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background-color: rgb(68, 121, 217);"></div> 166 167 <div class="align-center container"> 168 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 169 <div class="col-12 col-lg-10"> 170 <h1 class="mbr-section-title mbr-fonts-style mbr-white mb-3 display-1"> 171 <strong> 172 Phases 173 </strong> 174 </h1> 175 </div> 176 </div> 177 </div> 178</section> 179 180<section class="content4 cid-stONsho1WE" id="content4-y"> 181 <div class="container"> 182 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 183 <div class="title col-md-12 col-lg-10"> 184 <h3 class="mbr-section-title mbr-fonts-style align-center mb-4 display-2"> 185 <strong></strong> 186 </h3> 187 <h5 class="mbr-section-subtitle mbr-fonts-style align-center mb-0 mt-2 display-5"> </h5> 188 </div> 189 </div> 190 </div> 191</section> 192 193<section class="cd-horizontal-timeline tl-45" id="timeline-a"> 194 <div class="timeline"> 195 <div class="events-wrapper"> 196 <div class="events"> 197 <ol style="list-style: none !important;"> 198 <li>
198<a href="#0" data-date="01/01/1000" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important" class="selected"> 199 5000â3900<br>(VIII) 200 </a></li> 201 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1015" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 202 3900â3400<br>(VII) 203 </a></li> 204 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1030" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 205 3400â3200<br>(VI A) 206 </a></li> 207 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1045" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 208 3200â3100<br>(VI B1) 209 </a></li> 210 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1060" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 211 3100â2750<br>(VI B2) 212 </a></li> 213 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1075" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 214 2750â2500<br>(VI C) 215 </a></li> 216 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1090" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 217 2500â2000<br>(VI D) 218 </a></li> 219 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1105" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 220 2000â1750<br>(V A) 221 </a></li> 222 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1120" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 223 1700â1400<br>(V B) 224 </a></li> 225 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1135" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 226 1400â1200<br>(IV) 227 </a></li> 228 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1150" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 229 1200â850<br>(III) 230 </a></li> 231 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1165" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 232 850-712<br>(II) 233 </a></li> 234 <li><a href="#0" data-date="15/01/1170" style="font-size:0.8rem; !important"> 235 650 a.C.-1100 d.C.<br>(I) 236 </a></li> 237 </ol> 238 239 <span class="filling-line" aria-hidden="true"></span> 240 </div> <!-- .events --> 241 </div> <!-- .events-wrapper --> 242 243 <ul class="cd-timeline-navigation" style="list-style: none !important;"> 244 <li><a href="#0" class="prev inactive">Prev</a></li> 245 <li><a href="#0" class="next">Next ></a></li> 246 </ul> <!-- .cd-timeline-navigation --> 247 </div> <!-- .timeline --> 248 249 <div class="events-content"> 250 <ol style="list-style: none !important;">
251 <li class="selected" data-date="01/01/1000"> 252 <h2> 253 First occupation of the site 254 </h2> 255 <em>5000 â 3900 (VIII)</em> 256 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 257 <div class="container-fluid"> 258 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 259 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 260 <div class="container-fluid"> 261 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 262 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/1/1_VIII_fase2.jpg" data-fancybox="images" data-caption="Fig. 1. Plan of domestic area with central courtyard, kitchen and other house rooms" alt="planimetria"> 263 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/1/1_VIII_fase2.jpg" class="p-0" style="!important;border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 264 </a> 265 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/1/ARS_2376.jpg" data-fancybox="images" data-caption="Fig. 2. Bone seal and its impression on plasteline" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 266 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/1/ARS_2376.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 267 </a> 268 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/1/ARS_2603.jpg" data-fancybox="images" data-caption="Fig. 3. General view of the burnt kitchen" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 269 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/1/ARS_2603.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 270 </a> 271 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/1/ARS_2604.jpg" data-fancybox="images" data-caption="Fig. 4. Close up view of the kitchen, with the oven to the right and the two hearths against" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 272 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/1/ARS_2604.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 273 </a> 274 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/1/ARS_2667.jpg" data-fancybox="images" data-caption="Fig. 5. Bone seal" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 275 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/1/ARS_2667.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 276 </a> 277 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/1/ARS_3211.jpg" data-fancybox="images" data-caption="Fig. 6. Pottery of period VIII" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 278 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/1/ARS_3211.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 279 </a> 280 </div> 281 </div> 282 </div> 283 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 284 <div class="text-wrapper"> 285 <p> 286 287 The oldest levels currently reached by the archaeological excavation are related to the Late Chalcolithic 2 period, dated to the end of the fifth millennium BCE. <br><br> 288 These levels are characterized by different levels of anthropic frequentation, of an essentially domestic nature. The dwellings are characterized by the presence of courtyards around which grow several rooms, and among which a kitchen is always present. This is clearly identified by the constant presence of a dome-shaped oven, sometimes accompanied by hearths, and slab-stones and pestles for processing cereals.<br><br> 289 Traces of painted plaster were found on the mudbrick walls. Renovations are continuous, as evidenced by additions and modifications to the walls.<br><br> 290 The pottery of these levels shows clear parallels with the contemporary developments of the southwestern regions (Gaziantep and Amuq).<br> 291 Characteristic is a black or purple kitchen-pottery, with an entirely scratched outer surface. 292 293 </p> 294 </div> 295 </div> 296 </div> 297 </div> 298 </section> 299 </li> 300 301 <li data-date="15/01/1015"> 302 <h2> 303 The background to centralisation: the emergence of the élites and the ideological-religious component 304 </h2> 305 <em>3900 â 3400 (VII)</em> 306 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery6-12"> 307 <div class="container-fluid"> 308 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 309 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 310 <div class="container-fluid"> 311 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 312 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/2_VII.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 1. Plan of the elite residential quarter" alt="planimetria"> 313 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/2_VII.jpg" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 314 </a> 315 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS_1261.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 2. Mass produced bowl
315s of period VII" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 316 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS_1261.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 317 </a> 318 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS_1332.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 3. Red slipped beakers and bowls" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 319 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS_1332.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 320 </a> 321 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS_4453.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 4. Red slipped chaff tempered ware of period VII" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 322 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS_4453.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 323 </a> 324 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS_5754.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 5. Mass produced bowls" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 325 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS_5754.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 326 </a> 327 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS_5912.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 6. Potterâs mark on a mass produced bowl testifying for the presence of specialized ceramic workshops" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 328 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS_5912.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 329 </a> 330 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS180349.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 7. Hypothetical reconstruction of the façade of Temple C" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 331 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS180349.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 332 </a> 333 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS180424.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 8. Reconstruction of the interior of Temple C" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 334 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/ARS180424.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 335 </a> 336 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/BOB_4215.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 3. Mass produced bowls" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 337 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/BOB_4215.