1 2 3<!DOCTYPE html> 4<html lang="en-US"> 5<head> 6 <meta charset="UTF-8" /> 7 8 <title>Opinio Juris - In association with the International Commission of Jurists</title> 9 10 11 12 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,user-scalable=no"> 13 14 <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> 15 <link rel="pingback" href="https://opiniojuris.org/xmlrpc.php" /> 16 <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/OJ_Favicon_200px.jpg"> 17 <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/OJ_Favicon_200px.jpg"/> 18
18<script type="application/javascript">var QodeAjaxUrl = "https://opiniojuris.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"</script>
18 19<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v11.7 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> 20<link rel="canonical" href="https://opiniojuris.org/blog/" /> 21<link rel="next" href="https://opiniojuris.org/blog/page/2/" /> 22<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> 23<meta name="twitter:description" content="[Cleo Hansen-Lohrey is a Lecturer in Law at the University of Tasmania whose research focuses on African regional refugee law and climate-related displacement. Tamara Wood is a Senior Lecturer in Law at La Trobe University and Visiting Fellow at the Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law, UNSW Sydney.] Climate Displacement and the Request for an Advisory Opinion In May 2025,..." /> 24<meta name="twitter:title" content="Opinio Juris - In association with the International Commission of Jurists" /> 25<meta name="twitter:site" content="@opiniojuris" />
26<script type='application/ld+json' class='yoast-schema-graph yoast-schema-graph--main'>{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://opiniojuris.org/#organization","name":"Opinio Juris","url":"https://opiniojuris.org/","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/opiniojuris/","https://twitter.com/opiniojuris"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://opiniojuris.org/#logo","url":"https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Opinio_Juris_Avatar_Circle_960px.jpg?fit=960%2C960&ssl=1","width":960,"height":960,"caption":"Opinio Juris"},"image":{"@id":"https://opiniojuris.org/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://opiniojuris.org/#website","url":"https://opiniojuris.org/","name":"Opinio Juris","publisher":{"@id":"https://opiniojuris.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://opiniojuris.org/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}},{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://opiniojuris.org/blog/#webpage","url":"https://opiniojuris.org/blog/","inLanguage":"en-US","name":"Opinio Juris - In association with the International Commission of Jurists","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://opiniojuris.org/#website"}}]}</script>
26 27<!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> 28 29<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> 30<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.w.org' /> 31<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Opinio Juris » Feed" href="https://opiniojuris.org/feed/" /> 32<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Opinio Juris » Comments Feed" href="https://opiniojuris.org/comments/feed/" /> 33
33<script type="text/javascript"> 34 window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/opiniojuris.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.2.26"}}; 35 !function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);e=i.toDataURL();return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r<o.length;r++)t.supports[o[r]]=function(e){if(!p||!p.fillText)return!1;switch(p.textBaseline="top",p.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return s([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])?!1:!s([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]);case"emoji":return!s([55357,56424,55356,57342,8205,55358,56605,8205,55357,56424,55356,57340],[55357,56424,55356,57342,8203,55358,56605,8203,55357,56424,55356,57340])}return!1}(o[r]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[o[r]],"flag"!==o[r]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[o[r]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(n=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(n.concatemoji):n.wpemoji&&n.twemoji&&(c(n.twemoji),c(n.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); 36 </script>
36 37 <!-- managing ads with Advanced Ads â https://wpadvancedads.com/ -->
37<script> 38 advanced_ads_ready=function(){var fns=[],listener,doc=typeof document==="object"&&document,hack=doc&&doc.documentElement.doScroll,domContentLoaded="DOMContentLoaded",loaded=doc&&(hack?/^loaded|^c/:/^loaded|^i|^c/).test(doc.readyState);if(!loaded&&doc){listener=function(){doc.removeEventListener(domContentLoaded,listener);window.removeEventListener("load",listener);loaded=1;while(listener=fns.shift())listener()};doc.addEventListener(domContentLoaded,listener);window.addEventListener("load",listener)}return function(fn){loaded?setTimeout(fn,0):fns.push(fn)}}(); 39 </script>
39<style type="text/css"> 40img.wp-smiley, 41img.emoji { 42 display: inline !important; 43 border: none !important; 44 box-shadow: none !important; 45 height: 1em !important; 46 width: 1em !important; 47 margin: 0 .07em !important; 48 vertical-align: -0.1em !important; 49 background: none !important; 50 padding: 0 !important; 51} 52</style> 53 <link rel='stylesheet' id='layerslider-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/LayerSlider/static/layerslider/css/layerslider.css?ver=6.7.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> 54<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.2.26' type='text/css' media='all' /> 55<link rel='stylesheet' id='rs-plugin-settings-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/css/settings.css?ver=5.4.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> 56<style id='rs-plugin-settings-inline-css' type='text/css'> 57#rs-demo-id {} 58</style> 59<link rel='stylesheet' id='wordpress-popular-posts-css-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-popular-posts/public/css/wpp.css?ver=4.2.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> 60<link rel='stylesheet' id='default_style-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/style.css?ver=5.2.26' type='text/css' media='all' /> 61<link rel='stylesheet' id='qode_font_awesome-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/css/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=5.2.26' type='text/css' media='all' /> 62<link rel='stylesheet' id='qode_font_elegant-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/css/elegant-icons/style.min.css?ver=5.2.26' type='text/css' media='all' /> 63<link rel='stylesheet' id='qode_linea_icons-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/css/linea-icons/style.css?ver=5.2.26' type='text/css' media='all' /> 64<link rel='stylesheet' id='qode_dripicons-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/css/dripicons/dripicons.css?ver=5.2.26' type='text/css' media='all' /> 65<link rel='stylesheet' id='stylesheet-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/css/stylesheet.min.css?ver=5.2.26' type='text/css' media='all' /> 66<style id='stylesheet-inline-css' type='text/css'> 67 .home.disabled_footer_top .footer_top_holder, .home.disabled_footer_bottom .footer_bottom_holder { display: none;} 68 69 70</style> 71<link rel='stylesheet' id='qode_print-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/css/print.css?ver=5.2.26' type='text/css' media='all' /> 72<link rel='stylesheet' id='style_dynamic-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/css/style_dynamic.css?ver=1548428262' type='text/css' media='all' /> 73<link rel='stylesheet' id='responsive-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/css/responsive.min.css?ver=5.2.26' type='text/css' media='all' /> 74<link rel='stylesheet' id='style_dynamic_responsive-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/css/style_dynamic_responsive.css?ver=1548428262' type='text/css' media='all' /> 75<link rel='stylesheet' id='js_composer_front-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/css/js_composer.min.css?ver=5.5.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> 76<link rel='stylesheet' id='custom_css-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/css/custom_css.css?ver=1548428262' type='text/css' media='all' /> 77<link rel='stylesheet' id='meks-author-widget-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/meks-smart-author-widget/css/style.css?ver=1.1.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> 78<link rel='stylesheet' id='childstyle-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge-child/style.css?ver=5.2.26' type='text/css' media='all' /> 79<link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_css-css' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/css/jetpack.css?ver=7.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' />
80<script type='text/javascript'> 81/* <![CDATA[ */ 82var LS_Meta = {"v":"6.7.6"}; 83/* ]]> */ 84</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 84
84
85<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/LayerSlider/static/layerslider/js/greensock.js?ver=1.19.0'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 85
85
86<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.12.4-wp'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 86
86
87<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1.4.1'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 87
87
88<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/LayerSlider/static/layerslider/js/layerslider.kreaturamedia.jquery.js?ver=6.7.6'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 88
88
89<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/LayerSlider/static/layerslider/js/layerslider.transitions.js?ver=6.7.6'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 89
89
90<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/jquery.themepunch.tools.min.js?ver=5.4.8'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 90
90
91<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/jquery.themepunch.revolution.min.js?ver=5.4.8'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 91
91
92<script type='text/javascript'> 93/* <![CDATA[ */ 94var wpp_params = {"sampling_active":"0","sampling_rate":"100","ajax_url":"https:\/\/opiniojuris.org\/wp-json\/wordpress-popular-posts\/v1\/popular-posts\/","ID":"","token":"4ce9feb9a6","debug":""}; 95/* ]]> */ 96</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 96
96
97<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-popular-posts/public/js/wpp-4.2.0.min.js?ver=4.2.2'></script>
