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1</head><body><div hidden=""><!--$--><!--/$--></div><main class="flex flex-col min-h-screen"><nav aria-label="Main navigation" class="flex flex-col w-full lg:relative z-20"><div class="flex py-4 lg:py-8 px-6 max-w-7xl mx-auto w-full flex-col lg:flex-row grow lg:grow-0 gap-4"><div class="flex justify-between"><a aria-label="Niras Ondraf" href="/"><img alt="Niras Ondraf Logo" title="Niras Ondraf Logo" width="4127" height="1190" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="h-12 md:h-15 w-auto" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datocms-assets.com%2F151156%2F1741254410-niras-ondraf.png&w=3840&q=75 1x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datocms-assets.com%2F151156%2F1741254410-niras-ondraf.png&w=3840&q=75"/></a></div><div class="lg:flex grow justify-start lg:justify-end lg:mt-0 mt-8 hidden"><ul class="flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-8 items-start lg:items-center"></ul></div></div></nav><div class="flex flex-1 flex-col gap-6 w-full lg:gap-8"><div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto mb-4 lg:mb-24"><div class="py-12 px-6"><nav aria-label="Breadcrumb" class="mb-4"><ol class="flex font-bold flex-wrap text-brand-terracotta"><li><a href="/" class="text-nowrap hover:underline">Home</a><span class="mx-2 text-black opacity-25">/</span></li><li><a href="/news" class="text-nowrap hover:underline">News</a></li><li></li></ol></nav><h1 class="text-brand-green text-4xl sm:text-5xl font-bold mb-6">PRACLAY cooling phase begins in the underground laboratory</h1><div class="flex flex-wrap gap-2"><div class="text-white px-2 py-1 bg-brand-terracotta"><p class="text-sm sm:text-base font-bold flex items-center gap-1">Research</p></div><div class="text-white px-2 py-1 bg-brand-terracotta"><p class="text-sm sm:text-base font-bold flex items-center gap-1">Deep disposal</p></div><div class="text-white px-2 py-1 bg-brand-terracotta"><p class="text-sm sm:text-base font-bold flex items-center gap-1"><span class="inline-flex items-center justify-center" role="presentation"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.33325 3.33333C2.96506 3.33333 2.66659 3.63181 2.66659 4V13.3333C2.66659 13.7015 2.96506 14 3.33325 14H12.6666C13.0348 14 13.3333 13.7015 13.3333 13.3333V4C13.3333 3.63181 13.0348 3.33333 12.6666 3.33333H3.33325ZM1.33325 4C1.33325 2.89543 2.22868 2 3.33325 2H12.6666C13.7712 2 14.6666 2.89543 14.6666 4V13.3333C14.6666 14.4379 13.7712 15.3333 12.6666 15.3333H3.33325C2.22868 15.3333 1.33325 14.4379 1.33325 13.3333V4Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.6667 0.666992C11.0349 0.666992 11.3333 0.965469 11.3333 1.33366V4.00033C11.3333 4.36852 11.0349 4.66699 10.6667 4.66699C10.2985 4.66699 10 4.36852 10 4.00033V1.33366C10 0.965469 10.2985 0.666992 10.6667 0.666992Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.33341 0.666992C5.7016 0.666992 6.00008 0.965469 6.00008 1.33366V4.00033C6.00008 4.36852 5.7016 4.66699 5.33341 4.66699C4.96522 4.66699 4.66675 4.36852 4.66675 4.00033V1.33366C4.66675 0.965469 4.96522 0.666992 5.33341 0.666992Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.33325 6.66667C1.33325 6.29848 1.63173 6 1.99992 6H13.9999C14.3681 6 14.6666 6.29848 14.6666 6.66667C14.6666 7.03486 14.3681 7.33333 13.9999 7.33333H1.99992C1.63173 7.33333 1.33325 7.03486 1.33325 6.66667Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span>03/11/2025</p></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-col lg:flex-row px-0 lg:px-6"><div class="w-full lg:w-[calc(50%+8rem)]"><div class="aspect-[12/9]" style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI2MzQiIGhlaWdodD0iNDQ5Ij48L3N2Zz4=" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBhYICAgLFgsLEQ4aDQ0NGhYNDgoNFxUlGBYfFhoaHysjHSkoHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OGRAKHC8cFh0vNS8vLy8vLy8vLy8vNS8vLy8vLy81Ly8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABEAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAEAAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAUBAwb/xAAeEAACAgICAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAEDBRECNBIxM//EABcBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMCBAH/xAAZEQADAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQMCEQT/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/ALbIucK3dkavMcJY8SJlr6oc1MmEKl7mNzJNt8KmsstVLKb3dyAnUvwd9gFXKeMnNZnum7E/cwDvoBiWy/eABiHZ/9k=" style="object-fit:cover;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:0;position:absolute;
1left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:auto;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=0.25&w=1150 158w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=0.5&w=1150 317w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=0.75&w=1150 475w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=2&w=1150 634w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=2&w=1150" alt="Séverine Levasseur en Xavier Sillen" title="Séverine Levasseur en Xavier Sillen" fetchPriority="high" style="opacity:1;transition:opacity 500ms;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover" referrerPolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"/></picture><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=0.25&w=1150 158w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=0.5&w=1150 317w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=0.75&w=1150 475w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=2&w=1150 634w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=2&w=1150" alt="Séverine Levasseur en Xavier Sillen" title="Séverine Levasseur en Xavier Sillen" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover" fetchPriority="high" referrerPolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="px-6 lg:px-0 w-full lg:w-[calc(50%+7rem)] -mt-16 lg:mt-16 relative lg:-ml-32 self-end lg:self-auto"><div class="cta-text relative pt-12 pb-8 px-8 lg:p-24 max-h-fit is-left overflow-auto to-brand-terracotta"><p class="text-lg sm:text-xl leading-10 text-white text-lg leading-loose inline lg:inline-flex text-paragraph">At the HADES underground laboratory in Mol, a large-scale, long-term experiment is enabling researchers to assess the influence of geological disposal of heat-generating high-level waste on a deep clay layer. After a 10-year heating phase, the cooling phase has now begun. Séverine Levasseur and Xavier Sillen look back at the PRACLAY experience and discuss the next steps.</p><span class="inline-flex items-center justify-center size-18 lg:size-22 float-right text-white lg:absolute lg:right-6 lg:bottom-6" role="presentation"><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"><defs><style> 2 .cls-1 { 3 fill: none; 4 stroke: currentColor; 5 stroke-linecap: round; 6 stroke-linejoin: round; 7 stroke-width: 8px; 8 } 9 </style></defs><g id="testing"><g><path class="cls-1" d="M85.09,212.71l-15.22-6.03c-1.44-.57-3.07-.23-4.16.86l-3.93,3.93c-1.51,1.51-3.96,1.51-5.47,0l-16.42-16.42c-1.51-1.51-1.51-3.96,0-5.47l3.9-3.9c1.11-1.11,1.44-2.77.84-4.22l-8.51-20.54c-.6-1.45-2.01-2.39-3.58-2.39h-5.51c-2.14,0-3.87-1.73-3.87-3.87v-23.23c0-2.14,1.73-3.87,3.87-3.87h5.51c1.57,0,2.98-.94,3.58-2.39l8.51-20.54c.6-1.45.27-3.11-.84-4.22l-3.9-3.9c-1.51-1.51-1.51-3.96,0-5.47l16.42-16.42c1.51-1.51,3.96-1.51,5.47,0l3.9,3.9c1.11,1.11,2.77,1.44,4.22.84l20.54-8.51c1.45-.6,2.39-2.01,2.39-3.58v-5.51c0-2.14,1.73-3.87,3.87-3.87h15.48"></path><path class="cls-1" d="M208.96,166.26c-42.58-7.74-54.19,15.48-104.52,15.48-21.38,0-38.71-17.33-38.71-38.71s17.33-38.71,38.71-38.71c8.71,0,7.74,0,7.74,0"></path></g><g><polyline class="cls-1" points="128.96 154.65 143.16 112.07 143.16 57.87"></polyline><path class="cls-1" d="M120.19,180.96l-21.04,63.12c-5.01,15.04,6.18,30.57,22.03,30.57h118.72c16.06,0,27.27-15.91,21.87-31.04l-46.98-131.54v-54.19"></path><path class="cls-1" d="M150.9,57.87h-7.74c-4.28,0-7.74-3.47-7.74-7.74v-7.74c0-4.28,3.47-7.74,7.74-7.74h69.68c4.28,0,7.74,3.47,7.74,7.74v7.74c0,4.28-3.47,7.74-7.74,7.74h-27.1"></path></g></g></svg></span></div></div></div></div><section><div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-4xl px-6"><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph"><strong>What is the aim of the PRACLAY experiment?