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 338 </a> 339 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/FigI25.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 10. Interior of central hall of Temple D" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 340 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/FigI25.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 341 </a> 342 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/OB_6769.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 11. Pedestal bowls of period VII" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 343 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/OB_6769.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 344 </a> 345 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/2/tempio_c.jpg" data-fancybox="images1" data-caption="Fig. 12. Interior of central hall of Temple C" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt="planimetria"> 346 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/2/tempio_c.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 347 </a> 348 </div> 349 </div> 350 </div> 351 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 352 <div class="text-wrapper"> 353 <p> 354 355 The first occupation of Arslantepe dates back at least to the sixth millennium BCE but the oldest levels of the settlement reached over large extensions refer to the Late Chalcolithic, Periods VIII (4200-3900 BCE) and VII (3800-3400 BCE) of the sequence of the site. Period VII comprises 7 levels of settlement, with archaeological evidence testifying to the central role of the site in the Malatya region and its direct participation in the formation of the proto-state societies of the Near East.<br> 356 In the north-eastern area of the hill there are mudbrick dwellings of one or two rooms, in some cases decorated with geometric paintings in red, black and white, craft areas with ovens, and burials under the floors of the houses.<br><br> 357 Higher up, on the top of the tell were placed the monumental buildings with 1-1.20 m thick mudbrick walls, articulated in functionally diversified complexes. In the northernmost area there were craft and storage areas, and private buildings, including a large building with traces of geometric paintings in red and black and plastered mudbrick columns along the walls. On the floor of the building symbolic or prestigious objects such as a limestone mace head and a ceramic object similar to the âidols eyesâ of Tepe Gawra and Tell Brak were found.<br><br> 358 South of this structure but dated to a later phase was a large building with a tripartite plan, probably a temple, measuring 22 x 20 m and was elevated on a platform of large stone slabs and mud; the plan is typically Mesopotamian whilst the foundations and platform are as of today unique. The materials found inside are local: hundreds of bowls found in this temple and in the buildings connected to it, which, unlike the Mesopotamian one
358s, are made on the slow-speed potteryâs wheel. Along with the bowls numerous cretulae with seal impressions were also found, a sign that in the building food redistribution activities were carried out in a ceremonial context, possible as compensation for work practiced.<br> 359 Specialized craft activities, such as metallurgy and mass-produced pottery, suggest complex forms of work organization, though not yet under central control, as the numerous recognized pottery workshops would suggest.<br><br> 360 The Late Chalcolithic culture of Arslantepe has strong similarities with that of other sites in northwestern Syria and the Amuq plain. There are many elements of connection with the contemporary cultures of Upper Mesopotamia, but the extensive relations with the southern areas that had characterized the previous period of Ubaid are absent. 361 362 </p> 363 </div> 364 </div> 365 </div> 366 367 </div> 368 </section> 369 </li> 370 371 <li data-date="15/01/1030"> 372 <h2> 373 The emergence of the Palace at the end of the IV millennium BCE. 374 </h2> 375 <em>3400 â 3100 (VI A)</em> 376 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 377 <div class="container-fluid"> 378 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 379 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 380 <div class="container-fluid"> 381 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 382 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/3/Arsl 2015_Period VIA colour.jpg" data-fancybox="images2" data-caption="Caption n1" alt="planimetria"> 383 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/3/Arsl 2015_Period VIA colour.jpg" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 384 </a> 385 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_0332.jpg" data-fancybox="images2" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 386 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_0332.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 387 </a> 388 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_0471.jpg" data-fancybox="images2" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 389 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_0471.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 390 </a> 391 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_0522.jpg" data-fancybox="images2" data-caption="Caption n3" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 392 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_0522.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 393 </a> 394 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_0801.jpg" data-fancybox="images2" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 395 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_0801.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 396 </a> 397 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_1239.jpg" data-fancybox="images2" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 398 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_1239.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 399 </a> 400 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_1259.jpg" data-fancybox="images2" data-caption="Caption n6" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 401 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_1259.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 402 </a> 403 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_1276.jpg" data-fancybox="images2" data-caption="Caption n7" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 404 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_1276.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 405 </a> 406 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_1278.jpg" data-fancybox="images2" data-caption="Caption n8" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 407 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_1278.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 408 </a> 409 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_1292.jpg" data-fancybox="images2" data-caption="Caption n9" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 410 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/3/ARS_1292.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 411 </a> 412 </div> 413 </div> 414 </div> 415 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 416 <div class="text-wrapper"> 417 <p> 418 419 In the last centuries of the IV millennium at Arslantepe a grand development of that system of centralization and redistribution of goods already recognizable around the middle of the fourth millennium BCE in the great Chalcolithic temple (period VII) is attested, becoming also a system of strengthening central political power and the elites who represented it.<br><br> 420 To this period, corresponding to the Late Uruk phase in Mesopotamia, refers the construction of a large monumental public architectural complex, which, because of its articulation into functionally and architecturally differentiated sectors (temples, storerooms, areas for unloading administrative material, courtyard, corri
420dors) can be considered the first known example of a âpalaceâ in the entire Near East with planned areas for the exercise of the main public, religious, and secular functions.<br><br> 421 The whole area was dominated by a large monumental ceremonial building, probably used for receptions, at the highest part of the ancient hillside, and at the highest part of the palace, at the end of a long corridor leading to it, directly from the entrance. Two temples were also located on the highest parts of the ancient hillside, but it was probably reserved for the elites, while access to the main building must have been granted to all. The plan and dimensions of the two temples at Arslantepe are almost identical and show features of originality that make these structures, while generically falling within a tradition shared by all regions of so-called âGreater Mesopotamia,â obey needs and customs of local origin.<br><br> 422 The palace was entered through a monumental chambered door and a sharply rising corridor under the floor of which runs a covered channel for water drainage. Evident everywhere are traces of a fire with collapses that have preserved all the materials in place. 423 424 <br><br> 425 426 Pictorial representations in red and black on the white plaster background decorated the palaceâs walls with complex scenes and motifs that included human and animal figures arranged near the entrances and along the walls of the large entrance corridor.<br><br> 427The second half of the IV millennium also witnessed a significant development of metallurgy, evidenced by the discovery of a wide range of objects made of copper, copper-arsenic alloys, and silver, among which a group of 22 weapons, swords, spears, and a quadruple-spiral plaque stand out, documenting, among other things, for the first time the use of the sword in the world. Although the recipients of the products of this craftsmanship must essentially have been local elites, the intensified production was linked to the ability of the Arslantepe center to actively enter the circuit of circulation of raw materials throughout Eastern Anatolia and Transcaucasia and to broker trade with Mesopotamian centers at a time when their demand for metal must have been increasing.<br><br> 428Thousands of cretulae document the extraordinary complexity of administrative organization in the palace of Arslantepe with seal impressions found in various places in the palatial complex, where they attest to different phases of activities. Some were in situ in one of the palace storerooms, and others piled up in dump sites. In a small room carved out inside the large wall of the corridor in front of the storerooms, an exceptional deposit of about two thousand cretulae was discovered, which had been neatly dumped after being collected by homogeneous groups bearing the same seal and the impressions of the same containers. These cretulae constituted a discarded archive and offered an extraordinary amount of information about the administrative system in use and the art of seal engraving at the end of the IV millennium.<br><br> 429The storage sector uncovered so far has yielded two warehouses, showing the two main phases of the collection and redistribution of goods: one room was used for storage and contained almost exclusively food vessels, large containers, and bottles; another, smaller room, probably intended for redistribution, alongside some large vessels, has yielded hundreds of mass-produced cretulae and bowls. In this room, collection operations with opening and closing containers by sealing and distributing foodstuffs, using the bowls as containers of defined size, must have frequently taken place under the control of officials.<br><br> 430Food collection and redistribution activities must also have taken place in the two palace temples, as suggested by the numerous vessels found in situ in the side rooms (Temple A) and the main hall (Temple B), as well as some cretulae. The interior architectural elements of these buildings (altars, basins, podiums) and the presence near the altars of cups on pierced feet (the so-called âfruit-bearersâ
