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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"Hilda Consuelo Zamora Maldonado, Ph.D. in Sustainability Sciences, is a postdoctoral researcher at the Competitive Intelligence and Public Policy for Sustainable Manufacturing Unit of Tecnológico de Monterrey. Her research centers on resilience within socio-ecological-technological systems as they relate to sustainability. She specializes in the development of dynamic models to analyze the interplay between natural resources, technology, economic growth, and sustainability.\n\nThroughout her career, she has collaborated on various consulting and research projects funded by international organizations such as the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank, alongside Mexican institutions like UNAM and Tec de Monterrey. Since 2020, she has taught undergraduate courses at Tecnológico de Monterrey, with a focus on systems thinking and the development of numerical simulation models for policy analysis and decision-making. Her applied research has been instrumental in shaping public policies related to technological transitions and adoption. She has also published in international, peer-reviewed journals."])</script>
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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"The mitigation scenario depicts the trajectory of no-till crop adoption in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario with proactive emissions mitigation policies. The graph shows a significant and consistent increase in the fraction of crop area under no-till farming, with adoption rates rising sharply over time. This steep upward trend indicates that the implementation of mitigation policies could be effective in promoting and expanding no-till practices across various crop types. It is important the implementation of comprehensive strategies, such as financial incentives, farmer training programs, and access to no-till equipment, to encourage widespread uptake. By supporting the transition to no-till agriculture, these policies help reduce soil disturbance, enhance carbon sequestration, and lower greenhouse gas emissions, aligning agricultural practices with the countryâs climate goals. A substantial growth in no-till farming shown in the graph have the potential of maximizing both environmental and economic benefits, contributing to the sustainability and resilience of Mexico's agricultural sector."])</script>
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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"The mitigation scenario illustrates the trajectory of food losses in Mexicoâs agriculture sector from 2022 to 2050 under mitigation policies in place. The graph shows a steady and consistent decline in the percentage of food losses, dropping from approximately 0.26 in 2022 to around 0.10 by 2050. This downward trend indicates that effective policies and strategies have the potential to reduce food waste over time. Investing in improvements such as enhanced storage facilities, efficient transport systems, and better post-harvest handling practices, have the potential to minimize spoilage and ensure that more agricultural produce reaches consumers, contributing to both emission reductions and food security. To get a consistent decline, it's necessary a proactive approach that addresses inefficiencies in the agricultural supply chain, leading to environmental, economic, and social benefits. This scenario shows that targeted policies can effectively reduce waste, lower emissions, and enhance the sustainability of the agricultural sector in Mexico."])</script>
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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"Mexico's socioeconomic development, shaped by urbanization and rural shifts, plays a pivotal role in the country's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trajectory. The socioeconomic sector is categorized into general and economic subsectors, which guide variables like GDP and population growth that influence emission patterns across urban and rural settings. Cities such as Mexico City, Monterrey, and Guadalajara have experienced rapid population growth due to rural-to-urban migration, leading to higher emissions from increased energy demand, transportation, and industrial activity. In contrast, rural areas contribute primarily through agriculture, land use changes, and deforestation, though their per capita emissions remain lower. From 1990 to 2022, urbanization has markedly increased COâ emissions, driven by infrastructure expansion and industrialization, with projections indicating further emission growth through 2070 as urban populations rise. While Mexico's climate policy aims for a 35% reduction by 2030, ongoing emissions highlight the urgent need for sustainable strategies across urban and rural sectors."])</script>
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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"Mexico's Long-term Strategies (LTS) proposes to achieve a 50% reduction in emissions from 2000 levels by 2050. The strategy aligns various sectors such as land-use planning, urban development, sustainable buildings, energy, transport, waste management, and water policies. One review of this LTS identifies weaknesses, including the lack of a net-zero target and the need for more specific mitigation and adaptation actions (Climate Action Tracker, 2022b). Our analysis complements Mexico's LTS by providing insights on how to combine transformations across the economy to achieve carbon neutrality. While traditional development aligns with the Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario in Mexico's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), each transformation category contributes toward the 35% emissions reduction target outlined in the NDC. However, no single category can achieve net-zero emissions independently by 2050. If Mexico decided to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, a more comprehensive approach closer to all actions would be needed."])</script>
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1<script>self.__next_f.push([1,"To mitigate emissions, Mexicoâs NDC plans to implement several transformations across sectors. In the electricity and heat sector, the country has established a support scheme for renewables, focused on grid infrastructure development, explored non-renewable low-carbon alternatives, and it has implemented a carbon pricing scheme in industry. In agriculture and forestry, Mexico provides incentives to reduce deforestation, enhance afforestation and reforestation efforts, promotes sustainable agricultural practices, and sets sustainability standards for biomass use. Meanwhile the industry sector supports energy efficiency, incentives to reduce methane emissions from fuel exploration and production, and performance and equipment standardsâ implementation. The transport sector focuses on low-emissions transportation, support for energy-efficient vehicles, implementing a tax on fuel and/or emissions, and modal share switch. In the buildings sector, Mexico plans to implement policies to incentivize highly efficient appliances, performance, and equipment standards, building codes, and highly efficient construction."])</script>
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1ater and energy sectors, developing new simulation models and assisting stakeholders in decision-making processes. He is the project leader in two of Conacyt's Energy Knowledge Networks and is the lead developer of Conacyt's Data Driven Decision Analysis Environment (3D-AE). He teaches courses on systems modeling and advanced simulation techniques.\\n\\nPrior to his doctorate, Dr. Molina received an M.S. in Engineering and Policy Analysis from Delft University of Technology and a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.\"},\"drjamessyme\":{\"name\":\"Phd. James Syme\",\"role\":\"Research Professor\",\"location\":\"Decision Science\",\"semblanza\":\"Dr. James Syme (Ph.D. in Policy Analysis) is an assistant research professor at Tecnológico de Monterrey and the modeling director for SISEPUEDE. His research focuses on decarbonization strategies, complexity theory, and network interventions. Dr. Syme has extensive experience applying decision-making under deep uncertainty (DMDU) methodologies to climate change, water management, and transportation projects. In this project, Dr. Syme will lead the modeling efforts, ensuring the SISEPUEDE model is calibrated and refined for each of the 170 countries, and will oversee the integration of the machine learning algorithms with the high-performance computing infrastructure.\"},\"hermilocortes\":{\"name\":\"M.S. Hermilo Cortés González\",\"role\":\"Research Assistant\",\"location\":\"Decision Science\",\"semblanza\":\"Hermilo Cortés González (M.S. in Computer Science and Engineering) is an associate researcher at the Decision Science Initiative of the School of Government at Tecnológico de Monterrey. He has a strong background in high-performance computing and robust climate policy analysis, having completed his thesis on identifying robust climate policies under uncertainty. 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Throughout his career, he has held prominent roles, including serving as an economist at Banco de México and as a visiting professor at Trinity University in the U.S., where he was also a Fulbright Scholar. His research areas include international economics, economic growth, regional economics, and applied time-series econometrics. Among his many accolades is the 2019 Regional Science Policy and Practice Annual Paper Award, and he is a Level III member of Mexico's National System of Researchers.\"},\"carlaperez\":{\"name\":\"Dra. Carla C. Pérez-Hernández\",\"role\":\"Researcher\",\"location\":\"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo\",\"semblanza\":\"Carla Pérez holds a Ph.D. in Economic Sciences and Management from Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. She has a Post-Doc on Economic Complexity from ICEA-UAEH. She is a full-time professor at Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNII-1) in Mexico. She was a fellow of the International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (IRSES) â âMarie Curieâ program of the European Commission. Among her projects, she has been a member of the research hub linked to the Ministry of Economy (SE) through the national project DataMéxico 2019-2023. Recently, in 2024, she is collaborating as a project leader on a research study about Green Economy and Complexity in Southern Cone countries, with financial support from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Her research areas include: economic complexity, business innovation, technological capabilities, and green economy.\"},\"maria_guadalupe\":{\"name\":\"Mtra. MarÃa Guadalupe Montiel\",\"role\":\"Research Professor\",\"location\":\"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo\",\"semblanza\":\"MarÃa Guadalupe Montiel Hernández is a PhD Fellow in Economic Sciences and Management holds a Master's degree in Administration from the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. 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It provides insights into industry trends and opportunities for reducing carbon emissions.\"},\"about\":{\"title\":\"About us\",\"description\":{\"p1\":\"We are the applied research node for the analysis, design, and evaluation of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\",\"p2\":\"We are a multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers, and professionals with experience in the public and private sectors. We are committed to the development of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\",\"p3\":\"We are a multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers, and professionals with experience in the public and private sectors. We are committed to the development of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\"}},\"sources\":{\"title\":\"Fuentes de Datos\",\"description\":{\"p1\":\"We are the applied research node for the analysis, design, and evaluation of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\",\"p2\":\"We are a multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers, and professionals with experience in the public and private sectors. We are committed to the development of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\",\"p3\":\"We are a multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers, and professionals with experience in the public and private sectors. We are committed to the development of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\"}},\"glossary\":{\"title\":\"Glosario\",\"description\":{\"p1\":\"We are the applied research node for the analysis, design, and evaluation of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\",\"p2\":\"We are a multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers, and professionals with experience in the public and private sectors. We are committed to the development of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\",\"p3\":\"We are a multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers, and professionals with experience in the public and private sectors. We are committed to the development of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\"}},\"citation\":{\"title\":\"Citación\",\"description\":{\"p1\":\"We are the applied research node for the analysis, design, and evaluation of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\",\"p2\":\"We are a multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers, and professionals with experience in the public and private sectors. We are committed to the development of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\",\"p3\":\"We are a multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers, and professionals with experience in the public and private sectors. We are committed to the development of technological and industrial strategies that promote decarbonization and sustainable growth in Mexico.\"}}},\"ContactPage\":{\"title\":\"Contact us\",\"description\":\"Have questions, suggestions, or need assistance? We're here to help.\",\"send_msg\":\"Send us a message\",\"buttons\":{\"submit\":\"Submit\"},\"msg\":{\"success\":\"Your message has been sent successfully.\",\"error\":\"An error occurred while sending your message. Please try again later.\"},\"labels\":{\"email\":\"Email\",\"phone\":\"Phone\",\"address\":\"Address\"},\"info\":{\"email\":\"[email protected]\",\"phone\":\"+52 55 1234 5678\",\"address\":\"Av. Garza Sada, Monterrey, Mexico\"}},\"AppliedPage\":{\"title\":\"Applied research\",\"filters\":{\"search\":\"Write the name of the article\",\"topics\":{\"all\":\"All\",\"energy\":\"Energy\",\"technology\":\"Technology\",\"space\":\"Space\",\"environment\":\"Environment\",\"healthcare\":\"Healthcare\",\"innovation\":\"Innovation\"}},\"articles\":\"Articles\",\"more\":\"Read more\"},\"ProjectsPage\":{\"title\":\"Research Projects\",\"filters\":{\"topics\":{\"all\":\"All\",\"energy\":\"Energy\",\"technology\":\"Technology\",\"space\":\"Space\",\"environment\":\"Environment\",\"healthcare\":\"Healthcare\",\"innovation\":\"Innovation\"}},\"more\":\"Read more\"},\"DecarbonizationPage\":{\"title\":\"Decarbonization routes\",\"description\":\"Explore the decarbonization routes for Mexico's manufacturing industries.\",\"introduction\":\"Introduction\",\"agriculture\":{\"title\":\"Decarbonization routes in agriculture\",\"description\":\"The agriculture sector plays a pivotal role in Mexico's economy, but it is also a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.\",\"introduction\":{\"text1\":\"This section focuses on the trajectory of agricultural soil management in Mexico from 2022 to 2050, highlighting the impact of emissions mitigation policies, particularly in reducing the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers like urea and lime. Without targeted policies, conventional fertilizer application methods persist, leading to increased emissions of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide, contributing to environmental degradation and long-term soil health issues. However, with effective policy interventions aimed at achieving net-zero emissions, Mexico could successfully reduce its reliance on synthetic fertilizers, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and enhancing overall soil health.\",\"text2\":\"Mitigation strategies include the adoption of precision agriculture technologies, which utilize GPS, soil sensors, and data analytics to apply nutrients efficie