<br/></strong>Xavier: âHigh-level waste releases heat over many years. Although this heat generation decreases over time, it takes several centuries for it to become negligible. The aim of the PRACLAY experiment is to demonstrate that a deep clay layer could withstand the heat generated by the disposal of this type of waste underground. The properties that make clay a suitable host rock for geological disposal must be preserved despite the rise in temperature around the disposal galleries.â</p><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph">Séverine: âIn concrete terms, we are recreating the effects of disposing of heat-emitting waste in a deep layer of clay by heating a 1.9-metre-wide gallery over a length of 30 metres. The experiment is being carried out in HADES, at temperatures comparable to those that would be reached in a geological disposal facility. The size of the heated gallery and the length of the experiment also ensure a realistic representation of this type of disposal. The results obtained are essential for research into geological disposal in poorly indurated clay layers such as Boom Clay or Ieper Clay, two potential host rocks in Belgium.â</p><div class="relative mb-4 sm:mb-6 z-10 w-full sm:float-right sm:ml-6 sm:w-1/2"><div class="mb-4 sm:mb-6 aspect-[16/10]" style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMTUwIiBoZWlnaHQ9Ijc2NyI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLFgoLDh0XDhUNDhcdFRUSHR8dGBofFiEaHysjGh0oHRYWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHA0OGS8cFhwvNS8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLzUvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABEAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABQEDBP/EACMQAAE
9DAwIHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgQDBREhcRMiMTM0NVH/xAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADBAL/xAAYEQADAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIRMf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AWxLHiPlqFtGDUY7RF0HlkrUn25z3fCI82M+s5mE6hVmiTTwqWs6lGRqoSTc8cPlARNYBVPTJYvUP2MUHzXbgAFFE8G83soAAaQFdP//Z" style="object-fit:cover;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:auto;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=0.25&w=1150 287w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=0.5&w=1150 575w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=0.75&w=1150 862w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150 1150w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=1.5&w=1150 1725w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=2&
9w=1150 2300w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=3&w=1150 3450w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=4&w=1150 4600w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150" alt="PRACLAY experiment" title="PRACLAY experiment" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover" loading="lazy" referrerPolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"/></picture></noscript></div><p class="text-sm sm:text-md caption text-brand-sage pb-4 relative after:absolute after:bottom-0 after:right-0 after:w-6 after:h-6 after:border-6 after:border-l-transparent after:border-t-transparent after:border-b-brand-ogre after:border-r-brand-ogre mt-4 sm:mt-6">The aim of the PRACLAY experiment is to demonstrate that a deep clay layer can withstand the heat generated by high-level waste.</p></div><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph"><strong>The PRACLAY experiment was also an opportunity to observe the effect of excavations on clay.</strong><br/>Xavier: âPrecisely. The construction of the PRACLAY gallery in 2007 has already demonstrated that it is possible to dig galleries perpendicular to a main gallery using industrial techniques. During the excavation work, we monitored changes in the clay layer using measuring instruments that had been installed beforehand. This enabled the team to map the disturbances caused by the digging with great accuracy. We also fitted the concrete lining of the PRACLAY gallery with sensors that continuously record, among other things, the pressure exerted by the clay. This data is extremely useful for designing the disposal facility.â</p><h2 class="text-brand-green text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4 font-bold">Heating to up to 80 degrees</h2><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph"><strong>A heating system was then installed. Can you tell us more?<br/></strong>Xavier: âWe obviously didn't place any waste in the PRACLAY gallery but reproduced the heat it would give off with a double heating system. Electric heating cables were installed on the surface of the gallery's concrete lining. As these cables cannot be replaced during the experiment, a second system, removable and located in the centre of the gallery, has been designed as a back-up solution so that heat generation can be fully ensured if necessary. After installing the heating system, we filled the gallery with water-saturated sand and completely isolated it from the main gallery.â</p><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph">Séverine: âTo recreate the conditions of a geological repository as precisely as possible, it was crucial to separate the heated section of the PRACLAY gallery from the rest of the underground laboratory during the experiment. A waterproof and insulating structure has been installed for this purpose. The metal structure, which also incorporates bentonite (an industrial
9clay) and thermal insulation materials, was designed and installed with great care, as it had to withstand high temperatures and pressures. Hundreds of cables run through it, connected to the heating system and the various measuring instruments.â</p></div></section><section><div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-7xl px-6"><div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-12 gap-4"><div class="md:col-span-10"><div class="aspect-[16/12]" style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI2ODkiIGhlaWdodD0iMzk0Ij48L3N2Zz4=" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgSDwoLDhgQDhkNGhULEhEYIxsZHhYVFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OEA4OEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAAIE/8QAHxAAAQQCAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQACAwQFBkFRERIx/8QAFgEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIE/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AKgxjLOwAFar2tNgzjJRwqiQ19hb69pa9be+2CelOc/hZmtsNjB+BRC4Cw9+Y8EqID//Z" style="object-fit:cover;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:auto;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-1.jpg?dpr=0.25&w=1150 172w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-1.jpg?dpr=0.5&w=1150 344w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-1.jpg?dpr=0.75&w=1150 516w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-1.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150 689w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-1.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150" alt="PRACLAY experiment" title="PRACLAY experiment" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover" loading="lazy" referrerPolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="flex flex-row md:flex-col gap-4 justify-between md:contain-size md:col-span-2"><button type="button" aria-label="Show image PRACLAY experiment" class="flex-1 overflow-hidden relative w-full h-full cursor-pointer"><div class="w-full h-full aspect-video" style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI2OTAiIGhlaWdodD0iNDAyIj48L3N2Zz4=" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLChYLDhgWFQ0PGh0SFg0YFxYZGBYVFhUmHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAQFS8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAECA//EABwQAAEFAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAgMEBRESIv/EABYBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMEAv/EABcRAAMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABIRH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AHpMms2uPQSmpWijoNDSsbk8jYQA4oscyZ7S4qcTaXGYyfIB5QplsPr446oWh04f/9k=" style="object-fit:cover;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:auto;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-2.jpg?dpr=0.25&w=1150 172w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-2.jpg?dpr=0.5&w=1150 345w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-2.jpg?dpr=0.75&w=1150 517w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-2.