430), together with the dislocation of the vessels and the small number of cretulae, indicate that here such activities must have been clothed in a ceremonial character. 431 432 </p> 433 </div> 434 </div> 435 </div> 436 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 437 <div class="col-12 col-lg-12"> 438 <div class="text-wrapper pt-5"> 439 <p> 440 441 </p> 442 </div> 443 444 445 </div> 446 </div> 447 </div> 448 </section> 449 </li> 450 451 <li data-date="15/01/1045"> 452 <h2> 453 Crises and instability at the beginning of the third millennium 454 </h2> 455 <em>3100 â 3000 (VI B1)</em> 456 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 457 <div class="container-fluid"> 458 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 459 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 460 <div class="container-fluid"> 461 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 462 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/4-VIB1_fase6.jpg" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n1" alt="planimetria"> 463 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/4-VIB1_fase6.jpg" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 464 </a> 465 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/ARS_1362.jpg" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 466 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/ARS_1362.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 467 </a> 468 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/BOB_4101.JPG" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n3" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 469 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/BOB_4101.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 470 </a> 471 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/BOB_4395.JPG" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 472 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/BOB_4395.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 473 </a> 474 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/DSC01218.JPG" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 475 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/DSC01218.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 476 </a> 477 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/edificio_collettivo.jpg" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 478 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/edificio_collettivo.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 479 </a> 480 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/IMG_4747.JPG" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 481 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/IMG_4747.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 482 </a> 483 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/_MG_8756.jpg" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 484 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/_MG_8756.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 485 </a> 486 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/tomba reale/armi_tomba.jpg" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 487 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/tomba reale/armi_tomba.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 488 </a> 489 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/tomba reale/ARS_1367.jpg" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 490 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/tomba reale/ARS_1367.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 491 </a> 492 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/tomba reale/Image2.jpg" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 493 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/tomba reale/Image2.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 494 </a> 495 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/4/tomba reale/tomba_reale.jpg" data-fancybox="images3" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 496 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/4/tomba reale/tomba_reale.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 497 </a> 498 </div> 499 </div> 500 </div> 501 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 502 <div class="text-wrapper"> 503 <p> 504 505 In Arslantepe the proto-urban experience came to an end around 3200 B.C.E.; the ruins of the collapsed public buildings were covered with layers of clean mud. On these, quadrangular huts with rounded corners were raised, consisting of a single room; the mud-plastered floors were usually at a slightly lower level than the external ground. The walls were made of wooden posts and reeds covered with clay to form the typical wattle-and-daub structure.<br><br> 506 In the highest part of the tell, however, there was a hut, much larger than others, internally divi
506ded into three rooms and isolated from the rest of the site by a long and thick wattle-and-daub dividing wall. Large quantities of bones have been found in the space outside the hut, suggesting this was a place where food remains were thrown. We suspect this might have been a chiefâs hut.<br><br> 507 Another special structure is on the other side of the long dividing wall. Different from the rest of the buildings in this phase, this structure is in mudbricks. The building has a central room with a large hearth. A second room was filled with more than 40 storage jars. This building was probably a meeting place, with a community storage facility.<br><br> 508 During this period, the site witnessed a radical change in material culture, with pottery that emphasizes the strong contacts that the community had with the Southern Caucasus, more than with Mesopotamia. 509 510 </p> 511 </div> 512 </div> 513 </div> 514 515 </div> 516 </section> 517 </li> 518 519 <li data-date="15/01/1060"> 520 <h2> 521 From shepherd village to a new urban experience 522 </h2> 523 <em>3000 â 2750 (VI B2)</em> 524 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 525 <div class="container-fluid"> 526 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 527 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 528 <div class="container-fluid"> 529 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 530 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/VIB2_tutto.jpg" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n1" alt="planimetria"> 531 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/VIB2_tutto.jpg" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 532 </a> 533 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/ARS_1371.jpg" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 534 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/ARS_1371.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 535 </a> 536 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/ARS_0585.jpg" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 537 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/ARS_0585.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 538 </a> 539 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/ARS_0670.jpg" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n3" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 540 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/ARS_0670.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 541 </a> 542 </a> 543 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/ARS_1377.jpg" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 544 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/ARS_1377.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 545 </a> 546 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8002.jpg" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 547 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8002.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 548 </a> 549 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8030.jpg" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 550 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8030.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 551 </a> 552 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8344.JPG" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 553 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8344.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 554 </a> 555 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8359.JPG" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 556 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8359.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 557 </a> 558 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8594.jpg" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 559 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8594.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 560 </a> 561 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8649.jpg" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 562 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/MG_8649.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 563 </a> 564 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/5/mura fortificazione.jpg" data-fancybox="images4" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 565 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/5/mura fortificazione.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 566 </a> 567 </div> 568 </div> 569 </div> 570 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 571 <div class="text-wrapper"> 572 <p> 573 574 In the last phase of the Early Bronze I (period VI B2), following the final abandonment of the village by the shepherds with strong contact with the southern caucasian world (VI B1 period), a town with mudbrick houses was built at the site. Houses were small and separated by roads and courtyards for various activities (slaughtering of animals, copper metallurgical activities). The domestic structures consisted of two or three rooms and were all very similar to each other; the rooms were equipped with different installations such as benches, running against the walls, plastered platforms, basins, or small pits containing grinding stones for cereal processing. In the center of the rooms was a typical circular hearth with a small central cavity, specially created to contain the embers.<br><br> 575 The settlement was destroyed by a violent fire and the floors of the houses and the outer spaces were almost entirely covered by charred grains, perhaps the remains of an entire harvest that was originally placed on the roofs and floors. In addition to wheat and barley, domestic vine remains, a
