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245	
246<h2 id="fancy-title-3" class="mk-fancy-title  simple-style   color-single">
247	<span>
248				<p><span style="color: #2f367a;">The Discovery</span></p>
249			</span>
250</h2>
251<div class="clearboth"></div>
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255</div>
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257<div class="vc_col-sm-6 box1 wpb_column column_container vc_custom_1492173960801  _ height-full">
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265	
266<h2 id="fancy-title-6" class="mk-fancy-title  simple-style   color-single">
267	<span>
268				<p><span style="color: #2f367a;">We found that the caterpillar of the moth Galleria mellonella can degrade Polyethylene (PE) within 1 hour from initial contact.</span></p>
269			</span>
270</h2>
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278<div  data-mk-stretch-content="true" class="wpb_row vc_row vc_row-fluid  mk-fullwidth-false  attched-false     js-master-row  mk-grid">
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283<div class="vc_col-sm-9 wpb_column column_container vc_custom_1494515874077  _ height-full">
284	<div  class="mk-image mk-image-9   align-left simple-frame inside-image " style="margin-bottom:10px"><div class="mk-image-container" style="max-width: 3528px;"><div  class="mk-image-holder" style="max-width: 3528px;"><div class="mk-image-inner  "><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="lightbox-false" alt="The larva (or caterpillar) of the the larva of the moth Galleria mellonella" title="The larva (or caterpillar) of the the larva of the moth Galleria mellonella" width="3528" height="2232" src="https://www.plasticentropy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/cesar-hernandez_csic_gusanos-plastico-web.jpg" /></div></div><div class="clearboth"></div></div></div>
285<h2 id="fancy-title-10" class="mk-fancy-title  simple-style   color-single">
286	<span>
287				<p class="p1">The larva (<em>or caterpillar</em>) of the moth <em>Galleria mellonella</em>, also known as wax worm.</p>
288<h6>Image credit: Cesar Hernandez/CSIC</h6>
289			</span>
290</h2>
291<div class="clearboth"></div>
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295<div  class="mk-image mk-image-11   align-right simple-frame inside-image " style="margin-bottom:10px"><div class="mk-image-container" style="max-width: 4256px;"><div  class="mk-image-holder" style="max-width: 4256px;"><div class="mk-image-inner  "><img decoding="async" class="lightbox-false" alt="cesar-hernandezcsic_gusanos-plastico-3" title="cesar-hernandezcsic_gusanos-plastico-3" width="4256" height="2832" src="https://www.plasticentropy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/cesar-hernandezcsic_gusanos-plastico-3.jpg" /></div></div><div class="clearboth"></div></div></div>
296<h2 id="fancy-title-12" class="mk-fancy-title  simple-style   color-single">
297	<span>
298				<p class="p1">After contact with the wax worm for less than an hour, the plastic bag becomes full of holes.</p>
299<h6>Image credit: Cesar Hernandez/CSIC</h6>
300			</span>
301</h2>
302<div class="clearboth"></div>
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309<div  data-mk-stretch-content="true" class="wpb_row vc_row vc_row-fluid  mk-fullwidth-false  attched-false     js-master-row  mk-grid">
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312	
313<h2 id="fancy-title-14" class="mk-fancy-title  mk-animate-element fade-in  simple-style   color-single">
314	<span>
315				<p class="p1">When a thin film (20–30 µm) of PE comes in contact with the wax worm, the plastic undergoes a chemical change.</p>
316<p class="p1">We found that the chemical structure of the plastic is altered, with introduction of oxygen (oxidation). This oxidation is key to our discovery. The main goal is to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for this reaction.</p>
317			</span>
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330</div>
331<h2 id="fancy-title-16" class="mk-fancy-title  mk-animate-element fade-in  simple-style   color-single">
332	<span>
333				<p class="p1"><span class="p1">For details about our discovery, click <strong><a href="https://www.plasticentropy.com/paper/Bombelli-et-al-2017.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a></strong></span></p>
334			</span>
335</h2>
336<div class="clearboth"></div>
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343<div  data-mk-stretch-content="true" class="wpb_row vc_row vc_row-fluid  mk-fullwidth-false  attched-false     js-master-row  mk-grid">
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347</div>
348<h2 id="fancy-title-18" class="mk-fancy-title  mk-animate-element fade-in  simple-style   color-single">
349	<span>
350				<p class="p1">Supplemental Information: <strong><a href="https://www.plasticentropy.com/paper/Bombelli-et-al-2017-Suppl.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="p1">here</span></a></strong></p>
351			</span>
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358</div></div>
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361<div  data-mk-stretch-content="true" class="wpb_row vc_row vc_row-fluid  mk-fullwidth-false  attched-false     js-master-row  mk-grid">