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150 690w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-2.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150" alt="PRACLAY experiment" title="PRACLAY experiment" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover" loading="lazy" referrerPolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"/></picture></noscript></div></button><button type="button" aria-label="Show image PRACLAY experiment" class="flex-1 overflow-hidden relative w-full h-full cursor-pointer"><div class="w-full h-full aspect-video" style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI2ODgiIGhlaWdodD0iMzk2Ij48L3N2Zz4=" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLEgoVDhgVDA0NDhoOFQoNFx8dGBYTFiEdHysjGh0oHRUiJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHA4QHC8oFh0vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAADAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADBQYBAP/EAB0QAAICAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIDAAEFExESMQT/xAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAgH/xAAXEQADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIR/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwCQ16D7cQbGi51VKVuMUYXFYYxdfT7DmkUEWKxTU6M1YxZDVczY2ow//9k=" style="object-fit:cover;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;
9left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:auto;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-4.jpg?dpr=0.25&w=1150 172w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-4.jpg?dpr=0.5&w=1150 344w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-4.jpg?dpr=0.75&w=1150 516w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-4.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150 688w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-4.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150" alt="PRACLAY experiment" title="PRACLAY experiment" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover" loading="lazy" referrerPolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"/></picture></noscript></div></button><button type="button" aria-label="Show image PRACLAY experiment" class="flex-1 overflow-hidden relative w-full h-full cursor-pointer"><div class="w-full h-full aspect-video" style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMTUwIiBoZWlnaHQ9Ijc2NiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="object-fit:cover;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:auto;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366442-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-3.jpg?dpr=0.25&w=1150 287w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366442-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-3.jpg?dpr=0.5&w=1150 575w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366442-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-3.jpg?dpr=0.75&w=1150 862w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366442-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-3.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150 1150w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366442-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-3.jpg?dpr=1.5&w=1150 1725w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366442-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-3.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150 2300w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366442-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-3.jpg?dpr=3&w=1150 3450w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366442-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-3.jpg?dpr=4&w=1150 4600w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366442-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-3.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150" alt="PRACLAY experiment" title="PRACLAY experiment" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover" loading="lazy" referrerPolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"/></picture></noscript></div></button><button type="button" aria-label="Show image PRACLAY experiment" class="flex-1 overflow-hidden relative w-full h-full cursor-pointer"><div class="w-full h-full aspect-video" style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMTUwIiBoZWlnaHQ9Ijc2MyI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgRDRILDg8QDg0NDhENFhEYFxwZGBYTFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABAAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEBQACA//EABsQAAICAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEEAAMCBWES/8QAFgEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAID/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AwXSZq1ZMANjRr89jirJrPVkRdkm2KffZIw29Jm3UAyS+djg1YxkgH//Z" style="object-fit:cover;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;
9left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:auto;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-5.jpg?dpr=0.25&w=1150 287w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-5.jpg?dpr=0.5&w=1150 575w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-5.jpg?dpr=0.75&w=1150 862w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-5.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150 1150w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-5.jpg?dpr=1.5&w=1150 1725w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-5.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150 2300w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-5.jpg?dpr=3&w=1150 3450w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-5.jpg?dpr=4&w=1150 4600w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-5.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150" alt="PRACLAY experiment" title="PRACLAY experiment" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover" loading="lazy" referrerPolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"/></picture></noscript></div></button></div></div></div><div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-4xl px-6"><p class="text-sm sm:text-md caption text-brand-sage pb-4 relative after:absolute after:bottom-0 after:right-0 after:w-6 after:h-6 after:border-6 after:border-l-transparent after:border-t-transparent after:border-b-brand-ogre after:border-r-brand-ogre mt-4 sm:mt-6 mx-auto max-w-4xl">In short, we heated the PRACLAY gallery for ten years to maintain a constant temperature of 80°C in contact with the clay. </p></div></section><section><div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-4xl px-6"><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph"><strong>The actual heating experiment could then begin. How exactly does it work?</strong><br/>Séverine: âIn short, we heated the PRACLAY gallery for ten years to maintain a constant temperature of 80°C in contact with the clay. This is the temperature expected when high-level waste is actually disposed of. We started heating the gallery at the end of 2014 and the power of the heating system was gradually increased until we reached the target temperature of 80°C.â</p><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph">Xavier: âInitially, the heating system faithfully reproduced the heat that would be emitted by potential waste. We then sped up the process, reaching 80°C in just nine months â a temperature that would not be reached in real storage for around ten years. All the studies show that for geological storage, the period during which the temperature rises is a critical phase. Boom Clay is a material with very fine pores filled with water. When the temperature rises, the water expands faster than the clay, increasing the pressure. We had to make sure that this increase in water pressure wasn't going to damage the clay.â</p><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph"><br/><strong>And what about measuring instruments?</strong><br/>Xavier: âWe installed measuring instruments in boreholes several dozen metres deep in the clay, drilled from the underground laboratory. These devices are connected to the laboratory, where the data is recorded and then transmitted to the surface for processing. Thermometric sensors located in the boreholes around the gallery allow the temperature rise in the clay to be measured in minute detail. We also monitor the load of the clay on the coating, as well as the pressure and chemical evolution of the water in the pores.