97 98<meta name="generator" content="Powered by LayerSlider 6.7.6 - Multi-Purpose, Responsive, Parallax, Mobile-Friendly Slider Plugin for WordPress." /> 99<!-- LayerSlider updates and docs at: https://layerslider.kreaturamedia.com --> 100<link rel='https://api.w.org/' href='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-json/' /> 101<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://opiniojuris.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> 102<link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" /> 103 <style type="text/css" media="screen"> 104 div.printfriendly a, div.printfriendly a:link, div.printfriendly a:hover, div.printfriendly a:visited, div.printfriendly a:focus { 105 text-decoration: none; 106 border: none; 107 -webkit-box-shadow:none!important; 108 box-shadow:none!important; 109 } 110 </style> 111 <style type="text/css" media="screen"> 112 div.printfriendly { 113 margin: 12px 12px 12px 12px; 114 } 115 div.printfriendly a, div.printfriendly a:link, div.printfriendly a:visited { 116 font-size: 14px; 117 color: #3AAA11; 118 } 119 </style> 120 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/printfriendly/printfriendly.css" media="screen"></style> 121 <style type="text/css" media="print"> 122 .printfriendly { 123 display: none; 124 } 125 </style> 126 127<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com'/> 128<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//i0.wp.com'/> 129<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//i1.wp.com'/> 130<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//i2.wp.com'/> 131<style type='text/css'>img#wpstats{display:none}</style><meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/> 132<!--[if lte IE 9]><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/css/vc_lte_ie9.min.css" media="screen"><![endif]--><meta name="generator" content="Powered by Slider Revolution 5.4.8 - responsive, Mobile-Friendly Slider Plugin for WordPress with comfortable drag and drop interface." /> 133 134<!-- Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> 135<meta property="og:type" content="website" /> 136<meta property="og:title" content="Opinio Juris" /> 137<meta property="og:description" content="In association with the International Commission of Jurists" /> 138<meta property="og:url" content="https://opiniojuris.org/blog/" /> 139<meta property="og:site_name" content="Opinio Juris" /> 140<meta property="og:image" content="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/cropped-OJ_Favicon_400px.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1" /> 141<meta property="og:image:width" content="512" /> 142<meta property="og:image:height" content="512" /> 143<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> 144<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@opiniojuris" /> 145<meta name="twitter:site" content="@opiniojuris" /> 146 147<!-- End Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> 148<link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/cropped-OJ_Favicon_400px.jpg?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1" sizes="32x32" /> 149<link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/cropped-OJ_Favicon_400px.jpg?fit=192%2C192&ssl=1" sizes="192x192" /> 150<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/cropped-OJ_Favicon_400px.jpg?fit=180%2C180&ssl=1" /> 151<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/cropped-OJ_Favicon_400px.jpg?fit=270%2C270&ssl=1" />
152<script type="text/javascript">function setREVStartSize(e){ 153 try{ e.c=jQuery(e.c);var i=jQuery(window).width(),t=9999,r=0,n=0,l=0,f=0,s=0,h=0; 154 if(e.responsiveLevels&&(jQuery.each(e.responsiveLevels,function(e,f){f>i&&(t=r=f,l=e),i>f&&f>r&&(r=f,n=e)}),t>r&&(l=n)),f=e.gridheight[l]||e.gridheight[0]||e.gridheight,s=e.gridwidth[l]||e.gridwidth[0]||e.gridwidth,h=i/s,h=h>1?1:h,f=Math.round(h*f),"fullscreen"==e.sliderLayout){var u=(e.c.width(),jQuery(window).height());if(void 0!=e.fullScreenOffsetContainer){var c=e.fullScreenOffsetContainer.split(",");if (c) jQuery.each(c,function(e,i){u=jQuery(i).length>0?u-jQuery(i).outerHeight(!0):u}),e.fullScreenOffset.split("%").length>1&&void 0!=e.fullScreenOffset&&e.fullScreenOffset.length>0?u-=jQuery(window).height()*parseInt(e.fullScreenOffset,0)/100:void 0!=e.fullScreenOffset&&e.fullScreenOffset.length>0&&(u-=parseInt(e.fullScreenOffset,0))}f=u}else void 0!=e.minHeight&&f<e.minHeight&&(f=e.minHeight);e.c.closest(".rev_slider_wrapper").css({height:f}) 155 }catch(d){console.log("Failure at Presize of Slider:"+d)} 156 };</script>
156 157<noscript><style type="text/css"> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript> 158 <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=IBM+Plex+Sans:200,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i|IBM+Plex+Serif:400,400i,700,700i" rel="stylesheet"> 159 160 <meta name="google-site-verification" content="2_GGFwvJxQT2HmcEIYG2ok_oE8Y9wZkXz-KMfGljyAc" /> 161 162</head> 163 164<body class="blog qode_grid_1300 footer_responsive_adv qode-child-theme-ver-1.0.0 qode-theme-ver-16.7 qode-theme-bridge disabled_footer_bottom wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-5.5.2 vc_responsive" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"> 165 166 167<div class="wrapper"> 168 <div class="wrapper_inner"> 169 170 171 <!-- Google Analytics start --> 172 <!-- Google Analytics end --> 173 174 <header class=" has_header_fixed_right scroll_header_top_area stick menu_bottom scrolled_not_transparent with_border page_header"> 175 <div class="header_inner clearfix"> 176 <form role="search" action="https://opiniojuris.org/" class="qode_search_form_3" method="get"> 177 <div class="form_holder_outer"> 178 <div class="form_holder"> 179 180 <input type="text" placeholder="Search" name="s" class="qode_search_field" autocomplete="off" /> 181 <div class="qode_search_close"> 182 <a href="#"> 183 <i class="qodef-icon-dripicons dripicon dripicons-cross " ></i> </a> 184 </div> 185 </div> 186 </div> 187 </form> <div class="header_top_bottom_holder"> 188 189 <div class="header_bottom clearfix" style=' background-color:rgba(225, 248, 250, 1);' > 190 <div class="header_inner_left"> 191 <div class="mobile_menu_button"> 192 <span> 193 <i class="qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-bars " ></i> </span> 194 </div> 195 <div class="logo_wrapper" > 196 <div class="q_logo"> 197 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/" > 198 <img itemprop="image" class="normal" src="https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/OpinioJuris_Logotype.png" alt="Logo"/> <img itemprop="image" class="light" src="https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/OpinioJuris_Logotype.png" alt="Logo"/> <img itemprop="image" class="dark" src="https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/OpinioJuris_Logotype.png" alt="Logo"/> <img itemprop="image" class="sticky" src="https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/OpinioJuris_Logotype.png" alt="Logo"/> <img itemprop="image" class="mobile" src="https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/OpinioJuris_Logotype.png" alt="Logo"/> </a> 199 </div> 200 </div> <div class="header_fixed_right_area"> 201 <div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><p><a href="https://www.icj.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">In association with the International Commission of Jurists</a></p></div> </div> 202 </div> 203 <div class="header_menu_bottom"> 204 <div class="header_menu_bottom_inner"> 205 <div class="main_menu_header_inner_right_holder"> 206 <nav class="main_menu drop_down"> 207 <ul id="menu-main-menu" class="clearfix"><li id="nav-menu-item-33625" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has_sub narrow"><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/" class=" no_link" style="cursor: default;" onclick="JavaScript: return false;"><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Topics â</span><span class="plus"></span></a> 208<div class="second"><div class="inner"><ul> 209 <li id="nav-menu-item-33677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/uncategorized/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>General</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 210 <li id="nav-menu-item-33684" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/use-of-force/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Use of Force</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 211 <li id="nav-menu-item-33970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/international-criminal-law/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>International Criminal Law</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 212 <li id="nav-menu-item-33685" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/international-humanitarian-law/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>International Humanitarian Law</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 213 <li id="nav-menu-item-33679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/international-human-right-law/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>International Human Rights Law</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 214 <li id="nav-menu-item-33675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/environmental-law/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Environmental Law</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 215 <li id="nav-menu-item-33683" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/trade-and-economic-law/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Trade & Economic Law</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 216 <li id="nav-menu-item-33680" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/law-of-the-sea/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Law of the Sea</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 217 <li id="nav-menu-item-33681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/national-security-law/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>National Security Law</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 218 <li id="nav-menu-item-33676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/foreign-relations-law/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Foreign Relations Law</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 219 <li id="nav-menu-item-33682" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/organizations/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Organizations</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 220</ul></div></div> 221</li> 222<li id="nav-menu-item-33627" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has_sub narrow"><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/" class=" no_link" style="cursor: default;" onclick="JavaScript: return false;"><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Regions â</span><span class="plus"></span></a> 223<div class="second"><div class="inner"><ul> 224 <li id="nav-menu-item-33668" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/africa/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Africa</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 225 <li id="nav-menu-item-33669" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/asia-pacific/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Asia-Pacific</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 226 <li id="nav-menu-item-33670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/europe/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>
