1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<html lang="fr-FR"> 3<head><style>img.lazy{min-height:1px}</style><link href="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/w3-total-cache/pub/js/lazyload.min.js" as="script"> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5
5<script> 6(function(html){html.className = html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement); 7//# sourceURL=twentyseventeen_javascript_detection 8</script>
8 9<meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> 10 11 <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https://yoast.com/product/yoast-seo-wordpress/ --> 12 <title>4 ways to think about the economy - Plurality</title> 13 <meta name="description" content="There are other ways to think about economics than the neoliberal paradigm, such as Keynesian, Marxist and environmental economics." /> 14 <link rel="canonical" href="https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/" /> 15 <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> 16 <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> 17 <meta property="og:title" content="4 ways to think about the economy - Plurality" /> 18 <meta property="og:description" content="There are other ways to think about economics than the neoliberal paradigm, such as Keynesian, Marxist and environmental economics." /> 19 <meta property="og:url" content="https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/" /> 20 <meta property="og:site_name" content="Plurality" /> 21 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-10-19T10:02:41+00:00" /> 22 <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-12-14T10:02:45+00:00" /> 23 <meta property="og:image" content="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/jezael-melgoza-HYQvV8wWX18-unsplash.jpg" /> 24 <meta property="og:image:width" content="800" /> 25 <meta property="og:image:height" content="499" /> 26 <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> 27 <meta name="author" content="Jacques Lawinski" /> 28 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> 29 <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Ãcrit par" /> 30 <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Jacques Lawinski" /> 31 <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Durée de lecture estimée" /> 32 <meta name="twitter:data2" content="25 minutes" /> 33
33<script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/"},"author":{"name":"Jacques Lawinski","@id":"https://plurality.eco/en/#/schema/person/89ab50ca286fa652a3f8da754ab16ad7"},"headline":"4 ways to think about the economy","datePublished":"2023-10-19T10:02:41+00:00","dateModified":"2023-12-14T10:02:45+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/"},"wordCount":5096,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https://plurality.eco/en/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/jezael-melgoza-HYQvV8wWX18-unsplash.jpg","keywords":["BQ","favourites"],"articleSection":["Politics"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/","url":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/","name":"4 ways to think about the economy - Plurality","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://plurality.eco/en/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/jezael-melgoza-HYQvV8wWX18-unsplash.jpg","datePublished":"2023-10-19T10:02:41+00:00","dateModified":"2023-12-14T10:02:45+00:00","description":"There are other ways to think about economics than the neoliberal paradigm, such as Keynesian, Marxist and environmental economics.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/#primaryimage","url":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/jezael-melgoza-HYQvV8wWX18-unsplash.jpg","contentUrl":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/jezael-melgoza-HYQvV8wWX18-unsplash.jpg","width":800,"height":499},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://plurality.eco/en/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"4 ways to think about the economy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://plurality.eco/en/#website","url":"https://plurality.eco/en/","name":"Plurality","description":"Reconnecter avec la nature","publisher":{"@id":"https://plurality.eco/en/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://plurality.eco/en/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://plurality.eco/en/#organization","name":"Plurality","url":"https://plurality.eco/en/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https://plurality.eco/en/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/cropped-plurality-logo-1.png","contentUrl":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/cropped-plurality-logo-1.png","width":250,"height":250,"caption":"Plurality"},"image":{"@id":"https://plurality.eco/en/#/schema/logo/image/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://plurality.eco/en/#/schema/person/89ab50ca286fa652a3f8da754ab16ad7","name":"Jacques Lawinski","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https://plurality.eco/en/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3784d6faf6bf2af6c527b248da27fe49f6be4780171441e1f41909ae200b1dd8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3784d6faf6bf2af6c527b248da27fe49f6be4780171441e1f41909ae200b1dd8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Jacques Lawinski"},"description":"PhD candidate in philosophy and ecology at Université Paris VIII, visiting researcher in Lesvos, Greece. A writer, an activist, and an avid walker, I explore the planet and what it means to relate to nature, finding new, ecological ways of being.","url":"https://plurality.eco/author/jacques-lawinski/"}]}</script>
33 34 <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> 35 36 37<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google.com' /> 38<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Plurality » Flux" href="https://plurality.eco/feed/" /> 39<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Plurality » Flux des commentaires" href="https://plurality.eco/comments/feed/" /> 40<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Plurality » 4 ways to think about the economy Flux des commentaires" href="https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/feed/" /> 41<link id="omgf-preload-0" rel="preload" href="//plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/omgf/google-fonts-1/dm-serif-display-normal-latin-ext-400.woff2?ver=1669702946" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> 42<link id="omgf-preload-1" rel="preload" href="//plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/omgf/google-fonts-1/dm-serif-display-normal-latin-400.woff2?ver=1669702946" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> 43<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://plurality.eco/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fplurality.eco%2F2023%2F4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy%2F" /> 44<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://plurality.eco/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fplurality.eco%2F2023%2F4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy%2F&format=xml" /> 45<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css"> 46img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px} 47/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */ 48</style> 49<link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-widgets-style-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/header-footer-elementor/inc/widgets-css/frontend.css?ver=2.8.1' media='all' /> 50<link rel='stylesheet' id='tf-font-awesome-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/all.min.css?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100' media='all' /> 51<link rel='stylesheet' id='tf-regular-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/regular.min.css?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100' media='all' /> 52<link rel='stylesheet' id='tf-header-footer-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/themesflat-addons-for-elementor/assets/css/tf-header-footer.css?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100' media='all' /> 53<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css"> 54/*! This file is auto-generated */ 55.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} 56/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css */ 57</style> 58<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-theme-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/css/dist/theme/design-tokens.min.css?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100' media='all' /> 59<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-components-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/css/dist/components/style.min.css?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100' media='all' /> 60<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-preferences-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/css/dist/preferences/style.min.css?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100' media='all' /> 61<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-editor-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/css/dist/block-editor/style.min.css?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100' media='all' /> 62<link rel='stylesheet' id='popup-maker-block-library-style-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/popup-maker/dist/packages/block-library-style.css?ver=dbea705cfafe089d65f1' media='all' /> 63<link rel='stylesheet' id='edd-blocks-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/easy-digital-downloads/includes/blocks/assets/css/edd-blocks.css?ver=3.6.4' media='all' /> 64<style id="global-styles-inline-css"> 65:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,
650) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}.wp-block-button{--wp--preset--dimension--25: 25%;--wp--preset--dimension--50: 50%;--wp--preset--dimension--75: 75%;--wp--preset--dimension--100: 100%;}:where(body) { margin: 0; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}
65.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} 66:root :where(.wp-block-icon svg){width: 24px;} 67:where(.wp-block-gallery.is-layout-flex){gap: var( --wp--style--gallery-gap-default, var( --gallery-block--gutter-size, var( --wp--style--block-gap, 0.5em ) ) );}:where(.wp-block-gallery.is-layout-grid){gap: var( --wp--style--gallery-gap-default, var( --gallery-block--gutter-size, var( --wp--style--block-gap, 0.5em ) ) );} 68:where(.wp-block-latest-posts.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-latest-posts.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} 69:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} 70:where(.wp-block-term-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-term-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} 71:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} 72:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} 73/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */ 74</style> 75<style id="wpxpo-global-style-inline-css"> 76:root { --preset-color1: #037fff --preset-color2: #026fe0 --preset-color3: #071323 --preset-color4: #132133 --preset-color5: #34495e --preset-color6: #787676 --preset-color7: #f0f2f3 --preset-color8: #f8f9fa --preset-color9: #ffffff } 77/*# sourceURL=wpxpo-global-style-inline-css */ 78</style> 79<style id="ultp-preset-colors-style-inline-css"> 80:root { --postx_preset_Base_1_color: #f4f4ff; --postx_preset_Base_2_color: #dddff8; --postx_preset_Base_3_color: #B4B4D6; --postx_preset_Primary_color: #3323f0; --postx_preset_Secondary_color: #4a5fff; --postx_preset_Tertiary_color: #FFFFFF; --postx_preset_Contrast_3_color: #545472; --postx_preset_Contrast_2_color: #262657; --postx_preset_Contrast_1_color: #10102e; --postx_preset_Over_Primary_color: #ffffff; --postx_preset_Custom_2w_color: #000; } 81/*# sourceURL=ultp-preset-colors-style-inline-css */ 82</style> 83<style id="ultp-preset-gradient-style-inline-css"> 84:root { --postx_preset_Primary_to_Secondary_to_Right_gradient: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Primary_to_Secondary_to_Bottom_gradient: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Secondary_to_Primary_to_Right_gradient: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Secondary_to_Primary_to_Bottom_gradient: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--postx_preset_Secondary_color) 0%, var(--postx_preset_Primary_color) 100%); --postx_preset_Cold_Evening_gradient: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(12, 52, 131) 0%, rgb(162, 182, 223) 100%, rgb(107, 140, 206) 100%, rgb(162, 182, 223) 100%); --postx_preset_Purple_Division_gradient: linear-gradient(0deg, rgb(112, 40, 228) 0%, rgb(229, 178, 202) 100%); --postx_preset_Over_Sun_gradient: linear-gradient(60deg, rgb(171, 236, 214) 0%, rgb(251, 237, 150) 100%); --postx_preset_Morning_Salad_gradient: linear-gradient(-255deg, rgb(183, 248, 219) 0%, rgb(80, 167, 194) 100%); --postx_preset_Fabled_Sunset_gradient: linear-gradient(-270deg, rgb(35, 21, 87) 0%, rgb(68, 16, 122) 29%, rgb(255, 19, 97) 67%, rgb(255, 248, 0) 100%); } 85/*# sourceURL=ultp-preset-gradient-style-inline-css */ 86</style> 87<style id="ultp-preset-typo-style-inline-css"> 88@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i'); :root { --postx_preset_Heading_typo_font_family: Roboto; --postx_preset_Heading_typo_font_family_type: sans-serif; --postx_preset_Heading_typo_font_weight: 600; --postx_preset_Heading_typo_text_transform: capitalize; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_font_family: Roboto; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_font_family_type: sans-serif; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_font_weight: 400; --postx_preset_Body_and_Others_typo_text_transform: lowercase; --postx_preset_body_typo_font_size_lg: 16px; --postx_preset_paragraph_1_typo_font_size_lg: 12px; --postx_preset_paragraph_2_typo_font_size_lg: 12px; --postx_preset_paragraph_3_typo_font_size_lg: 12px; --postx_preset_heading_h1_typo_font_size_lg: 42px; --postx_preset_heading_h2_typo_font_size_lg: 36px; --postx_preset_heading_h3_typo_font_size_lg: 30px; --postx_preset_heading_h4_typo_font_size_lg: 24px; --postx_preset_heading_h5_typo_font_size_lg: 20px; --postx_preset_heading_h6_typo_font_size_lg: 16px; } 89/*# sourceURL=ultp-preset-typo-style-inline-css */ 90</style> 91<link rel='stylesheet' id='trp-floater-language-switcher-style-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/css/trp-floater-language-switcher.css?ver=3.0.7' media='all' /> 92<link rel='stylesheet' id='trp-language-switcher-style-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/css/trp-language-switcher.css?ver=3.0.7' media='all' /> 93<link rel='stylesheet' id='edd-styles-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/easy-digital-downloads/assets/build/css/frontend/edd.min.css?ver=3.6.4' media='all' /> 94<link rel='stylesheet' id='cmplz-general-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr/assets/css/cookieblocker.min.css?ver=1766053722' media='all' /> 95<link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-style-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/header-footer-elementor/assets/css/header-footer-elementor.css?ver=2.8.1' media='all' /> 96<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=3.34.2' media='all' /> 97<link rel='stylesheet' id='eael-general-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/assets/front-end/css/view/general.min.css?ver=6.5.8' media='all' /> 98<link rel='stylesheet' id='eael-2440-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/essential-addons-elementor/eael-2440.css?ver=1702594965' media='all' /> 99<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/eicons/css/elementor-icons.min.css?ver=5.46.0' media='all' /> 100<style id="elementor-icons-inline-css"> 101 102 .elementor-add-new-section .elementor-add-templately-promo-button{ 103 background-color: #5d4fff !important; 104 background-image: url(https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/assets/admin/images/templately/logo-icon.svg); 105 background-repeat: no-repeat; 106 background-position: center center; 107 position: relative; 108 } 109 110 .elementor-add-new-section .elementor-add-templately-promo-button > i{ 111 height: 12px; 112 } 113 114 body .elementor-add-new-section .elementor-add-section-area-button { 115 margin-left: 0; 116 } 117 118 .elementor-add-new-section .elementor-add-templately-promo-button{ 119 background-color: #5d4fff !important; 120 background-image: url(https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/assets/admin/images/templately/logo-icon.svg); 121 background-repeat: no-repeat; 122 background-position: center center; 123 position: relative; 124 } 125 126 .elementor-add-new-section .elementor-add-templately-promo-button > i{ 127 height: 12px; 128 } 129 130 body .elementor-add-new-section .elementor-add-section-area-button { 131 margin-left: 0; 132 } 133/*# sourceURL=elementor-icons-inline-css */ 134</style> 135<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-25-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-25.css?ver=1769042729' media='all' /> 136<link rel='stylesheet' id='ultp-style-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-post/assets/css/style.min.css?ver=753' media='all' /> 137<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-image-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-image.min.css?ver=3.34.2' media='all' /> 138<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-heading-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-heading.min.css?ver=3.34.2' media='all' /> 139<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-spacer-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-spacer.min.css?ver=3.34.2' media='all' /> 140<link rel='stylesheet' id='tf-post-comment-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/themesflat-addons-for-elementor/assets/css/tf-post-comment.css?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100' media='all' /> 141<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-social-icons-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-social-icons.min.css?ver=3.34.2' media='all' /> 142<link rel='stylesheet' id='e-apple-webkit-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/conditionals/apple-webkit.min.css?ver=3.34.2' media='all' /> 143<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-2440-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-2440.css?ver=1769114986' media='all' /> 144<link rel='stylesheet' id='twentyseventeen-fonts-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/assets/fonts/font-libre-franklin.css?ver=20230328' media='all' /> 145<link rel='stylesheet' id='twentyseventeen-style-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/style.css?ver=20251202' media='all' /> 146<link rel='stylesheet' id='twentyseventeen-block-style-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/assets/css/blocks.css?ver=20240729' media='all' /> 147<link rel='stylesheet' id='heateor_sss_frontend_css-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/css/sassy-social-share-public.css?ver=3.3.79' media='all' /> 148<style id="heateor_sss_frontend_css-inline-css"> 149.heateor_sss_button_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg,a.heateor_sss_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg{background:radial-gradient(circle at 30% 107%,#fdf497 0,#fdf497 5%,#fd5949 45%,#d6249f 60%,#285aeb 90%)}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing .heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container .heateor_sss_svg{color:#fff;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent}
149.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{color:#666}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{border-color:transparent;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg{color:#fff;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{color:#666;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{border-color:transparent;}@media screen and (max-width:783px) {.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing{display:none!important}} 150/*# sourceURL=heateor_sss_frontend_css-inline-css */ 151</style> 152<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpdiscuz-frontend-css-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/wpdiscuz/themes/default/style.css?ver=7.6.45' media='all' /> 153<style id="wpdiscuz-frontend-css-inline-css"> 154 #wpdcom .wpd-blog-administrator .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-administrator .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-administrator .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-administrator .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment.wpd-reply .wpd-comment-wrap.wpd-blog-administrator{border-left:3px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-administrator .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-administrator .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-administrator .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-editor .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-editor .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-editor .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-editor .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment.wpd-reply .wpd-comment-wrap.wpd-blog-editor{border-left:3px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-editor .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-editor .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-editor .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-author .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-author .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-author .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-author .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-author .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-author .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-author .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-contributor .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-contributor .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-contributor .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-contributor .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-contributor .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-contributor .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-contributor .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-subscriber .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-subscriber .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-subscriber .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-subscriber .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-subscriber .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-wpseo_manager .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-wpseo_manager .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-wpseo_manager .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-wpseo_manager .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-wpseo_manager .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-wpseo_manager .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-wpseo_manager .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-wpseo_editor .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-wpseo_editor .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-wpseo_editor .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-wpseo_editor .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-wpseo_editor .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-wpseo_editor .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-wpseo_editor .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-translator .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-translator .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-translator .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-translator .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-translator .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-translator .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-translator .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-etn-speaker .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-etn-speaker .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-etn-speaker .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-etn-speaker .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-etn-speaker .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-etn-speaker .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-etn-speaker .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-etn-organizer .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-etn-organizer .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-etn-organizer .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-etn-organizer .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-etn-organizer .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-etn-organizer .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-etn-organizer .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_manager .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_manager .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_manager .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-shop_manager .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-shop_manager .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-shop_manager .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-shop_manager .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_accountant .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_accountant .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_accountant .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-shop_accountant .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-shop_accountant .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-shop_accountant .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-shop_accountant .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_worker .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_worker .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_worker .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-shop_worker .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-shop_worker .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-shop_worker .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-shop_worker .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_vendor .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_vendor .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-shop_vendor .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-shop_vendor .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-shop_vendor .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-shop_vendor .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-shop_vendor .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #00B38F}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-post_author .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#007312;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-post_author .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-post_author .wpd-comment-author a{color:#007312}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-post_author .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#007312}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-post_author .wpd-avatar img{border-color:#007312}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment.wpd-reply .wpd-comment-wrap.wpd-blog-post_author{border-left:3px solid #007312}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment .wpd-blog-post_author .wpd-avatar img{border-bottom-color:#007312}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-post_author .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #007312}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-reply .wpd-blog-post_author .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #007312}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-guest .wpd-comment-label{color:#ffffff;background-color:#00B38F;border:none}#wpdcom .wpd-blog-guest .wpd-comment-author, #wpdcom .wpd-blog-guest .wpd-comment-author a{color:#00B38F}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-blog-guest .wpd-comment-subheader{border-top:1px dashed #00B38F}#comments, #respond, .comments-area, #wpdcom{background:#ffffff}#wpdcom .ql-editor >
154 *{color:#777777}#wpdcom .ql-editor::before{}#wpdcom .ql-toolbar{border:1px solid #DDDDDD;border-top:none}#wpdcom .ql-container{border:1px solid #DDDDDD;border-bottom:none}#wpdcom .wpd-form-row .wpdiscuz-item input[type="text"], #wpdcom .wpd-form-row .wpdiscuz-item input[type="email"], #wpdcom .wpd-form-row .wpdiscuz-item input[type="url"], #wpdcom .wpd-form-row .wpdiscuz-item input[type="color"], #wpdcom .wpd-form-row .wpdiscuz-item input[type="date"], #wpdcom .wpd-form-row .wpdiscuz-item input[type="datetime"], #wpdcom .wpd-form-row .wpdiscuz-item input[type="datetime-local"], #wpdcom .wpd-form-row .wpdiscuz-item input[type="month"], #wpdcom .wpd-form-row .wpdiscuz-item input[type="number"], #wpdcom .wpd-form-row .wpdiscuz-item input[type="time"], #wpdcom textarea, #wpdcom select{border:1px solid #DDDDDD;color:#0a0a0a}#wpdcom .wpd-form-row .wpdiscuz-item textarea{border:1px solid #DDDDDD}#wpdcom input::placeholder, #wpdcom textarea::placeholder, #wpdcom input::-moz-placeholder, #wpdcom textarea::-webkit-input-placeholder{}#wpdcom .wpd-comment-text{color:#0a0a0a}#wpdcom .wpd-thread-head .wpd-thread-info{border-bottom:2px solid #007132}#wpdcom .wpd-thread-head .wpd-thread-info.wpd-reviews-tab svg{fill:#007132}#wpdcom .wpd-thread-head .wpdiscuz-user-settings{border-bottom:2px solid #007132}#wpdcom .wpd-thread-head .wpdiscuz-user-settings:hover{color:#007132}#wpdcom .wpd-comment .wpd-follow-link:hover{color:#007132}#wpdcom .wpd-comment-status .wpd-sticky{color:#007132}#wpdcom .wpd-thread-filter .wpdf-active{color:#007132;border-bottom-color:#007132}#wpdcom .wpd-comment-info-bar{border:1px dashed #338e5b;background:#e6f1eb}#wpdcom .wpd-comment-info-bar .wpd-current-view i{color:#007132}#wpdcom .wpd-filter-view-all:hover{background:#007132}#wpdcom .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating > label{color:#DDDDDD}#wpdcom .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating:not(:checked) > label:hover, .wpdiscuz-rating:not(:checked) > label:hover ~ label{}#wpdcom .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating > input ~ label:hover, #wpdcom .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating >
154 input:not(:checked) ~ label:hover ~ label, #wpdcom .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating > input:not(:checked) ~ label:hover ~ label{color:#FFED85}#wpdcom .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating > input:checked ~ label:hover, #wpdcom .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating > input:checked ~ label:hover, #wpdcom .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating > label:hover ~ input:checked ~ label, #wpdcom .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating > input:checked + label:hover ~ label, #wpdcom .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating > input:checked ~ label:hover ~ label, .wpd-custom-field .wcf-active-star, #wpdcom .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating > input:checked ~ label{color:#FFD700}#wpd-post-rating .wpd-rating-wrap .wpd-rating-stars svg .wpd-star{fill:#DDDDDD}#wpd-post-rating .wpd-rating-wrap .wpd-rating-stars svg .wpd-active{fill:#FFD700}#wpd-post-rating .wpd-rating-wrap .wpd-rate-starts svg .wpd-star{fill:#DDDDDD}#wpd-post-rating .wpd-rating-wrap .wpd-rate-starts:hover svg .wpd-star{fill:#FFED85}#wpd-post-rating.wpd-not-rated .wpd-rating-wrap .wpd-rate-starts svg:hover ~ svg .wpd-star{fill:#DDDDDD}.wpdiscuz-post-rating-wrap .wpd-rating .wpd-rating-wrap .wpd-rating-stars svg .wpd-star{fill:#DDDDDD}.wpdiscuz-post-rating-wrap .wpd-rating .wpd-rating-wrap .wpd-rating-stars svg .wpd-active{fill:#FFD700}#wpdcom .wpd-comment .wpd-follow-active{color:#ff7a00}#wpdcom .page-numbers{color:#555;border:#555 1px solid}#wpdcom span.current{background:#555}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-1 .wpd-new-loaded-comment > .wpd-comment-wrap > .wpd-comment-right{background:#ddffd6}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-new-loaded-comment.wpd-comment > .wpd-comment-wrap > .wpd-comment-right{background:#ddffd6}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-new-loaded-comment.wpd-comment.wpd-reply > .wpd-comment-wrap > .wpd-comment-right{background:transparent}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-new-loaded-comment.wpd-comment.wpd-reply > .wpd-comment-wrap{background:#ddffd6}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-new-loaded-comment.wpd-comment > .wpd-comment-wrap > .wpd-comment-right{background:#ddffd6}#wpdcom .wpd-follow:hover i, #wpdcom .wpd-unfollow:hover i, #wpdcom .wpd-comment .wpd-follow-active:hover i{color:#007132}#wpdcom .wpdiscuz-readmore{cursor:pointer;color:#007132}.wpd-custom-field .wcf-pasiv-star, #wpcomm .wpdiscuz-item .wpdiscuz-rating > label{color:#DDDDDD}.wpd-wrapper .wpd-list-item.wpd-active{border-top:3px solid #007132}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-2 .wpd-comment.wpd-reply.wpd-unapproved-comment .wpd-comment-wrap{border-left:3px solid #ddffd6}#wpdcom.wpd-layout-3 .wpd-comment.wpd-reply.wpd-unapproved-comment .wpd-comment-right{border-left:1px solid #ddffd6}#wpdcom .wpd-prim-button{background-color:#007132;color:#FFFFFF}#wpdcom .wpd_label__check i.wpdicon-on{color:#007132;border:1px solid #80b899}#wpd-bubble-wrapper #wpd-bubble-all-comments-count{color:#007132}#wpd-bubble-wrapper > div{background-color:#007132}#wpd-bubble-wrapper > #wpd-bubble #wpd-bubble-add-message{background-color:#007132}#wpd-bubble-wrapper > #wpd-bubble #wpd-bubble-add-message::before{border-left-color:#007132;border-right-color:#007132}#wpd-bubble-wrapper.wpd-right-corner > #wpd-bubble #wpd-bubble-add-message::before{border-left-color:#007132;border-right-color:#007132}.wpd-inline-icon-wrapper path.wpd-inline-icon-first{fill:#007132}.wpd-inline-icon-count{background-color:#007132}.wpd-inline-icon-count::before{border-right-color:#007132}.wpd-inline-form-wrapper::before{border-bottom-color:#007132}.wpd-inline-form-question{background-color:#007132}.wpd-inline-form{background-color:#007132}.wpd-last-inline-comments-wrapper{border-color:#007132}.wpd-last-inline-comments-wrapper::before{border-bottom-color:#007132}.wpd-last-inline-comments-wrapper .wpd-view-all-inline-comments{background:#007132}.wpd-last-inline-comments-wrapper .wpd-view-all-inline-comments:hover,.wpd-last-inline-comments-wrapper .wpd-view-all-inline-comments:active,.wpd-last-inline-comments-wrapper .wpd-view-all-inline-comments:focus{background-color:#007132}#wpdcom .ql-snow .ql-tooltip[data-mode="link"]::before{content:"Enter link:"}#wpdcom .ql-snow .ql-tooltip.ql-editing a.ql-action::after{content:"Enregistrer"}.comments-area{width:auto} 155/*# sourceURL=wpdiscuz-frontend-css-inline-css */ 156</style> 157<link rel='stylesheet' id='wpdiscuz-combo-css-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/wpdiscuz/assets/css/wpdiscuz-combo-no_quill.min.css?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100' media='all' /> 158<link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-elementor-icons-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/eicons/css/elementor-icons.min.css?ver=5.34.0' media='all' /> 159<link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-icons-list-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-icon-list.min.css?ver=3.24.3' media='all' /> 160<link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-social-icons-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-social-icons.min.css?ver=3.24.0' media='all' /> 161<link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-social-share-icons-brands-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/brands.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> 162<link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-social-share-icons-fontawesome-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/fontawesome.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> 163<link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-nav-menu-icons-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/solid.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> 164<link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-5-all-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/all.min.css?ver=6.5.8' media='all' /> 165<link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-4-shim-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/v4-shims.min.css?ver=6.5.8' media='all' /> 166<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_modal-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-modal.min.css?ver=2.11.1' media='all' /> 167<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_ui-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/jquery-ui/jquery-ui.min.css?ver=1.13.2' media='all' /> 168<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_tipsy-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/tipsy/tipsy.min.css?ver=1.0.0a' media='all' /> 169<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_raty-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/raty/um-raty.min.css?ver=2.6.0' media='all' /> 170<link rel='stylesheet' id='select2-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/select2/select2.min.css?ver=4.0.13' media='all' /> 171<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_fileupload-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-fileupload.min.css?ver=2.11.1' media='all' /> 172<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_confirm-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/um-confirm/um-confirm.min.css?ver=1.0' media='all' /> 173<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_datetime-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/pickadate/default.min.css?ver=3.6.2' media='all' /> 174<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_datetime_date-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/pickadate/default.date.min.css?ver=3.6.2' media='all' /> 175<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_datetime_time-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/pickadate/default.time.min.css?ver=3.6.2' media='all' /> 176<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_fonticons_ii-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/legacy/fonticons/fonticons-ii.min.css?ver=2.11.1' media='all' /> 177<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_fonticons_fa-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/legacy/fonticons/fonticons-fa.min.css?ver=2.11.1' media='all' /> 178<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_fontawesome-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-fontawesome.min.css?ver=6.5.2' media='all' /> 179<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_common-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/common.min.css?ver=2.11.1' media='all' /> 180<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_responsive-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-responsive.min.css?ver=2.11.1' media='all' /> 181<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_styles-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-styles.min.css?ver=2.11.1' media='all' /> 182<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_crop-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/cropper/cropper.min.css?ver=1.6.1' media='all' /> 183<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_profile-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-profile.min.css?ver=2.11.1' media='all' /> 184<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_account-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-account.min.css?ver=2.11.1' media='all' /> 185<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_misc-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-misc.min.css?ver=2.11.1' media='all' /> 186<link rel='stylesheet' id='um_default_css-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/css/um-old-default.min.css?ver=2.11.1' media='all' /> 187<link rel='stylesheet' id='sib-front-css-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/mailin/css/mailin-front.css?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100' media='all' /> 188<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-gf-dmserifdisplay-css' href='//plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/omgf/elementor-gf-dmserifdisplay/elementor-gf-dmserifdisplay.css?ver=1669702946' media='all' /> 189<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-gf-montserrat-css' href='//plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/omgf/elementor-gf-montserrat/elementor-gf-montserrat.css?ver=1669702946' media='all' /> 190<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-gf-delagothicone-css' href='//plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/omgf/elementor-gf-delagothicone/elementor-gf-delagothicone.css?ver=1669702946' media='all' /> 191<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-shared-0-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/fontawesome.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> 192<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-solid-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/solid.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> 193<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-regular-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/regular.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> 194<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-brands-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/brands.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' />
