1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<html lang="nl-NL"> 3<head> 4<meta charset="UTF-8"> 5<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 6<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> 7 8 9<meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> 10 11 <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https://yoast.com/product/yoast-seo-wordpress/ --> 12 <title>De vergeten bankencrisis | Hoe Colijn de grootste bank van het land redde</title> 13 <meta name="description" content="Shortlist Libris Geschiedenisprijs 2016 | 'Een pageturner' - NRC; 'Een boek om van te smullen!' - Geschiedenis magazine; 'Razendknap' - Quote" /> 14 <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/de-vergeten-bankencrisis/" /> 15 <meta property="og:locale" content="nl_NL" /> 16 <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> 17 <meta property="og:title" content="De vergeten bankencrisis | Hoe Colijn de grootste bank van het land redde" /> 18 <meta property="og:description" content="Shortlist Libris Geschiedenisprijs 2016 | 'Een pageturner' - NRC; 'Een boek om van te smullen!' - Geschiedenis magazine; 'Razendknap' - Quote" /> 19 <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/de-vergeten-bankencrisis/" /> 20 <meta property="og:site_name" content="Lodewijk Petram" /> 21 <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-07-02T07:46:25+00:00" /> 22 <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/1-e1448220608895.jpg" /> 23 <meta property="og:image:width" content="800" /> 24 <meta property="og:image:height" content="1244" /> 25 <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> 26 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> 27 <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/9200000051833529.jpg" /> 28 <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Geschatte leestijd" /> 29 <meta name="twitter:data1" content="7 minuten" /> 30
30<script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/de-vergeten-bankencrisis\/","url":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/de-vergeten-bankencrisis\/","name":"De vergeten bankencrisis | Hoe Colijn de grootste bank van het land redde","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/de-vergeten-bankencrisis\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/de-vergeten-bankencrisis\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/9200000051833529.jpg","datePublished":"2015-11-23T09:45:39+00:00","dateModified":"2024-07-02T07:46:25+00:00","description":"Shortlist Libris Geschiedenisprijs 2016 | 'Een pageturner' - NRC; 'Een boek om van te smullen!' - Geschiedenis magazine; 'Razendknap' - Quote","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/de-vergeten-bankencrisis\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"nl-NL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/de-vergeten-bankencrisis\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"nl-NL","@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/de-vergeten-bankencrisis\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/9200000051833529.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/9200000051833529.jpg","width":99,"height":155,"caption":"Lodewijk Petram | De vergeten bankencrisis (omslag)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/de-vergeten-bankencrisis\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"De vergeten bankencrisis"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/","name":"Lodewijk Petram","description":"Schrijver, historicus & econoom","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/#\/schema\/person\/6bdee53cf4e10c59dde629fd2f4a1fac"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"nl-NL"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/#\/schema\/person\/6bdee53cf4e10c59dde629fd2f4a1fac","name":"Lodewijk Petram","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"nl-NL","@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/T27JP4KQW-U36DUTT6K-1474d25a35e2-512.png","url":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/T27JP4KQW-U36DUTT6K-1474d25a35e2-512.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/T27JP4KQW-U36DUTT6K-1474d25a35e2-512.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Lodewijk Petram"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/T27JP4KQW-U36DUTT6K-1474d25a35e2-512.png"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/lodewijkpetram\/"]}]}</script>
30 31 <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> 32 33
34<script> 35window.koko_analytics = {"url":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/koko-analytics-collect.php","site_url":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl","post_id":2571,"path":"\/de-vergeten-bankencrisis\/","method":"none","use_cookie":false}; 36</script>
36 37<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> 38<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Lodewijk Petram » feed" href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/feed/" /> 39<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Lodewijk Petram » reacties feed" href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/comments/feed/" /> 40<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lodewijkpetram.nl%2Fde-vergeten-bankencrisis%2F" /> 41<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lodewijkpetram.nl%2Fde-vergeten-bankencrisis%2F&format=xml" /> 42<style type="text/css" media="all"> 43/*! 44 * Font Awesome 4.7.0 by @davegandy - http://fontawesome.io - @fontawesome 45 * License - http://fontawesome.io/license (Font: SIL OFL 1.1, CSS: MIT License) 46 */@font-face{font-family:'FontAwesome';src:url(https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/themes/moesia/fonts/../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot#1789696980);src:url(https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/themes/moesia/fonts/../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot#1789696980) format('embedded-opentype'),url(https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/themes/moesia/fonts/../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff2#1789696980) format('woff2'),url(https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/themes/moesia/fonts/../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff#1789696980) format('woff'),url(https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/themes/moesia/fonts/../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.ttf#1789696980) format('truetype'),url(https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/themes/moesia/fonts/../fonts/fontawesome-webfont.svg?v=4.7.0#fontawesomeregular) format('svg');font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.fa{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.fa-lg{font-size:1.33333333em;line-height:.75em;vertical-align:-15%}.fa-2x{font-size:2em}.fa-3x{font-size:3em}.fa-4x{font-size:4em}.fa-5x{font-size:5em}.fa-fw{width:1.28571429em;text-align:center}.fa-ul{padding-left:0;margin-left:2.14285714em;list-style-type:none}.fa-ul>li{position:relative}.fa-li{position:absolute;left:-2.14285714em;width:2.14285714em;top:.14285714em;text-align:center}.fa-li.fa-lg{left:-1.85714286em}.fa-border{padding:.2em .25em .15em;border:solid .08em #eee;border-radius:.1em}.fa-pull-left{float:left}.fa-pull-right{float:right}.fa.fa-pull-left{margin-right:.3em}.fa.fa-pull-right{margin-left:.3em}.pull-right{float:right}.pull-left{float:left}.fa.pull-left{margin-right:.3em}.fa.pull-right{margin-left:.3em}.fa-spin{-webkit-animation:fa-spin 2s infinite linear;animation:fa-spin 2s infinite linear}.fa-pulse{-webkit-animation:fa-spin 1s infinite steps(8);animation:fa-spin 1s infinite steps(8)}@-webkit-keyframes fa-spin{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(359deg);transform:rotate(359deg)}}@keyframes fa-spin{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(359deg);transform:rotate(359deg)}}.fa-rotate-90{-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=1)";-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg)}.fa-rotate-180{-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=2)";-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.fa-rotate-270{-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=3)";-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:rotate(270deg);transform:rotate(270deg)}.fa-flip-horizontal{-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=0, mirror=1)";-webkit-transform:scale(-1,1);-ms-transform:scale(-1,1);transform:scale(-1,1)}.fa-flip-vertical{-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=2, mirror=1)";-webkit-transform:scale(1,-1);-ms-transform:scale(1,-1);transform:scale(1,-1)}:root .fa-rotate-90,:root .fa-rotate-180,:root .fa-rotate-270,:root .fa-flip-horizontal,:root .fa-flip-vert
46ical{filter:none}.fa-stack{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:2em;height:2em;line-height:2em;vertical-align:middle}.fa-stack-1x,.fa-stack-2x{position:absolute;left:0;width:100%;text-align:center}.fa-stack-1x{line-height:inherit}.fa-stack-2x{font-size:2em}.fa-inverse{color:#fff}.fa-glass:before{content:"\f000"}.fa-music:before{content:"\f001"}.fa-search:before{content:"\f002"}.fa-envelope-o:before{content:"\f003"}.fa-heart:before{content:"\f004"}.fa-star:before{content:"\f005"}.fa-star-o:before{content:"\f006"}.fa-user:before{content:"\f007"}.fa-film:before{content:"\f008"}.fa-th-large:before{content:"\f009"}.fa-th:before{content:"\f00a"}.fa-th-list:before{content:"\f00b"}.fa-check:before{content:"\f00c"}.fa-remove:before,.fa-close:before,.fa-times:before{content:"\f00d"}.fa-search-plus:before{content:"\f00e"}.fa-search-minus:before{content:"\f010"}.fa-power-off:before{content:"\f011"}.fa-signal:before{content:"\f012"}.fa-gear:before,.fa-cog:before{content:"\f013"}.fa-trash-o:before{content:"\f014"}.fa-home:before{content:"\f015"}.fa-file-o:before{content:"\f016"}.fa-clock-o:before{content:"\f017"}.fa-road:before{content:"\f018"}.fa-download:before{content:"\f019"}.fa-arrow-circle-o-down:before{content:"\f01a"}.fa-arrow-circle-o-up:before{content:"\f01b"}.fa-inbox:before{content:"\f01c"}.fa-play-circle-o:before{content:"\f01d"}.fa-rotate-right:before,.fa-repeat:before{content:"\f01e"}.fa-refresh:before{content:"\f021"}.fa-list-alt:before{content:"\f022"}.fa-lock:before{content:"\f023"}.fa-flag:before{content:"\f024"}.fa-headphones:before{content:"\f025"}.fa-volume-off:before{content:"\f026"}.fa-volume-down:before{content:"\f027"}.fa-volume-up:before{content:"\f028"}.fa-qrcode:before{content:"\f029"}.fa-barcode:before{content:"\f02a"}.fa-tag:before{content:"\f02b"}.fa-tags:before{content:"\f02c"}.fa-book:before{content:"\f02d"}.fa-bookmark:before{content:"\f02e"}.fa-print:before{content:"\f02f"}.fa-camera:before{content:"\f030"}.fa-font:before{content:"\f031"}.fa-bold:before{content:"\f032"}.fa-italic:before{content:"\f033"}.fa-text-height:before{content:"\f034"}.fa-text-width:before{content:"\f035"}.fa-align-left:before{content:"\f036"}.fa-align-center:before{content:"\f037"}.fa-align-right:before{content:"\f038"}.fa-align-justify:before{content:"\f039"}.fa-list:before{content:"\f03a"}.fa-dedent:before,.fa-outdent:before{content:"\f03b"}.fa-indent:before{content:"\f03c"}.fa-video-camera:before{content:"\f03d"}.fa-photo:before,.fa-image:before,.fa-picture-o:before{content:"\f03e"}.fa-pencil:before{content:"\f040"}.fa-map-marker