226Europe</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 227 <li id="nav-menu-item-33832" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/latin-and-south-america/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Latin & South America</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 228 <li id="nav-menu-item-33672" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/middle-east/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Middle East</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 229 <li id="nav-menu-item-33673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/north-america/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>North America</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 230</ul></div></div> 231</li> 232<li id="nav-menu-item-33701" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has_sub narrow"><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/announcements/" class=" no_link" style="cursor: default;" onclick="JavaScript: return false;"><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Announcements â</span><span class="plus"></span></a> 233<div class="second"><div class="inner"><ul> 234 <li id="nav-menu-item-33703" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/announcements/events/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Events</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 235 <li id="nav-menu-item-33702" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/announcements/calls-for-papers/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Calls for Papers</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 236 <li id="nav-menu-item-33704" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/announcements/jobs/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Jobs</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 237</ul></div></div> 238</li> 239<li id="nav-menu-item-33705" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has_sub narrow"><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/symposia/" class=" no_link" style="cursor: default;" onclick="JavaScript: return false;"><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Symposia â</span><span class="plus"></span></a> 240<div class="second"><div class="inner"><ul> 241 <li id="nav-menu-item-33707" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/symposia/books/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Books</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 242 <li id="nav-menu-item-33706" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/symposia/articles/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Articles</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 243 <li id="nav-menu-item-37502" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/symposia/themes/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Themes</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 244</ul></div></div> 245</li> 246<li id="nav-menu-item-35661" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has_sub narrow"><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/media/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Media â</span><span class="plus"></span></a> 247<div class="second"><div class="inner"><ul> 248 <li id="nav-menu-item-35662" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/media/podcasts/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Podcasts</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 249 <li id="nav-menu-item-35663" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/media/videos/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Videos</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 250</ul></div></div> 251</li> 252<li id="nav-menu-item-33620" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page narrow"><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/contributors/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Contributors</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 253<li id="nav-menu-item-38077" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page narrow"><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/contribution-policy/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Submissions</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 254<li id="nav-menu-item-33619" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page narrow"><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/about/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>About</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 255<li id="nav-menu-item-35736" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom narrow"><a title="Donate" href="https://www.paypal.me/opiniojuris?locale.x=en_US" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Donate</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 256<li id="nav-menu-item-45708" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page narrow"><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/podcasts/" class=""><i class="menu_icon blank fa"></i><span>Fresh Squeezed! Podcast</span><span class="plus"></span></a></li> 257</ul> </nav> 258 <div class="header_inner_right"> 259 <div class="side_menu_button_wrapper right"> 260 <div class="side_menu_button"> 261 <a class="search_button search_covers_header search_covers_only_bottom normal" href="javascript:void(0)"> 262 <i class="qodef-icon-dripicons dripicon dripicons-search " ></i> </a> 263 264 </div> 265 </div> 266 </div> 267 </div> 268 </div> 269 </div> 270 <nav class="mobile_menu"> 271 <ul id="menu-main-menu-1" class=""><li id="mobile-menu-item-33625" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has_sub"><h3><span>Topics â</span></h3><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span> 272<ul class="sub_menu"> 273 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/uncategorized/" class=""><span>General</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 274 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33684" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/use-of-force/" class=""><span>Use of Force</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 275 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/international-criminal-law/" class=""><span>International Criminal Law</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 276 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33685" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/international-humanitarian-law/" class=""><span>International Humanitarian Law</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 277 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/international-human-right-law/" class=""><span>International Human Rights Law</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 278 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/environmental-law/" class=""><span>Environmental Law</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 279 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33683" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/trade-and-economic-law/" class=""><span>Trade & Economic Law</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 280 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33680" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/law-of-the-sea/" class=""><span>Law of the Sea</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 281 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/national-security-law/" class=""><span>National Security Law</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 282 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/foreign-relations-law/" class=""><span>Foreign Relations Law</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 283 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33682" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/topics/organizations/" class=""><span>Organizations</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 284</ul> 285</li> 286<li id="mobile-menu-item-33627" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has_sub"><h3><span>Regions â</span></h3><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span> 287<ul class="sub_menu"> 288 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33668" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/africa/" class=""><span>Africa</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 289 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33669" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/asia-pacific/" class=""><span>Asia-Pacific</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 290 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/europe/" class=""><span>
290Europe</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 291 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33832" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/latin-and-south-america/" class=""><span>Latin & South America</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 292 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33672" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/middle-east/" class=""><span>Middle East</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 293 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/regions/north-america/" class=""><span>North America</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 294</ul> 295</li> 296<li id="mobile-menu-item-33701" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has_sub"><h3><span>Announcements â</span></h3><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span> 297<ul class="sub_menu"> 298 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33703" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/announcements/events/" class=""><span>Events</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 299 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33702" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/announcements/calls-for-papers/" class=""><span>Calls for Papers</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 300 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33704" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/announcements/jobs/" class=""><span>Jobs</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 301</ul> 302</li> 303<li id="mobile-menu-item-33705" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has_sub"><h3><span>Symposia â</span></h3><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span> 304<ul class="sub_menu"> 305 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33707" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/symposia/books/" class=""><span>Books</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 306 <li id="mobile-menu-item-33706" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/symposia/articles/" class=""><span>Articles</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 307 <li id="mobile-menu-item-37502" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/symposia/themes/" class=""><span>Themes</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 308</ul> 309</li> 310<li id="mobile-menu-item-35661" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children has_sub"><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/media/" class=""><span>Media â</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span> 311<ul class="sub_menu"> 312 <li id="mobile-menu-item-35662" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/media/podcasts/" class=""><span>Podcasts</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 313 <li id="mobile-menu-item-35663" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/category/media/videos/" class=""><span>Videos</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 314</ul> 315</li> 316<li id="mobile-menu-item-33620" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/contributors/" class=""><span>Contributors</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 317<li id="mobile-menu-item-38077" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/contribution-policy/" class=""><span>Submissions</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 318<li id="mobile-menu-item-33619" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/about/" class=""><span>About</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 319<li id="mobile-menu-item-35736" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom "><a title="Donate" href="https://www.paypal.me/opiniojuris?locale.x=en_US" class=""><span>Donate</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 320<li id="mobile-menu-item-45708" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page "><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/podcasts/" class=""><span>Fresh Squeezed! Podcast</span></a><span class="mobile_arrow"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i><i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></span></li> 321</ul></nav> </div> 322 </div> 323 </div> 324 325</header> 326 327 328 329 <div class="content "> 330 <div class="content_inner "> 331 332 <div class="title_outer title_without_animation" data-height="303"> 333 <div class="title title_size_small position_left " style="height:303px;"> 334 <div class="image not_responsive"></div> 335 <div class="title_holder" style="padding-top:203px;height:100px;"> 336 <div class="container"> 337 <div class="container_inner clearfix"> 338 <div class="title_subtitle_holder" > 339 <h1 ><span>Recent Posts</span></h1> 340 <span class="separator small left" ></span> 341 342 </div> 343 </div> 344 </div>