â</p><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph">Séverine: âThe aim is to confirm and refine what we already know about the behaviour of clay. We want to prove that the models established from previous, smaller-scale experiments are still applicable on the scale and under the conditions representative of actual disposal. Studies have shown that an experiment lasting 10 years is sufficient to draw reliable conclusions about the effect of heat on the mechanical stability of clay. Regarding geological disposal, the maximum temperature is reached after approximately ten years, after which it decreases very slowly.â</p><h2 class="text-brand-green text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4 font-bold">Confirmation of knowledge acquired</h2><div class="relative mb-4 sm:mb-6 z-10 w-full sm:float-left sm:mr-6 sm:w-1/2"><div class="mb-4 sm:mb-6 aspect-[16/10]" style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMTUwIiBoZWlnaHQ9Ijc2MyI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLFgoLDh0QDhYNFhUSEhUVGRUZGCITFhUmHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABAAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBQMEBgD/xAAgEAABBAEEAwAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIDBAUGE0FhEiNR/8QAFgEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAID/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AGm8BVePP4m88cDJDAD0osJYghO2OVZsVGutiUFSMy2cxYrv3ByimOqHegALkB//Z" style="object-fit:cover;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;
9left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:auto;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=0.25&w=1150 287w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=0.5&w=1150 575w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=0.75&w=1150 862w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150 1150w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=1.5&w=1150 1725w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150 2300w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=3&w=1150 3450w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=4&w=1150 4600w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=2&w=1150" alt="PRACLAY experiment" title="PRACLAY experiment" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover" loading="lazy" referrerPolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"/></picture></noscript></div><p class="text-sm sm:text-md caption text-brand-sage pb-4 relative after:absolute after:bottom-0 after:right-0 after:w-6 after:h-6 after:border-6 after:border-l-transparent after:border-t-transparent after:border-b-brand-ogre after:border-r-brand-ogre mt-4 sm:mt-6">Our measurements confirm the results obtained from experiments carried out on a smaller scale, as well as the knowledge already acquired about the behaviour of clay when subjected to heat.</p></div><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph"><strong>After ten years, as planned, heating was stopped. What are the next steps?</strong><br/>Séverine: âOn 3 November 2025, we stopped heating. As in a real disposal facility, the clay around the PRACLAY gallery will gradually begin to cool. In reality, the heat produced by the waste decreases slowly, and this cooling takes place over several centuries. In the case of PRACLAY, this process will only take a few years. This will enable us to access the gallery and collect new samples of the heated clay to determine whether its favourable properties have been retained. We will also examine the lining to determine whether it has been damaged by the temperatures and pressures to which it has been subjected. This aspect is important for the possibility of recovering waste that has been disposed of in a real facility.â</p><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph"><strong>Has the heating experiment already produced any results or conclusions?</strong><br/>Séverine: âOur measurements confirm the results obtained from experiments carried out on a smaller scale, as well as the knowledge already acquired about the behaviour of clay when subjected to heat. At this stage, we can state that the clay is not damaged when exposed to temperature variations in conditions representative of a disposal facility. In particular, it retains its very low permeability, keeping the water contained in its pores almost immobile. This is essential because this waste will continue to emit heat for years after disposal, and this must not compromise the facility's safety. In addition, no deterioration of the concrete lining of the gallery has been observed to date, which is important for the recovery of waste from a disposal facility.â</p><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph">Xavier: âPRACLAY was one of the first large-scale demonstrations of this type in clay, and in a layer of poorly indurated clay. Which makes it quite unique. The preparatory studies and their development attracted considerable international interest. In the meantime, similar projects have been set up in France and Switzerland, from which we are also learning. We regularly share the results of the PRACLAY experiment as part of bilateral exchanges with our German, French, Dutch and Swiss counterparts, and also as part of the joint European research programme EURAD, devoted to the long-term management of radioactive waste.â</p><p class="body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph"><a target="_blank" href="https://hadeslab.be/en">More info on the HADES website.</a></p></div></section><section><div class="w-full py-4 sm:py-8"><div class="mx-auto w-full max-w-7xl px-6 relative"><div class="grid mb-4 md:mb-0 gap-4 md:gap-12 grid-cols-1"><div class="teaser group relative w-full h-full flex flex-col transition-shadow duration-300 bg-brand-beige"><div class="overflow-hidden"></div><div class="p-8 md:p-12 flex flex-1 flex-col md:flex-row justify-between"><div class="flex flex-col flex-1"><h2 class="text-brand-green text-xl sm:text-2xl mb-4 sm:mb-4 font-bold text-brand-green">Long term sensor performance experiment in HADES</h2><div class="flex flex-wrap gap-2 flex-1 mb-4"><div><div class="text-white px-2 py-1 bg-white text-brand-green!"><p class="text-sm sm:text-base font-bold flex items-center gap-1">Diepe berging</p></div></div></div></div><div class="flex flex-wrap gap-6 items-center mt-6"><a class="inline-flex items-center justify-center font-medium transition-colors duration-200 px-6 py-4 rounded-sm bg-brand-green hover:bg-brand-green-500 text-white gap-2" href="https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1746430028-long-term-sensor-performance-experiment-in-hades.pdf" download="File" target="_blank"><span class="inline-flex items-center justify-center" style="height:20px;width:20px" role="presentation">
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24clay) and thermal insulation materials, was designed and installed with great care, as it had to withstand high temperatures and pressures. Hundreds of cables run through it, connected to the heating system and the various measuring instruments.â\"]}]],false]}]]}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L26\",null,{\"data\":{\"__typename\":\"GallerySectionRecord\",\"id\":\"RlGOanAJROyveLPc6LaYMg\",\"description\":{\"value\":{\"schema\":\"dast\",\"document\":{\"type\":\"root\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"\"}]}]}}},\"caption\":\"In short, we heated the PRACLAY gallery for ten years to maintain a constant temperature of 80°C in contact with the clay. \",\"images\":[{\"id\":\"a9NY8OX1QiKtqJV3SzWCtg\",\"responsiveImage\":{\"src\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-1.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150\",\"srcSet\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-1.jpg?dpr=0.25\u0026w=1150 172w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-1.jpg?dpr=0.5\u0026w=1150 344w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-1.jpg?dpr=0.75\u0026w=1150 516w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-1.