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365<h2 id="fancy-title-20" class="mk-fancy-title  mk-animate-element fade-in  simple-style   color-single">
366	<span>
367				<p class="p1" style="color: #2f367a;"><b>We went a step further and discovered the key of this oxidation reaction.</b></p>
368			</span>
369</h2>
370<div class="clearboth"></div>
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375<h2 id="fancy-title-21" class="mk-fancy-title  mk-animate-element fade-in  simple-style   color-single">
376	<span>
377				<p class="p1">Enzymes in the wax worm saliva are responsible for the PE oxidation and the break down of the polymer within hours. However, we still do not understand how it happens.</p>
378<p class="p1">These enzymes can be applied to plastic in water solution at room temperature: in contact with a low-density PE (LDPE), bag they cause the formation of degradation products such as ketones, among other compounds. This new discovery opens up a highway of potential applications in the field of plastic bioremediation via biorecycling.</p>
379			</span>
380</h2>
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388<div  data-mk-stretch-content="true" class="wpb_row vc_row vc_row-fluid  mk-fullwidth-false  attched-false     js-master-row  mk-grid">
389				
390<div class="vc_col-sm-12 fullbox wpb_column column_container   _ height-full">
391	<div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_grey" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span  class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span  class="vc_sep_line"></span></span>
392</div><div  class="mk-image mk-image-23   align-left simple-frame inside-image " style="margin-bottom:20px"><div class="mk-image-container" style="max-width: 300px;"><div  class="mk-image-holder" style="max-width: 300px;"><div class="mk-image-inner  "><img decoding="async" class="lightbox-false" alt="ncomms-logo-black" title="ncomms-logo-black" width="300" height="30" src="https://www.plasticentropy.com/w
392p-content/uploads/2022/10/ncomms-logo-black-1.png" /></div></div><div class="clearboth"></div></div></div>
393<h2 id="fancy-title-24" class="mk-fancy-title  simple-style   color-single">
394	<span>
395				<p class="p1">For further details, <b><u><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-33127-w" target="_blank" rel="noopener">see Sanluis et al., 2022</a></u></b></p>
396			</span>
397</h2>
398<div class="clearboth"></div>
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403</div><div  class="mk-image mk-image-25   align-left simple-frame inside-image " style="margin-bottom:20px"><div class="mk-image-container" style="max-width: 300px;"><div  class="mk-image-holder" style="max-width: 300px;"><div class="mk-image-inner  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="lightbox-false" alt="plos-one-color" title="plos-one-color" width="300" height="30" src="https://www.plasticentropy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/plos-one-color.png" /></div></div><div class="clearboth"></div></div></div>
404<h2 id="fancy-title-26" class="mk-fancy-title  simple-style   color-single">
405	<span>
406				<p class="p1">For further details, <b><u><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0280391" target="_blank" rel="noopener">see Serrano et al., 2023</a></u></b></p>
407			</span>
408</h2>
409<div class="clearboth"></div>
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414</div><div  class="mk-image mk-image-27   align-left simple-frame inside-image " style="margin-bottom:20px"><div class="mk-image-container" style="max-width: 300px;"><div  class="mk-image-holder" style="max-width: 300px;"><div class="mk-image-inner  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="lightbox-false" alt="plos-biology" title="plos-biology" width="300" height="30" src="https://www.plasticentropy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/plos-biology.png" /></div></div><div class="clearboth"></div></div></div>
415<h2 id="fancy-title-28" class="mk-fancy-title  simple-style   color-single">
416	<span>
417				<p class="p1">For further details, <b><u><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001979" target="_blank" rel="noopener">see Bertocchini et al., 2023</a></u></b></p>
418			</span>
419</h2>
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425</div><div  class="mk-image mk-image-29   align-left simple-frame inside-image " style="margin-bottom:20px"><div class="mk-image-container" style="max-width: 175px;"><div  class="mk-image-holder" style="max-width: 175px;"><div class="mk-image-inner  "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="lightbox-false" alt="science-advance-logo" title="science-advance-logo" width="175" height="30" src="https://www.plasticentropy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/science-advance-logo.png" /></div></div><div class="clearboth"></div></div></div>
426<h2 id="fancy-title-30" class="mk-fancy-title  simple-style   color-single">
427	<span>
428				<p class="p1">For further details, <b><u><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi6813" target="_blank" rel="noopener">see Spinola-Amilibia et al., 2023</a></u></b></p>
429			</span>
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