> 474 475</head> 476 477<body class="archive author author-nahuk82 author-28518885 custom-background wp-theme-pubcols customizer-styles-applied jetpack-reblog-enabled"> 478<div id="page" class="hfeed site"> 479 <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> 480 481 <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> 482 <div class="site-branding"> 483 <h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/" rel="home">Kuhan Chandru</a></h1> 484 <h2 class="site-description"></h2> 485 </div> 486 487 <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" role="navigation"> 488 <button class="menu-toggle">Menu</button> 489 <div class="menu-menu-1-container"><ul id="menu-menu-1" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-468"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/">Blog</a></li> 490<li id="menu-item-466" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-466"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/about/">About Kuhan</a></li> 491<li id="menu-item-467" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-467"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/my-publications/">Publications</a></li> 492</ul></div> </nav><!-- #site-navigation --> 493 </header><!-- #masthead --> 494 495 <div id="content" class="site-content"> 496 497 498 <section id="primary" class="content-area"> 499 <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> 500 501 502 <header class="page-header"> 503 <h1 class="page-title">Author: <span>Kuhan Chandru</span></h1><div class="taxonomy-description">ASTROBIOLOGIST</div> </header><!-- .page-header --> 504 505 506 507<article id="post-878" class="post-878 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-start-here tag-origin-of-life tag-origins-of-life tag-panspermia"> 508 509 510 <header class="entry-header"> 511 <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/03/17/some-of-the-most-uncommon-origins-of-life-hypotheses/" rel="bookmark">Some of the most uncommon Origins of Life hypotheses</a></h1> 512 <div class="entry-meta"> 513 <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/03/17/some-of-the-most-uncommon-origins-of-life-hypotheses/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-17T20:23:40+09:00">March 17, 2023</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-12-30T20:39:27+09:00">December 30, 2022</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://kuhanchandru.com/author/nahuk82/">Kuhan Chandru</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 514 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 515 516 <div class="entry-content"> 517 518<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This was hard to pick because it is difficult to determine which origins of life hypotheses are the most uncommon, as different theories have varying levels of acceptance within the scientific community. Here are a few examples of origins of life hypotheses that are less well-known or less widely accepted:</p> 519 520 521 522<ol class="wp-block-list"> 523<li>Panspermia: The theory of panspermia proposes that life on Earth originated from seeds of life that were transported to our planet through comets, meteorites, or other means. According to this theory, life may have originated elsewhere in the universe and was then transported to Earth, where it could thrive and evolve. <strong>There are many versions of this; you can read ours here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.23486">the journal version </a>and the <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.06732">arxiv version</a>. </strong></li> 524 525 526 527<li>Directed panspermia: The theory of directed panspermia proposes that life on Earth was intentionally seeded by an intelligent extraterrestrial civilization. This theory is considered less likely than the common panspermia, as it requires the existence of an advanced extraterrestrial civilization capable of sending life to other planets. This can still be true if we–as us humans–are the advanced extraterrestrial civilization that might someday seed life on another planet, i.e., human-directed Panspermia.</li> 528 529 530 531<li>Origin of life in ice: Some scientists have proposed that life may have originated in ice rather than
531in a liquid environment such as water. According to this theory, ice’s structural and chemical properties may have facilitated the synthesis of complex organic molecules and the emergence of life.</li> 532 533 534 535<li>Origin of life through quantum mechanics: A few scientists have proposed that the origins of life may be related to the principles of quantum mechanics, which govern the behavior of subatomic</li> 536</ol> 537 538 539 540<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/comet-asteroid-land-meteor-tail-meteorite-drop-6081796.jpeg"><img data-attachment-id="880" data-permalink="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/03/17/some-of-the-most-uncommon-origins-of-life-hypotheses/comet-asteroid-land-meteor-tail-meteorite-drop/" data-orig-file="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/comet-asteroid-land-meteor-tail-meteorite-drop-6081796.jpeg" data-orig-size="960,715" data-comments-opened="0" data-image-meta="{"credit":"https://www.maxpixel.net/photo-6081796","caption":"Comet Asteroid Land Meteor Tail Meteorite Drop","copyright":"Copyright by MaxPixel","title":"Comet Asteroid Land Meteor Tail Meteorite Drop"}" data-image-title="Comet Asteroid Land Meteor Tail Meteorite Drop" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="<p>Comet Asteroid Land Meteor Tail Meteorite Drop</p> 541" data-large-file="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/comet-asteroid-land-meteor-tail-meteorite-drop-6081796.jpeg?w=680" width="960" height="715" src="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/comet-asteroid-land-meteor-tail-meteorite-drop-6081796.jpeg?w=960" alt="" class="wp-image-880" srcset="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/comet-asteroid-land-meteor-tail-meteorite-drop-6081796.jpeg 960w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/comet-asteroid-land-meteor-tail-meteorite-drop-6081796.jpeg?w=150 150w, 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568 <span>Reddit</span> 569 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-28973942-878-6ac6045d4f83b' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20261007#blog_id=28973942&post_id=878&origin=chandrukuhan.wordpress.com&obj_id=28973942-878-6ac6045d4f83b&domain=kuhanchandru.com' data-name='like-post-frame-28973942-878-6ac6045d4f83b' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> 570 </div><!