345 </div> 346 </div> 347 </div> 348 <div class="container"> 349 <div class="container_inner default_template_holder clearfix"> 350 <div class="two_columns_66_33 background_color_sidebar grid2 clearfix"> 351 <div class="column1"> 352 <div class="column_inner"> 353 <div class="blog_holder blog_large_image_with_dividers"> 354 355 <article id="post-53170" class="post-53170 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-africa category-climate-change category-environmental-law category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-human-right-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-advisory-opinion tag-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights tag-climate-change tag-non-refoulement tag-refugee-convention"> 356 <div class="post_content_holder"> 357 <div class="post_image"> 358 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/24/climate-displacement-and-protection-from-refoulement-a-defining-moment-for-the-african-court/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Climate Displacement and Protection from Refoulement – A Defining Moment for the African Court"> 359 <img width="6240" height="4160" src="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-Namibia-environment-landscape-green-animals.jpg?fit=6240%2C4160&ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-Namibia-environment-landscape-green-animals.jpg?w=6240&ssl=1 6240w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-Namibia-environment-landscape-green-animals.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-Namibia-environment-landscape-green-animals.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-Namibia-environment-landscape-green-animals.jpg?resize=580%2C387&ssl=1 580w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-Namibia-environment-landscape-green-animals.jpg?resize=700%2C467&ssl=1 700w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-Namibia-environment-landscape-green-animals.jpg?w=2120 2120w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-Namibia-environment-landscape-green-animals.jpg?w=3180 3180w" sizes="(max-width: 6240px) 100vw, 6240px" /> </a> 360 </div> 361 <div class="post_text"> 362 <div class="post_text_inner"> 363 <div class="post_text_holder"> 364 <div class="blog_column1"> 365 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 366 <span class="date_day">24</span> 367 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 368 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 369 </div> 370 </div> 371 <div class="blog_column2"> 372 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/24/climate-displacement-and-protection-from-refoulement-a-defining-moment-for-the-african-court/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Climate Displacement and Protection from Refoulement – A Defining Moment for the African Court">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Climate Displacement and Protection from Refoulement – A Defining Moment for the African Court</a></h2> 373 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt"> 374[Cleo Hansen-Lohrey is a Lecturer in Law at the University of Tasmania whose research focuses on African regional refugee law and climate-related displacement. 375 376 377 378Tamara Wood is a Senior Lecturer in Law at La Trobe University and Visiting Fellow at the Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law, UNSW Sydney.] 379 380 381 382Climate Displacement and the Request for an Advisory Opinion 383 384 385 386In May 2025, the African Court...</p> <div class="post_info"> 387 <div class="post_info_left"> 388 389 390 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/cleo-hansenlohrey/" title="Posts by Cleo Hansen-Lohrey" class="author url fn" rel="author">Cleo Hansen-Lohrey</a> and <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/tamara-wood/" title="Posts by Tamara Wood" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tamara Wood</a> 391 392 <span class="post_author"> 393 | 394 </span> 395 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/24/climate-displacement-and-protection-from-refoulement-a-defining-moment-for-the-african-court/#respond" target="_self"> 396 0 Comments </a> 397 </div> 398 <div class="post_info_right"> 399 400 </div> 401 </div> 402 </div> 403 </div> 404 </div>
405 </div> 406 </div> 407 408 </article> 409 410 411 412 413 <article id="post-53205" class="post-53205 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-africa category-climate-change category-environmental-law category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-human-right-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-advisory-opinion tag-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights tag-climate-change tag-displaced-persons tag-freedom-of-movement tag-inter-american-court-of-human-rights tag-right-to-a-general-satisfactory-environment tag-right-to-culture tag-right-to-development tag-right-to-dignity tag-right-to-health tag-right-to-life tag-right-to-property"> 414 <div class="post_content_holder"> 415 <div class="post_image"> 416 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/23/african-states-duty-to-protect-regulating-third-parties-in-the-context-of-climate-induced-displacement/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: African States Duty to Protect – Regulating Third Parties in the Context of Climate Induced Displacement"> 417 <img width="3240" height="2160" src="https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Namibia-tree-desert-environment.jpg?fit=3240%2C2160&ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Namibia-tree-desert-environment.jpg?w=3240&ssl=1 3240w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Namibia-tree-desert-environment.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Namibia-tree-desert-environment.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Namibia-tree-desert-environment.jpg?resize=580%2C387&ssl=1 580w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Namibia-tree-desert-environment.jpg?resize=700%2C467&ssl=1 700w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Namibia-tree-desert-environment.jpg?w=2120 2120w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Namibia-tree-desert-environment.jpg?w=3180 3180w" sizes="(max-width: 3240px) 100vw, 3240px" /> </a> 418 </div> 419 <div class="post_text"> 420 <div class="post_text_inner"> 421 <div class="post_text_holder"> 422 <div class="blog_column1"> 423 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 424 <span class="date_day">23</span> 425 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 426 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 427 </div> 428 </div> 429 <div class="blog_column2"> 430 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/23/african-states-duty-to-protect-regulating-third-parties-in-the-context-of-climate-induced-displacement/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: African States Duty to Protect – Regulating Third Parties in the Context of Climate Induced Displacement">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: African States Duty to Protect – Regulating Third Parties in the Context of Climate Induced Displacement</a></h2> 431 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt"> 432[Francesca Spry is an associate at Bailey Glasser International, and an Australian-qualified solicitor.] 433 434 435 436Introduction 437 438 439 440Climate change is increasingly driving displacement worldwide. This includes in Africa, where millions of people are displaced every year due to impacts of climate change, such as drought, desertification and flooding. 441 442 443 444This year the African Court of Human and Peoplesâ Rights (AfCHPR) is considering a landmark request for an...</p> <div class="post_info"> 445 <div class="post_info_left"> 446 447 448 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/francesca-spry/" title="Posts by Francesca Spry" class="author url fn" rel="author">Francesca Spry</a> 449 450 <span class="post_author"> 451 | 452 </span> 453 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/23/african-states-duty-to-protect-regulating-third-parties-in-the-context-of-climate-induced-displacement/#respond" target="_self"> 454 0 Comments </a> 455 </div> 456 <div class="post_info_right"> 457 458 </div> 459 </div> 460 </div> 461 </div> 462 </div>
463 </div> 464 </div> 465 466 </article> 467 468 469 470 471 <article id="post-53174" class="post-53174 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-africa category-climate-change category-environmental-law category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-human-right-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-advisory-opinion tag-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights tag-climate-change tag-international-labour-organization tag-productivity tag-right-to-a-general-satisfactory-environment"> 472 <div class="post_content_holder"> 473 <div class="post_image"> 474 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/23/putting-workers-at-the-center-of-africas-climate-advisory-opinion/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Putting Workers at the Center of Africaâs Climate Advisory Opinion"> 475 <img width="800" height="600" src="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Environment.jpg?fit=800%2C600&ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Environment.jpg?w=800&ssl=1 800w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Environment.jpg?resize=300%2C225&ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Environment.jpg?resize=768%2C576&ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Environment.jpg?resize=580%2C435&ssl=1 580w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Environment.jpg?resize=700%2C525&ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </a> 476 </div> 477 <div class="post_text"> 478 <div class="post_text_inner"> 479 <div class="post_text_holder"> 480 <div class="blog_column1"> 481 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 482 <span class="date_day">23</span> 483 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 484 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 485 </div> 486 </div> 487 <div class="blog_column2"> 488 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/23/putting-workers-at-the-center-of-africas-climate-advisory-opinion/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Putting Workers at the Center of Africaâs Climate Advisory Opinion">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Putting Workers at the Center of Africaâs Climate Advisory Opinion</a></h2> 489 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt"> 490[Jacquline Wambui Wamai is a labour rights lawyer and an Advocate of the High Court of Kenya. She is currently the Regional Coordinator for SubâSaharan Africa at the International Lawyers Assisting Workers (ILAW) Network, where she leads legal and policy initiatives supporting workersâ organisations and lawyers across the region. The ILAW Network is a party to both submissions discussed in...