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245 </ul> 246 247 <article id="post-8198" class="post-8198 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cybersecurity category-open-source tag-apt tag-dnf tag-foreman tag-red-hat-enterprise-linux-rhel tag-red-hat-satellite tag-yum"> 248 <header class="entry-header"> 249 <h2 class="entry-title"> 250 <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/09/15/patching-gnu-linux-isnt-that-complicated/" title="Permalink to Patching GNU Linux isn’t that complicated…" rel="bookmark">Patching GNU Linux isn’t that complicated…</a> 251 </h2> 252 <div class="entry-meta"> 253 <span class="author vcard" >By <a class="url fn n" rel="author" href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/author/bako/" title="View all posts by bako">bako</a></span> <span><time class="onDate date published" datetime="2021-09-15T23:17:55-10:00"> <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/09/15/patching-gnu-linux-isnt-that-complicated/" rel="bookmark">15 September 2021</a> </time></span><time class="updated" datetime="2021-09-18T20:09:03-10:00">18 September 2021</time> <span class="bl_categ"> <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/category/cybersecurity/" rel="tag">Cybersecurity</a>, <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/category/open-source/" rel="tag">Open Source</a> </span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 254 255 256 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 257 258 259 260 <div class="entry-summary"> 261 <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/09/15/patching-gnu-linux-isnt-that-complicated/" title="Patching GNU Linux isn'
261t that complicated..."><img width="350" height="350" src="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/hmm-upgrades-350x350.png" class="aligncenter post_thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/hmm-upgrades-350x350.png 350w, https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/hmm-upgrades-300x300.png 300w, https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/hmm-upgrades-150x150.png 150w, https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/hmm-upgrades-50x50.png 50w, https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/hmm-upgrades.png 540w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" data-attachment-id="8199" data-permalink="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/09/15/patching-gnu-linux-isnt-that-complicated/hmm-upgrades/" data-orig-file="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/hmm-upgrades.png" data-orig-size="540,540" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="hmm-upgrades" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/hmm-upgrades.png" /></a> <p>I’ve been a GNU Linux admin for over ten years now. And one things that most admins loathe is the infamous “Patch Tuesday”. Whilst it’s mostly due to the possibility of new software breaking operability of software, most don’t like having to log into all the servers and running updates…. <a class="continue-reading-link" href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/09/15/patching-gnu-linux-isnt-that-complicated/">Continue reading</a></p> 262<div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 263 data-shared="sharing-twitter-8198" 264 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" 265 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/09/15/patching-gnu-linux-isnt-that-complicated/?share=twitter" 266 target="_blank" 267 aria-labelledby="sharing-twitter-8198" 268 > 269 <span id="sharing-twitter-8198" hidden>Share on X (Opens in new window)</span> 270 <span>X</span> 271 </a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 272 data-shared="sharing-facebook-8198" 273 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" 274 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/09/15/patching-gnu-linux-isnt-that-complicated/?share=facebook" 275 target="_blank" 276 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-8198" 277 > 278 <span id="sharing-facebook-8198" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 279 <span>Facebook</span> 280 </a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 281 data-shared="sharing-linkedin-8198" 282 class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" 283 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/09/15/patching-gnu-linux-isnt-that-complicated/?share=linkedin" 284 target="_blank" 285 aria-labelledby="sharing-linkedin-8198" 286 > 287 <span id="sharing-linkedin-8198" hidden>Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span> 288 <span>LinkedIn</span> 289 </a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 290 data-shared="sharing-print-8198" 291 class="share-print sd-button share-icon" 292 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/09/15/patching-gnu-linux-isnt-that-complicated/?share=print" 293 target="_blank" 294 aria-labelledby="sharing-print-8198" 295 > 296 <span id="sharing-print-8198" hidden>Print (Opens in new window)</span> 297 <span>Print</span> 298 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-107300501-8198-6ac726f9af38e' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=16.3#blog_id=107300501&post_id=8198&origin=www.boydhanaleiako.me&obj_id=107300501-8198-6ac726f9af38e' data-name='like-post-frame-107300501-8198-6ac726f9af38e' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indef