1ntly, minimizing waste and reducing emissions. Additionally, the promotion of organic and bio-fertilizers, crop rotation with legumes, and cover cropping help naturally enrich the soil, reducing the need for synthetic inputs. Soil testing and integrated nutrient management (INM) provide farmers with data-driven approaches to optimize nutrient application, while government incentives and subsidies support the transition to sustainable practices.\"},\"land_use\":{\"title\":\"Land Use\",\"drivers_land_use_alloc\":{\"title\":\"Land use allocation\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario shows the projected land use distribution in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a baseline scenario where no additional actions or policy measures are implemented for mitigating emissions. The graph depicts various land use categories as a percentage of the total area, and it highlights the impacts of maintaining the status quo without specific mitigation efforts.\",\"text2\":\"Without actions and policies for emission mitigation, Mexicoâs land use distribution trends indicate an ongoing expansion of agricultural land at the expense of forest and grassland ecosystems. This situation is likely to lead to continued deforestation, land degradation, and loss of biodiversity, reducing the country's ability to sequester carbon effectively. Achieving emission reduction targets would be challenging without efforts to halt deforestation, restore degraded lands, and manage agricultural expansion sustainably.\",\"text3\":\"The mitigation scenario suggests that by aligning land use strategies with mitigation goalsâ focusing on forest conservation and restoration, sustainable agriculture, wetland and grassland protection, and controlled urban expansionâMexico can enhance its resilience to climate change while meeting its emission reduction targets. Then, several critical actions are needed to optimize carbon sequestration and reduce emissions, while maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services:\",\"list1\":{\"title\":\"Increase Forest Coverage and Protection (Primary and Secondary Forests):\",\"item1\":\"Stabilize and Expand Forested Areas: The graph shows a slight decline in primary forest coverage, which is concerning for mitigation. Mexico should implement policies aimed at protecting existing primary forests from deforestation and degradation. This can be done through enhanced monitoring, strict law enforcement, and incentives for communities to engage in sustainable forestry practices.\",\"item2\":\"Promote Reforestation and Afforestation Programs: Expanding secondary forests by planting native species and restoring degraded lands will increase carbon sequestration capacity. This is essential for offsetting emissions and meeting mitigation targets.\"},\"list2\":{\"title\":\"Control and Optimize Agricultural Expansion (Croplands):\",\"item1\":\"Sustainable Agriculture Practices: The slight increase in cropland area indicates agricultural expansion. To mitigate emissions, Mexico should focus on sustainable agricultural practices that maximize yield without expanding the land area, such as agroforestry, precision farming, and regenerative agriculture.\",\"item2\":\"Land-Use Zoning and Planning: Implement zoning regulations to prevent further encroachment of agriculture into critical ecosystems like primary forests and wetlands. Land use planning should be aligned with climate goals to ensure agricultural activities do not compromise conservation areas.\"},\"list3\":{\"title\":\"Conserve and Restore Grasslands:\",\"item1\":\"Grassland Management Programs: Since the graph shows a decline in grasslands, Mexico needs to implement management strategies that protect these areas from conversion to croplands or urban developments. Sustainable grazing practices and ecosystem restoration projects can help maintain and restore grassland ecosystems, which are important carbon sinks.\"},\"list4\":{\"title\":\"Wetlands and Mangrove Conservation:\",\"item1\":\"Protect and Expand Wetland Areas: Wetlands, including mangroves, play a crucial role in carbon storage and biodiversity. The stability shown in the graph is promising, but Mexico should continue to invest in the protection and, where possible, the expansion of these ecosystems through restoration projects and the creation of protected areas. This will also contribute to coastal resilience against sea-level rise and extreme weather events.\",\"
1item2\":\"Promote Blue Carbon Projects: Investing in blue carbon projectsâcarbon sequestration efforts in coastal and marine ecosystemsâwill be essential for leveraging the carbon storage potential of mangroves and wetlands.\"},\"list5\":{\"title\":\"Manage Urban and Settlement Expansion:\",\"item1\":\"Sustainable Urban Planning: To maintain the stability of settlement areas as seen in the graph, Mexico should promote compact, sustainable urban development that reduces the pressure on surrounding natural ecosystems. Green infrastructure and sustainable building practices can help reduce emissions from urban growth.\",\"item2\":\"Develop Green Corridors: Integrate green corridors within urban areas to connect fragmented ecosystems, allowing for wildlife movement and enhancing biodiversity while contributing to carbon absorption.\"},\"list6\":{\"title\":\"Monitoring and Adaptive Management:\",\"item1\":\"Climate-Responsive Policies: Mexico must implement robust monitoring systems to track changes in land use and ecosystem health, ensuring adaptive management strategies can be applied in response to emerging threats or opportunities for mitigation. This includes using satellite imagery, community-based monitoring, and advanced modeling tools.\"}}},\"crops\":{\"title\":\"Crops\",\"drivers_crop_demand\":{\"title\":\"Crop demand\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario illustrates the projected crop demand in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 where no additional actions or policy measures are implemented for emissions mitigation. The graph shows different crop categories, with the total demand increasing steadily over time. This scenario indicates that crop demand in Mexico is projected to increase significantly across most categories by 2050. Without policies for emissions mitigation or sustainable agricultural practices, this increased demand will likely lead to expanded cultivation areas, putting pressure on natural ecosystems like forests and grasslands. This trend could exacerbate land degradation, deforestation, and water resource depletion, contributing to higher greenhouse gas emissions and threatening Mexicoâs ability to meet its climate goals. To counter these risks, Mexico would need to implement agricultural policies that focus on sustainable intensification, water management, and crop diversification aligned with climate mitigation objectives.\",\"text2\":\"The mitigation scenario shows the crop demand projection in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a mitigation scenario, where policies and strategies are implemented to manage and optimize agricultural practices to align with emission reduction targets.\",\"text3\":\"This scenario balances crop demand growth with mitigation strategies from 2022 to 2050. The controlled increase in demand across various categories highlights efforts to adopt sustainable intensification techniques, efficient water use, and agroecological methods, aiming to reduce emissions while enhancing resilience to climate impacts. This approach ensures that agricultural expansion is minimized, protecting ecosystems and contributing to Mexicoâs overall mitigation targets.\",\"list1\":{\"title\":\"Overall Crop Demand Growth:\",\"item1\":\"The mitigation scenario shows a more gradual and controlled increase in total crop demand compared to an unmitigated scenario. This indicates that mitigation policies could be effective in managing the expansion of agricultural activities, ensuring that the demand is met without significantly expanding agricultural land or intensifying emissions.\",\"item2\":\"The flatter slope in crop demand growth reflects efforts to increase yield efficiency and adopt practices that require less land, helping to stabilize and even reduce pressure on natural ecosystems.\"},\"list2\":{\"title\":\"Specific Crop Categories and Adjustments:\",\"list1\":{\"title\":\"Cereals (orange):\",\"item1\":\"The demand for cereals continues to grow but at a slower rate compared to the no-mitigation scenario. This suggests the implementation of sustainable intensification practices, such as improved crop varieties, precision agriculture, and optimized fertilization methods that increase productivity per hectare without requiring more land. The focus might also be on reducing emissions from cereal production by incorporating practices like no-till farming and cover cropping.\"},\"list2\":{\"title\":\"Sugar Cane (light blue):\",\"item1\":\"The demand for sugar cane shows moderate growth, indicating that Mexico has likely adopted more water-efficient practices and sustainable farming techniques, such as drip irrigation and efficie
1nt fertilization. This could also involve integrating sugar cane cultivation within agroforestry systems to maximize carbon sequestration while meeting demand.\"},\"list3\":{\"title\":\"Rice (blue):\",\"item1\":\"The rice demand increases only slightly, demonstrating the effect of implementing methane reduction strategies such as alternate wetting and drying (AWD) techniques. The controlled growth also indicates a shift toward more sustainable rice varieties or improved cultivation practices that minimize emissions.\"},\"list4\":{\"title\":\"Fruits (yellow):\",\"item1\":\"Fruit demand remains steady but does not spike as sharply as it might in a business-as-usual scenario. This stabilization suggests the use of agroecological approaches, such as promoting fruit tree cultivation in agroforestry systems or integrating fruit production within urban and peri-urban areas to minimize land expansion and reduce transportation emissions.\"},\"list5\":{\"title\":\"Vegetables and Vines (light green):\",\"item1\":\"There is moderate growth in the demand for vegetables and vines. This controlled increase reflects an emphasis on sustainable vegetable production methods, such as hydroponics, vertical farming, and efficient use of water and nutrients. These methods help minimize the carbon footprint associated with these crops while meeting demand.\"}},\"list3\":{\"title\":\"Perennial Crops and Tubers:\",\"list1\":{\"title\":\"Perennial Crops (e.g., Herbs, Woody Perennials):\",\"item1\":\"The demand for perennial crops shows stability, suggesting that Mexico might be encouraging agroforestry systems and mixed-cropping strategies that enhance biodiversity and carbon sequestration while avoiding the expansion into forested areas.\"},\"list2\":{\"title\":\"Tubers (yellow-green):\",\"item1\":\"he growth in tuber demand is gradual, showing that soil conservation techniques and efficient water management systems are likely in place to minimize soil erosion and maintain soil health. These strategies help produce tubers sustainably, aligning with mitigation efforts.\"}},\"list4\":{\"title\":\"Integration of Climate-Smart Agriculture:\",\"list1\":{\"title\":\"The overall distribution of crop categories and the controlled growth rates reflect the implementation of climate-smart agriculture. This approach involves:\",\"item1\":\"Diversification: Encouraging crop diversification to increase resilience and reduce dependence on single-crop systems that are more vulnerable to climate variability.\",\"item2\":\"Efficient Land Use: Maximizing production in existing agricultural areas rather than expanding into natural ecosystems like forests and wetlands.\",\"item3\":\"Reduced Emissions: Incorporating low-emission practices such as precision agriculture, efficient irrigation, and the use of organic fertilizers to reduce the overall greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture.\"}},\"list5\":{\"title\":\"Sustainability Indicators:\",\"item1\":\"The relatively stable and slower increase in demand for water-intensive and high-emission crops (such as rice and sugar cane) indicates that Mexico could prioritize water management and emission reduction. This is essential in regions prone to drought or with limited water availability, aligning crop choices and management practices with climate resilience.\",\"item2\":\"The emphasis on perennials and integrated farming systems in the graph suggests a shift toward sustainable land management that supports long-term carbon storage while also meeting agricultural production goals.\"}},\"drivers_crop_export\":{\"title\":\"Crop exports\"},\"drivers_crop_import\":{\"title\":\"Crop imports\"}},\"productivity\":{\"title\":\"Productivity\",\"drivers_agricultural_productivity\":{\"title\":\"Agricultural productivity\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario shows that the agricultural productivity remains relatively stable across all crop categories, with minimal growth from 2022 to 2050. This stagnation suggests that without targeted policies or technological improvements, yields do not increase significantly, indicating limited progress in improving farming efficiency and adapting to changing environmental conditions.\",\"text2\":\"The mitigation scenario illustrates the projected agricultural productivity in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario with policies explicitly aimed at achieving zero emissions. This image shows a clear, positive trend in crop yields across various categories, reflecting the impact of sustainable agricultural practices and technological improvements designed to increase productivity while aligning with emission reduction goal. This scenario shows a steady and substantial increase in yields across all crop categories from 2022 to 2050. The increase in yields suggests that the focus is on maximizing output per hectare of land rather than expanding agricultural areas, which would help minimize emissions associated with deforestation and land- use change.\",\"text3\":\"By focusing on sustainable practices, technological advancement, and resilience building, Mexico can boosts yields across all crop categories while aligning agricultural practices with climate goals. This approach not only n