195<script id="jquery-core-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 195
195
196<script id="jquery-migrate-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 196
196
197<script id="jquery-js-after"> 198!function($){"use strict";$(document).ready(function(){$(this).scrollTop()>100&&$(".hfe-scroll-to-top-wrap").removeClass("hfe-scroll-to-top-hide"),$(window).scroll(function(){$(this).scrollTop()<100?$(".hfe-scroll-to-top-wrap").fadeOut(300):$(".hfe-scroll-to-top-wrap").fadeIn(300)}),$(".hfe-scroll-to-top-wrap").on("click",function(){$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:0},300);return!1})})}(jQuery); 199!function($){'use strict';$(document).ready(function(){var bar=$('.hfe-reading-progress-bar');if(!bar.length)return;$(window).on('scroll',function(){var s=$(window).scrollTop(),d=$(document).height()-$(window).height(),p=d? s/d*100:0;bar.css('width',p+'%')});});}(jQuery); 200//# sourceURL=jquery-js-after 201</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 201
201
202<script id="twentyseventeen-global-js-extra"> 203var twentyseventeenScreenReaderText = {"quote":"\u003Csvg class=\"icon icon-quote-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\"\u003E \u003Cuse href=\"#icon-quote-right\" xlink:href=\"#icon-quote-right\"\u003E\u003C/use\u003E \u003C/svg\u003E"}; 204//# sourceURL=twentyseventeen-global-js-extra 205</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 205
205
206<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="twentyseventeen-global-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/assets/js/global.js?ver=20211130"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 206
206
207<script id="font-awesome-4-shim-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/js/v4-shims.min.js?ver=6.5.8"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 207
207
208<script id="um-gdpr-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-gdpr.min.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 208
208
209<script id="sib-front-js-js-extra"> 210var sibErrMsg = {"invalidMail":"Please fill out valid email address","requiredField":"Please fill out required fields","invalidDateFormat":"Please fill out valid date format","invalidSMSFormat":"Please fill out valid phone number"}; 211var ajax_sib_front_object = {"ajax_url":"https://plurality.eco/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","ajax_nonce":"773a272a16","flag_url":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/mailin/img/flags/"}; 212//# sourceURL=sib-front-js-js-extra 213</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 213
213
214<script id="sib-front-js-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/mailin/js/mailin-front.js?ver=1769038586"></script>
214 215<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://plurality.eco/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://plurality.eco/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/2440" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr-FR" href="https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/"/> 216<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-NZ" href="https://plurality.eco/en/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/"/> 217<link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/"/> 218<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://plurality.eco/en/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/"/> 219<meta name="generator" content="Easy Digital Downloads v3.6.4" /> 220 <style>.cmplz-hidden { 221 display: none !important; 222 }</style><meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.34.2; features: additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap">
223<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.by.wonderpush.com/sdk/1.1/wonderpush-loader.min.js" async></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 223
223
224<script type="text/javascript"> 225 window.WonderPush = window.WonderPush || []; 226 window.WonderPush.push(['init', {"customDomain":"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/plugins\/mailin\/","serviceWorkerUrl":"wonderpush-worker-loader.min.js?webKey=1c356e858201696a8d2852c719175fb1e9effb8c7cb1134f5fdb4f46b9a8d73c","frameUrl":"wonderpush.min.html","webKey":"1c356e858201696a8d2852c719175fb1e9effb8c7cb1134f5fdb4f46b9a8d73c"}]); 227</script>
227 <style> 228 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), 229 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { 230 background-image: none !important; 231 } 232 @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { 233 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), 234 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { 235 background-image: none !important; 236 } 237 } 238 @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { 239 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), 240 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { 241 background-image: none !important; 242 } 243 } 244 </style> 245 <link rel="icon" href="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/cropped-plurality-logo-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> 246<link rel="icon" href="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/cropped-plurality-logo-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> 247<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/cropped-plurality-logo-180x180.png" /> 248<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/cropped-plurality-logo-270x270.png" /> 249 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, viewport-fit=cover" /></head> 250<body data-rsssl=1 data-cmplz=1 class="wp-singular post-template post-template-elementor_canvas single single-post postid-2440 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive wp-theme-twentyseventeen postx-page translatepress-fr_FR edd-js-none ehf-template-twentyseventeen ehf-stylesheet-twentyseventeen group-blog has-header-image has-sidebar colors-light elementor-default elementor-template-canvas elementor-kit-25 elementor-page elementor-page-2440"> 251 <style>.edd-js-none .edd-has-js, .edd-js .edd-no-js, body.edd-js input.edd-no-js { display: none; }</style> 252
252<script>/* <![CDATA[ */(function(){var c = document.body.classList;c.remove('edd-js-none');c.add('edd-js');})();/* ]]> */</script>
252 253 <div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="2440" class="elementor elementor-2440"> 254 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2abc0df1 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2abc0df1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"animation":"none"}"> 255 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 256 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-432f9ef5" data-id="432f9ef5" data-element_type="column"> 257 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 258 </div> 259 </div> 260 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c88b9b" data-id="3c88b9b" data-element_type="column"> 261 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 262 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bac608c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="bac608c" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_animation":"none"}" data-widget_type="image.default"> 263 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 264 <a href="https://plurality.eco"> 265 <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="593" height="130" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20593%20130'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/plurality-site-header.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-321 lazy" alt="Plurality logo" data-srcset="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/plurality-site-header.png 593w, https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/plurality-site-header-300x66.png 300w" data-sizes="100vw" /> </a> 266 </div> 267 </div> 268 </div> 269 </div> 270 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6de3777" data-id="6de3777" data-element_type="column"> 271 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 272 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-772d3520 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="772d3520" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> 273 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 274 <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> 275 <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://plurality.raisely.com"> 276 <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> 277 <span class="elementor-button-text">Donate</span> 278 </span> 279 </a> 280 </div> 281 </div> 282 </div> 283 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4b3aaadd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="4b3aaadd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 284 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 285 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">to support independent and 286ad-free ecological thinking</h2> </div> 287 </div> 288 </div> 289 </div> 290 </div> 291 </section> 292 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74d60542 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="74d60542" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 293 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 294 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-264c82fb" data-id="264c82fb" data-element_type="column"> 295 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 296 </div> 297 </div> 298 <nav class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b5642a1" data-id="4b5642a1" data-element_type="column"> 299 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 300 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2994a612 hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu" data-id="2994a612" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"padding_horizontal_menu_item":{"unit":"px","size":0,"sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_menu_item":{"unit":"px","size":11,"sizes":[]},"menu_space_between":{"unit":"px","size":46,"sizes":[]},"menu_row_space":{"unit":"px","size":0,"sizes":[]},"padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"menu_space_between_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"menu_space_between_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"menu_row_space_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"menu_row_space_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"dropdown_border_radius":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"dropdown_border_radius_tablet":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"dropdown_border_radius_mobile":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"width_dropdown_item":{"unit":"px","size":"220","sizes":[]},"width_dropdown_item_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"width_dropdown_item_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_horizontal_dropdown_item":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_dropdown_item":{"unit":"px","size":15,"sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"distance_from_menu":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"distance_from_menu_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"distance_from_menu_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_size":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_size_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_size_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_width":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_width_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_width_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_radius":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_radius_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_radius_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="navigation-menu.default"> 301 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 302 <div class="hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none" data-layout="horizontal"> 303 <div role="button" class="hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable" tabindex="0" aria-label="Menu Toggle"> 304 <span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> 305 <div class="hfe-nav-menu-icon"> 306 <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-align-justify"></i> </div>
307 </div> 308 <nav class="hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow" data-toggle-icon="<i aria-hidden="true" tabindex="0" class="fas fa-align-justify"></i>" data-close-icon="<i aria-hidden="true" tabindex="0" class="far fa-window-close"></i>" data-full-width="yes"> 309 <ul id="menu-1-2994a612" class="hfe-nav-menu"><li id="menu-item-263" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu"><a href="https://plurality.eco/category/ecology/" class = "hfe-menu-item">Ecology</a></li> 310<li id="menu-item-266" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent parent hfe-creative-menu"><a href="https://plurality.eco/category/politics/" class = "hfe-menu-item">Politics</a></li> 311<li id="menu-item-265" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu"><a href="https://plurality.eco/category/ideas/" class = "hfe-menu-item">Ideas</a></li> 312<li id="menu-item-267" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu"><a href="https://plurality.eco/category/stories/" class = "hfe-menu-item">Stories</a></li> 313<li id="menu-item-264" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category parent hfe-creative-menu"><a href="https://plurality.eco/category/food/" class = "hfe-menu-item">Food</a></li> 314</ul> 315 </nav> 316 </div> 317 </div> 318 </div> 319 </div> 320 </nav> 321 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fec321b" data-id="6fec321b" data-element_type="column"> 322 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 323 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2341ff27 hfe-nav-menu__align-right hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu" data-id="2341ff27" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"padding_horizontal_menu_item":{"unit":"px","size":0,"sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_menu_item":{"unit":"px","size":11,"sizes":[]},"menu_space_between":{"unit":"px","size":46,"sizes":[]},"menu_row_space":{"unit":"px","size":0,"sizes":[]},"padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"menu_space_between_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"menu_space_between_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"menu_row_space_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"menu_row_space_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"dropdown_border_radius":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"dropdown_border_radius_tablet":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"dropdown_border_radius_mobile":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"width_dropdown_item":{"unit":"px","size":"220","sizes":[]},"width_dropdown_item_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"width_dropdown_item_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_horizontal_dropdown_item":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_dropdown_item":{"unit":"px","size":15,"sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"distance_from_menu":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"distance_from_menu_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"distance_from_menu_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_size":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_size_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_size_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_width":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_width_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_width_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_radius":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_radius_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"toggle_border_radius_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="navigation-menu.default"> 324 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 325 <div class="hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none" data-layout="horizontal"> 326 <div role="button" class="hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable" tabindex="0" aria-label="Menu Toggle"> 327 <span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> 328 <div class="hfe-nav-menu-icon"> 329 <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-align-justify"></i> </div>
330 </div> 331 <nav class="hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow" data-toggle-icon="<i aria-hidden="true" tabindex="0" class="fas fa-align-justify"></i>" data-close-icon="<i aria-hidden="true" tabindex="0" class="far fa-window-close"></i>" data-full-width="yes"> 332 <ul id="menu-1-2341ff27" class="hfe-nav-menu"><li id="menu-item-2643" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu"><a href="https://plurality.eco/eco-coaching/" class = "hfe-menu-item">Eco-coaching</a></li> 333<li id="menu-item-610" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu"><a href="https://plurality.eco/about/" class = "hfe-menu-item">About</a></li> 334</ul> 335 </nav> 336 </div> 337 </div> 338 </div> 339 </div> 340 </div> 341 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5883887a" data-id="5883887a" data-element_type="column"> 342 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 343 </div> 344 </div> 345 </div> 346 </section> 347 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44fbcd3f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="44fbcd3f" data-element_type="section"> 348 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 349 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-13759648" data-id="13759648" data-element_type="column"> 350 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 351 </div> 352 </div> 353 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66a1735" data-id="66a1735" data-element_type="column"> 354 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 355 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4147feb elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4147feb" data-element_type="section"> 356 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 357 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-735b2da" data-id="735b2da" data-element_type="column"> 358 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 359 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0be162f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="0be162f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 360 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 361 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Big questions: Economics</h2> </div> 362 </div> 363 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5320e12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-tfposts-title" data-id="5320e12" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="tfposts-title.default"> 364 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 365 <div id="tf-post-title-5320e12" class="tf-post-title" data-tabid="5320e12"> 366 <h1 class="post-title "><a href="https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/">4 ways to think about the economy</a></h1> 367 </div> </div> 368 </div> 369 </div> 370 </div> 371 </div> 372 </section> 373 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-27256d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="27256d7" data-element_type="section"> 374 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 375 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2298138" data-id="2298138" data-element_type="column"> 376 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 377 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7707bd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="7707bd4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 378 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 379 <p>What actually happens in the economy? And how do our representations of the economy influence the way
379we try to solve the problems that we have identified? Are there alternatives to this dominant neoliberal paradigm, which isnât working? These key questions will be answered here.</p><p>New Zealanders have just elected a new Government for the next three years, led by the National Party. As Toby Boraman remarked on The Conversation and RNZ, â<a href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/500479/nz-election-2023-labour-out-national-in-either-way-neoliberalism-wins-again"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Labour out, National in â either way, neoliberalism wins again.â</span></a> The orthodox and dominant economic thinking in New Zealand has for some time been neoliberalism. In 2021, Branko Marcetic wrote an article for the Jacobin entitled, <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://jacobin.com/2021/05/new-zealand-labour-party-socialists-jacinda-ardern">âThe New Zealand âSocialistsâ Who Govern Like Neoliberalsâ</a></span> with exactly the same message: New Zealandâs political parties, and the economists that support them, might claim to wear different colours, but underneath theyâre exactly the same.</p><p>This isnât the case everywhere in the world, although dominant economic, scientific, and technical thinking is becoming more prevalent in many countries. Markets, competition, free trade, and cut backs vs spending are not the only way to look at the economy. Nor are they the only instruments a government has at its disposal to respond in times of need.</p> </div> 380 </div> 381 </div> 382 </div> 383 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3a52da" data-id="a3a52da" data-element_type="column"> 384 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 385 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5b6427c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="5b6427c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 386 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 387 <figure class="wp-caption"> 388 <img decoding="async" width="525" height="394" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20525%20394'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/grab-OxPv1C7sHHc-unsplash.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-2443 lazy" alt="Market exchange" data-srcset="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/grab-OxPv1C7sHHc-unsplash.jpg 800w, https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/grab-OxPv1C7sHHc-unsplash-300x225.jpg 300w, https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/grab-OxPv1C7sHHc-unsplash-768x576.jpg 768w" data-sizes="100vw" /> <figcaption class="widget-image-caption wp-caption-text">Image: Grab on Unsplash</figcaption> 389 </figure> 390 </div> 391 </div> 392 </div> 393 </div> 394 </div> 395 </section> 396 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ca65df1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="ca65df1" data-element_type="section"> 397 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 398 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae3bbda" data-id="ae3bbda" data-element_type="column"> 399 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 400 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-090ed09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="090ed09" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 401 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 402 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Liberal economists and financial markets</h2> </div> 403 </div> 404 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-446db84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="446db84" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 405 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 406 <p>In 21<sup>st</sup> century western societies, economists are constantly making predictions and analysing the forces of the market, in order to determine what our lives will be like. You would be justified in thinking that these market forces, in particular the financial markets, are the direct determinants of the wellbeing of our citizens.</p><p>This is only partially the case. Whilst financial markets have become some sort of ruling deity for governments and businesses, where every decision is calculated so as to not displease these markets, they are not the only way to look at the relations between people in a society. Iâm sure youâve heard yourself referred to as a consumer, and those companies who make the things you buy as producers. You exchange money and goods with them inside a market, and this forms the basis of the relationships you have, besides those with your family members, as an adult in society. There are, however, other relationships going on, and other exchanges being made, which are also economic in nature, but which are not best carried out in this model of a free market.</p><p>New Zealand suffers from a hegemony of orthodox liberal market economists. All Finance Ministers believe almost the same things about the economy: as demonstrated by the two articles linked above. What differs is the extent to which they want to intervene through social subsidies and Government spending (and therefore in taxation, too). Left leaning parties tax to redistribute some of the wealth; right-leaning parties reduce taxes to let the market decide. But, the major players of the economy, the belief in the market, the possibility that the market will make corrections, and GDP as the holy-grail are common amongst all of these economists.</p> </div>
407 </div> 408 </div> 409 </div> 410 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-516b897" data-id="516b897" data-element_type="column"> 411 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 412 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-969c61f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="969c61f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 413 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 414 <figure class="wp-caption"> 415 <img decoding="async" width="525" height="788" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20525%20788'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/adam-nowakowski-MFms-wkv3Ow-unsplash.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-2444 lazy" alt="man trading on stock markets" data-srcset="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/adam-nowakowski-MFms-wkv3Ow-unsplash.jpg 533w, https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/adam-nowakowski-MFms-wkv3Ow-unsplash-200x300.jpg 200w" data-sizes="100vw" /> <figcaption class="widget-image-caption wp-caption-text">Image: Adam Nowakowski on Unsplash</figcaption> 416 </figure> 417 </div> 418 </div> 419 </div> 420 </div> 421 </div> 422 </section> 423 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-74f9cec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="74f9cec" data-element_type="section"> 424 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 425 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d4b76b" data-id="2d4b76b" data-element_type="column"> 426 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 427 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c3910d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="c3910d0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 428 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 429 <p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;">For many, many years, the Government has talked about poverty, illiteracy, a housing crisis⦠and none of these issues have been resolved. Looking at the child poverty statistics released by StatsNZ, </span><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem; text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://nzchildren.co.nz/">many of the indicators have barely changed since 2007</a>.</span><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;"> This shows the limitations both of the economic instruments being used, and the representation that politicians and economists are using to understand the problem. As we will see, there is more than one way to look at the economy, and the exchange relations that are going on between people each and every day.</span></p><p>The <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://plurality.eco/2023/what-is-the-ecological-problem/">ecological crisis</a></span> is yet another crisis that will almost certainly bring our current economic system to its knees. Based on our collective ability to act in the face of current problems, which seems very limited, it is rational to be worried that we wonât be able to confront this crisis either. If weâve been largely unsuccessful at responding to the social crises of the early 21<sup>st</sup> century, the ones coming up will be even worse, as it becomes harder to produce fruit and vegetables, more and more property is destroyed by climate disasters, and social relations and mental health decline further.</p> </div>
430 </div> 431 </div> 432 </div> 433 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c40c94d" data-id="c40c94d" data-element_type="column"> 434 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 435 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a9640a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="a9640a0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 436 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 437 <figure class="wp-caption"> 438 <img class="lazy" decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201%201'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://thedailyblog.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Screen-Shot-2013-04-19-at-7.37.40-AM.png" title="" alt="" /> <figcaption class="widget-image-caption wp-caption-text">Image: The Daily Blog</figcaption> 439 </figure> 440 </div> 441 </div> 442 </div> 443 </div> 444 </div> 445 </section> 446 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-14de622 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="14de622" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 447 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 448 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0add31" data-id="c0add31" data-element_type="column"> 449 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 450 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-99c0b29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="99c0b29" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 451 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 452 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The four representations</h2> </div> 453 </div> 454 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a3a527f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="a3a527f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 455 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 456 <p>Gilles Raveaud, in his book Les Disputes des Economistes (the Disputes of Economists, 2013), refers to four main representations of the economy. These are:</p><ol><li><strong>