:before{content:"\f041"}.fa-adjust:before{content:"\f042"}.fa-tint:before{content:"\f043"}.fa-edit:before,.fa-pencil-square-o:before{content:"\f044"}.fa-share-square-o:before{content:"\f045"}.fa-check-square-o:before{content:"\f046"}.fa-arrows:before{content:"\f047"}.fa-step-backward:before{content:"\f048"}.fa-fast-backward:before{content:"\f049"}.fa-backward:before{content:"\f04a"}.fa-play:before{content:"\f04b"}.fa-pause:before{content:"\f04c"}.fa-stop:before{content:"\f04d"}.fa-forward:before{content:"\f04e"}.fa-fast-forward:before{content:"\f050"}.fa-step-forward:before{content:"\f051"}.fa-eject:before{content:"\f052"}.fa-chevron-left:before{content:"\f053"}.fa-chevron-right:before{content:"\f054"}.fa-plus-circle:before{content:"\f055"}.fa-minus-circle:before{content:"\f056"}.fa-times-circle:before{content:"\f057"}.fa-check-circle:before{content:"\f058"}.fa-question-circle:before{content:"\f059"}.fa-info-circle:before{content:"\f05a"}.fa-crosshairs:before{content:"\f05b"}.fa-times-circle-o:before{content:"\f05c"}.fa-check-circle-o:before{content:"\f05d"}.fa-ban:before{content:"\f05e"}.fa-arrow-left:before{content:"\f060"}.fa-arrow-right:before{content:"\f061"}.fa-arrow-up:before{content:"\f062"}.fa-arrow-down:before{content:"\f063"}.fa-mail-forward:before,.fa-share:before{content:"\f064"}.fa-expand:before{content:"\f065"}.fa-compress:before{content:"\f066"}.fa-plus:before{content:"\f067"}.fa-minus:before{content:"\f068"}.fa-asterisk:before{content:"\f069"}.fa-exclamation-circle:before{content:"\f06a"}.fa-gift:before{content:"\f06b"}.fa-leaf:before{content:"\f06c"}.fa-fire:before{content:"\f06d"}.fa-eye:before{content:"\f06e"}.fa-eye-slash:before{content:"\f070"}.fa-warning:before,.fa-exclamation-triangle:before{content:"\f071"}.fa-plane:before{content:"\f072"}.fa-calendar:before{content:"\f073"}.fa-random:before{content:"\f074"}.fa-comment:before{content:"\f075"}.fa-magnet:before{content:"\f076"}.fa-chevron-up:before{content:"\f077"}.fa-chevron-down:before{content:"\f078"}.fa-retweet:before{content:"\f079"}.fa-shopping-cart:before{content:"\f07a"}.fa-folder:before{content:"\f07b"}.fa-folder-open:before{content:"\f07c"}.fa-arrows-v:before{content:"\f07d"}.fa-arrows-h:before{content:"\f07e"}.fa-bar-chart-o:before,.fa-bar-chart:before{content:"\f080"}.fa-twitter-square:before{content:"\f081"}.fa-facebook-square:before{content:"\f082"}.fa-camera-retro:before{content:"\f083"}.fa-key:before{content:"\f084"}.fa-gears:before,.fa-cogs:before{content:"\f085"}.fa-comments:before{content:"\f086"}.fa-thumbs-o-up:before{content:"\f087"}.fa-thumbs-o-down:before{content:"\f088"}.fa-star-half:before{content:"\f089"}.fa-heart-o:before{content:"\f08a"}.fa-sign-out:before{content:"\f08b"}.fa-linkedin-square:before{content:"\f08c"}.fa-thumb-tack:before{content:"\f08d"}.fa-external-link:before{content:"\f08e"}.fa-sign-in:before{content:"\f090"}.fa-trophy:before{content:"\f091"}.fa-github-square:before{content:"\f092"}.fa-upload:before{content:"\f093"}.fa-lemon-o:before{content:"\f094"}.fa-phone:before{content:"\f095"}.fa-square-o:before{content:"\f096"}.fa-bookmark-o:before{content:"\f097"}.fa-phone-square:before{content:"\f098"}.fa-twitter:before{content:"\f099"}.fa-facebook-f:before,.fa-facebook:before{content:"\f09a"}.fa-github:before{content:"\f09b"}.fa-unlock:before{content:"\f09c"}.fa-credit-card:before{content:"\f09d"}.fa-feed:before,.fa-rss:before{content:"\f09e"}.fa-hdd-o:before{content:"\f0a0"}.fa-bullhorn:before{content:"\f0a1"}.fa-bell:before{content:"\f0f3"}.fa-certificate:before{content:"\f0a3"}.fa-hand-o-right:before{content:"\f0a4"}.fa-hand-o-left:before{content:"\f0a5"}.fa-hand-o-up:before{content:"\f0a6"}.fa-hand-o-down:before{content:"\f0a7"}.fa-arrow-circle-left:before{content:"\f0a8"}.fa-arrow-circle-right:before{content:"\f0a9"}.fa-arrow-circle-up:before{content:"\f0aa"}.fa-arrow-circle-down:before{content:"\f0ab"}.fa-globe:before{content:"\f0ac"}.fa-wrench:before{content:"\f0ad"}.fa-tasks:before{content:"\f0ae"}.fa-filter:before{content:"\f0b0"}.fa-briefcase:before{content:"\f0b1"}.fa-arrows-alt:before{content:"\f0b2"}.fa-group:before,.fa-users:before{content:"\f0c0"}.fa-chain:before,.fa-link:before{content:"\f0c1"}.fa-cloud:before{content:"\f0c2"}.fa-flask:before{content:"\f0c3"}.fa-cut:before,.fa-scissors:before{content:"\f0c4"}.fa-copy:before,.fa-files-o:before{content:"\f0c5"}.fa-paperclip:before{content:"\f0c6"}.fa-save:before,.fa-floppy-o:before{content:"\f0c7"}.fa-square:before{content:"\f0c8"}.fa-navicon:before,.fa-reorder:before,.fa-bars:before{content:"\f0c9"}.fa-list-ul:before{content:"\f0ca"}.fa-list-ol:before{content:"\f0cb"}.fa-strikethrough:before{content:"\f0cc"}.fa-underline:before{content:"\f0cd"}.fa-table:before{content:"\f0ce"}.fa-magic:before{content:"\f0d0"}.fa-truck:before{content:"\f0d1"}.fa-pinterest:before{content:"\f0d2"}.fa-pinterest-square:before{content:"\f0d3"}.fa-google-plus-square:before{content:"\f0d4"}.fa-google-plus:before{content:"\f0d5"}.fa-money:before{content:"\f0d6"}.fa-caret-down:before{content:"\f0d7"}.fa-caret-up:before{content:"\f0d8"}.fa-caret-left:before{content:"\f0d9"}.fa-caret-right:before{content:"\f0da"}.fa-columns:before{content:"\f0db"}.fa-unsorted:before,.fa-sort:before{content:"\f0dc"}.fa-sort-down:before,.fa-sort-desc:before{content:"\f0dd"}.fa-sort-up:before,.fa-sort-asc:before{content:"\f0de"}.fa-envelope:before{content:"\f0e0"}.fa-linkedin:before{content:"\f0e1"}.fa-rotate-left:before,.fa-undo:before{content:"\f0e2"}.fa-legal:before,.fa-gavel:before{content:"\f0e3"}.fa-dashboard:before,.fa-tachometer:before{content:"\f0e4"}.fa-comment-o:before{content:"\f0e5"}.fa-comments-o:before{content:"\f0e6"}.fa-flash:before,.fa-bolt:before{content:"\f0e7"}.fa-sitemap:before{content:"\f0e8"}.fa-umbrella:before{content:"\f0e9"}.fa-paste:before,.fa-clipboard:before{content:"\f0ea"}.fa-lightbulb-o:before{content:"\f0eb"}.fa-exchange:before{content:"\f0ec"}.fa-cloud-download:before{content:"\f0ed"}.fa-cloud-upload:before{content:"\f0ee"}.fa-user-md:before{content:"\f0f0"}.fa-stethoscope:before{content:"\f0f1"}.fa-suitcase:before{content:"\f0f2"}.fa-bell-o:before{content:"\f0a2"}.fa-coffee:before{content:"\f0f4"}.fa-cutlery:before{content:"\f0f5"}.fa-file-text-o:before{content:"\f0f6"}.fa-building-o:before{content:"\f0f7"}.fa-hospital-o:before{content:"\f0f8"}.fa-ambulance:before{content:"\f0f9"}.fa-medkit:before{content:"\f0fa"}.fa-fighter-jet:before{content:"\f0fb"}.fa-beer:before{content:"\f0fc"}.fa-h-square:before{content:"\f0fd"}.fa-plus-square:before{content:"\f0fe"}.fa-angle-double-left:before{content:"\f100"}.fa-angle-double-right:before{content:"\f101"}.fa-angle-double-up:before{content:"\f102"}.fa-angle-double-down:before{content:"\f103"}.fa-angle-left:before{content:"\f104"}.fa-angle-right:before{content:"\f105"}.fa-angle-up:before{content:"\f106"}.fa-angle-down:before{content:"\f107"}.fa-desktop:before{content:"\f108"}.fa-laptop:before{content:"\f109"}.fa-tablet:before{content:"\f10a"}.fa-mobile-phone:before,.fa-mobile:before{content:"\f10b"}.fa-circle-o:before{content:"\f10c"}.fa-quote-left:before{content:"\f10d"}.fa-quote-right:before{content:"\f10e"}.fa-spinner:before{content:"\f110"}.fa-circle:before{content:"\f111"}.fa-mail-reply:before,.fa-reply:before{content:"\f112"}.fa-github-alt:before{content:"\f113"}.fa-folder-o:before{content:"\f114"}.fa-folder-open-o:before{content:"\f115"}.fa-smile-o:before{content:"\f118"}.fa-frown-o:before{content:"\f119"}.fa-meh-o:before{content:"\f11a"}.fa-gamepad:before{content:"\f11b"}.fa-keyboard-o:before{content:"\f11c"}.fa-flag-o:before{content:"\f11d"}.fa-flag-checkered:before{content:"\f11e"}.fa-terminal:before{content:"\f120"}.fa-code:before{content:"\f121"}.fa-mail-reply-all:before,.fa-reply-all:before{content:"\f122"}.fa-star-half-empty:before,.fa-star-half-full:before,.fa-star-half-o:before{content:"\f123"}.fa-location-arrow:before{content:"\f124"}.fa-crop:before{content:"\f125"}.fa-code-fork:before{content:"\f126"}.fa-unlink:before,.fa-chain-broken:before{content:"\f127"}.fa-question:before{content:"\f128"}.fa-info:before{content:"\f129"}.fa-exclamation:before{content:"\f12a"}.fa-superscript:before{content:"\f12b"}.fa-subscript:before{content:"\f12c"}.fa-eraser:before{content:"\f12d"}.fa-puzzle-piece:before{content:"\f12e"}.fa-microphone:before{content:"\f130"}.fa-microphone-slash:before{content:"\f131"}.fa-shield:before{content:"\f132"}.fa-calendar-o:before{content:"\f133"}.fa-fire-extinguisher:before{content:"\f134"}.fa-rocket:before{content:"\f135"}.fa-maxcdn:before{content:"\f136"}.fa-chevron-circle-left:before{content:"\f137"}.fa-chevron-circle-right:before{content:"\f138"}.fa-chevron-circle-up:before{content:"\f139"}.fa-chevron-circle-down:before{content:"\f13a"}.fa-html5:before{content:"\f13b"}.fa-css3:before{content:"\f13c"}.fa-anchor:before{content:"\f13d"}.fa-unlock-alt:before{content:"\f13e"}.fa-bullseye:before{content:"\f140"}.fa-ellipsis-h:before{content:"\f141"}.fa-ellipsis-v:before{content:"\f142"}.fa-rss-square:before{content:"\f143"}.fa-play-circle:before{content:"\f144"}.fa-ticket:before{content:"\f145"}.fa-minus-square:before{content:"\f146"}.fa-minus-square-o:before{content:"\f147"}.fa-level-up:before{content:"\f148"}.fa-level-down:before{content:"\f149"}.fa-check-square:before{content:"\f14a"}.fa-pencil-square:before{content:"\f14b"}.fa-external-link-square:before{content:"\f14c"}.fa-share-square:before{content:"\f14d"}.fa-compass:before{content:"\f14e"}.fa-toggle-down:before,.fa-caret-square-o-down:before{content:"\f150"}.fa-toggle-up:before,.fa-caret-square-o-up:before{content:"\f151"}.fa-toggle-right:before,.fa-caret-square-o-right:before{content:"\f152"}.fa-euro:before,.fa-eur:before{content:"\f153"}.fa-gbp:before{content:"\f154"}.fa-dollar:before,.fa-usd:before{content:"\f155"}.fa-rupee:before,.fa-inr:before{content:"\f156"}.fa-cny:before,.fa-rmb:before,.fa-yen:before,.fa-jpy:before{content:"\f157"}.fa-ruble:before,.fa-rouble:before,.fa-rub:before{content:"\f158"}.fa-won:before,.fa-krw:before{content:"\f159"}.fa-bitcoin:before,.fa-btc:before{content:"\f15a"}.fa-file:before{content:"\f15b"}.fa-file-text:before{content:"\f15c"}.fa-sort-alpha-asc:before{content:"\f15d"}.fa-sort-alpha-desc:before{content:"\f15e"}.fa-sort-amount-asc:before{content:"\f160"}.fa-sort-amount-desc:before{content:"\f161"}.fa-sort-numeric-asc:before{content:"\f162"}.fa-sort-numeric-desc:before{content:"\f163"}.fa-thumbs-up:before{content:"\f164"}.fa-thumbs-down:before{content:"\f165"}.fa-youtube-square:before{content:"\f166"}.fa-youtube:before{content:"\f167"}.fa-xing:before{content:"\f168"}.fa-xing-square:before{content:"\f169"}.fa-youtube-play:before{content:"\f16a"}.fa-dropbox:before{content:"\f16b"}.fa-stack-overflow:before{content:"\f16c"}.fa-instagram:before{content:"\f16d"}.fa-flickr:before{content:"\f16e"}.fa-adn:before{content:"\f170"}.fa-bitbucket:before{content:"\f171"}.fa-bitbucket-square:before{content:"\f172"}.fa-tumblr:before{content:"\f173"}.fa-tumblr-square:before{content:"\f174"}.fa-long-arrow-down:before{content:"\f175"}.fa-long-arrow-up:before{content:"\f176"}.fa-long-arrow-left:before{content:"\f177"}.fa-long-arrow-right:before{content:"\f178"}.fa-apple:before{content:"\f179"}.fa-windows:before{content:"\f17a"}.fa-android:before{content:"\f17b"}.fa-linux:before{content:"\f17c"}.fa-dribbble:before{content:"\f17d"}.fa-skype:before{content:"\f17e"