1as the potential to enhance food security but also contributes to emission reduction efforts, demonstrating the potential for a sustainable and productive agricultural sector in Mexico's future.\"}},\"no_till\":{\"title\":\"No till\",\"drivers_no_till_crop_fraction\":{\"title\":\"No till crop fraction\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario illustrates the trajectory of no-till crop adoption in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario without emissions mitigation policies. The graph shows that the fraction of crop area utilizing no-till farming remains extremely low throughout the period, with only minimal increases over time. This slow and modest growth indicates that, without targeted policies or incentives, the adoption of no-till practices is very limited. As a result, the potential environmental benefits of no-till farmingâsuch as improved soil carbon sequestration, reduced soil erosion, and lower greenhouse gas emissionsâare not fully realized. This scenario suggests that without proactive strategies, the impact of no-till practices on emission reduction and soil health remains largely untapped in Mexicoâs agricultural sector.\",\"text2\":\"$15\"}},\"food_losses\":{\"title\":\"Losses\",\"drivers_food_losses\":{\"title\":\"Food losses\",\"text1\":\"Baseline scenario shows the trajectory of food losses in Mexicoâs agriculture sector from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario without emissions mitigation policies. The percentage of food losses remains constant at around 0.26 throughout the entire period, indicating no significant progress or reduction in waste. This stagnant trend suggests that, in the absence of targeted policies and interventions, the agricultural sector continues to face inefficiencies related to food handling, storage, and distribution.\",\"text2\":\"Without support or investment in infrastructure improvements, training, or technology, these persistent losses reflect ongoing challenges in reducing spoilage and waste. As a result, the environmental and economic impacts of food waste remain unaddressed, leading to unnecessary emissions and missed opportunities for improving food security and agricultural efficiency in Mexico.\",\"text3\":\"$16\"},\"drivers_residues_burned\":{\"title\":\"Residues burned\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario illustrates the trajectory of residues burned in agriculture in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario without emissions mitigation policies. The percentage of agricultural residues burned remains constant at approximately 0.05 throughout the entire period, indicating no progress in reducing this practice. The stable trend suggests that without targeted policies or incentives, farmers continue to rely on traditional residue management methods, such as burning, due to its simplicity and cost- effectiveness. As a result, the environmental and emissions impact remains high, with greenhouse gases and air pollutants consistently released into the atmosphere. This scenario highlights the lack of initiatives to promote alternative, sustainable residue management practices, leaving the agricultural sector dependent on an unsustainable and emissions-intensive approach.\",\"text2\":\"The mitigation scenario illustrates the trajectory of residues burned in agriculture in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario with emissions mitigation policies in place. The graph shows a steady decline in the percentage of residues burned, dropping from approximately 0.05 in 2022 to near zero by 2050. This consistent downward trend indicates the potential of mitigation policies aimed at reducing agricultural burning practices.\",\"text3\":\"The decline is achievable by implementing effective strategies, such as promoting alternative residue management methods like mulching, composting, or converting residues into bioenergy.\",\"text4\":\"These policies likely provide support and incentives to farmers, helping them transition away from burning. As a result, the reduction in residues burned contributes directly to lower greenhouse gas emissions, improved air quality, and a more sustainable agricultural sector. This scenario highlights how targeted policies can lead to significant environmental and economic benefits by transforming traditional practices into more sustainable, low-emission alternatives.\"}},\"fertilizer_use\":{\"title\":\"Fertilizer use\",\"drivers_fertilizer_n_use\":{\"title\":\"Total fertilizer N use\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario shows the trajectory of nitrogen fertilizer use in soil management in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario without emissions mitigation policies. The graph depicts a relatively stable trend, with fertilizer use starting at around 500 kilotonnes and gradually increasing to slightly over 550 kilotonnes by 2050.\",\"text2\":\"This slight upward trajectory indicates that, in the absence of targeted policies, conventional fertilizer application practices remain unchanged. Farmers likely continue to rely on traditional methods that do not optimize nitrogen usage, leading to a steady increase in fertilizer application over time. Without efforts to improve efficiency, emissions associated with nitrogen fertilizer use, such as nitrous oxide, may also rise, contributing to environmental impacts like soil degradation and nutrient runoff. This scenario highlights the need for policy interventions to promote more sustainable and efficie
1nt fertilizer management practices.\",\"text3\":\"The mitigation scenario illustrates the trajectory of nitrogen fertilizer use in soil management in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario with emissions mitigation policies aimed at achieving net zero. The graph shows an initial increase in nitrogen use, peaking around 2035 at approximately 580-600 kilotonnes. After this peak, fertilizer use gradually declines and stabilizes near 550 kilotonnes by 2050.\",\"text4\":\"This pattern suggests that Mexico's emissions mitigation policies initially could be focused on enhancing agricultural productivity, which may lead to a temporary rise in nitrogen use. However, as the policies take effect, they promote more efficient and sustainable practices, such as precision agriculture, soil testing, and the adoption of organic or alternative fertilizers. These efforts successfully reduce nitrogen application over time, aligning agricultural practices with climate goals and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, such as nitrous oxide.\",\"text5\":\"The decline in fertilizer use after the peak reflects the impact of a strategy focused on optimizing nutrient application, improving soil health, and minimizing environmental impacts.This trajectory highlights the effectiveness of targeted policies that balance the need for agricultural productivity with sustainable, low-emission practices, thereby supporting both the resilience of the agricultural sector and Mexicoâs broader environmental commitments.\"},\"drivers_fertilizer_lime_use\":{\"title\":\"Total lime use\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario illustrates the trajectory of lime use in soil management in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario without emissions mitigation policies. The graph shows a relatively stable trend, with lime application starting at around 20 kilotonnes, dipping slightly, and then gradually increasing to just over 22 kilotonnes by 2050.\",\"text2\":\"This slight upward trend indicates that, in the absence of targeted policies, conventional lime application practices continue without significant changes or improvements. Farmers likely maintain traditional soil management methods that do not prioritize optimizing lime use or exploring alternative solutions. As a result, the emissions associated with lime application, such as carbon dioxide release, may remain consistent or increase slightly over time. This scenario underscores the need for policy interventions to promote more efficient and sustainable soil management practices to reduce emissions and enhance long-term soil health.\",\"text3\":\"The mitigation scenario illustrates the trajectory of lime use in soil management in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario with emissions mitigation policies aimed at achieving net- zero emissions. This scenario suggests as a strategy, a steady decline in lime application, starting at around 20 kilotonnes in 2022 and gradually decreasing to approximately 10 kilotonnes by 2050.\",\"text4\":\"This downward trend suggests how mitigation policies can reduce the reliance on lime use in soil management. To achieve this goal, Mexico could implement practices such as precision lime application, soil testing, and the use of alternative methods to manage soil acidity. By minimizing lime use, these policies could help reduce carbon dioxide emissions associated with lime breakdown in the soil, aligning agricultural practices with climate goals. This scenario highlights the integration of sustainable soil management strategies that enhance environmental performance while supporting long-term agricultural productivity and resilience.\"},\"drivers_fertilizer_urea_use\":{\"title\":\"Total urea use\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario illustrates the trajectory of urea use in soil management in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario without emissions mitigation policies. The graph shows that urea application initially dips but then steadily increases over time, starting at around 35 kilotonnes in 2022 and rising sharply to over 80 kilotonnes by 2050.\",\"text2\":\"This upward trend indicates that, in the absence of targeted policies, conventional practices persist, and farmers continue to increase urea use to maintain or boost crop yields. The growth in application suggests that there is no regulation or strategy in place to optimize or reduce urea use, leading to higher emissions, particularly of nitrous oxideâa potent greenhouse gas. This scenario underscores the need for policy interventions to promote more sustainable fertilizer management practices, reduce emissions, and protect long-term soil health.\",\"text3\":\"The mitigation scenario illustrates the trajectory of urea use in soil management in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario with emissions mitigation policies aimed at achieving net- zero emissions. In order to achieve the net zero goal, this scenario suggests a dramatic decline in urea application, starting at around 35 kilotonnes in 2022 and rapidly decreasing to near zero by 2030, maintaining minimal levels through to 2050.\",\"text4\":\"This sharp decrease reflects the implementation of emissions mitigation policies that focus on reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers. It suggests that Mexico could adopt sustainable practices such as: precision agriculture, organic and bio-fertilizers, crop rotation, and cover cropping, which optimize nutrient use and enhance soil health. Soil testing and integrated nutrient management (INM) are promoted to tailor and balance nutrient application, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizers. Additionally, government incentives and subsidies support the adoption of these sustainable practices. These measures collectively minimize emissions associated with urea, align agricultural practices with climate targets, and ensure long-term productivity and resilience in Mexicoâs agricultural sector.\"}}},\"livestock\":{\"title\":\"Decarbonization routes in livestock\",\"description\":\"The livestock sector plays a pivotal role in Mexico's economy, but it is also a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.\",\"introduction\":{\"text1\":\"In Mexico, livestock manure management is a significant aspect of agricultural practices, with substantial implications for greenhouse gas emissions and environmental sustainability. The sector heavily relies on traditional methods, which dominate manure management systems across the country. As highlighted in baseline scenario, these practices remain largely unchanged without targeted emissions reduction policies, leading to minimal adoption of sustainable methods from 2022 to 2050.\",\"text2\":\"A significant portion, approximately 60%, of manure is unmanaged in pasture/range/paddock systems, where it is deposited directly on the land as animals graze. This reflects the extensive livestock systems prevalent in Mexico, which typically involve minimal intervention and limited efforts to manage manure actively. Other
1commonly used methods include the dry lot system (10%), where manure accumulates in open, confined areas and is periodically removed, and practices like poultry manure management (8%), solid storage (8%), and liquid slurry (6%). Low-emission technologies, such as anaerobic digestion, are minimally utilized, representing only 1% of manure management strategies. This limited use highlights the need for policy interventions to transition the sector towards sustainable practices. Without these measures, traditional, high-emission methods continue to dominate, posing challenges to Mexicoâs efforts to reduce emissions and achieve its climate and sustainability goals.\"},\"livestock\":{\"title\":\"Livestock\",\"drivers_livestock_demand\":{\"title\":\"Livestock demand\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario represents a business-as-usual trajectory for livestock demand in Mexico from 2022 to 2050, where no specific policies or interventions are implemented to reduce emissions with the aim of achieving net-zero targets. This scenario illustrates the outcome when no proactive measures are taken to align livestock demand and production with Mexicoâs climate goals, resulting in sustained emissions from the livestock sector.\",\"text2\":\"With respect to total demand for livestock, it remains relatively stable over time (130 million tonnes per year), with only slight fluctuations. The different categories of livestock (buffalo, cattle, chickens, goats, etc.) maintain similar proportions throughout the years, suggesting that the absence of emissions reduction policies does not significantly alter demand patterns. The trend indicates a modest overall increase in livestock production, reflecting the continuation of current practices without interventions aimed at achieving net-zero emissions.\",\"text3\":\"The mitigation scenario illustrates a policy-driven approach for livestock demand in Mexico from 2022 to 2050, where targeted interventions are implemented to reduce emissions with the objective of achieving net-zero targets.\",\"text4\":\"In order to achieve the net-zero objective in Mexico, this scenario explores a clear decline in total livestock demand over the years from 130 millions tonnes in 2022 to 95 millions tonnes by 2050, indicating the impact of policy interventions aimed at reducing emissions.\",\"text5\":\"The most significant changes occur in cattle (both dairy and non-dairy) and pigs, which see the most substantial reductions, aligning with emissions reduction strategies that likely target these high-emission livestock types.