575wide variety of legumes, and other plants were found. 576The village stood on the slope of the ancient hill at the foot of a sort of citadel or acropolis, composed by a large 5m thick fortification wall. The layout of the village of the VI B2 reveals that the political organization of the town was completely different from that of the previous palatine system, where elites controlled the community economy, whilst here it is mostly military power to be exercised by chiefs. The importance of âmilitaryâ power is testified also by an extraordinary burial at the edge of the settlement, in which a warrior chieftain was buried with great ceremony. The tomb was in stone slabs, as more common in the caucasian world and it contained numerous rich metal objects. Four youths had been sacrificed on the stone covering the tomb. All these elements and the number of metal weapons testify to the change in nature of power, now strongly linked to warfare. 577 578Despite the intermediate stage (VIB1) characterized by the arrival on the mound of pastoral groups of trans-Caucasian origin, VIB2 shows a strong continuity in the ceramic tradition with that of the earlier Late Chalcolithic period. In this period, the presence of the red-black pottery decreased and next to it is the local wheel-made, light-colored ceramic of Mesopotamian inspiration. This repertoire is in fact characteristic of the Early Bronze I cultures throughout the Upper Euphrates valley. The VI B2 period in Arslantepe represents the last phase of relevant relations between the Malatya region and the Syro-Mesopotamian environment. The cultural relations between the regions to the north and south of the Taurus weakened considerably after the end of this period and the mountain range became not only a geographical but also a political and cultural barrier. 579 580 </p> 581 </div> 582 </div> 583 </div> 584 585 </div> 586 </section> 587 </li> 588 589 <li data-date="15/01/1075"> 590 <h2> 591 Eastern influences 592 </h2> 593 <em>2750 â 2500 (VI C)</em> 594 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 595 <div class="container-fluid"> 596 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 597 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 598 <div class="container-fluid"> 599 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 600 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/6/6 _VIC.JPG" data-fancybox="images5" data-caption="Caption n1" alt="planimetria"> 601 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/6/6 _VIC.JPG" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 602 </a> 603 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/6/ARS_0871.jpg" data-fancybox="images5" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 604 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/6/ARS_0871.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 605 </a> 606 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/6/ARS_1099.JPG" data-fancybox="images5" data-caption="Caption n3" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 607 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/6/ARS_1099.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 608 </a> 609 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/6/ARS_1102.JPG" data-fancybox="images5" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 610 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/6/ARS_1102.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 611 </a> 612 </div> 613 </div> 614 </div> 615 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 616 <div class="text-wrapper"> 617 <p> 618 619 The influence of the Southern Caucasus contributed to a profound change in the organizational structure and culture of the Upper Euphrates communities in the later developments of the Early Bronze Age. Wide regional networks broke up, into smaller and more separated communities with a less structured political and economic organization. The VI C period (2750-2500 BCE) at Arslantepe represents the beginning of a new cultural phase. The settlement narrows considerably, and the southwestern area of the mound becomes peripheral to the town proper; it is characterized by the presence of numerous wells and circular pits covered with mud. These are probably used by semi-mobile groups for food storage as well as for waste disposal. In rare cases, graves under the floors of houses have been found. <br><br> 620 The upper part of the tell is occupied by a complex of dwellings consisting of quadrangular and single-roomed structures, with stone foundations. The division of the interior space
620s and the domestic equipment changes considerably compared to the previous period: a new type of vaulted oven and horseshoe-shaped hearths. As far as material culture is concerned, we note the disappearance of the light-colored and wheel-made pottery of the previous phase. A new type of painted pottery, common also in the nearby Elazıg region, appears instead. Red-black pottery is still present but appears to be a local evolution of Transcaucasian production. That the groups occupying the Malatya plain at this time had some degree of mobility, is indicated also by the discovery of a small seasonal site on the rocky hills of Gelinciktepe in front of Arslantepe. 621 622 </p> 623 </div> 624 </div> 625 </div> 626 627 </div> 628 </section> 629 </li> 630 631 <li data-date="15/01/1090"> 632 <h2> 633 Toward a new walled city 634 </h2> 635 <em>2500 â 2000 (VI D)</em> 636 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 637 <div class="container-fluid"> 638 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 639 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 640 <div class="container-fluid"> 641 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 642 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/7/7_VID.jpg" data-fancybox="images6" data-caption="Caption n1" alt="planimetria"> 643 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/7/7_VID.jpg" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 644 </a> 645 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_0883.jpg" data-fancybox="images6" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 646 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_0883.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 647 </a> 648 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_1136.jpg" data-fancybox="images6" data-caption="Caption n3" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 649 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_1136.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 650 </a> 651 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_1137.jpg" data-fancybox="images6" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 652 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_1137.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 653 </a> 654 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_1413.jpg" data-fancybox="images6" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 655 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_1413.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 656 </a> 657 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_1480.jpg" data-fancybox="images6" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 658 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_1480.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 659 </a> 660 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_2422.jpg" data-fancybox="images6" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 661 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/7/ARS_2422.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 662 </a> 663 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/7/VID0001.jpg" data-fancybox="images6" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 664 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/7/VID0001.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 665 </a> 666 </div> 667 </div> 668 </div> 669 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 670 <div class="text-wrapper"> 671 <p> 672 673 From the middle of the third millennium BCE, the slope of the mound is gradually reoccupied. The new settlement, which shows a specific urban planning, is set on terraces and is characterized by large quadrangular structures separated by streets, squares and drainage systems. The shape of the houses, installations and construction techniques are comparable to those of other sites in northeastern Anatolia and will remain unchanged until the end of the millennium. In addition to these there are also several oval buildings, partially buried, the use of which is difficult to decode due to the absence of the most common furniture and installations (hearths, food processing utensils). The excavations have brought to light, at the edge of the town, an imposing mudbrick and stone wall with a semicircular bastion that certifies for the first time the construction of a real urban fortification, present at many other sites of this period throughout the region.<br><br> 674 The presence of the city walls indicates an increase in conflict, perhaps linked to competition between autonomous settlements. Although Arslantepe during the Early Bronze III was still the largest center of the Malatya region and probably its economic and political center, the internal