456The market, for liberal economists</strong></li><li><strong>The circuit of money flows, for Keynesian economists</strong></li><li><strong>The place of power struggles, for Marxist economists</strong></li><li><strong>A part of nature, subject to its limits, for ecological economists.</strong></li></ol><p>Each approach points towards a <em>different way of looking at the economy</em>. There are problems with each theory, there are benefits to each theory. But they are just that: theories that attempt to explain the world. The world in which we live constantly changes, so we cannot believe that one model will always be the true representation of reality. Raveaudâs analysis is particularly useful to see the differences between economic theories. The economic representations below synthesise his book.</p> </div> 457 </div> 458 </div> 459 </div> 460 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-41ecf2f" data-id="41ecf2f" data-element_type="column"> 461 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 462 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4a7d2a1 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="4a7d2a1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> 463 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 464 <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> 465 <div class="elementor-icon"> 466 <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-money-bill-alt"></i> </div> 467 </div> 468 </div> 469 </div> 470 </div> 471 </div> 472 </div> 473 </section> 474 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0fa9385 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="0fa9385" data-element_type="section"> 475 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 476 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e3151b" data-id="3e3151b" data-element_type="column"> 477 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 478 </div> 479 </div> 480 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-785c572" data-id="785c572" data-element_type="column"> 481 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 482 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0d36e18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="0d36e18" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 483 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 484 <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">You're reading an article on Plurality.eco, a site dedicated to understanding the ecological crisis. All our articles are free, without advertising. 485To stay up to date with what we publish, enter your email address below.</h4> </div> 486 </div> 487 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-01168ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode" data-id="01168ec" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="shortcode.default"> 488 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 489 <div class="elementor-shortcode">
489<script type="text/javascript"> 490 var gCaptchaSibWidget; 491 var onloadSibCallbackInvisible = function () { 492 493 var element = document.getElementsByClassName('sib-default-btn'); 494 var countInvisible = 0; 495 var indexArray = []; 496 jQuery('.sib-default-btn').each(function (index, el) { 497 if ((jQuery(el).attr('id') == "invisible")) { 498 indexArray[countInvisible] = index; 499 countInvisible++ 500 } 501 }); 502 503 jQuery('.invi-recaptcha').each(function (index, el) { 504 grecaptcha.render(element[indexArray[index]], { 505 'sitekey': jQuery(el).attr('data-sitekey'), 506 'callback': sibVerifyCallback, 507 }); 508 }); 509 }; 510 </script>
vendor: 156 bytes, lines 510-513
510 511 <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=onloadSibCallbackInvisible&render=explicit" async defer></script> 512 513
513<form id="sib_signup_form_2" method="post" class="sib_signup_form"> 514 <div class="sib_loader" style="display:none;"><img 515 class="lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201%201'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/images/spinner.gif" alt="loader"></div> 516 <input type="hidden" name="sib_form_action" value="subscribe_form_submit"> 517 <input type="hidden" name="sib_form_id" value="2"> 518 <input type="hidden" name="sib_form_alert_notice" value="Please fill out this field"> 519 <input type="hidden" name="sib_form_invalid_email_notice" value="Your email address is invalid"> 520 <input type="hidden" name="sib_security" value="773a272a16"> 521 <div class="sib_signup_box_inside_2"> 522 <div style="/*display:none*/" class="sib_msg_disp"> 523 </div> 524 <div id="sib_captcha_invisible" class="invi-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LcghXwkAAAAANu2sQJdSN9o9ZV_X4O0lLfl2ogJ"></div> 525 <p class="sib-email-area"> 526 Enter your email address* 527 <input type="email" class="sib-email-area" name="email" required="required"> 528</p> 529<p> 530<p>Your e-mail address is only used to send you our newsletter. You can unsubscribe at any time. 531</p> 532 <input type="submit" id="invisible" class="sib-default-btn" value="Subscribe"> 533 534</p> 535 </div> 536 </form> 537 <style> 538 form#sib_signup_form_2 { padding: 5px; -moz-box-sizing:border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } form#sib_signup_form_2 input[type=text],form#sib_signup_form_2 input[type=email], form#sib_signup_form_2 select { width: 100%; border: 1px solid #bbb; height: auto; margin: 5px 0 0 0; } form#sib_signup_form_2 .sib-default-btn { margin: 5px 0; padding: 20px 40px; color:#fff; background-color: #007132; border-color: #2E2E2E; font-size: 14px; font-weight:400; line-height: 1.4285; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; vertical-align: middle; align: center; -webkit-user-select:none; -moz-user-select:none; -ms-user-select:none; user-select:none; white-space: normal; border:1px solid transparent; border-radius: 3px; } form#sib_signup_form_2 .sib-default-btn:hover { background-color: #007132; } form#sib_signup_form_2 p{ margin: 10px 0 0 0; }form#sib_signup_form_2 p.sib-alert-message { 539 padding: 6px 12px; 540 margin-bottom: 20px; 541 border: 1px solid transparent; 542 border-radius: 4px; 543 -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; 544 -moz-box-sizing: border-box; 545 box-sizing: border-box; 546} 547form#sib_signup_form_2 p.sib-alert-message-error { 548 background-color: #f2dede; 549 border-color: #ebccd1; 550 color: #a94442; 551} 552form#sib_signup_form_2 p.sib-alert-message-success { 553 background-color: #dff0d8; 554 border-color: #d6e9c6; 555 color: #3c763d; 556} 557form#sib_signup_form_2 p.sib-alert-message-warning { 558 background-color: #fcf8e3; 559 border-color: #faebcc; 560 color: #8a6d3b; 561} 562 </style> 563 </div> 564 </div> 565 </div> 566 </div> 567 </div> 568 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e3fe1f" data-id="9e3fe1f" data-element_type="column"> 569 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 570 </div> 571 </div> 572 </div> 573 </section> 574 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a000e03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a000e03" data-element_type="section"> 575 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 576 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ccb17be" data-id="ccb17be" data-element_type="column"> 577 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 578 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3a241c7 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="3a241c7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> 579 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 580 <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> 581 <div class="elementor-icon"> 582 <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-hand-point-down"></i> </div> 583 </div> 584 </div>
585 </div> 586 </div> 587 </div> 588 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-78c9e6a" data-id="78c9e6a" data-element_type="column"> 589 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 590 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f8b2164 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="f8b2164" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 591 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 592 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Discover the economic representations below.</h2> </div> 593 </div> 594 </div> 595 </div> 596 </div> 597 </section> 598 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2fca3c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2fca3c1" data-element_type="section"> 599 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 600 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d95bfd" data-id="9d95bfd" data-element_type="column"> 601 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 602 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-16712f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-accordion" data-id="16712f2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="eael-adv-accordion.default"> 603 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 604 <div class="eael-adv-accordion" id="eael-adv-accordion-16712f2" data-scroll-on-click="no" data-scroll-speed="300" data-accordion-id="16712f2" data-accordion-type="accordion" data-toogle-speed="300"> 605 <div class="eael-accordion-list"> 606 <div id="liberal-economics" class="elementor-tab-title eael-accordion-header" tabindex="0" data-tab="1" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-2351"><span class="eael-advanced-accordion-icon-closed"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-accordion-icon fas fa-plus"></i></span><span class="eael-advanced-accordion-icon-opened"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-accordion-icon fas fa-minus"></i></span><span class="eael-accordion-tab-title">Liberal Economics</span><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-toggle fas fa-angle-down"></i></div><div id="elementor-tab-content-2351" class="eael-accordion-content clearfix" data-tab="1" aria-labelledby="liberal-economics"><style>.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-45846846:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-45846846 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url("https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/jezael-melgoza-HYQvV8wWX18-unsplash.jpg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-45846846{transition:background 0.3s, border 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-45846846 > .elementor-background-overlay{transition:background 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-34ee7438 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3869abc6 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:100px 0px 171px 30px;}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3869abc6 .elementor-heading-title{font-family:"Dela Gothic One", Sans-serif;font-size:65px;font-weight:600;color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-73ab2481 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-widget-text-editor{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;
606font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap, .elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-default .elementor-drop-cap{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );border-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1ebca7c4 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:30px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-719bab58 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-widget-image .widget-image-caption{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9561b24 .widget-image-caption{font-family:"Montserrat", Sans-serif;font-size:7px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2f0db028 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:30px 0px 0px 0px;}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-73ab2481{width:96.081%;}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6361f95c{width:3.831%;}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-719bab58{width:97.715%;}.elementor-2449 .elementor-element.elementor-element-32b3fa0{width:2.197%;}}</style> <div data-elementor-type="section" data-elementor-id="2449" class="elementor elementor-2449"> 607 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a385ea4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="6a385ea4" data-element_type="section"> 608 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 609 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b54e79f" data-id="3b54e79f" data-element_type="column"> 610 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 611 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-45846846 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="45846846" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 612 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 613 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-34ee7438" data-id="34ee7438" data-element_type="column"> 614 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 615 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3869abc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3869abc6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 616 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 617 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Liberal Economics</h2> </div> 618 </div> 619 </div> 620 </div> 621 </div> 622 </section> 623 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-30bc163f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="30bc163f" data-element_type="section"> 624 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 625 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-73ab2481" data-id="73ab2481" data-element_type="column"> 626 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 627 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1ebca7c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1ebca7c4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 628 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 629 <p>
629For liberal economists, all economic mechanisms such as labour, health, education, and welfare, are viewed as markets. The goal for these liberal economists is to increase competition within these markets, which will drive down prices and increase the quality of the goods and services provided. Government plays a small role, because the markets know how to regulate themselves.</p><p>Â </p><p><strong>Adam Smith</strong>, Scottish economist in the 18<sup>th</sup> century and author of âThe Wealth of Nations,â believed that <strong>wealth was created through exchange</strong>. As individuals, we must sell our labour, in order to be able to buy the things that we need. We do so in a market for labour, just as there are markets for fruit and vegetables, meat, technological devices, and construction services. The market, for Smith, is a place of freedom, creativity, and autonomy for each person, and the market is like the social cement between individuals. Our social agreements are not based on emotions or tribal organisations, but rather on the free exchange of goods, services, and labour.</p> </div> 630 </div> 631 </div> 632 </div> 633 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6361f95c" data-id="6361f95c" data-element_type="column"> 634 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 635 </div> 636 </div> 637 </div> 638 </section> 639 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4119483c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4119483c" data-element_type="section"> 640 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 641 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-719bab58" data-id="719bab58" data-element_type="column"> 642 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 643 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9561b24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="9561b24" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 644 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 645 <figure class="wp-caption"> 646 <img decoding="async" width="525" height="700" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20525%20700'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/juno-jo-Sp67-UQeynY-unsplash.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-2452 lazy" alt="" data-srcset="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/juno-jo-Sp67-UQeynY-unsplash.jpg 600w, https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/juno-jo-Sp67-UQeynY-unsplash-225x300.jpg 225w" data-sizes="100vw" /> <figcaption class="widget-image-caption wp-caption-text">Sweet potato for sale. Image: Juno Jo on Unsplash</figcaption> 647 </figure> 648 </div> 649 </div> 650 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2f0db028 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="2f0db028" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 651 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 652 <p>Markets are regulated, according to the liberal economists, by something called the price mechanism. The price of a particular good, for example one kilo of kumara, is determined through negotiations between buyers and sellers. If the price of kumara is set at $1 per kilo, everyone will want to buy some, and the supermarket will sell out by 11am. All the people in the afternoon will not be able to buy kumara. On the other hand, if kumara is $10 per kilo, there will still be some left at the end of the day, because only a few people wanted to buy it at that price. The seller sets the price, and the consumer responds, and in a movement like this, they find the best price where the greatest number of people can buy kumara at the highest price for the seller.</p><p>Â </p><p>Is this price, established through âfeedbackâ between shoppers and the supermarkets, fair? Liberal economists would say yes. If the market determines that the price should be $7 per kilo, some people will miss out. These people are happy, according to liberal ec
652onomists, because they preferred not to buy kumara â they made the choice not to. Everyone is content, because everyone made the choice of what they would buy, based on how much money they had to spend. But, this price is only fair if all the shoppers are there to negotiate with the kumara growers, which is never the case. Likewise, the shoppers must know about all the other supermarkets selling kumara, too, before making a fair choice. They might be selling it cheaper elsewhere, but we rarely shop around all the stores before deciding what to buy.</p><p>Â </p><p>In good times, this price regulation seems alright: we get lower prices and better quality due to competition; people are all choosing what they want from an open and fair market. However, as we are feeling now with the 2023 cost of living crisis, and have felt for some time, in periods of crisis, people are not happy about the choices they are forced to make. Likewise, good and bad choices become polarised, especially in the case of markets for education and hospitals â some hospitals are labelled âgoodâ, and others, âbadâ or âdangerous.â In times of crisis, it is impossible to find the ideal point where shoppers and suppliers are happy, at the right price.</p> </div> 653 </div> 654 </div> 655 </div> 656 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-32b3fa0" data-id="32b3fa0" data-element_type="column"> 657 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 658 </div> 659 </div> 660 </div> 661 </section> 662 </div> 663 </div> 664 </div> 665 </section> 666 </div> 667 </div> 668 </div><div class="eael-accordion-list"> 669 <div id="keynesian-economics" class="elementor-tab-title eael-accordion-header" tabindex="0" data-tab="2" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-2352"><span class="eael-advanced-accordion-icon-closed"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-accordion-icon fas fa-plus"></i></span><span class="eael-advanced-accordion-icon-opened"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-accordion-icon fas fa-minus"></i></span><span class="eael-accordion-tab-title">Keynesian Economics</span><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-toggle fas fa-angle-down"></i></div><div id="elementor-tab-content-2352" class="eael-accordion-content clearfix" data-tab="2" aria-labelledby="keynesian-economics"><style>.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-77d3d896:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-77d3d896 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Keynes_1933.jpg");background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-77d3d896{transition:background 0.3s, border 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-77d3d896 > .elementor-background-overlay{transition:background 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-bb85228 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5c92e166 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:100px 0px 171px 30px;}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5c92e166 .elementor-heading-title{font-family:"Dela Gothic One", Sans-serif;font-size:65px;font-weight:600;color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3e9524 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-widget-text-editor{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap, .elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-default .elementor-drop-cap{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );border-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5563c9 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:30px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-widget-image .widget-image-caption{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;
669font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f841a0f > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f841a0f .widget-image-caption{font-family:"Montserrat", Sans-serif;font-size:9px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a0cd03f > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-16265ca1 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3e9524{width:97.724%;}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-589a71b3{width:2.188%;}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a0cd03f{width:97.517%;}.elementor-2455 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5b8eba75{width:2.395%;}}</style> <div data-elementor-type="section" data-elementor-id="2455" class="elementor elementor-2455"> 670 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1b08f39c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="1b08f39c" data-element_type="section"> 671 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 672 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b5e498c" data-id="1b5e498c" data-element_type="column"> 673 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 674 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-77d3d896 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="77d3d896" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 675 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 676 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb85228" data-id="bb85228" data-element_type="column"> 677 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 678 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5c92e166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5c92e166" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 679 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 680 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Keynesian Economics</h2> </div> 681 </div> 682 </div> 683 </div> 684 </div> 685 </section> 686 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28d93398 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28d93398" data-element_type="section"> 687 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 688 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e9524" data-id="3e9524" data-element_type="column"> 689 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 690 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5563c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5563c9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 691 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 692 <p><strong>John Maynard Keynes</strong> realised that in times of crisis, the market could not work by itself to sort things out. During the Great Depression of the 1930âs, Keynes challenged the viewpoint which said that people selling their labour (workers) and people buying that labour (entrepreneurs) would end up balancing out such that all those people who wanted a job would have one. Instead, unsold goods and unemployed people are not the exception, but the norm of market economics. <strong>Left to its own devices, the market will self-destruct. Therefore, we need certain powers of direction for the market</strong>, so that it goes in the right direction.</p><p>Â </p><p>Instead of looking at the economy in terms of markets, <strong>Keynes thinks itâs better to look at it like a circuit</strong>. In this circuit, money flows between people all the time. Money has no value of itself, but because we all believe in its value, money holds importance and meaning. When banks lend people money, despite the fact that they might only have $100 in their vault, they can lend around 10 times that much – $1000 â to someone wanting a loan. At no moment in this transaction is money actually used â the loan involves moving numbers from one ledger (that of the bank), to another (that of the borrower). This system works if there arenât too many loans, and if not everyone wants their money at the same time.</p> </div>
693 </div> 694 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f841a0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="6f841a0f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 695 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 696 <figure class="wp-caption"> 697 <img class="lazy" decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201%201'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Economics_circular_flow_cartoon.jpg" title="" alt="" /> <figcaption class="widget-image-caption wp-caption-text">Circular flow diagram. Image: United States Government on Wikicommons.</figcaption> 698 </figure> 699 </div> 700 </div> 701 </div> 702 </div> 703 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-589a71b3" data-id="589a71b3" data-element_type="column"> 704 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 705 </div> 706 </div> 707 </div> 708 </section> 709 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fb10d3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="fb10d3f" data-element_type="section"> 710 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 711 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a0cd03f" data-id="a0cd03f" data-element_type="column"> 712 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 713 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-16265ca1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="16265ca1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 714 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 715 <p>Entrepreneurs are rational people for Keynes, and it is their movement of money which constitutes the greatest activity in the economy. When entrepreneurs reduce their prices, they are able to sell more. But in order to keep lowering their prices, they either have to reduce their wages, or their profit margins. This leads to unemployment, and very easily, a negative spiral can start, where prices reduce, wages reduce, unemployment increases, and the market cannot find a solution.</p><p>Â </p><p>Another actor is needed in order to correct this problem, according to Keynes. These actors take the form of institutions: either the government, or the central bank (the Reserve Bank in New Zealand). The central bank can change the interest rate, which will either increase or decrease spending. When money becomes more expensive, people spend less of it, and vice-versa. But, with this option, we can very easily end up with inflation: when the price of everything increases.</p><p>Â </p><p>On the other hand, the Government can also act by spending money in the economy, in the form of construction projects, welfare payments, health and education, subsidies, and more. This money will then flow through the economy, and enable wages to increase again. However, there are leaks to this circuit of money that Keynes has imagined. Companies can choose to save the money they are given by the Government, instead of spending it. Some consumers will spend this money on goods from other countries, so the money leaves the country and is not seen again. This strategy also increases public debt, the amount of money that the Government has borrowed.</p><p>Â </p><p>During the COVID crisis, these two strategies were used by the Government and the Reserve Bank to manipulate the economy, because the market by itself was not able to regulate itself. The Government spent a lot of money during the crisis, giving it mostly to businesses, so they could stay alive despite not trading. But, this spending led to inflation, as all the prices increased. As a result, the Reserve Bank increased the price of money, the interest rate, which meant that it became more expensive to borrow money, and spending will therefore decrease again. This decrease in spending, otherwise called inflationary pressure, is felt most severely by the lower and middle classes of the economy. It becomes noticeably more expensive to just buy basic goods, especially when wages are not increasing.</p><p>Â </p><p>The problem with Keynesian policies is that they increase public debt, and they very often donât work well unless there is a coordinated approach or strategy at a higher level, because of the leaks in the circuit. What we have seen, however, is that there are power imbalances in the economy which are not able to be addressed by the market, or by Keynesian institutions.</p> </div>
716 </div> 717 </div> 718 </div> 719 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b8eba75" data-id="5b8eba75" data-element_type="column"> 720 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 721 </div> 722 </div> 723 </div> 724 </section> 725 </div> 726 </div> 727 </div> 728 </section> 729 </div> 730 </div> 731 </div><div class="eael-accordion-list"> 732 <div id="marxist-economics" class="elementor-tab-title eael-accordion-header" tabindex="0" data-tab="3" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-2353"><span class="eael-advanced-accordion-icon-closed"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-accordion-icon fas fa-plus"></i></span><span class="eael-advanced-accordion-icon-opened"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-accordion-icon fas fa-minus"></i></span><span class="eael-accordion-tab-title">Marxist Economics</span><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-toggle fas fa-angle-down"></i></div><div id="elementor-tab-content-2353" class="eael-accordion-content clearfix" data-tab="3" aria-labelledby="marxist-economics"><style>.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Karl_Marx_001.jpg");background-position:0px -83px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;}.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620{transition:background 0.3s, border 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;}.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620 > .elementor-background-overlay{transition:background 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;}.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-67d8432 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3690e0af > .elementor-widget-container{margin:100px 0px 171px 30px;}.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3690e0af .elementor-heading-title{font-family:"Dela Gothic One", Sans-serif;font-size:65px;font-weight:600;color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-46fcfa78 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-widget-text-editor{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap, .elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-default .elementor-drop-cap{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );border-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4ab76fbd > .elementor-widget-container{margin:30px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-widget-image .widget-image-caption{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ce4c673 .widget-image-caption{font-family:"Montserrat", Sans-serif;font-size:10px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2edd5f6 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1e732d65 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-position:0px 0px;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620:not
732(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-2459 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-position:0px 0px;}}</style> <div data-elementor-type="section" data-elementor-id="2459" class="elementor elementor-2459"> 733 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39b9a670 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="39b9a670" data-element_type="section"> 734 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 735 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ea1b11b" data-id="3ea1b11b" data-element_type="column"> 736 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 737 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-278eb620 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="278eb620" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 738 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 739 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-67d8432" data-id="67d8432" data-element_type="column"> 740 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 741 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3690e0af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3690e0af" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 742 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 743 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Marxist Economics</h2> </div> 744 </div> 745 </div> 746 </div> 747 </div> 748 </section> 749 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-15570e9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="15570e9d" data-element_type="section"> 750 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 751 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-46fcfa78" data-id="46fcfa78" data-element_type="column"> 752 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 753 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4ab76fbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="4ab76fbd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 754 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 755 <p>When the buyers and sellers have decided on a price for kumara, some people will miss out because the price is too high. Liberal economists justify this, saying that these people, on low incomes, are happy with not having any kumara, because they decided not to buy any. <strong>Karl Marx</strong>, a major thinker in 19<sup>th</sup> century political economy, and analyst of capitalism, argued that liberal ec
755onomists are just justifying the impoverishment of low-income earners. Marx was a key thinker in the development of socialism, and what we know today as workerâs parties such as the Labour Party.</p><p>Â </p><p>According the Marx, <strong>the economy is the place where power struggles play out</strong>. In the capitalist economy, a limited number of people own the means of production, which are the factories, office blocks, machines, agricultural land, etc. The rest of the population are workers who are forced to sell their labour to these few, in order to live their lives. Because there are always unemployed people on the labour market, wages very often do not increase: if a worker wants to be paid more, the company can fire them, and instead hire another person who is willing to be paid less. Wages are therefore fixed by the market, and not in terms of the value produced by a particular employee in their work.</p> </div> 756 </div> 757 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ce4c673 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="ce4c673" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 758 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 759 <figure class="wp-caption"> 760 <img decoding="async" width="525" height="788" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20525%20788'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/manny-becerra-GTPK-Wt1qoY-unsplash.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-2461 lazy" alt="Union protester" data-srcset="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/manny-becerra-GTPK-Wt1qoY-unsplash.jpg 533w, https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/manny-becerra-GTPK-Wt1qoY-unsplash-200x300.jpg 200w" data-sizes="100vw" /> <figcaption class="widget-image-caption wp-caption-text">Image: Manny Becerra on Unsplash</figcaption> 761 </figure> 762 </div> 763 </div> 764 </div> 765 </div> 766 </div> 767 </section> 768 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2567f636 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2567f636" data-element_type="section"> 769 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 770 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2edd5f6" data-id="2edd5f6" data-element_type="column"> 771 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 772 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1e732d65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1e732d65" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 773 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 774 <p>The capitalist, the one who owns the means of production, buys the right to use the labour of a worker for a whole day, by paying them a wage. This work therefore belongs to the capitalist, and not to the person who did the work. For example, someone working as a data analyst does not own any of the data analysis that they do. This person spends their entire day producing things that will not belong to them. In this way, <strong>workers are exploited</strong>, because they are not able to obtain the value created by the work that they do. Instead, the company sells the data analysis and pockets the profits, for example.</p><p>Â </p><p>Marx disagrees with Adam Smith, who we read about before. Smith believed that wealth was created through exchange, but <strong>Marx believed that it is violence that creates wealth</strong>. The domination of one person or resource by another is what leads to this person becoming rich. For example, it was through stealing land, slavery, and the expropriation of villagers that the British Empire was able to amass power and wealth in the 18<sup>th</sup> and 19<sup>th</sup> centuries.</p><p>Â </p><p>The global economy is, according to this analysis, not to everyoneâs advantage. What ends up happening is that some people control a lot of the machines, land and buildings necessary to produce goods and services, and these people are concentrated in wealthy countries like the United States. Multi-national companies like Apple, Toyota, Nestle, etc. capture most of the value added, and the workers, often in Asia, of these companies, see almost nothing of what the company rakes in when they sell their goods. The market is, for Marx, hierarchical and a place of domination, and not a place of freedom and expression as Smith believed.</p><p>Â </p><p>