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While signing up for my testing I decided to go for the Pearson OnVue testing so that I could slide it in when “teleworking”. Unfortunately, they only had the fresh off the pan LPIC-3 Version… <a class="continue-reading-link" href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/08/27/lpic-certs-are-stepping-up/">Continue reading</a></p> 322<div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 323 data-shared="sharing-twitter-8187" 324 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" 325 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/08/27/lpic-certs-are-stepping-up/?share=twitter" 326 target="_blank" 327 aria-labelledby="sharing-twitter-8187" 328 > 329 <span id="sharing-twitter-8187" hidden>Share on X (Opens in new window)</span> 330 <span>X</span> 331 </a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 332 data-shared="sharing-facebook-8187" 333 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" 334 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/08/27/lpic-certs-are-stepping-up/?share=facebook" 335 target="_blank" 336 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-8187" 337 > 338 <span id="sharing-facebook-8187" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 339 <span>Facebook</span> 340 </a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 341 data-shared="sharing-linkedin-8187" 342 class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" 343 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/08/27/lpic-certs-are-stepping-up/?share=linkedin" 344 target="_blank" 345 aria-labelledby="sharing-linkedin-8187" 346 > 347 <span id="sharing-linkedin-8187" hidden>Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span> 348 <span>LinkedIn</span> 349 </a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 350 data-shared="sharing-print-8187" 351 class="share-print sd-button share-icon" 352 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2021/08/27/lpic-certs-are-stepping-up/?share=print" 353 target="_blank" 354 aria-labelledby="sharing-print-8187" 355 > 356 <span id="sharing-print-8187" hidden>Print (Opens in new window)</span> 357 <span>Print</span> 358 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-107300501-8187-6ac726f9afe30' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=16.3#blog_id=107300501&post_id=8187&origin=www.boydhanaleiako.me&obj_id=107300501-8187-6ac726f9afe30' data-name='like-post-frame-107300501-8187-6ac726f9afe30' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indef
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Aside from from obviously suspicious lines of php being prepended or appended to legitimate php files, there were also completely new php… <a class="continue-reading-link" href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/04/04/file-integrity-checking-on-a-shared-hosting-server/">Continue reading</a></p> 381<div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 382 data-shared="sharing-twitter-8023" 383 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" 384 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/04/04/file-integrity-checking-on-a-shared-hosting-server/?share=twitter" 385 target="_blank" 386 aria-labelledby="sharing-twitter-8023" 387 > 388 <span id="sharing-twitter-8023" hidden>Share on X (Opens in new window)</span> 389 <span>X</span> 390 </a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 391 data-shared="sharing-facebook-8023" 392 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" 393 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/04/04/file-integrity-checking-on-a-shared-hosting-server/?share=facebook" 394 target="_blank" 395 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-8023" 396 > 397 <span id="sharing-facebook-8023" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 398 <span>Facebook</span> 399 </a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 400 data-shared="sharing-linkedin-8023" 401 class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" 402 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/04/04/file-integrity-checking-on-a-shared-hosting-server/?share=linkedin" 403 target="_blank" 404 aria-labelledby="sharing-linkedin-8023" 405 > 406 <span id="sharing-linkedin-8023" hidden>Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span> 407 <span>LinkedIn</span> 408 </a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 409 data-shared="sharing-print-8023" 410 class="share-print sd-button share-icon" 411 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/04/04/file-integrity-checking-on-a-shared-hosting-server/?share=print" 412 target="_blank" 413 aria-labelledby="sharing-print-8023" 414 > 415 <span id="sharing-print-8023" hidden>Print (Opens in new window)</span> 416 <span>Print</span> 417 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-107300501-8023-6ac726f9b064d' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=16.3#blog_id=107300501&post_id=8023&origin=www.boydhanaleiako.me&obj_id=107300501-8023-6ac726f9b064d' data-name='like-post-frame-107300501-8023-6ac726f9b064d' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indef