-- .entry-content --> 571 572 <footer class="entry-footer"> 573 <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/category/start-here/" rel="category tag">Start Here</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/origin-of-life/" rel="tag">origin of life</a> <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/origins-of-life/" rel="tag">origins of life</a> <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/panspermia/" rel="tag">panspermia</a></span> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> 574</article><!-- #post-## --> 575 576 577 578<article id="post-869" class="post-869 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-start-here tag-metabolism-first tag-origin-of-life tag-origins-of-life tag-rna-world"> 579 580 581 <header class="entry-header"> 582 <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/03/03/what-are-the-most-popular-origins-of-life-narratives/" rel="bookmark">What are the most popular Origins of Life narratives?</a></h1> 583 <div class="entry-meta"> 584 <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/03/03/what-are-the-most-popular-origins-of-life-narratives/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-03T20:04:19+09:00">March 3, 2023</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-12-30T20:07:26+09:00">December 30, 2022</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://kuhanchandru.com/author/nahuk82/">Kuhan Chandru</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 585 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 586 587 <div class="entry-content"> 588 589<p class="wp-block-paragraph">There are many different theories and hypotheses about the origins of life, and the specific mechanisms responsible for the emergence of life are still not fully understood. However, some origins of life hypotheses are more widely accepted or popular than others.</p> 590 591 592 593<p class="wp-block-paragraph">One of the most widely accepted hypotheses about the origins of life is the RNA world hypothesis. This theory proposes that RNA, a molecule that plays a central role in the synthesis and regulation of proteins, was the first form of genetic material and the precursor to DNA. According to this theory, RNA may have been able to replicate and evolve on its own, leading to the emergence of more complex life forms.</p> 594 595 596 597<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Another widely accepted hypothesis about the origins of life is the metabolic theory of the origin of life. This theory proposes that the first living organisms were simple metabolic
597systems that could extract energy from their environment and use it to synthesize complex organic molecules. According to this theory, the emergence of life resulted from a series of chemical reactions that occurred in the presence of energy sources such as UV radiation or lightning.</p> 598 599 600 601<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Overall, the origins of life are a complex and ongoing area of scientific research, and there are many different hypotheses about the specific mechanisms responsible for the emergence of life on Earth.</p> 602 603 604 605<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash.jpg"><img data-attachment-id="871" data-permalink="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/03/03/what-are-the-most-popular-origins-of-life-narratives/dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash/" data-orig-file="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash.jpg" data-orig-size="5464,3640" data-comments-opened="0" data-image-title="dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash.jpg?w=680" width="1024" height="682" src="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash.jpg?w=1024" alt="" class="wp-image-871" srcset="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash.jpg?w=2048 2048w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash.jpg?w=150 150w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash.jpg?w=300 300w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash.jpg?w=768 768w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/dan-meyers-rgxksc9hztu-unsplash.jpg?w=1440 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure> 606<div id="atatags-370373-6ac6045d51318"> 607
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616 617 </div><div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 618 data-shared="sharing-facebook-869" 619 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" 620 href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/03/03/what-are-the-most-popular-origins-of-life-narratives/?share=facebook" 621 target="_blank" 622 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-869" 623 > 624 <span id="sharing-facebook-869" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 625 <span>Facebook</span> 626 </a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 627 data-shared="sharing-twitter-869" 628 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" 629 href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/03/03/what-are-the-most-popular-origins-of-life-narratives/?share=twitter" 630 target="_blank" 631 aria-labelledby="sharing-twitter-869" 632 > 633 <span id="sharing-twitter-869" hidden>Share on X (Opens in new window)</span> 634 <span>X</span> 635 </a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 636 data-shared="sharing-reddit-869" 637 class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon no-text" 638 href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/03/03/what-are-the-most-popular-origins-of-life-narratives/?share=reddit" 639 target="_blank" 640 aria-labelledby="sharing-reddit-869" 641 > 642 <span id="sharing-reddit-869" hidden>Share on Reddit (Opens in new window)</span> 643 <span>Reddit</span> 644 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-28973942-869-6ac6045d51827' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20261007#blog_id=28973942&post_id=869&origin=chandrukuhan.wordpress.com&obj_id=28973942-869-6ac6045d51827&domain=kuhanchandru.com' data-name='like-post-frame-28973942-869-6ac6045d51827' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> 645 </div><!