\",\"text6\":\"Cattle dairy production remains relatively stable at around 40 million tonnes. Under policy interventions it decreases to around 25 million tonnes by 2050. This shows a reduction of approximately 15 million tonnes.\",\"text7\":\"Cattle non-dairy production remains stable around 60 million tonnes. Under policy intervention scenario it decreases to approximately 45 million tonnes by 2050. This represents a reduction of about 15 million tonnes.\",\"text8\":\"Pig production remains steady at around 50 million tonnes. Under policy interventions this production decreases to about 35 million tonnes by 2050. This indicates a reduction of approximately 15 million tonnes.\",\"list1\":{\"title\":\"To achieve significant reductions in cattle (dairy and non-dairy) and pig emissions, Mexico can implement a combination of strategies focusing on efficiency, sustainable practices, and transitioning to alternative proteins. By combining technological innovation, policy incentives, and educational outreach, Mexico can reduce livestock emissions significantly, aligning agricultural practices with its climate commitments while maintaining the economic sustainability of the sector. For instance:\",\"item1\":\"Improved Feed and Management Practices: Optimizing livestock diets and utilizing additives can lower methane emissions. Technologies like rotational grazing and precision livestock farming (PLF) enhance productivity, reduce waste, and improve soil health.\",\"item2\":\"Genetic Improvement: Selective breeding and crossbreeding programs develop livestock that produce less methane and are better adapted to local conditions, improving efficiency while reducing overall animal numbers.\",\"item3\":\"Reducing Livestock Numbers: Promoting plant-based proteins and alternative sources (e.g., lab-grown meat) can shift consumer demand away from high-emission livestock. Financial incentives for diversifying production and regulations on stocking rates also support these reductions.\",\"item4\":\"Manure Management and Biogas: Advanced manure storage systems and biogas facilities reduce methane from waste decomposition while generating renewable energy.\",\"item5\":\"Reforestation and Agroforestry: Integrating trees into pasturelands sequesters carbon and improves soil fertility, while carbon offset programs incentivize reforestation projects among farmers.\",\"item6\":\"Dairy and Meat Alternatives: Support for plant-based dairy products and lab-grown meat reduces demand for traditional livestock, providing lower-emission alternatives for consumers.\",\"item7\":\"Policy Support and Education: Financial incentives, education programs, and regulatory measures guide farmers toward sustainable practices, while emission targets ensure alignment with net-zero goals.\"}},\"drivers_livestock_exports\":{\"title\":\"Livestock exports\"}
1,\"drivers_livestock_imports\":{\"title\":\"Livestock imports\"},\"drivers_livestock_manure_management\":{\"title\":\"Livestock manure management\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario describes that manure management practices remain consistent throughout the timeline from 2022 to 2050. Manure management practices remain consistent throughout the timeline. The distribution of manure management methods and practices remains stable, indicating that there is no shift or adaptation towards more sustainable practices that could reduce emissions. The reliance on traditional methods continues, maintaining the status quo.\",\"text2\":\"Approximately 61% of manure remains in pasture/range/paddock systems where the manure from grazing animals is left unmanaged. In these systems, manure is deposited directly on the pasture as animals graze, and it is allowed to lie as is. This method does not involve any active management or intervention, reflecting traditional extensive livestock systems.\",\"text3\":\"Other practices collectively manage around 34% of the manure management practices. Strategies such as the dry lot method accounts for 10%, the poultry manure accounts for the 8%, the solid storage approach represents the 8%, the liquid slurry represents the 6% and the anaerobic digestion only represents the 1%.\",\"text4\":\"The mitigation scenario considers a significant transformation in manure management practices over time. Emissions reduction policies promote the adoption of technologies and methods that align with sustainability goals.\",\"text5\":\"The share of unmanaged manure in the pasture/range/paddock systems decreases gradually over time from the baseline of 61% in 2022 to around 3% by 2050. Policy-driven efforts can impact to actively manage and reduce emissions from extensive grazing systems.\",\"text6\":\"Under this scenario, the adoption of low-emission technologies increases, for instance anaerobic digestion could grow gradually from the baseline of 1% to around 51% by 2050, indicating a major shift towards using this technology for sustainable manure processing and emissions control.\",\"text7\":\"Composting is virtually absent in Mexico, representing 0% of the manure management methods in 2022. This absence reflects the lack of focus on sustainable practices. However, by 2024, composting increases dramatically to 17% of the manure management practices. This swift adoption needs the effectiveness of early policy interventions promoting sustainable and low- emission manure management methods.\",\"text8\":\"Daily spread strategy growth from 6% in 2022 to 15% in 2024, this suggests a proactive shift towards methods that align with emissions reduction targets. The strategy involves spreading manure on fields frequently, thus minimizing the accumulation and anaerobic decomposition that typically generates greenhouse gases.\",\"list1\":{\"title\":\"Anaerobic digestion, composting, and daily spread are among the best strategies for achieving net-zero goals in manure management because they effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance nutrient recycling:\",\"item1\":\"Anaerobic digestion captures methane emissions from manure by processing it in sealed digesters, converting the gas into biogas that can be used as renew
1able energy. This reduces methane release into the atmosphere and contributes to energy production, supporting net- zero targets.\",\"item2\":\"Composting manure in controlled, aerobic conditions minimizes methane emissions compared to unmanaged or anaerobic methods. It also produces nutrient-rich compost that can be used as organic fertilizer, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers, which further cuts emissions.\",\"item3\":\"Daily spread prevents manure from accumulating and decomposing anaerobically, thus reducing methane and ammonia emissions. It allows for the quick integration of nutrients into the soil, enhancing soil health and minimizing the carbon footprint of livestock operations.\"}}}},\"circular\":{\"title\":\"Decarbonization routes in circular economy drivers\",\"description\":\"In the pursuit of sustainable development, the concept of a circular economy is increasingly recognized as a vital component in decarbonization efforts.\",\"introduction\":{\"text1\":\"Circular economy includes three subsectors: liquid waste, solid waste, and wastewater treatment. These three sectors are derived from volume 5 of the IPCC guidance for national greenhouse gas inventories and include detailed emissions estimates from wastewater treatment and management pathways, solid waste treatment pathways (including a first-order decay model of landfilled waste), and recycling, which then gets passed to the industrial production model to estimate changes for producing virgin materials. Waste generation primarily is driven by per-person generation factors, which are responsive to changes in GDP, GDP/capita, and population and other sectors, including livestock manure management and supply-chain loss in agriculture.\"},\"waste\":{\"title\":\"Waste\",\"drivers_waste_generation\":{\"title\":\"Waste generation\",\"text1\":\"The waste sector consists of solid and liquid waste from domestic and industrial sources. The emissions from this sector depend upon the quantity of waste produced, the composition of that waste, and the pathways by which that waste is handled. Correspondingly, emissions reductions can be achieved by reducing the amount of waste produced, altering the wasteâs composition to have lower emissions potential, improving waste-treatment methods, and returning some portion of the waste stream back into the economy in the form of reused or recycled inputs.\"}},\"solid_waste\":{\"title\":\"Solid waste\",\"drivers_solid_waste_pathways\":{\"title\":\"Solid waste pathways\",\"text1\":\"Solid waste is generated by consumption. Growth in domestic consumption is driven by GDP per capita, while growth in industrial
1consumption is driven by production (represented by value added). Solid waste streams are disaggregated by subtypeâsuch as wood, paper, or foodâand can be managed in several pathways (open dump, open burning, landfilling, with methane capture and flaring or reuse composting, anaerobic biogas, recycling) consistent with the systems and discharge pathways described in the waste chapters IPCCâs 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the subsequent 2019 refinement. Emissions are calculated using specific emissions factors for each waste stream subtype.\",\"text2\":\"The most aggressive transformation of solid waste management involves ending unmanaged waste disposal (i.e., open dumping and open burning) by 2030 and then by 2050; additionally diverting 100% of organic waste to biological treatments; diverting 100% of recyclable materials to recycling facilities; and capturing and achieving 85% methane recovery and reuse in landfills. We define less aggressive transformations as the fraction of these targets reached by the specified year and, in the case of unmanaged solid waste disposal, extrapolate the rate of change out to the year 2050.\"},\"strategies\":{\"list1\":{\"title\":\"Increase waste collection\",\"item1\":\"Item1\",\"item2\":\"Item2\",\"item3\":\"Item3\"},\"list2\":{\"title\":\"Reduce the amount of waste produced\",\"item1\":\"\"},\"list3\":{\"title\":\"Divert more recyclable materials: increase the portion of waste that is not sent to the landfill\",\"item1\":\"\"},\"list4\":{\"title\":\"Divert more organic waste: increase the portion of organic waste that is not sent to the landfill\",\"item1\":\"\"},\"list5\":{\"title\":\"Improve the capture and burning or reuse of landfill gas\",\"item1\":\"\"}}},\"liquid_waste\":{\"title\":\"Liquid waste\",\"text1\":\"Wastewater is produced by domestic and industrial sources. The most aggressive transformation of wastewater management involves reaching universal safe sanitation and tertiary treatment of all wastewater (aerobic, anaerobic) by 2030.\",\"drivers_domestic_rural_liquid_waste_pathways\":{\"title\":\"Domestic rural\",\"text1\":\"In rural settings, collection is generally cost prohibitive, so safely managed sanitation includes on-site treatment, e.g., in septic tanks with fecal sludge management.\"},\"drivers_domestic_urban_liquid_waste_pathways\":{\"title\":\"Domestic urban\",\"text1\":\"For domestic users, wastewater management consists of sanitation and wastewater treatment. The World Health Organization and United Nations Childrenâs Fund (WHO/UNICEF) Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene describes a sanitation ladder with five rungsâfrom (1) open defecation (OD) to (2) unimproved, (3) limited, (4) basic, and (5) safely managed sanitation. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.2.1a seeks universal access to safely managed sanitation (WHO, 2021), but that means different pathways for urban and rural users.\",\"text2\":\"In urban settings, safely managed sanitation generally involves sewers that collect household wastewater for subsequent centralized treatment using one of the categories of treatment options (primary: wastewater first is submitted to preliminary treatment to remove grit, rags, and large solids -e.g., wood or plastic-; secondary: wastewater is treated at a wastewater treatment plant and includes primary treatment; tertiary/anaerobic: wastewater is treated at an aerobic wastewater treatment plant includes primary and secondary treatment; tertiary/aerobic: wastewater is treated at an anaerobic wastewater treatment plant, includes primary and secondary treatment).\"},\"drivers_industrial_liquid_waste_pathways\":{\"title\":\"Industrial\",\"text1\":\"For industrial sources, wastewater management is defined by various levels of treatment (primary, secondary, tertiary -aerobic or anaerobic-). These treatments are consistent with the systems and discharge pathways described in the wastewater chapters of the IPCCâs 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the subsequent 2019 refinement.\"}}},\"emissions\":{\"title\":\"Decarbonization routes in emissions\",\"description\":\"Reducing emissions is at the core of decarbonization strategies across all sectors, particularly in manufacturing industries where the output of greenhouse gases is substantial.\",\"introduction\":{\"text1\":\"$17\",\"text2\":\"$18\"},\"sc\":{\"title\":\"Socioeconomic\",\"drivers_sc_gdp_p_capita\":{\"title\":\"GDP per capita\",\"text1\":\"The Socioeconomic sector includes two subsectors: general and economy. These two subsectors are used to manage exogenously defined drivers that are shared across emission models, such as GDP and population. The Socioeconomic subsector includes some simple calculationsâsuch as GDP/capita, the number of households, and various rates of growth in driversâbut does not account for any emissions.\",\"text2\":\"SiSePuede accounts for gas-specific emissions across several greenhouse gases, including methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide (CH4, CO2, N2O), and numerous PFCs, HFCs, and other fluorinated compounds. Accounting can be set to reflect different global warming potentials (GWP), including 20-, 100-, and 500- year GWPs.\",\"text3\":\"Mexicoâs GDP per capita and COâ equivalent emissions reflect the complex interplay between economic development and environmental impact. As Mexico undergoes economic growth, driven by industrial expansion and modernization, its GDP per capita is expected to increase steadily. However, this growth is accompanied by a corresponding rise in COâ equivalent emissions, driven by energy consumption, transportation, and industrial activities. Projections indicate that unless significant shifts toward sustainable practices and renewable energy adoption occur, the rise in emissions could offset the environmental gains achieved through technological improvements.\"},\"drivers_sc_population\":{\"title\":\"Population\",\"text1\":\"Mexicoâs relationship between urban and rural population growth and COâ equivalent emissions is complex, shaped by migration, economic development, and industrial activities.\",\"text2\":\"Urban areas, particularly Mexico City, Monterrey, and Guadalajara, have seen consistent population growth driven by rural-to-urban migration. This trend has led to higher emissions in urban areas due to increased energy consumption, transportation needs, and industrialization. Rural areas, while experiencing slower population growth, contribute to emissions through agricultural practices, land use changes, and deforestation, although their per capita emissions are generally lower than those in cities.\",\"text3\":\"From 1990 to 2022, urban growth has significantly contributed to Mexico's COâ emissions, as expanding urban centers required more infrastru