774For liberal economists, freedom is about being able to possess, to exchange, and to sell things. Democracy is therefore about being free to do these things in the market, without much intervention by a government or external actor. However, in a capitalist regime motivated by profits, socialists argue that there will be too many cars, robots, televisions and soft drinks, and not enough social housing, schools and hospitals. These public goods, such as health and education, need to be provided by the Government, so that all citizens are assured a quality education and healthcare regime, no matter their position or actions within the market.</p><p>Â </p><p>In the early 21<sup>st</sup> century, many previously state-owned services were sold off to private buyers, with the idea that increased competition would improve the quality of services provided. However, this was often to the detriment to the employees of these companies, as well as services often being cut, reduced, or unreliable, such as what happened with the rail network in the United Kingdom. Sometimes, the private market suppliers collude â they make an agreement to keep prices high â and this is in their interests, rather than in the interests of the people consuming the service. This has been shown to be the case with electricity markets in Europe, with petrol markets, and more.</p><p>Â </p><p>Today however, the market for goods and services is not the largest or most dominant economic market. That would be the financial market. In the 1970âs, the financial markets were opened, and currency exchanges were no longer made at fixed rates. Buying, selling, and lending on the financial markets increased dramatically. Whereas previously, paying people a salary meant that you were guaranteeing that they could buy your goods, now, this is no longer the case. Wages are a cost, rather than a guarantee of consumption, and therefore, they must be reduced as much as possible. The money that is used to buy things and to invest, in large part comes from these financial markets, and not from the sale of goods and services.</p><p>Â </p><p>In the end, according to Marx, the exploitation of workers is what will cause the demise of capitalism. This is because the only way to make profits is through taking the added value of the work that employees perform. <strong>Value is created through labour, and exploiting this labour for the benefit of the few at the expense of the many</strong>. At a certain point, however, these workers can no longer buy the goods and services that they are busy producing, because they no longer have enough money for them: most of it is concentrated at the top. Capitalists can do nothing about this: they are forced, by competition, to keep making a profit, by reducing the prices and selling more, or by reducing the costs of production (the price of labour, the wages). This leads to overproduction, and so food and other goods are wasted and destroyed because they are not sold. People go hungry and starve, yet companies are overproducing the things they need to survive.</p><p>Â </p><p>This situation, to Marx, is completely absurd. He believed, therefore, that capitalism is a very inefficient economic system, and should be replaced by something else, or strongly domesticated. If Smith believed in no intervention in the economy, and Keynes believed in some intervention, Marx believed in a lot of intervention, or just removing the whole system. Smithâs economy based on free association between people is criticised by Marx, instead believing that the economy is based on relationships of domination between people. Both economists believed that economic growth is a good thing, however.</p> </div> 775 </div> 776 </div> 777 </div> 778 </div> 779 </section> 780 </div> 781 </div> 782 </div> 783 </section> 784 </div> 785 </div> 786 </div><div class="eael-accordion-list"> 787 <div id="environmental-economics" class="elementor-tab-title eael-accordion-header" tabindex="0" data-tab="4" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-2354"><span class="eael-advanced-accordion-icon-closed"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-accordion-icon fas fa-plus"></i></span><span class="eael-advanced-accordion-icon-opened"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-accordion-icon fas fa-minus"></i></span><span class="eael-accordion-tab-title">Environmental Economics</span><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa-toggle fas fa-angle-down"></i></div><div id="elementor-tab-content-2354" class="eael-accordion-content clearfix" data-tab="4" aria-labelledby="environmental-economics"><style>.elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620:not
787(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url("https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/PHO04172-3.jpg");background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;}.elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620{transition:background 0.3s, border 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;}.elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-278eb620 > .elementor-background-overlay{transition:background 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;}.elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-67d8432 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3690e0af > .elementor-widget-container{margin:100px 0px 171px 30px;}.elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-3690e0af .elementor-heading-title{font-family:"Dela Gothic One", Sans-serif;font-size:65px;font-weight:600;color:#FFFFFF;}.elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-46fcfa78 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-widget-text-editor{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap, .elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-default .elementor-drop-cap{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );border-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4ab76fbd > .elementor-widget-container{margin:30px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-widget-image .widget-image-caption{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ce4c673 .widget-image-caption{font-family:"Montserrat", Sans-serif;font-size:10px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-2edd5f6 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;}.elementor-2464 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1e732d65 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;}</style> <div data-elementor-type="section" data-elementor-id="2464" class="elementor elementor-2464"> 788 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39b9a670 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="39b9a670" data-element_type="section"> 789 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 790 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ea1b11b" data-id="3ea1b11b" data-element_type="column"> 791 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 792 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-278eb620 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="278eb620" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 793 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 794 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-67d8432" data-id="67d8432" data-element_type="column"> 795 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 796 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3690e0af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3690e0af" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 797 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 798 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Environmental Economics</h2> </div>
799 </div> 800 </div> 801 </div> 802 </div> 803 </section> 804 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-15570e9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="15570e9d" data-element_type="section"> 805 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 806 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-46fcfa78" data-id="46fcfa78" data-element_type="column"> 807 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 808 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4ab76fbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="4ab76fbd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 809 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 810 <p>However, as industrial economies began to produce more and more waste, and it became evident that human beings were having a strongly negative impact on their environment, the dogma of economic growth began to be brought into question. <strong>Karl Polyani</strong> was an environmental economist, and author of âThe Great Transformation.â He saw <strong>
810the economy as a system of work embedded within nature and our environment.</strong> Polyani was against the idea that the economy should be organised or thought of in terms of markets and exchange relations. The idea that a market could regulate itself, and that prices would be established fairly by the market, was ludicrous.</p><p>Â </p><p>The result of this market thinking is that all spheres of human life have been absorbed by market economics, replacing relationships of care and solidarity by the exchange of money for services offered. The exchange relation is the most risky and unstable, according to Polyani, because there is no underlying principle guiding behaviour. Each person is therefore pushed to fight for their own self, and becomes egotistical and self-interested.</p> </div> 811 </div> 812 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ce4c673 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="ce4c673" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 813 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 814 <figure class="wp-caption"> 815 <img decoding="async" width="525" height="792" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20525%20792'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/shane-rounce-DNkoNXQti3c-unsplash.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-2466 lazy" alt="" data-srcset="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/shane-rounce-DNkoNXQti3c-unsplash.jpg 530w, https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/shane-rounce-DNkoNXQti3c-unsplash-199x300.jpg 199w" data-sizes="100vw" /> <figcaption class="widget-image-caption wp-caption-text">Image: Shane Rounce on Unsplash</figcaption> 816 </figure> 817 </div> 818 </div> 819 </div> 820 </div> 821 </div> 822 </section> 823 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2567f636 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2567f636" data-element_type="section"> 824 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 825 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2edd5f6" data-id="2edd5f6" data-element_type="column"> 826 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 827 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1e732d65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1e732d65" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 828 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 829 <p>For Polyani, labour, land, and money are not goods that can be commodified and bought and sold in a market. Labour is just the work of human beings, land is that upon which human societies exist, and money is a creation of the central bank. None of these things were created to be sold in a market: they are the very fabric of the economy itself. Whereas Marx believed that the power struggle between the capitalists and the workers was the source of the problem and its solution, Polyani believes that it will be the<strong> recognition of the needs of the society and its relationships that will bring an end to the domination by exchange relations.</strong></p><p>Â </p><p>Exchange relations are not the only way of organising a society, according to Polyani. We also have relations based on reciprocity, and on redistribution. Reciprocity considers the other as equal to oneself, and therefore seeks to give in equal terms for what is taken. Redistribution requires a central authority which will take the resources from some people, and give them to others, so that each person is considered equal. Market-based relations treat human beings as instruments, as a means to obtain what one wants, rather than having a value in themselves. The solution, therefore, is to restrict or reduce the exchange relations that we have in our lives.</p><p>Â </p><p>The dogma of economic growth is another aspect of economic thinking which Polyani strongly criticises. Whilst strong economic growth led to huge gains in the standard of living for many Western countries, this growth also created major social and environmental problems. These include pollution, reduction in working conditions, people becoming more individualised and an increase in violence, the production of useless and quickly obsolete goods, advertising everywhere, without limits, and more. Economic growth is measured in terms of the increase in GDP, the gross domestic product, which is the sum of the value of all the goods and services produced in a country within a certain time period. However, this measure doesnât take into account the social and volunteer work that produces value, nor does it account for the environmental impacts of economic activity. GDP also isnât able to measure inequalities in a society, yet takes into account âbadâ activities â GDP increases when more people are buying paracetamol, whether they really need this or not. It is therefore severely limited in what it can measure. Using a very limited measure of value as the single most important determinant of the âhealthâ of the economy, is, therefore, quite restrictive.</p><p>Â </p><p>
829Despite this, most economists today, liberal economists, are searching for continuous economic growth, believing that this will lead to better lives for all people. In fact, GDP increases produce greater satisfaction up to a point, at which happiness no longer increases in the same way, despite increasing GDP. The United Nationâs <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://worldhappiness.report/">World Happiness Report</a></span> demonstrates this. You can read more about how happiness is challenging GDP as a measure of health in <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://theconversation.com/how-happiness-is-challenging-gdp-as-the-measure-of-a-countrys-health-56465">this article on The Conversation.</a></span></p><p>Â </p><p>Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen, a 20<sup>th</sup> century economist and mathematician, believed that economic value was not created through markets or exchange, or even through labour, <strong>but through the natural resources which are taken and transformed</strong>. The current economic system takes natural resources with value, and spits out waste, with no value. Using the laws of thermodynamics, Georgescu-Rogen explains how humanity, and the economy as the transformation of natural resources, cannot continue to grow infinitely. Endless economic growth is not possible, with the materials and resources we have on earth. He points out that it is as if human beings decided to have a brief but exciting existence on planet Earth: each car we produce means fewer human lives will be possible in the future.</p><p>Â </p><p>There is another type of economy which environmental economists propose. One part of this involves âde-growth,â which is the idea that we must shrink the economic action occurring in the economy, or at least, no longer care about the idea of growth. Tim Jackson is a British economist who promotes this idea. Another pillar is a kind of âGreen New Dealâ which proposes government investment in renovating and insulating housing, converting fossil fuel electricity to renewables, developing public transport, sustainable agriculture, and more.</p><p>Â </p><p>Finally, growing the social economy, or social enterprise, is another part of the solutions these economists propose. This means more people will have jobs that are meaningful, in which the value that they produce goes directly to people who need it, and each person in the value creation chain is valued equally. <strong>This social economy is not founded on the principle of competition, rather it is based on cooperation between self-organised individuals. </strong></p> </div> 830 </div> 831 </div> 832 </div> 833 </div> 834 </section> 835 </div> 836 </div> 837 </div> 838 </section> 839 </div> 840 </div> 841 </div></div> </div> 842 </div> 843 </div> 844 </div> 845 </div> 846 </section> 847 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a22b74b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a22b74b" data-element_type="section"> 848 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 849 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5155b31" data-id="5155b31" data-element_type="column"> 850 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 851 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8b2e74f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="8b2e74f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 852 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 853 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Explaining crisis</h2> </div> 854 </div> 855 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-827afcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="827afcb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 856 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 857 <p>To review these theories, letâs think briefly about what they say about how crises come about.</p><p>According to <strong>
857liberal economists,</strong> intervention in the market is what causes problems. This is what ACT and National have been telling us for some time: the Government itself is the problem, itâs intervening where it should not which is causing problems.</p><p>The <strong>Keynesians and Marxists</strong> would say that this is not the case. In fact, the market economy is essentially unstable. Marxists want to control, regulate, or abolish financial markets, to solve these problems. Keynesians point towards making investments in the society to correct this instability. Â </p><p>The <strong>environmental economists</strong> point to the instability and unsustainability of the current model of extraction and economic growth. It is this that causes crises: increases in the price of necessities such as petrol, food and housing make it more difficult for people to live. These increases are written into the code of the current economic order, and are therefore inevitable. Like the Marxists, we must change our economic system if we are to solve the problem.</p> </div> 858 </div> 859 </div> 860 </div> 861 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b5aebd7" data-id="b5aebd7" data-element_type="column"> 862 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 863 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cd79a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="cd79a9f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 864 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 865 <figure class="wp-caption"> 866 <img decoding="async" width="525" height="350" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20525%20350'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/towfiqu-barbhuiya-3aGZ7a97qwA-unsplash.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-2445 lazy" alt="" data-srcset="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/towfiqu-barbhuiya-3aGZ7a97qwA-unsplash.jpg 800w, https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/towfiqu-barbhuiya-3aGZ7a97qwA-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/towfiqu-barbhuiya-3aGZ7a97qwA-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w" data-sizes="100vw" /> <figcaption class="widget-image-caption wp-caption-text">Image: Towfiqu barbhuiya on Unsplash</figcaption> 867 </figure> 868 </div> 869 </div> 870 </div> 871 </div> 872 </div> 873 </section> 874 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-333b44a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="333b44a" data-element_type="section"> 875 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 876 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ac128ad" data-id="ac128ad" data-element_type="column"> 877 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 878 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f703b0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="f703b0d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 879 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 880 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">To conclude...</h2> </div> 881 </div> 882 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a8beb7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="a8beb7e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 883 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 884 <p>Environmental economics is a field of study which is not widely accepted yet. Concepts like degrowth and a Green New Deal are not mainstream ideas, but remain with a few thinkers and economists, mostly in Europe and the United States.</p><p>
884New Zealand economists consist almost entirely of liberal economists, who believe that markets can and should run themselves. Neoliberal thinking is that which accepts some role of the state in providing certain services, and in arranging conditions of competition such that the market can operate. With this lack of economic diversity, it is easy to fall into the trap of these economists, and believe that the only solutions are the ones that they propose. Economics is not a science, but the use of human-generated representations in order to explain economic activity in societies.</p><p>As we have seen, there are other alternatives. There is also an enormous possibility to develop an environmental economics which rests upon principles from Tikanga MÄori. The so-called âMÄori economyâ currently refers to economic activity carried out by MÄori organisations, but if more MÄori decided to become economists, and to develop their own representation of the flow of money and resources in the country, they could very easily develop their own economic theory.</p> </div> 885 </div> 886 </div> 887 </div> 888 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-91025f9" data-id="91025f9" data-element_type="column"> 889 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 890 </div> 891 </div> 892 </div> 893 </section> 894 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-29d2ca4 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="29d2ca4" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 895 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 896 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fe976b5" data-id="fe976b5" data-element_type="column"> 897 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 898 </div> 899 </div> 900 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-670dd5d" data-id="670dd5d" data-element_type="column"> 901 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 902 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-52bcd50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="52bcd50" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 903 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 904 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Economic perspectives overview</h2> </div> 905 </div> 906 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e69099f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="e69099f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 907 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 908 <table><tbody><tr><td width="120">Â </td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Liberal Economics</strong></span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Keynesian Economics</strong></span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Marxist Economics</strong></span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Environmental Economics</strong></span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Main theorist</strong></span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Adam Smith</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">John Maynard Keynes</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Karl Marx</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Karl Polyani, Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>What is the economy?</strong></span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">The markets for goods and services</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">A circuit where money flows</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">The place of power struggles</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Human activity embedded in nature</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>What produces value?</strong></span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Exchanges of goods and services in the market</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">The flow of money through the circuit</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Violence â domination/ exploitation of workers</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Natural resources â land, plants, animals</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Key problem to solve</strong></span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Interventions which stop the market from self-regulating</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">The flows of money are not well distributed</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Workers are dominated by capitalists and do not earn the value they produce</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Market relations have commodified everything, and infinite growth is not possible</span></p></td></tr><tr><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;"><strong>Solution</strong></span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Make sure markets function by increasing competition and removing barriers</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Intervene in the market with economic instruments â interest rate and govt spending</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Abolish capitalism and allow workers to own means of production and receive value of their work</span></p></td><td width="120"><p><span style="color: #ffffff;">Develop the social economy, reinstate redistributive and reciprocal relations, degrowth, fix environmental problems and waste</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table> </div>
909 </div> 910 </div> 911 </div> 912 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9ad574" data-id="a9ad574" data-element_type="column"> 913 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 914 </div> 915 </div> 916 </div> 917 </section> 918 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7d179b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7d179b" data-element_type="section"> 919 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 920 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ead05f5" data-id="ead05f5" data-element_type="column"> 921 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 922 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-72b97e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="72b97e7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> 923 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 924 <div class="elementor-spacer"> 925 <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> 926 </div> 927 </div> 928 </div> 929 </div> 930 </div> 931 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1fd7e7" data-id="a1fd7e7" data-element_type="column"> 932 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 933 </div> 934 </div> 935 </div> 936 </section> 937 </div> 938 </div> 939 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ed3781" data-id="8ed3781" data-element_type="column"> 940 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 941 </div> 942 </div> 943 </div> 944 </section> 945 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c7f756 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="9c7f756" data-element_type="section"> 946 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 947 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-09f2e31" data-id="09f2e31" data-element_type="column"> 948 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 949 </div> 950 </div> 951 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-44128ba" data-id="44128ba" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 952 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 953 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6a07a44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6a07a44" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 954 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 955 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Sharing knowledge is also a great gift. <br>Let others know about this article </h2> </div> 956 </div> 957 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0c6b8e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode" data-id="0c6b8e4" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"_animation":"none"}" data-widget_type="shortcode.default"> 958 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 959 <div class="elementor-shortcode"><div class="heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing" data-heateor-ss-offset="0" data-heateor-sss-href='https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/'><div class="heateor_sss_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="heateor_sss_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fplurality.eco%2F2023%2F4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy%2F" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:35px;height:35px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewB
959ox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#fff" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Twitter" class="heateor_sss_button_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=4%20ways%20to%20think%20about%20the%20economy&url=https%3A%2F%2Fplurality.eco%2F2023%2F4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy%2F" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg heateor_sss_s__default heateor_sss_s_twitter" style="background-color:#55acee;width:35px;height:35px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 39 39"><path d="M28 8.557a9.913 9.913 0 0 1-2.828.775 4.93 4.93 0 0 0 2.166-2.725 9.738 9.738 0 0 1-3.13 1.194 4.92 4.92 0 0 0-3.593-1.55 4.924 4.924 0 0 0-4.794 6.049c-4.09-.21-7.72-2.17-10.15-5.15a4.942 4.942 0 0 0-.665 2.477c0 1.71.87 3.214 2.19 4.1a4.968 4.968 0 0 1-2.23-.616v.06c0 2.39 1.7 4.38 3.952 4.83-.414.115-.85.174-1.297.174-.318 0-.626-.03-.928-.086a4.935 4.935 0 0 0 4.6 3.42 9.893 9.893 0 0 1-6.114 2.107c-.398 0-.79-.023-1.175-.068a13.953 13.953 0 0 0 7.55 2.213c9.056 0 14.01-7.507 14.01-14.013 0-.213-.005-.426-.015-.637.96-.695 1.795-1.56 2.455-2.55z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="heateor_sss_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fplurality.eco%2F2023%2F4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy%2F" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg heateor_sss_s__default heateor_sss_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:35px;height:35px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="heateor_sss_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=4%20ways%20to%20think%20about%20the%20economy%20https%3A%2F%2Fplurality.eco%2F2023%2F4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy%2F" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:35px;height:35px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="heateor_sss_svg_stroke heateor_sss_no_fill" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="heateor_sss_no_fill heateor_sss_svg_stroke" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#fff"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Email" class="heateor_sss_email" href="https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/" onclick="event.preventDefault();window.open('mailto:?subject=' + decodeURIComponent('4%20ways%20to%20think%20about%20the%20economy').replace('&', '%26') + '&body=https%3A%2F%2Fplurality.eco%2F2023%2F4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy%2F', '_blank')" title="Email" rel="noopener" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg" style="background-color:#649a3f;width:35px;height:35px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewB
959ox="-.75 -.5 36 36"><path d="M 5.5 11 h 23 v 1 l -11 6 l -11 -6 v -1 m 0 2 l 11 6 l 11 -6 v 11 h -22 v -11" stroke-width="1" fill="#fff"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Telegram" class="heateor_sss_button_telegram" href="https://telegram.me/share/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fplurality.eco%2F2023%2F4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy%2F&text=4%20ways%20to%20think%20about%20the%20economy" title="Telegram" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg heateor_sss_s__default heateor_sss_s_telegram" style="background-color:#3da5f1;width:35px;height:35px;border-radius:999px;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;border-radius:999px;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#fff" d="M25.515 6.896L6.027 14.41c-1.33.534-1.322 1.276-.243 1.606l5 1.56 1.72 5.66c.226.625.115.873.77.873.506 0 .73-.235 1.012-.51l2.43-2.363 5.056 3.734c.93.514 1.602.25 1.834-.863l3.32-15.638c.338-1.363-.52-1.98-1.41-1.577z"></path></svg></span></a></div><div class="heateorSssClear"></div></div></div> 960 </div> 961 </div> 962 </div> 963 </div> 964 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ae6bbd" data-id="8ae6bbd" data-element_type="column"> 965 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 966 </div> 967 </div> 968 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-55260ba" data-id="55260ba" data-element_type="column"> 969 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 970 </div> 971 </div> 972 </div> 973 </section> 974 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50b2ad67 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="50b2ad67" data-element_type="section"> 975 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 976 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc77465" data-id="cc77465" data-element_type="column"> 977 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 978 </div> 979 </div> 980 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ad15958" data-id="6ad15958" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 981 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 982 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1bbf1337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="1bbf1337" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 983 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 984 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">It took more than 30 hours of research and writing to produce this article, which will always be open and free for everyone to read, without any advertising.</h2> </div> 985 </div> 986 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-24e2f7d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="24e2f7d2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 987 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 988 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">All our articles are freely accessible because we believe that everyone needs to be able to access to a source of coherent and easy to understand information on the ecological crisis. This challenge that confronts us all will only be properly addressed when we understand what the problems are and where they come from. <br><br>If you've learned something today, please consider donating, to help us produce more great articles and share this knowledge with a wider audience. </h2> </div> 989 </div> 990 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-449590ca elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="449590ca" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> 991 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 992 <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> 993 <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md" href="https://plurality.raisely.com"> 994 <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> 995 <span class="elementor-button-text">donate</span> 996 </span> 997 </a> 998 </div> 999 </div>
