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So he decides to respond with a military crackdown on the \u201cinconvenient\u201d people. In 1993, Boris Yeltsin sends tanks against opposition parliamentarians. The biggest crisis under Yeltsin\u2019s presidency starts. He may even lose his position. At this time, about 150 people are killed in shootings around parliament buildings and central television. This is becoming the worst civil conflict in Russia since the Russian Revolution in 1917."}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{children:"Later, Yeltsin pushes for constitutional reform that strengthens presidential power through parliament. However, his actions draw criticism of the autocracy."})]})]}))}));function m(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}var f=(0,a.forwardRef)((function(e,t){var n=(0,l.$G)("common").t,r=n("articles.economics-of-crime.title");return(0,i.jsxs)("article",function(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{},r=Object.keys(n);"function"===typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(n).filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,e).enumerable})))),r.forEach((function(t){m(e,t,n[t])}))}return e}({className:"page-text",ref:t},e,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(s.B,{title:r,content:"Eltsine conduit la Russie sur un parcours de th\xe9rapie de choc (sans \xe9tapes interm\xe9diaires d'adaptation) \xe0 une \xe9conomie de march\xe9 libre qui n'est pas pr\xeate pour cela. En cons\xe9quence, le ch\xf4mage augmente dans le pays, la production chute, la criminalit\xe9 est en plein essor et des millions de personnes vivent en dessous du seuil de pauvret\xe9. Dans le m\xeame temps, le cercle restreint de l'\xe9lite politique est incroyablement riche, une base solide est pos\xe9e pour la strate des oligarques russes et la criminalit\xe9 \xe9conomique est florissante. En 1993, les forces d'opposition russes se sont oppos\xe9es \xe0 la politique de Boris Eltsine, qui n'a rien trouv\xe9 de mieux qu'une r\xe9pression militaire contre les 'g\xeanants'. En 1993, Boris Eltsine a envoy\xe9 des chars contre les parlementaires de l'opposition. C'est la plus grande crise sous la pr\xe9sidence d'Eltsine, qui le menace \xe9galement de perdre son emploi. Environ 150 personnes ont \xe9t\xe9 tu\xe9es dans des fusillades autour des b\xe2timents du parlement et de la t\xe9l\xe9vision centrale. Cela devient le pire conflit civil en Russie depuis la r\xe9volution de 1917. Eltsine a ensuite fait pression pour une r\xe9forme constitutionnelle qui a renforc\xe9 le pouvoir pr\xe9sidentiel par le biais du parlement, mais a suscit\xe9 des critiques \xe0 l'\xe9gard de l'autocratie."}),(0,i.jsxs)("div",{className:"page-body",children:[(0,i.jsx)("p",{className:"page-date",children:n("articles.economics-of-crime.date")}),(0,i.jsx)("h1",{children:r}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{className:"large-text",children:"Eltsine conduit la Russie sur un parcours de th\xe9rapie de choc (sans \xe9tapes interm\xe9diaires d'adaptation) \xe0 une \xe9conomie de march\xe9 libre qui n'est pas pr\xeate pour cela. En cons\xe9quence, le ch\xf4mage augmente dans le pays, la production chute, la criminalit\xe9 est en plein essor et des millions de personnes vivent en dessous du seuil de pauvret\xe9. Dans le m\xeame temps, le cercle restreint de l'\xe9lite politique est incroyablement riche, une base solide est pos\xe9e pour la strate des oligarques russes et la criminalit\xe9 \xe9conomique est florissante. En 1993, les forces d'opposition russes se sont oppos\xe9es \xe0 la politique de Boris Eltsine, qui n'a rien trouv\xe9 de mieux qu'une r\xe9pression militaire contre les \"g\xeanants\". En 1993, Boris Eltsine a envoy\xe9 des chars contre les parlementaires de l'opposition. C'est la plus grande crise sous la pr\xe9sidence d'Eltsine, qui le menace \xe9galement de perdre son emploi. Environ 150 personnes ont \xe9t\xe9 tu\xe9es dans des fusillades autour des b\xe2timents du parlement et de la t\xe9l\xe9vision centrale. Cela devient le pire conflit civil en Russie depuis la r\xe9volution de 1917. Eltsine a ensuite fait pression pour une r\xe9forme constitutionnelle qui a renforc\xe9 le pouvoir pr\xe9sidentiel par le biais du parlement, mais a suscit\xe9 des critiques \xe0 l'\xe9gard de l'autocratie."})]})]}))}));function h(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}var b=(0,a.forwardRef)((function(e,t){var n=(0,l.$G)("common").t,r=n("articles.economics-of-crime.title"),a="Pr\xe4sident Jelzin f\xfchrt Russlands Wirtschaft durch einen Kurs der Schocktherapie (ohne Zwischenstufen oder notwendigen Anpassungen) zur freien Marktwirtschaft, wof\xfcr sie zu diesem Zeitpunkt nicht bereit ist. Infolgedessen steigt die Arbeitslosigkeit im Land, die Produktion geht zur\xfcck, die Kriminalit\xe4t boomt und Millionen Menschen leben unterhalb der Armutsgrenze. Zur selben Ze