1cture, energy, and transport. The rural sector, particularly livestock and agriculture, has also been responsible for methane and nitrous oxide emissions, which are more potent greenhouse gases. However, urban emissions have grown faster, given the shift from subsistence farming in rural areas to energy-intensive activities in cities.\",\"text4\":\"Looking forward, projections from 2022 to 2070 suggest that Mexicoâs urban population will continue to grow, driven by economic opportunities in cities and ongoing rural depopulation. By 2070, approximately 80% of Mexicoâs population is expected to live in urban areas. This urbanization trend will likely increase COâ emissions.\",\"text5\":\"By 2070, Mexicoâs total COâ equivalent emissions could reach unsustainable levels if aggressive climate action is not taken, making sustainable urban and rural development crucial for future emissions management.\"}},\"emissions\":{\"title\":\"Emisiones\",\"emissions_gas\":{\"title\":\"GHG emissions\",\"text1\":\"In 2020, Mexico's total emissions reached 670 MtCO2eq, accounting for 1.35% of global emissions. The main drivers of emissions in its NDC BAU scenario include energy, contributing 66% of emissions, followed by agriculture at 16%, waste at 8%, industrial processes at 7%, and land-use change and forestry at almost 3%. Emissions have grown by 18% compared to the baseline year of 2000.\",\"text2\":\"BAU scenario anticipates that 30% will be achieved with national resources and the remaining 5% with international cooperation. Unfortunately, Climate Action Trackerâs overall rating of Mexico's climate policies and commitments is critically insufficient. The country estimates that with current policies it will be able to meet this 35% reduction objective; however, emissions will continue to rise through 2030 (Climate Action Tracker, 2022b).\"},\"emissions_sector\":{\"title\":\"GHG emissions by sector\",\"text1\":\"$19\",\"text2\":\"Some transformations are needed across the economy to achieve carbon neutrality. To the extent that Traditional Development reflects Mexicoâs NDC BAU, all individual categories of transformations would achieve the 35% emission reduction targets expressed in the NDC. However, no individual category achieves net-zero emissions on its own by 2050. If Mexico decided to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, a more comprehensive approach closer to All Actions probably would be needed.\"}}},\"energy\":{\"title\":\"Decarbonization routes in energy drivers\",\"description\":\"Energy consumption is a significant driver of carbon emissions, especially in industrial sectors where the demand for energy is incessant.\",\"introduction\":{\"text1\":\"Energy demand in Mexico is projected to undergo significant changes between 2022 and 2050, influenced by the presence or absence of policy interventions aimed at emissions reduction. Under the baseline scenario (no policy intervention), the countryâs energy demand grows steadily across major sectors, including transportation, stationary combustion (SCOE), and industrial energy.\",\"text2\":\"This trend highlights the critical need for policy measures to mitigate emissions and promote sustainable energy use in Mexico. The absence of interventions results in an energy landscape heavily reliant on fossil fuels and minimal diversification into renewable sources. The implementation of targeted policies is crucial for transitioning the energy system towards sustainability and achieving net zero emissions. By enhancing energy efficiency, promoting electrification, and increasing the share of renewables such as wind, solar, and hydropower, Mexico can significantly reduce its carbon footprint and meet international climate goals.\",\"text3\":\"Overall, the shift from a baseline scenario to a mitigation scenario emphasizes the importance of policy-driven strategies in reducing emissions. These policies not only help diversify the energy mix but also ensure that Mexico aligns with its climate commitments and contributes to global efforts to combat climate change. A proactive approach to emissions reduction, supported by policies and technological advancements, is vital for achieving a sustainable and resilient energy future in Mexico.\"},\"energy_demand\":{\"title\":\"Energy demand\",\"drivers_total_energy_demand_sector\":{\"title\":\"Total energy demand by sector\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario represents a business-as-usual trajectory for energy demand in Mexico from 2022 to 2050, where no specific policies or interventions are implemented to reduce emissions with the aim of achieving net-zero targets. In this scenario the energy demand increases steadily from 2022 to 2050 in all sectors except for direct air capture (CCSQ), which remains at zero throughout the peri
1od. This trajectory indicates a continuous rise in energy demand across all major sectors, highlighting the dominance of transportation as the key driver of energy consumption over time.\",\"text2\":\"Under this scenario the transportation sector is expected to grow faster than other sectors, increasing from 1.52K PJ in 2022 to 3.24K PJ in 2050, indicating it remains the largest energy consumer.\",\"text3\":\"The SCOE (stationary combustion) sector grows from 1.57K PJ in 2022 to 2.49K PJ in 2050, showing a consistent rise in demand. The industrial energy sector also follows an increasing trend, rising from 2.16K PJ in 2022 to 3.01K PJ in 2050. The absence of direct air capture (CCSQ) demand suggests no implementation of carbon capture technology within this timeline under the current scenario.\",\"text4\":\"The mitigation scenario highlights a focused effort towards reducing energy demand across all major sectors, with transportation and industrial sectors showing the most significant declines, aligning with policy-driven targets for emissions reduction and sustainability. To achieve the net zero target this scenario proposes:\",\"text5\":\"The energy demand decreases progressively from 2022 to 2050, with substantial reductions from 2030 onwards.\",\"text6\":\"The transportation sector shows a sharp decline from 1.52K PJ in 2022 to 963.17 PJ by 2050, likely indicating improvements in fuel efficiency and alternative energy adoption. The SCOE (stationary combustion) sector reduces from 1.57K PJ in 2022 to 822.94 PJ by 2050, suggesting a shift towards cleaner energy sources. The industrial energy sector declines steadily, going from 2.16K PJ in 2022 to 1.12K PJ in 2050, reflecting efforts in industrial energy efficiency and possibly electrification. The direct air capture (CCSQ) remains at 0 PJ throughout the period, implying no significant implementation or reliance on carbon capture technologies within this scenario. CCSQ is a technology that captures carbon dioxide directly from the air and, when combined with storage, stores the captured COâ deep underground.\"},\"drivers_national_energy_mix\":{\"title\":\"National energy mix\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario describes that under a busines-as-usual trajectory, the energy demand mix from 2022 to 2050, shows minimal variation under a scenario with no policy interventions. Fossil fuels (such as gasoline, diesel, crude, and natural gas) continue to dominate the energy landscape, with nuclear energy playing a significant role. The lack of significant shifts towards renewable sources or cleaner energy options indicates the absence of policy-driven efforts, leading to a relatively stable but unsustainable energy demand pattern that relies heavily on fossil fuels and non-renewable sources.\",\"text2\":\"The mitigation scenario examines the substantial transformation of the energy demand mix driven by policy interventions aimed at achieving net zero emissions in Mexico. This trajectory highlights a consistent decline in the use of fossil fuels and nuclear energy, while renewable sources like wind, solar, and hydropower gradually expand their share. Additionally, electricity becomes increasingly dominant in the energy mix as electrification initiatives gain momentum. Overall, the trend indicates a purposeful shift towards cleaner, renewable, and sustainable energy technologies, demonstrating the plausible effectiveness of policy-driven strategies in reducing emissions and transitioning the energy landscape toward a carbon-neutral future.\",\"text3\":\"By 2050 under the mitigation scenario nuclear energy reduces to 0.0%, indicating a complete transition away from this source. Natural Gas phases out to 0.0%, as cleaner technologies replace it. Electricity increases significantly to 33%, becoming a dominant part of the energy mix as the shift to electrification progresses. Crude decreases to 17%, showing a decline but still maintaining a presence. Diesel reduces slightly to 3%. Hydropower rises to 2%, as policy interventions promote renewable sources. Wind grows to 24%, marking a substantial rise in renewable energy contributions. Solar further increases to 6%, reinfor
1cing the shift towards sustainable energy.\"}},\"production\":{\"title\":\"Production\",\"drivers_national_energy_production_imports\":{\"title\":\"National energy production and imports\"},\"drivers_national_energy_production_exports\":{\"title\":\"National energy production and exports\"}}},\"power\":{\"title\":\"Decarbonization routes in power generation drivers\",\"description\":\"Power generation is a critical sector in the context of decarbonization, as it significantly impacts both national emissions and the broader climate agenda.\",\"introduction\":{\"text1\":\"Mexicoâs energy sector is at a crossroads, facing both the necessity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the challenge of meeting growing energy demand. Currently, Mexicoâs energy generation remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels, particularly oil and gas, which make up a significant portion of the electricity mix. Despite recent investments in renewable energy, especially in wind and solar power, the transition to a sustainable energy system has been slow. Renewables have grown but still represent a smaller share compared to fossil fuels, limiting progress toward Mexicoâs climate goals.\",\"text2\":\"Transmission efficiency also poses a challenge, with substantial energy losses along transmission lines due to outdated infrastructure. These inefficiencies, combined with high fossil fuel dependency, contribute to significant emissions that hinder Mexicoâs ability to meet its international climate commitments.\",\"text3\":\"To achieve a more sustainable energy future, Mexico must overcome these challenges by accelerating renewable energy deployment and improving grid efficiency. Policy interventions, infrastru
1cture upgrades, and adoption of advanced technologies are essential to support this transition. Addressing these issues can not only reduce emissions but also improve energy security and support economic growth. As Mexico navigates this complex energy landscape, a strategic shift towards low-carbon energy sources and optimized grid management will be crucial.\"},\"drivers_energy_demand_power_generation\":{\"title\":\"Energy demand and power generation\"},\"drivers_electricity_generation_by_source\":{\"title\":\"Electricity generation by source\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario illustrates the current composition of electricity generation in Mexico, where renewables (wind, solar, and hydropower) make a significant collective contribution. However, fossil fuels, particularly oil and gas, continue to play a major role. Under a business-as-usual scenario with no additional emissions reduction policies, the trajectory toward 2050 shows that fossil fuels remain the dominant energy sources. While renewable sources like wind and solar are projected to grow substantially, this increase is insufficient to significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuels in the absence of targeted policy interventions.\",\"text2\":\"In the mitigation scenario, which explores targeted policy interventions for emissions reduction, Mexico's electricity generation mix shifts progressively from a fossil fuel-dependent system to one dominated by renewable sources.\",\"text3\":\"Starting in 2022, fossil fuelsâparticularly oil and gasâare primary contributors, supported by a modest but growing share of renewable sources like wind, solar, and hydropower. By 2029, policy measures begin to impact the energy landscape, leading to a noticeable decrease in oil and gas, while renewable sources, especially solar and geothermal, start expanding significantly.\",\"text4\":\"The trajectory becomes more pronounced by 2038, where the reliance on fossil fuels like oil and gas continues to decline, and renewable generation, particularly wind and solar, sees substantial growth. This trend intensifies in 2045, with fossil fuel usage nearly phased out;
1 coal and gas are eliminated, and oil is minimal, with wind, solar, and geothermal energy providing the bulk of electricity generation.\",\"text5\":\"By 2050, the transformation is nearly complete. Fossil fuels are almost entirely absent from the energy mix, replaced by wind, solar, and geothermal as dominant sources. This gradual reduction in fossil fuels over time highlights Mexico's plausible transition to a low-carbon energy system, driven by emissions reduction policies aimed at achieving a net-zero trajectory.\"},\"drivers_transmission_losses_electricity\":{\"title\":\"Transmission losses in electricity\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario describes the business-as-usual trajectory where transmission losses remain steady over time, maintaining a constant value around 14%. Without policy interventions aimed at improving efficiency or reducing emissions, there is no significant reduction in the percentage of electricity lost in transmission lines through to 2050. This suggests a stagnation in infrastructure improvements or energy efficiency measures.\",\"text2\":\"The mitigation scenario outlines a trajectory shaped by policy interventions, showing a clear downward trend in transmission losses over time. Starting at approximately 14%, these losses steadily decline, approaching near-zero levels by 2050. This reduction highlights the transformative impact of policies aimed at improving the efficiency of electricity transmission systems. Such policies may drive infrastru