}.fa-foursquare:before{content:"\f180"}.fa-trello:before{content:"\f181"}.fa-female:before{content:"\f182"}.fa-male:before{content:"\f183"}.fa-gittip:before,.fa-gratipay:before{content:"\f184"}.fa-sun-o:before{content:"\f185"}.fa-moon-o:before{content:"\f186"}.fa-archive:before{content:"\f187"}.fa-bug:before{content:"\f188"}.fa-vk:before{content:"\f189"}.fa-weibo:before{content:"\f18a"}.fa-renren:before{content:"\f18b"}.fa-pagelines:before{content:"\f18c"}.fa-stack-exchange:before{content:"\f18d"}.fa-arrow-circle-o-right:before{content:"\f18e"}.fa-arrow-circle-o-left:before{content:"\f190"}.fa-toggle-left:before,.fa-caret-square-o-left:before{content:"\f191"}.fa-dot-circle-o:before{content:"\f192"}.fa-wheelchair:before{content:"\f193"}.fa-vimeo-square:before{content:"\f194"}.fa-turkish-lira:before,.fa-try:before{content:"\f195"}.fa-plus-square-o:before{content:"\f196"}.fa-space-shuttle:before{content:"\f197"}.fa-slack:before{content:"\f198"}.fa-envelope-square:before{content:"\f199"}.fa-wordpress:before{content:"\f19a"}.fa-openid:before{content:"\f19b"}.fa-institution:before,.fa-bank:before,.fa-university:before{content:"\f19c"}.fa-mortar-board:before,.fa-graduation-cap:before{content:"\f19d"}.fa-yahoo:before{content:"\f19e"}.fa-google:before{content:"\f1a0"}.fa-reddit:before{content:"\f1a1"}.fa-reddit-square:before{content:"\f1a2"}.fa-stumbleupon-circle:before{content:"\f1a3"}.fa-stumbleupon:before{content:"\f1a4"}.fa-delicious:before{content:"\f1a5"}.fa-digg:before{content:"\f1a6"}.fa-pied-piper-pp:before{content:"\f1a7"}.fa-pied-piper-alt:before{content:"\f1a8"}.fa-drupal:before{content:"\f1a9"}.fa-joomla:before{content:"\f1aa"}.fa-language:before{content:"\f1ab"}.fa-fax:before{content:"\f1ac"}.fa-building:before{content:"\f1ad"}.fa-child:before{content:"\f1ae"}.fa-paw:before{content:"\f1b0"}.fa-spoon:before{content:"\f1b1"}.fa-cube:before{content:"\f1b2"}.fa-cubes:before{content:"\f1b3"}.fa-behance:before{content:"\f1b4"}.fa-behance-square:before{content:"\f1b5"}.fa-steam:before{content:"\f1b6"}.fa-steam-square:before{content:"\f1b7"}.fa-recycle:before{content:"\f1b8"}.fa-automobile:before,.fa-car:before{content:"\f1b9"}.fa-cab:before,.fa-taxi:before{content:"\f1ba"}.fa-tree:before{content:"\f1bb"}.fa-spotify:before{content:"\f1bc"}.fa-deviantart:before{content:"\f1bd"}.fa-soundcloud:before{content:"\f1be"}.fa-database:before{content:"\f1c0"}.fa-file-pdf-o:before{content
46:"\f1c1"}.fa-file-word-o:before{content:"\f1c2"}.fa-file-excel-o:before{content:"\f1c3"}.fa-file-powerpoint-o:before{content:"\f1c4"}.fa-file-photo-o:before,.fa-file-picture-o:before,.fa-file-image-o:before{content:"\f1c5"}.fa-file-zip-o:before,.fa-file-archive-o:before{content:"\f1c6"}.fa-file-sound-o:before,.fa-file-audio-o:before{content:"\f1c7"}.fa-file-movie-o:before,.fa-file-video-o:before{content:"\f1c8"}.fa-file-code-o:before{content:"\f1c9"}.fa-vine:before{content:"\f1ca"}.fa-codepen:before{content:"\f1cb"}.fa-jsfiddle:before{content:"\f1cc"}.fa-life-bouy:before,.fa-life-buoy:before,.fa-life-saver:before,.fa-support:before,.fa-life-ring:before{content:"\f1cd"}.fa-circle-o-notch:before{content:"\f1ce"}.fa-ra:before,.fa-resistance:before,.fa-rebel:before{content:"\f1d0"}.fa-ge:before,.fa-empire:before{content:"\f1d1"}.fa-git-square:before{content:"\f1d2"}.fa-git:before{content:"\f1d3"}.fa-y-combinator-square:before,.fa-yc-square:before,.fa-hacker-news:before{content:"\f1d4"}.fa-tencent-weibo:before{content:"\f1d5"}.fa-qq:before{content:"\f1d6"}.fa-wechat:before,.fa-weixin:before{content:"\f1d7"}.fa-send:before,.fa-paper-plane:before{content:"\f1d8"}.fa-send-o:before,.fa-paper-plane-o:before{content:"\f1d9"}.fa-history:before{content:"\f1da"}.fa-circle-thin:before{content:"\f1db"}.fa-header:before{content:"\f1dc"}.fa-paragraph:before{content:"\f1dd"}.fa-sliders:before{content:"\f1de"}.fa-share-alt:before{content:"\f1e0"}.fa-share-alt-square:before{content:"\f1e1"}.fa-bomb:before{content:"\f1e2"}.fa-soccer-ball-o:before,.fa-futbol-o:before{content:"\f1e3"}.fa-tty:before{content:"\f1e4"}.fa-binoculars:before{content:"\f1e5"}.fa-plug:before{content:"\f1e6"}.fa-slideshare:before{content:"\f1e7"}.fa-twitch:before{content:"\f1e8"}.fa-yelp:before{content:"\f1e9"}.fa-newspaper-o:before{content:"\f1ea"}.fa-wifi:before{content:"\f1eb"}.fa-calculator:before{content:"\f1ec"}.fa-paypal:before{content:"\f1ed"}.fa-google-wallet:before{content:"\f1ee"}.fa-cc-visa:before{content:"\f1f0"}.fa-cc-mastercard:before{content:"\f1f1"}.fa-cc-discover:before{content:"\f1f2"}.fa-cc-amex:before{content:"\f1f3"}.fa-cc-paypal:before{content:"\f1f4"}.fa-cc-stripe:before{content:"\f1f5"}.fa-bell-slash:before{content:"\f1f6"}.fa-bell-slash-o:before{content:"\f1f7"}.fa-trash:before{content:"\f1f8"}.fa-copyright:before{content:"\f1f9"}.fa-at:before{content:"\f1fa"}.fa-eyedropper:before{content:"\f1fb"}.fa-paint-brush:before{content:"\f1fc"}.fa-birthday-cake:before{content:"\f1fd"}.fa-area-chart:before{content:"\f1fe"}.fa-pie-chart:before{content:"\f200"}.fa-line-chart:before{content:"\f201"}.fa-lastfm:before{content:"\f202"}.fa-lastfm-square:before{content:"\f203"}.fa-toggle-off:before{content:"\f204"}.fa-toggle-on:before{content:"\f205"}.fa-bicycle:before{content:"\f206"}.fa-bus:before{content:"\f207"}.fa-ioxhost:before{content:"\f208"}.fa-angellist:before{content:"\f209"}.fa-cc:before{content:"\f20a"}.fa-shekel:before,.fa-sheqel:before,.fa-ils:before{content:"\f20b"}.fa-meanpath:before{content:"\f20c"}.fa-buysellads:before{content:"\f20d"}.fa-connectdevelop:before{content:"\f20e"}.fa-dashcube:before{content:"\f210"}.fa-forumbee:before{content:"\f211"}.fa-leanpub:before{content:"\f212"}.fa-sellsy:before{content:"\f213"}.fa-shirtsinbulk:before{content:"\f214"}.fa-simplybuilt:before{content:"\f215"}.fa-skyatlas:before{content:"\f216"}.fa-cart-plus:before{content:"\f217"}.fa-cart-arrow-down:before{content:"\f218"}.fa-diamond:before{content:"\f219"}.fa-ship:before{content:"\f21a"}.fa-user-secret:before{content:"\f21b"}.fa-motorcycle:before{content:"\f21c"}.fa-street-view:before{content:"\f21d"}.fa-heartbeat:before{content:"\f21e"}.fa-venus:before{content:"\f221"}.fa-mars:before{content:"\f222"}.fa-mercury:before{content:"\f223"}.fa-intersex:before,.fa-transgender:before{content:"\f224"}.fa-transgender-alt:before{content:"\f225"}.fa-venus-double:before{content:"\f226"}.fa-mars-double:before{content:"\f227"}.fa-venus-mars:before{content:"\f228"}.fa-mars-stroke:before{content:"\f229"}.fa-mars-stroke-v:before{content:"\f22a"}.fa-mars-stroke-h:before{content:"\f22b"}.fa-neuter:before{content:"\f22c"}.fa-genderless:before{content:"\f22d"}.fa-facebook-official:before{content:"\f230"}.fa-pinterest-p:before{content:"\f231"}.fa-whatsapp:before{content:"\f232"}.fa-server:before{content:"\f233"}.fa-user-plus:before{content:"\f234"}.fa-user-times:before{content:"\f235"}.fa-hotel:before,.fa-bed:before{content:"\f236"}.fa-viacoin:before{content:"\f237"}.fa-train:before{content:"\f238"}.fa-subway:before{content:"\f239"}.fa-medium:before{content:"\f23a"}.fa-yc:before,.fa-y-combinator:before{content:"\f23b"}.fa-optin-monster:before{content:"\f23c"}.fa-opencart:before{content:"\f23d"}.fa-expeditedssl:before{content:"\f23e"}.fa-battery-4:before,.fa-battery:before,.fa-battery-full:before{content:"\f240"}.fa-battery-3:before,.fa-battery-three-quarters:before{content:"\f241"}.fa-battery-2:before,.fa-battery-half:before{content:"\f242"}.fa-battery-1:before,.fa-battery-quarter:before{content:"\f243"}.fa-battery-0:before,.fa-battery-empty:before{content:"\f244"}.fa-mouse-pointer:before{content:"\f245"}.fa-i-cursor:before{content:"\f246"}.fa-object-group:before{content:"\f247"}.fa-object-ungroup:before{content:"\f248"}.fa-sticky-note:before{content:"\f249"}.fa-sticky-note-o:before{content:"\f24a"}.fa-cc-jcb:before{content:"\f24b"}.fa-cc-diners-club:before{content:"\f24c"}.fa-clone:before{content:"\f24d"}.fa-balance-scale:before{content:"\f24e"}.fa-hourglass-o:before{content:"\f250"}.fa-hourglass-1:before,.fa-hourglass-start:before{content:"\f251"}.fa-hourglass-2:before,.fa-hourglass-half:before{content:"\f252"}.fa-hourglass-3:before,.fa-hourglass-end:before{content:"\f253"}.fa-hourglass:before{content:"\f254"}.fa-hand-grab-o:before,.fa-hand-rock-o:before{content:"\f255"}.fa-hand-stop-o:before,.fa-hand-paper-o:before{content:"\f256"}.fa-hand-scissors-o:before{content:"\f257"}.fa-hand-lizard-o:before{content:"\f258"}.fa-hand-spock-o:before{content:"\f259"}.fa-hand-pointer-o:before{content:"\f25a"}.fa-hand-peace-o:before{content:"\f25b"}.fa-trademark:before{content:"\f25c"}.fa-registered:before{content:"\f25d"}.fa-creative-commons:before{content:"\f25e"}.fa-gg:before{content:"\f260"}.fa-gg-circle:before{content:"\f261"}.fa-tripadvisor:before{content:"\f262"}.fa-odnoklassniki:before{content:"\f263"}.fa-odnoklassniki-square:before{content:"\f264"}.fa-get-pocket:before{content:"\f265"}.fa-wikipedia-w:before{content:"\f266"}.fa-safari:before{content:"\f267"}.fa-chrome:before{content:"\f268"}.fa-firefox:before{content:"\f269"}.fa-opera:before{content:"\f26a"}
46.fa-internet-explorer:before{content:"\f26b"}.fa-tv:before,.fa-television:before{content:"\f26c"}.fa-contao:before{content:"\f26d"}.fa-500px:before{content:"\f26e"}.fa-amazon:before{content:"\f270"}.fa-calendar-plus-o:before{content:"\f271"}.fa-calendar-minus-o:before{content:"\f272"}.fa-calendar-times-o:before{content:"\f273"}.fa-calendar-check-o:before{content:"\f274"}.fa-industry:before{content:"\f275"}.fa-map-pin:before{content:"\f276"}.fa-map-signs:before{content:"\f277"}.fa-map-o:before{content:"\f278"}.fa-map:before{content:"\f279"}.fa-commenting:before{content:"\f27a"}.fa-commenting-o:before{content:"\f27b"}.fa-houzz:before{content:"\f27c"}.fa-vimeo:before{content:"\f27d"}.fa-black-tie:before{content:"\f27e"}.fa-fonticons:before{content:"\f280"}.fa-reddit-alien:before{content:"\f281"}.fa-edge:before{content:"\f282"}.fa-credit-card-alt:before{content:"\f283"}.fa-codiepie:before{content:"\f284"}.fa-modx:before{content:"\f285"}.fa-fort-awesome:before{content:"\f286"}.fa-usb:before{content:"\f287"}.fa-product-hunt:before{content:"\f288"}.fa-mixcloud:before{content:"\f289"}.fa-scribd:before{content:"\f28a"}.fa-pause-circle:before{content:"\f28b"}.fa-pause-circle-o:before{content:"\f28c"}.fa-stop-circle:before{content:"\f28d"}.fa-stop-circle-o:before{content:"\f28e"}.fa-shopping-bag:before{content:"\f290"}.fa-shopping-basket:before{content:"\f291"}.fa-hashtag:before{content:"\f292"}.fa-bluetooth:before{content:"\f293"}.fa-bluetooth-b:before{content:"\f294"}.fa-percent:before{content:"\f295"}.fa-gitlab:before{content:"\f296"}.fa-wpbeginner:before{content:"\f297"}.fa-wpforms:before{content:"\f298"}.fa-envira:before{content:"\f299"}.fa-universal-access:before{content:"\f29a"}.fa-wheelchair-alt:before{content:"\f29b"}.fa-question-circle-o:before{content:"\f29c"}.fa-blind:before{content:"\f29d"}.fa-audio-description:before{content:"\f29e"}.fa-volume-control-phone:before{content:"\f2a0"}.fa-braille:before{content:"\f2a1"}.fa-assistive-listening-systems:before{content:"\f2a2"}.fa-asl-interpreting:before,.fa-american-sign-language-interpreting:before{content:"\f2a3"}.fa-deafness:before,.fa-hard-of-hearing:before,.fa-deaf:before{content:"\f2a4"}.fa-glide:before{content:"\f2a5"}.fa-glide-g:before{content:"\f2a6"}.fa-signing:before,.fa-sign-language:before{content:"\f2a7"}.fa-low-vision:before{content:"\f2a8"}.fa-