-- .entry-content --> 646 647 <footer class="entry-footer"> 648 <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/category/start-here/" rel="category tag">Start Here</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/metabolism-first/" rel="tag">metabolism first</a> <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/origin-of-life/" rel="tag">origin of life</a> <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/origins-of-life/" rel="tag">origins of life</a> <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/rna-world/" rel="tag">RNA world</a></span> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> 649</article><!-- #post-## --> 650 651 652 653<article id="post-873" class="post-873 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-start-here tag-origin-of-life tag-origins-of-life"> 654 655 656 <header class="entry-header"> 657 <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/02/17/how-to-study-the-origins-of-life/" rel="bookmark">How to study the Origins of Life?</a></h1> 658 <div class="entry-meta"> 659 <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/02/17/how-to-study-the-origins-of-life/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-02-17T20:21:17+09:00">February 17, 2023</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-12-30T20:23:19+09:00">December 30, 2022</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://kuhanchandru.com/author/nahuk82/">Kuhan Chandru</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 660 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 661 662 <div class="entry-content"> 663 664<h2 class="wp-block-heading">How do scientists study and gain new knowledge about our biological past?</h2> 665 666 667 668<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 669 670 671 672<p class="wp-block-paragraph">There are many different approaches that scientists use to study the origins of life. Here are a few examples:</p> 673 674 675 676<ol class="wp-block-list"> 677<li><strong>Experimental simulations</strong> (<em>what I do</em>): Scientists can conduct experiments to simulate the conditions that may have existed on early Earth and study the chemical reactions that may have led to the emergence of life. These experiments can be conducted in the laboratory using various techniques, such as chemical synthesis or irradiation with UV radiation.</li> 678 679 680 681<li><strong>Analysis of meteorites and comets</strong> (<em>what I like</em>): Scientists can study meteorites and comets to understand the types of chemical reactions that may have occurred in the early solar system and to search for evidence of the building blocks of life.</li> 682 683 684 685<li><strong>Astrobiological exploration</strong> (<em>what I am curious about</em>): Scientists can explore other planets and moons in our solar system and beyond to search for evidence of past or present life and understand the conditions necessary for life to emerge and evolve. For example, the recent James Webb Space Telescope. <
685/li> 686 687 688 689<li><strong>Theoretical modeling</strong> (<em>what I can’t do</em>): Scientists can use computer simulations and mathematical models to understand the conditions and processes that may have been necessary for the emergence of life on Earth and to test different hypotheses about the origins of life.</li> 690</ol> 691 692 693 694<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Overall, the study of the origins of life is a multidisciplinary field that combines elements of biology, chemistry, physics, and other scientific disciplines to understand the conditions and processes necessary for the emergence of life on Earth.</p> 695 696 697 698<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2020-12-02-15.03.12.jpg"><img data-attachment-id="876" data-permalink="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/02/17/how-to-study-the-origins-of-life/2020-12-02-15-03-12/" 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732 733 734 735<article id="post-863" class="post-863 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-start-here tag-carl-sagan tag-cosmos"> 736 737 738 <header class="entry-header"> 739 <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/02/03/carl-sagan-brief-biography/" rel="bookmark">Carl Sagan: Brief Biography</a></h1> 740 <div class="entry-meta"> 741 <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/02/03/carl-sagan-brief-biography/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-02-03T19:46:50+09:00">February 3, 2023</time><time class="updated" datetime="2023-01-07T11:47:17+09:00">January 7, 2023</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://kuhanchandru.com/author/nahuk82/">Kuhan Chandru</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 742 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 743 744 <div class="entry-content"> 745 746<h2 class="wp-block-heading">A brief history of the world’s first Astrobiologist</h2> 747 748 749 750<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Carl Sagan was an American astronomer, cosmologist, and astrobiologist. He was born in New York City in 1934 and received his undergraduate degree in physics from the University of Chicago. He later earned his Ph.D. in astrophysics from the University of California, Berkeley.</p> 751 752 753 754<p class="wp-block-paragraph">
754Sagan is best known for his work as a science popularizer and communicator. He wrote numerous books and articles on science, and he was also a frequent guest on television programs, where he discussed scientific topics in a way that was accessible to a general audience. His most famous work is probably the television series “Cosmos,” which he wrote and hosted, and which aired in 1980. The series was hugely popular and has been credited with inspiring a new generation of scientists and explorers.</p> 755 756 757 758<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Sagan’s research focused on the search for extraterrestrial life and the conditions necessary for its emergence and evolution. He was a leading astrobiology figure and significantly contributed to our understanding of the potential for life on other planets. He was also a vocal advocate for the importance of science and the need to invest in scientific research and education.</p> 759 760 761 762<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Sagan died in 1996 at 62, but his legacy as a scientist and science popularizer remains. He remains one of the most influential and well-known figures in astronomy and astrobiology.