674characteristics of the town (lacking in real prominent public places) and the organization of craft production, stress that it was based on a relatively simple socio-economic system.<br><br> 675 The hand-made pottery shows a strong continuity with the previous period: both the red-black and the painted pottery continue to be produced. Compared to the Early Bronze II period however (VI C), the models become more standardized and the production more cared of. In particular, the painted pottery is of sophisticated workmanship and has complex and codified motifs that were surely executed by specialists, with a wide circulation of products within the Malatya and Elazig regions. The only indication of wider-range contacts are rare examples of grey wheel-made pottery of Syrian origin and the presence of equally rare examples of painted Arslantepe-type pottery in Central Anatolia. Metallurgy is still used, as indicated by the discovery of a foundry atelier with various crucibles and molds, but even in this case, the circulation of minerals seems more limited than in the past. 676 677 </p> 678 </div> 679 </div> 680 </div> 681 682 </div> 683 </section> 684 </li> 685 686 <li data-date="15/01/1105"> 687 <h2> 688 The Middle Bronze Age at Arslantepe 689 </h2> 690 <em>2000 â 1750 (V A)</em> 691 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 692 <div class="container-fluid"> 693 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 694 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 695 <div class="container-fluid"> 696 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 697 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/8/Ars_Origini_VII.jpg" data-fancybox="images7" data-caption="Caption n1" alt="planimetria"> 698 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/8/Ars_Origini_VII.jpg" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 699 </a> 700 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/8/Ars_Festschrift.jpg" data-fancybox="images7" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 701 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/8/Ars_Festschrift.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 702 </a> 703 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/8/Ars_Focolare_cavallo.jpg" data-fancybox="images7" data-caption="Caption n3" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 704 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/8/Ars_Focolare_cavallo.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 705 </a> 706 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/8/Ars_Focolare_scheletro.jpg" data-fancybox="images7" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 707 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/8/Ars_Focolare_scheletro.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 708 </a> 709 </div> 710 </div> 711 </div> 712 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 713 <div class="text-wrapper"> 714 <p> 715 716 Most of the evidence relating to this period has been brought to light in the southwestern area of the hill. The architectural structures found up to now are in fragmentary conditions and it is not possible for the moment to clearly define the shape and extent of the town, also because the complex stratigraphy of this phase has been strongly disturbed by dozens of pits. In the V A period there are two phases, V A1 and V A2, corresponding to the Middle Bronze I and II. In the most ancient phase various paved open areas have been recognized, cut by pits filled with clean clay that might have been used for some specific craftworks. To the more recent phase belongs instead a large domestic structure with a quadrangular plan at the center of which a monumental double horseshoe-shaped hearth had been built. In the house there were numerous large vessels for food and liquids and numerous loom weights. During the Middle Bronze Age the settlement of Arslantepe was defended by a system of double walls, well known in Central Anatolia. This fortification system consisted of a series of small chambers within a double row of stones.<br><br> 717 During the Middle Bronze Age new political entities appear in the Near East, such as the ancient Assyrian kingdom, which based part of their economic power on the control of the exchange routes and on the foundation of the first commercial outposts in the heart of Anatolia, of which the site of Kültepe-Kanesh is the best known example. It is probable that the regions of Malatya and ElaziÄ, thanks to the proximity with the mineral deposits of the Ergani Maden, were also directly involved in this same commercial network, even though as of today we have no direct indications of this at the site of Arslantepe. 718 719 </p> 720 </div> 721 </div> 722 </div> 723 724 </div> 725 </section> 726 </li> 727 728 <li data-date="15/01/1120"> 729 <h2> 730 Arslantepe at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age 731 </h2> 732 <em>1700â1400 (V B)</em> 733 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 734 <div class="container-fluid"> 735 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 736 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 737 <div class="container-fluid"> 738 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 739 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/9/0_gate.jpg" data-fancybox="images8" data-caption="Caption n1" alt="planimetria"> 740 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/9/0_gate.jpg" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 741 </a> 742 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/9/NORD_PORTA_URBICA_VB.jpg" data-fancybox="images8" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 743 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/9/NORD_PORTA_URBICA_VB.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 744 </a> 745 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/9/NORD_TERRAPIENO_VB.jpg" data-fancybox="images8" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 746 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/9/NORD_TERRAPIENO_VB.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 747 </a> 748 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A140-A143_VB.jpg" data-fancybox="images8" data-caption="Caption n3" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 749 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A140-A143_VB.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 750 </a> 751 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_1200_VB_materiali.JPG" data-fancybox="images8" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 752 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_1200_VB_materiali.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 753 </a> 754 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A257_VB.jpg" data-fancybox="images8" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 755 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A257_VB.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 756 </a> 757 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A257_VB1.jpg" data-fancybox="images8" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 758 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A257_VB1.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 759 </a> 760 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A1200_VB_1.JPG" data-fancybox="images8" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 761 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A1200_VB_1.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 762 </a> 763 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A1200_VB_materiali.jpg" data-fancybox="images8" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 764 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A1200_VB_materiali.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 765 </a> 766 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A1200_VB.JPG" data-fancybox="images8" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 767 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/9/SUD_A1200_VB.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 768 </a> 769 </div> 770 </div> 771 </div> 772 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 773 <div class="text-wrapper"> 774 <p> 775
776 Period VB marks the intensification of relations with central Anatolia as a result of both the stretening of the ties Arslantepe had begun to establish during the Middle Bronze Age and the military campaigns undertaken by the Hittite rulers.<br><br> 777 During this period the entire hill was enclosed by an imposing fortification system made of pressed earth and which has been brought to light in several places along the slopes of the tell. The rampart, which was likely to improve the defensibility of the settlement and was therefore provided on its top with a real brick wall, was associated with a city gate that has been entirely excavated in the northern portion of the site. The defensive system consisted of a wide entrance framed by two bipartite towers with a longitudinal layout that shows interesting comparisons with the defensive architecture of the Hittite capital dated to the 16th century BCE.<br><br> 778 A series of dwellings, on the other hand, have been unearthed along the southern slopes of the settlement, which are also enclosed within the walls. These are rather small and elongated spaces used mainly for the storage of household goods and equipped with single or double horseshoe-shaped hearths, which highlight the continuation of a long tradition attested at the site since the third millennium BCE.<br><br> 779 This close combination of external elements, mainly related to the cultural heritage of Central Anatolia, and local traditions evident in the architecture is also detected in the material culture of this period. The pottery is in fact characterized on the one hand by the introduction, already quite significant, of forms typical of the Hittite world and on the other hand by the survival of local elements visible especially in the conspicuous number of painted ceramic classes that are in perfect continuity with those typical of the Middle Bronze Age. 780 781 </p> 782 </div> 783 </div> 784 </div> 785 786 </div> 787 </section> 788 </li> 789 790 <li data-date="15/01/1135"> 791 <h2> 792 On the fringe of the Hittite empire 793 </h2> 794 <em>1400â1200 (IV)</em> 795 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 796 <div class="container-fluid"> 797 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 798 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 799 <div class="container-fluid"> 800 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 801 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/10/16.jpg" data-fancybox="images9" data-caption="Caption n1" alt="planimetria"> 802 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/10/16.jpg" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 803 </a> 804 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/10/MG_8257.JPG" data-fancybox="images9" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 805 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/10/MG_8257.