viadeo:before{content:"\f2a9"}.fa-viadeo-square:before{content:"\f2aa"}.fa-snapchat:before{content:"\f2ab"}.fa-snapchat-ghost:before{content:"\f2ac"}.fa-snapchat-square:before{content:"\f2ad"}.fa-pied-piper:before{content:"\f2ae"}.fa-first-order:before{content:"\f2b0"}.fa-yoast:before{content:"\f2b1"}.fa-themeisle:before{content:"\f2b2"}.fa-google-plus-circle:before,.fa-google-plus-official:before{content:"\f2b3"}.fa-fa:before,.fa-font-awesome:before{content:"\f2b4"}.fa-handshake-o:before{content:"\f2b5"}.fa-envelope-open:before{content:"\f2b6"}.fa-envelope-open-o:before{content:"\f2b7"}.fa-linode:before{content:"\f2b8"}.fa-address-book:before{content:"\f2b9"}.fa-address-book-o:before{content:"\f2ba"}.fa-vcard:before,.fa-address-card:before{content:"\f2bb"}.fa-vcard-o:before,.fa-address-card-o:before{content:"\f2bc"}.fa-user-circle:before{content:"\f2bd"}.fa-user-circle-o:before{content:"\f2be"}.fa-user-o:before{content:"\f2c0"}.fa-id-badge:before{content:"\f2c1"}.fa-drivers-license:before,.fa-id-card:before{content:"\f2c2"}.fa-drivers-license-o:before,.fa-id-card-o:before{content:"\f2c3"}.fa-quora:before{content:"\f2c4"}.fa-free-code-camp:before{content:"\f2c5"}.fa-telegram:before{content:"\f2c6"}.fa-thermometer-4:before,.fa-thermometer:before,.fa-thermometer-full:before{content:"\f2c7"}.fa-thermometer-3:before,.fa-thermometer-three-quarters:before{content:"\f2c8"}.fa-thermometer-2:before,.fa-thermometer-half:before{content:"\f2c9"}.fa-thermometer-1:before,.fa-thermometer-quarter:before{content:"\f2ca"}.fa-thermometer-0:before,.fa-thermometer-empty:before{content:"\f2cb"}.fa-shower:before{content:"\f2cc"}.fa-bathtub:before,.fa-s15:before,.fa-bath:before{content:"\f2cd"}.fa-podcast:before{content:"\f2ce"}.fa-window-maximize:before{content:"\f2d0"}.fa-window-minimize:before{content:"\f2d1"}.fa-window-restore:before{content:"\f2d2"}.fa-times-rectangle:before,.fa-window-close:before{content:"\f2d3"}.fa-times-rectangle-o:before,.fa-window-close-o:before{content:"\f2d4"}.fa-bandcamp:before{content:"\f2d5"}.fa-grav:before{content:"\f2d6"}.fa-etsy:before{content:"\f2d7"}.fa-imdb:before{content:"\f2d8"}.fa-ravelry:before{content:"\f2d9"}.fa-eercast:before{content:"\f2da"}.fa-microchip:before{content:"\f2db"}.fa-snowflake-o:before{content:"\f2dc"}.fa-superpowers:before{content:"\f2dd"}
46.fa-wpexplorer:before{content:"\f2de"}.fa-meetup:before{content:"\f2e0"}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0}.sr-only-focusable:active,.sr-only-focusable:focus{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;margin:0;overflow:visible;clip:auto} 47</style> 48<style type="text/css" media="all">@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkC3kaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkAnkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCnkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkBXkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkenkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0302-0303,U+0305,U+0307-0308,U+0310,U+0312,U+0315,U+031A,U+0326-0327,U+032C,U+032F-0330,U+0332-0333,U+0338,U+033A,U+0346,U+034D,U+0391-03A1,U+03A3-03A9,U+03B1-03C9,U+03D1,U+03D5-03D6,U+03F0-03F1,U+03F4-03F5,U+2016-2017,U+2034-2038,U+203C,U+2040,U+2043,U+2047,U+2050,U+2057,U+205F,U+2070-2071,U+2074-208E,U+2090-209C,U+20D0-20DC,U+20E1,U+20E5-20EF,U+2100-2112,U+2114-2115,U+2117-2121,U+2123-214F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-21AE,U+21B0-21E5,U+21F1-21F2,U+21F4-2211,U+2213-2214,U+2216-22FF,U+2308-230B,U+2310,U+2319,U+231C-2321,U+2336-237A,U+237C,U+2395,U+239B-23B7,U+23D0,U+23DC-23E1,U+2474-2475,U+25AF,U+25B3,U+25B7,U+25BD,U+25C1,U+25CA,U+25CC,U+25FB,U+266D-266F,U+27C0-27FF,U+2900-2AFF,U+2B0E-2B11,U+2B30-2B4C,U+2BFE,U+3030,U+FF5B,U+FF5D,U+1D400-1D7FF,U+1EE00-1EEFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkaHkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0001-000C,U+000E-001F,U+007F-009F,U+20DD-20E0,U+20E2-20E4,U+2150-218F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-2199,U+21AF,U+21E6-21F0,U+21F3,U+2218-2219,U+2299,U+22C4-22C6,U+2300-243F,U+2440-244A,U+2460-24FF,U+25A0-27BF,U+2800-28FF,U+2921-2922,U+2981,U+29BF,U+29EB,U+2B00-2BFF,U+4DC0-4DFF,U+FFF9-FFFB,U+10140-1018E,U+10190-1019C,U+101A0,U+101D0-101FD,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+1D2C0-1D2D3,U+1D2E0-1D37F,U+1F000-1F0FF,U+1F100-1F1AD,U+1F1E6-1F1FF,U+1F30D-1F30F,U+1F315,U+1F31C,U+1F31E,U+1F320-1F32C,U+1F336,U+1F378,U+1F37D,U+1F382,U+1F393-1F39F,U+1F3A7-1F3A8,U+1F3AC-1F3AF,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3C6,U+1F3CA-1F3CE,U+1F3D4-1F3E0,U+1F3ED,U+1F3F1-1F3F3,U+1F3F5-1F3F7,U+1F408,U+1F415,U+1F41F,U+1F426,U+1F43F,U+1F441-1F442,U+1F444,U+1F446-1F449,U+1F44C-1F44E,U+1F453,U+1F46A,U+1F47D,U+1F4A3,U+1F4B0,U+1F4B3,U+1F4B9,U+1F4BB,U+1F4BF,U+1F4C8-1F4CB,U+1F4D6,U+1F4DA,U+1F4DF,U+1F4E3-1F4E6,U+1F4EA-1F4ED,U+1F4F7,U+1F4F9-1F4FB,U+1F4FD-1F4FE,U+1F503,U+1F507-1F50B,U+1F50D,U+1F512-1F513,U+1F53E-1F54A,U+1F54F-1F5FA,U+1F610,U+1F650-1F67F,U+1F687,U+1F68D,U+1F691,U+1F694,U+1F698,U+1F6AD,U+1F6B2,U+1F6B9-1F6BA,U+1F6BC,U+1F6C6-1F6CF,U+1F6D3-1F6D7,U+1F6E0-1F6EA,U+1F6F0-1F6F3,U+1F6F7-1F6FC,U+1F700-1F7FF,U+1F800-1F80B,U+1F810-1F847,U+1F850-1F859,U+1F860-1F887,U+1F890-1F8AD,U+1F8B0-1F8BB,U+1F8C0-1F8C1,U+1F900-1F90B,U+1F93B,U+1F946,U+1F984,U+1F996,U+1F9E9,U+1FA00-1FA6F,U+1FA70-1FA7C,U+1FA80-1FA89,U+1FA8F-1FAC6,U+1FACE-1FADC,U+1FADF-1FAE9,U+1FAF0-1FAF8,U+1FB00-1FBFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;
48src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCXkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCHkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkBnkaSTbQWg.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkC3kaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkAnkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCnkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkBXkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkenkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0302-0303,U+0305,U+0307-0308,U+0310,U+0312,U+0315,U+031A,U+0326-0327,U+032C,U+032F-0330,U+0332-0333,U+0338,U+033A,U+0346,U+034D,U+0391-03A1,U+03A3-03A9,U+03B1-03C9,U+03D1,U+03D5-03D6,U+03F0-03F1,U+03F4-03F5,U+2016-2017,U+2034-2038,U+203C,U+2040,U+2043,U+2047,U+2050,U+2057,U+205F,U+2070-2071,U+2074-208E,U+2090-209C,U+20D0-20DC,U+20E1,U+20E5-20EF,U+2100-2112,U+2114-2115,U+2117-2121,U+2123-214F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-21AE,U+21B0-21E5,U+21F1-21F2,U+21F4-2211,U+2213-2214,U+2216-22FF,U+2308-230B,U+2310,U+2319,U+231C-2321,U+2336-237A,U+237C,U+2395,U+239B-23B7,U+23D0,U+23DC-23E1,U+2474-2475,U+25AF,U+25B3,U+25B7,U+25BD,U+25C1,U+25CA,U+25CC,U+25FB,U+266D-266F,U+27C0-27FF,U+2900-2AFF,U+2B0E-2B11,U+2B30-2B4C,U+2BFE,U+3030,U+FF5B,U+FF5D,U+1D400-1D7FF,U+1EE00-1EEFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkaHkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0001-000C,U+000E-001F,U+007F-009F,U+20DD-20E0,U+20E2-20E4,U+2150-218F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-2199,U+21AF,U+21E6-21F0,U+21F3,U+2218-2219,U+2299,U+22C4-22C6,U+2300-243F,U+2440-244A,U+2460-24FF,U+25A0-27BF,U+2800-28FF,U+2921-2922,U+2981,U+29BF,U+29EB,U+2B00-2BFF,U+4DC0-4DFF,U+FFF9-FFFB,U+10140-1018E,U+10190-1019C,U+101A0,U+101D0-101FD,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+1D2C0-1D2D3,U+1D2E0-1D37F,U+1F000-1F0FF,U+1F100-1F1AD,U+1F1E6-1F1FF,U+1F30D-1F30F,U+1F315,U+1F31C,U+1F31E,U+1F320-1F32C,U+1F336,U+1F378,U+1F37D,U+1F382,U+1F393-1F39F,U+1F3A7-1F3A8,U+1F3AC-1F3AF,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3C6,U+1F3CA-1F3CE,U+1F3D4-1F3E0,U+1F3ED,U+1F3F1-1F3F3,U+1F3F5-1F3F7,U+1F408,U+1F415,U+1F41F,U+1F426,U+1F43F,U+1F441-1F442,U+1F444,U+1F446-1F449,U+1F44C-1F44E,U+1F453,U+1F46A,U+1F47D,U+1F4A3,U+1F4B0,U+1F4B3,U+1F4B9,U+1F4BB,U+1F4BF,U+1F4C8-1F4CB,U+1F4D6,U+1F4DA,U+1F4DF,U+1F4E3-1F4E6,U+1F4EA-1F4ED,U+1F4F7,U+1F4F9-1F4FB,U+1F4FD-1F4FE,U+1F503,U+1F507-1F50B,U+1F50D,U+1F512-1F513,U+1F53E-1F54A,U+1F54F-1F5FA,U+1F610,U+1F650-1F67F,U+1F687,U+1F68D,U+1F691,U+1F694,U+1F698,U+1F6AD,U+1F6B2,U+1F6B9-1F6BA,U+1F6BC,U+1F6C6-1F6CF,U+1F6D3-1F6D7,U+1F6E0-1F6EA,U+1F6F0-1F6F3,U+1F6F7-1F6FC,U+1F700-1F7FF,U+1F800-1F80B,U+1F810-1F847,U+1F850-1F859,U+1F860-1F887,U+1F890-1F8AD,U+1F8B0-1F8BB,U+1F8C0-1F8C1,U+1F900-1F90B,U+1F93B,U+1F946,U+1F984,U+1F996,U+1F9E9,U+1FA00-1FA6F,U+1FA70-1FA7C,U+1FA80-1FA89,U+1FA8F-1FAC6,U+1FACE-1FADC,U+1FADF-1FAE9,U+1FAF0-1FAF8,U+1FB00-1FBFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;
48src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCXkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkCHkaSTbQWt4N.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO5CnqEu92Fr1Mu53ZEC9_Vu3r1gIhOszmkBnkaSTbQWg.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3GUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3iUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3CUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3-UBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMawCUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0302-0303,U+0305,U+0307-0308,U+0310,U+0312,U+0315,U+031A,U+0326-0327,U+032C,U+032F-0330,U+0332-0333,U+0338,U+033A,U+0346,U+034D,U+0391-03A1,U+03A3-03A9,U+03B1-03C9,U+03D1,U+03D5-03D6,U+03F0-03F1,U+03F4-03F5,U+2016-2017,U+2034-2038,U+203C,U+2040,U+2043,U+2047,U+2050,U+2057,U+205F,U+2070-2071,U+2074-208E,U+2090-209C,U+20D0-20DC,U+20E1,U+20E5-20EF,U+2100-2112,U+2114-2115,U+2117-2121,U+2123-214F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-21AE,U+21B0-21E5,U+21F1-21F2,U+21F4-2211,U+2213-2214,U+2216-22FF,U+2308-230B,U+2310,U+2319,U+231C-2321,U+2336-237A,U+237C,U+2395,U+239B-23B7,U+23D0,U+23DC-23E1,U+2474-2475,U+25AF,U+25B3,U+25B7,U+25BD,U+25C1,U+25CA,U+25CC,U+25FB,U+266D-266F,U+27C0-27FF,U+2900-2AFF,U+2B0E-2B11,U+2B30-2B4C,U+2BFE,U+3030,U+FF5B,U+FF5D,U+1D400-1D7FF,U+1EE00-1EEFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMaxKUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0001-000C,U+000E-001F,U+007F-009F,U+20DD-20E0,U+20E2-20E4,U+2150-218F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-2199,U+21AF,U+21E6-21F0,U+21F3,U+2218-2219,U+2299,U+22C4-22C6,U+2300-243F,U+2440-244A,U+2460-24FF,U+25A0-27BF,U+2800-28FF,U+2921-2922,U+2981,U+29BF,U+29EB,U+2B00-2BFF,U+4DC0-4DFF,U+FFF9-FFFB,U+10140-1018E,U+10190-1019C,U+101A0,U+101D0-101FD,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+1D2C0-1D2D3,U+1D2E0-1D37F,U+1F000-1F0FF,U+1F100-1F1AD,U+1F1E6-1F1FF,U+1F30D-1F30F,U+1F315,U+1F31C,U+1F31E,U+1F320-1F32C,U+1F336,U+1F378,U+1F37D,U+1F382,U+1F393-1F39F,U+1F3A7-1F3A8,U+1F3AC-1F3AF,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3C6,U+1F3CA-1F3CE,U+1F3D4-1F3E0,U+1F3ED,U+1F3F1-1F3F3,U+1F3F5-1F3F7,U+1F408,U+1F415,U+1F41F,U+1F426,U+1F43F,U+1F441-1F442,U+1F444,U+1F446-1F449,U+1F44C-1F44E,U+1F453,U+1F46A,U+1F47D,U+1F4A3,U+1F4B0,U+1F4B3,U+1F4B9,U+1F4BB,U+1F4BF,U+1F4C8-1F4CB,U+1F4D6,U+1F4DA,U+1F4DF,U+1F4E3-1F4E6,U+1F4EA-1F4ED,U+1F4F7,U+1F4F9-1F4FB,U+1F4FD-1F4FE,U+1F503,U+1F507-1F50B,U+1F50D,U+1F512-1F513,U+1F53E-1F54A,U+1F54F-1F5FA,U+1F610,U+1F650-1F67F,U+1F687,U+1F68D,U+1F691,U+1F694,U+1F698,U+1F6AD,U+1F6B2,U+1F6B9-1F6BA,U+1F6BC,U+1F6C6-1F6CF,U+1F6D3-1F6D7,U+1F6E0-1F6EA,U+1F6F0-1F6F3,U+1F6F7-1F6FC,U+1F700-1F7FF,U+1F800-1F80B,U+1F810-1F847,U+1F850-1F859,U+1F860-1F887,U+1F890-1F8AD,U+1F8B0-1F8BB,U+1F8C0-1F8C1,U+1F900-1F90B,U+1F93B,U+1F946,U+1F984,U+1F996,U+1F9E9,U+1FA00-1FA6F,U+1FA70-1FA7C,U+1FA80-1FA89,U+1FA8F-1FAC6,U+1FACE-1FADC,U+1FADF-1FAE9,U+1FAF0-1FAF8,U+1FB00-1FBFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;