</p> 763 764 765 766<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/carl-sagan-at-mit-95a359-1024-1.jpeg"><img data-attachment-id="867" data-permalink="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/02/03/carl-sagan-brief-biography/carl-sagan-at-mit-95a359-1024-1/" data-orig-file="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/carl-sagan-at-mit-95a359-1024-1.jpeg" data-orig-size="836,1024" data-comments-opened="0" data-image-title="carl-sagan-at-mit-95a359-1024-1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/carl-sagan-at-mit-95a359-1024-1.jpeg?w=680" loading="lazy" width="836" height="1024" src="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/carl-sagan-at-mit-95a359-1024-1.jpeg?w=836" alt="" class="wp-image-867" srcset="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/carl-sagan-at-mit-95a359-1024-1.jpeg 836w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/carl-sagan-at-mit-95a359-1024-1.jpeg?w=122 122w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/carl-sagan-at-mit-95a359-1024-1.jpeg?w=245 245w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/carl-sagan-at-mit-95a359-1024-1.jpeg?w=768 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 836px) 100vw, 836px" /></a></figure> 767<div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 768 data-shared="sharing-facebook-863" 769 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" 770 href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/02/03/carl-sagan-brief-biography/?share=facebook" 771 target="_blank" 772 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-863" 773 > 774 <span id="sharing-facebook-863" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 775 <span>Facebook</span> 776 </a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 777 data-shared="sharing-twitter-863" 778 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" 779 href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/02/03/carl-sagan-brief-biography/?share=twitter" 780 target="_blank" 781 aria-labelledby="sharing-twitter-863" 782 > 783 <span id="sharing-twitter-863" hidden>Share on X (Opens in new window)</span> 784 <span>X</span> 785 </a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 786 data-shared="sharing-reddit-863" 787 class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon no-text" 788 href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/02/03/carl-sagan-brief-biography/?share=reddit" 789 target="_blank" 790 aria-labelledby="sharing-reddit-863" 791 > 792 <span id="sharing-reddit-863" hidden>Share on Reddit (Opens in new window)</span> 793 <span>Reddit</span> 794 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-28973942-863-6ac6045d55290' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20261007#blog_id=28973942&post_id=863&origin=chandrukuhan.wordpress.com&obj_id=28973942-863-6ac6045d55290&domain=kuhanchandru.com' data-name='like-post-frame-28973942-863-6ac6045d55290' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> 795 </div><!-- .entry-content --> 796 797 <footer class="entry-footer"> 798 <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/category/start-here/" rel="category tag">Start Here</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/carl-sagan/" rel="tag">carl sagan</a> <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/cosmos/" rel="tag">cosmos</a></span> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> 799</article><!-- #post-## --> 800 801 802 803<article id="post-858" class="post-858 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-start-here"> 804 805 806 <header class="entry-header"> 807 <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/01/20/famous-astrobiologist-you
807-should-know/" rel="bookmark">Famous Astrobiologist you should know.</a></h1> 808 <div class="entry-meta"> 809 <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/01/20/famous-astrobiologist-you-should-know/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-01-20T19:39:44+09:00">January 20, 2023</time><time class="updated" datetime="2023-01-09T13:04:33+09:00">January 9, 2023</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://kuhanchandru.com/author/nahuk82/">Kuhan Chandru</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 810 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 811 812 <div class="entry-content"> 813 814<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Identifying the top three astrobiologists was difficult, as many researchers have made significant contributions to the field. Here are my top three big names who have made significant contributions to the field and are widely recognized for their work:</p> 815 816 817 818<ol class="wp-block-list"> 819<li><strong>Carl Sagan</strong> was an astronomer, cosmologist, and astrobiologist known for his popular science writing and work on the search for extraterrestrial life. He was the co-author of the book “Intelligent Life in the Universe,” considered a classic in astrobiology. </li> 820 821 822 823<li><strong>Lynn Margulis</strong> was a microbiologist and evolutionary theorist. She is known for her work on the endosymbiotic theory, which proposes that the eukaryotic cell, the type of cell that makes up most “evolved” life on Earth, evolved through the integration of multiple simpler cells. For example, a tiny energy-harvesting bacteria could have entered another bacteria for protection while giving its host bacteria the ability to harness energy. Over time, this energy-harvesting bacteria became the organalle, mitocondria. </li> 824 825 826 827<li><strong>Christopher McKay</strong> is an astrobiologist who has significantly contributed to our understanding of the potential for life on other planets. He has researched Mars’s habitability and has played a leading role in the search for microbial life on the planet.</li> 828</ol> 829 830 831 832<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 833 834 835 836<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/free-nature-stock-oqfuugxsfh0-unsplash.jpg"><img src="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/free-nature-stock-oqfuugxsfh0-unsplash.jpg?w=683" alt="" class="wp-image-860" /></a></figure> 837<div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 838 data-shared="sharing-facebook-858" 839 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" 840 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class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/category/start-here/" rel="category tag">Start Here</a></span> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> 869</article><!