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1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html lang="es">
3<head>
4<meta charset="UTF-8">
5<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
6<title>Tribus | Apachería</title>
7<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
8<link rel="pingback" href="https://apacheria.es/xmlrpc.php">
9<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
10
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14function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( element_id ) {
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17}
18function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) {
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20	for ( var i = 0; i < dom_nodes.length; i++ ) {
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22	}
23}
24function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() {
25	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" );
26	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" );
27	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" );
28	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" );
29	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" );
30	wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" );
31}
32
33// Watch for messages back from the remote login
34window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) {
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48			var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ );
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52				&& id_regex.test( data.wpcomid )
53			) {
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56				script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" );
57				script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate'
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60					+ '&host=' + window.location.protocol
61					+ '//' + window.location.hostname
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67			return;
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70		// Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect
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84			var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' );
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89			return;
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96			// Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob
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119
120			var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } ';
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122			var style = document.createElement( 'style' );
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131		if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) {
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136
137// Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load
138// more critical resources
139window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) {
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142	iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" );
143	iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" );
144	iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php"
145		+ "?wpcom_remote_login=key"
146		+ "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9hcGFjaGVyaWEuZXM%3D"
147		+ "&wpcomid=88244673"
148		+ "&time=" + Math.floor( Date.now() / 1000 );
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150}, false );
151</script>
151
152<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' />
153<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' />
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156<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' />
157<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//af.pubmine.com' />
158<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Apachería &raquo; Feed" href="https://apacheria.es/feed/" />
159<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Apachería &raquo; Feed de los comentarios" href="https://apacheria.es/comments/feed/" />
160	
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561		<h1 class="entry-title">Tribus</h1>
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565		<p><a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/tribus-apaches2.jpg"><img data-attachment-id="12203" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/tribus-apaches/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/tribus-apaches2.jpg" data-orig-size="895,626" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}" data-image-title="Tribus apaches" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/tribus-apaches2.jpg?w=700" class=" wp-image-12203 aligncenter" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/tribus-apaches2.jpg?w=695&#038;h=487" alt="" width="695" height="487" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/tribus-apaches2.jpg?w=300 300w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/tribus-apaches2.jpg?w=695 695w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/tribus-apaches2.jpg?w=150 150w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/tribus-apaches2.jpg?w=768 768w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/tribus-apaches2.jpg 895w" sizes="(max-width: 695px) 100vw, 695px" /></a></p>
566<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">Clasificar las tribus apaches es tremendamente difícil, pues ni siquiera los<a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-apache-y-kiowa-apache-jonathan-smith.png"><img data-attachment-id="12206" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/lipan-apache-y-kiowa-apache-jonathan-smith/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-apache-y-kiowa-apache-jonathan-smith.png" data-orig-size="314,534" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Lipan Apache y Kiowa-Apache &amp;#8211; Jonathan Smith" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-apache-y-kiowa-apache-jonathan-smith.png?w=314" class=" wp-image-12206 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-apache-y-kiowa-apache-jonathan-smith.png?w=192&#038;h=327" alt="" width="192" height="327" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-apache-y-kiowa-apache-jonathan-smith.png?w=176 176w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-apache-y-kiowa-apache-jonathan-smith.png?w=192 192w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-apache-y-kiowa-apache-jonathan-smith.png?w=88 88w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-apache-y-kiowa-apache-jonathan-smith.png 314w" sizes="(max-width: 192px) 100vw, 192px" /></a> antropólogos se han puesto de acuerdo. Ante las diferentes clasificaciones realizadas por prestigiosos historiadores y ante la dificultad de elegir una de ellas, todas muy lógicas, quien esto escribe ha decidido hacerlo de esta manera: <span style="color: #800000"><strong>jicarillas</strong></span>, <strong><span style="color: #800000">Kiowa-Apache</span><span style="color: #800000">s</span></strong>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>lipanes</strong></span> y <span style="color: #800000"><strong>llaneros</strong><span style="color: #000000">, </span><span style="color: #000000">formando parte de los apaches orientales, con muy poco o nada que ver, con el resto de apaches, debido al lugar en que vivían, es decir, eran tribus de las praderas; y <span style="color: #800000"><strong>chiricahuas</strong></span>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>mescaleros</strong> </span>y <strong><span style="color: #800000">Western Apaches</span></strong>, como apaches occidentales. </span></span></span></p>
567<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">Grenville Goodwin llamó</span> <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Western Apaches</strong></span> <span style="color: #000000">a todos los apaches que vivían en Arizona, excepto a los</span> <span style="color: #800000"><strong>chiricahuas</strong> </span><span style="color: #000000">y a una pequeña banda de <a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apaches-jonathan-smith.png"><img data-attachment-id="12205" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/apaches-jonathan-smith/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apaches-jonathan-smith.png" data-orig-size="352,507" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Apaches &amp;#8211; Jonathan Smith" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apaches-jonathan-smith.png?w=352" class=" wp-image-12205 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apaches-jonathan-smith.png?w=241&#038;h=348" alt="" width="241" height="348" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apaches-jonathan-smith.png?w=208 208w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apaches-jonathan-smith.png?w=241 241w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apaches-jonathan-smith.png?w=104 104w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apaches-jonathan-smith.png 352w" sizes="(max-width: 241px) 100v
567w, 241px" /></a><strong>apaches pacíficos</strong>, denominados <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></em><strong><em>mansos</em></strong><em><span class="st">”</span></em> que vivía cerca de Tucson <em>(Pima County,</em> <em>Arizona)</em>. Keith H. Basso indicó que los <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Western Apaches</strong></span> tenían unas características que les diferenciaban claramente de las demás tribus apaches, como los clanes matrilineales. </span></p>
568<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #800000"><span style="color: #000000">Los navajos <em>(<span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong>yutajen-né</strong><span class="st">”</span>)</em> también formarían parte de la división occidental, pero, aunque los españoles les llamaron <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong>apaches del Navajú</strong><span class="st">”</span></em>, muchos historiadores defienden que pronto desarrollaron una cultura específica, diferente del resto de los apaches.</span></span><br />
569</span></p>
570<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">A la dificultad de su clasificación se añade el hecho de que, a lo largo de la historia, los diferentes grupos han ido cambiando de nombre, muchas veces llamados así por los españoles: querechos, faraones, lipiyanes, natagés, carlanas, cuartelejos, chafalotes, mogollones, gileños, etc., hasta los nombres actuales. Les llamaban de una manera determinada</span> <span style="color: #000000"> en función del lugar en el que vivían, de las actividades que desarrollaban o del nombre de su líder.</span></p>
571<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">Principales tribus y los territorios que ocupaban:<span id="result_box" lang="es"><span style="color: #800000"><strong> chiricahuas</strong></span>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>jicarillas</strong></span>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apaches</strong></span>, </span><span style="color: #800000"><strong>lipanes</strong><span style="color: #000000">,</span><strong> llaneros</strong><span style="color: #000000">,</span> <strong>mescaleros</strong> <span style="color: #000000">y</span> <strong>Western Apaches</strong>.</span></span></p>
572<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #800000"><strong>* Chiricahuas</strong><span style="color: #000000">: No se sabe con exactitud de donde viene el término chiricahua. Unos dicen que de la palabra ópata <a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/chiricahuas-richard-hook.png"><img data-attachment-id="18578" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/chiricahuas-richard-hook/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/chiricahuas-richard-hook.png" data-orig-size="363,519" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Chiricahuas &amp;#8211; Richard Hook" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/chiricahuas-richard-hook.png?w=363" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-18578 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/chiricahuas-richard-hook.png?w=210&#038;h=300" alt="" width="210" height="300" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/chiricahuas-richard-hook.png?w=210 210w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/chiricahuas-richard-hook.png?w=105 105w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/chiricahuas-richard-hook.png 363w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px" /></a><em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>chiguicagui<span class="st">”</span></em>, que significa<em> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>montaña de los pavos salvajes<span class="st">”</span></em>; otros del náhuatl <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></em><i>achiricahua<em><span class="st">”</span></em></i>,<em> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>los que son pocos<span class="st">”</span></em>. Ellos se llamaban a sí mismos <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><em><strong><span class="hps">sagatajen</span><span class="atn">&#8211;</span>né</strong><span class="st">”</span></em>, siendo los más belicosos. Se dividían</span></span></span><span style="color: #800000"><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es"> en cuatro subgrupos:</span></span></span></p>