48src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3OUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3KUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3yUBHMdazQ.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3GUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3iUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3CUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3-UBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMawCUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0302-0303,U+0305,U+0307-0308,U+0310,U+0312,U+0315,U+031A,U+0326-0327,U+032C,U+032F-0330,U+0332-0333,U+0338,U+033A,U+0346,U+034D,U+0391-03A1,U+03A3-03A9,U+03B1-03C9,U+03D1,U+03D5-03D6,U+03F0-03F1,U+03F4-03F5,U+2016-2017,U+2034-2038,U+203C,U+2040,U+2043,U+2047,U+2050,U+2057,U+205F,U+2070-2071,U+2074-208E,U+2090-209C,U+20D0-20DC,U+20E1,U+20E5-20EF,U+2100-2112,U+2114-2115,U+2117-2121,U+2123-214F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-21AE,U+21B0-21E5,U+21F1-21F2,U+21F4-2211,U+2213-2214,U+2216-22FF,U+2308-230B,U+2310,U+2319,U+231C-2321,U+2336-237A,U+237C,U+2395,U+239B-23B7,U+23D0,U+23DC-23E1,U+2474-2475,U+25AF,U+25B3,U+25B7,U+25BD,U+25C1,U+25CA,U+25CC,U+25FB,U+266D-266F,U+27C0-27FF,U+2900-2AFF,U+2B0E-2B11,U+2B30-2B4C,U+2BFE,U+3030,U+FF5B,U+FF5D,U+1D400-1D7FF,U+1EE00-1EEFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMaxKUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0001-000C,U+000E-001F,U+007F-009F,U+20DD-20E0,U+20E2-20E4,U+2150-218F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-2199,U+21AF,U+21E6-21F0,U+21F3,U+2218-2219,U+2299,U+22C4-22C6,U+2300-243F,U+2440-244A,U+2460-24FF,U+25A0-27BF,U+2800-28FF,U+2921-2922,U+2981,U+29BF,U+29EB,U+2B00-2BFF,U+4DC0-4DFF,U+FFF9-FFFB,U+10140-1018E,U+10190-1019C,U+101A0,U+101D0-101FD,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+1D2C0-1D2D3,U+1D2E0-1D37F,U+1F000-1F0FF,U+1F100-1F1AD,U+1F1E6-1F1FF,U+1F30D-1F30F,U+1F315,U+1F31C,U+1F31E,U+1F320-1F32C,U+1F336,U+1F378,U+1F37D,U+1F382,U+1F393-1F39F,U+1F3A7-1F3A8,U+1F3AC-1F3AF,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3C6,U+1F3CA-1F3CE,U+1F3D4-1F3E0,U+1F3ED,U+1F3F1-1F3F3,U+1F3F5-1F3F7,U+1F408,U+1F415,U+1F41F,U+1F426,U+1F43F,U+1F441-1F442,U+1F444,U+1F446-1F449,U+1F44C-1F44E,U+1F453,U+1F46A,U+1F47D,U+1F4A3,U+1F4B0,U+1F4B3,U+1F4B9,U+1F4BB,U+1F4BF,U+1F4C8-1F4CB,U+1F4D6,U+1F4DA,U+1F4DF,U+1F4E3-1F4E6,U+1F4EA-1F4ED,U+1F4F7,U+1F4F9-1F4FB,U+1F4FD-1F4FE,U+1F503,U+1F507-1F50B,U+1F50D,U+1F512-1F513,U+1F53E-1F54A,U+1F54F-1F5FA,U+1F610,U+1F650-1F67F,U+1F687,U+1F68D,U+1F691,U+1F694,U+1F698,U+1F6AD,U+1F6B2,U+1F6B9-1F6BA,U+1F6BC,U+1F6C6-1F6CF,U+1F6D3-1F6D7,U+1F6E0-1F6EA,U+1F6F0-1F6F3,U+1F6F7-1F6FC,U+1F700-1F7FF,U+1F800-1F80B,U+1F810-1F847,U+1F850-1F859,U+1F860-1F887,U+1F890-1F8AD,U+1F8B0-1F8BB,U+1F8C0-1F8C1,U+1F900-1F90B,U+1F93B,U+1F946,U+1F984,U+1F996,U+1F9E9,U+1FA00-1FA6F,U+1FA70-1FA7C,U+1FA80-1FA89,U+1FA8F-1FAC6,U+1FACE-1FADC,U+1FADF-1FAE9,U+1FAF0-1FAF8,U+1FB00-1FBFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;
48src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3OUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3KUBHMdazTgWw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-stretch:100%;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v51/KFO7CnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMa3yUBHMdazQ.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto Condensed';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/robotocondensed/v31/ieVo2ZhZI2eCN5jzbjEETS9weq8-_d6T_POl0fRJeyVVpcBD5XxjLdSL17o24Q.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto Condensed';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/robotocondensed/v31/ieVo2ZhZI2eCN5jzbjEETS9weq8-_d6T_POl0fRJeyVVpcBK5XxjLdSL17o24Q.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto Condensed';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/robotocondensed/v31/ieVo2ZhZI2eCN5jzbjEETS9weq8-_d6T_POl0fRJeyVVpcBC5XxjLdSL17o24Q.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto Condensed';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/robotocondensed/v31/ieVo2ZhZI2eCN5jzbjEETS9weq8-_d6T_POl0fRJeyVVpcBN5XxjLdSL17o24Q.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto Condensed';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/robotocondensed/v31/ieVo2ZhZI2eCN5jzbjEETS9weq8-_d6T_POl0fRJeyVVpcBB5XxjLdSL17o24Q.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto Condensed';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/robotocondensed/v31/ieVo2ZhZI2eCN5jzbjEETS9weq8-_d6T_POl0fRJeyVVpcBA5XxjLdSL17o24Q.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto Condensed';font-display:block;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/robotocondensed/v31/ieVo2ZhZI2eCN5jzbjEETS9weq8-_d6T_POl0fRJeyVVpcBO5XxjLdSL17o.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}</style> 49<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css"> 50img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px} 51/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */ 52</style> 53<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css"> 54:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}
54.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-color]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}} 55 56/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/common.min.css */ 57</style> 58<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css"> 59/*! This file is auto-generated */ 60.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} 61/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css */ 62</style> 63 64<style id="global-styles-inline-css"> 65:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,
650) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}:where(body) { margin: 0; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}
65.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} 66/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */ 67</style> 68 69<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpo_min-header-0-css' href='https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1789696980/assets/wpo-minify-header-062f2363.min.css' media='all' />
70<script id="wpo_min-header-0-js" src="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1789696980/assets/wpo-minify-header-41963568.min.js"></script>
70 71<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/2571" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> 72<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 7.0.6" /> 73<link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/?p=2571' /> 74<!--[if lt IE 9]>
75<script src="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/themes/moesia/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
75 76<![endif]--> 77 <style type="text/css"> 78 @media only screen and (min-width: 1025px) { 79 .has-banner:after { 80 background-image: url(https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-lodewijk_1920-1080.jpg); 81 } 82 } 83 </style> 84 <style media="all" id="siteorigin-panels-layouts-head">/* Layout 2571 */ #pgc-2571-0-0 { width:100%;width:calc(100% - ( 0 * 30px ) ) } #pl-2571 .so-panel { margin-bottom:30px } #pl-2571 .so-panel:last-of-type { margin-bottom:0px } @media (max-width:780px){ #pg-2571-0.panel-no-style, #pg-2571-0.panel-has-style > .panel-row-style, #pg-2571-0 { -webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column } #pg-2571-0 > .panel-grid-cell , #pg-2571-0 > .panel-row-style > .panel-grid-cell { width:100%;margin-right:0 } #pl-2571 .panel-grid-cell { padding:0 } #pg-2571-0 .panel-grid-cell-empty { display:none } #pl-2571 .panel-grid .panel-grid-cell-mobile-last { margin-bottom:0px } } </style><link rel="icon" href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-icons8-book-96-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> 85<link rel="icon" href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-icons8-book-96-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> 86<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-icons8-book-96-180x180.png" /> 87<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-icons8-book-96-270x270.png" /> 88<style id="sccss">@media only screen and (min-width: 1025px) { 89 .has-banner,.has-banner::after { max-height:600px!important; } 90} 91 92@media only screen and (min-width: 1300px) { 93 .has-banner,.has-banner::after { max-height:750px!important; } 94} 95footer#colophon { 96 display: none; 97} 98.sidebar-column { 99 width: 100%; 100} 101.pp-icon { 102 display: none; 103} 104cite { 105 font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; 106 font-weight: 700; 107 background-color: #ffffff; 108 font-size: 18px; 109 line-height: 1.5; 110 -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; 111} 112.bolbox { 113 display: block; 114 padding: 1px; 115 background: #FFFFFF; 116 margin: auto; 117 float: left; 118 width: 100%; 119} 120.single span.author.vcard, .single i.fa.fa-user { 121 display: none; 122} 123.video-container { 124 position: relative; 125 padding-bottom: 56.25%; 126 padding-top: 30px; 127 height: 0; 128 overflow: hidden; 129} 130 131.video-container iframe, 132.video-container object, 133.video-container embed { 134 position: absolute; 135 top: 0; 136 left: 0; 137 width: 100%; 138 height: 100%; 139} 140 141.entry-content img, 142.entry-content iframe, 143.entry-content object, 144.entry-content embed { 145 max-width: 100%; 146} 147</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='wpo_min-footer-0-css' href='https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1789696980/assets/wpo-minify-footer-e0150f9b.min.css' media='all' /> 148<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpo_min-footer-1-css' href='https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1789696980/assets/wpo-minify-footer-3bdb1aba.min.css' media='all' /> 149 150</head> 151 152<body class="wp-singular page-template-default page page-id-2571 wp-theme-moesia siteorigin-panels siteorigin-panels-before-js"> 153 154<div id="page" class="hfeed site"> 155 <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> 156 157 <div class="top-bar"> 158 <div class="container"> 159 <div class="site-branding col-md-4"><h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/" rel="home">Lodewijk Petram</a></h1><h2 class="site-description">Schrijver, historicus & econoom</h2></div><button class="menu-toggle btn"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></button> 160 <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation col-md-8" role="navigation"><div class="menu-menu-1-container"><ul id="menu-menu-1" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-10" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-10"><a href="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/">Home</a></li> 161<li id="menu-item-3484" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3484"><a href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/in-de-schaduw-van-de-stad/">In de schaduw van de stad</a></li> 162<li id="menu-item-3221" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3221"><a href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/de-oorlog-tegemoet-nederlanders-en-de-strijd-om-spanje-1936-1939/">Spanjestrijders</a></li> 163<li id="menu-item-2573" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-2571 current_page_item menu-item-2573"><a href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/de-vergeten-bankencrisis/" aria-current="page" title="De vergeten bankencrisis">Bankencrisis</a></li> 164<li id="menu-item-2670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2670"><a href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/de-bakermat-van-de-beurs-voc-aandeel/" title="De bakermat van de beurs">Beurs</a></li> 165<li id="menu-item-2672" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2672"><a href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/nieuws/">Nieuws</a></li> 166<li id="menu-item-2950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2950"><a href="#sidebar-footer">Contact</a></li> 167</ul></div></nav><span class="nav-search"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></span><span class="nav-deco"></span><div class="nav-search-box"> 168<div class="search-wrapper"> 169 <form role="search" method="get" class="moesia-search-form" action="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/"> 170 <span class="search-close"><i class="fa fa-times"></i></span> 171 <label> 172 <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> 173 <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" title="Search for:" /> 174 </label> 175 <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="" /> 176 </form> 177</div></div></div></div> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> 178 </header><!-- #masthead --> 179