1it wird ein begrenzter Teil auserw\xe4hlter politischer Elite unglaublich reich. Es wird ein starkes Fundament f\xfcr die Schicht der russischen Oligarchen gelegt und die Wirtschaftskriminalit\xe4t floriert.";return(0,i.jsxs)("article",function(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{},r=Object.keys(n);"function"===typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(n).filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,e).enumerable})))),r.forEach((function(t){h(e,t,n[t])}))}return e}({className:"page-text",ref:t},e,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(s.B,{title:r,content:a}),(0,i.jsxs)("div",{className:"page-body",children:[(0,i.jsx)("p",{className:"page-date",children:n("articles.economics-of-crime.date")}),(0,i.jsx)("h1",{children:r}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{className:"large-text",children:a}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{children:"1993 widersetzen sich russische Oppositionskr\xe4fte Boris Jelzins Politik, die nichts Besseres als ein milit\xe4risches Vorgehen gegen die \u201candersdenkenden\u201d hervorzubringen hat. Boris Jelzin schickt Panzer (!) gegen Parlamentarier der Opposition. Es ist die gr\xf6\xdfte Krise unter seiner Pr\xe4sidentschaft, die ihm beinahe seinen Job kostet. Etwas 150 Menschen werden bei Schie\xdfereien in der N\xe4he von Parlamentsgeb\xe4ude unde dem zentralen Fernsehen get\xf6tet. Dies entwickelt sich zum schlimmsten B\xfcrgerkrieg in Russland seit der Revolution 1917."}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{children:"Sp\xe4ter dr\xe4ngt Jelzin dem Parlament eine Verfassungsreform auf die die Macht des Pr\xe4sidenten st\xe4rkt und ausweitet."})]})]}))}));function g(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}var y=(0,a.forwardRef)((function(e,t){var n=(0,l.$G)("common").t,r=n("articles.economics-of-crime.title"),a="Como presidente, Yeltsin liderava a R\xfassia num curso de terapia de choque (sem etapas intermedi\xe1rias de adapta\xe7\xe3o) para uma economia de mercado livre, que n\xe3o estava preparada para isso.";return(0,i.jsxs)("article",function(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{},r=Object.keys(n);"function"===typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(n).filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,e).enumerable})))),r.forEach((function(t){g(e,t,n[t])}))}return e}({className:"page-text",ref:t},e,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(s.B,{title:r,content:a}),(0,i.jsxs)("div",{className:"page-body",children:[(0,i.jsx)("p",{className:"page-date",children:n("articles.economics-of-crime.date")}),(0,i.jsx)("h1",{children:r}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{className:"large-text",children:a}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{children:'Como resultado, o desemprego explodiu, a produ\xe7\xe3o caiu, a criminalidade come\xe7ou prosperar, e milh\xf5es das pessoas ca\xedram abaixo do linha da pobreza. Ao mesmo tempo, um c\xedrculo limitado da elite pol\xedtica ficaram incrivelmente rico, base solida para camada de oligarcas russos foi criada russos, e a criminalidade econ\xf4mica come\xe7ou a florescer. Em 1993, as for\xe7as de oposi\xe7\xe3o russa se opuseram as pol\xedticas de Borys Yeltsyn, que em resposta n\xe3o decidiu nada melhor do que repres\xe1lias uma repress\xe3o militar aos "inconvenientes". Em 1993, Borys Yeltsyn enviou tanques contra parlamentares da oposi\xe7\xe3o. Esta \xe9 a maior crise da presid\xeancia de Yeltsin, que tamb\xe9m o amea\xe7a de perder o cargo. Cerca de 150 pessoas foram mortas em tiroteios \xe0 volta dos edif\xedcios de parlamento e televis\xe3o central.. Este \xe9 o pior conflito civil na R\xfassia desde revolu\xe7\xe3o do 1917.'}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{children:"Mais tarde, Yeltsin for\xe7ou uma reforma constitucional que refor\xe7ou o poder presidencial atrav\xe9s do parlamento, mas provocou cr\xedticas da autocracia."})]})]}))}));function j(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}var v=(0,a.forwardRef)((function(e,t){var n=(0,l.