1cture upgrades, adoption of advanced technologies, and optimized grid management, all of which support Mexico's emissions reduction goals and enhance overall energy sustainability.\"}},\"transportation\":{\"title\":\"Decarbonization routes in transportation drivers\",\"description\":\"Transportation is one of the most significant contributors to carbon emissions globally, making it a crucial area for decarbonization initiatives, especially in a country as geographically diverse as Mexico.\",\"introduction\":{\"text1\":\"Mexicoâs transportation sector is at a critical juncture, facing the dual challenges of growing energy demand and the need to transition towards low-carbon alternatives. Current trends indicate a heavy reliance on fossil fuels, with gasoline and diesel dominating the energy mix. In 2022, gasoline alone accounted for approximately 66% of transportation energy use, followed by diesel at 28%. This dependency contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, aligning poorly with global goals to combat climate change.\",\"text2\":\"Under business-as-usual scenarios, Mexicoâs transportation demand and emissions are projected to increase, with cargo and passenger demands rising steadily by 2050. Private and public road transport, particularly light vehicles, make up the majority of this demand, leaving sustainable modes such as rail, public transit, and non-motorized options underutilized. Without policy interventions, this trajectory poses severe environmental and health challenges due to sustained high emissions.\",\"text3\":\"However, the projection suggests that with effective net-zero policies, Mexico can transform its energy mix. By 2050, interventions could reduce gasoline and diesel shares, making room for electricity and hydrogen as cleaner options. Shifting towards renewable energy and low-emission fuels presents an opportunity for Mexico to meet its climate goals while addressing urban air quality and enhancing energy security. This transition, however, requires robust policy support, technological advancement, and infrastructure investments.\"},\"demand\":{\"title\":\"Demand\",\"drivers_megatonne_transportation_demand\":{\"title\":\"Megatonne transportation demand\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario illustrates the projected trajectory of cargo freight demand in Mexico, measured in megatonne-kilometers, from 2022 to 2050. Starting in 2022, the demand for cargo freight is approximately 886,290 megatonne-kilometers. Over the years, this demand is projected to increase steadily, indicating a growing reliance on freight transportation in the country. By 2050, the projected demand reaches 1.67 million megatonne-kilometers, nearly doubling the 2022 level. This growth trajectory suggests a significant increase in transportation demand driven by factors such as economic growth, population increase, and trade expansion.\"},\"drivers_passenger_transportation_demand\":{\"title\":\"Passenger transportation demand\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario shows the projected growth in passenger-kilometer demand in Mexico from 2022 to 2050, divided into regional and private/public categories.\",\"text2\":\"In 2022, the demand for passenger-kilometers starts with approximately 854,021 million for private and public transportation and 75,290 million for regional transportation. This combined demand is projected to increase significantly over the years.\",\"text3\":\"By 2050, the demand reaches around 1.7 billion passenger-kilometers for private and public transportation and 308,863 million for regional transportation. This steady increase reflects an expanding transportation demand driven by factors like population growth and urbanization.\"}},\"drivers_transportation_demand_mode_shares\":{\"title\":\"Transportation demand mode shares\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario illustrates the projected shares of transportation modes in Mexico from 2022 to 2050, assuming no policy interventions to reduce emissions toward net zero. Each mode's share is represented as a proportion of the total transportation demand.\",\"text2\":\"In 2022, \\\"Road Light\\\" dominates, making up approximately 68% of the transportation mode share. Other notable contributions include \\\"Powered Bikes\\\" at 19% and \\\"Human Powered\\\" at 7%, while all other modes, such as \\\"Rail Freight,\\\" \\\"Rail Passenger,\\\" and \\\"Water Borne,\\\" hold negligible shares near 0%.\",\"text3\":\"By 2050, under the same no-policy-intervention scenario, \\\"Road Light\\\" grows even further to represent 81% of the share, reflecting an increasing reliance on light vehicles for transportation. However, \\\"Powered Bikes\\\" and \\\"Human Powered\\\" decrease to 9% and 5%, respectively, indicating a shift away from these less energy-intensive modes. Other
1categories, such as \\\"Public,\\\" \\\"Rail Passenger,\\\" and \\\"Water Borne,\\\" continue to have minimal contributions, and \\\"Aviation\\\" remains near zero.\",\"text4\":\"This trend underscores a growing dependence on light vehicles, suggesting an increase in energy consumption and emissions from road transport. The limited shares of public and rail transportation highlights potential challenges for sustainable mobility in Mexico under current trends without emissions reduction policies.\",\"text5\":\"The mitigation scenario illustrates the projected shares of transportation modes in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a policy intervention scenario aimed at achieving net-zero emissions.\",\"text6\":\"In 2022, \\\"Road Light\\\" represents the majority share, accounting for about 68% of the total transportation demand. \\\"Powered Bikes\\\" follow with 19%, while \\\"Human Powered\\\" contributes 7%. Other modes, including \\\"Rail Freight,\\\" \\\"Rail Passenger,\\\" and \\\"Public,\\\" hold minimal shares near or at zero, indicating limited use of public and rail transit options at this starting point.\",\"text7\":\"By 2050, with interventions targeting net-zero emissions, significant changes in mode shares emerge. \\\"Road Light\\\" decreases to 55%, reflecting a reduction in reliance on personal or light vehicles. Conversely, \\\"Powered Bikes\\\" increase their share to 25%, showing a shift toward more sustainable, low-emission transport options. \\\"Human Powered\\\" also sees a slight increase to 14%, likely due to policies encouraging non-motorized transport.\",\"text8\":\"Public transit and rail options remain minor but are expected to grow marginally under net-zero policies, suggesting some shift in modal choices. Aviation and \\\"Water Borne\\\" remain at minimal shares.\",\"text9\":\"This trajectory indicates a possible gradual reduction in road vehicle reliance and a shift toward more sustainable transportation modes. However, for significant reductions in emissions, further enhancement of public and rail transportation may be required.\"},\"energy\":{\"title\":\"Energy\",\"drivers_energy_demand_transportation\":{\"title\":\"Energy demand in transportation\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario depicts the energy demand for transportation in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario without policy interventions aimed at achieving net-zero emissions. The energy demand is measured in petajoules (PJ), with fuel types differentiated by color.\",\"text2\":\"In 2022, the transportation sector is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, with \\\"Diesel\\\" and \\\"Gasoline\\\" being the primary sources of energy. Diesel accounts for approximately 425 PJ, while Gasoline contributes around 1,000 PJ. Electricity, by contrast, plays a minimal role, contributing just 4.47 PJ, reflecting a reliance on traditional fossil fuel sources.\",\"text3\":\"By 2050, under a continuation of current trends with no interventions, fossil fuels still dominate, with Gasoline reaching 2,040 PJ and Diesel increasing to approximately 859 PJ. Electricity usage grows slightly but remains limited at around 9.83 PJ. The continued reliance on fossil fuels suggests an increase in total energy demand as well as sustained high emissions, given the limited transition to cleaner energy sources.\",\"text4\":\"This trajectory highlights a significant challenge for reducing emissions in Mexico's transportation sector without policy changes, as the reliance on gasoline and diesel persists and the share of renewable or alternative energy sources remains negligible.\",\"text5\":\"The mitigation scenario in the energy demand projections for transportation in Mexico (2022 to 2050) shows a significant transformation in fuel composition and overall energy demand reduction. In 2022, transportation energy demand is dominated by traditional fossil fuels, with \\\"Gasoline\\\" at 1,000 petajoules (PJ) and \\\"Diesel\\\" at approximately 425 PJ. Electricity plays a minimal role, contributing only around 4.47 PJ. The reliance on gasoline and diesel underscores the sector's heavy depen
1dence on high-emission fuels.\",\"text6\":\"By 2050, under net-zero policy interventions, there is a marked decrease in fossil fuel consumption and a substantial shift toward cleaner energy sources. \\\"Gasoline\\\" demand drops significantly to 252 PJ, and \\\"Diesel\\\" falls to 83.65 PJ. Meanwhile, \\\"Electricity\\\" grows remarkably to around 286 PJ, reflecting the impact of policies encouraging electrification. Additionally, \\\"Hydrogen\\\" emerges as a new energy source, reaching approximately 101.48 PJ, suggesting a shift toward alternative low-carbon fuels.\",\"text7\":\"This transition reduces the overall energy demand in the transportation sector and shifts the fuel mix towards more sustainable options, aligning with net-zero goals. The increased share of electricity and hydrogen reflects a plausible successful reduction in reliance on fossil fuels, paving the way for a lower-emission transportation sector by 2050.\"},\"drivers_transportation_energy_mix\":{\"title\":\"Transportation energy mix\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario illustrates Mexico's transportation energy mix from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario with no policy interventions towards net-zero emissions. Each fuel type's contribution to the total energy demand is represented as a percentage of the mix.\",\"text2\":\"In 2022, the energy mix is predominantly reliant on \\\"Gasoline,\\\" which constitutes about 66% of the total, followed by \\\"Diesel\\\" at approximately 28%. Other sources, such as \\\"Kerosene\\\" and \\\"Electricity,\\\" make up
1negligible portions, indicating the transportation sector's heavy dependence on fossil fuels.\",\"text3\":\"By 2050, under the continuation of current trends without interventions, \\\"Gasoline\\\" and \\\"Diesel\\\" still dominate the energy mix, though with a slight shift. \\\"Gasoline\\\" decreases slightly to 63%, while \\\"Diesel\\\" reduces to around 26%. \\\"Kerosene\\\" and other alternative fuels remain minimal in the mix, indicating that the energy composition remains heavily fossil-fuel dependent, with negligible penetration of renewable or alternative energy sources.\",\"text4\":\"This trajectory suggests that without policy interventions, Mexico's transportation sector will continue to rely on fossil fuels, with limited shifts towards diversification in energy sources. This lack of transition implies sustained high emissions, highlighting the need for policy-driven changes to achieve net-zero goals in the future.\",\"text5\":\"The mitigation scenario depicts the projected transportation energy mix in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario with policy interventions aimed at achieving net-zero emissions. Each fuel type's share is represented as a percentage of the total energy demand in the transportation sector.\",\"text6\":\"In 2022, the energy mix is dominated by \\\"Gasoline\\\" (66%) and \\\"Diesel\\\" (28%), with a small share attributed to \\\"Kerosene\\\" (0.05%) and negligible contributions from alternative sources such as \\\"Electricity\\\" and \\\"Hydrogen.\\\" This reliance on fossil fuels reflects a traditional energy profile with limited use of renewable or low-emission options.\",\"text7\":\"By 2050, under net-zero interventions, a significant shift in the energy mix is evident. \\\"Gasoline\\\" and \\\"Diesel\\\" shares reduce substantially to around 26% and 9%, respectively. In contrast, \\\"Electricity\\\" emerges as a prominent energy source, representing about 30% of the mix, alongside \\\"Hydrogen\\\" (0.11%) and \\\"Kerosene\\\" (0.25%). The increase in these cleaner energy sources indicates a shift towards decarbonizing the transportation sector.\",\"text8\":\"This transition shows Mexico's efforts to diversify the transportation energy mix by reducing reliance on fossil fuels and incorporating more sustainable sources. The growth in electricity and hydrogen use reflects the impact of policies aimed at promoting low-emission energy alternatives, helping to meet net-zero goals by 2050.\"}}},\"buildings\":{\"title\":\"Decarbonization routes in buildings drivers\",\"description\":\"Buildings are responsible for a significant portion of global energy consumption and carbon emissions, particularly through heating, cooling, and electricity usage.\",\"introduction\":{\"text1\":\"Mexicoâs buildings sector faces significant energy challenges as it navigates a path toward sustainability. Currently, energy demand in this sector is on a steady upward trajectory due to economic growth and population expansion, with projections indicating a substantial increase by 2050 if no policy interventions are implemented. Residential and commercial/municipal energy demands are expected to continue rising, leading to a heavy reliance on fossil fuels, primarily diesel, biomass, and electricity sourced from a largely conventional grid. This dependence not only contributes to greenhouse gas emissions but also poses challenges for energy security and environmental sustainability.\",\"text2\":\"However, policy interventions aimed at achieving net-zero emissions could dramatically alter this landscape. A pathway towards net zero would require a transformative shift in the energy mix, primarily through full electrification of the buildings sector by 2050. This approach would phase out fossil fuels entirely, with electricity accounting for nearly 100% of energy use, likely supplied by a cleaner, sustainable grid. While this shift indicates progress, the trajectory underscores the importance of policy support to transition from fossil fuels and increase renewable integration. Mexicoâs challenge, therefore, lies in accelerating this transition while balancing growth demands, minimizing environmental impact, and ensuring reliable energy supply for a sustainable future.\"},\"energy_demand\":{\"title\":\"Energy demand\",\"drivers_buildings_energy_demand\":{\"title\":\"Buildings energy demand\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario (business-as-usual) of buildings' energy demand trajectory in Mexico from 2022 to 2050, demonstrates a steady and significant increase across the sectors of Commercial, Municipal, and Residential demand.\",\"text2\":\"In 2022, the demand is balanced between Residential and Commercial/Municipal sectors, with both sectors contributing close to 784 Peta Joules (PJ) each. The \\\"Other\\\" sector's energy demand is negligible or non-existent.\",\"text3\":\"By 2050, the energy demand in the Residential sector is projected to reach around 1,000 PJ, while the Commercial/Municipal demand climbs even higher to approximately 1,490 PJ. The \\\"Other\\\" sector remains