</p> <div class="post_info"> 491 <div class="post_info_left"> 492 493 494 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/jacquline-wambui-wamai/" title="Posts by Jacquline Wambui Wamai" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jacquline Wambui Wamai</a> 495 496 <span class="post_author"> 497 | 498 </span> 499 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/23/putting-workers-at-the-center-of-africas-climate-advisory-opinion/#respond" target="_self"> 500 0 Comments </a> 501 </div> 502 <div class="post_info_right"> 503 504 </div> 505 </div> 506 </div> 507 </div> 508 </div> 509 </div> 510 </div> 511 512 </article> 513 514 515 516 517 <article id="post-53172" class="post-53172 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-africa category-climate-change category-environmental-law category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-human-right-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-advisory-opinion tag-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights tag-climate-change"> 518 <div class="post_content_holder"> 519 <div class="post_image"> 520 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/22/a-shared-call-for-climate-justice-the-amicus-submissions-before-the-african-court/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: A Shared Call for Climate Justice – The Amicus Submissions Before the African Court"> 521 <img width="5700" height="3660" src="https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-drought-green-environment.jpg?fit=5700%2C3660&ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-drought-green-environment.jpg?w=5700&ssl=1 5700w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-drought-green-environment.jpg?resize=300%2C193&ssl=1 300w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-drought-green-environment.jpg?resize=768%2C493&ssl=1 768w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-drought-green-environment.jpg?resize=580%2C372&ssl=1 580w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-drought-green-environment.jpg?resize=700%2C449&ssl=1 700w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-drought-green-environment.jpg?w=2120 2120w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Africa-drought-green-environment.jpg?w=3180 3180w" sizes="(max-width: 5700px) 100v
521w, 5700px" /> </a> 522 </div> 523 <div class="post_text"> 524 <div class="post_text_inner"> 525 <div class="post_text_holder"> 526 <div class="blog_column1"> 527 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 528 <span class="date_day">22</span> 529 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 530 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 531 </div> 532 </div> 533 <div class="blog_column2"> 534 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/22/a-shared-call-for-climate-justice-the-amicus-submissions-before-the-african-court/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: A Shared Call for Climate Justice – The Amicus Submissions Before the African Court">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: A Shared Call for Climate Justice – The Amicus Submissions Before the African Court</a></h2> 535 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt"> 536[Priyanka Naidoo is a South African human rights lawyer and an African Lawyers Alliance Fellow. She holds a BSocSci in Politics and Law, LLB and LLM from the University of Cape Town. She writes in her personal capacity.] 537 538 539 540Against a backdrop of escalating climate harm, the African Court on Human and Peoplesâ Rights (the Court) has been asked to clarify the...</p> <div class="post_info"> 541 <div class="post_info_left"> 542 543 544 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/priyanka-naidoo/" title="Posts by Priyanka Naidoo" class="author url fn" rel="author">Priyanka Naidoo</a> 545 546 <span class="post_author"> 547 | 548 </span> 549 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/22/a-shared-call-for-climate-justice-the-amicus-submissions-before-the-african-court/#respond" target="_self"> 550 0 Comments </a> 551 </div> 552 <div class="post_info_right"> 553 554 </div> 555 </div> 556 </div> 557 </div> 558 </div> 559 </div> 560 </div> 561 562 </article> 563 564 565 566 567 <article id="post-53164" class="post-53164 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-africa category-climate-change category-environmental-law category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-human-right-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-advisory-opinion tag-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights tag-african-union tag-climate-change tag-freedom-of-movement tag-inter-american-court-of-human-rights tag-internally-displaced-persons tag-kampala-convention tag-right-to-stay"> 568 <div class="post_content_holder"> 569 <div class="post_image"> 570 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/22/beyond-displacement-recognising-the-right-to-stay-in-a-changing-climate/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Beyond Displacement – Recognising the Right to Stay in a Changing Climate"> 571 <img width="5610" height="3739" src="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/damian-patkowski-T-LfvX-7IVg-unsplash.jpg?fit=5610%2C3739&ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/damian-patkowski-T-LfvX-7IVg-unsplash.jpg?w=5610&ssl=1 5610w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/damian-patkowski-T-LfvX-7IVg-unsplash.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/damian-patkowski-T-LfvX-7IVg-unsplash.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/damian-patkowski-T-LfvX-7IVg-unsplash.jpg?resize=580%2C387&ssl=1 580w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/damian-patkowski-T-LfvX-7IVg-unsplash.jpg?resize=700%2C467&ssl=1 700w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/damian-patk
571owski-T-LfvX-7IVg-unsplash.jpg?w=2120 2120w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/damian-patkowski-T-LfvX-7IVg-unsplash.jpg?w=3180 3180w" sizes="(max-width: 5610px) 100vw, 5610px" /> </a> 572 </div> 573 <div class="post_text"> 574 <div class="post_text_inner"> 575 <div class="post_text_holder"> 576 <div class="blog_column1"> 577 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 578 <span class="date_day">22</span> 579 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 580 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 581 </div> 582 </div> 583 <div class="blog_column2"> 584 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/22/beyond-displacement-recognising-the-right-to-stay-in-a-changing-climate/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Beyond Displacement – Recognising the Right to Stay in a Changing Climate">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Beyond Displacement – Recognising the Right to Stay in a Changing Climate</a></h2> 585 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt"> 586[Beatrice Njeri is a human rights lawyer, an Advocate of the High Court of Kenya and Regional Litigator for Africa at the Global Strategic Litigation Council. 587 588 589 590Bella Mosselmans is the Director of the Global Strategic Litigation Council and a human rights lawyer. She is co-initiator of the Climate Mobility Case Database, a former Kennedy Memorial Trust Scholar at Harvard Law School...</p> <div class="post_info"> 591 <div class="post_info_left"> 592 593 594 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/beatrice-njeri/" title="Posts by Beatrice Njeri" class="author url fn" rel="author">Beatrice Njeri</a>, <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/bella-mosselmans/" title="Posts by Bella Mosselmans" class="author url fn" rel="author">Bella Mosselmans</a>, <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/harj-narulla/" title="Posts by Harj Narulla" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harj Narulla</a> and <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/nikhita-mani/" title="Posts by Nikhita Mani" class="author url fn" rel="author">Nikhita Mani</a> 595 596 <span class="post_author"> 597 | 598 </span> 599 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/22/beyond-displacement-recognising-the-right-to-stay-in-a-changing-climate/#respond" target="_self"> 600 0 Comments </a> 601 </div> 602 <div class="post_info_right"> 603 604 </div> 605 </div> 606 </div> 607 </div> 608 </div> 609 </div> 610 </div> 611 612 </article> 613 614 615 616 617 <article id="post-53162" class="post-53162 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-africa category-climate-change category-environmental-law category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-human-right-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-advisory-opinion tag-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights tag-climate-change tag-inter-american-court-of-human-rights tag-right-to-a-general-satisfactory-environment tag-right-to-development tag-right-to-dignity tag-right-to-health tag-self-determination"> 618 <div class="post_content_holder"> 619 <div class="post_image"> 620 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/an-opportunity-for-the-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights-to-address-the-climate-crisis-from-a-rights-lens/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: An Opportunity for the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights to Address the Climate Crisis from a Rights Lens"> 621 <img width="4000" height="2250" src="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/vlad-hilitanu-pt7QzB4ZLWw-unsplash.jpg?fit=4000%2C2250&ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/vlad-hilitanu-pt7QzB4ZLWw-unsplash.jpg?w=4000&ssl=1 4000w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/vlad-hilitanu-pt7QzB4ZLWw-unsplash.jpg?resize=300%2C169&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/vlad-hilitanu-pt7QzB4ZLWw-unsplash.jpg?resize=768%2C432&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/vlad-hilitanu-pt7QzB4ZLWw-unsplash.jpg?resize=580%2C326&ssl=1 580w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/vlad-hilitanu-pt7QzB4ZLWw-unsplash.jpg?resize=700%2C394&ssl=1 700w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/vlad-hilitanu-pt7QzB4ZLWw-unsplash.jpg?resize=539%2C303&ssl=1 539w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/vlad-hilitanu-pt7QzB4ZLWw-unsplash.jpg?w=2120 2120w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/vlad-hilitanu-pt7QzB4ZLWw-unsplash.jpg?w=3180 3180w" sizes="(max-width: 4000px) 100v
