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66 <font color="#23238e" size=4><b><br>To translate a block of text or web page, click <a href="https://www.bing.com/translator/">Bing Translate</a> or <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate_t?hl=en#">Google Translate</a></b></font><br><br><div align="center"><center><table border=0> 67 <tr><td align="center"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><img src="Wikipedia.jpg" alt="Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia" align=top 68 border=1 width=88 height=80></a><br> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><font 69 size=2 face="Arial"><b>Wikipedia</b></font></a><br> <a href="navigation.html"><font size=2 face="Arial"><b>Sitemap</b></font></a></td> 70 <td><!--Start Google Search Box 2Jan19--><form action="https://www.google.com/search" 71 method="get"> <table border=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td align="center"><img src="Logo40wht.gif" alt="Google" align="left" hspace=0 72 width=62 height=38><input type="text" size=25 maxlength=300 name="q" /><input 73 type="submit" value="Google Search" /></td></tr> <tr><td align="center"><input type="radio" https://amzn.to/4tL3Yxbfollow href=" 74 checked name="sitesearch" /><font color="#0000FF" size=2><b>The Web <input 75 type="radio" name="sitesearch" value="www.bydewey.com">This Site Only</b></font></td></tr></table></form> <!--Start Amazon 18Dec22--><center><td><a href="https://amzn.to/3fOiRi6"> 76 <img src="amazonround.jpg" border=1 width=88 height=80 alt="Amazon Round Logo"><br></a><b><font face="Arial" size=1> </font><font size=1> 77 <a href="https://themostusefulwebsites.com/">Useful Links 1</a><br> <a href="https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/">Useful Links 2</a></center></font></b></td></tr></table></center> 78 79<center><h5 class=irc>This site includes a <a href=virtual.html>Virtual Library of Useful URLs</a><br>arranged by Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)</h5> 80<h1 class=invyc><a href=navigation.html>To Sitemap</a></h1></center> 81<p>The goal of <a href="index.html">A Research Guide for Students</a> is to provide all the necessary tools for you to conduct research and to present your findings. Site provides a Quick Click to <a href=2quick.html>Search Engines</a>, annotated <a href=styleguides.html>Research, Writing, and Style Guides</a> (MLA, APA, Chicago, Turabian, CGOS, CBE, Harvard), and Worlds of Knowledge housing some of the best education Web sites in a <a href=virtual.html>Virtual Library</a> arranged by <a href="https://www.library.illinois.edu/infosci/research/guides/dewey/">Dewey Decimal Classification</a>. The <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification>DDC</a>, created in 1873 by <a href=https://www.oclc.org/en/dewey/resources/biography.html>Melville Dewey</a>, aka <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvil_Dewey>Melvil Dewey</a> or <a href=https://www.geni.com/people/Dr-Melvil-Dewey/6000000021503124374>Melville Louis Kossuth Dewey</a>, was first published in 1876. Web sites in this virtual library are organized somewhat loosely by subject according to recent editions of the <a href=https://www.oclc.org/dewey/>DDC</a>.</p> 82 83<p>See also: <a href=https://help.oclc.org/Librarian_Toolbox/OCLC_glossaries/Dewey_Decimal_Classification_glossary>Dewey Decimal Classification Glossary</a>. 84<br>* <a href=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118340075827155554>Discord Over Dewey</a> by Andrew Lavallee, WSJ.com, July 20, 2007. 85<br>* <a rel=nofollow href="https://amzn.to/4eTP4RF">Dewey Decimal Classification, 2025 in 4 volumes by Alex Kyrios | Mar 1, 2025</a>. 86<br>* <a rel=nofollow href="https://amzn.to/4tL3Yxb">Dewey Decimal Classification, 2026 in 4 volumes by Alex Kyrios | Mar 1, 2026</a>.</p> 87 88<p>The good and bad about Melvil Dewey:</p> 89 90<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvil_Dewey">Melvil Dewey</a> from Wikipedia. Melville Louis Kossuth "Melvil" Dewey (December 10, 1851 â December 26, 1931) was an American librarian and educator who invented the Dewey Decimal system of library classification. He was a founder of the Lake Placid Club, a chief librarian at Columbia College, founder of what would later become the Columbia University School of Library Service, and a foun