1000 </div> 1001 </div> 1002 </div> 1003 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-609ad27a" data-id="609ad27a" data-element_type="column"> 1004 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 1005 </div> 1006 </div> 1007 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50900292" data-id="50900292" data-element_type="column"> 1008 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 1009 </div> 1010 </div> 1011 </div> 1012 </section> 1013 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d28e4f7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="d28e4f7" data-element_type="section"> 1014 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1015 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a76217" data-id="7a76217" data-element_type="column"> 1016 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 1017 </div> 1018 </div> 1019 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-442cffd" data-id="442cffd" data-element_type="column"> 1020 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1021 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-76c636a elementor-widget elementor-widget-tfposts-comment" data-id="76c636a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="tfposts-comment.default"> 1022 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1023 <div id="tf-post-comment-76c636a" class="tf-post-comment" data-tabid="76c636a"> 1024 <div class="wpdiscuz_top_clearing"></div> 1025 <div id='comments' class='comments-area'><div id='respond' style='width: 0;height: 0;clear: both;margin: 0;padding: 0;'></div> <div id="wpdcom" class="wpdiscuz_unauth wpd-default wpd-layout-1 wpd-comments-open"> 1026 <div class="wc_social_plugin_wrapper"> 1027 </div> 1028 <div class="wpd-form-wrap"> 1029 <div class="wpd-form-head"> 1030 <div class="wpd-auth"> 1031 <div class="wpd-login"> 1032 </div> 1033 </div> 1034 </div> 1035 <div 1036 class="wpd-form wpd-form-wrapper wpd-main-form-wrapper" id='wpd-main-form-wrapper-0_0'> 1037 <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" data-uploading="false" class="wpd_comm_form wpd_main_comm_form" > 1038 <div class="wpd-field-comment"> 1039 <div class="wpdiscuz-item wc-field-textarea"> 1040 <div class="wpdiscuz-textarea-wrap wpd-txt"> 1041 <div class="wpd-avatar"> 1042 <img alt='guest' src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2056%2056'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a0d3cfa2dcfcf0f0988073dcd760d001ea57a6eb83fd799867a0de8c895f975?s=56&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a0d3cfa2dcfcf0f0988073dcd760d001ea57a6eb83fd799867a0de8c895f975?s=112&d=mm&r=g 2x" class='avatar avatar-56 photo lazy' height='56' width='56' /> </div> 1043 <div class="wpd-textarea-wrap"> 1044 <div id="wpd-editor-char-counter-0_0" 1045 class="wpd-editor-char-counter"></div> 1046 <label style="display: none;" for="wc-textarea-0_0">Label</label> 1047 <textarea 1048 id="wc-textarea-0_0" placeholder="Leave a comment here. Please do so with respect" 1049 aria-label="Leave a comment here. Please do so with respect" name="wc_comment" 1050 class="wc_comment wpd-field"></textarea> 1051 </div> 1052 <div class="wpd-editor-buttons-right"> 1053 </div> 1054 </div> 1055 </div> 1056 </div> 1057 <div class="wpd-form-foot" style='display:none;'> 1058 <div class="wpdiscuz-textarea-foot"> 1059 <div class="wpdiscuz-button-actions"></div> 1060 </div> 1061 <div class="wpd-form-row"> 1062 <div class="wpd-form-col-left"> 1063 <div class="wpdiscuz-item wc_name-wrapper wpd-has-icon"> 1064 <div class="wpd-field-icon"><i 1065 class="fas fa-user"></i> 1066 </div> 1067 <input id="wc_name-0_0" value="" required='required' aria-required='true' class="wc_name wpd-field" type="text" 1068 name="wc_name" 1069 placeholder="Nom*" 1070 maxlength="50" pattern='.{3,50}' title=""> 1071 <label for="wc_name-0_0" 1072 class="wpdlb">Name*</label> 1073 </div> 1074 <div class="wpdiscuz-item wc_email-wrapper wpd-has-icon"> 1075 <div class="wpd-field-icon"><i 1076 class="fas fa-at"></i> 1077 </div> 1078 <input id="wc_email-0_0" value="" class="wc_email wpd-field" type="email" 1079 name="wc_email" 1080 placeholder="Email"/> 1081 <label for="wc_email-0_0" 1082 class="wpdlb">Email</label> 1083 </div> 1084 </div> 1085 <div class="wpd-form-col-right"> 1086 <div class="wpd-field-captcha wpdiscuz-item"> 1087 <div class="wpdiscuz-recaptcha" id='wpdiscuz-recaptcha-0_0'></div> 1088 <input id='wpdiscuz-recaptcha-field-0_0' type='hidden' name='wc_captcha' 1089 value="" required="required" aria-required='true' class="wpdiscuz_reset"/> 1090 <div class="clearfix"></div> 1091 </div> 1092 <div class="wc-field-submit"> 1093 <label class="wpd_label" 1094 wpd-tooltip="Notify of new replies to this comment"> 1095 <input id="wc_notification_new_comment-0_0" 1096 class="wc_notification_new_comment-0_0 wpd_label__checkbox" 1097 value="comment" type="checkbox" 1098 name="wpdiscuz_notification_type" />
1099 <span class="wpd_label__text"> 1100 <span class="wpd_label__check"> 1101 <i class="fas fa-bell wpdicon wpdicon-on"></i> 1102 <i class="fas fa-bell-slash wpdicon wpdicon-off"></i> 1103 </span> 1104 </span> 1105 </label> 1106 <input id="wpd-field-submit-0_0" 1107 class="wc_comm_submit wpd_not_clicked wpd-prim-button" type="submit" 1108 name="submit" value="Post Comment" 1109 aria-label="Post Comment"/> 1110 </div> 1111 </div> 1112 <div class="clearfix"></div> 1113 </div> 1114 </div> 1115 <input type="hidden" class="wpdiscuz_unique_id" value="0_0" 1116 name="wpdiscuz_unique_id"> 1117 </form> 1118 </div> 1119 <div id="wpdiscuz_hidden_secondary_form" style="display: none;"> 1120 <div 1121 class="wpd-form wpd-form-wrapper wpd-secondary-form-wrapper" id='wpd-secondary-form-wrapper-wpdiscuzuniqueid' style='display: none;'> 1122 <div class="wpd-secondary-forms-social-content"></div> 1123 <div class="clearfix"></div> 1124 <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" data-uploading="false" class="wpd_comm_form wpd-secondary-form-wrapper" > 1125 <div class="wpd-field-comment"> 1126 <div class="wpdiscuz-item wc-field-textarea"> 1127 <div class="wpdiscuz-textarea-wrap wpd-txt"> 1128 <div class="wpd-avatar"> 1129 <img alt='guest' src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2056%2056'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55626a891909534bd61e1f67da126d4cc9918eca2b562b48ba1e8506a8b8404c?s=56&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55626a891909534bd61e1f67da126d4cc9918eca2b562b48ba1e8506a8b8404c?s=112&d=mm&r=g 2x" class='avatar avatar-56 photo lazy' height='56' width='56' /> </div> 1130 <div class="wpd-textarea-wrap"> 1131 <div id="wpd-editor-char-counter-wpdiscuzuniqueid" 1132 class="wpd-editor-char-counter"></div> 1133 <label style="display: none;" for="wc-textarea-wpdiscuzuniqueid">Label</label> 1134 <textarea 1135 id="wc-textarea-wpdiscuzuniqueid" placeholder="Join the discussion" 1136 aria-label="Join the discussion" name="wc_comment" 1137 class="wc_comment wpd-field"></textarea> 1138 </div> 1139 <div class="wpd-editor-buttons-right"> 1140 </div> 1141 </div> 1142 </div> 1143 </div> 1144 <div class="wpd-form-foot" style='display:none;'> 1145 <div class="wpdiscuz-textarea-foot"> 1146 <div class="wpdiscuz-button-actions"></div> 1147 </div> 1148 <div class="wpd-form-row"> 1149 <div class="wpd-form-col-left"> 1150 <div class="wpdiscuz-item wc_name-wrapper wpd-has-icon"> 1151 <div class="wpd-field-icon"><i 1152 class="fas fa-user"></i> 1153 </div> 1154 <input id="wc_name-wpdiscuzuniqueid" value="" required='required' aria-required='true' class="wc_name wpd-field" type="text" 1155 name="wc_name" 1156 placeholder="Nom*" 1157 maxlength="50" pattern='.{3,50}' title=""> 1158 <label for="wc_name-wpdiscuzuniqueid" 1159 class="wpdlb">Name*</label> 1160 </div> 1161 <div class="wpdiscuz-item wc_email-wrapper wpd-has-icon"> 1162 <div class="wpd-field-icon"><i 1163 class="fas fa-at"></i> 1164 </div> 1165 <input id="wc_email-wpdiscuzuniqueid" value="" class="wc_email wpd-field" type="email" 1166 name="wc_email" 1167 placeholder="Email"/> 1168 <label for="wc_email-wpdiscuzuniqueid" 1169 class="wpdlb">Email</label> 1170 </div> 1171 </div> 1172 <div class="wpd-form-col-right"> 1173 <div class="wpd-field-captcha wpdiscuz-item"> 1174 <div class="wpdiscuz-recaptcha" id='wpdiscuz-recaptcha-wpdiscuzuniqueid'></div> 1175 <input id='wpdiscuz-recaptcha-field-wpdiscuzuniqueid' type='hidden' name='wc_captcha' 1176 value="" required="required" aria-required='true' class="wpdiscuz_reset"/> 1177 <div class="clearfix"></div> 1178 </div> 1179 <div class="wc-field-submit"> 1180 <label class="wpd_label" 1181 wpd-tooltip="Notify of new replies to this comment"> 1182 <input id="wc_notification_new_comment-wpdiscuzuniqueid" 1183 class="wc_notification_new_comment-wpdiscuzuniqueid wpd_label__checkbox" 1184 value="comment" type="checkbox" 1185 name="wpdiscuz_notification_type" />
1186 <span class="wpd_label__text"> 1187 <span class="wpd_label__check"> 1188 <i class="fas fa-bell wpdicon wpdicon-on"></i> 1189 <i class="fas fa-bell-slash wpdicon wpdicon-off"></i> 1190 </span> 1191 </span> 1192 </label> 1193 <input id="wpd-field-submit-wpdiscuzuniqueid" 1194 class="wc_comm_submit wpd_not_clicked wpd-prim-button" type="submit" 1195 name="submit" value="Post Comment" 1196 aria-label="Post Comment"/> 1197 </div> 1198 </div> 1199 <div class="clearfix"></div> 1200 </div> 1201 </div> 1202 <input type="hidden" class="wpdiscuz_unique_id" value="wpdiscuzuniqueid" 1203 name="wpdiscuz_unique_id"> 1204 </form> 1205 </div> 1206 </div> 1207 </div> 1208 <div id="wpd-threads" class="wpd-thread-wrapper"> 1209 <div class="wpd-thread-head"> 1210 <div class="wpd-thread-info " 1211 data-comments-count="0"> 1212 <span class='wpdtc' title='0'>0</span> Comments </div> 1213 <div class="wpd-space"></div> 1214 <div class="wpd-thread-filter"> 1215 </div> 1216 </div> 1217 <div class="wpd-comment-info-bar"> 1218 <div class="wpd-current-view"><i 1219 class="fas fa-quote-left"></i> Inline Feedbacks </div> 1220 <div class="wpd-filter-view-all">View all comments</div> 1221 </div> 1222 <div class="wpd-thread-list"> 1223 <div class="wpdiscuz-comment-pagination" style='display:none;'> 1224 <div class="wpd-load-more-submit-wrap"> 1225 <button name="submit" data-lastparentid="0" 1226 class="wpd-load-more-submit wpd-loaded wpd-prim-button"> 1227 Load more comments </button> 1228 </div> 1229 <span id="wpdiscuzHasMoreComments" data-is_show_load_more="
12290"></span> 1230 </div> 1231 </div> 1232 </div> 1233 </div> 1234 </div> 1235 <div id="wpdiscuz-loading-bar" 1236 class="wpdiscuz-loading-bar-unauth"></div> 1237 <div id="wpdiscuz-comment-message" 1238 class="wpdiscuz-comment-message-unauth"></div> 1239 1240 </div> </div> 1241 </div> 1242 </div> 1243 </div> 1244 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48bc052" data-id="48bc052" data-element_type="column"> 1245 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 1246 </div> 1247 </div> 1248 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39f4591" data-id="39f4591" data-element_type="column"> 1249 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 1250 </div> 1251 </div> 1252 </div> 1253 </section> 1254 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1798ad7d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="1798ad7d" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 1255 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1256 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-14498463" data-id="14498463" data-element_type="column"> 1257 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 1258 </div> 1259 </div> 1260 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-13b8f007" data-id="13b8f007" data-element_type="column"> 1261 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1262 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2b716e3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="2b716e3f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1263 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1264 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why plurality.eco?</h2> </div> 1265 </div> 1266 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1c798196 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1c798196" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 1267 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1268 <p>Our environment is more than a resource to be exploited. Human beings are not the ‘masters of nature,’ and cannot think they are managers of everything around them. Plurality is about finding a wealth of ideas to help us cope with the ecological crisis which we have to confront now, and in the coming decades. We all need to understand what is at stake, and create new ways of being in the world, new dreams for ourselves, that recognise this uncertain future.</p> </div> 1269 </div> 1270 </div> 1271 </div> 1272 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36d143ed" data-id="36d143ed" data-element_type="column"> 1273 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1274 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2209c888 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="2209c888" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1275 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1276 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Our network</h2> </div> 1277 </div> 1278 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2109e5f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="2109e5f4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 1279 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1280 <a href="https://espieglerie.co"> 1281 <img class="lazy" decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201%201'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/elementor/thumbs/LEspieÌglerie_LOGO_TAGLINE_300ppiWHITE-q2r3jtn46l7kd016h5cenpk6hojt3a7203tas8311c.png" title="LâEspieÌglerie_LOGO_TAGLINE_300ppiWHITE" alt="Espieglerie logo" /> </a> 1282 </div>
1283 </div> 1284 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-429a5ce3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="429a5ce3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1285 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1286 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">On social media</h2> </div> 1287 </div> 1288 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4543a20a e-grid-align-left elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons" data-id="4543a20a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="social-icons.default"> 1289 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1290 <div class="elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid" role="list"> 1291 <span class="elementor-grid-item" role="listitem"> 1292 <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-898522c" href="https://instagram.com/plurality.eco/" target="_blank"> 1293 <span class="elementor-screen-only">Instagram</span> 1294 <i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-instagram"></i> </a> 1295 </span> 1296 <span class="elementor-grid-item" role="listitem"> 1297 <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-3ca4b32" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/plurality-eco/" target="_blank"> 1298 <span class="elementor-screen-only">Linkedin</span> 1299 <i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-linkedin"></i> </a> 1300 </span> 1301 <span class="elementor-grid-item" role="listitem"> 1302 <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-e1e2113" href="https://www.facebook.com/plurality.eco" target="_blank"> 1303 <span class="elementor-screen-only">Facebook</span> 1304 <i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-facebook"></i> </a> 1305 </span> 1306 </div> 1307 </div> 1308 </div> 1309 </div> 1310 </div> 1311 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a9a008" data-id="3a9a008" data-element_type="column"> 1312 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 1313 </div> 1314 </div> 1315 </div> 1316 </section> 1317 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-15da7b60 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="15da7b60" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 1318 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1319 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-397aa9ad" data-id="397aa9ad" data-element_type="column"> 1320 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 1321 </div> 1322 </div> 1323 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39c00a8d" data-id="39c00a8d" data-element_type="column"> 1324 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 1325 </div> 1326 </div> 1327 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b44ed60" data-id="7b44ed60" data-element_type="column"> 1328 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1329 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-25bb1aa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="25bb1aa1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1330 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1331 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">We're part of the .eco network of organisations committed to support positive change for the planet. </h2> </div> 1332 </div> 1333 </div> 1334 </div> 1335 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ffa52d0" data-id="1ffa52d0" data-element_type="column"> 1336 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1337 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2b77fc4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html" data-id="2b77fc4a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="html.default"> 1338 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1339 <a href="https://profiles.eco/plurality?ref=tm" rel="noopener"> 1340 <img decoding="async" class="eco-trustmark lazy" alt=".eco profile for plurality.eco" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201%201'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://trust.profiles.eco/plurality/eco-circle.svg?color=%23007132" style="max-width:4rem"> 1341</a> </div>
1342 </div> 1343 </div> 1344 </div> 1345 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1012510d" data-id="1012510d" data-element_type="column"> 1346 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 1347 </div> 1348 </div> 1349 </div> 1350 </section> 1351 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-14495cf9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="14495cf9" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 1352 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1353 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a752af1" data-id="4a752af1" data-element_type="column"> 1354 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1355 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-42c6ad98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="42c6ad98" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> 1356 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1357 Copyright © Plurality.eco 2023 </div> 1358 </div> 1359 </div> 1360 </div> 1361 </div> 1362 </section> 1363 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e8cc67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2e8cc67" data-element_type="section"> 1364 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1365 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50bc819" data-id="50bc819" data-element_type="column"> 1366 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> 1367 </div> 1368 </div> 1369 </div> 1370 </section> 1371 </div> 1372 <template id="tp-language" data-tp-language="fr_FR"></template> 1373<div id="um_upload_single" style="display:none;"></div> 1374 1375<div id="um_view_photo" style="display:none;"> 1376 <a href="javascript:void(0);" data-action="um_remove_modal" class="um-modal-close" aria-label="Fermer la fenêtre modale de lâimage"> 1377 <i class="um-faicon-times"></i> 1378 </a> 1379 1380 <div class="um-modal-body photo"> 1381 <div class="um-modal-photo"></div> 1382 </div> 1383</div>
1384<script type="speculationrules"> 1385{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]} 1386</script>
1386 1387 <div id="trp-floater-ls" onclick="" data-no-translation class="trp-language-switcher-container trp-floater-ls-codes trp-bottom-right trp-color-dark short-names" > 1388 <div id="trp-floater-ls-current-language" class=""> 1389 1390 <a href="#" class="trp-floater-ls-disabled-language trp-ls-disabled-language" onclick="event.preventDefault()"> 1391 FR </a> 1392 1393 </div> 1394 <div id="trp-floater-ls-language-list" class="" > 1395 1396 <div class="trp-language-wrap trp-language-wrap-bottom"> <a href="https://plurality.eco/en/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/" 1397 title="English (New Zealand)"> 1398 EN </a> 1399 <a href="#" class="trp-floater-ls-disabled-language trp-ls-disabled-language" onclick="event.preventDefault()">FR</a></div> </div> 1400 </div> 1401 1402 1403<!-- Consent Management powered by Complianz | GDPR/CCPA Cookie Consent https://wordpress.org/plugins/complianz-gdpr --> 1404<div id="cmplz-cookiebanner-container"><div class="cmplz-cookiebanner cmplz-hidden banner-1 bottom-right-view-preferences optin cmplz-bottom-right cmplz-categories-type-view-preferences" aria-modal="true" data-nosnippet="true" role="dialog" aria-live="polite" aria-labelledby="cmplz-header-1-optin" aria-describedby="cmplz-message-1-optin"> 1405 <div class="cmplz-header"> 1406 <div class="cmplz-logo"></div> 1407 <div class="cmplz-title" id="cmplz-header-1-optin">Manage Cookie Consent</div> 1408 <div class="cmplz-close" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Fermer la boîte de dialogue"> 1409 <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="times" class="svg-inline--fa fa-times fa-w-11" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 352 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M242.72 256l100.07-100.07c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48l-22.24-22.24c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L176 189.28 75.93 89.21c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L9.21 111.45c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48L109.28 256 9.21 356.07c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48l22.24 22.24c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0L176 322.72l100.07 100.07c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0l22.24-22.24c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48L242.72 256z"></path></svg> 1410 </div> 1411 </div> 1412 1413 <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-divider-header"></div> 1414 <div class="cmplz-body"> 1415 <div class="cmplz-message" id="cmplz-message-1-optin">To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions.</div> 1416 <!-- categories start --> 1417 <div class="cmplz-categories"> 1418 <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-functional" > 1419 <summary> 1420 <span class="cmplz-category-header"> 1421 <span class="cmplz-category-title">Functional</span> 1422 <span class='cmplz-always-active'> 1423 <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> 1424 <input type="checkbox" 1425 id="cmplz-functional-optin" 1426 data-category="cmplz_functional" 1427 class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-functional" 1428 size="40" 1429 value="1"/> 1430 <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-functional-optin"><span class="screen-reader-text">Functional</span></label> 1431 </span> 1432 Toujours activé </span> 1433 <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> 1434 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> 1435 </span> 1436 </span> 1437 </summary> 1438 <div class="cmplz-description"> 1439 <span class="cmplz-description-functional">The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.</span> 1440 </div> 1441 </details> 1442 1443 <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-preferences" > 1444 <summary> 1445 <span class="cmplz-category-header"> 1446 <span class="cmplz-category-title">Preferences</span> 1447 <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> 1448 <input type="checkbox" 1449 id="cmplz-preferences-optin" 1450 data-category="cmplz_preferences" 1451 class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-preferences" 1452 size="40" 1453 value="1"/> 1454 <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-preferences-optin"><span class="screen-reader-text">Preferences</span></label> 1455 </span> 1456 <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> 1457 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" >
1457<path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> 1458 </span> 1459 </span> 1460 </summary> 1461 <div class="cmplz-description"> 1462 <span class="cmplz-description-preferences">The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.</span> 1463 </div> 1464 </details> 1465 1466 <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-statistics" > 1467 <summary> 1468 <span class="cmplz-category-header"> 1469 <span class="cmplz-category-title">Statistics</span> 1470 <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> 1471 <input type="checkbox" 1472 id="cmplz-statistics-optin" 1473 data-category="cmplz_statistics" 1474 class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-statistics" 1475 size="40" 1476 value="1"/> 1477 <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-statistics-optin"><span class="screen-reader-text">Statistics</span></label> 1478 </span> 1479 <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> 1480 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> 1481 </span> 1482 </span> 1483 </summary> 1484 <div class="cmplz-description"> 1485 <span class="cmplz-description-statistics">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes.</span> 1486 <span class="cmplz-description-statistics-anonymous">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.</span> 1487 </div> 1488 </details> 1489 <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-marketing" > 1490 <summary> 1491 <span class="cmplz-category-header"> 1492 <span class="cmplz-category-title">Marketing</span> 1493 <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> 1494 <input type="checkbox" 1495 id="cmplz-marketing-optin" 1496 data-category="cmplz_marketing" 1497 class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-marketing" 1498 size="40" 1499 value="1"/> 1500 <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-marketing-optin"><span class="screen-reader-text">Marketing</span></label> 1501 </span> 1502 <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> 1503 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> 1504 </span> 1505 </span> 1506 </summary> 1507 <div class="cmplz-description"> 1508 <span class="cmplz-description-marketing">The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.</span> 1509 </div> 1510 </details> 1511 </div><!-- categories end --> 1512 </div> 1513 1514 <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-information"> 1515 <ul> 1516 <li><a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-options cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">Gérer les options</a></li> 1517 <li><a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-third-parties cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-cookies-overview">Gérer les services</a></li> 1518 <li><a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-vendors tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-tcf-wrapper">Gérer {vendor_count} fournisseurs</a></li> 1519 <li><a class="cmplz-link cmplz-external cmplz-read-more-purposes tcf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://cookiedatabase.org/tcf/purposes/" aria-label="En savoir plus sur les finalités de TCF de la base de données de cookies">En savoir plus sur ces finalités</a></li> 1520 </ul> 1521 </div> 1522 1523 <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-footer"></div> 1524 1525 <div class="cmplz-buttons"> 1526 <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-accept">Accept</button> 1527 <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-deny">Deny</button> 1528 <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-view-preferences">View preferences</button> 1529 <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-save-preferences">Save preferences</button> 1530 <a class="cmplz-btn cmplz-manage-options tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">View preferences</a> 1531 </div> 1532 1533 1534 <div class="cmplz-documents cmplz-links"> 1535 <ul> 1536 <li><a class="cmplz-link cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a></li> 1537 <li><a class="cmplz-link privacy-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a></li> 1538 <li><a class="cmplz-link impressum" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a></li> 1539 </ul> 1540 </div> 1541</div> 1542</div> 1543 <div id="cmplz-manage-consent" data-nosnippet="true"><button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-hidden cmplz-manage-consent manage-consent-1">
1543Manage consent</button> 1544 1545</div>
1545<script> 1546 const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { 1547 const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); 1548 const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { 1549 entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { 1550 if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { 1551 let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; 1552 if( lazyloadBackground ) { 1553 lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); 1554 } 1555 lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); 1556 } 1557 }); 1558 }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); 1559 lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { 1560 lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); 1561 } ); 1562 }; 1563 const events = [ 1564 'DOMContentLoaded', 1565 'elementor/lazyload/observe', 1566 ]; 1567 events.forEach( ( event ) => { 1568 document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); 1569 } ); 1570 </script>
1570 1571 <div id='wpd-editor-source-code-wrapper-bg'></div><div id='wpd-editor-source-code-wrapper'><textarea id='wpd-editor-source-code'></textarea><button id='wpd-insert-source-code'>Insert</button><input type='hidden' id='wpd-editor-uid' /></div><link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-2449-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-2449.css?ver=1769114986' media='all' /> 1572<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-2455-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-2455.css?ver=1769114987' media='all' /> 1573<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-2459-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-2459.css?ver=1769114987' media='all' /> 1574<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-2464-css' href='https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-2464.css?ver=1769114987' media='all' />
1575<script id="tf-swiper-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/themesflat-addons-for-elementor/assets/js/swiper.min.js?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1575
1575
1576<script id="tf-anime-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/themesflat-addons-for-elementor/assets/js/anime.min.js?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1576
1576
1577<script id="textanimation-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/themesflat-addons-for-elementor/assets/js/textanimation.js?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1577
1577
1578<script id="ultp-youtube-gallery-block-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-post/assets/js/ultp-youtube-gallery-block.js?ver=5.0.5"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1578
1578
1579<script id="edd-ajax-js-extra"> 1580var edd_scripts = {"ajaxurl":"https://plurality.eco/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","position_in_cart":"","has_purchase_links":"0","already_in_cart_message":"Vous avez d\u00e9j\u00e0 ajout\u00e9 cet article \u00e0 votre panier.","empty_cart_message":"Votre panier est vide","loading":"Chargement en cours","select_option":"Veuillez s\u00e9lectionner une option","is_checkout":"0","default_gateway":"","redirect_to_checkout":"0","checkout_page":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/","permalinks":"1","quantities_enabled":"","taxes_enabled":"0","current_page":"2440"}; 1581//# sourceURL=edd-ajax-js-extra 1582</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1582
1582
1583<script id="edd-ajax-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/easy-digital-downloads/assets/build/js/frontend/edd-ajax.js?ver=3.6.4"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1583
1583
1584<script id="eael-general-js-extra"> 1585var localize = {"ajaxurl":"https://plurality.eco/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"82abf77a00","i18n":{"added":"Added ","compare":"Compare","loading":"Loading..."},"eael_translate_text":{"required_text":"is a required field","invalid_text":"Invalid","billing_text":"Billing","shipping_text":"Shipping","fg_mfp_counter_text":"of"},"page_permalink":"https://plurality.eco/2023/4-ways-to-think-about-the-economy/","cart_redirectition":"","cart_page_url":"","el_breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Portrait mobile","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Paysage","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablette en mode portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablette en mode paysage","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Portable","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"\u00c9cran large","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}}; 1586//# sourceURL=eael-general-js-extra 1587</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1587
1587
1588<script id="eael-general-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/assets/front-end/js/view/general.min.js?ver=6.5.8"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1588
1588
1589<script id="eael-2440-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/essential-addons-elementor/eael-2440.js?ver=1702594965"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1589
1589
1590<script id="elementor-webpack-runtime-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/webpack.runtime.min.js?ver=3.34.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1590
1590
1591<script id="elementor-frontend-modules-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend-modules.min.js?ver=3.34.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1591
1591
1592<script id="jquery-ui-core-js-before"> 1593jQuery.uiBackCompat = true; 1594//# sourceURL=jquery-ui-core-js-before 1595</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1595
1595
1596<script id="jquery-ui-core-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.14.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1596
1596
1597<script id="elementor-frontend-js-extra"> 1598var EAELImageMaskingConfig = {"svg_dir_url":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/assets/front-end/img/image-masking/svg-shapes/"}; 1599//# sourceURL=elementor-frontend-js-extra 1600</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1600
1600
1601<script id="elementor-frontend-js-before"> 1602var elementorFrontendConfig = {"environmentMode":{"edit":false,"wpPreview":false,"isScriptDebug":false},"i18n":{"shareOnFacebook":"Partager sur Facebook","shareOnTwitter":"Partager sur Twitter","pinIt":"L\u2019\u00e9pingler","download":"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger","downloadImage":"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger une image","fullscreen":"Plein \u00e9cran","zoom":"Zoom","share":"Partager","playVideo":"Lire la vid\u00e9o","previous":"Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent","next":"Suivant","close":"Fermer","a11yCarouselPrevSlideMessage":"Diapositive pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente","a11yCarouselNextSlideMessage":"Diapositive suivante","a11yCarouselFirstSlideMessage":"Ceci est la premi\u00e8re diapositive","a11yCarouselLastSlideMessage":"Ceci est la derni\u00e8re diapositive","a11yCarouselPaginationBulletMessage":"Aller \u00e0 la diapositive"},"is_rtl":false,"breakpoints":{"xs":0,"sm":480,"md":768,"lg":1025,"xl":1440,"xxl":1600},"responsive":{"breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Portrait mobile","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Paysage","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablette en mode portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablette en mode paysage","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Portable","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"\u00c9cran large","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}},"hasCustomBreakpoints":false},"version":"3.34.2","is_static":false,"experimentalFeatures":{"additional_custom_breakpoints":true,"home_screen":true,"global_classes_should_enforce_capabilities":true,"e_variables":true,"cloud-library":true,"e_opt_in_v4_page":true,"e_interactions":true,"e_editor_one":true,"import-export-customization":true},"urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","uploadUrl":"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads"},"nonces":{"floatingButtonsClickTracking":"37303957d9"},"swiperClass":"swiper","settings":{"page":[],"editorPreferences":[]},"kit":{"active_breakpoints":["viewport_mobile","viewport_tablet"],"global_image_lightbox":"yes","lightbox_enable_counter":"yes","lightbox_enable_fullscreen":"yes","lightbox_enable_zoom":"yes","lightbox_enable_share":"yes","lightbox_title_src":"title","lightbox_description_src":"description"},"post":{"id":2440,"title":"4%20ways%20to%20think%20about%20the%20economy%20-%20Plurality","excerpt":"How do our representations of the economy influence the way we view and try to solve the problems of our societies? There are alternatives to dominant neoliberal economics, and we explore some of them here.","featuredImage":"https:\/\/plurality.eco\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/jezael-melgoza-HYQvV8wWX18-unsplash.jpg"}}; 1603//# sourceURL=elementor-frontend-js-before 1604</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1604
