https://iet-inc.net/assets/CaseStudyAdamsville-CtRbsAsP.js

1import{j as e,S as d,m as c,f as n,l as m,C as a,a as i,b as t,F as h,d as s,n as x}from"./index-DFmzKkTp.js";import{P as g}from"./ProjectDataSection-B2mJPHc7.js";function f(){const l={year:"2010",duration:"570 days (monitoring period)",contaminants:["BTEX","Aromatic Hydrocarbons"],technologies:["Chemical Oxidation (Sodium Persulfate)","Biological Mineralization","Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI) Suspension","Dual-Phase Treatment"],keyResults:["97% benzene reduction at MW-1/MW-1R","99% benzene reduction at MW-5","Sustained reducing conditions established","Cost-effective dual-phase approach","Long-term biological treatment enabled"]};return e.jsxs("div",{className:"min-h-screen bg-gray-950 text-white py-20",children:[e.jsx(d,{title:"Adamsville Petroleum Hydrocarbon Remediation Case Study | IET",description:"IET remediated BTEX and aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in Adamsville using chemical oxidation with sodium persulfate and biological mineralization.",keywords:"Adamsville, petroleum remediation, BTEX, sodium persulfate, chemical oxidation, bioremediation",canonical:"/CaseStudyAdamsville"}),e.jsx("div",{className:"max-w-5xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8",children:e.jsxs(c.div,{initial:{opacity:0,y:20},animate:{opacity:1,y:0},transition:{duration:.6},children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"mb-8",children:[e.jsx(n,{className:"bg-orange-500/10 text-orange-400 border border-orange-500/20 mb-4",children:"Petroleum Contamination"}),e.jsx("h1",{className:"text-4xl md:text-5xl font-bold mb-4 bg-gradient-to-r from-green-400 via-emerald-500 to-green-600 bg-clip-text text-transparent",children:"Former Hardware Store Site — Adamsville"}),e.jsx("div",{className:"flex flex-wrap gap-4 text-gray-400",children:e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex items-center gap-2",children:[e.jsx(m,{className:"w-5 h-5"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Adamsville, Ohio"})]})})]}),e.jsx(g,{projectData:l}),e.jsxs(a,{className:"bg-gray-800/50 border-gray-700 mb-8",children:[e.jsx(i,{children:e.jsxs(t,{className:"text-white flex items-center gap-2",children:[e.jsx(h,{className:"w-6 h-6 text-green-500"}),"Project Summary"]})}),e.jsxs(s,{className:"text-gray-300 space-y-4",children:[e.jsx("p",{children:"A unique mix of chemical oxidation and facultative biologically based mineralization was used to degrade benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene compounds present in soil and groundwater at a hardware store site in Adamsville, Ohio."}),e.jsx("p",{children:"The utilization of free radical chemistry was implemented in such a way as to extend the oxidant and free radical residuals. The injection program effectively introduced the remedial chemicals sodium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide and zero-valent iron directly into the soil and groundwater using injection wells and direct push technologies."}),e.jsx("p",{children:"The injection program targeted a total of 2,502 square feet."})]})]}),e.jsxs(a,{className:"bg-gray-800/50 border-gray-700 mb-8",children:[e.jsx(i,{children:e.jsxs(t,{className:"text-white flex items-center gap-2",children:[e.jsx(x,{className:"w-6 h-6 text-green-500"}),"Contaminants of Concern"]})}),e.jsx(s,{children:e.jsx("div",{className:"flex flex-wrap gap-2",children:["BTEX","Aromatic Hydrocarbons"].map((r,o)=>e.jsx(n,{className:"bg-orange-500/10 text-orange-400 border border-orange-500/20",children:r},o))})})]}),e.jsxs(a,{className:"bg-gray-800/50 border-gray-700 mb-8",children:[e.jsx(i,{children:e.jsx(t,{className:"text-white",children:"Remediation Plan"})}),e.jsxs(s,{className:"text-gray-300 space-y-4",children:[e.jsx("p",{children:"The first phase of the degradation program oxidizes VOCs via hydroxyl and sulfate free radicals, utilizing zero-valent iron as a catalyst for both reactions. This step is then followed by the enhancement of biological attenuation using the spent materials from the oxidation event to aid in facultative biological degradation of the dissolved phase compounds remaining after the oxidation event."}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"bg-gray-900/50 rounded-lg p-4",children:[e.jsx("h5",{className:"text-white font-semibold mb-2",children:"Materials Injected:"}),e.jsxs("ul",{className:"space-y-2 ml-4",children:[e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-1.5 h-1.5 bg-green-500 rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"1,241 pounds of ZVI suspension in 700 gallons of water"})]}),e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-1.5 h-1.5 bg-green-500 rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"5,180 pounds of sodium persulfate in ~2,825 gallons of oxidative solution"})]})]})]})]})]}),e.jsxs(a,{className:"bg-gray-800/50 border-gray-700 mb-8",children:[e.jsx(i,{children:e.jsx(t,{className:"text-white",children:"Treatment Results (570 Days Post-Injection)"})}),e.jsxs(s,{className:"text-gray-300 space-y-4",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"bg-gray-900/50 rounded-lg p-4 space-y-3",children:[e.jsx("h4",{className:"text-white font-semibold",children:"MW-1/MW-1R Results:"}),e.jsxs("ul",{className:"space-y-2 ml-4",children:[e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-1.5 h-1.5 bg-green-500 rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Benzene: 97% reduction (4.2 to 0.14 