-- #post-## --> 870 871 872 873<article id="post-850" class="post-850 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-start-here tag-astrobiology tag-humanity tag-society"> 874 875 876 <header class="entry-header"> 877 <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/01/06/how-does-astrobiology-contribute-to-humanity/" rel="bookmark">How does Astrobiology Contribute to Humanity</a></h1> 878 <div class="entry-meta"> 879 <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/01/06/how-does-astrobiology-contribute-to-humanity/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-01-06T19:16:44+09:00">January 6, 2023</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-12-30T19:39:27+09:00">December 30, 2022</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://kuhanchandru.com/author/nahuk82/">Kuhan Chandru</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 880 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 881 882 <div class="entry-content"> 883 884<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Why should you care about Astrobiology?</h2> 885 886 887 888<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ryoji-iwata-1ctofomggls-unsplash.jpg"><img data-attachment-id="852" data-permalink="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/01/06/how-does-astrobiology-contribute-to-humanity/ryoji-iwata-1ctofomggls-unsplash/" data-orig-file="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ryoji-iwata-1ctofomggls-unsplash.jpg" data-orig-size="5472,3648" data-comments-opened="0" data-image-title="ryoji-iwata-1ctofomggls-unsplash" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ryoji-iwata-1ctofomggls-unsplash.jpg?w=680" 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888w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ryoji-iwata-1ctofomggls-unsplash.jpg?w=744 744w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ryoji-iwata-1ctofomggls-unsplash.jpg?w=1488 1488w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ryoji-iwata-1ctofomggls-unsplash.jpg?w=150 150w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ryoji-iwata-1ctofomggls-unsplash.jpg?w=300 300w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ryoji-iwata-1ctofomggls-unsplash.jpg?w=768 768w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ryoji-iwata-1ctofomggls-unsplash.jpg?w=1440 1440w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px" /></a></figure> 889 890 891 892<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 893 894 895 896<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 897 898 899 900<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 901 902 903 904<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 905 906 907 908<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Astrobiology has the potential to contribute to humanity in several ways. Some of how astrobiology may contribute to society include:</p> 909 910 911 912<ol class="wp-block-list"> 913<li>Advancing our understanding of the origins and evolution of life: Astrobiology research helps deepen our understanding of the origins and evolution of life on Earth and the conditions necessary for this to occur. This knowledge can help us to better understand the processes that have shaped the evolution of life on our planet. It may also provide insights into the potential for the emergence of life elsewhere in the universe.</li> 914 915 916 917<li>Searching for life beyond Earth: Astrobiology research involves the search for signs of life on other planets and moons within our own solar system and beyond. The discovery of extraterrestrial life, whether microbial or more complex, could have significant implications for our understanding of the universe and our place within it.</li> 918 919 920 921<li>Developing new technologies: The search for life beyond Earth often requires the development of new technologies and techniques, such as advanced telescopes and spacecraft. These technologies can also have applications beyond astrobiology, potentially leading to new innovations and developments in other fields.</li> 922 923 924 925<li>Inspiring the public: Astrobiology research has the potential to inspire and engage the public, particularly younger generations, in science and exploration. The search for life beyond Earth has long captured the imagination of people around the world, and the potential for the discovery of extraterrestrial life could inspire a new generation of scientists and explorers.</li> 926</ol> 927 928 929 930<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Overall, astrobiology has the potential to contribute to humanity in many ways, from advancing our understanding of the universe and our place within it to inspiring the public and driving technological advancements.</p> 931<div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 932 data-shared="sharing-facebook-850" 933 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" 934 href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/01/06/how-does-astrobiology-contribute-to-humanity/?share=facebook" 935 target="_blank" 936 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-850" 937 > 938 <span id="sharing-facebook-850" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 939 <span>Facebook</span> 940 </a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 941 data-shared="sharing-twitter-850" 942 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" 943 href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/01/06/how-does-astrobiology-contribute-to-humanity/?share=twitter" 944 target="_blank" 945 aria-labelledby="sharing-twitter-850" 946 > 947 <span id="sharing-twitter-850" hidden>Share on X (Opens in new window)</span> 948 <span>X</span> 949 </a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 950 data-shared="sharing-reddit-850" 951 class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon no-text" 952 href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2023/01/06/how-does-astrobiology-contribute-to-humanity/?share=reddit" 953 target="_blank" 954 aria-labelledby="sharing-reddit-850" 955 > 956 <span id="sharing-reddit-850" hidden>Share on Reddit (Opens in new window)</span> 957 <span>Reddit</span> 958 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-28973942-850-6ac6045d58698' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20261007#blog_id=28973942&post_id=850&origin=chandrukuhan.wordpress.com&obj_id=28973942-850-6ac6045d58698&domain=kuhanchandru.com' data-name='like-post-frame-28973942-850-6ac6045d58698' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> 959 </div><!