1604
1605<script id="elementor-frontend-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=3.34.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1605
1605
1606<script id="hfe-frontend-js-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/header-footer-elementor/inc/js/frontend.js?ver=2.8.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1606
1606
1607<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer id="jquery-scrollto-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/assets/js/jquery.scrollTo.js?ver=2.1.3"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1607
1607
1608<script async data-wp-strategy="async" fetchpriority="low" id="comment-reply-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1608
1608
1609<script id="heateor_sss_sharing_js-js-before"> 1610function heateorSssLoadEvent(e) {var t=window.onload;if (typeof window.onload!="function") {window.onload=e}else{window.onload=function() {t();e()}}}; var heateorSssSharingAjaxUrl = 'https://plurality.eco/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php', heateorSssCloseIconPath = 'https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/../images/close.png', heateorSssPluginIconPath = 'https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/../images/logo.png', heateorSssHorizontalSharingCountEnable = 0, heateorSssVerticalSharingCountEnable = 0, heateorSssSharingOffset = -10; var heateorSssMobileStickySharingEnabled = 0;var heateorSssCopyLinkMessage = "Lien copié.";var heateorSssUrlCountFetched = [], heateorSssSharesText = 'Partages', heateorSssShareText = 'Partage';function heateorSssPopup(e) {window.open(e,"popUpWindow","height=400,width=600,left=400,top=100,resizable,scrollbars,toolbar=0,personalbar=0,menubar=no,location=no,directories=no,status")} 1611//# sourceURL=heateor_sss_sharing_js-js-before 1612</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1612
1612
1613<script id="heateor_sss_sharing_js-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/js/sassy-social-share-public.js?ver=3.3.79"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1613
1613
1614<script id="wpdiscuz-combo-js-js-extra"> 1615var wpdiscuzAjaxObj = {"wc_hide_replies_text":"Hide Replies","wc_show_replies_text":"View Replies","wc_msg_required_fields":"Please fill out required fields","wc_invalid_field":"Some of field value is invalid","wc_error_empty_text":"please fill out this field to comment","wc_error_url_text":"url is invalid","wc_error_email_text":"email address is invalid","wc_invalid_captcha":"Invalid Captcha Code","wc_login_to_vote":"You Must Be Logged In To Vote","wc_deny_voting_from_same_ip":"You are not allowed to vote for this comment","wc_self_vote":"You cannot vote for your comment","wc_vote_only_one_time":"You've already voted for this comment","wc_voting_error":"Voting Error","wc_banned_user":"You are banned","wc_rate_limit_exceeded":"Too many requests. Please slow down.","wc_comment_edit_not_possible":"Sorry, this comment is no longer possible to edit","wc_comment_not_updated":"Sorry, the comment was not updated","wc_comment_not_edited":"You've not made any changes","wc_msg_input_min_length":"Input is too short","wc_msg_input_max_length":"Input is too long","wc_spoiler_title":"Spoiler Title","wc_cannot_rate_again":"You cannot rate again","wc_not_allowed_to_rate":"You're not allowed to rate here","wc_confirm_rate_edit":"Are you sure you want to edit your rate?","wc_follow_user":"Follow this user","wc_unfollow_user":"Unfollow this user","wc_follow_success":"You started following this comment author","wc_follow_canceled":"You stopped following this comment author.","wc_follow_email_confirm":"Please check your email and confirm the user following request.","wc_follow_email_confirm_fail":"Sorry, we couldn't send confirmation email.","wc_follow_login_to_follow":"Please login to follow users.","wc_follow_impossible":"We are sorry, but you can't follow this user.","wc_follow_not_added":"Following failed. Please try again later.","is_user_logged_in":"","commentListLoadType":"0","commentListUpdateType":"0","commentListUpdateTimer":"60","liveUpdateGuests":"0","wordpressThreadCommentsDepth":"5","wordpressIsPaginate":"","commentTextMaxLength":"0","replyTextMaxLength":"0","commentTextMinLength":"1","replyTextMinLength":"1","storeCommenterData":null,"socialLoginAgreementCheckbox":"0","enableFbLogin":"0","fbUseOAuth2":"0","enableFbShare":"0","facebookAppID":"","facebookUseOAuth2":"0","enableGoogleLogin":"0","googleClientID":"","googleClientSecret":"","cookiehash":"bbf26a9e2e6aa3a50c577049ea3de0e6","isLoadOnlyParentComments":"1","scrollToComment":"1","commentFormView":"collapsed","enableDropAnimation":"0","isNativeAjaxEnabled":"1","userInteractionCheck":"1","enableBubble":"0","bubbleLiveUpdate":"0","bubbleHintTimeout":"45","bubbleHintHideTimeout":"10","cookieHideBubbleHint":"wpdiscuz_hide_bubble_hint","bubbleHintShowOnce":"1","bubbleHintCookieExpires":"7","bubbleShowNewCommentMessage":"0","bubbleLocation":"content_left","firstLoadWithAjax":"2","wc_copied_to_clipboard":"Copied to clipboard!","inlineFeedbackAttractionType":"disable","loadRichEditor":"0","wpDiscuzReCaptchaSK":"6Le6C3sjAAAAANAEslGU-kk47dkEIN_FTDKNE6A-","wpDiscuzReCaptchaTheme":"light","wpDiscuzReCaptchaVersion":"2.0","wc_captcha_show_for_guest":"1","wc_captcha_show_for_members":"1","wpDiscuzIsShowOnSubscribeForm":"0","wmuEnabled":"0","wmuInput":"wmu_files","wmuMaxFileCount":"1","wmuMaxFileSize":"2097152","wmuPostMaxSize":"134217728","wmuIsLightbox":"0","wmuMimeTypes":[],"wmuPhraseConfirmDelete":"Are you sure you want to delete this attachment?","wmuPhraseNotAllowedFile":"Not allowed file type","wmuPhraseMaxFileCount":"Maximum number of uploaded files is 1","wmuPhraseMaxFileSize":"Maximum upload file size is 2MB","wmuPhrasePostMaxSize":"Maximum post size is 128MB","wmuPhraseDoingUpload":"Uploading in progress! Please wait.","msgEmptyFile":"File is empty. Please upload something more substantial. This error could also be caused by uploads being disabled in your php.ini or by post_max_size being defined as smaller than upload_max_filesize in php.ini.","msgPostIdNotExists":"ID de publication inexistante","msgUploadingNotAllowed":"Sorry, uploading not allowed for this post","msgPermissionDenied":"Vous n\u2019avez pas les droits suffisants pour effectuer cette action","wmuKeyImages":"images","wmuSingleImageWidth":"auto","wmuSingleImageHeight":"200","previewTemplate":"\u003Cdiv class=\"wmu-preview [PREVIEW_TYPE_CLASS]\" title=\"[PREVIEW_TITLE]\" data-wmu-type=\"[PREVIEW_TYPE]\" data-wmu-attachment=\"[PREVIEW_ID]\"\u003E\r\n \u003Cdiv class=\"wmu-preview-remove\"\u003E\r\n \u003Cimg class=\"wmu-preview-img\" src=\"[PREVIEW_ICON]\"\u003E\r\n \u003Cdiv class=\"wmu-file-name\"\u003E[PREVIEW_FILENAME]\u003C/div\u003E\r\n \u003C!-- \u003Cdiv class=\"wmu-delete\"\u003E\u00a0\u003C/div\u003E--\u003E\r\n \u003C/div\u003E\r\n\u003C/div\u003E\r\n","isUserRated":"0","version":"7.6.45","wc_post_id":"2440","isCookiesEnabled":"","loadLastCommentId":"0","dataFilterCallbacks":[],"phraseFilters":[],"scrollSize":"32","url":"https://plurality.eco/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","customAjaxUrl":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/wpdiscuz/utils/ajax/wpdiscuz-ajax.php","bubbleUpdateUrl":"https://plurality.eco/wp-json/wpdiscuz/v1/update","restNonce":"8726bbdb3a","is_rate_editable":"0","menu_icon":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/wpdiscuz/assets/img/plugin-icon/wpdiscuz-svg.svg","menu_icon_hover":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/wpdiscuz/assets/img/plugin-icon/wpdiscuz-svg_hover.svg","validateNonceForGuest":"1","is_email_field_required":"0"}; 1616var wpdiscuzUCObj = {"msgConfirmDeleteComment":"Are you sure you want to delete this comment?","msgConfirmCancelSubscription":"Are you sure you want to cancel this subscription?","msgConfirmCancelFollow":"Are you sure you want to cancel this follow?","additionalTab":"0"}; 1617//# sourceURL=wpdiscuz-combo-js-js-extra 1618</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1618
1618
1619<script id="wpdiscuz-combo-js-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/wpdiscuz/assets/js/wpdiscuz-combo-no_quill.min.js?ver=7.6.45"></script>
vendor: 157 bytes, lines 1619-1620
1619 1620<script id="wpdiscuz-google-recaptcha-js" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=onloadCallback&render=explicit&ver=1.0.0"></script>
1621<script id="underscore-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.13.8"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1621
1621
1622<script id="wp-util-js-extra"> 1623var _wpUtilSettings = {"ajax":{"url":"/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"}}; 1624//# sourceURL=wp-util-js-extra 1625</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1625
1625
1626<script id="wp-util-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/js/wp-util.min.js?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1626
1626
1627<script id="wp-hooks-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=f0f188028580e8dc1255"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1627
1627
1628<script id="wp-i18n-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=1dfe7db3940c23ea9216"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1628
1628
1629<script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> 1630wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); 1631//# sourceURL=wp-i18n-js-after 1632</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1632
1632
1633<script id="um_tipsy-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/tipsy/tipsy.min.js?ver=1.0.0a"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1633
1633
1634<script id="um_confirm-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/um-confirm/um-confirm.min.js?ver=1.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1634
1634
1635<script id="um_datetime-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/pickadate/picker.min.js?ver=3.6.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1635
1635
1636<script id="um_datetime_date-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/pickadate/picker.date.min.js?ver=3.6.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1636
1636
1637<script id="um_datetime_time-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/pickadate/picker.time.min.js?ver=3.6.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1637
1637
1638<script id="um_datetime_locale-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/pickadate/translations/fr_FR.min.js?ver=3.6.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1638
1638
1639<script id="um_common-js-extra"> 1640var um_common_variables = {"locale":"fr_FR"}; 1641var um_common_variables = {"locale":"fr_FR"}; 1642//# sourceURL=um_common-js-extra 1643</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1643
1643
1644<script id="um_common-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/common.min.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1644
1644
1645<script id="um_crop-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/cropper/cropper.min.js?ver=1.6.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1645
1645
1646<script id="um_frontend_common-js-extra"> 1647var um_frontend_common_variables = []; 1648//# sourceURL=um_frontend_common-js-extra 1649</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1649
1649
1650<script id="um_frontend_common-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/common-frontend.min.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1650
1650
1651<script id="um_modal-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-modal.min.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1651
1651
1652<script id="um_jquery_form-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/jquery-form/jquery-form.min.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1652
1652
1653<script id="um_fileupload-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/fileupload/fileupload.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1653
1653
1654<script id="um_functions-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-functions.min.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1654
1654
1655<script id="um_responsive-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-responsive.min.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1655
1655
1656<script id="um_conditional-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-conditional.min.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1656
1656
1657<script id="select2-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/select2/select2.full.min.js?ver=4.0.13"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1657
1657
1658<script id="um_select2_locale-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/select2/i18n/fr.js?ver=4.0.13"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1658
1658
1659<script id="um_raty-js-translations"> 1660( function( domain, translations ) { 1661 var localeData = translations.locale_data[ domain ] || translations.locale_data.messages; 1662 localeData[""].domain = domain; 1663 wp.i18n.setLocaleData( localeData, domain ); 1664} )( "ultimate-member", {"translation-revision-date":"2026-01-16 08:12:52+0000","generator":"GlotPress\/4.0.3","domain":"messages","locale_data":{"messages":{"":{"domain":"messages","plural-forms":"nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;","lang":"fr"},"Not rated yet!":["Pas encore not\u00e9\u00a0!"],"Cancel this rating!":["Annuler cette note\u00a0!"]}},"comment":{"reference":"assets\/libs\/raty\/um-raty.js"}} ); 1665//# sourceURL=um_raty-js-translations 1666</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1666
1666
1667<script id="um_raty-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/libs/raty/um-raty.min.js?ver=2.6.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1667
1667
1668<script id="um_scripts-js-extra"> 1669var um_scripts = {"max_upload_size":"134217728","nonce":"ba8370b64b"}; 1670//# sourceURL=um_scripts-js-extra 1671</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1671
1671
1672<script id="um_scripts-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-scripts.min.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1672
1672
1673<script id="um_profile-js-translations"> 1674( function( domain, translations ) { 1675 var localeData = translations.locale_data[ domain ] || translations.locale_data.messages; 1676 localeData[""].domain = domain; 1677 wp.i18n.setLocaleData( localeData, domain ); 1678} )( "ultimate-member", {"translation-revision-date":"2026-01-16 08:12:52+0000","generator":"GlotPress\/4.0.3","domain":"messages","locale_data":{"messages":{"":{"domain":"messages","plural-forms":"nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;","lang":"fr"},"Are you sure that you want to delete this user?":["Confirmez-vous vouloir supprimer ce compte\u00a0?"],"Upload a cover photo":["T\u00e9l\u00e9verser une photo de couverture"]}},"comment":{"reference":"assets\/js\/um-profile.js"}} ); 1679//# sourceURL=um_profile-js-translations 1680</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1680
1680
1681<script id="um_profile-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-profile.min.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1681
1681
1682<script id="um_account-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-member/assets/js/um-account.min.js?ver=2.11.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1682
1682
1683<script id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js-extra"> 1684var complianz = {"prefix":"cmplz_","user_banner_id":"1","set_cookies":[],"block_ajax_content":"","banner_version":"20","version":"7.4.4.2","store_consent":"","do_not_track_enabled":"1","consenttype":"optin","region":"eu","geoip":"","dismiss_timeout":"","disable_cookiebanner":"","soft_cookiewall":"","dismiss_on_scroll":"","cookie_expiry":"365","url":"https://plurality.eco/wp-json/complianz/v1/","locale":"lang=fr&locale=fr_FR","set_cookies_on_root":"","cookie_domain":"","current_policy_id":"17","cookie_path":"/","categories":{"statistics":"statistiques","marketing":"marketing"},"tcf_active":"","placeholdertext":"Cliquez pour accepter les cookies {category} et activer ce contenu","css_file":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/uploads/complianz/css/banner-{banner_id}-{type}.css?v=20","page_links":{"eu":{"cookie-statement":{"title":"Cookie Policy ","url":"https://plurality.eco/cookie-policy-eu/"},"privacy-statement":{"title":"D\u00e9claration de confidentialit\u00e9","url":"https://jagadananda.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Plurality.eco-privacy-policy.pdf"}}
1684},"tm_categories":"","forceEnableStats":"","preview":"","clean_cookies":"","aria_label":"Cliquez pour accepter les cookies {category} et activer ce contenu"}; 1685//# sourceURL=cmplz-cookiebanner-js-extra 1686</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1686
1686
1687<script defer id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr/cookiebanner/js/complianz.min.js?ver=1766053730"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1687
1687
1688<script id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js-after"> 1689 if ('undefined' != typeof window.jQuery) { 1690 jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { 1691 $(document).on('elementor/popup/show', () => { 1692 let rev_cats = cmplz_categories.reverse(); 1693 for (let key in rev_cats) { 1694 if (rev_cats.hasOwnProperty(key)) { 1695 let category = cmplz_categories[key]; 1696 if (cmplz_has_consent(category)) { 1697 document.querySelectorAll('[data-category="' + category + '"]').forEach(obj => { 1698 cmplz_remove_placeholder(obj); 1699 }); 1700 } 1701 } 1702 } 1703 1704 let services = cmplz_get_services_on_page(); 1705 for (let key in services) { 1706 if (services.hasOwnProperty(key)) { 1707 let service = services[key].service; 1708 let category = services[key].category; 1709 if (cmplz_has_service_consent(service, category)) { 1710 document.querySelectorAll('[data-service="' + service + '"]').forEach(obj => { 1711 cmplz_remove_placeholder(obj); 1712 }); 1713 } 1714 } 1715 } 1716 }); 1717 }); 1718 } 1719 1720 1721//# sourceURL=cmplz-cookiebanner-js-after 1722</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1722
1722
1723<script id="the_content-hook-script-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/trinity-audio/js/the_content-hook-script.js?ver=cba8ad256c142b4cd64a6bd7f2364100"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1723
1723
1724<script id="the_content-hook-script-js-after"> 1725console.warn('TRINITY_WP', 'Hide player for post ID: 2440, enabled: 0, posthash: 5a4d8b01d751c1e0ba7a6977a24885dca0b8aa28, is no text: ', 'TS: 2026-10-08 14:47:10') 1726//# sourceURL=the_content-hook-script-js-after 1727</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1727
1727
1728<script id="wp-private-apis-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/js/dist/private-apis.min.js?ver=eb85f28c4c729bb4f002"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1728
1728
1729<script id="wp-url-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/js/dist/url.min.js?ver=7b0de086d4ae11d55704"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1729
1729
1730<script id="wp-api-fetch-js-translations"> 1731( function( domain, translations ) { 1732 var localeData = translations.locale_data[ domain ] || translations.locale_data.messages; 1733 localeData[""].domain = domain; 1734 wp.i18n.setLocaleData( localeData, domain ); 1735} )( "default", {"translation-revision-date":"2025-12-10 11:15:06+0000","generator":"GlotPress\/4.0.3","domain":"messages","locale_data":{"messages":{"":{"domain":"messages","plural-forms":"nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;","lang":"fr"},"Could not get a valid response from the server.":["Impossible d\u2019obtenir du serveur une r\u00e9ponse valide."],"Unable to connect. Please check your Internet connection.":["Impossible de se connecter. Veuillez v\u00e9rifier votre connexion Internet."],"Media upload failed. If this is a photo or a large image, please scale it down and try again.":["Le t\u00e9l\u00e9versement du m\u00e9dia a \u00e9chou\u00e9. S\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une photo ou d\u2019une grande image, veuillez la redimensionner puis r\u00e9essayer."],"The response is not a valid JSON response.":["La r\u00e9ponse n\u2019est pas une r\u00e9ponse JSON valide."]}},"comment":{"reference":"wp-includes\/js\/dist\/api-fetch.js"}} ); 1736//# sourceURL=wp-api-fetch-js-translations 1737</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1737
1737
1738<script id="wp-api-fetch-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-includes/js/dist/api-fetch.min.js?ver=6f2a4faeee3c722b1e57"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1738
1738
1739<script id="wp-api-fetch-js-after"> 1740wp.apiFetch.use( wp.apiFetch.createRootURLMiddleware( "https://plurality.eco/wp-json/" ) ); 1741wp.apiFetch.nonceMiddleware = wp.apiFetch.createNonceMiddleware( "8726bbdb3a" ); 1742wp.apiFetch.use( wp.apiFetch.nonceMiddleware ); 1743wp.apiFetch.use( wp.apiFetch.mediaUploadMiddleware ); 1744wp.apiFetch.nonceEndpoint = "https://plurality.eco/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=rest-nonce"; 1745//# sourceURL=wp-api-fetch-js-after 1746</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1746
1746
1747<script id="ultp-script-js-extra"> 1748var ultp_data_frontend = {"url":"https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-post/","active":"","ultpSavedDLMode":"ultplight","ajax":"https://plurality.eco/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","security":"57f8d3b4d1","home_url":"https://plurality.eco","dark_logo":""}; 1749//# sourceURL=ultp-script-js-extra 1750</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1750
1750
1751<script id="ultp-script-js" src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-post/assets/js/ultp.min.js?ver=753"></script>
1751 1752 <!-- This site uses the Google Analytics by MonsterInsights plugin v9.11.1 - Using Analytics tracking - https://www.monsterinsights.com/ --> 1753 <!-- Remarque : MonsterInsights nâest actuellement pas configuré sur ce site. Le propriétaire doit authentifier son compte Google Analytics dans les réglages de MonsterInsights. --> 1754 <!-- No tracking code set --> 1755 <!-- / Google Analytics by MonsterInsights --> 1756 <svg style="position: absolute; width: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden;" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> 1757<defs> 1758<symbol id="icon-behance" viewBox="0 0 37 32"> 1759<path class="path1" d="M33 6.054h-9.125v2.214h9.125v-2.214zM28.5 13.661q-1.607 0-2.607 0.938t-1.107 2.545h7.286q-0.321-3.482-3.571-3.482zM28.786 24.107q1.125 0 2.179-0.571t1.357-1.554h3.946q-1.786 5.482-7.625 5.482-3.821 0-6.080-2.357t-2.259-6.196q0-3.714 2.33-6.17t6.009-2.455q2.464 0 4.295 1.214t2.732 3.196 0.902 4.429q0 0.304-0.036 0.839h-11.75q0 1.982 1.027 3.063t2.973 1.080zM4.946 23.214h5.286q3.661 0 3.661-2.982 0-3.214-3.554-3.214h-5.393v6.196zM4.946 13.625h5.018q1.393 0 2.205-0.652t0.813-2.027q0-2.571-3.393-2.571h-4.643v5.25zM0 4.536h10.607q1.554 0 2.768 0.25t2.259 0.848 1.607 1.723 0.563 2.75q0 3.232-3.071 4.696 2.036 0.571 3.071 2.054t1.036 3.643q0 1.339-0.438 2.438t-1.179 1.848-1.759 1.268-2.161 0.75-2.393 0.232h-10.911v-22.5z"></path> 1760</symbol> 1761<symbol id="icon-deviantart" viewBox="0 0 18 32"> 1762<path class="path1" d="M18.286 5.411l-5.411 10.393 0.429 0.554h4.982v7.411h-9.054l-0.786 0.536-2.536 4.875-0.536 0.536h-5.375v-5.411l5.411-10.411-0.429-0.536h-4.982v-7.411h9.054l0.786-0.536 2.536-4.875 0.536-0.536h5.375v5.411z"></path> 1763</symbol> 1764<symbol id="icon-medium" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> 1765<path class="path1" d="M10.661 7.518v20.946q0 0.446-0.223 0.759t-0.652 0.313q-0.304 0-0.589-0.143l-8.304-4.161q-0.375-0.179-0.634-0.598t-0.259-0.83v-20.357q0-0.357 0.179-0.607t0.518-0.25q0.25 0 0.786 0.268l9.125 4.571q0.054 0.054 0.054 0.089zM11.804 9.321l9.536 15.464-9.536-4.75v-10.714zM32 9.643v18.821q0 0.446-0.25 0.723t-0.679 0.277-0.839-0.232l-7.875-3.929zM31.946 7.5q0 0.054-4.58 7.491t-5.366 8.705l-6.964-11.321 5.786-9.411q0.304-0.5 0.929-0.5 0.25 0 0.464 0.107l9.661 4.821q0.071 0.036 0.071 0.107z"></path> 1766</symbol> 1767<symbol id="icon-slideshare" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> 1768<path class="path1" d="M15.589 13.214q0 1.482-1.134 2.545t-2.723 1.063-2.723-1.063-1.134-2.545q0-1.5 1.134-2.554t2.723-1.054 2.723 1.054 1.134 2.554zM24.554 13.214q0 1.482-1.125 2.545t-2.732 1.063q-1.589 0-2.723-1.063t-1.134-2.545q0-1.5 1.134-2.554t2.723-1.054q1.607 0 2.732 1.054t1.125 2.554zM28.571 16.429v-11.911q0-1.554-0.571-2.205t-1.982-0.652h-19.857q-1.482 0-2.009 0.607t-0.527 2.25v12.018q0.768 0.411 1.58 0.714t1.446 0.5 1.446 0.33 1.268 0.196 1.25 0.071 1.045 0.009 1.009-0.036 0.795-0.036q1.214-0.018 1.696 0.482 0.107 0.107 0.179 0.161 0.464 0.446 1.089 0.911 0.125-1.625 2.107-1.554 0.089 0 0.652 0.027t0.768 0.036 0.813 0.018 0.946-0.018 0.973-0.080 1.089-0.152 1.107-0.241 1.196-0.348 1.205-0.482 1.286-0.616zM31.482 16.339q-2.161 2.661-6.643 4.5 1.5 5.089-0.411 8.304-1.179 2.018-3.268 2.643-1.857 0.571-3.25-0.268-1.536-0.911-1.464-2.929l-0.018-5.821v-0.018q-0.143-0.036-0.438-0.107t-0.42-0.089l-0.018 6.036q0.071 2.036-1.482 2.929-1.411 0.839-3.268 0.268-2.089-0.643-3.25-2.679-1.875-3.214-0.393-8.268-4.482-1.839-6.643-4.5-0.446-0.661-0.071-1.125t1.071 0.018q0.054 0.036 0.196 0.125t0.196 0.143v-12.393q0-1.286 0.839-2.196t2.036-0.911h22.446q1.196 0 2.036 0.911t0.839 2.196v12.393l0.375-0.268q0.696-0.482 1.071-0.018t-0.071 1.125z"></path> 1769</symbol> 1770<symbol id="icon-snapchat-ghost" viewBox="0 0 30 32"> 1771<path class="path1" d="M15.143 2.286q2.393-0.018 4.295 1.223t2.92 3.438q0.482 1.036 0.482 3.196 0 0.839-0.161 3.411 0.25 0.125 0.5 0.125 0.321 0 0.911-0.241t0.911-0.241q0.518 0 1 0.321t0.482 0.821q0 0.571-0.563 0.964t-1.232 0.563-1.232 0.518-0.563 0.848q0 0.268 0.214 0.768 0.661 1.464 1.83 2.679t2.58 1.804q0.5 0.214 1.429 0.411 0.5 0.107 0.5 0.625 0 1.25-3.911 1.839-0.125 0.196-0.196 0.696t-0.25 0.83-0.589 0.33q-0.357 0-1.107-0.116t-1.143-0.116q-0.661 0-1.107 0.089-0.571 0.089-1.125 0.402t-1.036 0.679-1.036 0.723-1.357 0.598-1.768 0.241q-0.929 0-1.723-0.241t-1.339-0.598-1.027-0.723-1.036-0.679-1.107-0.402q-0.464-0.089-1.125-0.089-0.429 0-1.17 0.134t-1.045 0.134q-0.446 0-0.625-0.33t-0.25-0.848-0.196-0.714q-3.911-0.589-3.911-1.839 0-0.518 0.5-0.
1771625 0.929-0.196 1.429-0.411 1.393-0.571 2.58-1.804t1.83-2.679q0.214-0.5 0.214-0.768 0-0.5-0.563-0.848t-1.241-0.527-1.241-0.563-0.563-0.938q0-0.482 0.464-0.813t0.982-0.33q0.268 0 0.857 0.232t0.946 0.232q0.321 0 0.571-0.125-0.161-2.536-0.161-3.393 0-2.179 0.482-3.214 1.143-2.446 3.071-3.536t4.714-1.125z"></path> 1772</symbol> 1773<symbol id="icon-yelp" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1774<path class="path1" d="M13.804 23.554v2.268q-0.018 5.214-0.107 5.446-0.214 0.571-0.911 0.714-0.964 0.161-3.241-0.679t-2.902-1.589q-0.232-0.268-0.304-0.643-0.018-0.214 0.071-0.464 0.071-0.179 0.607-0.839t3.232-3.857q0.018 0 1.071-1.25 0.268-0.339 0.705-0.438t0.884 0.063q0.429 0.179 0.67 0.518t0.223 0.75zM11.143 19.071q-0.054 0.982-0.929 1.25l-2.143 0.696q-4.911 1.571-5.214 1.571-0.625-0.036-0.964-0.643-0.214-0.446-0.304-1.339-0.143-1.357 0.018-2.973t0.536-2.223 1-0.571q0.232 0 3.607 1.375 1.25 0.518 2.054 0.839l1.5 0.607q0.411 0.161 0.634 0.545t0.205 0.866zM25.893 24.375q-0.125 0.964-1.634 2.875t-2.42 2.268q-0.661 0.25-1.125-0.125-0.25-0.179-3.286-5.125l-0.839-1.375q-0.25-0.375-0.205-0.821t0.348-0.821q0.625-0.768 1.482-0.464 0.018 0.018 2.125 0.714 3.625 1.179 4.321 1.42t0.839 0.366q0.5 0.393 0.393 1.089zM13.893 13.089q0.089 1.821-0.964 2.179-1.036 0.304-2.036-1.268l-6.75-10.679q-0.143-0.625 0.339-1.107 0.732-0.768 3.705-1.598t4.009-0.563q0.714 0.179 0.875 0.804 0.054 0.321 0.393 5.455t0.429 6.777zM25.714 15.018q0.054 0.696-0.464 1.054-0.268 0.179-5.875 1.536-1.196 0.268-1.625 0.411l0.018-0.036q-0.411 0.107-0.821-0.071t-0.661-0.571q-0.536-0.839 0-1.554 0.018-0.018 1.339-1.821 2.232-3.054 2.679-3.643t0.607-0.696q0.5-0.339 1.161-0.036 0.857 0.411 2.196 2.384t1.446 2.991v0.054z"></path> 1775</symbol> 1776<symbol id="icon-vine" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1777<path class="path1" d="M26.732 14.768v3.536q-1.804 0.411-3.536 0.411-1.161 2.429-2.955 4.839t-3.241 3.848-2.286 1.902q-1.429 0.804-2.893-0.054-0.5-0.304-1.080-0.777t-1.518-1.491-1.83-2.295-1.92-3.286-1.884-4.357-1.634-5.616-1.259-6.964h5.054q0.464 3.893 1.25 7.116t1.866 5.661 2.17 4.205 2.5 3.482q3.018-3.018 5.125-7.25-2.536-1.286-3.982-3.929t-1.446-5.946q0-3.429 1.857-5.616t5.071-2.188q3.179 0 4.875 1.884t1.696 5.313q0 2.839-1.036 5.107-0.125 0.018-0.348 0.054t-0.821 0.036-1.125-0.107-1.107-0.455-0.902-0.92q0.554-1.839 0.554-3.286 0-1.554-0.518-2.357t-1.411-0.804q-0.946 0-1.518 0.884t-0.571 2.509q0 3.321 1.875 5.241t4.768 1.92q1.107 0 2.161-0.25z"></path> 1778</symbol> 1779<symbol id="icon-vk" viewBox="0 0 35 32"> 1780<path class="path1" d="M34.232 9.286q0.411 1.143-2.679 5.25-0.429 0.571-1.161 1.518-1.393 1.786-1.607 2.339-0.304 0.732 0.25 1.446 0.304 0.375 1.446 1.464h0.018l0.071 0.071q2.518 2.339 3.411 3.946 0.054 0.089 0.116 0.223t0.125 0.473-0.009 0.607-0.446 0.491-1.054 0.223l-4.571 0.071q-0.429 0.089-1-0.089t-0.929-0.393l-0.357-0.214q-0.536-0.375-1.25-1.143t-1.223-1.384-1.089-1.036-1.009-0.277q-0.054 0.018-0.143 0.063t-0.304 0.259-0.384 0.527-0.304 0.929-0.116 1.384q0 0.268-0.063 0.491t-0.134 0.33l-0.071 0.089q-0.321 0.339-0.946 0.393h-2.054q-1.268 0.071-2.607-0.295t-2.348-0.946-1.839-1.179-1.259-1.027l-0.446-0.429q-0.179-0.179-0.491-0.536t-1.277-1.625-1.893-2.696-2.188-3.768-2.33-4.857q-0.107-0.286-0.107-0.482t0.054-0.286l0.071-0.107q0.268-0.339 1.018-0.339l4.893-0.036q0.214 0.036 0.411 0.116t0.286 0.152l0.089 0.054q0.286 0.196 0.429 0.571 0.357 0.893 0.821 1.848t0.732 1.455l0.286 0.518q0.518 1.071 1 1.857t0.866 1.223 0.741 0.688 0.607 0.25 0.482-0.089q0.036-0.018 0.089-0.089t0.214-0.393 0.241-0.839 0.17-1.446 0-2.232q-0.036-0.714-0.161-1.304t-0.25-0.821l-0.107-0.214q-0.446-0.607-1.518-0.768-0.232-0.036 0.089-0.429 0.304-0.339 0.679-0.536 0.946-0.464 4.268-0.429 1.464 0.018 2.411 0.232 0.357 0.089 0.598 0.241t0.366 0.429 0.188 0.571 0.063 0.813-0.018 0.982-0.045 1.259-0.027 1.473q0 0.196-0.018 0.75t-0.009 0.857 0.063 0.723 0.205 0.696 0.402 0.438q0.143 0.036 0.304 0.071t0.464-0.196 0.679-0.616 0.929-1.196 1.214-1.92q1.071-1.857 1.911-4.018 0.071-0.179 0.179-0.313t0.196-0.188l0.071-0.054 0.089-0.045t0.232-0.054 0.357-0.009l5.143-0.036q0.696-0.089 1.143 0.045t0.554 0.295z"></path> 1781</symbol> 1782<symbol id="icon-search" viewBox="0 0 30 32"> 1783<path class="path1" d="M20.571 14.857q0-3.304-2.348-5.652t-5.652-2.348-5.652 2.348-2.348 5.652 2.348 5.652 5.652 2.348 5.652-2.348 2.348-5.652zM29.714 29.714q0 0.929-0.679 1.607t-1.607 0.679q-0.964 0-1.607-0.679l-6.125-6.107q-3.196 2.214-7.125 2.214-2.554 0-4.884-0.991t-4.018-2.679-2.679-4.018-0.991-4.884 0.991-4.884 2.679-4.018 4.018-2.679 4.884-0.991 4.884 0.991 4.018 2.679 2.679 4.018 0.991 4.884q0 3.929-2.214 7.125l6.125 6.125q0.661 0.661 0.661 1.607z"></path> 1784</symbol> 1785<symbol id="icon-envelope-o" viewBox="0 0 32 32">
1786<path class="path1" d="M29.714 26.857v-13.714q-0.571 0.643-1.232 1.179-4.786 3.679-7.607 6.036-0.911 0.768-1.482 1.196t-1.545 0.866-1.83 0.438h-0.036q-0.857 0-1.83-0.438t-1.545-0.866-1.482-1.196q-2.821-2.357-7.607-6.036-0.661-0.536-1.232-1.179v13.714q0 0.232 0.17 0.402t0.402 0.17h26.286q0.232 0 0.402-0.17t0.17-0.402zM29.714 8.089v-0.438t-0.009-0.232-0.054-0.223-0.098-0.161-0.161-0.134-0.25-0.045h-26.286q-0.232 0-0.402 0.17t-0.17 0.402q0 3 2.625 5.071 3.446 2.714 7.161 5.661 0.107 0.089 0.625 0.527t0.821 0.67 0.795 0.563 0.902 0.491 0.768 0.161h0.036q0.357 0 0.768-0.161t0.902-0.491 0.795-0.563 0.821-0.67 0.625-0.527q3.714-2.946 7.161-5.661 0.964-0.768 1.795-2.063t0.83-2.348zM32 7.429v19.429q0 1.179-0.839 2.018t-2.018 0.839h-26.286q-1.179 0-2.018-0.839t-0.839-2.018v-19.429q0-1.179 0.839-2.018t2.018-0.839h26.286q1.179 0 2.018 0.839t0.839 2.018z"></path> 1787</symbol> 1788<symbol id="icon-close" viewBox="0 0 25 32"> 1789<path class="path1" d="M23.179 23.607q0 0.714-0.5 1.214l-2.429 2.429q-0.5 0.5-1.214 0.5t-1.214-0.5l-5.25-5.25-5.25 5.25q-0.5 0.5-1.214 0.5t-1.214-0.5l-2.429-2.429q-0.5-0.5-0.5-1.214t0.5-1.214l5.25-5.25-5.25-5.25q-0.5-0.5-0.5-1.214t0.5-1.214l2.429-2.429q0.5-0.5 1.214-0.5t1.214 0.5l5.25 5.25 5.25-5.25q0.5-0.5 1.214-0.5t1.214 0.5l2.429 2.429q0.5 0.5 0.5 1.214t-0.5 1.214l-5.25 5.25 5.25 5.25q0.5 0.5 0.5 1.214z"></path> 1790</symbol> 1791<symbol id="icon-angle-down" viewBox="0 0 21 32"> 1792<path class="path1" d="M19.196 13.143q0 0.232-0.179 0.411l-8.321 8.321q-0.179 0.179-0.411 0.179t-0.411-0.179l-8.321-8.321q-0.179-0.179-0.179-0.411t0.179-0.411l0.893-0.893q0.179-0.179 0.411-0.179t0.411 0.179l7.018 7.018 7.018-7.018q0.179-0.179 0.411-0.179t0.411 0.179l0.893 0.893q0.179 0.179 0.179 0.411z"></path> 1793</symbol> 1794<symbol id="icon-folder-open" viewBox="0 0 34 32"> 1795<path class="path1" d="M33.554 17q0 0.554-0.554 1.179l-6 7.071q-0.768 0.911-2.152 1.545t-2.563 0.634h-19.429q-0.607 0-1.080-0.232t-0.473-0.768q0-0.554 0.554-1.179l6-7.071q0.768-0.911 2.152-1.545t2.563-0.634h19.429q0.607 0 1.080 0.232t0.473 0.768zM27.429 10.857v2.857h-14.857q-1.679 0-3.518 0.848t-2.929 2.134l-6.107 7.179q0-0.071-0.009-0.223t-0.009-0.223v-17.143q0-1.643 1.179-2.821t2.821-1.179h5.714q1.643 0 2.821 1.179t1.179 2.821v0.571h9.714q1.643 0 2.821 1.179t1.179 2.821z"></path> 1796</symbol> 1797<symbol id="icon-twitter" viewBox="0 0 30 32"> 1798<path class="path1" d="M28.929 7.286q-1.196 1.75-2.893 2.982 0.018 0.25 0.018 0.75 0 2.321-0.679 4.634t-2.063 4.437-3.295 3.759-4.607 2.607-5.768 0.973q-4.839 0-8.857-2.589 0.625 0.071 1.393 0.071 4.018 0 7.161-2.464-1.875-0.036-3.357-1.152t-2.036-2.848q0.589 0.089 1.089 0.089 0.768 0 1.518-0.196-2-0.411-3.313-1.991t-1.313-3.67v-0.071q1.214 0.679 2.607 0.732-1.179-0.786-1.875-2.054t-0.696-2.75q0-1.571 0.786-2.911 2.161 2.661 5.259 4.259t6.634 1.777q-0.143-0.679-0.143-1.321 0-2.393 1.688-4.080t4.080-1.688q2.5 0 4.214 1.821 1.946-0.375 3.661-1.393-0.661 2.054-2.536 3.179 1.661-0.179 3.321-0.893z"></path> 1799</symbol> 1800<symbol id="icon-facebook" viewBox="0 0 19 32"> 1801<path class="path1" d="M17.125 0.214v4.714h-2.804q-1.536 0-2.071 0.643t-0.536 1.929v3.375h5.232l-0.696 5.286h-4.536v13.554h-5.464v-13.554h-4.554v-5.286h4.554v-3.893q0-3.321 1.857-5.152t4.946-1.83q2.625 0 4.071 0.214z"></path> 1802</symbol> 1803<symbol id="icon-github" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1804<path class="path1" d="M13.714 2.286q3.732 0 6.884 1.839t4.991 4.991 1.839 6.884q0 4.482-2.616 8.063t-6.759 4.955q-0.482 0.089-0.714-0.125t-0.232-0.536q0-0.054 0.009-1.366t0.009-2.402q0-1.732-0.929-2.536 1.018-0.107 1.83-0.321t1.679-0.696 1.446-1.188 0.946-1.875 0.366-2.688q0-2.125-1.411-3.679 0.661-1.625-0.143-3.643-0.5-0.161-1.446 0.196t-1.643 0.786l-0.679 0.429q-1.661-0.464-3.429-0.464t-3.429 0.464q-0.286-0.196-0.759-0.482t-1.491-0.688-1.518-0.241q-0.804 2.018-0.143 3.643-1.411 1.554-1.411 3.679 0 1.518 0.366 2.679t0.938 1.875 1.438 1.196 1.679 0.696 1.83 0.321q-0.696 0.643-0.875 1.839-0.375 0.179-0.804 0.268t-1.018 0.089-1.17-0.384-0.991-1.116q-0.339-0.571-0.866-0.929t-0.884-0.429l-0.357-0.054q-0.375 0-0.518 0.080t-0.089 0.205 0.161 0.25 0.232 0.214l0.125 0.089q0.393 0.179 0.777 0.679t0.563 0.911l0.179 0.411q0.232 0.679 0.786 1.098t1.196 0.536 1.241 0.125 0.991-0.063l0.411-0.071q0 0.679 0.009 1.58t0.009 0.973q0 0.321-0.232 0.536t-0.714 0.125q-4.143-1.375-6.759-4.955t-2.616-8.063q0-3.732 1.839-6.884t4.991-4.991 6.884-1.839zM5.196 21.982q0.054-0.125-0.125-0.214-0.179-0.054-0.232 0.036-0.054 0.125 0.125 0.214 0.161 0.107 0.232-0.036zM5.75 22.589q0.125-0.089-0.036-0.286-0.179-0.161-0.286-0.054-0.125 0.089 0.036 0.286 0.179 0.179 0.286 0.054zM6.286 23.393q0.161-0.125 0-0.339-0.143-0.232-0.304-0.