90ding member of the American Library Association. Although Dewey's contributions to the modern library are widely recognized, his legacy is marred by his sexual harassment of female colleagues, as well as his racism and antisemitism.</p> 91 92<p><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Melvil-Dewey">Melvil Dewey</a>. Melvil Dewey (born December 10, 1851, Adams Center, New York, U.S. died December 26, 1931, Lake Placid, Florida) was an American librarian who devised the Dewey Decimal Classification for library cataloging and, probably more than any other individual, was responsible for the development of library science in the United States.</p> 93 94<p> ● <a href="https://amzn.to/4kVMYS8">Decimal Classification and Relative Index; 8th ed. (1913) - 9th ed. (1915) by Melvil Dewey (1851-1931). Hardcover â 9 Sep 2021.</p> 95 96<p><a href="https://www.librarianshipstudies.com/2019/02/melvil-dewey.html">Biography of Melvil Dewey</a> from Librarianships Studies. Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 â December 26, 1931), born Melville Louis Kossuth Dewey, was a transformative figure in librarianship, education, and organizational systems. His invention of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system redefined how libraries cataloged and accessed knowledge, establishing a global standard still in use today. Beyond the DDC, Dewey pioneered library education, co-founded key institutions like the American Library Association (ALA), and pursued reforms in spelling, metrics, and efficiency. However, his legacy is shadowed by personal controversies, including allegations of inappropriate behavior and discriminatory practices, making him a complex and polarizing figure.</p> 97 98<!--Melvil_Dewey_1891-e1561461639725.jpg Google image from 99https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-library-group-expunges-dewey-name-from-medal-over-anti-semitism-misogyny/--> 100 101<p> ● <a rel=nofollow href="https://amzn.to/4sk1g1G">Irrespressible Reformer: A Biography of Melvil Dewey</a>. Paperback - 1 Jun 1996 by Wayne A Wiegand. "Dewey historian Wayne Wiegand has produced the first frank and comprehensive biography of the man behind the Dewey Decimal Classification System and scores of other enduring achievements."</p> 102 103<p> ● <a rel=nofollow href=https://amzn.to/4eMpNGI>Everything Is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder</a> is a book by David Weinberger published in 2007. The book's central premise is that there is no universally acceptable way of classifying information. Starting with the story of the <a rel=nofollow href=https://amzn.to/3W5KJRm>Dewey Decimal Classification (Practical Handbook by Sharma)</a>, Weinberger demonstrates that all attempts to classify inherently reflect the biases of the person defining the classification system. 104 105<p> ● <a rel=nofollow href="https://amzn.to/4q1T7ya">Dewey Decimal</a> by Melissa Cassel, 4 Nov 2011. This book is about the many achievements that Melvil Dewey accomplished throughout his life. "When he [Melvil Dewey] was a child, he enjoyed reading books. While at school one day, the building caught fire. Melvil gathered as many books as possible from the library. He inhaled the smoke and got a cough, which lasted for several months. Melvil was told that he would not live. He decided to make the most of his time ... Melvil was committed to causes. He was organized in everything that he did. It took Melvil several years before he finally solved the classification of books ... He needed to use the simplest method possible to number the classification of all human knowledge in print." See also: <a href=006-099.html#025.4>025.4 Dewey Decimal Classification</a>.<p> 106 107<p> ● <a href="https://amzn.to/4r3Ulsj">Do You Know Dewey? Exploring the Dewey Decimal System by Brian P. Cleary. Joanne Lew-Vriethoff (Illustrator). Hardcover â Picture Book, 1 Aug 2012.</p> 108 109<p> ● <a href="https://minystories.wordpress.com/2013/12/10/the-dark-side-of-dewey/">The Dark Side of Dewey</a> by Debbie Rabina, Ph.D. 110Professor, Pratt Institute, School of Information, miNYstories, 10 Dec 2013. Fall 2013. miNYstories are short multimedia narratives about New York City inspired by literary works. "Melville Dewey was born in 1851 in Adams Center, New York, into a deeply religious family in a deeply religious area of the state ... He had originally wanted to be a missionary, and applied this zeal to teaching and libraries. He spent two years investigating practices at several libraries, leading to publication of his classification system for libraries in 1876." 111 112<p> ● <a href="https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2014/03/24/melvil-dewey-compulsive-innovator/">