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 806 </a> 807 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/10/pottery1.jpg" data-fancybox="images9" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 808 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/10/pottery1.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 809 </a> 810 </div> 811 </div> 812 </div> 813 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 814 <div class="text-wrapper"> 815 <p> 816 817 Arslantepe Period IV corresponds to the Late Bronze Age II (1400-1200 BC). Also during this phase the entrance to the hill was located along the northern slope, although a new city gate was built further west than the previous one (Period VB).<br><br> 818 Such rearrangements of the defensive system indicate that the reorganization took place under strong Hittite influence; in fact, this phase corresponds to the period of maximum expansion of the empire along the Euphrates, a time when the site was known by the Hittite toponym Malitya.<br><br> 819 The size of the portion of the tell enclosed by the fortification also tended to be modified by shrinking from the earlier period and marking the emergence of a fortified citadel. The monumental gateway, known as the âimperial gate,â is a typical pincer entrance found in a great many Central Anatolian sites and is connected to a defensive system that is no longer an earthwork, as in the earlier period, but was instead rebuilt in mudbrick bedded on stone foundations.
819<br><br> 820 A âfalse vaultâ tunnel, only partially excavated, built with the help of polygonal stones and slabs and most likely more than 4 meters deep, was also unearthed in this area. This is reminiscent of the so-called postierla of Hittite centers (an underground tunnel that passed under the fortifications), although in the present case it does not appear that the tunnel passed under the city wall. Indeed, it is more likely that this had another function, and it has been suggested that it was a tunnel dug to reach the water table.<br><br> 821 The pottery of Period IV is characterized by significant changes from earlier phases, showing strong similarities to the productions of the major sites of central Anatolia and further highlighting the fact that Arslantepe at this time must have gravitated into the orbit of the Hittite empire.<br> 822 The Late Bronze Age settlement was eventually destroyed by a violent and widespread fire. 823 824 </p> 825 </div> 826 </div> 827 </div> 828 829 </div> 830 </section> 831 </li> 832 833 <li data-date="15/01/1150"> 834 <h2> 835 The age of the Neo-Hittite kingdoms 836 </h2> 837 <em>1200 â 850 (III)</em> 838 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 839 <div class="container-fluid"> 840 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 841 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 842 <div class="container-fluid"> 843 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 844 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/0_pianta.jpg" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n1" alt="planimetria"> 845 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/0_pianta.jpg" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 846 </a> 847 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/ASLANTEPE_HOYUGU2.jpg" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 848 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/ASLANTEPE_HOYUGU2.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 849 </a> 850 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/ASLANTEPE_HOYUGU1.jpg" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 851 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/ASLANTEPE_HOYUGU1.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 852 </a> 853 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_0503.jpg" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n3" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 854 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_0503.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 855 </a> 856 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_0600 corr.jpg" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n3" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 857 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_0600 corr.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 858 </a> 859 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_9917.jpg" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n3" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 860 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_9917.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 861 </a> 862 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_3838.jpg" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 863 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_3838.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 864 </a> 865 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_4797.JPG" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 866 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_4797.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 867 </a> 868 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_7927.jpg" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n5" class="p-1 item gallery-image"alt=""> 869 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_7927.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 870 </a> 871 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/DSCF6175.JPG" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n6" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 872 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/DSCF6175.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 873 </a> 874 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/DSCF6384.JPG" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n7" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 875 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/DSCF6384.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 876 </a> 877 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_4503.JPG" data-fancybox="images10" data-caption="Caption n8" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 878 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/11/BOB_4503.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 879 </a> 880 </div> 881 </div> 882 </div> 883 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 884 <div class="text-wrapper"> 885 <p> 886 887 Following the collapse of the Hittite empire, a series of small, autonomous political entities known as âneo-Hittite kingdomsâ emerged in the southeastern Anatolia region. Arslantepe became the capital of one of these kingdoms, named in local sources with the toponym Malizi.<br><br>
888 Italian excavations, conducted both in the past (1960s) and in more recent years at various points in the northeastern area of the hill, have revealed a wide range of monumental structures. These include a large building with a rectangular shape built on a mighty platform consisting of large rough-hewn stone blocks. The building dates to the 10th century B.C., and comparisons show interesting similarities with some Levantine Iron Age temple structures.<br><br> 889 The levels below, dated between the 12th and 11th centuries BCE, were characterized by the presence of an imposing fortification wall probably connected to an access system to the citadel evidenced by the finding of two carved reliefs similar but stylistically different to those found in the past in the area of the Lion Gate by Delaporte.<br><br> 890 Ceramic production, and material culture in general, continue only partly akin to those of the Late Bronze Age. A new repertoire of forms reflects interesting connections with the Levantine world, marking the interruption of contacts with Central Anatolia. 891 892 </p> 893 </div> 894 </div> 895 </div> 896 897 </div> 898 </section> 899 </li> 900 901 <li data-date="15/01/1165"> 902 <h2> 903 The Neo-Hittite kingdom of Malizi/Meliddu in the age of empires 904 </h2> 905 <em> 850 - 712 (II)</em> 906 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 907 <div class="container-fluid"> 908 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 909 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 910 <div class="container-fluid"> 911 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 912 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/12/0_pianta.jpg" data-fancybox="images12" data-caption="Caption n1" alt="planimetria"> 913 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/12/0_pianta.jpg" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 914 </a> 915 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/12/ARS08_0001_DSCF3069.JPG" data-fancybox="images12" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 916 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/12/ARS08_0001_DSCF3069.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 917 </a> 918 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/12/BOB_7395.jpg" data-fancybox="images12" data-caption="Caption n2" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 919 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/12/BOB_7395.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 920 </a> 921 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/12/IMM_7.jpg" data-fancybox="images12" data-caption="Caption n3" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 922 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/12/IMM_7.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 923 </a> 924 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/12/DSCF4507.JPG" data-fancybox="images12" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 925 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/12/DSCF4507.JPG" class="miniatura" /> 926 </a> 927 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/12/Fig25.jpg" data-fancybox="images12" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 928 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/12/Fig25.