1804107-0.161 0.089 0 0.321t0.304 0.125zM7.036 24.143q0.143-0.143-0.071-0.339-0.214-0.214-0.357-0.054-0.161 0.143 0.071 0.339 0.214 0.214 0.357 0.054zM8.054 24.589q0.054-0.196-0.232-0.286-0.268-0.071-0.339 0.125t0.232 0.268q0.268 0.107 0.339-0.107zM9.179 24.679q0-0.232-0.304-0.196-0.286 0-0.286 0.196 0 0.232 0.304 0.196 0.286 0 0.286-0.196zM10.214 24.5q-0.036-0.196-0.321-0.161-0.286 0.054-0.25 0.268t0.321 0.143 0.25-0.25z"></path> 1805</symbol> 1806<symbol id="icon-bars" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1807<path class="path1" d="M27.429 24v2.286q0 0.464-0.339 0.804t-0.804 0.339h-25.143q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804v-2.286q0-0.464 0.339-0.804t0.804-0.339h25.143q0.464 0 0.804 0.339t0.339 0.804zM27.429 14.857v2.286q0 0.464-0.339 0.804t-0.804 0.339h-25.143q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804v-2.286q0-0.464 0.339-0.804t0.804-0.339h25.143q0.464 0 0.804 0.339t0.339 0.804zM27.429 5.714v2.286q0 0.464-0.339 0.804t-0.804 0.339h-25.143q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804v-2.286q0-0.464 0.339-0.804t0.804-0.339h25.143q0.464 0 0.804 0.339t0.339 0.804z"></path> 1808</symbol> 1809<symbol id="icon-google-plus" viewBox="0 0 41 32"> 1810<path class="path1" d="M25.661 16.304q0 3.714-1.554 6.616t-4.429 4.536-6.589 1.634q-2.661 0-5.089-1.036t-4.179-2.786-2.786-4.179-1.036-5.089 1.036-5.089 2.786-4.179 4.179-2.786 5.089-1.036q5.107 0 8.768 3.429l-3.554 3.411q-2.089-2.018-5.214-2.018-2.196 0-4.063 1.107t-2.955 3.009-1.089 4.152 1.089 4.152 2.955 3.009 4.063 1.107q1.482 0 2.723-0.411t2.045-1.027 1.402-1.402 0.875-1.482 0.384-1.321h-7.429v-4.5h12.357q0.214 1.125 0.214 2.179zM41.143 14.125v3.75h-3.732v3.732h-3.75v-3.732h-3.732v-3.75h3.732v-3.732h3.75v3.732h3.732z"></path> 1811</symbol> 1812<symbol id="icon-linkedin" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1813<path class="path1" d="M6.232 11.161v17.696h-5.893v-17.696h5.893zM6.607 5.696q0.018 1.304-0.902 2.179t-2.42 0.875h-0.036q-1.464 0-2.357-0.875t-0.893-2.179q0-1.321 0.92-2.188t2.402-0.866 2.375 0.866 0.911 2.188zM27.429 18.714v10.143h-5.875v-9.464q0-1.875-0.723-2.938t-2.259-1.063q-1.125 0-1.884 0.616t-1.134 1.527q-0.196 0.536-0.196 1.446v9.875h-5.875q0.036-7.125 0.036-11.554t-0.018-5.286l-0.018-0.857h5.875v2.571h-0.036q0.357-0.571 0.732-1t1.009-0.929 1.554-0.777 2.045-0.277q3.054 0 4.911 2.027t1.857 5.938z"></path> 1814</symbol> 1815<symbol id="icon-quote-right" viewBox="0 0 30 32"> 1816<path class="path1" d="M13.714 5.714v12.571q0 1.857-0.723 3.545t-1.955 2.92-2.92 1.955-3.545 0.723h-1.143q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804v-2.286q0-0.464 0.339-0.804t0.804-0.339h1.143q1.893 0 3.232-1.339t1.339-3.232v-0.571q0-0.714-0.5-1.214t-1.214-0.5h-4q-1.429 0-2.429-1t-1-2.429v-6.857q0-1.429 1-2.429t2.429-1h6.857q1.429 0 2.429 1t1 2.429zM29.714 5.714v12.571q0 1.857-0.723 3.545t-1.955 2.92-2.92 1.955-3.545 0.723h-1.143q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804v-2.286q0-0.464 0.339-0.804t0.804-0.339h1.143q1.893 0 3.232-1.339t1.339-3.232v-0.571q0-0.714-0.5-1.214t-1.214-0.5h-4q-1.429 0-2.429-1t-1-2.429v-6.857q0-1.429 1-2.429t2.429-1h6.857q1.429 0 2.429 1t1 2.429z"></path> 1817</symbol> 1818<symbol id="icon-mail-reply" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> 1819<path class="path1" d="M32 20q0 2.964-2.268 8.054-0.054 0.125-0.188 0.429t-0.241 0.536-0.232 0.393q-0.214 0.304-0.5 0.304-0.268 0-0.42-0.179t-0.152-0.446q0-0.161 0.045-0.473t0.045-0.42q0.089-1.214 0.089-2.196 0-1.804-0.313-3.232t-0.866-2.473-1.429-1.804-1.884-1.241-2.375-0.759-2.75-0.384-3.134-0.107h-4v4.571q0 0.464-0.339 0.804t-0.804 0.339-0.804-0.339l-9.143-9.143q-0.339-0.339-0.339-0.804t0.339-0.804l9.143-9.143q0.339-0.339 0.804-0.339t0.804 0.339 0.339 0.804v4.571h4q12.732 0 15.625 7.196 0.946 2.393 0.946 5.946z"></path> 1820</symbol> 1821<symbol id="icon-youtube" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1822<path class="path1" d="M17.339 22.214v3.768q0 1.196-0.696 1.196-0.411 0-0.804-0.393v-5.375q0.393-0.393 0.804-0.393 0.696 0 0.696 1.196zM23.375 22.232v0.821h-1.607v-0.821q0-1.214 0.804-1.214t0.804 1.214zM6.125 18.339h1.911v-1.679h-5.571v1.679h1.875v10.161h1.786v-10.161zM11.268 28.5h1.589v-8.821h-1.589v6.75q-0.536 0.75-1.018 0.75-0.321 0-0.375-0.375-0.018-0.054-0.018-0.625v-6.5h-1.589v6.982q0 0.875 0.143 1.304 0.214 0.661 1.036 0.661 0.857 0 1.821-1.089v0.964zM18.929 25.857v-3.518q0-1.304-0.161-1.768-0.304-1-1.268-1-0.893 0-1.661 0.964v-3.875h-1.589v11.839h1.589v-0.857q0.804 0.982 1.661 0.982 0.964 0 1.268-0.982 0.161-0.482 0.161-1.786zM24.964 25.679v-0.232h-1.625q0 0.911-0.036 1.089-0.
1822125 0.643-0.714 0.643-0.821 0-0.821-1.232v-1.554h3.196v-1.839q0-1.411-0.482-2.071-0.696-0.911-1.893-0.911-1.214 0-1.911 0.911-0.5 0.661-0.5 2.071v3.089q0 1.411 0.518 2.071 0.696 0.911 1.929 0.911 1.286 0 1.929-0.946 0.321-0.482 0.375-0.964 0.036-0.161 0.036-1.036zM14.107 9.375v-3.75q0-1.232-0.768-1.232t-0.768 1.232v3.75q0 1.25 0.768 1.25t0.768-1.25zM26.946 22.786q0 4.179-0.464 6.25-0.25 1.054-1.036 1.768t-1.821 0.821q-3.286 0.375-9.911 0.375t-9.911-0.375q-1.036-0.107-1.83-0.821t-1.027-1.768q-0.464-2-0.464-6.25 0-4.179 0.464-6.25 0.25-1.054 1.036-1.768t1.839-0.839q3.268-0.357 9.893-0.357t9.911 0.357q1.036 0.125 1.83 0.839t1.027 1.768q0.464 2 0.464 6.25zM9.125 0h1.821l-2.161 7.125v4.839h-1.786v-4.839q-0.25-1.321-1.089-3.786-0.661-1.839-1.161-3.339h1.893l1.268 4.696zM15.732 5.946v3.125q0 1.446-0.5 2.107-0.661 0.911-1.893 0.911-1.196 0-1.875-0.911-0.5-0.679-0.5-2.107v-3.125q0-1.429 0.5-2.089 0.679-0.911 1.875-0.911 1.232 0 1.893 0.911 0.5 0.661 0.5 2.089zM21.714 3.054v8.911h-1.625v-0.982q-0.946 1.107-1.839 1.107-0.821 0-1.054-0.661-0.143-0.429-0.143-1.339v-7.036h1.625v6.554q0 0.589 0.018 0.625 0.054 0.393 0.375 0.393 0.482 0 1.018-0.768v-6.804h1.625z"></path> 1823</symbol> 1824<symbol id="icon-dropbox" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> 1825<path class="path1" d="M7.179 12.625l8.821 5.446-6.107 5.089-8.75-5.696zM24.786 22.536v1.929l-8.75 5.232v0.018l-0.018-0.018-0.018 0.018v-0.018l-8.732-5.232v-1.929l2.625 1.714 6.107-5.071v-0.036l0.018 0.018 0.018-0.018v0.036l6.125 5.071zM9.893 2.107l6.107 5.089-8.821 5.429-6.036-4.821zM24.821 12.625l6.036 4.839-8.732 5.696-6.125-5.089zM22.125 2.107l8.732 5.696-6.036 4.821-8.821-5.429z"></path> 1826</symbol> 1827<symbol id="icon-instagram" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1828<path class="path1" d="M18.286 16q0-1.893-1.339-3.232t-3.232-1.339-3.232 1.339-1.339 3.232 1.339 3.232 3.232 1.339 3.232-1.339 1.339-3.232zM20.75 16q0 2.929-2.054 4.982t-4.982 2.054-4.982-2.054-2.054-4.982 2.054-4.982 4.982-2.054 4.982 2.054 2.054 4.982zM22.679 8.679q0 0.679-0.482 1.161t-1.161 0.482-1.161-0.482-0.482-1.161 0.482-1.161 1.161-0.482 1.161 0.482 0.482 1.161zM13.714 4.75q-0.125 0-1.366-0.009t-1.884 0-1.723 0.054-1.839 0.179-1.277 0.33q-0.893 0.357-1.571 1.036t-1.036 1.571q-0.196 0.518-0.33 1.277t-0.179 1.839-0.054 1.723 0 1.884 0.009 1.366-0.009 1.366 0 1.884 0.054 1.723 0.179 1.839 0.33 1.277q0.357 0.893 1.036 1.571t1.571 1.036q0.518 0.196 1.277 0.33t1.839 0.179 1.723 0.054 1.884 0 1.366-0.009 1.366 0.009 1.884 0 1.723-0.054 1.839-0.179 1.277-0.33q0.893-0.357 1.571-1.036t1.036-1.571q0.196-0.518 0.33-1.277t0.179-1.839 0.054-1.723 0-1.884-0.009-1.366 0.009-1.366 0-1.884-0.054-1.723-0.179-1.839-0.33-1.277q-0.357-0.893-1.036-1.571t-1.571-1.036q-0.518-0.196-1.277-0.33t-1.839-0.179-1.723-0.054-1.884 0-1.366 0.009zM27.429 16q0 4.089-0.089 5.661-0.179 3.714-2.214 5.75t-5.75 2.214q-1.571 0.089-5.661 0.089t-5.661-0.089q-3.714-0.179-5.75-2.214t-2.214-5.75q-0.089-1.571-0.089-5.661t0.089-5.661q0.179-3.714 2.214-5.75t5.75-2.214q1.571-0.089 5.661-0.089t5.661 0.089q3.714 0.179 5.75 2.214t2.214 5.75q0.089 1.571 0.089 5.661z"></path> 1829</symbol> 1830<symbol id="icon-flickr" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1831<path class="path1" d="M22.286 2.286q2.125 0 3.634 1.509t1.509 3.634v17.143q0 2.125-1.509 3.634t-3.634 1.509h-17.143q-2.125 0-3.634-1.509t-1.509-3.634v-17.143q0-2.125 1.509-3.634t3.634-1.509h17.143zM12.464 16q0-1.571-1.107-2.679t-2.679-1.107-2.679 1.107-1.107 2.679 1.107 2.679 2.679 1.107 2.679-1.107 1.107-2.679zM22.536 16q0-1.571-1.107-2.679t-2.679-1.107-2.679 1.107-1.107 2.679 1.107 2.679 2.679 1.107 2.679-1.107 1.107-2.679z"></path> 1832</symbol> 1833<symbol id="icon-tumblr" viewBox="0 0 19 32"> 1834<path class="path1" d="M16.857 23.732l1.429 4.232q-0.411 0.625-1.982 1.179t-3.161 0.571q-1.857 0.036-3.402-0.464t-2.545-1.321-1.696-1.893-0.991-2.143-0.295-2.107v-9.714h-3v-3.839q1.286-0.464 2.304-1.241t1.625-1.607 1.036-1.821 0.607-1.768 0.268-1.58q0.018-0.089 0.080-0.152t0.134-0.063h4.357v7.571h5.946v4.5h-5.964v9.25q0 0.536 0.116 1t0.402 0.938 0.884 0.741 1.455 0.25q1.393-0.036 2.393-0.518z"></path> 1835</symbol> 1836<symbol id="icon-dockerhub" viewBox="0 0 24 28"> 1837<path class="path1" d="M1.597 10.257h2.911v2.83H1.597v-2.83zm3.573 0h2.91v2.83H5.17v-2.83zm0-3.627h2.91v2.829H5.17V6.63zm3.57 3.627h2.912v2.83H8.74v-2.83zm0-3.627h2.912v2.829H8.74V6.63zm3.573 3.627h2.911v2.83h-2.911v-2.83zm0-3.627h2.911v2.829h-2.911V6.63zm3.572 3.627h2.911v2.83h-2.911v-2.83zM12.313 3h2.911v2.83h-2.911V3zm-6.65 14.173c-.449 0-.812.354-.812.788 0 .435.364.788.812.788.447 0 .811-.353.811-.788 0-.434-.363-.788-.811-.788"></path> 1838<path class="path2" d="M28.172 11.721c-.978-.549-2.278-.624-3.388-.306-.136-1.146-.91-2.149-1.83-2.869l-.366-.28
18386-.307.345c-.618.692-.8 1.845-.718 2.73.063.651.273 1.312.685 1.834-.313.183-.668.328-.985.434-.646.212-1.347.33-2.028.33H.083l-.042.429c-.137 1.432.065 2.866.674 4.173l.262.519.03.048c1.8 2.973 4.963 4.225 8.41 4.225 6.672 0 12.174-2.896 14.702-9.015 1.689.085 3.417-.4 4.243-1.968l.211-.4-.401-.223zM5.664 19.458c-.85 0-1.542-.671-1.542-1.497 0-.825.691-1.498 1.541-1.498.849 0 1.54.672 1.54 1.497s-.69 1.498-1.539 1.498z"></path> 1839</symbol> 1840<symbol id="icon-dribbble" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1841<path class="path1" d="M18.286 26.786q-0.75-4.304-2.5-8.893h-0.036l-0.036 0.018q-0.286 0.107-0.768 0.295t-1.804 0.875-2.446 1.464-2.339 2.045-1.839 2.643l-0.268-0.196q3.286 2.679 7.464 2.679 2.357 0 4.571-0.929zM14.982 15.946q-0.375-0.875-0.946-1.982-5.554 1.661-12.018 1.661-0.018 0.125-0.018 0.375 0 2.214 0.786 4.223t2.214 3.598q0.893-1.589 2.205-2.973t2.545-2.223 2.33-1.446 1.777-0.857l0.661-0.232q0.071-0.018 0.232-0.063t0.232-0.080zM13.071 12.161q-2.143-3.804-4.357-6.75-2.464 1.161-4.179 3.321t-2.286 4.857q5.393 0 10.821-1.429zM25.286 17.857q-3.75-1.071-7.304-0.518 1.554 4.268 2.286 8.375 1.982-1.339 3.304-3.384t1.714-4.473zM10.911 4.625q-0.018 0-0.036 0.018 0.018-0.018 0.036-0.018zM21.446 7.214q-3.304-2.929-7.732-2.929-1.357 0-2.768 0.339 2.339 3.036 4.393 6.821 1.232-0.464 2.321-1.080t1.723-1.098 1.17-1.018 0.67-0.723zM25.429 15.875q-0.054-4.143-2.661-7.321l-0.018 0.018q-0.161 0.214-0.339 0.438t-0.777 0.795-1.268 1.080-1.786 1.161-2.348 1.152q0.446 0.946 0.786 1.696 0.036 0.107 0.116 0.313t0.134 0.295q0.643-0.089 1.33-0.125t1.313-0.036 1.232 0.027 1.143 0.071 1.009 0.098 0.857 0.116 0.652 0.107 0.446 0.080zM27.429 16q0 3.732-1.839 6.884t-4.991 4.991-6.884 1.839-6.884-1.839-4.991-4.991-1.839-6.884 1.839-6.884 4.991-4.991 6.884-1.839 6.884 1.839 4.991 4.991 1.839 6.884z"></path> 1842</symbol> 1843<symbol id="icon-skype" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1844<path class="path1" d="M20.946 18.982q0-0.893-0.348-1.634t-0.866-1.223-1.304-0.875-1.473-0.607-1.563-0.411l-1.857-0.429q-0.536-0.125-0.786-0.188t-0.625-0.205-0.536-0.286-0.295-0.375-0.134-0.536q0-1.375 2.571-1.375 0.768 0 1.375 0.214t0.964 0.509 0.679 0.598 0.714 0.518 0.857 0.214q0.839 0 1.348-0.571t0.509-1.375q0-0.982-1-1.777t-2.536-1.205-3.25-0.411q-1.214 0-2.357 0.277t-2.134 0.839-1.589 1.554-0.598 2.295q0 1.089 0.339 1.902t1 1.348 1.429 0.866 1.839 0.58l2.607 0.643q1.607 0.393 2 0.643 0.571 0.357 0.571 1.071 0 0.696-0.714 1.152t-1.875 0.455q-0.911 0-1.634-0.286t-1.161-0.688-0.813-0.804-0.821-0.688-0.964-0.286q-0.893 0-1.348 0.536t-0.455 1.339q0 1.643 2.179 2.813t5.196 1.17q1.304 0 2.5-0.33t2.188-0.955 1.58-1.67 0.589-2.348zM27.429 22.857q0 2.839-2.009 4.848t-4.848 2.009q-2.321 0-4.179-1.429-1.375 0.286-2.679 0.286-2.554 0-4.884-0.991t-4.018-2.679-2.679-4.018-0.991-4.884q0-1.304 0.286-2.679-1.429-1.857-1.429-4.179 0-2.839 2.009-4.848t4.848-2.009q2.321 0 4.179 1.429 1.375-0.286 2.679-0.286 2.554 0 4.884 0.991t4.018 2.679 2.679 4.018 0.991 4.884q0 1.304-0.286 2.679 1.429 1.857 1.429 4.179z"></path> 1845</symbol> 1846<symbol id="icon-foursquare" viewBox="0 0 23 32"> 1847<path class="path1" d="M17.857 7.75l0.661-3.464q0.089-0.411-0.161-0.714t-0.625-0.304h-12.714q-0.411 0-0.688 0.304t-0.277 0.661v19.661q0 0.125 0.107 0.018l5.196-6.286q0.411-0.464 0.679-0.598t0.857-0.134h4.268q0.393 0 0.661-0.259t0.321-0.527q0.429-2.321 0.661-3.411 0.071-0.375-0.205-0.714t-0.652-0.339h-5.25q-0.518 0-0.857-0.339t-0.339-0.857v-0.75q0-0.518 0.339-0.848t0.857-0.33h6.179q0.321 0 0.625-0.241t0.357-0.527zM21.911 3.786q-0.268 1.304-0.955 4.759t-1.241 6.25-0.625 3.098q-0.107 0.393-0.161 0.58t-0.25 0.58-0.438 0.589-0.688 0.375-1.036 0.179h-4.839q-0.232 0-0.393 0.179-0.143 0.161-7.607 8.821-0.393 0.446-1.045 0.509t-0.866-0.098q-0.982-0.393-0.982-1.75v-25.179q0-0.982 0.679-1.83t2.143-0.848h15.857q1.696 0 2.268 0.946t0.179 2.839zM21.911 3.786l-2.821 14.107q0.071-0.304 0.625-3.098t1.241-6.25 0.955-4.759z"></path> 1848</symbol> 1849<symbol id="icon-wordpress" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> 1850<path class="path1" d="M2.268 16q0-2.911 1.196-5.589l6.554 17.946q-3.5-1.696-5.625-5.018t-2.125-7.339zM25.268 15.304q0 0.339-0.045 0.688t-0.179 0.884-0.205 0.786-0.313 1.054-0.313 1.036l-1.357 4.571-4.964-14.75q0.821-0.054 1.571-0.143 0.339-0.036 0.464-0.33t-0.045-0.554-0.509-0.241l-3.661 0.179q-1.339-0.018-3.607-0.179-0.214-0.018-0.366 0.089t-0.205 0.268-0.027 0.33 0.161 0.295 0.348 0.143l1.429 0.143 2.143 5.857-3 9-5-14.857q0.821-0.054 1.571-0.143 0.339-0.036 0.464-0.33t-0.045-0.554-0.509-0.241l-3.661 0.179q-0.