$G)("common").t,r=n("articles.economics-of-crime.title"),a="Borys Jelcyn sprawowa\u0142 urz\u0105d prezydenta w czasach terapii szokowej, jak\u0105\n okaza\u0142a si\u0119 transformacja wolnorynkowa dla ekonomii Rosji, kt\xf3ra nigdy\n wcze\u015bniej nie by\u0142a cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 gospodarki \u015bwiatowej.";return(0,i.jsxs)("article",function(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{},r=Object.keys(n);"function"===typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(n).filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,e).enumerable})))),r.forEach((function(t){j(e,t,n[t])}))}return e}({className:"page-text",ref:t},e,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(s.B,{title:r,content:a}),(0,i.jsxs)("div",{className:"page-body",children:[(0,i.jsx)("p",{className:"page-date",children:n("articles.economics-of-crime.date")}),(0,i.jsx)("h1",{children:r}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{className:"large-text",children:a}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{children:"W kraju ros\u0142o bezrobocie, spada\u0142a produkcja, kwit\u0142a przest\u
10119pczo\u015b\u0107, a miliony ludzi \u017cy\u0142o poni\u017cej progu ub\xf3stwa. W tym samym czasie, w\u0105ski kr\u0105g politycznych elit dorobi\u0142 si\u0119 gigantycznych maj\u0105tk\xf3w; byli to pierwsi rosyjscy oligarchowie. Rosja sta\u0142a si\u0119 \u201egospodark\u0105 przest\u0119pcz\u0105\u201d."}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{children:"Na prze\u0142omie wrze\u015bnia i pa\u017adziernika 1993 roku, opozycja w Rosji zjednoczy\u0142a si\u0119 w prote\u015bcie przeciwko polityce Jelcyna. \u201eNiewygodni\u201d pos\u0142owie zabarykadowali si\u0119 w budynku Rady Najwy\u017cszej; prezydent rozkaza\u0142 armii si\u0142owe odblokowanie parlametu. 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Al mismo tiempo, el c\xedrculo limitado de la \xe9lite pol\xedtica era incre\xedblemente rico, se estaba sentando una base s\xf3lida para el estrato de los oligarcas rusos y el crimen econ\xf3mico estaba floreciendo."}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{children:'En 1993, las fuerzas de la oposici\xf3n rusa se opusieron a las pol\xedticas de Bor\xeds Yeltsin, que no consigui\xf3 nada mejor que una represi\xf3n militar de los "inconvenientes". En 1993, Bor\xeds Yeltsin envi\xf3 tanques contra los parlamentarios de la oposici\xf3n. Era la mayor crisis bajo la presidencia de Yeltsin, que tambi\xe9n lo amenazaba con perder su cargo. Alrededor de 150 personas murieron en tiroteos cerca de los edificios del parlamento y la televisi\xf3n central. Se convirti\xf3 en el peor conflicto civil en Rusia desde la revoluci\xf3n.'}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{children:"Yeltsin luego impuls\xf3 una reforma constitucional que fortaleci\xf3 el poder presidencial a trav\xe9s del parlamento, pero gener\xf3 cr\xedticas a la autocracia."})]})]}))}));function k(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}var O=(0,a.forwardRef)((function(e,t){var n=(0,l.$G)("common").t,r=n("articles.economics-of-crime.title"),a="Jelcyn eln\xf6kk\xe9nt a sokkter\xe1pia sor\xe1n vezeti Oroszorsz\xe1got (k\xf6ztes alkalmazkod\xe1si szakaszok n\xe9lk\xfcl) a szabad piacgazdas\xe1g fel\xe9, amely m\xe9g nem \xe1ll k\xe9szen erre.";return(0,i.jsxs)("article",function(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var n=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{},r=Object.keys(n);"function"===typeof Object.getOwnPropertySymbols&&(r=r.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(n).filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n,e).enumerable})))),r.forEach((function(t){k(e,t,n[t])}))}return e}({className:"page-text",ref:t},e,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(s.B,{title:r,content:a}),(0,i.jsxs)("div",{className:"page-body",children:[(0,i.jsx)("p",{className:"page-date",children:n("articles.economics-of-crime.date")}),(0,i.jsx)("h1",{children:r}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{className:"large-text",children:a}),(0,i.jsx)("p",{children:"Ennek eredm\xe9nyek\xe9nt az orsz\xe1gban robban\xe1sszer\u0171en n\u0151 a munkan\xe9lk\xfclis\xe9g, cs\xf6kken a termel\xe9s, vir\xe1gzik a b\u0171n\xf6z\xe9s, \xe9s emberek milli\xf3i a szeg\xe9nys\xe9gi k\xfcsz\xf6b alatt tal\xe1lj\xe1k magukat. 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