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441It’s not worth the $60. <a class="continue-reading-link" href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/02/06/book-review-pearson-vue-comptia-casp-cas-003-isbn-13978-0-7897-5944-3/">Continue reading</a></p> 442<div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 443 data-shared="sharing-twitter-323" 444 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" 445 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/02/06/book-review-pearson-vue-comptia-casp-cas-003-isbn-13978-0-7897-5944-3/?share=twitter" 446 target="_blank" 447 aria-labelledby="sharing-twitter-323" 448 > 449 <span id="sharing-twitter-323" hidden>Share on X (Opens in new window)</span> 450 <span>X</span> 451 </a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 452 data-shared="sharing-facebook-323" 453 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" 454 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/02/06/book-review-pearson-vue-comptia-casp-cas-003-isbn-13978-0-7897-5944-3/?share=facebook" 455 target="_blank" 456 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-323" 457 > 458 <span id="sharing-facebook-323" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 459 <span>Facebook</span> 460 </a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 461 data-shared="sharing-linkedin-323" 462 class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" 463 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/02/06/book-review-pearson-vue-comptia-casp-cas-003-isbn-13978-0-7897-5944-3/?share=linkedin" 464 target="_blank" 465 aria-labelledby="sharing-linkedin-323" 466 > 467 <span id="sharing-linkedin-323" hidden>Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span> 468 <span>LinkedIn</span> 469 </a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 470 data-shared="sharing-print-323" 471 class="share-print sd-button share-icon" 472 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/02/06/book-review-pearson-vue-comptia-casp-cas-003-isbn-13978-0-7897-5944-3/?share=print" 473 target="_blank" 474 aria-labelledby="sharing-print-323" 475 > 476 <span id="sharing-print-323" hidden>Print (Opens in new window)</span> 477 <span>Print</span> 478 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-107300501-323-6ac726f9b0da3' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=16.3#blog_id=107300501&post_id=323&origin=www.boydhanaleiako.me&obj_id=107300501-323-6ac726f9b0da3' data-name='like-post-frame-107300501-323-6ac726f9b0da3' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indefinite"/></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Loadingâ¦</span></span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> 479 <footer class="entry-meta"> 480 <div class="footer-tags"><span class="bl_tagg">Tagged</span> <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/tag/book-review/" rel="tag">Book Review</a>, <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/tag/cas-003/" rel="tag">CAS-003</a>, <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/tag/certification/" rel="tag">Certification</a>, <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/tag/comptia/" rel="tag">CompTIA</a>, <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/tag/infosec/" rel="tag">Infosec</a>, <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/tag/pearson-vue/" rel="tag">Pearson Vue</a> </div> 481 </footer><!-- #entry-meta --> 482 483 </article><!-- #post-323 --> 484 485 486 487 <article id="post-304" class="post-304 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-cybersecurity tag-infosec tag-talent-management"> 488 <header class="entry-header"> 489 <h2 class="entry-title">
490 <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/01/02/good-tech-talent-is-still-hard-to-find-how-to-bridge-the-gap/" title="Permalink to Good tech talent is still hard to find (how to bridge the gap)" rel="bookmark">Good tech talent is still hard to find (how to bridge the gap)</a> 491 </h2> 492 <div class="entry-meta"> 493 <span class="author vcard" >By <a class="url fn n" rel="author" href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/author/bako/" title="View all posts by bako">bako</a></span> <span><time class="onDate date published" datetime="2020-01-02T12:02:04-10:00"> <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/01/02/good-tech-talent-is-still-hard-to-find-how-to-bridge-the-gap/" rel="bookmark">2 January 2020</a> </time></span><time class="updated" datetime="2020-01-02T12:02:04-10:00">2 January 2020</time> <span