180 <div id="content" class="site-content clearfix container"> 181 182 <div id="primary" class="content-area"> 183 <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> 184 185 186 187<article id="post-2571" class="post-2571 page type-page status-publish hentry"> 188 189 190 <header class="entry-header"> 191 <h1 class="entry-title">De vergeten bankencrisis</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> 192 193 <div class="entry-content"> 194 <div id="pl-2571" class="panel-layout" ><div id="pg-2571-0" class="panel-grid panel-no-style" ><div id="pgc-2571-0-0" class="panel-grid-cell" ><div id="panel-2571-0-0-0" class="so-panel widget widget_media_video panel-first-child" data-index="0" ><div style="width:100%;" class="wp-video"><video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-2571-1" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/youtube" src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3SFe8xQgpQ&_=1" /><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3SFe8xQgpQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3SFe8xQgpQ</a></video></div></div><div id="panel-2571-0-0-1" class="so-panel widget widget_sow-editor" data-index="1" ><div 195 196 class="so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base" 197 198 > 199<div class="siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget"> 200 <p><a href="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/1-e1448220608895.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-2877 alignleft" src="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/9200000051833529.jpg" alt="Lodewijk Petram | De vergeten bankencrisis (omslag)" width="99" height="155" srcset="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/9200000051833529.jpg 99w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/9200000051833529-96x150.jpg 96w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 99px) 100vw, 99px" /></a></p> 201<p><strong>Van de achterflap:</strong></p> 202<p>âVasthouden!â Het is 30 juni 1924 en minister van Financiën Hendrik Colijn aarzelt geen moment wanneer de grootste bank van het land op omvallen staat. De Rotterdamsche Bankvereeniging, een van de banken die later in ABN Amro zijn opgegaan, moet overeind gehouden worden. Pers, politiek en publiek reageren hevig verontwaardigd: jarenlang zijn er miljoenenwinsten verdeeld onder directie en aandeelhouders en nu is er plotseling gemeenschapsgeld nodig. Hoe is het zover gekomen?</p> 203<p>Lodewijk Petram neemt de lezer mee naar de oververhitte jaren na het einde van de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Hij geeft een scherp beeld van de verstikkende wedloop waarin de banken verwikkeld raken en portretteert op prachtige wijze de excentrieke hoofdfiguren van de crisis: de overambitieuze en naïeve bankier Westerman, de sluwe zakenman Kröller en de kordate minister Colijn.</p> 204<p>De gelijkenis met het recente verleden is verbluffend en daarmee ook verontrustend, temeer omdat er in de jaren twintig geen maatregelen worden genomen om herhaling te voorkomen doordat de herinnering aan de crisis razendsnel vervaagt. Lodewijk Petram haalt deze vergeten bankencrisis met ongekende verve naar boven.</p> 205<hr /> 206<p><strong><em>De vergeten bankencrisis</em> (Uitgeverij Atlas-Contact) is beschikbaar als paperback en e-book:</strong></p> 207<div class="entry-content"><a href="http://partnerprogramma.bol.com/click/click?p=1&t=url&s=38468&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bol.com%2Fnl%2Fp%2Fde-vergeten-bankencrisis%2F9200000051833529%2F&f=WP_PDL&subid=&name=De+vergeten+bankencrisis" target="_blank" rel="attachment noopener wp-att-2863"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft wp-image-2877 size-full" src="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/9200000051833529.jpg" alt="Lodewijk Petram | De vergeten bankencrisis (omslag)" width="60" height="94" srcset="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/9200000051833529.jpg 99w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/9200000051833529-96x150.jpg 96w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px" /></a><strong><em><a href="http://partnerprogramma.bol.com/click/click?p=1&t=url&s=38468&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bol.com%2Fnl%2Fp%2Fde-vergeten-bankencrisis%2F9200000051833529%2F&f=WP_PDL&subid=&name=De+vergeten+bankencrisis" target="_blank" rel="noopener">De vergeten bankencrisis</a></em></strong><br /> 208<strong>Lodewijk Petram</strong><br /> 209<strong><span style="color: #a3a3a3;">⬠22,99</span></strong></div> 210<div class="entry-content"><a href="http://partnerprogramma.bol.com/click/click?p=1&t=url&s=38468&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bol.com%2Fnl%2Fp%2Fde-vergeten-bankencrisis%2F9200000056985992%2F&f=WP_PDL&subid=&name=De+vergeten+bankencrisis" target="_blank" rel="attachment noopener wp-att-2863"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft wp-image-2877 size-full" src="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/9200000051833529.jpg" alt="Lodewijk Petram | De vergeten bankencrisis (omslag)" width="60" height="94" srcset="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/9200000051833529.jpg 99w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/9200000051833529-96x150.jpg 96w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 60px) 100v
210w, 60px" /></a><strong><em><a href="http://partnerprogramma.bol.com/click/click?p=1&t=url&s=38468&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bol.com%2Fnl%2Fp%2Fde-vergeten-bankencrisis%2F9200000056985992%2F&f=WP_PDL&subid=&name=De+vergeten+bankencrisis" target="_blank" rel="noopener">De vergeten bankencrisis</a></em></strong><br /> 211<strong>Lodewijk Petram</strong><br /> 212<strong><span style="color: #a3a3a3;">⬠9,99 </span></strong></div> 213<div class="entry-content"><strong>Lees <a href="http://athenaeum.nl/leesfragmenten/2016/lodewijk-petram-de-vergeten-bankencrisis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">hier</a> alvast het eerste hoofdstuk.</strong></div> 214</div> 215</div></div><div id="panel-2571-0-0-2" class="so-panel widget widget_moesia_testimonials moesia_testimonials_widget" data-index="2" > <section id="testimonials" class="testimonials-area"> 216 <div class="container"> 217 <h3 class="widget-title"><span class="wow bounce">Recensies van De vergeten bankencrisis</span></h3> <div class="testimonial col-md-6 col-sm-6 fadeInUp"> 218 <div class="testimonial-body"><blockquote><p>Een spannende thriller.</p></blockquote> 219</div> 220 221 <img decoding="async" class="client-photo col-md-4" src="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Roterodamum_klein.png" alt="Juryrapport Mr. J. Dutilhprijs"> 222 223 <h4 class="client-name col-md-8">Juryrapport Mr. J. Dutilhprijs</h4> 224 <span class="client-function col-md-8">20 april 2018</span> 225 226 </div> 227 <div class="testimonial col-md-6 col-sm-6 fadeInUp"> 228 <div class="testimonial-body"><blockquote><p>Een rijk en met vaart geschreven boek dat alarmbellen zou moeten doen rinkelen.</p></blockquote> 229<p><a href="http://www.maandvandegeschiedenis.nl/image/2016/10/30/embargo_persbericht_winnaar_libris_geschiedenis_prijs_2016.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Volledig juryrapport</a></p> 230</div> 231 232 <img decoding="async" class="client-photo col-md-4" src="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/lpg-logo_cmyk_lbrs_100x100.jpg" alt="Juryrapport Libris Geschiedenisprijs"> 233 234 <h4 class="client-name col-md-8">Juryrapport Libris Geschiedenisprijs</h4> 235 <span class="client-function col-md-8">30 oktober 2016</span> 236 237 </div> 238 <div class="testimonial col-md-6 col-sm-6 fadeInUp"> 239 <div class="testimonial-body"><blockquote><p>Een eyeopener, […] ik hoop dat hij [de Libris Geschiedenisprijs] wint.</p></blockquote> 240<p>Luister de uitzending <a href="https://dcur8bjarl5c2.cloudfront.net/rijnmond/media/2016/10/01/asset-2701107-1475309238982470.mp3" target="_blank">hier</a> terug (rond 47:00).</p> 241</div> 242 243 <img decoding="async" class="client-photo col-md-4" src="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Logo-RTV-Rijnmond-augustus-2004-groot.gif" alt="Radio Rijnmond – Hubert van Belois"> 244 245 <h4 class="client-name col-md-8">Radio Rijnmond – Hubert van Belois</h4> 246 <span class="client-function col-md-8">1 oktober 2016</span> 247 248 </div> 249 <div class="testimonial col-md-6 col-sm-6 fadeInUp"> 250 <div class="testimonial-body"><blockquote><p>Zeer goed geschreven historische studie. […] Bezit ook duidelijk actualiteitswaarde.</p></blockquote> 251</div> 252 253 <img decoding="async" class="client-photo col-md-4" src="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/logo_hn.png" alt="Historisch Nieuwsblad – Rob Hartmans"> 254 255 <h4 class="client-name col-md-8">Historisch Nieuwsblad – Rob Hartmans</h4> 256 <span class="client-function col-md-8">Oktober 2016</span> 257 258 </div> 259 </div> 260 <a href="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/quotes-uit-recensies-de-vergeten-bankencrisis/" class="all-news"> 261 Meer quotes uit recensies van De vergeten bankencrisis </a> 262 263 264 </section> 265 </div><div id="panel-2571-0-0-3" class="so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-last-child" data-index="3" ><div 266 267 class="so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base" 268 269 > 270<div class="siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget"> 271 <h2>Meer over <em>De vergeten bankencrisis</em></h2> 272<div></div> 273<div class="entry-content"> 274<figure id="attachment_2883" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2883" style="width: 98px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="http://proxy.handle.net/10648/6a1b2ffa-1ad9-102f-a76c-003048944028" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-2883" src="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/00263g-224x300.jpg" alt="Hendrik Colijn | Bron: Beeldbank Nationaal Archief" width="98" height="131" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-2883" class="wp-caption-text">Colijn</figcaption></figure> 275<p>ABN Amro werd in oktober 2008 halsoverkop genationaliseerd. Het âroâ in haar naam herinnert aan de Rotterdamsche Bank(vereeniging), een bank die ook al eens door de overheid overeind gehouden moest worden. Dit gebeurde in 1924. Hendrik Colijn was toen minister van Financiën. Op 30 juni van dit jaar schreef hij op twee velletjes papier een kort briefje: een blanco cheque, bestemd voor redding van de bank. De minister deed dit eigenhandig;