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150 689w\",\"base64\":\"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgSDwoLDhgQDhkNGhULEhEYIxsZHhYVFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OEA4OEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAAIE/8QAHxAAAQQCAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQACAwQFBkFRERIx/8QAFgEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIE/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AKgxjLOwAFar2tNgzjJRwqiQ19hb69pa9be+2CelOc/hZmtsNjB+BRC4Cw9+Y8EqID//Z\",\"width\":689,\"height\":394,\"alt\":\"PRACLAY experiment\",\"title\":\"PRACLAY experiment\"}},{\"id\":\"ZJcPuCmSTE2YFlx7bDYyLA\",\"responsiveImage\":{\"src\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-2.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150\",\"srcSet\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-2.jpg?dpr=0.25\u0026w=1150 172w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-2.jpg?dpr=0.5\u0026w=1150 345w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-2.jpg?dpr=0.75\u0026w=1150 517w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-2.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150 690w\",\"base64\":\"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLChYLDhgWFQ0PGh0SFg0YFxYZGBYVFhUmHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAQFS8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAECA//EABwQAAEFAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAgMEBRESIv/EABYBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMEAv/EABcRAAMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABIRH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AHpMms2uPQSmpWijoNDSsbk8jYQA4oscyZ7S4qcTaXGYyfIB5QplsPr446oWh04f/9k=\",\"width\":690,\"height\":402,\"alt\":\"PRACLAY experiment\",\"title\":\"PRACLAY experiment\"}},{\"id\":\"G4rJoTBpTZ6pFtj2lJZrvw\",\"responsiveImage\":{\"src\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-4.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150\",\"srcSet\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-4.jpg?dpr=0.25\u0026w=1150 172w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-4.jpg?dpr=0.5\u0026w=1150 344w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-4.jpg?dpr=0.75\u0026w=1150 516w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366441-thermische-perturbaties-praclay-4.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150 688w\",\"base64\":\"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLEgoVDhgVDA0NDhoOFQoNFx8dGBYTFiEdHysjGh0oHRUiJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHA4QHC8oFh0vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAADAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADBQYBAP/EAB0QAAICAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIDAAEFExESMQT/xAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAgH/xAAXEQADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIR/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwCQ16D7cQbGi51VKVuMUYXFYYxdfT7DmkUEWKxTU6M1YxZDVczY2ow//9k=\",\"width\":688,\"height\"
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24od during which the temperature rises is a critical phase. Boom Clay is a material with very fine pores filled with water. When the temperature rises, the water expands faster than the clay, increasing the pressure. We had to make sure that this increase in water pressure wasn't going to damage the clay.â\"]}]],false]}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"t-2\",{\"className\":\"body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph\",\"children\":[false,[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-0\",{\"children\":[\"\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"t-0-br-0\",{}],\"\"]}],[\"$\",\"strong\",\"t-1\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-1\",{\"children\":[\"And what about measuring instruments?\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-2\",{\"children\":[\"\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"t-2-br-0\",{}],\"Xavier: âWe installed measuring instruments in boreholes several dozen metres deep in the clay, drilled from the underground laboratory. These devices are connected to the laboratory, where the data is recorded and then transmitted to the surface for processing. Thermometric sensors located in the boreholes around the gallery allow the temperature rise in the clay to be measured in minute detail. We also monitor the load of the clay on the coating, as well as the pressure and chemical evolution of the water in the pores.â\"]}]],false]}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"t-3\",{\"className\":\"body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph\",\"children\":[false,[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-0\",{\"children\":[\"Séverine: âThe aim is to confirm and refine what we already know about the behaviour of clay. We want to prove that the models established from previous, smaller-scale experiments are still applicable on the scale and under the conditions representative of actual disposal. Studies have shown that an experiment lasting 10 years is sufficient to draw reliable conclusions about the effect of heat on the mechanical stability of clay. Regarding geological disposal, the maximum temperature is reached after approximately ten years, after which it decreases very slowly.â\"]}]],false]}],[\"$\",\"h2\",\"t-4\",{\"className\":\"text-brand-green text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4 font-bold\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-0\",{\"children\":[\"Confirmation of knowledge acquired\"]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"t-5\",{\"className\":\"relative mb-4 sm:mb-6 z-10 w-full sm:float-left sm:mr-6 sm:w-1/2\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"data\":{\"src\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150\",\"srcSet\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=0.25\u0026w=1150 287w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=0.5\u0026w=1150 575w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=0.75\u0026w=1150 862w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150 1150w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=1.5\u0026w=1150 1725w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150 2300w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=3\u0026w=1150 3450w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=4\u0026w=1150 4600w\",\"base64\":\"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLFgoLDh0QDhYNFhUSEhUVGRUZGCITFhUmHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABAAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBQMEBgD/xAAgEAABBAEEAwAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIDBAUGE0FhEiNR/8QAFgEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAID/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AGm8BVePP4m88cDJDAD0osJYghO2OVZsVGutiUFSMy2cxYrv3ByimOqHegALkB//Z\",\"width\":1150,\"height\":763,\"alt\":\"PRACLAY experiment\",\"title\":\"PRACLAY experiment\"},\"layout\":\"responsive\",\"objectFit\":\"cover\",\"imgClassName\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"mb-4 sm:mb-6 aspect-[16/10]\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"text-sm sm:text-md caption text-brand-sage pb-4 relative after:absolute after:bottom-0 after:right-0 after:w-6 after:h-6 after:border-6 after:border-l-transparent after:border-t-transparent after:border-b-brand-ogre after:border-r-brand-ogre mt-4 sm:mt-6\",\"children\":\"Our measurements confirm the results obtained from experiments carried out on a smaller scale, as well as the knowledge already acquired about the behaviour of clay when subjected to heat.\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"t-6\",{\"className\":\"body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph\",\"children\":[false,[[\"$\",\"strong\",\"t-0\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-0\",{\"children\":[\"After ten years, as planned, heating was stopped. What are the next steps?\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-1\",{\"children\":[\"\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"t-1-br-0\",{}],\"Séverine: âOn 3 November 2025, we stopped heating. As in a real disposal facility, the clay around the PRACLAY gallery will gradually begin to cool. In reality, the heat produced by the waste decreases slowly, and this cooling takes place over several centuries. In the case of PRACLAY, this process will only take a few years. This will enable us to access the gallery and collect new samples of the heated clay to determine whether its favourable properties have been retained. We will also examine the lining to determine whether it has been damaged by the temperatures and pressures to which it has been subjected. This aspect is important for the possibility of recovering waste that has been disposed of in a real facility.â\"]}]],false]}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"t-8\",{\"className\":\"body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph\",\"children\":[false,[[\"$\",\"strong\",\"t-0\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-0\",{\"children\":[\"Has the heating experiment already produced any results or conclusions?\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-1\",{\"children\":[\"\",[\"$\",\"br\",\"t-1-br-0\",{}],\"Séverine: âOur measurements confirm the results obtained from experiments carried out on a smaller scale, as well as the knowledge already acquired about the behaviour of clay when subjected to heat. At this stage, we can state that the clay is not damaged when exp