-- .entry-content --> 960 961 <footer class="entry-footer"> 962 <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/category/start-here/" rel="category tag">Start Here</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/astrobiology/" rel="tag">Astrobiology</a> <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/humanity/" rel="tag">humanity</a> <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/society/" rel="tag">society</a></span> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> 963</article><!-- #post-## --> 964 965 966 967<article id="post-844" class="post-844 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-start-here tag-astrobiology tag-basic"> 968 969 970 <header class="entry-header"> 971 <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2022/12/30/what-is-astrobiology/" rel="bookmark">What is Astrobiology?</a></h1> 972 <div class="entry-meta"> 973 <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2022/12/30/what-is-astrobiology/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-12-30T19:10:22+09:00">December 30, 2022</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-12-30T19:26:07+09:00">December 30, 2022</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://kuhanchandru.com/author/nahuk82/">Kuhan Chandru</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 974 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 975 976 <div class="entry-content"> 977 978<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/joel-filipe-qwonahbmllo-unsplash.jpg"><img src="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/joel-filipe-qwonahbmllo-unsplash.jpg?w=810" alt="" class="wp-image-847" /></a></figure> 979 980 981 982<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Astrobiology studies the origins, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. It is a multidisciplinary field that combines elements of astronomy, biology, chemistry, and other scientific disciplines to understand the conditions under which life arises and evolves and the potential for the existence of life beyond Earth.</p> 983 984 985 986<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Astrobiology research includes searching for habitable, habitable, or habitable life on other planets and moons within our own solar system and beyond, as well as studying the conditions on these bodies that might support life. It also involves investigating the chemical and physical processes that may have led to the emergence of life on Earth and the conditions necessary for this to occur.</p> 987 988 989 990<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Astrobiology also encompasses the study of the potential for the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence or the search for intelligent life beyond Earth. This involves the search for signs of technologically advanced civilizations, such as radio signals or other evidence of their presence.</p> 991 992 993 994<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Overall, astrobiology is a broad and rapidly-growing field that is helping to answer fundamental questions about the nature of life and the possibility of its existence elsewhere in the universe.</p> 995 996 997 998<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 999 1000 1001 1002<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p> 1003<div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-en
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1021a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 1022 data-shared="sharing-reddit-844" 1023 class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon no-text" 1024 href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2022/12/30/what-is-astrobiology/?share=reddit" 1025 target="_blank" 1026 aria-labelledby="sharing-reddit-844" 1027 > 1028 <span id="sharing-reddit-844" hidden>Share on Reddit (Opens in new window)</span> 1029 <span>Reddit</span> 1030 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-28973942-844-6ac6045d60175' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20261007#blog_id=28973942&post_id=844&origin=chandrukuhan.wordpress.com&obj_id=28973942-844-6ac6045d60175&domain=kuhanchandru.com' data-name='like-post-frame-28973942-844-6ac6045d60175' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> 1031 </div><!-- .entry-content --> 1032 1033 <footer class="entry-footer"> 1034 <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/category/start-here/" rel="category tag">Start Here</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/astrobiology/" rel="tag">Astrobiology</a> <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/tag/basic/" rel="tag">basic</a></span> </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> 1035</article><!-- #post-## --> 1036 1037 1038 1039<article id="post-828" class="post-828 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-start-here"> 1040 1041 1042 <header class="entry-header"> 1043 <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2019/07/24/prebiotic-membraneless-structure-as-a-way-towards-cellurarity/" rel="bookmark">Prebiotic Membraneless Structures as a way towards Cellurarity</a></h1> 1044 <div class="entry-meta"> 1045 <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2019/07/24/prebiotic-membraneless-structure-as-a-way-towards-cellurarity/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2019-07-24T03:15:16+09:00">July 24, 2019</time><time class="updated" datetime="2019-07-24T03:15:31+09:00">July 24, 2019</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://kuhanchandru.com/author/nahuk82/">Kuhan Chandru</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 1046 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 1047 1048 <div class="entry-content"> 1049 <p>Originally title: Droplets of these simple molecules may have helped kick-start life on Earth from <span style="color:var(--color-text);"><a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/author/carmen-drahl">Carmen Drahl</a> (Sciencenews.org) </span></p> 1050<p><img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-831" src="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/droplets-pics.jpg" alt="droplets pics" width="1030" height="580" /></p> 1051<div class="content clearfix"> 1052<p>For the origin of life on Earth, ancient puddles or coastlines may have had a major ripple effect.</p> 1053<p>A new study shows that a simple class of molecules called alpha hydroxy acids <a href="https://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1902336116" target="_blank" rel="noopener">forms microdroplets when dried and rewetted</a>, as could have taken place at the edges of water sources. These cell-sized compartments can trap RNA, and can merge and break apart â behavior that could have encouraged inanimate molecules in the primordial soup to give rise to life, researchers report July 22 in the <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>.</p> 1054<p>Besides giving clues to how life may have gotten started on the planet, the work might have additional applications in both medicine and the search for extraterrestrial life.</p> 1055<p>Present-day biology relies on cells to concentrate nutrients and protect genetic information, so many scie