1negligible in energy demand, indicating a lack of substantial growth or inclusion in this scenario.\",\"text4\":\"The lack of interventions targeting net-zero emissions or energy efficiency results in a progressive increase in energy consumption for buildings, driven largely by growth in residential and commercial sectors. Without policy changes, this growing demand trajectory points to increased energy reliance and potential challenges in meeting sustainability targets or managing energy infrastructure strain.\",\"text5\":\"The mitigation scenario outlines the trajectory of buildings' energy demand in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario with policy interventions aimed at achieving net-zero emissions. This scenario shows a distinct reduction trend, contrasting sharply with the business-as-usual scenario.\",\"text6\":\"Unlike the steady growth observed in the business-as-usual scenario, energy demand in both the Residential and Commercial/Municipal sectors begins to decrease over the years, indicating the impact of implemented energy efficiency policies, technological advancements, and perhaps behavioral changes encouraged by policy incentives.\",\"text7\":\"By 2050, the energy demand has reduced significantly, with the Residential sector declining to about 324 PJ and the Commercial/Municipal sector to around 499 PJ.This reduction is substantial, suggesting the plausible impact of policy measures that managed to curb energy use. The \\\"Other\\\" sector remains negligible throughout this period, highlighting a focused policy impact on the major demand areas (Residential and Commercial/Municipal).\",\"text8\":\"The implementation of policies targeting net-zero emissions results in a meaningful reduction in buildings' energy consumption, achieving a trajectory towards lower energy reliance and environmental impact.\",\"text9\":\"This scenario showcases the potential effectiveness of proactive energy management policies in countering the rising energy demands typical of economic and population growth.\",\"text10\":\"In summary, with the adoption of policy interventions aimed at achieving net-zero emissions, Mexicoâs buildings sector shows a clear downward trajectory in energy demand by 2050. This reduction reflects the potential success of energy efficiency improvements, renewable energy integration, and other demand-reduction strategies aligned with sustainability goals.\"}},\"energy_mix\":{\"title\":\"Energy mix\",\"drivers_buildings_energy_mix\":{\"title\":\"Buildings energy mix\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario outlines the \\\"business-as-usual\\\" trajectory. Mexicoâs buildings sector exhibits a stable, yet unsustainable energy mix dominated by electricity, diesel, and biomass through 2050. The lack of policy interventions toward net-zero emissions keeps renewable energy penetration minimal, indicating a strong dependency on conventional energy sources.\",\"text2\":\"In this scenario, a significant portion of energy demand in buildings is met by electricity, which comprises approximately 51% of the total mix. Diesel (23%) and biomass (13%) are also notable contributors, with smaller contributions from natural gas, hydrocarbon gas liquids, and gasoline. Renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydropower are either absent or make negligible contributions.\",\"text3\":\"The mitigation scenario outlines the net-zero policy interventions. Mexicoâs buildings sector moves towards complete electrification by 2050, eliminating fossil fuel use and aligning with sustainability goals. This trajectory reflects that effective policies have the potential to drive a clean energy transition and transform the energy landscape of the buildings sector.\",\"text4\":\"By 2039, there is plausible reduction in the share of fossil fuels. Electricity increases its share to approximately 73%, reflecting the impact of electrification policies. Diesel and biomass could see a decline, with diesel dropping to around 13% and biomass to about 6%. This shift indicates an ongoing reduction in carbon-intensive energy sources. Renewable sources and other alternative energies could remain minor, suggesting that while electrification is emphasized, diversification into renewables is limited or gradual.\",\"text5\":\"By 2050, electricity could fully dominate the energy mix, accounting for nearly 100% of the energy demand in the buildings sector. This change reflects a plausible successful transition to an almost entirely electric-powered building infrastru
1cture.\",\"text6\":\"Fossil fuels and biomass could phased out, with contributions from diesel, biomass, and other fuels dropping to zero. The complete absence of fossil fuels and biomass by 2050 aligns with net-zero goals.\",\"text7\":\"There is no indication of a significant presence of alternative renewable sources like solar, wind, or hydropower, implying that the electrification is likely sourced from a cleaner grid or alternative low-carbon sources.\",\"text8\":\"In this scenario, the transition toward electrification and the elimination of fossil fuels reduce the sector's carbon footprint.This shift emphasizes electrification rather than a broad renewable portfolio, suggesting that policies focus on transforming the grid to support a sustainable electricity supply.\"}}},\"industry\":{\"title\":\"Decarbonization routes in IPPU drivers\",\"description\":\"Industrial processes and product use (IPPU) encompass a wide range of activities that contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, especially in sectors such as chemicals, metals, and building materials.\",\"introduction\":{\"text1\":\"Mexico's industrial sector faces substantial challenges as it balances growth with sustainability goals. Current trends show a heavy reliance on fossil fuels, such as natural gas and fuel oil, which together dominate the industrial energy mix and contribute to high emissions. Without significant interventions, energy demand is expected to rise, driven largely by traditional manufacturing and mining sectors, while efficiency gains remain minimal across fuel types. This trajectory suggests sustained carbon intensity and high energy consumption per unit of output, limiting Mexico's potential to align with global decarbonization goals.\",\"text2\":\"Despite these challenges, policy interventions aimed at net-zero emissions could transform Mexico's industrial landscape. Projections indicate that with targeted policies, there could be a substantial shift toward electricity and cleaner fuels, including emerging sources like hydrogen. Efficiency improvements, particularly in electricity, hydrogen, and natural gas, would help decrease energy intensity across sectors. By 2050, these gains could enable Mexico to reduce its carbon footprint significantly, meeting both national and international sustainability targets. However, achieving these outcomes requires consistent policy support, technological advancements, and investment in renewable infrastructure, which together could drive Mexico's industrial sector toward a more sustainable and competitive future.\"},\"drivers_industrial_production\":{\"title\":\"Industrial production\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario outlines the industrial production in Mexico from 2022 to 2050. In 2022, the industrial sector in Mexico is characterized by a high reliance on emissions-intensive materials, with mining as the most significant contributor, accounting for over 212 million tonnes. Cement, metals, and electronics also hold substantial shares in the production mix, while textiles, plastics, and glass have relatively smaller contributions. This mix reflects a traditional industrial base focused on high-demand, high-emission resources.\",\"text2\":\"By 2050, under a scenario with no policy changes, the industrial production profile remains largely similar, though the overall production levels have increased. Mining continues to be the dominant sector, with an increased output reaching nearly 292 million tonnes. Cement production has also grown slightly to approximately 48 million tonnes, while other materials like metals, chemicals, and glass see gradual increases. This projected trajectory suggests an intensified dependence on high-emission materials, which likely contributes to rising emissions levels without any significant shift toward more sustainable or low-emission alternatives.\",\"text3\":\"Without policy interventions, Mexico's industrial sector is expected to continue its reliance on high-emission materials through 2050, driven by growth in sectors like mining, cement, and metals. The increase in production levels, coupled with the lack of structural shifts toward greener technologies, underscores the challenge of achieving net-zero emissions in the absence of policy measures. This trajectory indicates the need for targeted policies to reduce emissions intensity and promote sustainable industrial practices to move closer to Mexico's long-term climate goals.\",\"text4\":\"The mitigation scenario illustrates the trajectory of industrial production in Mexico from 2022 to 2050, assuming policy interventions are implemented to achieve net-zero emissions.\",\"text5\":\"In 2022, the industrial sector in Mexico is dominated by high-emission materials. Mining is the largest contributor at over 212 million tonnes, with cement, metals, and electronics also making up significant portions. This high dependency on mining and cement, along with minor contributions from other materials, highlights a baseline with substantial emissions.\",\"text6\":\"By 2040, under the influence of policy interventions aiming for net zero, there are noticeable shifts in the industrial production mix. Mining remains a major component at around 213 million tonnes but shows a reduction from baseline projections without interventions. Cement and electronics have also decreased, with cement reduced to about 39 million tonnes. There are slight increases in the usage of lower-emission materials like wood, textiles, and glass, indicating a shift in
1industrial composition towards materials with a potentially lower carbon footprint.\",\"text7\":\"In 2050, the impact of sustained policy interventions is more pronounced. Mining, though still substantial at approximately 204 million tonnes, is significantly reduced compared to a no-policy scenario. Cement production has also dropped to about 34 million tonnes. High-emission materials like chemicals, electronics, and metals are minimized further, while low-emission materials, such as wood and paper, show slight increases in their contributions to the production mix. Textiles and rubber and leather have been phased out entirely, reflecting a deliberate reduction in certain materials likely due to their environmental impact.\",\"text8\":\"Under a scenario with policy interventions, the industrial production in Mexico gradually transitions from heavy reliance on high-emission materials to a more balanced mix by 2050. Mining remains a significant sector, but its relative contribution decreases. There is a plausible reduction in the reliance on cement and metals, with increased adoption of lower-emission materials like wood and paper. These changes indicate a more sustainable pathway, aligning with Mexico's net-zero targets, although the continued presence of mining suggests challenges in achieving full decarbonization. This scenario underscores the role of policy interventions in driving industrial transformation toward net-zero goals.\"},\"drivers_industrial_energy_consumption\":{\"title\":\"Industrial energy consumption\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario shows a continuous rise in industrial energy consumption from 2022 to 2050. By 2050, energy demand in Mexico's industrial sector is projected to grow significantly, reaching over 2,800 Peta Joules (PJ).\",\"text2\":\"Mining and Other Product Manufacturing are the leading contributors to energy demand. Mining, in particular, shows a noticeable increase from 508.92 PJ in 2022 to around 699.69 PJ in 2050, indicating a consistent rise in resource extraction needs. Other Product Manufacturing also remains substantial, growing from 705.56 PJ in 2022 to 1.33K PJ by 2050, reflecting expanding manufacturing activities without additional efficiency measures. Chemicals and Cement sectors remain significant contributors. Chemicals increase from 158.85 PJ in 2022 to 170.42 PJ in 2050, while Cement rises from 291.61 PJ to 302.43 PJ, indicating steady but moderate growth. Metals also experiences a modest increase from 222.22 PJ to 228.74 PJ.\",\"text3\":\"Notably, the scenario shows zero or minimal contributions from recycled materials, such as recycled glass, metals, paper, and textiles, both in 2022 and 2050. This suggests a low level of recycling or reuse within the current trajectory, likely due to the lack of policy incentives for circular economy practices.\",\"text4\":\"The Electronics sector shows only a slight increase from 0.99 PJ to 1.02 PJ, and Plastic usage rises minimally from 5.14 PJ to 5.28 PJ, indicating limited expansion in these areas under current trends.\",\"text5\":\"Without interventions aimed at decarbonization or increased energy efficiency, the industrial sector in Mexico will continue on a path of heightened energy demand, driven by traditional high-energy sectors like mining and manufacturing. The absence of substantial contributions from recycled materials points to a missed opportunity in reducing reliance on raw material extraction.\",\"text6\":\"The mitigation scenario outlines the energy consumption trending downward with policy measures, moving from approximately 2,000 PJ in 2022 to under 1,200 PJ by 2050. This suggests that policies could have a significant impact in reducing the overall energy footprint of the industrial sector.\",\"text7\":\"Mining: Energy demand in the mining sector is significantly reduced, dropping from 508.92 PJ in 2022 to 183.02 PJ in 2050. This indicates strong efficiency measures or shifts to less energy-intensive extraction methods. Other Product Manufacturing: While still substantial, energy consumption in this sector decreases from 705.56 PJ in 2022 to 647.96 PJ by 2050, suggesting improved manufacturing processes and possible adoption of low-energy technologies.\",\"text8\":\"Both Chemicals and Cement sectors exhibit significant energy demand reductions. Chemicals decrease from 158.85 PJ in 2022 to 58.03 PJ in 2050, while Cement consumption reduces from 291.61 PJ to 98.04 PJ. This suggests strong policy impacts, likely through alternative materials, process innovations, or recycling enhancements in these traditionally energy-intensive sectors.\",\"text9\":\"Metals sector energy demand declines from 222.22 PJ in 2022 to 65.37 PJ in 2050. Similarly, Glass consumption drops from 20.44 PJ to 1.80 PJ, and Electronics from 0.99 PJ to 0.24 PJ, indicating improved recycling rates and material substitutions contributing to overall demand reduction.\",\"text10\":\"This scenario indicates that, even under policy interventions, the contribution of recycled materials to overall energy demand remains