573<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es">1.<span style="color: #800000"><strong> B</strong></span></span><span style="color: #800000"><strong>edonkohes</strong><span style="color: #000000">. S</span></span>e llamaban a sí mismos<em>, <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>de pie frente al enemigo<span class="st">”</span></em>. Era la más pequeña de las cuatro bandas chiricahuas. Muchos bedonkohes estaban muy unidos a los chihennes, llamando a esa unidad con el nombre de Ne-be-ke-yen-de, que significa<em> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“P</span></span>aís de la Gente<span class="st">”</span></em> o <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“L</span></span>a Tierra es suya<span class="st">”</span></em>, en referencia a las grandes reuniones tribales que hacían en la zona de Santa Lucía Springs, situado al nordeste de las Burro Mountains, a pocos kilómetros aguas abajo del río Gila, cerca de la actual Mangas <em>(Catron County, New Mexico)</em>. Algunos defienden que eran un subgrupo de los chihennes. Su territorio estaba entre el sudeste de Arizona y el suroeste de New Mexico; es decir, al sudeste de los chokonen y al suroeste de los chihennes. A la muerte de <strong>Mangas Coloradas</strong>, esta banda se unió a los chokonen y a los nednais. El bedonkohe más conocido era <a title="Gerónimo" href="https://apacheria.es/geronimo/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><span style="color: #800000">Gerónimo</span></strong></a></span><span style="color: #000000">.</span></p>
574<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">2.<span style="color: #800000"><strong> Chihennes</strong><span style="color: #000000">.</span></span> Según el antropólogo Morris E. Opler, los situados más al norte y al este<a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/red-paint-people-nicholas-coleman.png"><img data-attachment-id="14463" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/red-paint-people-nicholas-coleman/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/red-paint-people-nicholas-coleman.png" data-orig-size="390,519" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Red Paint People &amp;#8211; Nicholas Coleman" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/red-paint-people-nicholas-coleman.png?w=390" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-14463 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/red-paint-people-nicholas-coleman.png?w=244&#038;h=324" alt="" width="244" height="324" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/red-paint-people-nicholas-coleman.png?w=225 225w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/red-paint-people-nicholas-coleman.png?w=244 244w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/red-paint-people-nicholas-coleman.png?w=113 113w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/red-paint-people-nicholas-coleman.png 390w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px" /></a> de los chiricahuas. Se llamaban a sí mismos <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong>iccujen-né</strong><span class="st">”</span></em>, <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>la gente pintada de rojo<span class="st">”</span></em>. Los españoles llamaron <strong>gileños</strong> a los apaches que vivían en las fuentes del río Gila <em>(ellos se denominaban</em> </span><span style="color: #000000"><em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong>tjuiccujen-né</strong><span class="st">”</span>)</em></span><span style="color: #000000">; y <em><strong>mogolloneros </strong></em>a los apaches de</span><span style="color: #000000"> la Sierra de Mogollón<em> (Mogollon Mountains, Grant &amp; Catron Counties, New Mexico). </em>Estos dos grupos habitaban la misma zona que los apaches denominados <span style="color: #800000"><strong>chihennes</strong></span>. </span></p>
575<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">Los </span><span style="color: #000000">mexicanos les llamaron <strong><em>mimbreño</em>s</strong> y los estadounidenses <em><strong>Copper Mines</strong>,</em> <em><strong>Warm Springs</strong></em> <em>u</em> <em><strong>Ojo Caliente</strong></em> <em>(por las fuentes de agua de Ojo Caliente de 57&#8217;22 grados de temperatura)</em>. Vivían al oeste del Río Grande y en las Cuchillo, Mimbres, Mogollon y Florida Mountains, Black Range, Victorio Peak y Pinos Altos, en New Mexico. </span><span style="color: #000000">Sus líderes más conocidos son <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Cuchillo Negro</strong></span>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Itán</strong><span style="color: #000000">, </span></span><a title="Mangas Coloradas" href="https://apacheria.es/mangas-coloradas/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><span style="color: #800000">Mangas Coloradas</span></strong></a> <em>(bedonkohe de nacimiento pero chihenne por matrimonio)</em>, <a title="Victorio" href="https://apacheria.es/victorio/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><span style="color: #800000">Victorio</span></strong></a>
575, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Loco</strong></span> y <a title="Nana" href="https://apacheria.es/nana/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><span style="color: #800000">Nana</span></strong></a></span><span style="color: #000000">.</span></p>
576<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">3.<span style="color: #800000"><strong> Chokonen</strong><span style="color: #000000">.</span></span> Opler los llamó los chiricahuas del centro. Divididos en varios grupos: Los <strong>Cai-a-he-ne </strong><em>(grupo local de<strong> Cochise</strong>)</em>, que significa <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>Gente del Sol Poniente<span class="st">”</span></em>, porque su territorio estaba más al oeste. Otros grupos<span style="color: #800000"> <span style="color: #000000">habitaban las Chiricahua Mountains, a las que llamaban <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>Tse-ga-ta-hen-de<span class="st">” </span></em><span class="st">o <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>Gente de Espacios de Roca”</em>; las Dragoon Mountains, llamadas <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></em></span><em>Dzil-dun-as-le-n<span class="st">”</span></em>, que significa <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“R</span></span>ocas al Pie de la Extensión de Hierba<span class="st">”</span></em>. Los <span style="color: #800000"><strong>chokonen </strong><span style="color: #000000">también </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000">habitaban el Dos Cabezas Peak de Arizona y llegaban hasta el río Gila, el suroeste de New Mexico y el norte de Sonora. Sus líderes más conocidos son <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Pisago Cabezón</strong></span>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Reyes</strong></span>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Matías</strong></span>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Tapilá</strong></span>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Yrigollen</strong></span>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Miguel Narbona</strong></span>, <strong><span style="color: #800000">Carro</span></strong>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Posito Moraga</strong></span>, <strong><span style="color: #800000">Esquinaline</span></strong>, <a href="https://apacheria.wordpress.com/cochise-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><span style="color: #800000">Cochise</span></strong></a> y su hijo <a title="Naiche" href="https://apacheria.es/naiche/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><span style="color: #800000">Naiche</span></strong></a>.<br />
577</span></p>
578<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">4. <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Nednais</strong><span style="color: #000000">.</span> </span>Según Opler, los chiricahuas del sur. Se llamaban a sí mismos<em> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“G</span></span>ente<a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/nedni-war-party-jeroen-vogtschmidt.png"><img data-attachment-id="30277" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/la-apacheria-en-el-siglo-xix-4/nedni-war-party-jeroen-vogtschmidt-2/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/nedni-war-party-jeroen-vogtschmidt.png" data-orig-size="601,387" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Nedni War Party &amp;#8211; Jeroen Vogtschmidt" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/nedni-war-party-jeroen-vogtschmidt.png?w=601" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-30277 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/nedni-war-party-jeroen-vogtschmidt.png?w=300" alt="" width="352" height="226" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/nedni-war-party-jeroen-vogtschmidt.png?w=300 300w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/nedni-war-party-jeroen-vogtschmidt.png?w=352 352w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/nedni-war-party-jeroen-vogtschmidt.png?w=150 150w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/nedni-war-party-jeroen-vogtschmidt.png 601w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px" /></a> Enemiga<span class="st">”</span></em>. Estaban divididos en dos grupos principales y varios menores. Los <strong>nde-nda-i</strong>, habitaban las Sierras de Teras y El Tigre, en el nordeste de Sonora y la Sierra de Carcay, en el noroeste de Chihuahua, siendo sus principales líderes eran <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Soquilla</strong></span>, <strong><span style="color: #800000">Coleto Amarillo</span></strong>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Tuscaze</strong></span> y <strong><span style="color: #800000">Nolgee</span></strong>; y los <strong>haiahende</strong>, vivían entre el territorio de New Mexico y las montañas al nordeste de Sonora y noroeste de Chihuahua. Su principal líder era <strong><span style="color: #800000">Láceris</span></strong><em> (<strong><span style="color: #800000">Pláceris</span></strong>) </em>y sus hijos, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Galindo</strong> </span>y <span style="color: #800000"><a style="color: #800000" title="Juh" href="https://apacheria.es/juh/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Juh</strong></a></span>. Ambos grupos recorrían el norte y sur de Arizona y New Mexico y llegaban tan al sur como Guaynopa, una fortaleza montañosa en el interior de la Sierra Madre, justo al este de la línea fronteriza de Sonora, que los <span style="color: #800000"><strong>nednais</strong></span> llamaban <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>Dzil-da-na-tal<span class="st">”</span></em>, que significa <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“M</span></span>ontaña que se mantiene bien alta asomándose<span class="st">”</span></em>. Ese era el hogar de un pequeño grupo llamado <strong>Tu-ntsa-nde</strong>, <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“G</span></span>ente del Agua Grande<span class="st">”</span></em>, en referencia al río Aros que rodea Guaynopa en semicírculo. Otro grupo era los <strong>Gol-ga-ene</strong> o <strong>Gul-ga-ki</strong>, que significa <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“G</span></span></em><em>ente de Lugar Abierto<span class="st">”</span></em> o <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“G</span></span>ente de Perros de las Praderas<span class="st">”</span></em>, llamados por los mexicanos Carrizaleños porque acampaban cerca de la localidad chihuahuense de El Carrizal <em>(municipio de Ahumada, Chihuahua)</em>. Otros líderes eran: </span><span style="color: #000000"><strong><span style="color: #800000">Jasquedegá</span></strong>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Cristóbal</strong></span>, <strong><span style="color: #800000">Francisquillo</span></strong>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Francisco</strong></span>, <strong><span style="color: #800000">Cigarrito</span></strong>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Cojinillín</strong></span>,<strong> <span style="color: #800000">Felipe</span></strong>,<strong> <span style="color: #800000">Juan Diego Compá</span></strong>,<strong><span style="color: #800000"> Juan José Compá</span></strong>, <strong><span style="color: #800000">Arvizu</span></strong> y <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Natiza</strong><span style="color: #000000">.</span></span>  </span></p>
579<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">Estas cuatro bandas llegaron a mezclarse, emparentándose entre sí, llegando al final de las <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>guerras apaches<span class="st">”</span></em>, formando una sola banda llamada simplemente chiricahua.</span></p>