621w, 4000px" /> </a> 622 </div> 623 <div class="post_text"> 624 <div class="post_text_inner"> 625 <div class="post_text_holder"> 626 <div class="blog_column1"> 627 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 628 <span class="date_day">21</span> 629 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 630 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 631 </div> 632 </div> 633 <div class="blog_column2"> 634 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/an-opportunity-for-the-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights-to-address-the-climate-crisis-from-a-rights-lens/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: An Opportunity for the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights to Address the Climate Crisis from a Rights Lens">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: An Opportunity for the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights to Address the Climate Crisis from a Rights Lens</a></h2> 635 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt"> 636[Dzimbabwe Chimbga is an international human rights and climate justice lawyer. He is currently the Team Leader at the African Climate Platform and the lead drafter of the Request for an advisory opinion on climate change, currently pending before the African Court on Human and Peoplesâ Rights.] 637 638 639 640A Historic Petition 641 642 643 644On 2 May 2025, the African Climate Platform (ACP), a Pan-African coalition...</p> <div class="post_info"> 645 <div class="post_info_left"> 646 647 648 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/dzimbabwe-chimbga/" title="Posts by Dzimbabwe Chimbga" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dzimbabwe Chimbga</a> 649 650 <span class="post_author"> 651 | 652 </span> 653 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/an-opportunity-for-the-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights-to-address-the-climate-crisis-from-a-rights-lens/#respond" target="_self"> 654 0 Comments </a> 655 </div> 656 <div class="post_info_right"> 657 658 </div> 659 </div> 660 </div> 661 </div> 662 </div> 663 </div> 664 </div> 665 666 </article> 667 668 669 670 671 <article id="post-53179" class="post-53179 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-africa category-climate-change category-environmental-law category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-human-right-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-advisory-opinion tag-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights tag-climate-change tag-displaced-persons tag-icj tag-inter-american-court-of-human-rights tag-right-to-stay"> 672 <div class="post_content_holder"> 673 <div class="post_image"> 674 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/symposium-on-climate-immobility-and-the-african-courts-climate-advisory-opinion-an-introduction/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: An Introduction"> 675 <img width="4288" height="2709" src="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Kenya-Africa-environment-land-grass.jpg?fit=4288%2C2709&ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Kenya-Africa-environment-land-grass.jpg?w=4288&ssl=1 4288w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Kenya-Africa-environment-land-grass.jpg?resize=300%2C190&ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Kenya-Africa-environment-land-grass.jpg?resize=768%2C485&ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Kenya-Africa-environment-land-grass.jpg?resize=580%2C366&ssl=1 580w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Kenya-Africa-environment-land-grass.jpg?resize=700%2C442&ssl=1 700w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Kenya-Africa-environment-land-grass.jpg?w=2120 2120w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Kenya-Africa-environment-land-grass.jpg?w=3180 3180w" sizes="(max-width: 4288px) 100vw, 4288px" /> </a> 676 </div> 677 <div class="post_text"> 678 <div class="post_text_inner"> 679 <div class="post_text_holder"> 680 <div class="blog_column1"> 681 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 682 <span class="date_day">21</span> 683 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 684 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 685 </div> 686 </div> 687 <div class="blog_column2"> 688 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/symposium-on-climate-immobility-and-the-african-courts-climate-advisory-opinion-an-introduction/" title="Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: An Introduction">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: An Introduction</a></h2> 689 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt"> 690[Beatrice Njeri is a human rights lawyer, an Advocate of the High Court of Kenya and Regional Litigator for Africa at the Global Strategic Litigation Council. 691 692 693 694Maria Jose Alarcon is an Assistant Editor for Opinio Juris. She writes in her personal capacity. The views expressed in this post are her own and do not represent those of the Climate Litigation Network (CLN)...</p> <div class="post_info"> 695 <div class="post_info_left"> 696 697 698 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/beatrice-njeri/" title="Posts by Beatrice Njeri" class="author url fn" rel="author">Beatrice Njeri</a> and <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/maria-jose-alarcon/" title="Posts by MarÃa José Alarcón" class="author url fn" rel="author">MarÃa José Alarcón</a> 699 700 <span class="post_author"> 701 | 702 </span> 703 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/symposium-on-climate-immobility-and-the-african-courts-climate-advisory-opinion-an-introduction/#respond" target="_self"> 704 0 Comments </a> 705 </div> 706 <div class="post_info_right"> 707 708 </div> 709 </div> 710 </div> 711 </div> 712 </div>
713 </div> 714 </div> 715 716 </article> 717 718 719 720 721 <article id="post-53160" class="post-53160 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-environmental-law category-featured category-uncategorized category-public-international-law tag-climate-change tag-fossil-fuels tag-national-determination tag-paris-agreement"> 722 <div class="post_content_holder"> 723 <div class="post_image"> 724 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/how-the-politics-of-national-determination-erode-trust-in-climate-cooperation/" title="How the Politics of National Determination Erode Trust in Climate Cooperation"> 725 <img width="2040" height="1536" src="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Climate-meetings-in-Bonn-SB64-June-2026.jpeg?fit=2040%2C1536&ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Climate-meetings-in-Bonn-SB64-June-2026.jpeg?w=2040&ssl=1 2040w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Climate-meetings-in-Bonn-SB64-June-2026.jpeg?resize=300%2C226&ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Climate-meetings-in-Bonn-SB64-June-2026.jpeg?resize=768%2C578&ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Climate-meetings-in-Bonn-SB64-June-2026.jpeg?resize=580%2C437&ssl=1 580w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Climate-meetings-in-Bonn-SB64-June-2026.jpeg?resize=700%2C527&ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 2040px) 100vw, 2040px" /> </a> 726 </div> 727 <div class="post_text"> 728 <div class="post_text_inner"> 729 <div class="post_text_holder"> 730 <div class="blog_column1"> 731 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 732 <span class="date_day">21</span> 733 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 734 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 735 </div> 736 </div> 737 <div class="blog_column2"> 738 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/how-the-politics-of-national-determination-erode-trust-in-climate-cooperation/" title="How the Politics of National Determination Erode Trust in Climate Cooperation">How the Politics of National Determination Erode Trust in Climate Cooperation</a></h2> 739 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt"> 740[Wassim Dbouk is a Research Fellow at the Southampton Marine and Maritime Institute at the University of Southampton and serves as a climate negotiator for Lebanon, where he leads on the negotiations on the Just Transition Work Programme.] 741 742 743 744At the June 2026 climate meetings in Bonn (SB64), I participated in negotiations under the Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP) that revealed competing...</p> <div class="post_info"> 745 <div class="post_info_left"> 746 747 748 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/wassim-dbouk/" title="Posts by Wassim Dbouk" class="author url fn" rel="author">Wassim Dbouk</a> 749 750 <span class="post_author"> 751 | 752 </span> 753 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/how-the-politics-of-national-determination-erode-trust-in-climate-cooperation/#respond" target="_self"> 754 0 Comments </a> 755 </div> 756 <div class="post_info_right"> 757 758 </div> 759 </div> 760 </div> 761 </div> 762 </div> 763 </div> 764 </div> 765 766 </article> 767 768 769 770 771 <article id="post-53151" class="post-53151 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-africa category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-criminal-law category-public-international-law tag-atrocity-crimes tag-icc tag-icc-bias tag-universal-jurisdiction"> 772 <div class="post_content_holder"> 773 <div class="post_image"> 774 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/the-potential-emergence-of-african-universal-jurisdiction-legislation-to-address-atrocity-crimes/" title="The Potential Emergence of African Universal Jurisdiction Legislation to Address Atrocity Crimes"> 775 <img width="1023" height="682" src="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/9897953496_df46bfa303_b.jpg?fit=1023%2C682&ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/9897953496_df46bfa303_b.jpg?w=1023&ssl=1 1023w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/9897953496_df46bfa303_b.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/9897953496_df46bfa303_b.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/9897953496_df46bfa303_b.jpg?resize=580%2C387&ssl=1 580w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/9897953496_df46bfa303_b.jpg?resize=700%2C467&ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px" /> </a> 776 </div> 777 <div class="post_text"> 778 <div class="post_text_inner"> 779 <div class="post_text_holder"> 780 <div class="blog_column1"> 781 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 782 <span class="date_day">21</span> 783 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 784 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 785 </div> 786 </div> 787 <div class="blog_column2"> 788 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/the-potential-emergence-of-african-universal-jurisdiction-legislation-to-address-atrocity-crimes/" title="The Potential Emergence of African Universal Jurisdiction Legislation to Address Atrocity Crimes">The Potential Emergence of African Universal Jurisdiction Legislation to Address Atrocity Crimes</a></h2> 789 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt"> 790[Godfrey Odongo is a nonresident senior fellow with the Strategic Litigation Project at the Atlantic Council.] 791 792 793 794Introduction 795 796 797 798Africa has witnessed several intractable armed conflicts, political crises and upheavals. including examples over the last four decades such as the 1994 Rwandan genocide and previous armed conflicts dating back to the 1990s. The International Committee of the Red Cross estimated in 2025 that Africa...</p> <div class="post_info"> 799 <div class="post_info_left"> 800 801 802 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/godfrey-odongo/" title="Posts by Godfrey Odongo" class="author url fn" rel="author">Godfrey Odongo</a> 803 804 <span class="post_author"> 805 | 806 </span> 807 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/21/the-potential-emergence-of-african-universal-jurisdiction-legislation-to-address-atrocity-crimes/#respond" target="_self"> 808 0 Comments </a> 809 </div> 810 <div class="post_info_right"> 811 812 </div> 813 </div> 814 </div> 815 </div> 816 </div>