ppm)"})]}),e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-1.5 h-1.5 bg-green-500 rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Ethylbenzene: 20% reduction"})]}),e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-1.5 h-1.5 bg-green-500 rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Total Xylenes: 49% reduction"})]})]})]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"bg-gray-900/50 rounded-lg p-4 space-y-3",children:[e.jsx("h4",{className:"text-white font-semibold",children:"MW-5 Results:"}),e.jsxs("ul",{className:"space-y-2 ml-4",children:[e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-1.5 h-1.5 bg-green-500 rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Benzene: 95% reduction (7.0 to 0.36 ppm)"})]}),e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-1.5 h-1.5 bg-green-500 rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Toluene: 70% reduction"})]}),e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-1.5 h-1.5 bg-green-500 rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Ethylbenzene: 86% reduction"})]}),e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-start gap-2",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-1.5 h-1.5 bg-green-500 rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Total Xylenes: 68% reduction"})]})]})]})]})]}),e.jsxs(a,{className:"bg-gray-800/50 border-gray-700 mb-8",children:[e.jsx(i,{children:e.jsx(t,{className:"text-white",children:"Technical Approach & ZVI-Activated Persulfate-Peroxide Chemistry"})}),e.jsxs(s,{className:"text-gray-300 space-y-4",children:[e.jsx("p",{children:"This Adamsville project demonstrates IET's patented (US 7,044,152) dual-oxidant activation technology — using 1,241 lbs of ZVI to simultaneously activate 5,180 lbs of sodium persulfate in a single injection event. The ZVI catalyst generates sulfate radicals (SO₄•⁻) from persulfate and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) from peroxide, creating a multi-radical oxidative environment that destroys BTEX and aromatic hydrocarbons more effectively than either oxidant alone."}),e.jsx("p",{children:"The dual-phase treatment design — oxidation followed by biological attenuation — leverages the spent oxidant by-products as electron acceptors for facultative biological treatment. After the ZVI-activated oxidants are depleted, the residual ferric iron and sulfate species support biological degradation of remaining dissolved-phase contamination. This mechanism provides both rapid source destruction (97% benzene reduction in MW-1) and sustained long-term treatment, preventing the contaminant rebound that plagues single-oxidant ISCO programs."}),e.jsx("p",{children:"The 570-day post-injection monitoring period documented in the treatment results demonstrates the sustained effectiveness of this dual-phase approach. The 97% benzene reduction in MW-1 and 95% benzene reduction in MW-5, maintained over 570 days, confirm that the biological attenuation phase successfully followed the oxidation phase — providing the long-term treatment needed for c

1omplete petroleum site closure."})]})]}),e.jsxs(a,{className:"bg-gray-800/50 border-gray-700 mb-8",children:[e.jsx(i,{children:e.jsx(t,{className:"text-white",children:"Adamsville Site Context & Petroleum Hydrocarbon Geology"})}),e.jsxs(s,{className:"text-gray-300 space-y-4",children:[e.jsx("p",{children:"The BTEX and aromatic hydrocarbon contamination at this site is typical of former petroleum storage or distribution facilities. The 700 gallons of ZVI suspension and 2,825 gallons of oxidative solution delivered via direct push injection provided comprehensive coverage of the contaminated soil and groundwater zone, with the ZVI-activated dual-oxidant chemistry targeting both dissolved-phase and sorbed-phase contaminants."}),e.jsx("p",{children:"The cost-effective single-event treatment noted in the Key Success Factors is a significant advantage of IET's dual-oxidant approach. By activating both persulfate and peroxide with ZVI in a single injection event, the project avoids the cost of multiple mobilizations while achieving the treatment effectiveness of a multi-phase program. The sustained reducing conditions established by the residual ZVI and biological community provide ongoing treatment without additional field events."})]})]}),e.jsx(a,{className:"bg-gradient-to-r from-green-600 to-emerald-600 border-0 mb-8",children:e.jsxs(s,{className:"p-6",children:[e.jsx("h4",{className:"text-xl font-bold mb-4",children:"Key Success Factors"}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex items-start gap-3",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-2 h-2 bg-white rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Dual-phase oxidation and biological treatment"})]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex items-start gap-3",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-2 h-2 bg-white rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Cost-effective single-event treatment"})]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex items-start gap-3",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-2 h-2 bg-white rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Up to 97% benzene reduction"})]}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex items-start gap-3",children:[e.jsx("div",{className:"w-2 h-2 bg-white rounded-full mt-2 flex-shrink-0"}),e.jsx("span",{children:"Sustained reducing conditions established"})]})]})]})})]})})]})}export{f as default};