580<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #800000"><strong>* Jicarillas</strong></span>: Se llamaban a sí mismos <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></em><strong><em>yntujen-né</em></strong><em><span class="st">”</span></em> pero los españoles les llamaron <span style="color: #800000"><em><strong>jicarillas</strong></em></span>, diminutivo de jícara, vasija pequeña<em><a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/jicarillas-richard-hook.png"><img data-attachment-id="12209" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/jicarillas-richard-hook/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/jicarillas-richard-hook.png" data-orig-size="380,539" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Jicarillas &amp;#8211; Richard Hook" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/jicarillas-richard-hook.png?w=380" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-12209 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/jicarillas-richard-hook.png?w=278&#038;h=395" alt="" width="278" height="395" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/jicarillas-richard-hook.png?w=212 212w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/jicarillas-richard-hook.png?w=278 278w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/jicarillas-richard-hook.png?w=106 106w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/jicarillas-richard-hook.png 380w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px" /></a>.</em></span></p>
581<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">Estaban divididos en dos grandes grupos: los <em><strong>llaneros</strong> </em>o jicarillas del este, que vivían en verano en tipis, cazando bisontes en las llanuras al este del Río Grande y en invierno, iban a las montañas entre el río Canadian <em>(Texas)</em> y el Río Grande; y los <em><strong>olleros</strong></em> o jicarillas del norte, que vivían al oeste del Río Grande, a lo largo del río Chama <em>(New Mexico y Colorado)</em>, practicando una incipiente agricultura y la alfarería.</span></p>
582<p style="text-align: justify"><span id="result_box" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><span title="The first contact with the Spaniards came in 1541 when Francisco Vásquez de Coronado's expedition journeyed through the northeastern plains of New Mexico in search of gold.">El primer contacto con los españoles se produjo en 1541, cuando la expedición de Francisco Vázquez de Coronado viajó a través de las llanuras contactando con sus ancestros, los llamados <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>vaqueros<span class="st">”</span></em> o <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>querechos<span class="st">”</span></em>. </span><span title="The Jicarilla Apache people were indifferent to the Spanish presence until the 1700s when the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 triggered the reconquest of New Mexico.">Los apaches jicarillas eran indiferentes a la presencia española hasta la década de 1700, cuando la rebelión de los nativos Pueblo de 1680 desencadenó la reconquista de Nuevo México. Entonces había unos</span><span title="There were approximately 10,000 Jicarilla Apache prior to the Spanish reconquest."> 10.000 apaches jicarillas, habiendo caído</span><span title="By 1897, the population had plummeted to 330, but has since grown to 3,300 tribal members."> en 1897 a  330 personas.</span></span></p>
583<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="President Glover Cleveland's Executive Order established the Reservation on February 11, 1887. A sovereign nation lies within the Reservation boundaries and is governed by the Jicarilla Apache tribal constitution, approved in 1937. Prior to the establishment of the Reservation, the Jicarilla Apache people (and">La Reserva Jicarilla se creó por una Orden Ejecutiva del presidente norteamericano Glover Cleveland el 11 de febrero de 1887. </span></span><span class="notranslate"><em>                                     </em></span></span></p>
584<p style="text-align: justify"><strong><span style="color: #800000">
584* Kiowa-Apache</span></strong><span style="color: #800000"><strong>s</strong></span><span style="color: #000000">: <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">Se llamaban a sí mismos </span><em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span><strong><span class="hps">Na</span><span class="atn">&#8211;</span>Ishan<span class="atn">&#8211;</span>dina</strong><span class="st">”</span></em>,<em> <span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span><strong>Naishan</strong><span class="st">”</span> </em>o<em> <span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span><strong>Naishan<a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches.png"><img data-attachment-id="30204" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/kiowa-apaches-4/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches.png" data-orig-size="500,500" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Kiowa-Apaches" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches.png?w=500" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-30204 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches.png?w=300&#038;h=300" alt="" width="300" height="300" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches.png?w=300 300w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches.png?w=150 150w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches.png 500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> Dene</strong><span class="st">”</span></em> que quiere decir <em><span class="hps atn"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>nuestra gente<span class="st">”</span></em>, pero </span><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">han sido denominados genéricamente como <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Apache Plains</strong></span> o <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apaches</strong></span>. </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">Vivían en el norte de Texas y en el sur de Oklahoma. </span></span></span></p>
585<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b"> El uso del término <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apache</strong></span> se debe al capitán </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">William Philo Clark </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">cuando mencionó por primera vez la <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>banda Apache Kiowa<span class="st">”</span></em> acampada junto a los kiowas. Más tarde se refirió a ellos al estudiar </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">sus sociedades militares. El uso del términ</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">o <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apache</strong></span> se generalizó después de las<a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/gonkon-o-apache-john-.png"><img data-attachment-id="24573" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/gonkon-o-apache-john/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/gonkon-o-apache-john-.png" data-orig-size="324,519" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Gonkon o Apache John" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/gonkon-o-apache-john-.png?w=324" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-24573 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/gonkon-o-apache-john-.png?w=187&#038;h=300" alt="" width="187" height="300" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/gonkon-o-apache-john-.png?w=187 187w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/gonkon-o-apache-john-.png?w=94 94w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/gonkon-o-apache-john-.png 324w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 187px) 100v
585w, 187px" /></a> obras de James Mooney. </span></span></span></p>
586<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">Cuando u<span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">na</span> <span class="hps">pequeña tribu</span> <span class="hps">atabascana</span> <span class="hps">se unió a una banda</span> <span class="hps">kiowa <em>(pueblo no atabascano) </em>conservaron su propia lengua,</span> <span class="hps">formando un grupo independiente de los kiowas pero dentro de su círculo</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es"> de influencia. <span class="hps"> </span> </span></span></p>
587<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">Que se les llame <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apaches</strong></span> no quiere decir que tuvieran relaciones con el resto de apaches. Al contrario, </span></span><span id="result_box" lang="es">nunca tuvieron <span class="hps">contacto </span> <span class="hps">con muchos de ellos</span><span class="hps"> y</span>, <span class="hps">probablemente, no tuvieron conocimiento de la existencia de los chiricahuas</span> <span class="hps">hasta que estos llegaron a Oklahoma como prisioneros de guerra.</span></span></span></p>
588<p style="text-align: justify"><span id="result_box" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><span class="hps">Su</span><span class="hps"> historia</span> <span class="hps">comienza</span> <span class="hps">unos 70</span> <span class="hps">años antes</span> <span class="hps">que la de los</span> <span class="hps">kiowas,</span> <span class="hps">mencionados por <a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apache.png"><img data-attachment-id="30207" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/kiowa-apache-3/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apache.png" data-orig-size="362,525" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Kiowa-Apache" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apache.png?w=362" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-30207 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apache.png?w=207&#038;h=300" alt="" width="207" height="300" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apache.png?w=207 207w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apache.png?w=103 103w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apache.png 362w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px" /></a>primera vez</span> con<span class="hps"> el nombre</span> <span class="hps">de <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong>Gattacka</strong><span class="st">”</span></em></span> <span class="hps">por</span> <span class="hps">el explorador francés Robert de La Salle</span> <span class="hps">en 1682,</span> <span class="hps">afirmando </span><span class="hps">que los</span> <span class="hps atn">p</span>awnees vivían <span class="hps">a unos 900 km</span><span class="hps"> al</span> <span class="hps">oeste</span> <span class="hps">de</span> <span class="hps">uno de</span> <span class="hps">los afluentes del</span> <span class="hps">Mississippi</span> <span class="hps">y</span> <span class="hps">son</span> <span class="hps">vecinos</span> <span class="hps">y aliados de los</span> <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong><span class="hps">Gattacka</span></strong><span class="hps"><span class="st">”</span></span></em>, que están <span class="hps">al sur</span><span class="hps"> y</span><span class="hps"> venden </span><span class="hps">caballos que</span> <span class="hps">probablemente</span> <span class="hps">roban a</span> <span class="hps">los españoles en</span> <span class="hps">New Mexico</span>.</span></p>
589<p style="text-align: justify"><span id="result_box" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><span class="hps">En 1719,</span> el explorador francés <span class="hps"><span class="notranslate">Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe </span></span><span class="hps">habla de los <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apaches</strong></span></span>, <span class="hps">bajo el nombre de</span> <em><span class="hps"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></span><strong><span class="hps">Quataquois</span></strong><span class="st">”</span></em> <span class="hps">y</span> <span class="hps">en 1805, los exploradores norteamericanos Lewis</span> <span class="hps">y Clark</span> <span class="hps">describieron a los</span> <strong><span style="color: #800000"><span class="hps">Kiowa-</span><span class="hps">Apaches</span></span></strong> <span class="hps">viviendo</span> <span class="hps">al sur</span> <span class="hps">del <a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-1.png"><img data-attachment-id="30211" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/kiowa-apaches-5/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-1.png" data-orig-size="370,522" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Kiowa-Apaches" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-1.png?w=370" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-30211 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-1.png?w=213&#038;h=300" alt="" width="213" height="300" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-1.png?w=213 213w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-1.png?w=106 106w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-1.png 370w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 213px) 100vw, 213px" /></a>río</span> <span class="hps">
