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365<p align="right"><font size="2"><b>Fresco Painting Introduction (What is Fresco?)</b></font><br><br></p>
366
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371
372
373          <p>
374 <font size="3">
375  <i><b>Affresco ( In
376              English usage, &quot;fresco&quot; ). Painting done on freshly laid wet
377              plaster with pigments dissolved in lime water. As both dry they
378              become completely integrated.</b> </i><br>
379              <br>
380              In true fresco the artist must start applying his colors on the
381              wet (or fresco) intonaco as soon as it has been prepared and laid
382              on the wall. The colors can thus be absorbed by the wet plaster.
383              When it dries and hardens, the colors become one with plaster.<br>
384              <br>
385              Technically speaking the plaster does not &quot;dry&quot; but rather a
386              chemical reaction occurs in which calcium carbonate is formed as a
387              result of carbon dioxide from the air combining with the calcium
388              hydrate in the wet plaster.<br/><br />
389</font>
390
391
392          <font size="2">In it's essence, fresco or fresco painting is an - application of natural mineral pigments
393          to a surface on which a following chemical reaction takes place: </font></P>
394
395<P><font size="2"><font color="#ff9933"><b>Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) ----&gt; CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) </b></font></font></P>
396
397<center>
398
399<img src="/new_images/lime_cycle-fresco_painting-paint-time-600.png" width="500">
400
401</center>
402
403<P><font size="2">
404Calcium Hydrate (burned lime stone or marble mixed with water also called calcium hydroxide)
405combined with carbon dioxide resulting in the formation of Calcium Carbonate - lime stone, marble.
406The pigment gets trapped within the newly formed calcite crystal. It is like "Painting with molten Marble".
407</font></P>
408<P><font size="2">
409Those elements naturally surround people from the beginning of time.
410Calcium Hydrate - moist lime stone walls of the caves at first and plastered walls and ceilings
411of the buildings later. Paints prepared from natural pigments made of minerals, earth oxides and
412clays and mixed with water. Painting in Fresco results in a painting being a part of the newly
413formed stone/wall rather than being a "film on a surface".
414</font></P>
415<P><font size="2">
416This fact makes fresco the only pure "organic" or "green" method of painting - no solvents,
417glues or man-made materials are used. It is also most permanent method of painting which will not fade, flake off, etc.
418The aged crumbling look of old frescoes is a result of the damage to the wall surface, not the painting.
419Recently cleaned frescoes by Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel are the great example of the permanence of the medium.
420</font></P>
421<P><font size="2">Fresco painting is a direct product of the desire of our species to communicate by visual
422means when the “words are not enough or do not yet exist” and a desire to "leave a mark". A "Primal Graffitti"
423of our ancestors (wall paintings in Neolithic limestone caves) that have evolved into the Grand medium of the Empires and Nations.
424With earliest known examples from over 40,000 ago, fresco painting is the most practiced method of
425painting present in every culture and utilized by every known civilization for decorating of the most
426treasured environments, palaces, public places.
427</font></P>
428
429<P><font size="2">It is said that fresco painting is the logical link between architecture and decoration.
430During the Renaissance Fresco was regarded to as "The Mother of All Arts" this statement is as relevant today as it was then.
431Every culture and it's painting in particular is greatly influenced by fresco. Prior to "printing age" public buildings
432and common places, decorated with the wall paintings (frescoes), were the only sources from which people and artists
433specifically could learn about current painting techniques and styles as well as about the art techniques of the past - unearthed
434painting of Pompeii that survived centuries underground due to being true frescoes is just one example of that.
435</font></P>
436<P><font size="2">
437Visual reference provided by Frescoes led to overall development and refinement of the painting, drawing and composition techniques
438themselves. The magnificent frescoes of the Renaissance are the great example of the levels to which fresco painting has enabled
439artists to refine the art of painting. In fresco the artist has relatively short period of time to complete the painting.
440The painting must be done while the chemical reaction is taking place, which is generally 6-12 hours (large works are done
441in sections proportionate to the area that can be completed in a day).
442</font></P>
443<P><font size="2">
444Fresco is a challenging medium - it does not allow for errors or corrections which require adequate level of
445the artistic and technical skill. Due to this fact paintings done in fresco are mainly created by the most
446significant artists of the time and consequently found in the most treasured environments. Being present in our lives from
447"the beginning of time" fresco paintings became the most recognized works of art throughout the world.