class="bl_categ"> <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/category/cybersecurity/" rel="tag">Cybersecurity</a> </span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 494 495 496 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 497 498 499 500 <div class="entry-summary"> 501 <p>The 2019 State of the CIO confirmed that finding and nurturing the right skills to support digital transformation and the ongoing IT agenda is a significant hurdle for many IT organizations. Technology skills were the biggest gap â half of respondents cited technology integration and implementation skills as the most… <a class="continue-reading-link" href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/01/02/good-tech-talent-is-still-hard-to-find-how-to-bridge-the-gap/">Continue reading</a></p> 502<div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 503 data-shared="sharing-twitter-304" 504 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" 505 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/01/02/good-tech-talent-is-still-hard-to-find-how-to-bridge-the-gap/?share=twitter" 506 target="_blank" 507 aria-labelledby="sharing-twitter-304" 508 > 509 <span id="sharing-twitter-304" hidden>Share on X (Opens in new window)</span> 510 <span>X</span> 511 </a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 512 data-shared="sharing-facebook-304" 513 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" 514 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/01/02/good-tech-talent-is-still-hard-to-find-how-to-bridge-the-gap/?share=facebook" 515 target="_blank" 516 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-304" 517 > 518 <span id="sharing-facebook-304" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 519 <span>Facebook</span> 520 </a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 521 data-shared="sharing-linkedin-304" 522 class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" 523 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/01/02/good-tech-talent-is-still-hard-to-find-how-to-bridge-the-gap/?share=linkedin" 524 target="_blank" 525 aria-labelledby="sharing-linkedin-304" 526 > 527 <span id="sharing-linkedin-304" hidden>Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span> 528 <span>LinkedIn</span> 529 </a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 530 data-shared="sharing-print-304" 531 class="share-print sd-button share-icon" 532 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2020/01/02/good-tech-talent-is-still-hard-to-find-how-to-bridge-the-gap/?share=print" 533 target="_blank" 534 aria-labelledby="sharing-print-304" 535 > 536 <span id="sharing-print-304" hidden>Print (Opens in new window)</span> 537 <span>Print</span> 538 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-107300501-304-6ac726f9b141e' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=16.3#blog_id=107300501&post_id=304&origin=www.boydhanaleiako.me&obj_id=107300501-304-6ac726f9b141e' data-name='like-post-frame-107300501-304-6ac726f9b141e' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indef
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FireEyeâs Cyber Trendscape 2020 report found that the majority (51%) of organizations do… <a class="continue-reading-link" href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/12/23/7-signs-your-cybersecurity-is-doomed-to-fail-in-2020/">Continue reading</a></p> 562<div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 563 data-shared="sharing-twitter-290" 564 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" 565 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/12/23/7-signs-your-cybersecurity-is-doomed-to-fail-in-2020/?share=twitter" 566 target="_blank" 567 aria-labelledby="sharing-twitter-290" 568 > 569 <span id="sharing-twitter-290" hidden>Share on X (Opens in new window)</span> 570 <span>X</span> 571 </a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 572 data-shared="sharing-facebook-290" 573 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" 574 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/12/23/7-signs-your-cybersecurity-is-doomed-to-fail-in-2020/?share=facebook" 575 target="_blank" 576 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-290" 577 > 578 <span id="sharing-facebook-290" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 579 <span>Facebook</span> 580 </a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 581 data-shared="sharing-linkedin-290" 582 class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" 583 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/12/23/7-signs-your-cybersecurity-is-doomed-to-fail-in-2020/?share=linkedin" 584 target="_blank" 585 aria-labelledby="sharing-linkedin-290" 586 > 587 <span id="sharing-linkedin-290" hidden>Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span> 588 <span>LinkedIn</span> 589 </a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 590 data-shared="sharing-print-290" 591 class="share-print sd-button share-icon" 592 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/12/23/7-signs-your-cybersecurity-is-doomed-to-fail-in-2020/?share=print" 593 target="_blank" 594 aria-labelledby="sharing-print-290" 595 > 596 <span id="sharing-print-290" hidden>Print (Opens in new window)</span> 597 <span>Print</span> 598 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-107300501-290-6ac726f9b1aa4' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=16.3#blog_id=107300501&post_id=290&origin=www.boydhanaleiako.me&obj_id=107300501-290-6ac726f9b1aa4' data-name='like-post-frame-107300501-290-6ac726f9b1aa4' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indef