1055ntists think that compartments could have been important for life to begin. But no one knows whether the first microenclosures on Earth were related to modern cells.</p> 1056<p>âThe early Earth was certainly a messy place chemically,â with nonbiological molecules such as alpha hydroxy acids potentially having roles in the emergence of life alongside biomolecules like RNA and their precursors, says biochemist Tony Jia of Tokyo Institute of Technologyâs Earth-Life Science Institute.</p> 1057<p>Jiaâs team focused on mixtures of alpha hydroxy acids, some of which are common in skin-care cosmetics. Though not as prominent as their chemical relatives amino acids, alpha hydroxy acids are plausible players in origin-of-life happenings because they frequently show up in meteorites as well as in experiments mimicking early Earth chemistry.</p> 1058<p>In 2018, a team led by geochemists Kuhan Chandru of the Earth-Life Science Institute and the National University of Malaysia at Bangi and H. James Cleaves, also of the Earth-Life Science Institute, demonstrated that, just though drying, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s42004-018-0031-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">alpha hydroxy acids form repeating chains of molecules called polymers</a>. In the new study, the pair along with Jia and their colleagues found that rewetting the polymers led to the formation of microdroplets about the same diameter as modern red blood cells or cheek cells.</p> 1059<p>Prior studies have shown that <a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/life-earth-may-have-begun-dividing-droplets">simple molecules can form droplets</a>(<i>SN: 4/15/17, p. 11</i>). The new work goes further in showing âthat possibly prebiotically relevant molecules can form droplets,â says artificial cell expert Dora Tang of the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, Germany, who wasnât involved with the work.</p> 1060<p>In the lab, the team demonstrated that the droplets could trap and host molecules essential to life as we know it, such as RNA. The researchers also observed that a protein retained its function within the droplets and that fatty acids could assemble around the droplets.</p> 1061<p>Still, those findings donât mean the microdroplets were Earthâs first cells or ancestors of them, Chandru cautions. Instead, he suggests that the droplets could have helped reactions along in emerging biochemical systems in the lead-up to the origin of life.</p> 1062<p>Though the teamâs focus is origin-of-life studies, Jia points out that these microdroplets could potentially be engineered to deliver medications. The researchers note in their study that they may apply for a patent related to the work within the next year but have not specified an application.</p> 1063<p>The new research may also hold an important lesson for <a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/will-we-know-extraterrestrial-life-when-we-see-it">the search for extraterrestrial life</a> (<i>SN: 4/30/16, p. 28</i>). âWe need to not only focus on detection of modern biomolecules and their precursors, but also other relevant nonbiomoleculesâ that, like alpha hydroxy acids, might have played supporting roles in the emergence of life, on Earth or elsewhere, Jia says.</p> 1064</div> 1065<p> </p> 1066<p>Click here for the <a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/droplets-acid-molecules-may-have-helped-kick-start-life-earth">source article</a></p> 1067<p>Click here for <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/07/16/1902336116.short?rss=1">Original paper</a></p> 1068<div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 1069 data-shared="sharing-facebook-828" 1070 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" 1071 href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2019/07/24/prebiotic-membraneless-structure-as-a-way-towards-cellurarity/?share=facebook" 1072 target="_blank" 1073 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-828" 1074 > 1075 <span id="sharing-facebook-828" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 1076 <span>Facebook</span> 1077 </a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 1078 data-shared="sharing-twitter-828" 1079 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text"
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class="entry-title"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2019/07/09/hello-again-praha/" rel="bookmark">Hello again Praha</a></h1> 1109 <div class="entry-meta"> 1110 <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2019/07/09/hello-again-praha/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2019-07-09T01:19:29+09:00">July 9, 2019</time><time class="updated" datetime="2019-07-19T15:32:00+09:00">July 19, 2019</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://kuhanchandru.com/author/nahuk82/">Kuhan Chandru</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 1111 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 1112 1113 <div class="entry-content"> 1114 <p>I’ve moved to the<a href="https://ufch.vscht.cz/people/profstaff"> Department of Physical Chemistry</a>, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague and will be working with <a href="https://janheyda.wordpress.com/">Dr. Jan Heyda’s group on prebiotic combinatory polymers. 