589Cheyenne,</span> <span class="hps">en las Black </span><span class="hps">Hills</span>, <span class="hps">en el noreste de</span> <span class="hps">Wyoming,</span> sumando <span class="hps">300 miembros en</span> <span class="hps">25</span> <span class="hps">tipis</span>. </span></p>
590<p style="text-align: justify"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><span class="" title="">Por lo general, mantenían relaciones pacíficas con tribus vecinas de las llanuras como los kiowas, wichitas, arapahoes, cheyennes y comanches; y hostiles a tribus como los utes, navajos, pawnees y osages.</span></span></p>
591<p style="text-align: justify"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><span class="" title="">Los <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apaches</strong></span> hicieron cuatro tratados con los Estados Unidos, el primero en 1837,<span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="es"> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">bajo el nombre</span> <span class="hps">de <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span><strong>Kataka</strong></em></span><em><span class="st">”</span></em>. <span class="hps">Su</span> <span class="hps">historia posterior</span> <span class="hps">es la misma que la de los </span><span class="hps">kiowas</span>. El segundo tratado fue en 1853, mencionándoles <span class="hps">como una banda de<a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/black-hawk-kiowa-apache.png"><img data-attachment-id="30213" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/black-hawk-kiowa-apache/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/black-hawk-kiowa-apache.png" data-orig-size="340,493" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Black Hawk &amp;#8211; Kiowa-Apache" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/black-hawk-kiowa-apache.png?w=340" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-30213 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/black-hawk-kiowa-apache.png?w=207&#038;h=300" alt="" width="207" height="300" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/black-hawk-kiowa-apache.png?w=207 207w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/black-hawk-kiowa-apache.png?w=103 103w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/black-hawk-kiowa-apache.png 340w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px" /></a></span> <span class="hps">guerreros</span> <span class="hps">que vivían junto al</span><span class="hps"> Canadian River <em>(Texas)</em> en</span> <span class="hps">las mismas </span><span class="hps">llanuras</span> <span class="hps">ocupadas por</span> <span class="hps">los comanches</span>, <span class="hps">con los que</span> <span class="hps">a menudo</span> <span class="hps">se unieron para</span> <span class="hps">realizar incursiones</span><span class="hps">.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
592<p style="text-align: justify"><span id="result_box" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><span class="hps">El tercer tratado</span> fue el <span class="hps">de Little</span> <span class="hps">Arkansas</span> <span class="hps">en 1865</span>, <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">los </span><strong><span style="color: #800000"><span class="hps">Kiowa</span>&#8211;</span><span class="hps"><span style="color: #800000">Apache</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="color: #800000">s </span></span></strong></span><span class="hps">se separaron</span> <span class="hps">de l</span>os <span class="hps">kiowas</span>, <span class="hps">uniéndose a</span> <span class="hps">los</span> <span class="hps">cheyennes y</span> <span class="hps">arapaho</span>es <span class="hps">por</span> <span class="hps">la actitud</span> <span class="hps">hostil</span> <span class="hps">de los</span> <span class="hps">kiowas</span> <span class="hps">hacia</span> <span class="hps">los blancos</span>; <span class="hps">pero poco después,</span> <span class="hps">por</span><span class="hps"> el cuarto tratado de</span> <span class="hps">Medicine Lodge,</span> <span class="hps">en 1867</span>, <span class="hps">se unieron</span> <span class="hps">finalmente a los</span> <span class="hps">kiowas,</span> <span class="hps">aunque una parte</span> <span class="hps">de ellos</span> <span class="hps">siguió viviendo con</span> <span class="hps">los</span> <span class="hps">cheyennes y</span> <span class="hps">arapahoes</span> <span class="hps">hasta después de la</span> reubicación tras el fin de la revuelta  <span class="hps">de</span> <span class="hps">1874 a 1875</span>. </span><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><span class="" title="">La paz llegó a las<a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-2.png"><img data-attachment-id="30215" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/kiowa-apaches-6/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-2.png" data-orig-size="359,512" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Kiowa-Apaches" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-2.png?w=359" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-30215 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-2.png?w=210&#038;h=300" alt="" width="210" height="300" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-2.png?w=210 210w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-2.png?w=105 105w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kiowa-apaches-2.png 359w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 210px) 100v
592w, 210px" /></a> llanuras en 1875 y en pocos años los bisontes habían desaparecido. Los <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apaches</strong></span> se dieron cuenta de la necesidad de cambiar de vida. Muchos hombres aceptaron trabajos en la Agencia o se alistaron como exploradores.</span> <span title="">Algunos comenzaron a cultivar huertos y ganado.</span> <span class="" title="">A medida que se establecieron escuelas, iglesias y puestos comerciales, los <strong><span style="color: #800000">Kiowa-Apaches</span></strong> comenzaron a adoptar algunos aspectos  de la vida fronteriza estadounidense, incluida la ropa del hombre blanco, aunque añoraban los viejos tiempos cuando cazaban bisontes.</span> <span title="">En 1890, la religión de la Danza Fantasma fue introducida entre los <strong><span style="color: #800000">Kiowa-Apaches</span></strong> por los arapahoes del sur,<a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/taw-ha-hombre-medicina-kiowa-apache.png"><img data-attachment-id="30217" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/taw-ha-hombre-medicina-kiowa-apache/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/taw-ha-hombre-medicina-kiowa-apache.png" data-orig-size="358,495" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Taw-Ha, hombre-medicina Kiowa-Apache" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/taw-ha-hombre-medicina-kiowa-apache.png?w=358" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-30217 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/taw-ha-hombre-medicina-kiowa-apache.png?w=217&#038;h=300" alt="" width="217" height="300" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/taw-ha-hombre-medicina-kiowa-apache.png?w=217 217w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/taw-ha-hombre-medicina-kiowa-apache.png?w=108 108w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/taw-ha-hombre-medicina-kiowa-apache.png 358w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 217px) 100vw, 217px" /></a> pronosticando la llegada de un nuevo mundo, solo para los nativos, y que los bisontes regresarían.</span></span></p>
593<div class="tlid-result-transliteration-container result-transliteration-container transliteration-container">
594<div class="tlid-transliteration-content transliteration-content full" style="text-align: justify"><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><span class="" title="">Muchos <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apaches</strong></span> aceptaron la Danza Fantasma con entusiasmo, pero como las promesas básicas seguían sin cumplirse, recurrieron a otras formas de religión. Muchos se unieron a diferentes iglesias cristianas.</span> <span class="" title="">Otros recurrieron a la religión del peyote como la forma de culto más satisfactoria.</span> <span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="es"><span title="">Esta religión era una mezcla de elementos nativos y cristianos e implicaba la ingesta ceremonial de un cactus sin espinas que se encuentra en el sur de Texas, el peyote.</span> <span class="" title="">Los <strong><span style="color: #800000">Kiowa-Apaches</span></strong> <a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/pacers-son-kiowa-apache-jim-heller.png"><img data-attachment-id="30219" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/pacers-son-kiowa-apache-jim-heller/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/pacers-son-kiowa-apache-jim-heller.png" data-orig-size="409,522" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Pacer&amp;#8217;s Son, Kiowa-Apache &amp;#8211; Jim Heller" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/pacers-son-kiowa-apache-jim-heller.png?w=409" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-30219 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/pacers-son-kiowa-apache-jim-heller.png?w=235&#038;h=300" alt="" width="235" height="300" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/pacers-son-kiowa-apache-jim-heller.png?w=235 235w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/pacers-son-kiowa-apache-jim-heller.png?w=118 118w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/pacers-son-kiowa-apache-jim-heller.png 409w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 235px) 100v
594w, 235px" /></a>aprendieron la religión del peyote de los apaches lipanes y mescaleros, y ayudaron a difundirla entre los kiowas, arapahoes, cheyennes y otras tribus de Oklahoma. Hoy en día, esta forma de culto está organizada como la Iglesia Nativa Americana y es importante para muchos <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apaches</strong></span>.</span></span></span></div>
595</div>
596<p style="text-align: justify"><span id="result_box" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><span class="hps">En 1891</span>, <span class="hps">los <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apaches</strong></span> sumaban </span><span class="hps">325 miembros y </span><span class="hps">junto a los </span><span class="hps">kiowas</span> <span class="hps">sufrieron</span> <span class="hps">terriblemente</span> <span class="hps">en 1892</span> <span class="hps">por</span> <span class="hps">una epidemia de</span> <span class="hps">sarampión y </span><span class="hps">fiebres,</span> <span class="hps">perdiendo más</span> <span class="hps">de la cuarta parte</span> <span class="hps">de sus miembros</span>. <span class="hps">En 1905</span> <span class="hps">solo</span> <span class="hps">quedaban 155</span> <span class="hps"><span style="color: #800000"><strong>Kiowa-Apaches</strong></span>. En 1983 sumaban unos 1.000.</span></span></p>
597<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #800000"><strong>* Lipanes</strong></span><span style="color: #000000">: Se llamaban a sí mismos <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></em><strong><em>lipanjen-né</em></strong><em><span class="st">”</span></em>. Cuando los <strong><em>apaches lipanes</em></strong> llegaron a Texas lo </span><a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-warrior-arthur-schott1.png"><img data-attachment-id="12212" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/lipan-warrior-arthur-schott/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-warrior-arthur-schott1.png" data-orig-size="351,527" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Lipan Warrior &amp;#8211; Arthur Schott" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-warrior-arthur-schott1.png?w=351" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-12212 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-warrior-arthur-schott1.png?w=248&#038;h=372" alt="" width="248" height="372" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-warrior-arthur-schott1.png?w=200 200w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-warrior-arthur-schott1.png?w=248 248w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-warrior-arthur-schott1.png?w=100 100w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lipan-warrior-arthur-schott1.png 351w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 248px) 100vw, 248px" /></a><span style="color: #000000">hicieron como una unidad tribal, pero a partir de 1700, </span><span style="color: #000000">debido a la presión de los comanches,</span><span style="color: #000000"> se dividieron </span><span style="color: #000000">en dos grandes grupos: los <strong><em>lipanes </em></strong>septentrionales y meridionales. En total 14 bandas.</span></p>