24osed to temperature variations in conditions representative of a disposal facility. In particular, it retains its very low permeability, keeping the water contained in its pores almost immobile. This is essential because this waste will continue to emit heat for years after disposal, and this must not compromise the facility's safety. In addition, no deterioration of the concrete lining of the gallery has been observed to date, which is important for the recovery of waste from a disposal facility.â\"]}]],false]}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"t-9\",{\"className\":\"body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph\",\"children\":[false,[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-0\",{\"children\":[\"Xavier: âPRACLAY was one of the first large-scale demonstrations of this type in clay, and in a layer of poorly indurated clay. Which makes it quite unique. The preparatory studies and their development attracted considerable international interest. In the meantime, similar projects have been set up in France and Switzerland, from which we are also learning. We regularly share the results of the PRACLAY experiment as part of bilateral exchanges with our German, French, Dutch and Swiss counterparts, and also as part of the joint European research programme EURAD, devoted to the long-term management of radioactive waste.â\"]}]],false]}],[\"$\",\"p\",\"t-10\",{\"className\":\"body-text text-base sm:text-lg mb-4 sm:mb-6 underline-offset-4 text-brand-sage text-paragraph\",\"children\":[false,[[\"$\",\"$L1c\",\"t-0\",{\"href\":\"https://hadeslab.be/en\",\"target\":\"_blank\",\"tabIndex\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-0\",{\"children\":[\"More info on the HADES website.\"]}]]}]],false]}]]}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"w-full py-4 sm:py-8\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mx-auto w-full max-w-7xl px-6 relative\",\"children\":[false,[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"grid mb-4 md:mb-0 gap-4 md:gap-12 grid-cols-1\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L27\",\"ONQLPa8zSy6PfxfsKTGqew\",{\"headingLevel\":2,\"type\":\"publication\",\"title\":\"Long term sensor performance experiment in HADES\",\"isSingle\":true,\"color\":\"$undefined\",\"page\":{\"__typename\":\"PublicationRecord\",\"pageName\":\"Long term sensor performance experiment in HADES\",\"slug\":\"long-term-sensor-performance-experiment-in-hades\",\"_firstPublishedAt\":\"2025-05-05T09:27:57+02:00\",\"publicationTypes\":[{\"id\":\"U1gkIVzzRWCPCrmqbMlIjA\",\"title\":\"Diepe berging\"}],\"publicationDocument\":{\"url\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1746430028-long-term-sensor-performance-experiment-in-hades.pdf\",\"title\":null,\"alt\":null},\"_allSlugLocales\":[{\"locale\":\"fr\",\"value\":\"long-term-sensor-performance-experiment-in-hades\"},{\"locale\":\"nl\",\"value\":\"long-term-sensor-performance-experiment-in-hades\"}]},\"tags\":\"$5:1:props:children:1:props:children:1:3:props:children:props:children:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:page:publicationTypes\",\"document\":\"$5:1:props:children:1:props:children:1:3:props:children:props:children:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:page:publicationDocument\"}]]}],null]}]}]}]],null]}],\"$L28\",[\"$\",\"style\",null,{\"id\":\"flx-styles\",\"children\":\"\\n /* Form labels */\\n #flxml_frm \u003e table \u003e tbody \u003e tr \u003e td:nth-child(1) { \\n font-size: 24px !important; \\n }\\n\\n /* Form input elements */\\n #flxml_frm input[type=\\\"text\\\"] { \\n font-size: 24px !important; \\n }\\n\\n /* Form submit button */\\n #flxml_frm button[type=\\\"submit\\\"] { \\n font-size: 24px !important; \\n }\\n \"}]]}]]\n"])</script>
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24<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"28:[\"$\",\"footer\",null,{\"className\":\"bg-brand-beige mt-12\",\"children\":[null,[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"md:py-24 py-8\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mx-auto w-full max-w-7xl px-6 grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-3 gap-12\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"col-span-1\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L1c\",null,{\"href\":\"/en\",\"aria-label\":\"Homepage\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L1d\",null,{\"className\":\"h-12 w-auto mb-8\",\"src\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1741254410-niras-ondraf.png\",\"alt\":\"Niras Ondraf Logo\",\"title\":\"Niras Ondraf Logo\",\"width\":4127,\"height\":1190}]}],[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-0\",{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"p\",\"t-0\",{\"className\":\"text-sm sm:text-base text-brand-sage mb-8 text-paragraph\",\"children\":[false,[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"t-0\",{\"children\":[\"Contact\"]}]],false]}]]}]],[\"$\",\"$L1f\",null,{\"page\":{\"_allSlugLocales\":[{\"locale\":\"en\",\"value\":\"start-of-praclay-cooling-phase\"},{\"locale\":\"fr\",\"value\":\"debut-phase-refroidissement-praclay\"},{\"locale\":\"nl\",\"value\":\"start-afkoelingsfase-praclay\"}],\"seo\":[{\"attributes\":null,\"content\":\"PRACLAY experiment: start of the cooling phase in HADES\",\"tag\":\"title\"},{\"attributes\":{\"property\":\"og:title\",\"content\":\"PRACLAY experiment: start of the cooling phase in HADES\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"name\":\"twitter:title\",\"content\":\"PRACLAY experiment: start of the cooling phase in HADES\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"name\":\"description\",\"content\":\"What effect does the heat released by high-level waste disposed of underground have on a deep clay layer?\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"property\":\"og:description\",\"content\":\"What effect does the heat released by high-level waste disposed of underground have on a deep clay layer?\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"name\":\"twitter:description\",\"content\":\"What effect does the heat released by high-level waste disposed of underground have on a deep clay layer?\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"property\":\"og:image\",\"content\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?auto=format\u0026fit=max\u0026w=1200\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"property\":\"og:image:width\",\"content\":\"634\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"property\":\"og:image:height\",\"content\":\"449\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"property\":\"og:image:alt\",\"content\":\"Séverine Levasseur en Xavier Sillen\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"name\":\"twitter:image\",\"content\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?auto=format\u0026fit=max\u0026w=1200\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"name\":\"twitter:image:alt\",\"content\":\"Séverine Levasseur en Xavier Sillen\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"property\":\"og:locale\",\"content\":\"en\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"property\":\"og:type\",\"content\":\"article\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"property\":\"og:site_name\",\"content\":\"NIRAS-ONDRAF\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"property\":\"article:modified_time\",\"content\":\"2026-01-26T14:54:59Z\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"property\":\"article:publisher\",\"content\":\"\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"},{\"attributes\":{\"name\":\"twitter:card\",\"content\":\"summary\"},\"content\":null,\"tag\":\"meta\"}],\"id\":\"WaitFkxLS1qZNPJ5MVHjkw\",\"__typename\":\"BlogRecord\",\"parent\":null,\"title\":\"Start of PRACLAY cooling phase \",\"teaserDescription\":{\"__typename\":\"BlogModelTeaserDescriptionField\",\"value\":{\"schema\":\"dast\",\"document\":{\"type\":\"root\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"At the HADES laboratory, researchers are studying how a deep clay layer would react to the heat generated by high-level radioactive waste intended for geological disposal. After ten years of heating, the cooling phase has begun.\"}]}]}}},\"blogIcon\":{\"iconName\":\"onderzoek\"}