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I’m sure you’ve google’d and asked around the forum and tried the large file configuration all have mentioned in the docs. But, it’s still not working? Well, I’ve found an issue that maybe associated with that. <a class="continue-reading-link" href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/12/03/nextcloud-not-uploading-large-files/">Continue reading</a></p> 622<div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 623 data-shared="sharing-twitter-282" 624 class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" 625 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/12/03/nextcloud-not-uploading-large-files/?share=twitter" 626 target="_blank" 627 aria-labelledby="sharing-twitter-282" 628 > 629 <span id="sharing-twitter-282" hidden>Share on X (Opens in new window)</span> 630 <span>X</span> 631 </a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 632 data-shared="sharing-facebook-282" 633 class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" 634 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/12/03/nextcloud-not-uploading-large-files/?share=facebook" 635 target="_blank" 636 aria-labelledby="sharing-facebook-282" 637 > 638 <span id="sharing-facebook-282" hidden>Share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span> 639 <span>Facebook</span> 640 </a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 641 data-shared="sharing-linkedin-282" 642 class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" 643 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/12/03/nextcloud-not-uploading-large-files/?share=linkedin" 644 target="_blank" 645 aria-labelledby="sharing-linkedin-282" 646 > 647 <span id="sharing-linkedin-282" hidden>Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span> 648 <span>LinkedIn</span> 649 </a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" 650 data-shared="sharing-print-282" 651 class="share-print sd-button share-icon" 652 href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/12/03/nextcloud-not-uploading-large-files/?share=print" 653 target="_blank" 654 aria-labelledby="sharing-print-282" 655 > 656 <span id="sharing-print-282" hidden>Print (Opens in new window)</span> 657 <span>Print</span> 658 </a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-107300501-282-6ac726f9b218a' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/?ver=16.3#blog_id=107300501&post_id=282&origin=www.boydhanaleiako.me&obj_id=107300501-282-6ac726f9b218a' data-name='like-post-frame-107300501-282-6ac726f9b218a' data-title='Like or Reblog'><h3 class="sd-title">Like this:</h3><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class="loading"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indef
658inite"/></path></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Loadingâ¦</span></span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> </div><!-- .entry-summary --> 659 <footer class="entry-meta"> 660 <div class="footer-tags"><span class="bl_tagg">Tagged</span> <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/tag/cloud-based-storage/" rel="tag">Cloud-based Storage</a>, <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/tag/nextcloud/" rel="tag">Nextcloud</a>, <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/tag/private-internet-access-pia/" rel="tag">Private Internet Access (PIA)</a>, <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/tag/vpn/" rel="tag">VPN</a> </div> 661 </footer><!-- #entry-meta --> 662 663 </article><!-- #post-282 --> 664 665 666 667 <article id="post-251" class="post-251 post type-post status-publish format-aside has-post-thumbnail hentry category-open-source tag-infosec tag-red-hat-enterprise-linux-rhel tag-rsync tag-security-enhanced-gnu-linux-selinux post_format-post-format-aside"> 668 <header class="entry-header"> 669 <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/08/08/selinux-policy-module-tracking/" title="Permalink to SELinux Policy Module tracking" rel="bookmark">SELinux Policy Module tracking</a></h2> 670 <div class="entry-meta"> 671<h3 class="entry-format">Aside</h3> 672 <span class="author vcard" >By <a class="url fn n" rel="author" href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/author/bako/" title="View all posts by bako">bako</a></span> <span><time class="onDate date published" datetime="2019-08-08T14:00:44-10:00"> <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/2019/08/08/selinux-policy-module-tracking/" rel="bookmark">8 August 2019</a> </time></span><time class="updated" datetime="2019-12-30T21:22:15-10:00">30 December 2019</time> <span class="bl_categ"> <a href="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/category/open-source/" rel="tag">Open Source</a> </span> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> 673 674 </header><!