1850125 0-0.411-0.009t-0.464-0.009q1.875-2.857 4.902-4.527t6.563-1.67q2.625 0 5.009 0.946t4.259 2.661h-0.179q-0.982 0-1.643 0.723t-0.661 1.705q0 0.214 0.036 0.429t0.071 0.384 0.143 0.411 0.161 0.375 0.214 0.402 0.223 0.375 0.259 0.429 0.25 0.411q1.125 1.911 1.125 3.786zM16.232 17.196l4.232 11.554q0.018 0.107 0.089 0.196-2.25 0.786-4.554 0.786-2 0-3.875-0.571zM28.036 9.411q1.696 3.107 1.696 6.589 0 3.732-1.857 6.884t-4.982 4.973l4.196-12.107q1.054-3.018 1.054-4.929 0-0.75-0.107-1.411zM16 0q3.25 0 6.214 1.268t5.107 3.411 3.411 5.107 1.268 6.214-1.268 6.214-3.411 5.107-5.107 3.411-6.214 1.268-6.214-1.268-5.107-3.411-3.411-5.107-1.268-6.214 1.268-6.214 3.411-5.107 5.107-3.411 6.214-1.268zM16 31.268q3.089 0 5.92-1.214t4.875-3.259 3.259-4.875 1.214-5.92-1.214-5.92-3.259-4.875-4.875-3.259-5.92-1.214-5.92 1.214-4.875 3.259-3.259 4.875-1.214 5.92 1.214 5.92 3.259 4.875 4.875 3.259 5.92 1.214z"></path> 1851</symbol> 1852<symbol id="icon-stumbleupon" viewBox="0 0 34 32"> 1853<path class="path1" d="M18.964 12.714v-2.107q0-0.75-0.536-1.286t-1.286-0.536-1.286 0.536-0.536 1.286v10.929q0 3.125-2.25 5.339t-5.411 2.214q-3.179 0-5.42-2.241t-2.241-5.42v-4.75h5.857v4.679q0 0.768 0.536 1.295t1.286 0.527 1.286-0.527 0.536-1.295v-11.071q0-3.054 2.259-5.214t5.384-2.161q3.143 0 5.393 2.179t2.25 5.25v2.429l-3.482 1.036zM28.429 16.679h5.857v4.75q0 3.179-2.241 5.42t-5.42 2.241q-3.161 0-5.411-2.223t-2.25-5.366v-4.786l2.339 1.089 3.482-1.036v4.821q0 0.75 0.536 1.277t1.286 0.527 1.286-0.527 0.536-1.277v-4.911z"></path> 1854</symbol> 1855<symbol id="icon-digg" viewBox="0 0 37 32"> 1856<path class="path1" d="M5.857 5.036h3.643v17.554h-9.5v-12.446h5.857v-5.107zM5.857 19.661v-6.589h-2.196v6.589h2.196zM10.964 10.143v12.446h3.661v-12.446h-3.661zM10.964 5.036v3.643h3.661v-3.643h-3.661zM16.089 10.143h9.518v16.821h-9.518v-2.911h5.857v-1.464h-5.857v-12.446zM21.946 19.661v-6.589h-2.196v6.589h2.196zM27.071 10.143h9.5v16.821h-9.5v-2.911h5.839v-1.464h-5.839v-12.446zM32.911 19.661v-6.589h-2.196v6.589h2.196z"></path> 1857</symbol> 1858<symbol id="icon-spotify" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1859<path class="path1" d="M20.125 21.607q0-0.571-0.536-0.911-3.446-2.054-7.982-2.054-2.375 0-5.125 0.607-0.75 0.161-0.75 0.929 0 0.357 0.241 0.616t0.634 0.259q0.089 0 0.661-0.143 2.357-0.482 4.339-0.482 4.036 0 7.089 1.839 0.339 0.196 0.589 0.196 0.339 0 0.589-0.241t0.25-0.616zM21.839 17.768q0-0.714-0.625-1.089-4.232-2.518-9.786-2.518-2.732 0-5.411 0.75-0.857 0.232-0.857 1.143 0 0.446 0.313 0.759t0.759 0.313q0.125 0 0.661-0.143 2.179-0.589 4.482-0.589 4.982 0 8.714 2.214 0.429 0.232 0.679 0.232 0.446 0 0.759-0.313t0.313-0.759zM23.768 13.339q0-0.839-0.714-1.25-2.25-1.304-5.232-1.973t-6.125-0.67q-3.643 0-6.5 0.839-0.411 0.125-0.688 0.455t-0.277 0.866q0 0.554 0.366 0.929t0.92 0.375q0.196 0 0.714-0.143 2.375-0.661 5.482-0.661 2.839 0 5.527 0.607t4.527 1.696q0.375 0.214 0.714 0.214 0.518 0 0.902-0.366t0.384-0.92zM27.429 16q0 3.732-1.839 6.884t-4.991 4.991-6.884 1.839-6.884-1.839-4.991-4.991-1.839-6.884 1.839-6.884 4.991-4.991 6.884-1.839 6.884 1.839 4.991 4.991 1.839 6.884z"></path> 1860</symbol>
1861<symbol id="icon-soundcloud" viewBox="0 0 41 32"> 1862<path class="path1" d="M14 24.5l0.286-4.304-0.286-9.339q-0.018-0.179-0.134-0.304t-0.295-0.125q-0.161 0-0.286 0.125t-0.125 0.304l-0.25 9.339 0.25 4.304q0.018 0.179 0.134 0.295t0.277 0.116q0.393 0 0.429-0.411zM19.286 23.982l0.196-3.768-0.214-10.464q0-0.286-0.232-0.429-0.143-0.089-0.286-0.089t-0.286 0.089q-0.232 0.143-0.232 0.429l-0.018 0.107-0.179 10.339q0 0.018 0.196 4.214v0.018q0 0.179 0.107 0.304 0.161 0.196 0.411 0.196 0.196 0 0.357-0.161 0.161-0.125 0.161-0.357zM0.625 17.911l0.357 2.286-0.357 2.25q-0.036 0.161-0.161 0.161t-0.161-0.161l-0.304-2.25 0.304-2.286q0.036-0.161 0.161-0.161t0.161 0.161zM2.161 16.5l0.464 3.696-0.464 3.625q-0.036 0.161-0.179 0.161-0.161 0-0.161-0.179l-0.411-3.607 0.411-3.696q0-0.161 0.161-0.161 0.143 0 0.179 0.161zM3.804 15.821l0.446 4.375-0.446 4.232q0 0.196-0.196 0.196-0.179 0-0.214-0.196l-0.375-4.232 0.375-4.375q0.036-0.214 0.214-0.214 0.196 0 0.196 0.214zM5.482 15.696l0.411 4.5-0.411 4.357q-0.036 0.232-0.25 0.232-0.232 0-0.232-0.232l-0.375-4.357 0.375-4.5q0-0.232 0.232-0.232 0.214 0 0.25 0.232zM7.161 16.018l0.375 4.179-0.375 4.393q-0.036 0.286-0.286 0.286-0.107 0-0.188-0.080t-0.080-0.205l-0.357-4.393 0.357-4.179q0-0.107 0.080-0.188t0.188-0.080q0.25 0 0.286 0.268zM8.839 13.411l0.375 6.786-0.375 4.393q0 0.125-0.089 0.223t-0.214 0.098q-0.286 0-0.321-0.321l-0.321-4.393 0.321-6.786q0.036-0.321 0.321-0.321 0.125 0 0.214 0.098t0.089 0.223zM10.518 11.875l0.339 8.357-0.339 4.357q0 0.143-0.098 0.241t-0.241 0.098q-0.321 0-0.357-0.339l-0.286-4.357 0.286-8.357q0.036-0.339 0.357-0.339 0.143 0 0.241 0.098t0.098 0.241zM12.268 11.161l0.321 9.036-0.321 4.321q-0.036 0.375-0.393 0.375-0.339 0-0.375-0.375l-0.286-4.321 0.286-9.036q0-0.161 0.116-0.277t0.259-0.116q0.161 0 0.268 0.116t0.125 0.277zM19.268 24.411v0 0zM15.732 11.089l0.268 9.107-0.268 4.268q0 0.179-0.134 0.313t-0.313 0.134-0.304-0.125-0.143-0.321l-0.25-4.268 0.25-9.107q0-0.196 0.134-0.321t0.313-0.125 0.313 0.125 0.134 0.321zM17.5 11.429l0.25 8.786-0.25 4.214q0 0.196-0.143 0.339t-0.339 0.143-0.339-0.143-0.161-0.339l-0.214-4.214 0.214-8.786q0.018-0.214 0.161-0.357t0.339-0.143 0.33 0.143 0.152 0.357zM21.286 20.214l-0.25 4.125q0 0.232-0.161 0.393t-0.393 0.161-0.393-0.161-0.179-0.393l-0.107-2.036-0.107-2.089 0.214-11.357v-0.054q0.036-0.268 0.214-0.429 0.161-0.125 0.357-0.125 0.143 0 0.268 0.089 0.25 0.143 0.286 0.464zM41.143 19.875q0 2.089-1.482 3.563t-3.571 1.473h-14.036q-0.232-0.036-0.393-0.196t-0.161-0.393v-16.054q0-0.411 0.5-0.589 1.518-0.607 3.232-0.607 3.482 0 6.036 2.348t2.857 5.777q0.946-0.393 1.964-0.393 2.089 0 3.571 1.482t1.482 3.589z"></path> 1863</symbol> 1864<symbol id="icon-codepen" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> 1865<path class="path1" d="M3.857 20.875l10.768 7.179v-6.411l-5.964-3.982zM2.75 18.304l3.446-2.304-3.446-2.304v4.607zM17.375 28.054l10.768-7.179-4.804-3.214-5.964 3.982v6.411zM16 19.25l4.857-3.25-4.857-3.25-4.857 3.25zM8.661 14.339l5.964-3.982v-6.411l-10.768 7.179zM25.804 16l3.446 2.304v-4.607zM23.339 14.339l4.804-3.214-10.768-7.179v6.411zM32 11.125v9.75q0 0.732-0.607 1.143l-14.625 9.75q-0.375 0.232-0.768 0.232t-0.768-0.232l-14.625-9.75q-0.607-0.411-0.607-1.143v-9.75q0-0.732 0.607-1.143l14.625-9.75q0.375-0.232 0.768-0.232t0.768 0.232l14.625 9.75q0.607 0.411 0.607 1.143z"></path> 1866</symbol> 1867<symbol id="icon-twitch" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> 1868<path class="path1" d="M16 7.75v7.75h-2.589v-7.75h2.589zM23.107 7.75v7.75h-2.589v-7.75h2.589zM23.107 21.321l4.518-4.536v-14.196h-21.321v18.732h5.821v3.875l3.875-3.875h7.107zM30.214 0v18.089l-7.75 7.75h-5.821l-3.875 3.875h-3.875v-3.875h-7.107v-20.679l1.946-5.161h26.482z"></path> 1869</symbol> 1870<symbol id="icon-meanpath" viewBox="0 0 27 32"> 1871<path class="path1" d="M23.411 15.036v2.036q0 0.429-0.241 0.679t-0.67 0.25h-3.607q-0.429 0-0.679-0.25t-0.25-0.679v-2.036q0-0.429 0.25-0.679t0.679-0.25h3.607q0.429 0 0.67 0.25t0.241 0.679zM14.661 19.143v-4.464q0-0.946-0.58-1.527t-1.527-0.58h-2.375q-1.214 0-1.714 0.929-0.5-0.929-1.714-0.929h-2.321q-0.946 0-1.527 0.58t-0.58 1.527v4.464q0 0.393 0.375 0.393h0.982q0.393 0 0.393-0.393v-4.107q0-0.429 0.241-0.679t0.688-0.25h1.679q0.429 0 0.679 0.25t0.25 0.679v4.107q0 0.393 0.375 0.393h0.964q0.393 0 0.393-0.393v-4.107q0-0.429 0.25-0.679t0.679-0.25h1.732q0.429 0 0.67 0.25t0.241 0.679v4.107q0 0.393 0.393 0.393h0.982q0.375 0 0.375-0.393zM25.179 17.429v-2.75q0-0.946-0.589-1.527t-1.536-0.58h-4.714q-0.946 0-1.536 0.58t-0.589 1.527v7.321q0 0.375 0.393 0.375h0.982q0.375 0 0.375-0.375v-3.214q0.554 0.75 1.679 0.75h3.411q0.946 0 1.536-0.58t0.589-1.527zM27.429 6.429v19.143q0 1.714-1.214 2.929t-2.929 1.214h-19.143q-1.714 0-2.929-1.214t-1.214-2.929v-19.143q0-1.714 1.214-2.929t2.929-1.214h19.143q1.714 0 2.929 1.214t1.214 2.929z"></path> 1872</symbol> 1873<symbol id="icon-pinterest-p" viewBox="0 0 23 32">
1874<path class="path1" d="M0 10.661q0-1.929 0.67-3.634t1.848-2.973 2.714-2.196 3.304-1.393 3.607-0.464q2.821 0 5.25 1.188t3.946 3.455 1.518 5.125q0 1.714-0.339 3.357t-1.071 3.161-1.786 2.67-2.589 1.839-3.375 0.688q-1.214 0-2.411-0.571t-1.714-1.571q-0.179 0.696-0.5 2.009t-0.42 1.696-0.366 1.268-0.464 1.268-0.571 1.116-0.821 1.384-1.107 1.545l-0.25 0.089-0.161-0.179q-0.268-2.804-0.268-3.357 0-1.643 0.384-3.688t1.188-5.134 0.929-3.625q-0.571-1.161-0.571-3.018 0-1.482 0.929-2.786t2.357-1.304q1.089 0 1.696 0.723t0.607 1.83q0 1.179-0.786 3.411t-0.786 3.339q0 1.125 0.804 1.866t1.946 0.741q0.982 0 1.821-0.446t1.402-1.214 1-1.696 0.679-1.973 0.357-1.982 0.116-1.777q0-3.089-1.955-4.813t-5.098-1.723q-3.571 0-5.964 2.313t-2.393 5.866q0 0.786 0.223 1.518t0.482 1.161 0.482 0.813 0.223 0.545q0 0.5-0.268 1.304t-0.661 0.804q-0.036 0-0.304-0.054-0.911-0.268-1.616-1t-1.089-1.688-0.58-1.929-0.196-1.902z"></path> 1875</symbol> 1876<symbol id="icon-periscope" viewBox="0 0 24 28"> 1877<path class="path1" d="M12.285,1C6.696,1,2.277,5.643,2.277,11.243c0,5.851,7.77,14.578,10.007,14.578c1.959,0,9.729-8.728,9.729-14.578 C22.015,5.643,17.596,1,12.285,1z M12.317,16.551c-3.473,0-6.152-2.611-6.152-5.664c0-1.292,0.39-2.472,1.065-3.438 c0.206,1.084,1.18,1.906,2.352,1.906c1.322,0,2.393-1.043,2.393-2.333c0-0.832-0.447-1.561-1.119-1.975 c0.467-0.105,0.955-0.161,1.46-0.161c3.133,0,5.81,2.611,5.81,5.998C18.126,13.94,15.449,16.551,12.317,16.551z"></path> 1878</symbol> 1879<symbol id="icon-get-pocket" viewBox="0 0 31 32"> 1880<path class="path1" d="M27.946 2.286q1.161 0 1.964 0.813t0.804 1.973v9.268q0 3.143-1.214 6t-3.259 4.911-4.893 3.259-5.973 1.205q-3.143 0-5.991-1.205t-4.902-3.259-3.268-4.911-1.214-6v-9.268q0-1.143 0.821-1.964t1.964-0.821h25.161zM15.375 21.286q0.839 0 1.464-0.589l7.214-6.929q0.661-0.625 0.661-1.518 0-0.875-0.616-1.491t-1.491-0.616q-0.839 0-1.464 0.589l-5.768 5.536-5.768-5.536q-0.625-0.589-1.446-0.589-0.875 0-1.491 0.616t-0.616 1.491q0 0.911 0.643 1.518l7.232 6.929q0.589 0.589 1.446 0.589z"></path> 1881</symbol> 1882<symbol id="icon-vimeo" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> 1883<path class="path1" d="M30.518 9.25q-0.179 4.214-5.929 11.625-5.946 7.696-10.036 7.696-2.536 0-4.286-4.696-0.786-2.857-2.357-8.607-1.286-4.679-2.804-4.679-0.321 0-2.268 1.357l-1.375-1.75q0.429-0.375 1.929-1.723t2.321-2.063q2.786-2.464 4.304-2.607 1.696-0.161 2.732 0.991t1.446 3.634q0.786 5.125 1.179 6.661 0.982 4.446 2.143 4.446 0.911 0 2.75-2.875 1.804-2.875 1.946-4.393 0.232-2.482-1.946-2.482-1.018 0-2.161 0.464 2.143-7.018 8.196-6.821 4.482 0.143 4.214 5.821z"></path> 1884</symbol> 1885<symbol id="icon-reddit-alien" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> 1886<path class="path1" d="M32 15.107q0 1.036-0.527 1.884t-1.42 1.295q0.214 0.821 0.214 1.714 0 2.768-1.902 5.125t-5.188 3.723-7.143 1.366-7.134-1.366-5.179-3.723-1.902-5.125q0-0.839 0.196-1.679-0.911-0.446-1.464-1.313t-0.554-1.902q0-1.464 1.036-2.509t2.518-1.045q1.518 0 2.589 1.125 3.893-2.714 9.196-2.893l2.071-9.304q0.054-0.232 0.268-0.375t0.464-0.089l6.589 1.446q0.321-0.661 0.964-1.063t1.411-0.402q1.107 0 1.893 0.777t0.786 1.884-0.786 1.893-1.893 0.786-1.884-0.777-0.777-1.884l-5.964-1.321-1.857 8.429q5.357 0.161 9.268 2.857 1.036-1.089 2.554-1.089 1.482 0 2.518 1.045t1.036 2.509zM7.464 18.661q0 1.107 0.777 1.893t1.884 0.786 1.893-0.786 0.786-1.893-0.786-1.884-1.893-0.777q-1.089 0-1.875 0.786t-0.786 1.875zM21.929 25q0.196-0.196 0.196-0.464t-0.196-0.464q-0.179-0.179-0.446-0.179t-0.464 0.179q-0.732 0.75-2.161 1.107t-2.857 0.357-2.857-0.357-2.161-1.107q-0.196-0.179-0.464-0.179t-0.446 0.179q-0.196 0.179-0.196 0.455t0.196 0.473q0.768 0.768 2.116 1.214t2.188 0.527 1.625 0.080 1.625-0.080 2.188-0.527 2.116-1.214zM21.875 21.339q1.107 0 1.884-0.786t0.777-1.893q0-1.089-0.786-1.875t-1.875-0.786q-1.107 0-1.893 0.777t-0.786 1.884 0.786 1.893 1.893 0.786z"></path> 1887</symbol> 1888<symbol id="icon-whatsapp" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> 1889<path d="M15.968 2.003a14.03 13.978 0 0 0-14.03 13.978 14.03 13.978 0 0 0 2.132 7.391L1.938 29.96l6.745-2.052a14.03 13.978 0 0 0 7.285 2.052 14.03 13.978 0 0 0 14.03-13.978 14.03 13.978 0 0 0-14.03-13.978z" stroke-width=".2000562"/> 1890<path d="M10.454 8.236a2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0-1.475 3.184v.015c.01 2.04 4.045 10.076 10.017 12.688l.017-.013a2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0 3.454-.706 2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0 1.064-4.129 2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0-4.262.103 2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0-.505.473c-1.346-.639-2.952-1.463-4.168-2.98-.771-.962-1.257-2.732-1.549-4.206a2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0 .605-.403 2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0 1.064-4.129 2.57 3.401 51.533 0 0-4.262.103z" stroke-width=".372"/> 1891</symbol> 1892<symbol id="icon-telegram" viewBox="0 0 32 32">
1893<path d="M30.8,2.2L0.6,13.9c-0.8,0.3-0.7,1.3,0,1.6l7.4,2.8l2.9,9.2c0.2,0.6,0.9,0.8,1.4,0.4l4.1-3.4 c0.4-0.4,1-0.4,1.5,0l7.4,5.4c0.5,0.4,1.2,0.1,1.4-0.5L32,3.2C32.1,2.5,31.4,1.9,30.8,2.2z M25,8.3l-11.9,11 c-0.4,0.4-0.7,0.9-0.8,1.5l-0.4,3c-0.1,0.4-0.6,0.4-0.7,0.1l-1.6-5.5c-0.2-0.6,0.1-1.3,0.6-1.6l14.4-8.9C25,7.7,25.3,8.1,25,8.3z"/> 1894</symbol> 1895<symbol id="icon-hashtag" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> 1896<path class="path1" d="M17.696 18.286l1.143-4.571h-4.536l-1.143 4.571h4.536zM31.411 9.286l-1 4q-0.125 0.429-0.554 0.429h-5.839l-1.143 4.571h5.554q0.268 0 0.446 0.214 0.179 0.25 0.107 0.5l-1 4q-0.089 0.429-0.554 0.429h-5.839l-1.446 5.857q-0.125 0.429-0.554 0.429h-4q-0.286 0-0.464-0.214-0.161-0.214-0.107-0.5l1.393-5.571h-4.536l-1.446 5.857q-0.125 0.429-0.554 0.429h-4.018q-0.268 0-0.446-0.214-0.161-0.214-0.107-0.5l1.393-5.571h-5.554q-0.268 0-0.446-0.214-0.161-0.214-0.107-0.5l1-4q0.125-0.429 0.554-0.429h5.839l1.143-4.571h-5.554q-0.268 0-0.446-0.214-0.179-0.25-0.107-0.5l1-4q0.089-0.429 0.554-0.429h5.839l1.446-5.857q0.125-0.429 0.571-0.429h4q0.268 0 0.446 0.214 0.161 0.214 0.107 0.5l-1.393 5.571h4.536l1.446-5.857q0.125-0.429 0.571-0.429h4q0.268 0 0.446 0.214 0.161 0.214 0.107 0.5l-1.393 5.571h5.554q0.268 0 0.446 0.214 0.161 0.214 0.107 0.5z"></path> 1897</symbol> 1898<symbol id="icon-chain" viewBox="0 0 30 32"> 1899<path class="path1" d="M26 21.714q0-0.714-0.5-1.214l-3.714-3.714q-0.5-0.5-1.214-0.5-0.75 0-1.286 0.571 0.054 0.054 0.339 0.33t0.384 0.384 0.268 0.339 0.232 0.455 0.063 0.491q0 0.714-0.5 1.214t-1.214 0.5q-0.268 0-0.491-0.063t-0.455-0.232-0.339-0.268-0.384-0.384-0.33-0.339q-0.589 0.554-0.589 1.304 0 0.714 0.5 1.214l3.679 3.696q0.482 0.482 1.214 0.482 0.714 0 1.214-0.464l2.625-2.607q0.5-0.5 0.5-1.196zM13.446 9.125q0-0.714-0.5-1.214l-3.679-3.696q-0.5-0.5-1.214-0.5-0.696 0-1.214 0.482l-2.625 2.607q-0.5 0.5-0.5 1.196 0 0.714 0.5 1.214l3.714 3.714q0.482 0.482 1.214 0.482 0.75 0 1.286-0.554-0.054-0.054-0.339-0.33t-0.384-0.384-0.268-0.339-0.232-0.455-0.063-0.491q0-0.714 0.5-1.214t1.214-0.5q0.268 0 0.491 0.063t0.455 0.232 0.339 0.268 0.384 0.384 0.33 0.339q0.589-0.554 0.589-1.304zM29.429 21.714q0 2.143-1.518 3.625l-2.625 2.607q-1.482 1.482-3.625 1.482-2.161 0-3.643-1.518l-3.679-3.696q-1.482-1.482-1.482-3.625 0-2.196 1.571-3.732l-1.571-1.571q-1.536 1.571-3.714 1.571-2.143 0-3.643-1.5l-3.714-3.714q-1.5-1.5-1.5-3.643t1.518-3.625l2.625-2.607q1.482-1.482 3.625-1.482 2.161 0 3.643 1.518l3.679 3.696q1.482 1.482 1.482 3.625 0 2.196-1.571 3.732l1.571 1.571q1.536-1.571 3.714-1.571 2.143 0 3.643 1.5l3.714 3.714q1.5 1.5 1.5 3.643z"></path> 1900</symbol> 1901<symbol id="icon-thumb-tack" viewBox="0 0 21 32"> 1902<path class="path1" d="M8.571 15.429v-8q0-0.25-0.161-0.411t-0.411-0.161-0.411 0.161-0.161 0.411v8q0 0.25 0.161 0.411t0.411 0.161 0.411-0.161 0.161-0.411zM20.571 21.714q0 0.464-0.339 0.804t-0.804 0.339h-7.661l-0.911 8.625q-0.036 0.214-0.188 0.366t-0.366 0.152h-0.018q-0.482 0-0.571-0.482l-1.357-8.661h-7.214q-0.464 0-0.804-0.339t-0.339-0.804q0-2.196 1.402-3.955t3.17-1.759v-9.143q-0.929 0-1.607-0.679t-0.679-1.607 0.679-1.607 1.607-0.679h11.429q0.929 0 1.607 0.679t0.679 1.607-0.679 1.607-1.607 0.679v9.143q1.768 0 3.17 1.759t1.402 3.955z"></path> 1903</symbol> 1904<symbol id="icon-arrow-left" viewBox="0 0 43 32"> 1905<path class="path1" d="M42.311 14.044c-0.178-0.178-0.533-0.356-0.711-0.356h-33.778l10.311-10.489c0.178-0.178 0.356-0.533 0.356-0.711 0-0.356-0.178-0.533-0.356-0.711l-1.6-1.422c-0.356-0.178-0.533-0.356-0.889-0.356s-0.533 0.178-0.711 0.356l-14.578 14.933c-0.178 0.178-0.356 0.533-0.356 0.711s0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711l14.756 14.933c0 0.178 0.356 0.356 0.533 0.356s0.533-0.178 0.711-0.356l1.6-1.6c0.178-0.178 0.356-0.533 0.356-0.711s-0.178-0.533-0.356-0.711l-10.311-10.489h33.778c0.178 0 0.533-0.178 0.711-0.356 0.356-0.178 0.533-0.356 0.533-0.711v-2.133c0-0.356-0.178-0.711-0.356-0.889z"></path> 1906</symbol> 1907<symbol id="icon-arrow-right" viewBox="0 0 43 32"> 1908<path class="path1" d="M0.356 17.956c0.178 0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711 0.356h33.778l-10.311 10.489c-0.178 0.178-0.356 0.533-0.356 0.711 0 0.356 0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711l1.6 1.6c0.178 0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711 0.356s0.533-0.178 0.711-0.356l14.756-14.933c0.178-0.356 0.356-0.711 0.356-0.889s-0.178-0.533-0.356-0.711l-14.756-14.933c0-0.178-0.356-0.356-0.533-0.356s-0.533 0.178-0.711 0.356l-1.6 1.6c-0.178 0.178-0.356 0.533-0.356 0.711s0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711l10.311 10.489h-33.778c-0.178 0-0.533 0.178-0.711 0.356-0.356 0.178-0.533 0.356-0.533 0.711v2.311c0 0.178 0.178 0.533 0.356 0.711z"></path> 1909</symbol>
1910<symbol id="icon-play" viewBox="0 0 22 28"> 1911<path d="M21.625 14.484l-20.75 11.531c-0.484 0.266-0.875 0.031-0.875-0.516v-23c0-0.547 0.391-0.781 0.875-0.516l20.75 11.531c0.484 0.266 0.484 0.703 0 0.969z"></path> 1912</symbol> 1913<symbol id="icon-pause" viewBox="0 0 24 28"> 1914<path d="M24 3v22c0 0.547-0.453 1-1 1h-8c-0.547 0-1-0.453-1-1v-22c0-0.547 0.453-1 1-1h8c0.547 0 1 0.453 1 1zM10 3v22c0 0.547-0.453 1-1 1h-8c-0.547 0-1-0.453-1-1v-22c0-0.547 0.453-1 1-1h8c0.547 0 1 0.453 1 1z"></path> 1915</symbol> 1916</defs> 1917</svg> 1918
1918<script>window.w3tc_lazyload=1,window.lazyLoadOptions={elements_selector:".lazy",callback_loaded:function(t){var e;try{e=new CustomEvent("w3tc_lazyload_loaded",{detail:{e:t}})}catch(a){(e=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent("w3tc_lazyload_loaded",!1,!1,{e:t})}window.dispatchEvent(e)}}</script>
1918<script async src="https://plurality.eco/wp-content/plugins/w3-total-cache/pub/js/lazyload.min.js"></script>
1918</body> 1919</html> 1920 1921<!-- 1922Performance optimized by W3 Total Cache. Learn more: https://www.boldgrid.com/w3-total-cache/?utm_source=w3tc&utm_medium=footer_comment&utm_campaign=free_plugin 1923 1924Mise en cache de page à lâaide de Disk: Enhanced 1925Content Delivery Network via N/A 1926Chargement différé 1927 1928Served from: plurality.eco @ 2026-10-09 03:47:10 by W3 Total Cache 1929-->
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.