24,\"themeTags\":[{\"id\":\"ZcAhQ4_ATL2K-ZCq5sgQiw\",\"title\":\"Research\"},{\"id\":\"MZng8PAjRwykVhKXWjekYA\",\"title\":\"Deep disposal\"}],\"introduction\":{\"value\":{\"schema\":\"dast\",\"document\":{\"type\":\"root\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"At the HADES underground laboratory in Mol, a large-scale, long-term experiment is enabling researchers to assess the influence of geological disposal of heat-generating high-level waste on a deep clay layer. After a 10-year heating phase, the cooling phase has now begun. Séverine Levasseur and Xavier Sillen look back at the PRACLAY experience and discuss the next steps.\"}]}]}}},\"headerImage\":{\"id\":\"Nei1EYrHRLOf_gyTdbpTXg\",\"responsiveImage\":{\"src\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=2\u0026w=1150\",\"srcSet\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=0.25\u0026w=1150 158w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=0.5\u0026w=1150 317w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=0.75\u0026w=1150 475w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1762168778-severine-et-xavier.png?dpr=2\u0026w=1150 634w\",\"base64\":\"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBhYICAgLFgsLEQ4aDQ0NGhYNDgoNFxUlGBYfFhoaHysjHSkoHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OGRAKHC8cFh0vNS8vLy8vLy8vLy8vNS8vLy8vLy81Ly8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABEAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAEAAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAUBAwb/xAAeEAACAgICAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAEDBRECNBIxM//EABcBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMCBAH/xAAZEQADAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQMCEQT/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/ALbIucK3dkavMcJY8SJlr6oc1MmEKl7mNzJNt8KmsstVLKb3dyAnUvwd9gFXKeMnNZnum7E/cwDvoBiWy/eABiHZ/9k=\",\"width\":634,\"height\":449,\"alt\":\"Séverine Levasseur en Xavier Sillen\",\"title\":\"Séverine Levasseur en Xavier Sillen\"}},\"sections\":{\"sections\":[{\"__typename\":\"RichTextSectionRecord\",\"id\":\"R19HY8uhQeSNQSvv2g56wg\",\"structuredText\":{\"value\":{\"schema\":\"dast\",\"document\":{\"type\":\"root\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\"What is the aim of the PRACLAY experiment?\\n\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Xavier: âHigh-level waste releases heat over many years. Although this heat generation decreases over time, it takes several centuries for it to become negligible. The aim of the PRACLAY experiment is to demonstrate that a deep clay layer could withstand the heat generated by the disposal of this type of waste underground. The properties that make clay a suitable host rock for geological disposal must be preserved despite the rise in temperature around the disposal galleries.â\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Séverine: âIn concrete terms, we are recreating the effects of disposing of heat-emitting waste in a deep layer of clay by heating a 1.9-metre-wide gallery over a length of 30 metres. The experiment is being carried out in HADES, at temperatures comparable to those that would be reached in a geological disposal facility. The size of the heated gallery and the length of the experiment also ensure a realistic representation of this type of disposal. The results obtained are essential for research into geological disposal in poorly indurated clay layers such as Boom Clay or Ieper Clay, two potential host rocks in Belgium.â\"}]},{\"item\":\"a5fezGbBTxix3bBCDAHlow\",\"type\":\"block\"},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\"The PRACLAY experiment was also an opportunity to observe the effect of excavations on clay.\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"\\nXavier: âPrecisely. The construction of the PRACLAY gallery in 2007 has already demonstrated that it is possible to dig galleries perpendicular to a main gallery using industrial techniques. During the excavation work, we monitored changes in the clay layer using measuring instruments that had been installed beforehand. This enabled the team to map the disturbances caused by the digging with great accuracy. We also fitted the concrete lining of the PRACLAY gallery with sensors that continuously record, among other things, the pressure exerted by the clay. This data is extremely useful for designing the disposal facility.â\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"level\":2,\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Heating to up to 80 degrees\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\"A heating system was then installed. Can you tell us more?\\n\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Xavier: âWe obviously didn't place any waste in the PRACLAY gallery but reproduced the heat it would give off with a double heating system. Electric heating cables were installed on the surface of the gallery's concrete lining. As these cables cannot be replaced during the experiment, a second system, removable and located in the centre of the gallery, has been designed as a back-up solution so that heat generation can be fully ensured if necessary. After installing the heating system, we filled the gallery with water-saturated sand and completely isolated it from the main gallery.â\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Séverine: âTo recreate the conditions of a geological repository as precisely as possible, it was crucial to separate the heated section of the PRACLAY gallery from the rest of the underground laboratory during the experiment. A waterproof and insulating structure has been installed for this purpose. The metal structure, which also incorporates bentonite (an industrial
24clay) and thermal insulation materials, was designed and installed with great care, as it had to withstand high temperatures and pressures. Hundreds of cables run through it, connected to the heating system and the various measuring instruments.â\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"\"}]}]}},\"links\":[],\"blocks\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageBlockRecord\",\"id\":\"a5fezGbBTxix3bBCDAHlow\",\"requiredImage\":{\"id\":\"FKnC6O5PTLaWxbDV9XAM_Q\",\"responsiveImage\":{\"src\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150\",\"srcSet\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=0.25\u0026w=1150 287w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=0.5\u0026w=1150 575w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=0.75\u0026w=1150 862w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268-diepebergingsinstallatie-onderzoek.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150 1150w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1742209268