448Every culture and every nation does identify with the monuments of the past as their cultural roots.
449If the monument carries a painting it is most likely a fresco simply because that will be almost a requirement to
450last through the centuries or millennia.
451</font></P>
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460		<td>&nbsp;</td>
461		<td>
462		<p align="justify"><font size="2">To contact Fresco School use
463		<a href="https://frescoschool.net/contact/">Contact Form</a> or call:<br>
464		(310) 779-5079 10 AM - 6 PM PST <br /><br />
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554        var validatorLoaded=jQuery("#fake-form").validate({});
555    } catch(err) {
556        setTimeout('mce_preload_check();', 250);
557        return;
558    }
559    mce_init_form();
560}
561function mce_init_form(){
562    jQuery(document).ready( function($) {
563      var options = { errorClass: 'mce_inline_error', errorElement: 'div', onkeyup: function(){}, onfocusout:function(){}, onblur:function(){}  };
564      var mce_validator = $("#mc-embedded-subscribe-form").validate(options);
565      $("#mc-embedded-subscribe-form").unbind('submit');//remove the validator so we can get into beforeSubmit on the ajaxform, which then calls the validator
566      options = { url: 'http://FrescoSchool.us3.list-manage.com/subscribe/post-json?u=92b1ea8dca52ccd6bb04d022f&id=10f304bd85&c=?', type: 'GET', dataType: 'json', contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
567                    beforeSubmit: function(){
568                        $('#mce_tmp_error_msg').remove();
569                        $('.datefield','#mc_embed_signup').each(
570                            function(){
571                                var txt = 'filled';
572                                var fields = new Array();
573                                var i = 0;
574                                $(':text', this).each(
575                                    function(){
576                                        fields[i] = this;
577                                        i++;
578                                    });
579                                $(':hidden', this).each(
580                                    function(){
581                                        var bday = false;
582                                        if (fields.length == 2){
583                                            bday = true;
584                                            fields[2] = {'value':1970};//trick birthdays into having years
585                                        }
586                                    	if ( fields[0].value=='MM' && fields[1].value=='DD' && (fields[2].value=='YYYY' || (bday && fields[2].value==1970) ) ){
587                                    		this.value = '';
588									    } else if ( fields[0].value=='' && fields[1].value=='' && (fields[2].value=='' || (bday && fields[2].value==1970) ) ){
589                                    		this.value = '';
590									    } else {
591									        if (/\[day\]/.test(fields[0].name)){
592    	                                        this.value = fields[1].value+'/'+fields[0].value+'/'+fields[2].value;
593									        } else {
594    	                                        this.value = fields[0].value+'/'+fields[1].value+'/'+fields[2].value;
595	                                        }
596	                                    }
597                                    });
598                            });
599                        $('.phonefield-us','#mc_embed_signup').each(
600                            function(){
601                                var fields = new Array();
602                                var i = 0;
603                                $(':text', this).each(
604                                    function(){
605                                        fields[i] = this;
606                                        i++;
607                                    });
608                                $(':hidden', this).each(
609                                    function(){
610                                        if ( fields[0].value.length != 3 || fields[1].value.length!=3 || fields[2].value.length!=4 ){
611                                    		this.value = '';
612									    } else {
613									        this.value = 'filled';
614	                                    }
615                                    });
616                            });
617                        return mce_validator.form();
618                    },
619                    success: mce_success_cb
620                };
621      $('#mc-embedded-subscribe-form').ajaxForm(options);
622
623
624    });
625}
626function mce_success_cb(resp){
627    $('#mce-success-response').hide();
628    $('#mce-error-response').hide();
629    if (resp.result=="success"){
630        $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show();
631        $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(resp.msg);
632        $('#mc-embedded-subscribe-form').each(function(){
633            this.reset();
634    	});
635    } else {
636        var index = -1;
637        var msg;