-- .entry-header --> 675 <div class="entry-content"> 676 <p>So, today in the smoke pit I was contemplating the method in which organize to a standard the creation, approval, and tracking of SELinux Policy modules. While most GNU Linux provides SELinux policies to allow the software to do it’s thing with no issues, sometimes it doesn’t catch every scenario or consider it a necessity. I’ve worked on various contracts and projects where something doesn’t work because SELinux isn’t allowing it. Naturally, the most common reflex for most system admins is to create the selinux policy modules to allow things to work. However, from the Information Assurance (IA) Information Security (INFOSEC) that might be an issue if it’s even allowed. Across an enterprise there are various machines doing different things in which Policy Modules were created. How does one keep track of all of these deviations from the OEM policy in which most of the IA DISA STIG rules are based on?</p> 677<p>Say you log into a system that’s kind of behaving oddly. If during the investigation you notice some odd selinux policy modules are installed. How can you tell what those for exactly? How can you tell who created it? And of course, how can you tell if it wasn’t installed by a malicious entity to prevent certain actions from being blocked and or reported? How can you present that to IA in a manner in which they could comprehend? How can you tell if the system is deviated from a standardized baseline of security policies?</p> 678<p>In my mind, a centralized repository of all the known SELinux policy modules should exist containing the SELinux Policy Module (the PP file) and Type Enforcement (the TE file). Other than the obvious “require” function containing the involved types and classes and the “Allow” statements to permit the actions, the TE file should contain in comments the initiating command that encountered the requirement for the policy, the date of when the issue first started occurring, the creator of the policy and why it’s necessary. Necessity should contain the operational impact if it’s not allowed. An example:<br /> 679<code><br /> 680module IPAINSTALL 1.0;</p> 681<p>require {<br /> 682 class file execute;<br /> 683 class file execute_no_trans;<br /> 684 class process { noatsecure rlimitinh siginh };<br /> 685 type httpd_exec_t;<br /> 686 type httpd_modules_t;<br /> 687 type ldconfig_t;<br /> 688 type setroubleshootd_t;<br /> 689 type sysadm_t;<br /> 690 type system_dbusd_t;<br /> 691}</p> 692<p>#============= sysadm_t ==============<br /> 693#INITCMD:ipa-server-install<br /> 694#SDATE:08AUG2019<br /> 695#AUTHOR:Boyd H. Ako<br /> 696#COMMENT:Allows the organization standard STAFF user admin to install IPA server when executing SUDO as SYSADM role.<br /> 697allow sysadm_t httpd_exec_t:file execute;<br /> 698allow sysadm_t httpd_exec_t:file execute_no_trans;<br />
699allow sysadm_t httpd_modules_t:file execute;<br /> 700allow sysadm_t ldconfig_t:process { noatsecure rlimitinh siginh };<br /> 701allow system_dbusd_t setroubleshootd_t:process { noatsecure rlimitinh siginh };<br /> 702</code></p> 703<p>Now upon review you’ll notice that the first line is the module designation line containing the module name and version. When you convert the TE file to module (the MOD file) then to the PP file that module name will need to match the file name and will be name of the module that gets installed. which would be visible if you ran an `semodule -l`. But, once it’s a MOD, PP, and or installed it’s technically difficult to see what it’s actually for unless you’re fluent in C. Which brings us to the next part of standardizing the policy modules; the naming convention. </p> 704<p>Obviously the naming convention needs to be informative, but short. It also needs to only contain alpha characters. No hyphens, dashes, numbers, or spaces. To differentiate it seperatly from the OEM modules, I think you should use an organization anagram. Like PHNSY, CPF, or HOME for example. Then use the command without hyphens or underscores. In this case “ipaserverinstall”. I’ve contemplated the concept of using the involved types and functions that are involved. But, then you’ll end up with a really long module name.</p> 705<p>Now, over time things definitely change which might require you change or alter the policy for “ipa-server-install”. For this command it’s highly unlikely, but let’s continue and pretend it does. The changes will require you to add classes, types, and allow rules to do the whatever without issues. After troubleshooting and identifying all the rules that content that needs to be added; change the version number. The version number is the last field in the module line. The version matters because when you convert the TE to a PP and install the policy it will overwrite the existing policy. Version control is important after all.