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1156 1157 <header class="entry-header"> 1158 <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2019/06/24/the-missing-years-2016-2019/" rel="bookmark">The missing years (2016-2019)</a></h1> 1159 <div class="entry-meta"> 1160 <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://kuhanchandru.com/2019/06/24/the-missing-years-2016-2019/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2019-06-24T17:15:54+09:00">June 24, 2019</time><time class="updated" datetime="2020-08-27T04:11:55+09:00">August 27, 2020</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://kuhanchandru.com/author/nahuk82/">Kuhan Chandru</a></span></span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 1161 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 1162 1163 <div class="entry-content"> 1164 <p><img data-attachment-id="811" data-permalink="https://kuhanchandru.com/2019/06/24/the-missing-years-2016-2019/stem-school/" data-orig-file="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/stem-school.jpg" data-orig-size="763,1080" data-comments-opened="0" data-image-title="STEM school" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/stem-school.jpg?w=680" loading="lazy" class=" size-large wp-image-811 alignleft" src="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/stem-school.jpg?w=1446" alt="STEM school" width="723" height="1024" srcset="https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/stem-school.jpg?w=723 723w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/stem-school.jpg?w=106 106w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/stem-school.jpg?w=212 212w, https://kuhanchandru.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/stem-school.jpg 763w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px" /></p> 1165<p> </p> 1166<p> </p> 1167<p>Since 2016, I’ve been busy and didn’t really find the time to blog here. So here is a brief summary of what has happened thus far:</p> 1168<ul> 1169<li>Got a couple of papers published: 1170<ul> 1171<li>most notably the <a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rsta.2016.0347">messy chemistry</a> in Origins of Life (OOL) paper.</li> 1172<li>The <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s42004-018-0031-1">prebiotic combinatorial polymers</a> paper.</li> 1173</ul> 1174</li> 1175<li>Got appointed at two places: 1176<ul> 1177<li>University of Chemistry and Technology, <a href="https://www.vscht.cz/research/research-fellows">Prague as a Research Fellow</a></li> 1178<li>
1178Space Science Centre, National University of <a href="http://www.ukm.my/ipi/en/?department=felo&lang=en">Malaysia as a Research Fellow</a></li> 1179</ul> 1180</li> 1181<li>Gave a couple of Science Talks 1182<ul> 1183<li class="li1"><span class="s2"><b>Invited Talk â Faculty of Science and Technology, UKM </b></span><span class="s3">Bangi, Malaysia (March 2019)- âMother of all questions- Origins of Lifeâ</span></li> 1184<li class="li1"><span class="s2"><b>Invited Talk â University of Duisburg-Essen, </b></span><span class="s3">North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (October 2018)- âUsing non-standard biomolecules to elucidate the Origins of Lifeâ</span></li> 1185<li class="li2"><span class="s3"><b>Contributed Talk â Interdisciplinary Origins of Life (iOOL) meeting 2018 at Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University,</b> Dusseldorf, Germany, (October 2018) – âThe possible role of prebiotic scaffold molecules in the Origins of life â</span></li> 1186<li class="li2"><span class="s3"><b>Contributed Talk â 18th European Astrobiology Network Association (EANA) conference 2018</b>, Berlin, Germany, (September 2018) – âCombinatorial Chemistry and the Origins of Life: Polyestersâ</span></li> 1187<li class="li2"><span class="s3"><b>Invited Talk â Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), </b></span><span class="s5">Vestec, Czech Republic (September 2018)- âScaffolding the Origins of lifeâ</span></li> 1188<li class="li2"><span class="s3"><b>Invited Talk- Research Fellows Conference, University of Chemistry and Technology, </b>Prague, Czech Republic (September 2018) âIntroduction and Problems in the Origins of Lifeâ</span></li> 1189<li class="li2"><span class="s3"><b>Invited Talk â Institute for Planetary Materials (IPM), Okayama University, </b></span><span class="s5">Misasa, Japan (June 2017)- âOrigins of life and its discontentâ</span></li> 1190<li class="li2"><span class="s3"><b>Invited Talk – NASA Astrobiology Instituteâs Thermodynamic, Disequilibrium and Evolution (TDE) Focus Group</b> meeting, ELSI, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, (October 2016) – âThe Abiotic Chemistry of Thiolated Acetate Derivatives and the Origin of Lifeâ</span></li> 1191</ul> 1192</li> 1193<li>And some outreach talks in Malaysia (see the attached poster) 1194<ul> 1195<li class="li1"><span class="s2">Public talk at <strong>SMK (High School) Wangsa Melawati</strong> âHow to Find Aliens Vol 2â, 13th March 2019</span></li> 1196<li class="li1"><span class="s2">Public talk at <strong>Planetarium Negara âHow to Find Aliensâ,</strong> 25th February 2019. </span></li> 1197</ul> 1198</li> 1199</ul> 1200<p>I will be updating this blog soon with my own OOL stuff.</p> 1201<p> </p> 1202<p> </p> 1203<div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon 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This keeps us from having to make a geo request too frequently. 1500 setCcpaAppliesCookie( ccpa_applies ); 1501 1502 // Check if CCPA applies to set the proper usprivacy cookie. 1503 if ( ccpa_applies ) { 1504 if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { 1505 // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. 1506 setDefaultOptInCookie(); 1507 } else { 1508 // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. 1509 setDefaultOptOutCookie(); 1510 } 1511 } else { 1512 // CCPA does not apply. 1513 setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); 1514 } 1515 } else { 1516 // Could not geo, so let's assume for now that CCPA applies to be safe. 1517 setCcpaAppliesCookie( true ); 1518 if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { 1519 // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. 1520 setDefaultOptInCookie(); 1521 } else { 1522 // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. 1523 setDefaultOptOutCookie(); 1524 } 1525 } 1526 } 1527 }; 1528 1529 // Send the geo request. 1530 request.send(); 1531 } else { 1532 // We found a CCPA applies cookie. 1533 if ( ccpaCookie === 'true' ) { 1534 if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { 1535 // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. 1536 setDefaultOptInCookie(); 1537 } else { 1538 // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. 1539 setDefaultOptOutCookie(); 1540 } 1541 } else { 1542 // CCPA does not apply. 1543 setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); 1544 } 1545 } 1546 } ); 1547 }; 1548 1549 // Kickoff initialization. 1550 if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) { 1551 defQueue.items.push( setupPrivacy ); 1552 } else { 1553 setupPrivacy(); 1554 } 1555 1556 } )(); 1557 </script>
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