598<p><span style="color: #000000">Lipanes septentrionales: </span></p>
599<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">1. La banda <strong>Tséral tuétahä </strong><em>(<strong>Pelo Rojo</strong>)</em> recorría la parte sur del río Nueces en Texas. En 1739 su jefe era <strong>Cabellos Colorados</strong>. Fue absorbida por Nutria del Sol y Montaña Verde.</span></p>
600<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">2. La banda<strong> Tche shä</strong> <em>(<strong>Nutria del Sol</strong>)</em> liderada por <strong>Cuelgas</strong> <strong>de Castro</strong>. Sus territorios originales se encontraban en El Atascoso, al sur de San Antonio </span><span style="color: #000000"><em>(Bexar County,</em> Texas), llegando hasta</span><span style="color: #000000"> Laredo <em>(Webb County, Texas)</em>.</span></p>
601<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">3. La banda<strong> Kó’l Kahä</strong><em> (<strong>Hombres</strong></em><strong><em> de la Pradera</em></strong><em>) </em> recorría el curso superior del río Colorado <em>(Texas)</em> hasta el río Pecos.</span></p>
602<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">4.</span> <span style="color: #000000">La banda<strong> Tchó kanä</strong> <em> (<strong>Rozando </strong>o<strong> Pulverizando</strong>) </em> recorría el curso superior del río Colorado <em>(no confundir con el de Arizona)</em>, al oeste de Fort Griffin <em><span class="st"> (Shackelford County</span>, Texas)</em> hasta Coahuila <em>(México)</em>
602. Fue absorbida por el grupo Pequeño Taparrabos.</span></p>
603<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">5. La banda<strong> Kóke metcheskó lähä </strong><em>(</em><strong><em>Mocasín de Alto Pico</em></strong><em>) </em>recorría el sur de San Antonio hasta México. Estaba liderada por <strong>Zapato Sas</strong> y <strong>Flacco</strong>.</span></p>
604<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">6. La banda <strong>Tsél tátlidshä </strong><em>(</em><strong><em>Montaña Verde</em></strong><em>)</em> recorría el sur de Texas desde Refugio County hasta el Nueces County. Fue absorbida por el grupo Mocasín de Alto Pico.</span></p>
605<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">7. La banda <strong>Ndáwe qóhä</strong><em> (<strong>Círculo de </strong></em><strong><em>Fuego </em></strong><em>o </em><strong><em>Círculo de Campo</em></strong><em>)</em> habitaba el territorio de San Saba County <em>(Texas)</em> hasta la parte superior del río Nueces. Su jefe era <strong>Cabezón</strong>.</span></p>
606<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">8. La banda <strong>Shä-ä</strong> <em>(<strong>Banda del Norte</strong>)</em> vivía cerca del río Dapéshte. Esta banda de unas 300 personas fue trasladada a la Agencia Washita<em> (Oklahoma)</em> en 1884, uniéndose a </span><span style="color: #000000">los Kiowa-Apaches.</span></p>
607<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">9. La banda<strong> Tsés tsëmbai</strong> <em>(<strong>Cabezas de Lobo</strong> y <strong>Cuerpo de Hombre</strong>)</em> vivía en la parte superior de los ríos Brazos y Colorado.</span></p>
608<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">10. La banda <strong>Te’l kóndahä</strong><em> (<strong>Ganso Salvaje</strong>) </em>vivía en el curso superior del río Colorado <em>(Texas)</em>, al oeste de Fort Griffin.<br />
609</span></p>
610<p><span style="color: #000000">Lipanes meridionales:</span></p>
611<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">1. La banda <strong>Kúne tsá</strong><em> (<strong>Agua Grande</strong>)</em> vivía originariamente en la parte norte del Río Grande, en Texas, pero en 1750 se trasladó al norte de Coahuila <em>(México)</em>.</span></p>
612<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">2. La banda <strong>Tsésh ke shénde</strong><em> (<strong>Gente de Bosque Pintado</strong>) </em>vivía a lo largo del curso superior del Río Brazos <em>(Texas)</em>, trasladándose al norte de Coahuila. Esta banda estaba extinguida en 1884.<br />
613</span></p>
614<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">3. La banda <strong>Tüzhä </strong>o<strong> Täzhä</strong> <em>(<strong>Los de la Tierra de Arriba</strong>)</em> vivía por la parte superior del Río Grande en las Sacramento Mountains <em>(Otero County, New Mexico)</em> y en las Organ Mountains<em> (Doña Ana County, New México). </em>En 1850 se unieron a los mescaleros.<em><br />
615</em></span></p>
616<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">4. La banda <strong>Tcha shka-ózhäyê</strong> <em>(<strong>Pequeño Taparrabos</strong>)</em> pudo tomar el nombre de su jefe <strong>Poca Ropa </strong>hacia 1780. Habitaba la región inferior del río Pecos. Esta banda se unió a los apaches conocidos como los natagés y estos a los mescaleros. </span></p>
617<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #800000"><strong> * Llaneros</strong></span><span style="color: #000000">: Es posible que el primer europeo en tomar contacto con ellos fuese el explorador español </span><a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/a-plains-apache-warrior-j-w-abert.png"><img data-attachment-id="12213" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/a-plains-apache-warrior-j-w-abert/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/a-plains-apache-warrior-j-w-abert.png" data-orig-size="367,529" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="A Plains Apache Warrior &amp;#8211; J. W. Abert" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/a-plains-apache-warrior-j-w-abert.png?w=367" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-12213 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/a-plains-apache-warrior-j-w-abert.png?w=263&#038;h=379" alt="" width="263" height="379" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/a-plains-apache-warrior-j-w-abert.png?w=208 208w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/a-plains-apache-warrior-j-w-abert.png?w=263 263w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/a-plains-apache-warrior-j-w-abert.png?w=104 104w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/a-plains-apache-warrior-j-w-abert.png 367w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px" /></a><span style="color: #000000">Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, llamándoles<em><strong> querechos</strong></em>. Más tarde y hasta 1750, los <em><strong>apaches llaneros</strong></em> eran llamados <em><strong>carlanas</strong></em>, <strong><em>cuartelejos</em></strong> y <em><strong>bandas Paloma</strong></em>, ocupando el este del Río Grande a través del sureste de Colorado y el sudoeste de Kansas. A veces los <strong>apaches</strong> <em><strong>llaneros</strong></em>, eran denominados simplemente <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong>apaches de los llanos</strong><span class="st">”</span></em>. Hay historiadores que los clasifican como una subdivisión de los apaches jicarillas; de los apaches mescaleros; y de los lipanes. Se llamaban así mismos<em> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong>cuelcajen-né</strong><span class="st">”</span></em>; divididos entre <em><strong>lipiyanes</strong></em>, <em><strong>llaneros</strong></em> y <em><strong>natagés</strong></em>, habitando los llanos y arenales situados entre el río Pecos, llamado por ellos <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>Tjunchi<span class="st">”</span></em> y el río Colorado <em>([Texas] no confundir con el río de Arizona del mismo nombre)</em> que llaman <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>Tjulchide<span class="st">”</span></em>. De 1750 a finales de siglo, los términos <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></em><em>natagés<span class="st">”</span></em> y <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>mescaleros<span class="st">”</span></em> se mezclaban indistintamente para denominar a los mismos apaches. <em>(Hay dos bandas de los apaches mescaleros llamadas por los españoles <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>cuelcajen-né<span class="st">”</span> y <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>natagés<span class="st">”</span> que, o bien eran dos bandas de apaches mescaleros confundidas como apaches llaneros o estos eran en realidad mescaleros. Sea como fuere, las denominaciones de los apaches llaneros pronto dejaron de usarse; incluso en el siglo XX, estos eran incluidos dentro de los apaches lipanes y/o jicarillas).</em></span></p>
618<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #800000"><strong>
618* Mescaleros</strong></span>: Se llamaban a sí mismos <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></em><strong><em>sejen-né</em></strong><em><span class="st">”</span></em>, pero los españoles les denominaron <em><strong>mescaleros</strong> </em></span><a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/mescaleros-richard-hook.png"><img data-attachment-id="12215" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/mescaleros-richard-hook/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/mescaleros-richard-hook.png" data-orig-size="372,517" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Mescaleros &amp;#8211; Richard Hook" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/mescaleros-richard-hook.png?w=372" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-12215 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/mescaleros-richard-hook.png?w=294&#038;h=408" alt="" width="294" height="408" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/mescaleros-richard-hook.png?w=216 216w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/mescaleros-richard-hook.png?w=294 294w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/mescaleros-richard-hook.png?w=108 108w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/mescaleros-richard-hook.png 372w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px" /></a><span style="color: #000000">porque consumían <em>(aunque no eran los únicos)</em> un alimento obtenido de la cocción del tallo y de la base de las hojas del agave o mescal.</span></p>
619<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">Se dividían en las siguientes bandas:</span></p>
620<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">1.</span><strong><span class="hps"> Natahéndé</span></strong> <span class="hps">/</span> <strong><span class="hps">Nadahéndé</span></strong> </span><span id="result_box" lang="es">que significa <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente del mescal<span class="st">”</span></em>. </span><span id="result_box" lang="es"><em><span class="hps">(Los </span><span class="hps">españoles</span> <span class="hps">les llamaban</span> <span class="hps"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong><span class="hps">natagés</span></strong><span class="hps"><span class="st">”</span></span>, confundiéndoles con una subdivisión de los apaches llaneros, o puede que tuvieran lazos comunes).</em> <span class="hps">Vivían</span> <span class="hps">entre el Río</span> <span class="hps">Grande</span> <span class="hps">y el río</span> <span class="hps">Pecos</span>, <span class="hps">en el centro de</span> <span class="hps">New</span> <span class="hps">Mexico</span>, e<span class="hps">n grupos nómadas</span> <span class="hps">por el  sur</span> <span class="hps">y el oeste</span> <span class="hps">del</span> <span class="hps">Llano</span> <span class="hps">Estacado</span> <em><span class="hps">(Texas</span>)</em></span>.</span></p>
621<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">2. <span id="result_box" lang="es"><strong><span class="hps">Guhlkahéndé</span></strong> <span class="hps">/</span> <strong><span class="hps">Guułgahénde</span></strong><span class="hps">,</span> </span><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">que significa <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente de los llanos<span class="st">”</span></em></span></span><span id="result_box" lang="es"><em><span class="hps atn">. (Los</span> <span class="hps">españoles</span> <span class="hps">les llamaban</span> <span class="hps"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong><span class="hps">cuelcajen-né</span></strong><span class="st">”</span>,</em><span class="hps"><em> por lo que pueden confundirse con los apaches llaneros).</em> V</span><span class="hps">ivían</span> <span class="hps">en las altas llanuras del norte de Texas </span><span class="hps">hasta el valle del río</span> <span class="hps">Pecos,</span> <span class="hps">a lo largo de</span> <span class="hps">las Sandia <em>(Bernalillo &amp; Sandoval Counties, New Mexico)</em></span> <span class="hps">y</span> <span class="hps">Tijeras</span> Mountains <em>(Bernalillo County, New Mexico)</em> <span class="hps">hacia el oeste</span> <span class="hps">de Santa</span> <span class="hps">Fe</span>; desde <span class="hps">las</span><span class="hps"> Organ Mountains</span> <em>(Doña Ana County, New Mexico)</em> <span class="hps">hacia</span><span class="hps">