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 929 </a> 930 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/12/Fig24.jpg" data-fancybox="images12" data-caption="Caption n4" class="p-1 item gallery-image" alt=""> 931 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/12/Fig24.jpg" class="miniatura" /> 932 </a> 933 </div> 934 </div> 935 </div> 936 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 937 <div class="text-wrapper"> 938 <p> 939 940 The later Iron Age levels are mainly characterized by the remains of the famous Lion Gate discovered by Louis Delaporte in the 1930s. This structure, which is flanked by two slabs carved in high relief in the shape of a lion with a head in the round, led into a paved courtyard decorated with a set of bas-reliefs depicting scenes of ritual hunting and libation.<br><br> 941 The Lion Gate and the entire set of bas-reliefs can now be visited together with the large statue of a king found in the gate itself at the Museum of Anatolian Civilization in Ankara.<br><br> 942 The recent resumption of excavations has also uncovered a large columned building, dated to the 8th century BCE, which, in its final phase, must have been structurally and functionally connected with the Lion Gate. A significant feature of the colonnaded building is the presence of a series of floors made by the alternation of pebbles and large slabs of squared stone.<br><br> 943 The material from the different phases of the life of the colonnaded building is characterized by the presence of exotic ceramic classes that allow us to connect the site within a network of relationships that ranged from the Phrygian world in central Anatolia, to the Urartian world in eastern Anatolia, to the sphere of influence of Aegean and Cypriot cultures.<br><br> 944 The conclusion of the Neo-Hittite period coincided with the end of Arslantepeâs power and prosperity. Indeed, the city was conquered and then destroyed by the Assyrian king Sargon II in 712 BCE and later permanently abandoned. 945 946 </p> 947 </div> 948 </div> 949 </div> 950 951 </div> 952 </section> 953 </li> 954 955 <li data-date="15/01/1170"> 956 <h2> 957 Toward the demise of the site 958 </h2> 959 <em> 650 a.C. - 1100 d.C. (I)</em> 960 <section class="gallery5 mbr-gallery my-0 cid-syHFIrgycZ" id="gallery5-12"> 961 <div class="container-fluid"> 962 <div class="row justify-content-center"> 963 <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> 964 <div class="container-fluid"> 965 <div class="row mt-4 justify-content-center"> 966 <a href="static/assets/images/timeA/13/TabPeutiger.jpg" data-fancybox="images12" data-caption="Caption n1" alt="planimetria"> 967 <img src="static/assets/images/timeA/13/TabPeutiger.png" class="p-0" style="border:1px solid #a1151b" /> 968 </a> 969 </div> 970 </div> 971 </div> 972 <div class="col-12 col-lg py-4"> 973 <div class="text-wrapper"> 974 <p> 975 976 After the conquest of the Kingdom of Malatya by Sargon II, Arslantepe suffered a progressive decadence and the site was finally abandoned after the Cimmerian invasion. With the arrival of the Romans, a legion was set up in the region. The Malatya plain was in fact the border region of the Roman Empire and hosted the XII military legion from the age of Titus until the 6th century A.D. The Roman castrum was built near a crossing point of the Euphrates, in this way placed under the direct control of the army. Aroun
976d the castrum later formed the town of Melitene (from the earlier name Melid) which is transformed into an important regional center and received from the emperor Trajan the status of municipium. At Melitene, as evidenced by the discovery of a Diocletian milestone, converged the military roads that ran along the eastern frontier in the direction of the Euphrates. The city of Melitene further developed in the Byzantine period. Its military importance is also evidenced by the fact that the city became the metropolis of Armenia Secunda.<br><br> 977 Near Melitene, halfway between this and the modern city of Malatya, Arslantepe is, in these Roman-Byzantine phases, a small rural village probably no different from many Anatolian villages of the same period. The Italian excavations have brought to light the remains of a small settlement of Roman age in the north-eastern part of the tell and a road that crossed it, while more recently it is a necropolis that occupies the southern half of the hill. Based on the materials found (coins and pottery), the Roman settlement can be dated between the fourth and sixth centuries A.D.. In Byzantine times the site became a Christian necropolis. Finally, in the north of the tell there are remains of a possible Ottoman palace. With the exception of this last building, in the Ottoman age the site was essentially abandoned in favor of Eski Malatya (Melitene), closer to the banks of the Euphrates. 978 979 </p> 980 </div> 981 </div> 982 </div> 983 984 </div> 985 </section> 986 </li> 987 </ol> 988 </div> <!-- .events-content --> 989</section> 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997<section class="form5 cid-syH8hNmDkc" id="form5-11"> 998 <div class="mbr-overlay"></div> 999 <div class="container"> 1000 <div class="mbr-section-head"> 1001 <h3 class="mbr-section-title mbr-fonts-style align-center mb-0 display-2"> 1002 <strong> 1003 Contacts 1004 </strong> 1005 </h3> 1006 </div> 1007 1008 <div class="row justify-content-center mt-4"> 1009 <div class="col-lg-8 mx-auto mbr-form"> 1010 1011 <form action="/send_mail" method="POST" class="mbr-form form-with-styler" data-form-title="Arslantepe Form"> 1012 <div hidden="hidden" data-form-alert="" class="alert alert-success col-12"> 1013 Thanks for filling out the form! 1014 </div> 1015 <div hidden="hidden" data-form-alert-danger="" class="alert alert-danger col-12"></div> 1016 <div class="dragArea row"> 1017 <div class="col-md col-sm-12 form-group" data-for="name"> 1018 <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Name" data-form-field="name" class="form-control" value="" required id="name-form5-11"> 1019 </div> 1020 <div class="col-md col-sm-12 form-group" data-for="email"> 1021 <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="E-mail" data-form-field="email" class="form-control" value="" required id="email-form5-11"> 1022 </div> 1023 <div class="col-12 form-group" data-for="message"> 1024 <textarea name="message" placeholder="Message" data-form-field="message" class="form-control" required id="message-form5-11"></textarea> 1025 </div> 1026 <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 align-center mbr-section-btn"> 1027 <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary display-4"> 1028 Send message 1029 </button> 1030 </div> 1031 </div> 1032 <span class="gdpr-block"> 1033 <label> 1034 <span class="textGDPR display-7" style="color: #444444"> 1035 <input type="checkbox" name="gdpr" id="gdpr-form5-11" required=""> 1036 Send message 1037 <a style="color: #a2151b; text-decoration: underline;" href="/policy"> 1038 Terms of Service 1039 </a> 1040 and 1041 <a style="color: #a2151b; text-decoration: underline;" href="/policy"> 1042 Privacy Policy 1043 </a>. 1044 </span> 1045 </label> 1046 </span> 1047 </form> 1048 </div> 1049 </div> 1050 1051 </div> 1052</section> 1053 1054<section class="footer1 cid-sddWaHMno8" once="footers" id="footer1-4"> 1055 <div class="container"> 1056 <div class="row mbr-white"> 1057 <div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3"> 1058 <h5 class="mbr-section-subtitle mbr-fonts-style mb-2 display-7"> 1059 <strong> 1060 Tour 1061 </strong> 1062 </h5> 1063 <ul class="list mbr-fonts-style display-4"> 1064 <li class="mbr-text item-wrap text-white"> 1065 <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=17/38.382163/38.361211" target="_blank" class="text-white"> 1066 Where it is located 1067 </a> 1068 </li> 1069 </ul> 1070 <hr> 1071 <h5 class="mbr-section-subtitle mbr-fonts-style mb-2 display-7"> 1072 <strong> 1073 Links 1074 </strong> 1075 </h5> 1076 <ul class="list mbr-fonts-style display-4"> 1077 <li class="mbr-text item-wrap text-white">
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1247 // console.log(value) 1248 1249 if(value == "all") 1250 { 1251 //$('.filter').removeClass('hidden'); 1252 $('.filter').show('1000'); 1253 } 1254 else 1255 { 1256// $('.filter[filter-item="'+value+'"]').removeClass('hidden'); 1257// $(".filter").not('.filter[filter-item="'+value+'"]').addClass('hidden'); 1258 $(".filter").not('.'+value).hide('3000'); 1259 $('.filter').filter('.'+value).show('3000'); 1260 1261 } 1262 }); 1263 1264 1265 $('.langselection').click(function() { 1266 // 1267 $('#lang-selector').html( $(this).text() ) 1268 1269 $.post( "/lang", { lang: $(this).text().toLowerCase() }, function( data ) { 1270 // reload page with new session lang 1271 location.reload(); 1272 }); 1273 1274 }); 1275 1276 1277 var timelines = $('.cd-horizontal-timeline'), 1278 eventsMinDistance = 60; 1279 1280 (timelines.length > 0) && initTimeline(timelines); 1281 1282 function initTimeline(timelines) { 1283 timelines.each(function(){ 1284 var timeline = $(this), 1285 timelineComponents = {}; 1286 //cache timeline components 1287 timelineComponents['timelineWrapper'] = timeline.find('.events-wrapper'); 1288 timelineComponents['eventsWrapper'] = timelineComponents['timelineWrapper'].children('.events'); 1289 timelineComponents['fillingLine'] = timelineComponents['eventsWrapper'].children('.filling-line'); 1290 timelineComponents['timelineEvents'] = timelineComponents['eventsWrapper'].find('a'); 1291 timelineComponents['timelineDates'] = parseDate(timelineComponents['timelineEvents']); 1292 timelineComponents['eventsMinLapse'] = minLapse(timelineComponents['timelineDates']); 1293 timelineComponents['timelineNavigation'] = timeline.find('.cd-timeline-navigation'); 1294 timelineComponents['eventsContent'] = timeline.children('.events-content'); 1295 1296 //assign a left postion to the single events along the timeline 1297 setDatePosition(timelineComponents, eventsMinDistance); 1298 //assign a width to the timeline 1299 var timelineTotWidth = setTimelineWidth(timelineComponents, eventsMinDistance); 1300 //the timeline has been initialize - show it 1301 timeline.addClass('loaded'); 1302 1303 //detect click on the next arrow 1304 timelineComponents['timelineNavigation'].on('click', '.next', function(event){ 1305 event.preventDefault(); 1306 updateSlide(timelineComponents, timelineTotWidth, 'next'); 1307 }); 1308 //detect click on the prev arrow 1309 timelineComponents['timelineNavigation'].on('click', '.prev', function(event){ 1310 event.preventDefault(); 1311 updateSlide(timelineComponents, timelineTotWidth, 'prev'); 1312 }); 1313 //detect click on the a single event - show new event content 1314 timelineComponents['eventsWrapper'].on('click', 'a', function(event){ 1315 event.preventDefault(); 1316 timelineComponents['timelineEvents'].removeClass('selected'); 1317 $(this).addClass('selected'); 1318 updateOlderEvents($(this)); 1319 updateFilling($(this), timelineComponents['fillingLine'], timelineTotWidth); 1320 updateVisibleContent($(this), timelineComponents['eventsContent']); 1321 }); 1322 1323 //on swipe, show next/prev event content 1324 timelineComponents['eventsContent'].on('swipeleft', function(){ 1325 var mq = checkMQ(); 1326 ( mq == 'mobile' ) && showNewContent(timelineComponents, timelineTotWidth, 'next'); 1327 }); 1328 timelineComponents['eventsContent'].on('swiperight', function(){ 1329 var mq = checkMQ(); 1330 ( mq == 'mobile' ) && showNewContent(timelineComponents, timelineTotWidth, 'prev'); 1331 }); 1332 1333 //keyboard navigation 1334 $(document).keyup(function(event){ 1335 if(event.which=='37' && elementInViewport(timeline.get(0)) ) { 1336 showNewContent(timelineComponents, timelineTotWidth, 'prev'); 1337 } else if( event.which=='39' && elementInViewport(timeline.get(0))) { 1338 showNewContent(timelineComponents, timelineTotWidth, 'next'); 1339 } 1340 }); 1341 }); 1342 } 1343 1344 function updateSlide(timelineComponents, timelineTotWidth, string) { 1345 //retrieve translateX value of timelineComponents['eventsWrapper'] 1346 var translateValue = getTranslateValue(timelineComponents['eventsWrapper']),