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How exactly does it work?\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"\\nSéverine: âIn short, we heated the PRACLAY gallery for ten years to maintain a constant temperature of 80°C in contact with the clay. This is the temperature expected when high-level waste is actually disposed of. We started heating the gallery at the end of 2014 and the power of the heating system was gradually increased until we reached the target temperature of 80°C.â\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Xavier: âInitially, the heating system faithfully reproduced the heat that would be emitted by potential waste. We then sped up the process, reaching 80°C in just nine months â a temperature that would not be reached in real storage for around ten years. All the studies show that for geological storage, the period during which the temperature rises is a critical phase. Boom Clay is a material with very fine pores filled with water. When the temperature rises, the water expands faster than the clay, increasing the pressure. We had to make sure that this increase in water pressure wasn't going to damage the clay.â\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"\\n\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\"And what about measuring instruments?\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"\\nXavier: âWe installed measuring instruments in boreholes several dozen metres deep in the clay, drilled from the underground laboratory. These devices are connected to the laboratory, where the data is recorded and then transmitted to the surface for processing. Thermometric sensors located in the boreholes around the gallery allow the temperature rise in the clay to be measured in minute detail. We also monitor the load of the clay on the coating, as well as the pressure and chemical evolution of the water in the pores.â\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Séverine: âThe aim is to confirm and refine what we already know about the behaviour of clay. We want to prove that the models established from previous, smaller-scale experiments are still applicable on the scale and under the conditions representative of actual disposal. Studies have shown that an experiment lasting 10 years is sufficient to draw reliable conclusions about the effect of heat on the mechanical stability of clay. Regarding geological disposal, the maximum temperature is reached after approximately ten years, after which it decreases very slowly.â\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"level\":2,\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Confirmation of knowledge acquired\"}]},{\"item\":\"IJmjNN9iQSSyE_kECKu98w\",\"type\":\"block\"},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\"After ten years, as planned, heating was stopped. What are the next steps?\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"\\nSéverine: âOn 3 November 2025, we stopped heating. As in a real disposal facility, the clay around the PRACLAY gallery will gradually begin to cool. In reality, the heat produced by the waste decreases slowly, and this cooling takes place over several centuries. In the case of PRACLAY, this process will only take a few years. This will enable us to access the gallery and collect new samples of the heated clay to determine whether its favourable properties have been retained. We will also examine the lining to determine whether it has been damaged by the temperatures and pressures to which it has been subjected. This aspect is important for the possibility of recovering waste that has been disposed of in a real facility.â\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\"Has the heating experiment already produced any results or conclusions?\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"\\nSéverine: âOur measurements confirm the results obtained from experiments carried out on a smaller scale, as well as the knowledge already acquired about the behaviour of clay when subjected to heat. At this stage, we can state that the clay is not damaged when exp
24osed to temperature variations in conditions representative of a disposal facility. In particular, it retains its very low permeability, keeping the water contained in its pores almost immobile. This is essential because this waste will continue to emit heat for years after disposal, and this must not compromise the facility's safety. In addition, no deterioration of the concrete lining of the gallery has been observed to date, which is important for the recovery of waste from a disposal facility.â\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Xavier: âPRACLAY was one of the first large-scale demonstrations of this type in clay, and in a layer of poorly indurated clay. Which makes it quite unique. The preparatory studies and their development attracted considerable international interest. In the meantime, similar projects have been set up in France and Switzerland, from which we are also learning. We regularly share the results of the PRACLAY experiment as part of bilateral exchanges with our German, French, Dutch and Swiss counterparts, and also as part of the joint European research programme EURAD, devoted to the long-term management of radioactive waste.â\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"url\":\"https://hadeslab.be/en\",\"meta\":[{\"id\":\"target\",\"value\":\"_blank\"}],\"type\":\"link\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"More info on the HADES website.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"\"}]}]}},\"links\":[],\"blocks\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageBlockRecord\",\"id\":\"IJmjNN9iQSSyE_kECKu98w\",\"requiredImage\":{\"id\":\"Dmud9XFbQLyx6b7EE455cQ\",\"responsiveImage\":{\"src\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150\",\"srcSet\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=0.25\u0026w=1150 287w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=0.5\u0026w=1150 575w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=0.75\u0026w=1150 862w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150 1150w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=1.5\u0026w=1150 1725w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=2\u0026w=1150 2300w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=3\u0026w=1150 3450w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/151156/1744366444-thermische-perturbaties.jpg?dpr=4\u0026w=1150 4600w\",\"base64\":\"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLFgoLDh0QDhYNFhUSEhUVGRUZGCITFhUmHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABAAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBQMEBgD/xAAgEAABBAEEAwAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIDBAUGE0FhEiNR/8QAFgEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAID/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AGm8BVePP4m88cDJDAD0osJYghO2OVZsVGutiUFSMy2cxYrv3ByimOqHegALkB//Z\",\"width\":1150,\"height\":763,\"alt\":\"PRACLAY experiment\",\"title\":\"PRACLAY experiment\"}},\"caption\":\"Our measurements confirm the results obtained from experiments carried out on a smaller scale, as well as the knowledge already acquired about the behaviour of clay when subjected to heat.\",\"imageType\":\"small_left\",\"imageOrientation\":\"landscape\"}]}},{\"__typename\":\"PublicationTeaserSectionRecord\",\"id\":\"I0vclmjAQDCheguqgMi4ZQ\",\"teaserSectionTitle\":\"\",\"teaserSectionButton\":null,\"teaserSectionDescription\":{\"value\":{\"schema\":\"dast\",\"document\":{\"type\":\"root\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"\"}]}]}}},\"pageTeasers\":[{\"__typename\":\"PublicationTeaserRecord\",\"id\":\"ONQLPa8zSy6PfxfsKTGqew\",\"publicationTeaserPage\":\"$5:1:props:children:1:props:children:1:3:props:children:props:children:props:children:1:props:children:0:props:page\"}],\"highlight\":\"none\"}]},\"blogTitle\":\"PRACLAY cooling phase begins in the underground laboratory\",\"publicationDate\":\"2025-11-03\",\"lastUpdated\":null,\"_firstPublishedAt\":\"2025-10-31T15:22:46+01:00\",\"sortDate\":\"2025-11-03\"},\"locale\":\"en\",\"domains\":[{\"domain\":\"www.niras.be\",\"defaultLocale\":\"nl\",\"locales\":[\"nl\"]},{\"domain\":\"www.ondraf.be\",\"defaultLocale\":\"fr\",\"locales\":[\"fr\"]},{\"domain\":\"www.neras.be\",\"defaultLocale\":\"de\",\"locales\":[\"de\"]},{\"domain\":\"www.nirasondraf.be\",\"defaultLocale\":\"en\",\"locales\":[\"en\"]}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mb-8 flex flex-col gap-3\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"flex gap-3\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"min-w-6\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"inline-flex items-center justify-center text-brand-green\",\"style\":{\"height\"
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