817 </div> 818 </div> 819 820 </article> 821 822 823 824 825 <article id="post-53114" class="post-53114 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-announcements category-calls-for-papers category-events"> 826 <div class="post_content_holder"> 827 <div class="post_text"> 828 <div class="post_text_inner"> 829 <div class="post_text_holder"> 830 <div class="blog_column1"> 831 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 832 <span class="date_day">20</span> 833 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 834 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 835 </div> 836 </div> 837 <div class="blog_column2"> 838 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/20/events-and-announcements-20-september-2026/" title="Events and Announcements: 20 September 2026">Events and Announcements: 20 September 2026</a></h2> 839 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt"> 840To have your event or announcement featured in next weekâs post, please send a link and a brief description (1-2 paragraphs) to [email protected]. 841 842 843 844Calls for Applications 845 846 847 848Mainz Masterclass in International Adjudication: Applications are invited for participation in the First Mainz Masterclass in International Adjudication on 9 April 2027, organized by the Mainz International Adjudication Centre (MAIAC) at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany....</p> <div class="post_info"> 849 <div class="post_info_left"> 850 851 852 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/emilia-klebanowski/" title="Posts by Emilia Klebanowski" class="author url fn" rel="author">Emilia Klebanowski</a> 853 854 <span class="post_author"> 855 | 856 </span> 857 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/20/events-and-announcements-20-september-2026/#respond" target="_self"> 858 0 Comments </a> 859 </div> 860 <div class="post_info_right"> 861 862 </div> 863 </div> 864 </div> 865 </div> 866 </div> 867 </div> 868 </div> 869 870 </article> 871 872 873 874 875 <article id="post-53130" class="post-53130 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-international-criminal-law category-international-humanitarian-law category-middle-east"> 876 <div class="post_content_holder"> 877 <div class="post_image"> 878 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/19/the-iran-iiffms-unconvincing-war-crimes-analysis/" title="The Iran IIFFM’s Unconvincing War Crimes Analysis"> 879 <img width="2000" height="1333" src="https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/gettyimages-2264285328.jpg?fit=2000%2C1333&ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/gettyimages-2264285328.jpg?w=2000&ssl=1 2000w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/gettyimages-2264285328.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/gettyimages-2264285328.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/gettyimages-2264285328.jpg?resize=580%2C387&ssl=1 580w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/gettyimages-2264285328.jpg?resize=700%2C467&ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px" /> </a> 880 </div> 881 <div class="post_text"> 882 <div class="post_text_inner"> 883 <div class="post_text_holder"> 884 <div class="blog_column1"> 885 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 886 <span class="date_day">19</span> 887 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 888 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 889 </div> 890 </div> 891 <div class="blog_column2"> 892 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/19/the-iran-iiffms-unconvincing-war-crimes-analysis/" title="The Iran IIFFM’s Unconvincing War Crimes Analysis">The Iran IIFFM’s Unconvincing War Crimes Analysis</a></h2> 893 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">The Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Islamic Republic of Iran (IIFFM), created by the Human Rights Council, has released a new report. It's a depressing read, painstakingly cataloging Iran's human-rights violations and analysing two airstrikes carried out by the United States on 28 February 2026 -- the notorious attack on the the Shajareh Tayyebeh Primary School in Minab, which...</p> <div class="post_info"> 894 <div class="post_info_left"> 895 896 897 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/kevinjonheller/" title="Posts by Kevin Jon Heller" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kevin Jon Heller</a> 898 899 <span class="post_author"> 900 | 901 </span> 902 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/19/the-iran-iiffms-unconvincing-war-crimes-analysis/#comments" target="_self"> 903 1 Comment </a> 904 </div> 905 <div class="post_info_right"> 906 907 </div> 908 </div> 909 </div> 910 </div> 911 </div>
912 </div> 913 </div> 914 915 </article> 916 917 918 919 920 <article id="post-53117" class="post-53117 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-artificial-intelligence category-featured category-international-criminal-law category-international-humanitarian-law category-international-law category-middle-east category-north-america category-organizations category-public-international-law category-technology category-use-of-force tag-fact-finding-mission tag-war-crimes"> 921 <div class="post_content_holder"> 922 <div class="post_image"> 923 <a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/18/un-fact-finding-mission-on-iran-u-s-war-crimes-and-precautions-in-ai-enabled-warfare/" title="UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran: U.S. War Crimes and Precautions in AI-Enabled Warfare"> 924 <img width="1200" height="800" src="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/lamerd-final.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/lamerd-final.jpeg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/lamerd-final.jpeg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/lamerd-final.jpeg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/lamerd-final.jpeg?resize=580%2C387&ssl=1 580w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/lamerd-final.jpeg?resize=700%2C467&ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /> </a> 925 </div> 926 <div class="post_text"> 927 <div class="post_text_inner"> 928 <div class="post_text_holder"> 929 <div class="blog_column1"> 930 <div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated"> 931 <span class="date_day">18</span> 932 <span class="date_month">Sep</span> 933 <meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/> 934 </div> 935 </div> 936 <div class="blog_column2"> 937 <h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/18/un-fact-finding-mission-on-iran-u-s-war-crimes-and-precautions-in-ai-enabled-warfare/" title="UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran: U.S. War Crimes and Precautions in AI-Enabled Warfare">UN Fact-Finding Mission on Iran: U.S. War Crimes and Precautions in AI-Enabled Warfare</a></h2> 938 <p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt"> 939[Jessica Dorsey is an Assistant Professor of International Law at Utrecht University School of Law and Managing Editor of Opinio Juris.]The UN Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Islamic Republic of Iran (FFMI) released its 18-page report to the Human Rights Council on 17 September 2026. In the report, among other findings, the Mission outlines reasonable grounds to believe that the United...</p> <div class="post_info"> 940 <div class="post_info_left"> 941 942 943 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/jessica-dorsey/" title="Posts by Jessica Dorsey" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jessica Dorsey</a> 944 945 <span class="post_author"> 946 | 947 </span> 948 <a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/18/un-fact-finding-mission-on-iran-u-s-war-crimes-and-precautions-in-ai-enabled-warfare/#respond" target="_self"> 949 0 Comments </a> 950 </div> 951 <div class="post_info_right"> 952 953 </div> 954 </div> 955 </div> 956 </div> 957 </div> 958 </div> 959 </div> 960 961 </article> 962 963 964 965 966 <div class='pagination'><ul><li class='prev'><a itemprop='url' href='https://opiniojuris.org/blog/'><i class='fa fa-angle-left'></i></a></li><li class='active'><span>1</span></li><li class='next next_last'><a href="https://opiniojuris.org/blog/page/2/"><i class='fa fa-angle-right'></i></a></li><li class='last'><a itemprop='url' href='https://opiniojuris.org/blog/page/1123/'><i class='fa fa-angle-double-right'></i></a></li></ul></div>
967 </div> 968 </div> 969 </div> 970 <div class="column2"> 971 <div class="column_inner"> 972 <aside class="sidebar"> 973 974 <div id="recent-posts-5" class="widget widget_recent_entries posts_holder"> <h5>Recent Posts</h5> <ul> 975 <li> 976 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/24/climate-displacement-and-protection-from-refoulement-a-defining-moment-for-the-african-court/">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Climate Displacement and Protection from Refoulement – A Defining Moment for the African Court</a> 977 </li> 978 <li> 979 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/23/african-states-duty-to-protect-regulating-third-parties-in-the-context-of-climate-induced-displacement/">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: African States Duty to Protect – Regulating Third Parties in the Context of Climate Induced Displacement</a> 980 </li> 981 <li> 982 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/23/putting-workers-at-the-center-of-africas-climate-advisory-opinion/">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Putting Workers at the Center of Africaâs Climate Advisory Opinion</a> 983 </li> 984 <li> 985 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/22/a-shared-call-for-climate-justice-the-amicus-submissions-before-the-african-court/">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: A Shared Call for Climate Justice – The Amicus Submissions Before the African Court</a> 986 </li> 987 <li> 988 <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/22/beyond-displacement-recognising-the-right-to-stay-in-a-changing-climate/">Symposium on Climate (Im)Mobility and the African Courtâs Climate Advisory Opinion: Beyond Displacement – Recognising the Right to Stay in a Changing Climate</a> 989 </li> 990 </ul> 991 </div> </aside> 992 </div> 993 994 </div> 995 </div> 996 </div> 997 </div> 998 999 </div> 1000</div> 1001 1002 1003 1004 <footer > 1005 <div class="footer_inner clearfix"> 1006 <div class="footer_top_holder"> 1007 <div class="footer_top footer_top_full"> 1008 <div class="two_columns_50_50 clearfix"> 1009 <div class="column1 footer_col1"> 1010 <div class="column_inner"> 1011 <div id="text-2" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p>© <!--?php echo date("Y");?--> Opinio Juris | <a href="https://openandhonest.design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Design by Open & Honest</a> | <a href="https://www.icj.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">In association with the International Commission of Jurists</a></p> 1012</div> 1013 </div> </div> 1014 </div> 1015 <div class="column2 footer_col2"> 1016 <div class="column_inner"> 1017 <span class='q_social_icon_holder normal_social' data-color=#fff data-hover-color=#6abcd0><a itemprop='url' href='https://twitter.com/opiniojuris?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor' target='_blank'><i class="qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-twitter simple_social" style="color: #fff;font-size: 20px;" ></i></a></span><span class='q_social_icon_holder normal_social' data-color=#ffffff data-hover-color=#6abcd0><a itemprop='url' href='https://www.facebook.com/opiniojuris/' target='_blank'><i class="qode_icon_font_awesome fa fa-facebook simple_social" style="color: #ffffff;font-size: 20px;" ></i></a></span><span class='q_social_icon_holder normal_social' data-color=#ffffff data-hover-color=#6abcd0><a itemprop='url' href='http://feeds2.feedburner.com/opiniojurisfeed' target='_blank'><span aria-hidden="true" class="qode_icon_font_elegant social_rss simple_social" style="color: #ffffff;font-size: 18px;" ></span></a></span> </div> 1018 </div> 1019 </div> 1020 </div> 1021 </div> 1022 <div class="footer_bottom_holder"> 1023 <div class="two_columns_50_50 footer_bottom_columns clearfix"> 1024 <div class="column1 footer_bottom_column"> 1025 <div class="column_inner"> 1026 <div class="footer_bottom"> 1027 </div> 1028 </div> 1029 </div> 1030 <div class="column2 footer_bottom_column"> 1031 <div class="column_inner"> 1032 <div class="footer_bottom"> 1033 </div> 1034 </div> 1035 </div>
