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276    
277    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>比特币的私钥是一个<strong>小于 n 的正整数</strong>。n 的值等于</p>
278<pre><code class="highlight plaintext">0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141</code></pre>
279<p>换算成十进制为</p>
280<pre><code class="highlight plaintext">115792089237316195423570985008687907852837564279074904382605163141518161494337</code></pre>
281<p>这是一个非常大的数，它介于 <span
282class="math inline">2<sup>255</sup></span> 和 <span
283class="math inline">2<sup>256</sup></span> 之间。</p>
284<p><img
285src="https://aaron67-public.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/202410261119053.png" /></p>
286<span id="more"></span>
287<p>在发送比特币等链上资产时，需要用私钥创建数字签名以证明用户对这些资产的控制权。丢失或泄露私钥都意味着资金损失，所以对私钥的保护十分重要，具体可以分为三个方面：</p>
288<ul>
289<li>生成私钥，使用安全的随机源保证他人无法用可重复的过程碰撞出你的私钥</li>
290<li>存储和使用私钥，保证你的私钥不会泄漏给他人或被他人窃取</li>
291<li>备份私钥，让你在意外丢失私钥时还能从备份恢复它</li>
292</ul>
293<h1 id="wif">WIF</h1>
294<p>可以直接使用十进制或十六进制来表示私钥，但为了转录方便避免抄写错误，私钥一般会被编码成
295WIF（Wallet Import Format）格式。</p>
296<p>WIF 是对私钥 <a href="/2024/10/bitcoin-base58check/" title="Base58Check 编码">Base58Check</a> 编码的结果，因为一些历史原因，WIF
297分为压缩（compressed）和不压缩（uncompressed）两种格式。对于要编码的私钥：</p>
298<pre><code class="highlight plaintext">0xF97C89AAACF0CD2E47DDBACC97DAE1F88BEC49106AC37716C451DCDD008A4B62</code></pre>
299<ol type="1">
300<li>根据网络类型在私钥前添加前缀，例如比特币主网（Mainnet）要添加 0x80
301前缀。</li>
302</ol>
303<pre><code class="highlight plaintext">0x80F97C89AAACF0CD2E47DDBACC97DAE1F88BEC49106AC37716C451DCDD008A4B62</code></pre>
304<ol start="2" type="1">
305<li>根据压缩格式在私钥后添加后缀，WIF compressed 要添加 0x01 后缀，WIF
306uncompressed 不添加任何后缀。</li>
307</ol>
308<pre><code class="highlight plaintext"># WIF compressed
3090x80F97C89AAACF0CD2E47DDBACC97DAE1F88BEC49106AC37716C451DCDD008A4B6201
310# WIF uncompressed
3110x80F97C89AAACF0CD2E47DDBACC97DAE1F88BEC49106AC37716C451DCDD008A4B62</code></pre>
312<ol start="3" type="1">
313<li>对上一步的结果做 Base58Check 编码。</li>
314</ol>
315<pre><code class="highlight plaintext"># WIF compressed
316L5agPjZKceSTkhqZF2dmFptT5LFrbr6ZGPvP7u4A6dvhTrr71WZ9
317# WIF uncompressed
3185KiANv9EHEU4o9oLzZ6A7z4xJJ3uvfK2RLEubBtTz1fSwAbpJ2U</code></pre>
319<p>对同一个私钥，不同的网络类型和不同的 WIF
320格式会得到不同的编码结果。</p>
321<table>
322<colgroup>
323<col style="width: 8%" />
324<col style="width: 15%" />
325<col style="width: 5%" />
326<col style="width: 5%" />
327<col style="width: 65%" />
328</colgroup>
329<thead>
330<tr class="header">
331<th>网络</th>
332<th>WIF 压缩格式</th>
333<th>前缀</th>
334<th>后缀</th>
335<th>WIF</th>
336</tr>
337</thead>
338<tbody>
339<tr class="odd">
340<td>Mainnet</td>
341<td>compressed</td>
342<td>0x80</td>
343<td>0x01</td>
344<td>L5agPjZKceSTkhqZF2dmFptT5LFrbr6ZGPvP7u4A6dvhTrr71WZ9</td>
345</tr>
346<tr class="even">
347<td>Mainnet</td>
348<td>uncompressed</td>
349<td>0x80</td>
350<td>无</td>
351<td>5KiANv9EHEU4o9oLzZ6A7z4xJJ3uvfK2RLEubBtTz1fSwAbpJ2U</td>
352</tr>
353<tr class="odd">
354<td>Testnet</td>
355<td>compressed</td>
356<td>0xEF</td>
357<td>0x01</td>
358<td>

358cVwfreZB3i8iv9JpdSStd9PWhZZGGJCFLS4rEKWfbkahibwhticA</td>
359</tr>
360<tr class="even">
361<td>Testnet</td>
362<td>uncompressed</td>
363<td>0xEF</td>
364<td>无</td>
365<td>93UnxexmsTYCmDJdctz4zacuwxQd5prDmH6rfpEyKkQViAVA3me</td>
366</tr>
367</tbody>
368</table>
369<p>在 WIF
370中编码额外的前缀和后缀信息，是为了方便钱包软件在用户导入私钥时能正确的初始化。私钥只是一个大整数，压缩和不压缩是
371WIF 的两种格式，私钥本身不能被“压缩”。</p>
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