112Melvil Dewey, Compulsive Innovator</a>. "The decimal obsessions of an information organizer" from <i>American Libraries</i>, the voice of the profession and the flagship magazine of the American Library Association, 24 Mar 2014.</p> 113 114<p> ● <a href="https://amzn.to/4aUVfkD">Melville Dewey and the Dewey Decimal System: A 15-Minute Biography (15-Minute Books Book 635) Kindle Edition by Cullen Gwin. Aug 20, 2016.</p> 115 116<p> ● <a href="https://shorturl.at/6Aqpr">Bringing Harassment Out of the History Books: Addressing the troubling aspects of Melvil Dewey's legacy</a> by Anne Ford, American Libraries Magazine, 1 Jun 2018.</p> 117 118<p> ● <a href="https://www.history.com/news/the-father-of-modern-libraries-was-a-serial-sexual-harasser">The Father of Modern Libraries Was a Serial Sexual Harasser</a> by Erin Blakemore, History.com, 19 Dec 2017, Updated: 22 Aug 2018. "Melvil Dewey helped create a new profession for women - and harassed them at every step of the way."</p> 119 120<p> ● <a href="https://shorturl.at/dvaIF">Lost in the Library: Melvil Dewey and His Cataloguing System</a> by Marie C., University of Saskatchewan, Nov 7, 2018. The Life and Legacy of Melvil Dewey. Born Melville Louis Kossuth Dewey, the man we now know as Melvil Dewey was a man obsessed with the metric system, captivated by the decimal, and an ardent supporter of a simplified spelling reform, having changed his own name from Melville to Melvil ... Melvil Dewey is now considered the "Father of Modern Librarianship", however, he was also a controversial figure. Assumed to have had Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder, he struggled to get along with others ...</p> 121 122<p> ● <a href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/dewey-decimal-system-founder-expunged-from-library-award-over-racism-and-anti-semitism">Dewey Decimal System founder expunged from library award over racism and anti-Semitism</a> by Tim Pearce, 24 Jun 2019.</p> 123 124<p> ● <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-library-group-expunges-dewey-name-from-medal-over-anti-semitism-misogyny/">US library group expunges Dewey name from medal over anti-Semitism, misogyny</a> by Marcy Oster, Times of Israel, 25 Jun 2019.</p> 125 126<p> ● <a href="https://www.latimes.com/books/la-et-jc-dewey-name-removed-library-association-20190626-story.html">American Library Assn. strips name of Dewey Decimal System creator from annual award</a> by Michael Schaub, 26 Jun 2019. "The ALA council made the decision on Sunday [23 Jun 2019], reports Publisher's Weekly, approving a resolution that urged the award be renamed because of Dewey's history of anti-Semitism, racism against African Americans and sexual harassment of women. The resolution argued that the Melvil Dewey Medal be renamed because 'Dewey did not permit Jewish people, African Americans, or other minorities admittance to the resort owned by Dewey and his wife,' which led to his censure by the New York State Board of Regents."</p> 127 128<p> ● <a href="https://slate.com/human-interest/2019/09/melvil-dewey-american-library-association-award-name-change.html">Down With Dewey</a> by Karen Lindell, Slate, 27 Sep 2019.</p> 129 130<p> ● <a href="https://amzn.to/3OD67fL">Abridged Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index 14th Edition by Melvil Dewey and Joan S. Mitchell. Edited by Julianne Beall, Giles Martin, Winton E. Matthews, and Gregory R. New. OCLC 1 Jan 2003.</p> 131 132<p> ● <a href="https://amzn.to/4cU2trL">The Efficient, Inventive (Often Annoying) Melvil Dewey by Alexis O'Neill. Edwin Fotheringham (Illustrator). Hardcover â Picture Book, 10 Nov 2020. Who was Melvil Dewey? Learn how Dewey's love of organization and words drove him to develop and implement his Dewey Decimal system, leaving a significant and lasting impact in libraries across the country.</p> 133 134<p> ● <a href="https://www.kidcyber.com.au/melvil-dewey">Melvil Dewey (1851-1931): a Biography</a> from kidcyber.com.au, a site for students K - 6, 2025.</p> 135<p> ● <a href="https://www.kidcyber.com.au/dewey-decimal-system">Dewey Decimal System</a> from kidcyber.com.au, 2025. 136<p> ● <a href="https://academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Melville_Dewey">
136Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 â December 26, 1931) was the inventor of the Dewey Decimal Classification system for library classification from Academic Kids, 2025.</p> 137 138<hr> 139 140<p>This site also provides guidelines on: How to write an <a href=1steps.html>A+ research paper</a>, How to effectively deliver a <a href=3tips.html>presentation</a>, How to <a href=4format.html>format</a> a research or term paper, How to <a href=5quoting.html>quote passages using MLA style 7th ed.</a>, How to avoid <a href=6plagiar.html>plagiarism</a>, How to write <a href=7footnot.html>Footnotes and Endnotes in MLA 6th ed.</a> with examples on writing <a href=8firstfo.html>First Footnotes and Endnotes in MLA Style 6th ed.</a> plus a <a href=samplefootnote.html>Footnotes Sample Page in MLA 6th ed.</a> and an <a href=sampleendnote.html>Endnotes Sample Page in MLA 6th ed.</a></p> 141 142<p><a rel=nofollow href="https://amzn.to/4iEHYQO">MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers: 9th edition (Paperback)</a> 143by The Modern Language Association of America was published on April 22, 2021.</p> 144 145<p> See <a href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_changes_9th_edition.html">MLA Ninth Edition: What's New and Different</a> from Purdue Online Writing Lab, Purdue University. MLA 9th edition is an expansion of the 8th edition with new sections on grammar, writing advice, a new chapter on inclusive language, expansion endnotes & footnotes, new guidelines for annotated bibliographies, as well as more examples and explanations, such as how to use notes, websites, interviews, and YouTube videos.</p> 146 147<p><a rel=nofollow href="https://amzn.to/4oI4klX">MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers: 8th edition (Paperback)</a> 148by The Modern Language Association of America was published on April 1, 2016.</p> 149 150<p><a rel=nofollow https://amzn.to/42op6g3>MLA Handbook 8th edition (Paperback)</a> was published on April 1, 2016. See <a href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_8th_edition_changes.html">MLA Eighth Edition: What's New and Different</a> from Purdue Online Writing Lab, Purdue University.</p> 151 152<p><a rel=nofollow href="https://amzn.to/4pRLKIO">MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers: 7th edition (Paperback)</a> by Joseph Gibaldi was published on March 1, 2009.</p> 153 154<p>Note: With the 2009 publication of the <a rel=nofollow href=https://amzn.to/41v3T2G>MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers 7th Edition</a>, the traditional method of writing first Footnotes and Endnotes to cite sources has become obsolete, however, with Parenthetical Documentation you can still use Notes to add content and bibliographic notes when needed. See <a rel=nofollow https://amzn.to/41v3T2G>MLA Handbook 7th ed.</a> (ch. 6.5) for information on Using Notes with Parenthetical Documentation or <a href=7notes.html>Content and Bibliographic Notes</a>. Documenting sources in the text of your essay is much simpler by using only <a href=9parenth.html>Parenthetical Documentation</a> for citations followed by a <a href=sampleworks.html>Works Cited</a> page at the end of the essay. Web pages based on the new MLA style 7th ed. (2009) are now available on this site. Web pages based on MLA style, 6th ed. (2003) will remain accessible.</p> 155<p>Updated MLA Style 7th ed. pages include: How to write <a href=9parenth.html>Parenthetical Documentation</a> using MLA style 7th ed. <a href=sampleparenth.html>Parenthetical Documentation Sample Page</a>, <a href=11guide.html>Guidelines on Writing a Bibliography or Works Cited Page in MLA style 7th ed.</a>, <a href=10works.html>Works Cited, References, and Bibliography - What's the Difference?</a> <a href=sampleworks.html>Works Cited Sample Page</a> using MLA citations 7th ed., and <a href=12biblio.html>How to Write a Bibliography - Examples in MLA Style, 7th ed.</a> including <a href=12biblio.html#23>Internet citation examples</a>.</p> 156 157<p><a rel=nofollow href="https://amzn.to/3KN0utI">MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers: 6th edition (Paperback) (Turtleback School & Library Binding Edition)</a> by Joseph Gibaldi was published on April 1, 2009.</p> 158 159<p>Included on this site are <a href=monthdayabb.html#months>Abbreviations of Months of the Year</a>, <a href=monthdayabb.html#days>Days of the Week</a>, <a href=bibleabb.html>Books of the Bible</a>, <a href=comabb.html>
159Common, Uncommon and Specialized Abbreviations</a>, as well as Abbreviations, Facts, <a href="https://www.flags.com/state-flags/">Flags of the 50 United States</a>, Maps of 50 States in the <a href=13abbrev.html#usa>United States of America</a>, of Provinces and Territories in <a href=13abbrev.html#canada>Canada</a>, plus <a href=13abbrev.html#cities>Cities of the World</a>, <a href=countrycode1.html>Countries of the World with International Country Codes</a> and <a href=anthems.html>National Anthems of the World</a>.</p><p style="text-align: left">Created specially for the serious-minded surfer is a page on <a href=14surviv.html>How to Survive the Internet Unscathed</a>.