638        try {
639            var parts = resp.msg.split(' - ',2);
640            if (parts[1]==undefined){
641                msg = resp.msg;
642            } else {
643                i = parseInt(parts[0]);
644                if (i.toString() == parts[0]){
645                    index = parts[0];
646                    msg = parts[1];
647                } else {
648                    index = -1;
649                    msg = resp.msg;
650                }
651            }
652        } catch(e){
653            index = -1;
654            msg = resp.msg;
655        }
656        try{
657            if (index== -1){
658                $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show();
659                $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(msg);
660            } else {
661                err_id = 'mce_tmp_error_msg';
662                html = '<div id="'+err_id+'" style="'+err_style+'"> '+msg+'</div>';
663
664                var input_id = '#mc_embed_signup';
665                var f = $(input_id);
666                if (ftypes[index]=='address'){
667                    input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index]+'-addr1';
668                    f = $(input_id).parent().parent().get(0);
669                } else if (ftypes[index]=='date'){
670                    input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index]+'-month';
671                    f = $(input_id).parent().parent().get(0);
672                } else {
673                    input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index];
674                    f = $().parent(input_id).get(0);
675                }
676                if (f){
677                    $(f).append(html);
678                    $(input_id).focus();
679                } else {
680                    $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show();
681                    $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(msg);
682                }
683            }
684        } catch(e){
685            $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show();
686            $('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(msg);
687        }
688    }
689}
690
691</script>
691
692<!--End mc_embed_signup-->
693
694
695</td>
696</tr>
697</table>
698</td>
699</tr>
700<tr>
701<td bgcolor="#EEF9DF">
702<!--<a target="_blank" href="http://truefresco.com/frescoshop">
703<img border="0" src="http://frescoschool.org/images/frescoshop_store_logo-200.png" width="200" height="46"></a>-->
704
705
706<center>
707
708<a href="http://frescoschool.org/start-here.html"><img border="0" src="../images/frescoschool-get-started-button-200.jpg"></a>
709
710</center>
711
712
713</td>
714<td bgcolor="#E0F6C6">
715<!--<a target="_blank" href="http://fresco-techniques.com">
716<img border="0" src="http://frescoschool.org/images/fresco-techniques277.gif" width="277" height="115">
717</a>-->
718</td>
719<td bgcolor="#CCE3AD">
720
721
722<img border="0" src="http://frescoschool.org/images/legal.gif" width="263" height="115">
723
724
725</td></tr>
726
727
728
729</table>
730<center><br><br>
731
732<!--
733<a href="http://pdpa.org/index.php" target="_blank"><img alt="professional decorative painters assosiation" src="http://WWW.frescoschool.org/new_images/pdpa468.jpg" width="468" border="0" /></a><br><br>
734
735<a href="http://www.truefresco.com/frescoshop/index.php?cPath=29" target="_blank"> <img alt="Proceed professional art materials manufactured by Golden" src="http://WWW.frescoschool.org/new_images/proceed-golden-banner-white468.gif" width="468" height="71" border="0" /></a><br><br>-->
736
737
738<a href="http://frescoshop.com"><font size=1>FrescoShop.com</font></a></center>
739
740
741
742
743<script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" type="text/javascript">
744</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 744
744
745<script type="text/javascript">
746_uacct = "UA-1257973-2";
747urchinTracker();
748</script>
748
749
750<script src="//code.tidio.co/e4xdz8sddeawfoigeicslpe2jansfh2k.js" async></script>
750
751
752<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
753
754<a href="http://extremetracking.com/open?login=fresco99"
755target="_top"><img src="http://t1.extreme-dm.com/i.gif"
756name="EXim" border="0" height="38" width="41"
757alt="eXTReMe Tracker"></img></a>
758<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript1.2"><!--
759EXs=screen;EXw=EXs.width;navigator.appName!="Netscape"?
760EXb=EXs.colorDepth:EXb=EXs.pixelDepth;//-->
761</script>
761<script type="text/javascript"><!--
762var EXlogin='fresco99' // Login
763var EXvsrv='s9' // VServer
764navigator.javaEnabled()==1?EXjv="y":EXjv="n";
765EXd=document;EXw?"":EXw="na";EXb?"":EXb="na";
766EXd.write("<img src=\"http://e0.extreme-dm.com",
767"/"+EXvsrv+".g?login="+EXlogin+"&amp;",
768"jv="+EXjv+"&amp;j=y&amp;srw="+EXw+"&amp;srb="+EXb+"&amp;",
769"l="+escape(EXd.referrer)+"\" height=1 width=1>");//-->
770</script>
770<noscript><img height="1" width="1" alt=""
771src="http://e0.extreme-dm.com/s9.g?login=fresco99&amp;j=n&amp;jv=n"/>
772</noscript>
773</body>
774</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.