621 El</span> <span class="hps">Paso.</span>  </span></span></p>
622<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">3. <span id="result_box" lang="es"><strong><span class="hps">Dzithinahndé</span></strong> <span class="hps">/</span> <strong><span class="hps">Tsilnihéndé</span></strong> </span><span id="result_box" lang="es">que significa<em> <span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente de la banda de la montaña alta<span class="st">”</span>. </em></span><span id="result_box" lang="es"><em><span class="hps">(Los</span> <span class="hps">españoles les llamaban</span> <span class="hps"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong><span class="hps">chilpaines</span></strong><span class="hps"><span class="st">”</span></span>)</em>. <span class="hps">Vivían entre el </span><span class="hps">sur del río</span> <span class="hps">Pecos y</span> <span class="hps">el norte de Chihuahua</span> <span class="hps">y Coahuila</span>.</span></span></p>
623<p style="text-align: justify"><span lang="es" style="color: #000000">4. <strong><span class="hps">Ch&#8217;laandé</span></strong> <span class="hps">/</span> <strong><span class="hps">Tslahahéndé</span></strong>, que significa <em><span class="hps"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>gente</span> </em><span class="hps"><em>de la banda del antílope<span class="st">”</span></em>.</span> <span class="hps">Vivía</span>n <span class="hps">al oeste del</span> río <span class="hps">Pecos</span> <span class="hps">hasta el Río</span> <span class="hps">Grande, en</span> <span class="hps">las montañas del centro</span> <span class="hps">y el sur</span> <span class="hps">de New Mexico</span> <span class="hps">y en la cuenca</span> del río <span class="hps">Tularosa</span>.</span></p>
624<p style="text-align: justify"><span lang="es" style="color: #000000">5. <strong><span class="hps">Nit&#8217;ahéndé</span></strong> <span class="hps">/</span> <strong><span class="hps">Niit&#8217;ahénde</span></strong>, que significa <em><span class="hps atn"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></span>la gente que vive <span class="hps">contra</span> <span class="hps">las montañas<span class="st">”</span></span></em>. <span class="hps">Vivían en</span> <span class="hps">las Sacramento</span> Mountains <em>(Otero County,<span class="hps"> New Mexico)</span></em> <span class="hps">y</span> en <span class="hps">las</span> <span class="hps">Guadalupe</span> <span class="hps">Mountains en el oeste de</span> <span class="hps">Texas.</span></span></p>
625<p style="text-align: justify"><span lang="es" style="color: #000000">6. <strong><span class="hps">Tsehitcihéndé</span></strong>, que significa <em><span class="hps"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>gente del</span> <span class="hps">gancho</span> <span class="hps">en la nariz</span><span class="st">”</span></em>. Eran <span class="hps">varias bandas</span> que vivían en <span class="hps">las Guadalupe Mountains</span>, <span class="hps">las llanuras</span> <span class="hps">adyacentes de</span> <span class="hps">Texas y</span> <span class="hps">en el norte de</span> <span class="hps">Coahuila</span> <span class="hps">y Chihuahua</span>.</span></p>
626<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">7. <span id="result_box" lang="es"><strong><span class="hps">Tsebekinéndé</span></strong>, que significa <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente de la casa de piedra<span class="st">”</span></em>. <em>(Los españoles también les llamaban <span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span><span class="hps">Aguas Nuevas<span class="st">”</span></span> <span class="hps">o</span> <span class="hps"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>Norteños<span class="st">”</span>)</span></em>. Vivían <span class="hps">cerca del</span> <span class="hps">Nuevo Casas</span> <span class="hps">Grandes</span> <em><span class="hps">(Chihuahua)</span></em> pero emigraban <span class="hps">
626al norte, hasta las Sacramento Mountains <em>(Otero County, New Mexico)</em>,</span><span class="hps"> y al sur hasta la Hacienda de</span> <span class="hps">Agua Nueva</span> <em>(municipio de Aldama, a unos <span class="hps">95 km al norte</span> <span class="hps">de</span> </em><span class="hps"><em>la ciudad de Chihuahua)</em>. Solían establecer sus rancherías</span> a <span class="hps">ambos</span> <span class="hps">lados del Río</span> <span class="hps">Grande</span> <span class="hps">entre El Paso <em>(El Paso County, Texas)</em> y</span> <span class="hps">Ojinaga</span> <em>(Chihuahua)</em>; y algunos <span class="hps">grupos locales</span> <span class="hps">vivían en las</span> <span class="hps">Guadalupe y</span> <span class="hps">Limpia Mountains</span> <em>(hoy llamadas Davis Mountains, Jeff Davis County, Texas).</em></span></span></p>
627<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">8. <span id="result_box" lang="es"><strong><span class="hps">Tahuundé</span></strong> <span class="hps">/</span> <strong><span class="hps">Tá&#8217;huú&#8217;ndé</span></strong>, que significa <em><span class="hps"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>montañas</span> <span class="hps">extensas en la gente del río</span><span class="st">”</span></em>. <span class="hps">Vivían</span> <span class="hps">a ambos</span> <span class="hps">lados del río</span> <span class="hps">Pecos,</span> <span class="hps">en el sur de</span> <span class="hps">New Mexico y</span> <span class="hps">en</span> <span class="hps">el suroeste de</span> <span class="hps">Texas.</span></span></span></p>
628<p style="text-align: justify"><span id="result_box" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><span class="hps">9. <strong>Tuintsundé</strong></span> <span class="hps">/</span> <strong><span class="hps">Túntsande</span></strong>, que significa<span class="hps atn"> <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></em></span><em>gente <span class="hps">de la gran agua<span class="st">”</span></span></em>. Esta banda se unió a la <span class="hps">banda</span> <em><strong><span class="hps">Tú</span>&#8211;<span class="hps">sis</span>-n<span class="hps">dé</span></strong></em> <span class="hps">de l</span>os apaches lipanes, que vivían en <span class="hps">el centro y sur de</span> <span class="hps">Texas y</span> <span class="hps">en el norte de</span> <span class="hps">Coahuila</span>, acampando juntas formando una banda <span class="hps">mescalero</span>.</span></p>
629<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">10. <span id="result_box" lang="es"><strong><span class="hps">Tuetinini</span> </strong><span class="hps">/</span> <strong><span class="hps">Tú&#8217;é&#8217;dinénde</span></strong>, que significa <em><span class="hps atn"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>gente sin<span class="hps"> agua</span></em><span class="atn"><em><span class="st">”</span></em> o <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></em></span><em>gente dura <span class="hps">del desierto<span class="st">”</span></span></em>. Esta banda se unió a la banda <strong><i>Tú-é-diné-ndé</i></strong> de los apaches lipanes que tenía <span class="hps">el territorio</span> <span class="hps">en el norte de</span> <span class="hps">Coahuila</span> <span class="hps">y Chihuahua,</span> <span class="hps">y con el tiempo</span> <span class="hps">se fusionaron</span> <span class="hps">formando una banda mescalero en el sur. </span></span><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">  </span></span></span></p>
630<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #800000"><strong>* Western Apaches</strong></span><span style="color: #000000">
630: Divididos entre las tribus <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Cibecue Apache</strong></span>, <span style="color: #800000"><strong>San Carlos Apache</strong></span>, </span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #800000"><strong>Tonto Apaches</strong></span> y <span style="color: #800000"><strong>White Mountains Apaches</strong></span>.<a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/western-apaches-richard-hook.png"><img data-attachment-id="12216" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/western-apaches-richard-hook/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/western-apaches-richard-hook.png" data-orig-size="768,509" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Western Apaches &amp;#8211; Richard Hook" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/western-apaches-richard-hook.png?w=700" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-12216 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/western-apaches-richard-hook.png?w=719&#038;h=477" alt="" width="719" height="477" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/western-apaches-richard-hook.png?w=300 300w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/western-apaches-richard-hook.png?w=719 719w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/western-apaches-richard-hook.png?w=150 150w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/western-apaches-richard-hook.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px" /></a></span></p>
631<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #800000"><strong>*</strong> <strong>Cibecue Apache</strong></span><em><span lang="es"><span class="hps atn"> (</span><strong><span class="hps">Dishchíí</span> <span class="hps">Bikoh</span></strong>) </span></em><span lang="es"><span class="hps">que significa</span></span><em><span lang="es"><span class="hps"> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>gente del cañón rojo<span class="st">”</span>.</span> </span></em><span lang="es">Vivían <a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/cibeque-apache-ray-swanson.png"><img data-attachment-id="12217" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/cibeque-apache-ray-swanson/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/cibeque-apache-ray-swanson.png" data-orig-size="433,530" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Cibeque Apache &amp;#8211; Ray Swanson" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/cibeque-apache-ray-swanson.png?w=433" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-12217 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/cibeque-apache-ray-swanson.png?w=287&#038;h=351" alt="" width="287" height="351" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/cibeque-apache-ray-swanson.png?w=245 245w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/cibeque-apache-ray-swanson.png?w=287 287w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/cibeque-apache-ray-swanson.png?w=123 123w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/cibeque-apache-ray-swanson.png 433w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px" /></a>a<span class="hps">l norte del</span> <span class="hps">Salt River</span> <em>(Arizona),</em> </span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span lang="es"><span class="hps">por encima del </span><span class="hps">Mogollon</span> Rim <span class="hps">en el oeste hasta</span> <span class="hps">las montañas de</span> <span class="hps">Mazatzal</span>.</span> Se dividían en tres bandas:</span></p>
632<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">1. <span id="result_box" lang="es"><strong><span class="hps">Banda de</span> <span class="hps">Canyon</span> </strong><span class="hps atn"><strong>Creek</strong> <em>(</em></span><em><strong>Gołkizhn</strong>) </em><span class="hps atn">que significa <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>encontrada</em></span><em> la gente superior<span class="st">”</span>. </em></span><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">Quizás se refiere a</span> <span class="hps">una montaña</span> <span class="hps">con</span> <span class="hps">enebros</span>, <span class="hps">a lo largo de</span> <span class="hps">Canyon</span> <span class="hps">Creek,</span> <span class="hps">un afluente del</span> Salt River, <span class="hps">en el área</span> <span class="hps">del Mogollon</span> <span class="hps">Rim. Es una</span> <span class="hps">banda</span> <span class="hps">occidental de l</span>os <span class="hps">Cibecue</span> <span class="hps">
632Apache.</span></span></span></p>
633<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">2. <strong>Banda Carrizo</strong> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><em><span class="hps atn">(</span><strong><span class="hps">Tlohkadigain</span> <span class="hps">Bikoh</span> </strong><span class="hps"><strong>Indee</strong>)</span> </em>que significa <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente<span class="hps atn"> del c</span>añón <span class="hps">de</span> <span class="hps">la</span> <span class="hps">fila de</span> <span class="hps">los bastones</span> <span class="hps">blancos<span class="st">”</span></span></em><span class="hps">.</span> <span class="hps">Vivían</span> <span class="hps">a lo largo del</span> <span class="hps">Carrizo</span> <span class="hps">Creek</span>. Es una banda <span class="hps">oriental de l</span>os <span class="hps">Cibecue</span> <span class="hps">Apache.</span></span></span></p>