1negligible, with recycled metals, glass, paper, and textiles continuing to register minimal values. This might suggest a need for further policies to encourage the circular economy. Plastic and Paper see only slight changes, with Plastic reducing from 5.14 PJ in 2022 to 0.13 PJ in 2050, and Paper from 47.22 PJ to 5.16 PJ. This trend may reflect a partial shift to alternative, sustainable materials.\",\"text11\":\"The data suggests that Mexico's industrial sector can achieve substantial energy reductions with rigorous policies, focusing on process efficiencies, energy-saving technologies, and possibly reduced reliance on energy-intensive materials. However, there remains room for improvement in the recycling and reuse sectors, as indicated by the low energy demand in recycled materials. Expanding circular economy practices may provide further reductions and move the sector closer to net-zero emissions.\"},\"drivers_energy_demand_industry\":{\"title\":\"Energy demand in industry\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario outlines the trajectory of energy demand in Mexico's industrial sector from 2022 to 2050 under a scenario without policy interventions towards net-zero emissions:\",\"text2\":\"The scenario indicates that fossil fuels, particularly Natural Gas and Fuel Oil, remain the primary energy sources for Mexico's industrial sector throughout the period. In 2022, Natural Gas alone contributes approximately 43% of the total industrial energy demand, and this proportion remains substantial by 2050, only slightly reducing to around 40%. Fuel Oil also maintains a significant share, contributing around 19% in both 2022 and 2050, with only minimal fluctuations. This sustained reliance suggests a slow transition away from these conventional fossil fuels.\",\"text3\":\"This trend shows little or no increase in renewable energy sources like Wind, Solar, and Hydropower. In 2022 and continuing to 2050, these renewable energy types have negligible contributions, remaining at 0% throughout the projection period. The use of Electricity grows only slightly, from 0.17 in 2022 to 0.21 by 2050, indicating that electrification efforts within the industrial sector are minimal in the absence of policy interventions.\",\"text4\":\"Fuels such as Hydrogen, Geothermal, and Biogas remain absent in the energy mix, as indicated by their consistent 0% contribution in both 2022 and 2050. This suggests that there is little to no adoption of newer or alternative fuels in the industrial sector under a business-as-usual scenario.\",\"text5\":\"A few traditional fossil fuels, such as Coal and Diesel, show slight decreases. For example, Diesel reduces from 0.07 in 2022 to around 0.07 in 2050, while Coal decreases from 0.05 to 0.04, reflecting minor shifts within fossil fuel preferences but no major move towards lower-emission options.\",\"text6\":\"The energy mix remains largely stable from 2022 to 2050, with fossil fuels continuing to dominate. There is a lack of significant transition towards renewable or low-emission energy sources, which aligns with the absence of policy pressures to drive such changes. The reliance on fossil fuels such as Natural Gas and Fuel Oil suggests sustained or even growing emissions, as there is no substantial replacement by cleaner energy sources. The minimal contribution from electricity and the absence of renewable energy sources point to missed opportunities for decarbonizing the industrial sector. Without interventions, it appears unlikely that Mexico's industrial sector will progress toward a more sustainable or diversified energy portfolio by 2050.\",\"text7\":\"The mitigation scenario outlines the energy demand trajectory for Mexico's industrial sector from 2022 to 2050 under policy interventions targeting net-zero emissions.\",\"text8\":\"This scenario shows a gradual decline of fossil fuels: Natural Gas demand, which is high in 2022 at 43%, declines significantly by 2037 and continues down to just 2% by 2050. This decline reflects a major shift away from fossil fuels under net-zero policies. Fuel Oil also reduces from around 19% in 2022 to 13% in 2037 and falls further to 1% by 2050, showing a clear downward trend as oil use is ph
1ased out in favor of cleaner energy.\",\"text9\":\"The role of electricity increases: Electricity's share of industrial energy demand rises substantially as policies favor electrification. In 2022, electricity accounts for around 17% of demand. This grows significantly, reaching 43% by 2037 and further to 88% by 2050. This trajectory highlights a strong shift toward electrified industrial processes as part of decarbonization efforts.\",\"text10\":\"The role of hydrogen emerges: By 2037, Hydrogen begins to appear in the energy mix, contributing 4%, and increases to 8% by 2050. This suggests that hydrogen is seen as a viable alternative fuel under net-zero scenarios, supporting hard-to-electrify sectors.\",\"text11\":\"There is a marginal contribution of renewable sources: Despite the shift away from fossil fuels, renewables like Solar, Wind, and Hydropower remain at low levels throughout the timeline. This suggests that while renewables may power electricity generation, direct renewable energy adoption in industrial processes remains limited or indirect.\",\"text12\":\"Phase-out of other fossil fuels and biomass: By 2050, other traditional fuels such as Diesel, Coal, Biomass, and Crude are entirely phased out, with minimal or zero contributions. This phase-out aligns with the objective to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in industrial operations.\",\"text13\":\"The transition from fossil fuels to electricity, and to a lesser extent hydrogen, signals a transformative shift driven by net-zero policies that could enable Mexico's industrial sector to achieve substantial carbon reductions by 2050. The strong reliance on electricity by 2050 highlights the need for clean and reliable electricity generation, which would likely depend heavily on renewable energy sources in the broader grid context. The introduction of hydrogen around 2037 reflects a gradual adaptation of emerging technologies and fuels that can serve industrial needs in a decarbonized economy.\"},\"drivers_industrial_efficiency\":{\"title\":\"Industrial efficiency\",\"text1\":\"The baseline scenario outlines the trajectory of industrial efficiency in Mexico from 2022 to 2050 with no policy interventions toward net-zero. Mexico's industrial efficiency shows minimal gains across fuels, with no significant technological progress, leading to sustained high energy demand and limited emissions reductions.\",\"text2\":\"With minimal efficiency gains, the industrial sector in Mexico may struggle to reduce its energy intensity or emissions profile. The lack of substantial improvements implies continued high energy consumption per unit of output. The low efficiency improvements for both traditional and emerging fuels suggest that Mexico's industrial sector may remain reliant on its current fuel mix, as there is insufficient incentive to improve or adopt more efficient, lower-emission alternatives. The static efficiency trajectory reflects a missed opportunity for technological progress, which could have enhanced energy savings and competitiveness in the industrial sector.\",\"text3\":\"The mitigation scenario outlines the plausible trajectory from 2022 to 2050 and indicates a gradual but steady increase in efficiency for all fuel types under net-zero policies. This growth trend suggests the impact of consistent policy support, technological innovation, and potential regulatory incentives for efficiency across the industrial sector.\",\"text4\":\"With enhanced efficiency gains across all fuel types, Mexico's industrial sector could significantly reduce its energy intensity and emissions by 2050, aligning more closely with net-zero objectives. Efficiency gains in fuels like Natural Gas, Hydrogen, and Solar reflect a move towards integrating cleaner, more sustainable energy sources, reducing dependency on traditional fossil fuels. The focus on efficiency improvements contributes to the overall competitiveness of Mexico's industrial sector by reducing operational costs through more efficient energy use.\"}},\"location\":{\"title\":\"Manufacturing industries in Mexico industrial location\"},\"graph_card\":{\"tabs\":{\"baseline\":\"Baseline\",\"mitigation\":\"Mitigation\",\"data\":\"Data\",\"photo\":\"Photo\",\"share\":\"Share\",\"download\":\"Download\"}},\"view_more\":\"View more\"},\"ManufacturingPage\":{\"title\":\"Manufacturing industries\",\"titles\":{\"location\":\"Regional structure\",\"regi
1onal\":\"Industrial location\",\"chains\":\"Supply chains\",\"sustainability\":\"Industrial sustainability\"},\"descriptions\":{\"regional\":\"The regions have different economic structures. Knowing the relative importance of each industry in the local economy is a basic input for the design of productive development strategies adapted to each place.\",\"location\":\"Industries tend to concentrate in specific places for various economic reasons. Identifying the location of each industry in the country is relevant for investment and productive vocation decisions.\",\"chains\":\"Industries require a set of particular suppliers, from those that supply basic raw materials to those that deliver specialized products or services. Identifying and developing efficient supply chains represents the basis for the correct operation of all business operations.\",\"sustainability\":\"Promoting a production approach that minimizes environmental impact will increase the competitiveness of industries. This requires more efficient technologies and public policies that encourage industrial transformation.\"},\"filters\":{\"regions\":\"Regions\",\"industries\":\"Industries\",\"productive_capacity\":\"Productive capabilities\",\"manufacturing\":\"Manufacturing industries\",\"all_national\":\"Total national\",\"states\":\"States\"},\"network\":{\"title\":\"Manufacturing supply chains\",\"subtitle\":\"Industry supply chain\",\"subtitles\":{\"info\":\"The link between nodes and the percentage of the analysis refers to the weight of the supplier industry in the total purchases of inputs and intermediate products of the analyzed industry. The nodes will be illuminated/turned off based on the regional specialization in each of the industries.\",\"in\":\"In\",\"the_providers\":\"the most important providers\",\"rama\":\"of the industry group\",\"subsector\":\"of the subsector\",\"where\":\"where\"},\"view_as\":\"View as\",\"industrial_level\":\"Industrial level\",\"industry\":\"Industry\",\"subsector\":\"Subsector\",\"estate\":\"State\",\"threshold_label2\":\"Showing suppliers that represent {value}% of the supply chain of the selected industry\",\"threshold_label\":\"Showing suppliers that represent the supply chain as a whole with\",\"all_estates\":\"All\",\"table\":{\"title\":\"Ranking\",\"service\":\"Providers\",\"value\":\"Value\"},\"tabs\":{\"network\":\"Network\",\"table\":\"Table\",\"subsector\":\"Subsector\",\"rama\":\"Industry group\"},\"source\":{\"text\":\"With information from the\",\"text_link\":\"Input-Output Matrix 2018 (INEGI).\"}},\"manufacturing\":{\"title\":\"Industry trends from 2008 to 2018\",\"description\":\"Explore the ranking trends of various industries from 2018 to 2024. This bump chart visualizes the changes in ranks of industries like Technology, Finance, Healthcare, and Energy over the years.\",\"industrial_level\":\"Industrial level\",\"download\":\"Download\",\"clear\":\"Clear\",\"all\":\"All\",\"entity\":\"Entity\",\"position\":\"Position\",\"productivity\":\"Productivity\",\"productivity_energy\":\"Productivity of energy\",\"productivity_fossils\":\"Productivity of fossil fuels\",\"productivity_packaging\":\"Productivity of packaging\",\"productivity_water\":\"Productivity of water\",\"level\":\"Level\",\"tabs\":{\"subsector\":\"Subsector\",\"rama\":\"Industry Group\"},\"productivity_titles\":{\"productivity_fossils\":\"Productivity of fossil fuels\",\"productivity_energy\":\"Productivity of electricity\",\"productivity_water\":\"Productivity of water\",\"productivity_packaging\":\"Productivity of packaging\"},\"productivity_info\":\"Refers to the value of what is produced for each peso spent on the input.\",\"productivity_definitions\":{\"productivity_fossils\":\"Results from dividing the gross industrial production by the total expenditure on fossil fuels, lubricants, and energy used in the production process.\",\"productivity_energy\":\"Results from dividing the gross industrial production by the total expenditure on electricity used in the production process.\",\"productivity_water\":\"Results from dividing the gross industrial production by the total expenditure on water for human consumption or used in the production process.\",\"productivity_packaging\":\"Results from dividing the gross industrial production by the total expenditure on packaging used to contain, improve presentation, and protect products from abuse, decomposition, damage, or spoilage.\"}},\"regions\":{\"title\":\"Regions specialization\",\"coefficient\":\"Localization coefficient (LC)\",\"subtitles\":{\"estate\":\"Industrial location by state\",\"metro_zone\":\"Industrial location by metropolitan area\",\"mun\":\"Industrial location by municipality\",\"info\":\"Regions with a CL \u003e=1 are highlighted.\"},\"info\":\"Industrial location or localization coefficient (LC) is a measure of the relative concentration of establishments of a particular industry in a specific region, compared to its distribution in a broader area, in our
1case, at the national level.\",\"table\":{\"region\":\"Region\",\"index\":\"Index\",\"cl\":\"LC\",\"scale\":\"Scale\",\"estate\":\"State\"},\"tabs\":{\"map\":\"Map\",\"table\":\"Table\",\"estate\":\"State\",\"metro_zone\":\"Metro zone\",\"mun\":\"Municipality\",\"subsector\":\"Subsector\",\"rama\":\"Industry group\",\"history\":\"History\"},\"selects\":{\"view_as\":\"View as\",\"geo_level\":\"Geographical level\",\"industry_level\":\"Industrial level\",\"subsector\":\"Subsector\",\"rama\":\"Industry group\",\"period\":\"Period\"}},\"localization\":{\"coefficient\":\"Localization Coefficient (LC)\",\"subtitles\":{\"structure\":\"Industrial structure in\",\"establishments\":\"establishments by\",\"subsector\":\"Subsector\",\"rama\":\"Economic industry group\",\"in\":\"In\",\"where\":\"where\",\"the_most_important_subsectors\":\"the most important subsectors\",\"the_most_important_ramas\":\"the most important industry groups\",\"with_base_on\":\"with base on the number of establishments\",\"establishments_text\":\"establishments\",\"estate\":\"in the state\",\"zm\":\"in the metro zone\",\"mun\":\"in the municipality\"},\"info\":\"Industrial location (location coefficient) refers to the relative concentration of establishments of a particular industry in a specific region, compared to its distribution in a broader area, in our case, at the national level.\",\"table\":{\"region\":\"Region\",\"index\":\"Index\",\"cl\":\"LC\",\"scale\":\"Scale\",\"estate\":\"State\"},\"tabs\":{\"map\":\"Map\",\"table\":\"Table\",\"estate\":\"Estatal\",\"metro_zone\":\"Metro Zone\",\"mun\":\"Municipality\",\"subsector\":\"Subsector\",\"rama\":\"Industry Group\"},\"selects\":{\"view_as\":\"View as\",\"geo_level\":\"Geographical level\",\"industry_level\":\"Industrial level\",\"subsector\":\"Subsector\",\"rama\":\"Industry group\",\"state\":\"State\",\"metro_zone\":\"Metropolitan zone\",\"mun\":\"Municipality\",\"period\":\"Period\"}},\"map_tooltip\":{\"label\":\"LC\"},\"text\":{\"year\":\"In\",\"states\":\"the states\",\"metro_zones\":\"the metropolitan zones\",\"municipalities\":\"the municipalities\",\"specialization\":\"with a higher concentration of establishments related to\",\"subsector\":\"the subsector of\",\"industry\":\"the industry of\",\"top_entities\":\"were\",\"and\":\"and\"},\"source\":{\"source\":\"Source\",\"text\":\"With information from\",\"text_link\":\"National Statistical Directory of Economic Units (DENUE).\"},\"loading\":\"Loading...\"},\"Graphs\":{\"unit\":{\"usd_per_capita\":\"USD per capita\",\"people\":\"People\",\"tonnes\":\"Tonnes\",\"yield_per_hectare_crops\":\"Yield (metric tons) per hectare of crops planted\",\"fraction_crop_area\":\"Fraction of crop area that is subject to no-till\",\"percentage\":\"Percentage\",\"percent_total\":\"Percent of total\",\"percent_total_area\":\"Percent of total 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