275 hij lichtte het parlement niet in. Natuurlijk lukte het niet dit binnenskamers te houden en algauw werd het een schandaal vanjewelste. Pers, politiek en publiek wilden weten wat de minister had bezield en vooral: wat er was misgegaan bij deze bank, die jarenlang met veel bravoure had geopereerd en successen aan elkaar had lijken te rijgen.</p> 276</div> 277<div class="entry-content"> 278<blockquote><p><center>Vasthouden!</p> 279<p>Hendrik Colijn in 1924</center></p></blockquote> 280</div> 281<div class="entry-content"> 282<figure id="attachment_2884" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2884" style="width: 101px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://rkd.nl/nl/explore/images/111958" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-2884" src="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Westerman-door-Toorop.jpg" alt="Willem Westerman door Jan Toorop | Bron: Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie" width="101" height="142" srcset="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Westerman-door-Toorop.jpg 150w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Westerman-door-Toorop-107x150.jpg 107w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Westerman-door-Toorop-100x141.jpg 100w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 101px) 100vw, 101px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-2884" class="wp-caption-text">Westerman</figcaption></figure> 283<p>De Rotterdamsche Bankvereeniging (meestal Robaver genoemd, naar haar telegramadres) was in de jaren rond de Eerste Wereldoorlog onstuimig gegroeid. Onder leiding van president-directeur Willem âde Veroveraarâ Westerman werden er fusies aangegaan en overnames gedaan. Opgejaagd door een felle concurrentiestrijd in het bankwezen begeleidde de bank gewaagde beursemissies en verstrekte ze enorme kredieten. Zakenman Anton Kröller, echtgenoot en financier van de bekende kunstverzamelaarster Helene KröllerâMüller, kreeg in deze jaren alles bij de bank gedaan.</p> 284</div> 285<div class="entry-content"> 286<blockquote><p><center>Wij hebben groote zaken gedaan. Hij [Kröller] had de ideeën, wij [de Robaver] brachten de munitie.<br /> 287<em>Willem Westerman in 1922</em></center></p></blockquote> 288</div> 289<div class="entry-content"> 290<figure id="attachment_2885" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2885" style="width: 100px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://www.hogeveluwe.nl/system/activities/image_1s/000/000/142/medium/anton_site.jpg?1444657778" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-2885" src="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Kroller.jpg" alt="Anton Kröller | Bron: Kröller-Müller Museum" width="100" height="120" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-2885" class="wp-caption-text">Kröller</figcaption></figure> 291<p>Vanaf 1920 ging het economisch minder in Nederland. Het bankwezen werd geconfronteerd met grote verliezen en tientallen kleine en middelgrote banken zagen zich gedwongen hun deuren te sluiten of vergaande reorganisaties door te voeren. De Robaver, de grootste bank van het land, kreeg ook met ernstige problemen te kampen, maar liet daar niets van blijken. Cijfers werden gemanipuleerd, dividenduitkeringen en bonussen bleven onverminderd hoog. In de zomer van 1924 was dit beleid niet langer vol te houden. De bank belandde in een hevige crisis en zag geen andere uitweg dan hulp in te roepen bij de Nederlandsche Bank en minister Colijn. De Robaver kwam haar problemen te boven, maar erg soepel ging dit niet. De botsende ego's van de betrokken heren leverden vuurwerk, hechte vriendschappen werden verbroken en er werd zelfs een verkapte doodsbedreiging geuit.</p> 292</div> 293<p>Ondertussen was bij de buitenwereld grote verontwaardiging ontstaan over de gebeurtenissen bij de Robaver. Jarenlang hadden directie en aandeelhouders miljoenen verdiend en nu werd de bank plotseling met gemeenschapsgeld overeind gehouden. Ook rezen er al snel vermoedens dat de regering en de bank zaken verborgen hielden. Waarom deed Colijn zo geheimzinnig over zijn eigen optreden? Wat was er aan de hand met die klokkenluider die melding had gemaakt van fraude en misleiding door de bank en vervolgens opeens van de aardbodem verdwenen leek te zijn? En waarom was deze bank gered ter
293wijl vele andere aan hun lot waren overgelaten, met alle gevolgen vandien voor rekeninghouders?</p> 294<div class="entry-content"> 295<blockquote><p><center>Het winstsaldo was gesteld op Æ 10.417.371,47. Die 47 cent waren misschien waar, maar de rest niet.<br /> 296<em>Kamerlid Willem Vliegen in 1927 over de laatste jaarcijfers van de Robaver van voor de crisis</em></center></p></blockquote> 297</div> 298<div class="entry-content"> 299<figure id="attachment_2890" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2890" style="width: 620px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10622/8153AEB6-B97D-4504-9FA3-19AC6DF643AD" target="_blank" rel="attachment wp-att-2890"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-2890 size-full" src="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Leo-Jordaan.jpg" alt="Leo Jordaan | Spotprent in De Notenkraker (17 juli 1926)" width="620" height="533" srcset="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Leo-Jordaan.jpg 620w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Leo-Jordaan-150x129.jpg 150w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Leo-Jordaan-300x258.jpg 300w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Leo-Jordaan-400x344.jpg 400w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Leo-Jordaan-430x370.jpg 430w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Leo-Jordaan-100x86.jpg 100w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-2890" class="wp-caption-text">Spotprent van Leo Jordaan op het machtsmisbruik van de Robaver</figcaption></figure> 300<p>Ondanks alle aandacht voor de zaak zou de onderste steen nooit boven komen. De betrokken ministers, bankiers en zakenlieden waren vooral bezig met het verantwoorden van hun optreden en gaven daarvoor elk hun eigen draai aan de gebeurtenissen. Tegelijkertijd richtte de pers zich voornamelijk op de schandalen en op het veroordelen van de bankiers die schuld zouden hebben gedragen aan de crisis. Dit leidde ertoe dat het beeld van de crisis al snel ernstig vervormd raakte. Vervolgens deden veranderende economische omstandigheden ook de laatste herinneringen aan de crisis vervagen. In de jaren dertig ging het over de problemen op de arbeidsmarkt, niet die in het bankwezen.</p> 301</div> 302<div class="entry-content"> 303<blockquote><p><center>De hoofdschuldige is de Directie der Nederlandsche Bank en achter haar de vele duistere machten, die op hare gestie invloed hebben uitgeoefend en daardoor hare houding hebben bepaald.<br /> 304<em>Willem Westerman in zijn memoires (1927) over de crisis bij de Robaver</em></center></p></blockquote> 305</div> 306<div class="entry-content"> 307<p>De bankencrisis werd razendsnel vergeten, met als gevolg dat er geen structurele veranderingen in de bankensector werden doorgevoerd. En tachtig jaar later, toen de banken opnieuw op een grote crisis afstevenden, wist niemand meer wat zich aan het begin van de jaren twintig had afgespeeld. Laat <em>De vergeten bankencrisis</em> het besef aanwakkeren dat de herinnering aan de recente bankencrisis niet mag vervagen voordat er werkelijk iets is veranderd in de bankensector.</p> 308<figure id="attachment_2891" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2891" style="width: 620px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="http://www.haagsebeeldbank.nl/afbeelding/5aef9227-9113-72e8-fdbb-0da9361794c1" target="_blank" rel="attachment wp-att-2891"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-2891 size-full" src="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Kneuterdijk.jpg" alt="Kneuterdijk 8 | Bron: Beeldbank Haags Gemeentearchief" width="620" height="450" srcset="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Kneuterdijk.jpg 620w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Kneuterdijk-150x109.jpg 150w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Kneuterdijk-300x218.jpg 300w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Kneuterdijk-400x290.jpg 400w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Kneuterdijk-430x312.jpg 430w, https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Kneuterdijk-100x73.jpg 100w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 620px) 100v
308w, 620px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-2891" class="wp-caption-text">Kantoor van de Robaver (nu ABN Amro) aan de Kneuterdijk in Den Haag, gebouwd vlak voor de crisis</figcaption></figure> 309</div> 310</div> 311</div></div></div></div></div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> 312 <footer class="entry-footer"> 313 </footer><!-- .entry-footer --> 314</article><!-- #post-## --> 315 316 317 318 </main><!-- #main --> 319 </div><!-- #primary --> 320 321 322<div id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> 323 324 <aside id="recent-posts-4" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> 325 <h2 class="widget-title">Nieuws</h2> 326 <ul> 327 <li> 328 <a href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/2026/07/03/te-gast-bij-search-engine/">Te gast bij Search Engine</a> 329 </li> 330 <li> 331 <a href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/2025/06/06/te-gast-bij-investing-by-the-books-podcast/">Te gast bij Investing by the Books podcast</a> 332 </li> 333 <li> 334 <a href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/2025/04/21/larry-fink-van-blackrock-verwijst-naar-the-worlds-first-stock-exchange-in-zijn-2025-brief-aan-investeerders/">Larry Fink van BlackRock verwijst naar The Worldâs First Stock Exchange in zijn 2025-brief aan investeerders</a> 335 </li> 336 <li> 337 <a href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/2025/04/21/te-gast-bij-podcast-cfo-bookshelf/">Te gast bij podcast CFO Bookshelf</a> 338 </li> 339 <li> 340 <a href="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/2025/02/04/te-gast-in-amsterdamse-handelsgeest-de-allereerste-beurs/">Te gast in âAmsterdamse Handelsgeestâ â de allereerste beurs</a> 341 </li> 342 </ul> 343 344 </aside></div><!-- #secondary --> 345 346 </div><!