634<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">3. </span><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span style="color: #000000"><strong><span class="hps">Banda</span> <span class="hps">Cibecue</span></strong> <em><span class="hps atn">(</span><strong>Dzilghaé</strong>, <strong><span class="hps">Dzil</span> <span class="hps">Taadn</span></strong> <span class="hps">o</span> <strong><span class="hps">Dzil</span> <span class="hps">Taadnji</span></strong>)</em> <span class="hps atn">que significa <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente de la base de la  montaña<span class="st">”</span> </em></span>o <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente del lado de la montaña<span class="st">”</span>.  </em><span class="hps">Vivían</span><span class="hps"> a lo largo</span> <span class="hps">del Cibecue</span> <span class="hps">Creek <em>(Arizona)</em></span>. Es una <span class="hps">banda</span><span class="hps"> central</span> <span class="hps">de l</span>os <span class="hps">Cibecue</span> </span><span class="hps"><span style="color: #000000">Apaches.</span> </span></span></p>
635<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #800000"><strong>* </strong><strong>San Carlos Apache </strong></span><span id="result_box" lang="es"><em><span class="hps atn">(</span><strong>Tsékáádn</strong>)</em> que significa <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente del metate<span class="st">”</span> (</em><span class="hps atn"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><em><span class="hps">piedra</span> <span class="hps"><a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/san-carlos-apache.png"><img data-attachment-id="19376" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/san-carlos-apache/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/san-carlos-apache.png" data-orig-size="323,525" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="San Carlos Apache" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/san-carlos-apache.png?w=323" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-19376 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/san-carlos-apache.png?w=185&#038;h=300" alt="" width="185" height="300" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/san-carlos-apache.png?w=185 185w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/san-carlos-apache.png?w=92 92w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/san-carlos-apache.png 323w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 185px) 100v
635w, 185px" /></a>plana o</span> <span class="hps">ligeramente</span> <span class="hps">hueca</span> <span class="hps">sobre la que</span></em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps atn"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><em> <span class="hps">se muele el grano</span>)</em>. </span></span><span class="hps">Vivían a</span><span class="hps"> ambos</span> <span class="hps">lados del </span><span class="hps">San</span> <span class="hps">Pedro</span> River <span class="hps">y</span> <span class="hps">en las estribaciones de</span> <span class="hps">las</span><span class="hps"> Santa</span> <span class="hps">Catalina</span> Mountains, <span class="hps">cerca de</span> <span class="hps">Tucson <em>(Pima County, Arizona)</em>.</span> Se d</span>ividían en cuatro bandas:</span></p>
636<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span lang="es"><span class="hps">1. </span></span><strong><span lang="es"><span class="hps">Banda de Apache</span> <span class="hps">Peaks</span></span></strong><em> <span lang="es">(<strong>Nadah</strong> <span class="hps"><strong>Dogalniné</strong>)</span> </span></em><span lang="es">que significa</span><em><span lang="es"> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>gente que cuida el mescal<span class="st">”</span>. También llamados <span class="hps"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></span><strong><span class="hps">Bichi</span> <span class="hps">Lehe</span> <span class="hps">Nnee</span></strong><span class="hps"><span class="st">”</span></span> </span></em><span lang="es">que significa</span><em><span lang="es"> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>gente que huyó a las montañas<span class="st">”</span>. </span></em><span lang="es"><span class="hps">Vivían</span> <span class="hps">al noreste de</span> <span class="hps">Globe,</span> <span class="hps">entre</span> <span class="hps">el Salt River</span> <span class="hps">y</span> <span class="hps">el</span> <span class="hps">Apache</span> <span class="hps">Peak</span>, <span class="hps">entre las bocas del</span> <span class="hps">Cibicue</span> <span class="hps">Creek y</span> <span class="hps">del</span> <span class="hps">Canyon</span> <span class="hps">Creek <em>(Arizona)</em></span>.</span></span></p>
637<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">2. <span lang="es"><strong><span class="hps">Banda</span> <span class="hps">San</span> </strong><span class="hps atn"><strong>Carlos </strong></span></span><em><span lang="es"><span class="hps atn">(</span><strong>Tsandee <span class="hps">Dot&#8217;án</span></strong><span class="hps atn">) </span></span></em><span lang="es"><span class="hps atn">que significa</span></span><em><span lang="es"><span class="hps atn"> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>situado</span> <span class="hps">solo</span> <span class="hps">al lado de la</span> <span class="hps">gente</span> <span class="hps">del fuego<span class="st">”</span></span>. </span></em><span lang="es"><span class="hps">Vivían y</span> <span class="hps"><a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/san-carlos-apaches-charles-harmon.png"><img data-attachment-id="13385" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/la-apacheria-en-el-siglo-xix-4/san-carlos-apaches-charles-harmon/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/san-carlos-apaches-charles-harmon.png" data-orig-size="563,520" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="San Carlos Apaches &amp;#8211; Charles Harmon" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/san-carlos-apaches-charles-harmon.png?w=563" loading="lazy" class="size-medium wp-image-13385 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/san-carlos-apaches-charles-harmon.png?w=300&#038;h=277" alt="" width="300" height="277" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/san-carlos-apaches-charles-harmon.png?w=300 300w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/san-carlos-apaches-charles-harmon.png?w=150 150w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/san-carlos-apaches-charles-harmon.png 563w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100v
637w, 300px" /></a>cultivaban</span> <span class="hps">junto</span> <span class="hps">al</span> <span class="hps">San</span> <span class="hps">Carlos River</span>, <span class="hps">un</span> <span class="hps">afluente del río</span> <span class="hps">Gila</span>.</span></span></p>
638<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">3. <span id="result_box" lang="es"><strong><span class="hps">Banda</span> <span class="hps">Pinal</span> </strong><em><span class="hps atn">(</span><strong><span class="hps">T&#8217;iisibaan</span></strong>,<strong> <span class="hps">Tiis</span> <span class="hps">Tsebán</span> </strong><span class="hps">o</span><strong> <span class="hps">Tiis</span> <span class="hps">Ebah</span> <span class="hps">Nnee</span></strong><span class="hps">)</span></em> que significa <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></em><em>Gente de Álamos Grises en las Rocas<span class="st">”</span> </em>por los <span class="hps">árboles</span> que hay <span class="hps">en la desembocadura del</span> <span class="hps">río San Pedro</span> <span class="hps">y</span> el terreno <span class="hps">a lo largo</span> <span class="hps">del Pinal</span> <span class="hps">Creek</span>. <span class="hps">Vivían</span> <span class="hps">desde las</span> <span class="hps">Mescal</span> Mountains<span class="hps"><em> (Gila County, Arizona)</em> en</span> <span class="hps">el oeste, hasta</span> <span class="hps">el límite norte del</span><span class="hps">
638 Apache</span> Peak <span class="hps">en el este,</span> <span class="hps">hacia el norte</span> <span class="hps">a través del</span> <span class="hps">Salt River</span> <span class="hps">y</span> <span class="hps">en</span> el<span class="hps"> norte</span> <span class="hps">y este de</span> <span class="hps">las Pinal Mountains <em>(Gila County, Arizona)</em>.</span>  </span></span></p>
639<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">4. <span id="result_box" lang="es"><strong><span class="hps">Banda</span> <span class="hps">Aravaipa</span> </strong><em><span class="hps atn">(<strong>Tsézhiné</strong>,<strong> Tséjiné </strong>o<strong> Tsee Zhinnee</strong>)</span></em><span class="hps atn">,</span> que significa <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>Gente de las Rocas Negras<span class="st">”</span>,</em> <span class="hps">por las</span> <span class="hps">rocas negras</span> <span class="hps">que hay </span><span class="hps">en</span> <span class="hps">el</span> Aravaipa <span class="hps">Creek Valley</span><span class="hps">, las</span> <span class="hps">Galiuro</span>, <span class="hps">las Santa</span> <span class="hps">Teresa</span>,<span class="hps"> las Santa Catalina</span> <span class="hps">y las</span> <span class="hps">Rincon</span> Mountains <em>(Arizona)</em><span class="hps atn">.  </span></span></span></p>
640<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #800000"><strong>*</strong> <strong>Tonto</strong></span> <span id="result_box" lang="es" style="color: #800000"><span class="hps"><strong>Apaches</strong></span></span> <span style="color: #800000"><strong><span lang="es">del norte</span></strong></span> <em><span lang="es"><span class="hps">(<span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong>Vinienctinen</strong></span><strong><span class="atn">&#8211;</span>né</strong><span class="st">”</span>), </span></em><span lang="es"><span class="hps">habitando</span> <span class="hps">la cuenca alta</span> <span class="hps">del río</span> </span></span><a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apache-medicine-man-tonto-antoine-tzapoff2.png"><img data-attachment-id="12228" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/apache-medicine-man-tonto-antoine-tzapoff/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apache-medicine-man-tonto-antoine-tzapoff2.png" data-orig-size="780,495" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Apache Medicine Man &amp;#8211; Tonto &amp;#8211; Antoine Tzapoff" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apache-medicine-man-tonto-antoine-tzapoff2.png?w=700" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-12228 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apache-medicine-man-tonto-antoine-tzapoff2.png?w=414&#038;h=262" alt="" width="414" height="262" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apache-medicine-man-tonto-antoine-tzapoff2.png?w=300 300w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apache-medicine-man-tonto-antoine-tzapoff2.png?w=414 414w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apache-medicine-man-tonto-antoine-tzapoff2.png?w=150 150w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apache-medicine-man-tonto-antoine-tzapoff2.png?w=768 768w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/apache-medicine-man-tonto-antoine-tzapoff2.png 780w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px" /></a><span style="color: #000000"><span lang="es"><span class="hps">Verde</span> <span class="hps">y sierras del norte</span><span class="hps"> de</span> <span class="hps">las San</span> <span class="hps">Francisco</span></span> Mountains <em>(Arizona)</em>. Se dividían en las siguientes bandas:</span></p>
641<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span lang="es">1. <strong>Banda de la Bald Mountain</strong> <i>(<strong>Dasziné Dasdaayé Indee</strong></i></span><em>)</em> que significa <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>puerco espín sentado sobre las personas<span class="st">”</span></em>
641.</span></p>
642<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span lang="es">2. <strong>Banda del Fossil Creek </strong><em> (</em><i><strong>Tú Dotłʼizh Indee</strong>)</i></span> que significa <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>gente del agua azul<span class="st">”</span></em>.</span></p>
643<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">3. <span id="result_box" lang="es"><strong><span class="hps">Banda de</span>l <span class="hps">Mormon Lake</span></strong> <em><span class="hps atn">(</span><strong>Dotłizhi <span class="hps">HaitIndee</span></strong>)</em> que significa <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente que sube el camino azul turquesa<span class="st">”</span>. </em></span></span></p>