1036 </div> 1037 </div> 1038 </div> 1039 </footer> 1040 1041</div> 1042</div> 1043
1043<script type="text/javascript"> 1044 1045 var pfHeaderImgUrl = ''; 1046 var pfHeaderTagline = ''; 1047 var pfdisableClickToDel = '1'; 1048 var pfImagesSize = 'full-size'; 1049 var pfImageDisplayStyle = 'left'; 1050 var pfEncodeImages = '0'; 1051 var pfDisableEmail = '1'; 1052 var pfDisablePDF = '0'; 1053 var pfDisablePrint = '0'; 1054 var pfCustomCSS = ''; 1055 var pfPlatform = 'Wordpress'; 1056 </script>
1056 1057
1057<script async src='https://cdn.printfriendly.com/printfriendly.js'></script>
1057
1058<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/photon/photon.min.js?ver=20190201'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1058
1058
1059<script type='text/javascript' src='https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/js/devicepx-jetpack.js?ver=202639'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1059
1059
1060<script type='text/javascript'> 1061/* <![CDATA[ */ 1062var qodeLike = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/opiniojuris.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; 1063/* ]]> */ 1064</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1064
1064
1065<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/qode-like.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1065
1065
1066<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1066
1066
1067<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/widget.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1067
1067
1068<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/accordion.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1068
1068
1069<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/position.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1069
1069
1070<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/menu.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1070
1070
1071<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/wp-sanitize.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1071
1071
1072<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/wp-a11y.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1072
1072
1073<script type='text/javascript'> 1074/* <![CDATA[ */ 1075var uiAutocompleteL10n = {"noResults":"No results found.","oneResult":"1 result found. Use up and down arrow keys to navigate.","manyResults":"%d results found. Use up and down arrow keys to navigate.","itemSelected":"Item selected."}; 1076/* ]]> */ 1077</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1077
1077
1078<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/autocomplete.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1078
1078
1079<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/button.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1079
1079
1080<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1080
1080
1081<script type='text/javascript'> 1082jQuery(document).ready(function(jQuery){jQuery.datepicker.setDefaults({"closeText":"Close","currentText":"Today","monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Previous","dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"dateFormat":"dd.mm.y","firstDay":1,"isRTL":false});}); 1083</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1083
1083
1084<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1084
1084
1085<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/resizable.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1085
1085
1086<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/draggable.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1086
1086
1087<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/dialog.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1087
1087
1088<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/droppable.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1088
1088
1089<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/progressbar.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1089
1089
1090<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/selectable.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1090
1090
1091<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/sortable.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1091
1091
1092<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/slider.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1092
1092
1093<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/spinner.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1093
1093
1094<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/tooltip.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1094
1094
1095<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/tabs.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1095
1095
1096<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1096
1096
1097<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-blind.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1097
1097
1098<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-bounce.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1098
1098
1099<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-clip.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1099
1099
1100<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-drop.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1100
1100
1101<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-explode.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1101
1101
1102<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-fade.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1102
1102
1103<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-fold.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1103
1103
1104<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-highlight.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1104
1104
1105<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-pulsate.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1105
1105
1106<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-size.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1106
1106
1107<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-scale.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1107
1107
1108<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-shake.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1108
1108
1109<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-slide.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1109
1109
1110<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect-transfer.min.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1110
1110
1111<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1111
1111
1112<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/jquery.carouFredSel-6.2.1.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1112
1112
1113<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/lemmon-slider.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1113
1113
1114<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/jquery.fullPage.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1114
1114
1115<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/jquery.mousewheel.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1115
1115
1116<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/jquery.touchSwipe.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1116
1116
1117<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/lib/bower/isotope/dist/isotope.pkgd.min.js?ver=5.5.2'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1117
1117
1118<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/packery-mode.pkgd.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1118
1118
1119<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/jquery.stretch.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1119
1119
1120<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/imagesloaded.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1120
1120
1121<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/rangeslider.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1121
1121
1122<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/jquery.event.move.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1122
1122
1123<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/plugins/jquery.twentytwenty.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1123
1123
1124<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/default_dynamic.js?ver=1548428262'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1124
1124
1125<script type='text/javascript'> 1126/* <![CDATA[ */ 1127var QodeAdminAjax = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/opiniojuris.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; 1128var qodeGlobalVars = {"vars":{"qodeAddingToCartLabel":"Adding to Cart..."}}; 1129/* ]]> */ 1130</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1130
1130
1131<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/default.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1131
1131
1132<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/themes/bridge/js/custom_js.js?ver=1548428262'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1132
1132
1133<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/js/dist/js_composer_front.min.js?ver=5.5.2'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1133
1133
1134<script type='text/javascript' src='https://opiniojuris.org/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=5.2.26'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1134
1134
1135<script type='text/javascript' src='https://stats.wp.com/e-202639.js' async='async' defer='defer'></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1135
1135
1136<script type='text/javascript'> 1137 _stq = window._stq || []; 1138 _stq.push([ 'view', {v:'ext',j:'1:7.5.4',blog:'150489880',post:'33691',tz:'2',srv:'opiniojuris.org'} ]); 1139 _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '150489880', '33691' ]); 1140</script>
1140 1141</body> 1142</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.