-- #content --> 347 348 349 <div id="sidebar-footer" class="footer-widget-area clearfix" role="complementary"> 350 <div class="container"> 351 <div class="sidebar-column col-md-4 col-sm-4"> <aside id="wpforms-widget-3" class="widget wpforms-widget"><h3 class="widget-title">Contact</h3><div class="wpforms-container wpforms-container-full" id="wpforms-3249"><form id="wpforms-form-3249" class="wpforms-validate wpforms-form" data-formid="3249" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/de-vergeten-bankencrisis/" data-token="2552836fa4b1a1ba574abf43a9825af5" data-token-time="1790181771"><noscript class="wpforms-error-noscript">Schakel JavaScript in je browser in om dit formulier in te vullen.</noscript><div class="wpforms-field-container"><div id="wpforms-3249-field_1-container" class="wpforms-field wpforms-field-name" data-field-id="1"><label class="wpforms-field-label" for="wpforms-3249-field_1">Name <span class="wpforms-required-label">*</span></label><input type="text" id="wpforms-3249-field_1" class="wpforms-field-medium wpforms-field-required" name="wpforms[fields][1]" required></div><div id="wpforms-3249-field_2-container" class="wpforms-field wpforms-field-email" data-field-id="2"><label class="wpforms-field-label" for="wpforms-3249-field_2">E-mail <span class="wpforms-required-label">*</span></label><input type="email" id="wpforms-3249-field_2" class="wpforms-field-medium wpforms-field-required" name="wpforms[fields][2]" spellcheck="false" required></div><div id="wpforms-3249-field_3-container" class="wpforms-field wpforms-field-text" data-field-id="3"><label class="wpforms-field-label" for="wpforms-3249-field_3">Subject</label><input type="text" id="wpforms-3249-field_3" class="wpforms-field-medium" name="wpforms[fields][3]" ></div><div id="wpforms-3249-field_4-container" class="wpforms-field wpforms-field-textarea" data-field-id="4"><label class="wpforms-field-label" for="wpforms-3249-field_4">Message <span class="wpforms-required-label">*</span></label><textarea id="wpforms-3249-field_4" class="wpforms-field-medium wpforms-field-required" name="wpforms[fields][4]" required></textarea></div></div><!-- .wpforms-field-container --><div class="wpforms-field wpforms-field-hp"><label for="wpforms-3249-field-hp" class="wpforms-field-label">Message</label><input type="text" name="wpforms[hp]" id="wpforms-3249-field-hp" class="wpforms-field-medium"></div><div class="wpforms-recaptcha-container wpforms-is-hcaptcha" ><div class="h-captcha" data-sitekey="f30016a7-22db-459f-8065-b2a3452ed4f1"></div><input type="text" name="g-recaptcha-hidden" class="wpforms-recaptcha-hidden" style="position:absolute!important;clip:rect(0,0,0,0)!important;height:1px!important;width:1px!important;border:0!important;overflow:hidden!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important;" data-rule-hcaptcha="1"></div><div class="wpforms-submit-container" ><input type="hidden" name="wpforms[id]" value="3249"><input type="hidden" name="wpforms[time_token]" value="1790181771.7bb8ee7fd78ec2646fe6d39876d602be209270713dccfa95e79143aef0b5cd50"><input type="hidden" name="page_title" value="De vergeten bankencrisis"><input type="hidden" name="page_url" value="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/de-vergeten-bankencrisis/"><input type="hidden" name="url_referer" value="http://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/de-vergeten-bankencrisis/"><input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="2571"><input type="hidden" name="wpforms[post_id]" value="2571"><button type="submit" name="wpforms[submit]" id="wpforms-submit-3249" class="wpforms-submit" data-alt-text="Sending" data-submit-text="Send" aria-l
351ive="assertive" value="wpforms-submit">Send</button></div></form></div> <!-- .wpforms-container --></aside> </div> </div> 352 </div> 353 <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> 354 <div class="site-info container"> 355 <a href="//wordpress.org/">Proudly powered by WordPress</a> 356 <span class="sep"> | </span> 357 Theme: <a href="//athemes.com/theme/moesia" rel="nofollow">Moesia</a> by aThemes </div><!-- .site-info --> 358 </footer><!-- #colophon --> 359 </div><!-- #page --> 360
361<script type="speculationrules"> 362{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/moesia/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]} 363</script>
363 364 365<!-- Koko Analytics v2.5.3 - https://www.kokoanalytics.com/ -->
366<script> 367(()=>{var e=window.koko_analytics,s=["utm_source","utm_medium","utm_campaign"],d=/bot|crawl|spider|seo|lighthouse|facebookexternalhit|preview|prerender|headless|phantom|scrapy|python|curl|wget|go-http|okhttp|node-fetch|axios|java\/|libwww|http[-_]?client|monitor|uptime|pingdom|statuscake|validator|scanner/i;function u(){let t={},n=new URLSearchParams(window.location.search),c=new URLSearchParams(window.location.hash.substring(1));return s.forEach(a=>{let o=n.get(a)||c.get(a);o&&(t[a]=o)}),t}function h(t,n){if(typeof navigator.sendBeacon=="function"){navigator.sendBeacon(t,n);return}fetch(t,{method:"POST",body:n,keepalive:!0,credentials:"same-origin"}).catch(()=>{})}e.trackPageview=function(t,n){if(d.test(navigator.userAgent)||window._phantom||window.__nightmare||window.navigator.webdriver||window.Cypress){console.debug("Koko Analytics: Ignoring call to trackPageview because user agent is a bot or this is a headless browser.");return}h(e.url,new URLSearchParams({action:"koko_analytics_collect",pa:t,po:n,r:document.referrer.indexOf(e.site_url)==0?"":document.referrer,m:e.use_cookie?"c":e.method[0],...u()}))};function r(){e.trackPageview(e.path,e.post_id)}function i(){e.autotracked||(r(),e.autotracked=!0)}document.prerendering?document.addEventListener("prerenderingchange",i,{once:!0}):document.visibilityState==="hidden"||document.visibilityState==="prerender"?document.addEventListener("visibilitychange",()=>{document.visibilityState==="visible"&&i()}):i();window.addEventListener("pageshow",t=>{t.persisted&&r()});})(); 368</script>
368 369
370<script id="wpo_min-footer-0-js" src="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1789696980/assets/wpo-minify-footer-f26114dc.min.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 370
370
371<script id="wpo_min-footer-1-js" src="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1789696980/assets/wpo-minify-footer-6a3212dc.min.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 371
371
372<script id="mediaelement-js-extra"> 373var _wpmejsSettings = {"pluginPath":"/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/","classPrefix":"mejs-","stretching":"responsive","audioShortcodeLibrary":"mediaelement","videoShortcodeLibrary":"mediaelement"}; 374//# sourceURL=mediaelement-js-extra 375</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 375
375
376<script id="wp-mediaelement-js" src="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.js?ver=7.0.6"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 376
376
377<script id="wpo_min-footer-3-js" src="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1789696980/assets/wpo-minify-footer-5569342d.min.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 377
377
378<script id="wpforms-recaptcha-js" src="https://hcaptcha.com/1/api.js?onload=wpformsRecaptchaLoad&render=explicit&recaptchacompat=off"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 378
378
379<script id="wpforms-recaptcha-js-after"> 380var wpformsDispatchEvent = function (el, ev, custom) { 381 var e = document.createEvent(custom ? "CustomEvent" : "HTMLEvents"); 382 custom ? e.initCustomEvent(ev, true, true, false) : e.initEvent(ev, true, true); 383 el.dispatchEvent(e); 384 }; 385 var wpformsRecaptchaCallback = function (el) { 386 var hdn = el.parentNode.querySelector(".wpforms-recaptcha-hidden"); 387 var err = el.parentNode.querySelector("#g-recaptcha-hidden-error"); 388 hdn.value = "1"; 389 wpformsDispatchEvent(hdn, "change", false); 390 hdn.classList.remove("wpforms-error"); 391 err && hdn.parentNode.removeChild(err); 392 }; 393 var wpformsRecaptchaLoad = function () { 394 Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll(".h-captcha"), function (el) { 395 var captchaID = hcaptcha.render(el, { 396 callback: function () { 397 wpformsRecaptchaCallback(el); 398 } 399 }); 400 el.setAttribute("data-recaptcha-id", captchaID); 401 }); 402 wpformsDispatchEvent(document, "wpformsRecaptchaLoaded", true); 403 }; 404 405//# sourceURL=wpforms-recaptcha-js-after 406</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 406
406
407<script id="wpo_min-footer-5-js" src="https://www.lodewijkpetram.nl/wp-content/cache/wpo-minify/1789696980/assets/wpo-minify-footer-8ec41388.min.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 407
407
408<script type='text/javascript'> 409/* <![CDATA[ */ 410var wpforms_settings = {"val_required":"Dit veld is vereist.","val_email":"Geef een geldig e-mailadres op.","val_email_suggestion":"Bedoelde je {suggestion}?","val_email_suggestion_title":"Klik om de suggestie te accepteren.","val_email_restricted":"Dit e-mailadres is niet toegestaan.","val_number":"Vul een geldig getal in.","val_number_positive":"Vul een geldig positief getal in.","val_minimum_price":"Het ingevoerde bedrag is lager dan het vereiste minimum.","val_confirm":"Veldwaarden komen niet overeen.","val_checklimit":"Je hebt het aantal toegestane selecties overschreden: {#}.","val_limit_characters":"{count} of {limit} max tekens.","val_limit_words":"{count} van {limit} max woorden.","val_min":"Voer een waarde in die groter is dan of gelijk aan {0}.","val_max":"Voer een waarde in die kleiner is dan of gelijk aan {0}.","val_recaptcha_fail_msg":"Google reCAPTCHA verification failed, please try again later.","val_turnstile_fail_msg":"Cloudflare Turnstile verificatie is mislukt. Probeer het later opnieuw.","val_inputmask_incomplete":"Vul het veld in met het vereiste format.","uuid_cookie":"","locale":"nl","country":"","country_list_label":"Landenlijst","wpforms_plugin_url":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/wp-content\/plugins\/wpforms-lite\/","gdpr":"1","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.lodewijkpetram.nl\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","mailcheck_enabled":"1","mailcheck_domains":[],"mailcheck_toplevel_domains":["dev"],"is_ssl":"1","nonce":"3ef1525f1c","currency_code":"USD","currency_thousands":",","currency_decimals":"2","currency_decimal":".","currency_symbol":"$","currency_symbol_pos":"left","val_requiredpayment":"Betaling is vereist.","val_creditcard":"Voer een geldig creditcardnummer in.","readOnlyDisallowedFields":["captcha","map","content","divider","hidden","html","entry-preview","pagebreak","payment-total","gdpr-checkbox"],"error_updating_token":"Fout bij het updaten van token. Probeer het opnieuw of neem contact op met ondersteuning als het probleem aanhoudt.","network_error":"Netwerk fout of server is niet bereikbaar. Controleer je verbinding of probeer het later opnieuw.","token_cache_lifetime":"86400","hn_data":[],"analytics_composite_field_types":["name","address","date-time","email","password","paypal-commerce"],"analytics_base64":"1","address_field":{"list_countries_without_states":["GB","DE","CH","NL"]}} 411/* ]]> */ 412</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 412
412
413<script>document.body.className = document.body.className.replace("siteorigin-panels-before-js","");</script>
413 414</body> 415</html> 416 417<!-- Cached by WP-Optimize (gzip) - https://teamupdraft.com/wp-optimize/ - Last modified: 23 September 2026 17:42 (Europe/Amsterdam UTC:1) -->
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.