</p><p>NOTE: To everyone writing a report, a research essay, a term paper, or creating a Web page on the WWW: All ideas borrowed or sources used that are not your own must be documented and properly acknowledged. <a href=6plagiar.html>Plagiarism</a> in any form is not permissible. Please use your good judgment to choose a variety of reliable sources. Information presented on this site is a guideline only, students are advised to use the type of documentation preferred by your teacher or instructor, including the choice to use <a href=12biblio6ed.html>MLA Style 6th edition</a>, <a href=12biblio.html>MLA Style 7th edition</a>, or other styles: <a href=styleguides.html>APA, Chicago/Turabian, Harvard, CGOS, CSE</a>.</p> 160 161<center><h4 class=irc>History of A Research Guide for Students by I Lee</h4></center> 162<p>This site: A Research Guide for Students by I Lee began in July 1998 at <font color="blue">geocities.com/athens/troy/8866</font> (Sites were then assigned to Athens and Acropolis for contents dealing with "Teaching, Education, Reading, Writing, and Philosophy"), then transferred to <font color="blue">geocities.com/researchguide</font>. (Shortly after GeoCities was acquired by Yahoo! on January 28, 1999, the practice of naming sites after real cities or regions according to their content was abandoned in favor of using the Yahoo! member names in the URLs). When the Research Guide was featured on Wall Street Executive Library, hits soared and exceeded the bandwidth allowed by Yahoo! for a free site. So a new domain: <font color="blue">aresearchguide.com</font> was created. When hits reached 30,000 to 40,000 a day in 2006, the domain <font color="blue">aresearchguide.com</font> with a portion of the content of A Research Guide for Students migrated to the United Kingdom. On February 7, 2008, <font color="blue">www.bydewey.com</font> was created to retain, maintain and grow from the original Research Guide.</p> 163 164<p>On October 26, 2009, all <font color="blue">GeoCities.com</font> sites were closed by Yahoo! Someone (David Feinman?) restored 2,370,970 accounts, archived and moved 31,703,925 pages from <font color="blue">GeoCities.com</font> to <font color="blue">ReoCities.com</font>, and later to <font color="blue">Oocities.org</font>. Recently, <font color="blue">Geocities.ws</font> appeared and has restored the original contents from October 2009. The Library of the Collective Human Record (lchr.org) has also retained over 50,000 catalogued sites archived from GeoCities (1994-2009).</p> 165 166<p>You may be able to access some of the old <font color="blue">geocities.com</font> web pages at: www.oocities.com/researchguide or <a href="http://www.geocities.ws/researchguide/">www.geocities.ws/researchguide</a> with data from 2009. However, if you click on the Title Logo: "A Research Guide for Students by I Lee", for some strange reason, it will take you to the current official website: <a href=https://www.bydewey.com>www.bydewey.com</a>.</p> 167 168<p>A Research Guide for Students by I Lee includes various web pages: Autobiography of Carl Kaas, Biography of Former Mayor Hazel McCallion, <a href="https://www.bydewey.com/covidalbum.html">COVID-19 Coronavirus and World News</a> (including daily Stock Market Watch data from Jan 2020 on), Dr. Kujtan's Medical Matters, Pun and Funny English, Special Events for Seniors in Mississauga Area, <a href=virtual.html>A Virtual Library of Useful URLs</a> arranged <font color="#cc0000">by Dewey</font> Decimal Classification, and more.</p> 169 170<center><h5 class=irc><a href=navigation.html>Click here to view CONTENTS of this site</a></h5></center> 171<a name=disclaimer id=disclaimer></a><p><font color=#cc0000>Disclaimer:</font> All URLs listed on this site have been tested for accuracy, and contents of Web sites examined for quality, at the time of addition. Content accuracy and appropriateness, however, cannot be guaranteed over time as Web sites and their contents change constantly. The author takes no responsibility for difficulties which may result from the use of any Web site listed herein. Please contact the Webmaster at bydewey at yahoo dot com if you wish to report broken links.</p> 172<a name=policy id=policy></a><p><font color=#cc0000>Privacy Policy:</font> The author of this Web site will not rent, sell, or give the information you provide to a third party without your permission.</p> 173<p><font color=#cc0000>Trademarks</font> used on this Web site are the property of their respective owners and no implied endorsement of their product is hereby intended.</p> 174<p>Last modified: 28 August 2026.<br>Copyrighted 1998-2026 by I. Lee. 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