</p> 706<p>Now the tricky; yet interesting, part is how does one handle these various policies on a system to a repository hosted on another system? In this modern day and age, the de facto standard is to create some sort of web based application and interaction will use web apis. However in some environments, SSL certificates are requred for both the server and individual client (via pkcs11 or pkcs15) for authentication and validation. Yes it possible, but pretty complicated especially when you’re ssh’d into a remote system that doesn’t have access to your smartcard certificate and trying to do this. What else do we got? Old fashioned NFS share? I don’t know about that. Sometimes NFS has issues and sometimes certian security constraints make it difficult for all systems to access and interact with. What about the new commonly used GIT? Well… it’s a distributed version control system. Which would mean having to clone/download the entire repository. Which could be excessive. I’d hate to be bias, but I think using RSYNC would be the solution.</p> 707<p>Setting up an RSYNC daemon would allow you to safely and securely provide openly accessible files. Aside from being able to run it in chroot mode you can also configure it to be read-only. Using rsync you can download individual files and/or directories. If you want to be able to write to it, you can also make duplicate rsync modules that allow username and password requirement to write to the location. Or if your account on the server has write permissions to the directory you could just simply `scp` the files straight over to the location. Which is similar to how GIT transfers files over to remote systems.</p> 708<p>But, if you’re using basic files and directories how do you keep track of approval? Well, in the rsync module create a config directory containing two files. One containing a list of known policy modules with the information commented in the TE file with a status of IA approval. The second file containing hostnames with the approved policy modules to be installed to that system that’s separate from the OEM repo provided selinux policies. Which leaves us to identify foreign policy modules.</p> 709<p>To do a check on the OEM repo policies you can do a check on the files in /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules to what RPM provides it; i.e. `yum whatprovides /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/400/phnsyipaserverinstall/cil`. The ones that have no rpms associated are custom. 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1148<script id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra"> 1149var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/blocks/swiper.js"}; 1150var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"d244b1f5dd","display_exif":"0","display_comments":"1","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size \u003Cspan class=\"photo-size\"\u003E{0}\u003Cspan class=\"photo-size-times\"\u003E\u00d7\u003C/span\u003E{1}\u003C/span\u003E","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"1","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boydhanaleiako.me%2F2021%2F09%2F15%2Fpatching-gnu-linux-isnt-that-complicated%2F","blog_id":"1","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"]}; 1151//# sourceURL=jetpack-carousel-js-extra 1152</script>
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1153<script id="jetpack-carousel-js" src="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/carousel/jetpack-carousel.min.js?ver=16.3"></script>
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1154<script id="sharing-js-js-extra"> 1155var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; 1156//# sourceURL=sharing-js-js-extra 1157</script>
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1158<script id="sharing-js-js" src="https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/sharedaddy/sharing.min.js?ver=16.3"></script>
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1159<script id="sharing-js-js-after"> 1160window.WPCOM_sharing_popups = window.WPCOM_sharing_popups || {}; 1161window.WPCOM_sharing_popups[ "twitter" ] = "menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350"; 1162window.WPCOM_sharing_popups = window.WPCOM_sharing_popups || {}; 1163window.WPCOM_sharing_popups[ "facebook" ] = "menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400"; 1164window.WPCOM_sharing_popups = window.WPCOM_sharing_popups || {}; 1165window.WPCOM_sharing_popups[ "linkedin" ] = "menubar=1,resizable=1,width=580,height=450"; 1166//# sourceURL=sharing-js-js-after 1167</script>
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1168<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json"> 1169{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://www.boydhanaleiako.me/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.1.3"}} 1170</script>
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