1347 wrapperWidth = Number(timelineComponents['timelineWrapper'].css('width').replace('px', '')); 1348 //translate the timeline to the left('next')/right('prev') 1349 (string == 'next') 1350 ? translateTimeline(timelineComponents, translateValue - wrapperWidth + eventsMinDistance, wrapperWidth - timelineTotWidth) 1351 : translateTimeline(timelineComponents, translateValue + wrapperWidth - eventsMinDistance); 1352 } 1353 1354 function showNewContent(timelineComponents, timelineTotWidth, string) { 1355 //go from one event to the next/previous one 1356 var visibleContent = timelineComponents['eventsContent'].find('.selected'), 1357 newContent = ( string == 'next' ) ? visibleContent.next() : visibleContent.prev(); 1358 1359 if ( newContent.length > 0 ) { //if there's a next/prev event - show it 1360 var selectedDate = timelineComponents['eventsWrapper'].find('.selected'), 1361 newEvent = ( string == 'next' ) ? selectedDate.parent('li').next('li').children('a') : selectedDate.parent('li').prev('li').children('a'); 1362 1363 updateFilling(newEvent, timelineComponents['fillingLine'], timelineTotWidth); 1364 updateVisibleContent(newEvent, timelineComponents['eventsContent']); 1365 newEvent.addClass('selected'); 1366 selectedDate.removeClass('selected'); 1367 updateOlderEvents(newEvent); 1368 updateTimelinePosition(string, newEvent, timelineComponents, timelineTotWidth); 1369 } 1370 } 1371 1372 function updateTimelinePosition(string, event, timelineComponents, timelineTotWidth) { 1373 //translate timeline to the left/right according to the position of the selected event 1374 var eventStyle = window.getComputedStyle(event.get(0), null), 1375 eventLeft = Number(eventStyle.getPropertyValue("left").replace('px', '')), 1376 timelineWidth = Number(timelineComponents['timelineWrapper'].css('width').replace('px', '')), 1377 timelineTotWidth = Number(timelineComponents['eventsWrapper'].css('width').replace('px', '')); 1378 var timelineTranslate = getTranslateValue(timelineComponents['eventsWrapper']); 1379 1380 if( (string == 'next' && eventLeft > timelineWidth - timelineTranslate) || (string == 'prev' && eventLeft < - timelineTranslate) ) { 1381 translateTimeline(timelineComponents, - eventLeft + timelineWidth/2, timelineWidth - timelineTotWidth); 1382 } 1383 } 1384 1385 function translateTimeline(timelineComponents, value, totWidth) { 1386 var eventsWrapper = timelineComponents['eventsWrapper'].get(0); 1387 value = (value > 0) ? 0 : value; //only negative translate value 1388 value = ( !(typeof totWidth === 'undefined') && value < totWidth ) ? totWidth : value; //do not translate more than timeline width 1389 setTransformValue(eventsWrapper, 'translateX', value+'px'); 1390 //update navigation arrows visibility 1391 (value == 0 ) ? timelineComponents['timelineNavigation'].find('.prev').addClass('inactive') : timelineComponents['timelineNavigation'].find('.prev').removeClass('inactive'); 1392 (value == totWidth ) ? timelineComponents['timelineNavigation'].find('.next').addClass('inactive') : timelineComponents['timelineNavigation'].find('.next').removeClass('inactive'); 1393 } 1394 1395 function updateFilling(selectedEvent, filling, totWidth) { 1396 //change .filling-line length according to the selected event 1397 var eventStyle = window.getComputedStyle(selectedEvent.get(0), null), 1398 eventLeft = eventStyle.getPropertyValue("left"), 1399 eventWidth = eventStyle.getPropertyValue("width"); 1400 eventLeft = Number(eventLeft.replace('px', '')) + Number(eventWidth.replace('px', ''))/2; 1401 var scaleValue = eventLeft/totWidth; 1402 setTransformValue(filling.get(0), 'scaleX', scaleValue); 1403 } 1404 1405 function setDatePosition(timelineComponents, min) { 1406 for (i = 0; i < timelineComponents['timelineDates'].length; i++) { 1407 var distance = daydiff(timelineComponents['timelineDates'][0], timelineComponents['timelineDates'][i]), 1408 distanceNorm = Math.round(distance/timelineComponents['eventsMinLapse']) + 2; 1409 timelineComponents['timelineEvents'].eq(i).css('left', distanceNorm*min+'px'); 1410 } 1411 } 1412 1413 function setTimelineWidth(timelineComponents, width) { 1414 var timeSpan = daydiff(timelineComponents['timelineDates'][0], timelineComponents['timelineDates'][timelineComponents['timelineDates'].length-1]), 1415 timeSpanNorm = timeSpan/timelineComponents['eventsMinLapse'], 1416 timeSpanNorm = Math.round(timeSpanNorm) + 4, 1417 totalWidth = timeSpanNorm*width; 1418 timelineComponents['eventsWrapper'].css('width', totalWidth+'px'); 1419 updateFilling(timelineComponents['timelineEvents'].eq(0), timelineComponents['fillingLine'], totalWidth); 1420 1421 return totalWidth; 1422 } 1423 1424 function updateVisibleContent(event, eventsContent) { 1425 var eventDate = event.data('date'), 1426 visibleContent = eventsContent.find('.selected'), 1427 selectedContent = eventsContent.find('[data-date="'+ eventDate +'"]'), 1428 selectedContentHeight = selectedContent.height(); 1429 1430 if (selectedContent.index() > visibleContent.index()) { 1431 var classEnetering = 'selected enter-right', 1432 classLeaving = 'leave-left'; 1433 } else { 1434 var classEnetering = 'selected enter-left', 1435 classLeaving = 'leave-right'; 1436 } 1437 1438 selectedContent.attr('class', classEnetering); 1439 visibleContent.attr('class', classLeaving).one('webkitAnimationEnd oanimationend msAnimationEnd animationend', function(){ 1440 visibleContent.removeClass('leave-right leave-left'); 1441 selectedContent.removeClass('enter-left enter-right'); 1442 }); 1443 eventsContent.css('height', selectedContentHeight+'px'); 1444 } 1445 1446 function updateOlderEvents(event) { 1447 event.parent('li').prevAll('li').children('a').addClass('older-event').end().end().nextAll('li').children('a').removeClass('older-event'); 1448 } 1449 1450 function getTranslateValue(timeline) { 1451 var timelineStyle = window.getComputedStyle(timeline.get(0), null), 1452 timelineTranslate = timelineStyle.getPropertyValue("-webkit-transform") || 1453 timelineStyle.getPropertyValue("-moz-transform") || 1454 timelineStyle.getPropertyValue("-ms-transform") || 1455 timelineStyle.getPropertyValue("-o-transform") || 1456 timelineStyle.getPropertyValue("transform"); 1457 1458 if( timelineTranslate.indexOf('(') >=0 ) { 1459 var timelineTranslate = timelineTranslate.split('(')[1]; 1460 timelineTranslate = timelineTranslate.split(')')[0]; 1461 timelineTranslate = timelineTranslate.split(','); 1462 var translateValue = timelineTranslate[4]; 1463 } else { 1464 var translateValue = 0; 1465 } 1466 1467 return Number(translateValue); 1468 } 1469 1470 function setTransformValue(element, property, value) { 1471 element.style["-webkit-transform"] = property+"("+value+")"; 1472 element.style["-moz-transform"] = property+"("+value+")"; 1473 element.style["-ms-transform"] = property+"("+value+")"; 1474 element.style["-o-transform"] = property+"("+value+")"; 1475 element.style["transform"] = property+"("+value+")"; 1476 } 1477 1478 //based on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/542938/how-do-i-get-the-number-of-days-between-two-dates-in-javascript 1479 function parseDate(events) { 1480 var dateArrays = []; 1481 events.each(function(){ 1482 var dateComp = $(this).data('date').split('/'), 1483 newDate = new Date(dateComp[2], dateComp[1]-1, dateComp[0]); 1484 dateArrays.push(newDate); 1485 }); 1486 return dateArrays; 1487 } 1488 1489 function parseDate2(events) { 1490 var dateArrays = []; 1491 events.each(function(){ 1492 var singleDate = $(this), 1493 dateComp = singleDate.data('date').split('T'); 1494 if( dateComp.length > 1 ) { //both DD/MM/YEAR and time are provided 1495 var dayComp = dateComp[0].split('/'), 1496 timeComp = dateComp[1].split(':'); 1497 } else if( dateComp[0].indexOf(':') >=0 ) { //only time is provide 1498 var dayComp = ["2000", "0", "0"], 1499 timeComp = dateComp[0].split(':'); 1500 } else { //only DD/MM/YEAR 1501 var dayComp = dateComp[0].split('/'), 1502 timeComp = ["0", "0"]; 1503 } 1504 var newDate = new Date(dayComp[2], dayComp[1]-1, dayComp[0], timeComp[0], timeComp[1]); 1505 dateArrays.push(newDate); 1506 }); 1507 return dateArrays; 1508 } 1509 1510 function daydiff(first, second) { 1511 return Math.round((second-first)); 1512 } 1513 1514 function minLapse(dates) { 1515 //determine the minimum distance among events 1516 var dateDistances = []; 1517 for (i = 1; i < dates.length; i++) { 1518 var distance = daydiff(dates[i-1], dates[i]); 1519 dateDistances.push(distance); 1520 } 1521 return Math.min.apply(null, dateDistances); 1522 } 1523 1524 /* 1525 How to tell if a DOM element is visible in the current viewport? 1526 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/123999/how-to-tell-if-a-dom-element-is-visible-in-the-current-viewport 1527 */ 1528 function elementInViewport(el) { 1529 var top = el.offsetTop; 1530 var left = el.offsetLeft; 1531 var width = el.offsetWidth; 1532 var height = el.offsetHeight; 1533 1534 while(el.offsetParent) { 1535 el = el.offsetParent; 1536 top += el.offsetTop; 1537 left += el.offsetLeft; 1538 } 1539 1540 return ( 1541 top < (window.pageYOffset + window.innerHeight) && 1542 left < (window.pageXOffset + window.innerWidth) && 1543 (top + height) > window.pageYOffset && 1544 (left + width) > window.pageXOffset 1545 ); 1546 } 1547 1548 function checkMQ() { 1549 //check if mobile or desktop device 1550 return window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('.cd-horizontal-timeline'), '::before').getPropertyValue('content').replace(/'/g, "").replace(/"/g, ""); 1551 } 1552}); 1553</script>
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