644<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">4. <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span style="color: #000000"><strong><span class="hps">Banda de</span>l <span class="hps">Oak Creek</span></strong> <em><span class="hps atn">(</span><strong>Tsé <span class="hps">Hichii</span> </strong><span class="hps"><strong>Indee</strong>)</span> </em>que significa<em> <span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente de la roca roja <a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/red-rock-oasis-oak-creek-apache-james-ayers-.png"><img data-attachment-id="23092" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/red-rock-oasis-oak-creek-apache-james-ayers/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/red-rock-oasis-oak-creek-apache-james-ayers-.png" data-orig-size="394,529" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Red Rock Oasis &amp;#8211; Oak Creek Apache &amp;#8211; James Ayers" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/red-rock-oasis-oak-creek-apache-james-ayers-.png?w=394" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-23092 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/red-rock-oasis-oak-creek-apache-james-ayers-.png?w=209&#038;h=280" alt="" width="209" height="280" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/red-rock-oasis-oak-creek-apache-james-ayers-.png?w=223 223w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/red-rock-oasis-oak-creek-apache-james-ayers-.png?w=209 209w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/red-rock-oasis-oak-creek-apache-james-ayers-.png?w=112 112w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/red-rock-oasis-oak-creek-apache-james-ayers-.png 394w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 209px) 100vw, 209px" /></a>horizontal<span class="st">”</span></em>. Llamada así por </span><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b"><span style="color: #000000">las mesetas y cerros de arenisca roja del Oak Creek, cerca de la actual Sedona <em>(Cononino &amp; Yavapai Counties, Arizona)</em>. <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">La banda de Oak Creek era mitad apache, mitad yavapai,</span> mezclándose entre sí. <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Vivían a lo largo del Oak Creek</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">en Dry Beaver Creek y Wet Beaver Creek <em>(Yavapai County, Arizona)</em>.</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Hacia el sur, su</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">territorio corría hacia el lado oeste del río Verde, entre Altman</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">y West Clear Creek.</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Hacia el este, se alinearon en el</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Mogollon Rim <em>(Yavapai County, Arizona)</em>, hasta Stoneman&#8217;s Lake y casi hasta Mary&#8217;s</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Lake</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b"><span style="color: #000000"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b"> <em>(Coconino County, Arizona)</em></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b"><span style="color: #000000"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">.</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Hacia el norte, su territorio se extendía hasta la región de</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Roger&#8217;s<a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apaches-cerca-del-east-fork.png"><img data-attachment-id="30225" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/apaches-cerca-del-east-fork/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apaches-cerca-del-east-fork.png" data-orig-size="473,400" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Apaches cerca del East Fork" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apaches-cerca-del-east-fork.png?w=473" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-30225 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apaches-cerca-del-east-fork.png?w=295&#038;h=249" alt="" width="295" height="249" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apaches-cerca-del-east-fork.png?w=300 300w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apaches-cerca-del-east-fork.png?w=295 295w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apaches-cerca-del-east-fork.png?w=150 150w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apaches-cerca-del-east-fork.png 473w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 295px
644) 100vw, 295px" /></a> Lake y Flagstaff <em>(Coconino County, Arizona)</em>.</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Hacia el oeste, no se extendieron</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">mucho más allá de la división entre Oak Creek y Sycamore</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Creek <em>(Yavapai County, Arizona)</em> donde vivía yavapais de otras bandas.</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Uno de estas</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">bandas, que incluían a muy pocos Tonto Apaches del norte, vivieron</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">sobre Mingus Mountain y Black Hills, inmediatamente</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">al oeste de Jerome <em>(Yavapai County, Arizona)</em>.</span></span> </span></span></span></span></p>
645<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">El jefe más conocido de esta banda era <span style="color: #800000"><strong>Hombre Alto</strong></span>, casado con una mujer yavapai. <span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b">Los apaches y los yavapai de esta banda mantuvieron su propio idioma, mientras que en otros aspectos culturales no había muchas diferencias. Un individuo nacido apache usaba preferiblemente su lengua apache, aunque podía hablar yavapai y, a pesar de ser bilingües, ninguno de los dos grupos olvidó su identidad.</span></span></span></p>
646<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es" style="color: #800000"><strong>*</strong> <strong>Tonto Apaches del sur </strong></span><em>(<span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span><strong>Vinienctinen-né</strong><span class="st">”</span>) </em>habitando<span id="result_box" lang="es"> <span class="hps">el Tonto</span> Basin, <span class="hps">desde el sur del Salt River</span> <span class="hps">hacia el norte,</span> <span class="hps">a lo largo</span> <span class="hps">y</span> <span class="hps">sobre el East</span> <span class="hps">Verde River,</span> <span class="hps">incluyendo</span> <span class="hps">la</span> <span class="hps">Sierra</span> <span class="hps">Ancha,</span> <span class="hps">las</span> <span class="hps">Bradshaw</span> Mountains <span class="hps">y las</span><span class="hps"> Mazatzal</span> Mountains <em>(Arizona)</em>. </span>Se dividían en las siguientes bandas:</span></p>
647<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">1. <span id="result_box" lang="es"><strong><span class="hps">Banda</span> <span class="hps">de las Mazatzal</span> Mountains</strong> <em><span class="hps atn">(</span><strong>Tsé <span class="hps">Noltlizhn</span></strong>)</em> que significa <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente verde de las rocas en línea<span class="st">”</span>.</em></span></span></p>
648<p style="text-align: justify"><span id="result_box" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><em>2.</em> <strong><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">Banda</span></span></strong> <span lang="es"><span class="hps"><strong>Dil</strong></span><strong> <span class="hps">Zhee</span></strong> <span class="hps atn">que significa</span></span><em><span lang="es"><span class="hps atn"> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>l</span>a gente de agudas voces<span class="st">”</span> </span></em><span lang="es">mezclada con apaches yavapais.</span><em><span lang="es">   </span></em></span></p>
649<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #800000"><strong>* </strong><strong>White Mountain Apaches</strong></span><span id="result_box" lang="es"> <em><span class="hps atn">(</span><strong>Dzil <span class="hps">Ligai</span> <span class="hps">Si&#8217;an</span> </strong><span class="hps"><strong>Ndee</strong>)</span></em> que significa<em><span class="hps atn"> <span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>gente <span class="hps">de las Montañas<a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/tzal-ditza-y-noeh.png"><img data-attachment-id="29981" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/tzal-ditza-y-noeh/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/tzal-ditza-y-noeh.png" data-orig-size="325,528" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Tzal-ditza y Noeh" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/tzal-ditza-y-noeh.png?w=325" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-29981 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/tzal-ditza-y-noeh.png?w=217&#038;h=352" alt="" width="217" height="352" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/tzal-ditza-y-noeh.png?w=185 185w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/tzal-ditza-y-noeh.png?w=217 217w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/tzal-ditza-y-noeh.png?w=92 92w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/tzal-ditza-y-noeh.png 325w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 217px) 100v
649w, 217px" /></a> Blancas<span class="st">”</span></span></em>. Vivían </span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">entre</span> <span class="hps">las White Mountains</span> <span class="hps">en</span> <span class="hps">el norte, sobre</span> <span class="hps">las</span><span class="hps"> Gila Mountains</span>, al <span class="hps">sur de las</span> <span class="hps">Pinal Mountains</span>, en el<span class="hps"> White River, Turkey Creek, Black River y el Gila River <em>(Arizona)</em>. Se dividían en las siguientes bandas:</span></span></span></p>
650<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">1.<strong> Banda occidental </strong><strong><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">White Mountain</span></span></strong><span id="result_box" lang="es" style="color: #000000"><span class="hps">,</span></span><span id="result_box" lang="es"> llamada de dos formas <strong><em>tá.nbà.há</em> </strong></span><em><span lang="es"><span class="hps atn">(</span><strong>Liinábáha</strong>, <strong><span class="hps">Laan</span> <span class="hps">Baaha</span></strong> <span class="hps">o</span><strong> <span class="hps">Liinábáha</span> <span class="hps">Dinei</span></strong></span>)</em> que significa <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps atn"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></span>muchos van a la guerra<span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps"><span class="st">”</span></span></span></em> porque h<span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">ace mucho tiempo, la gente que vivía en Cedar</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Creek iba</span><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b"> a incursionar a México y c</span><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">uando venían,</span><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b"> hacían una gran fiesta con muchos guerreros,</span> <span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">por eso decían <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps atn"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></span>muchos van a la guerra<span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps"><span class="st">”</span></span></span></em></span></span>; y <strong><em><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b"> tí.nàbà.há</span></span></em></strong><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">, </span></span><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">explicación </span></span><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">menos precisa, significa</span></span><em><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b"> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps atn"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span></span>van a incursionar por </span><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">caballos<span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps"><span class="st">”</span></span></span></span></span></em><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">. </span></span></span></p>
651<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span class="VIiyi" lang="es"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b">Vivían en Cedar Creek y hacia el este, hasta White River, debajo de las bifurcaciones <a href="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apache-de-white-river.png"><img data-attachment-id="30228" data-permalink="https://apacheria.es/tribus/apache-de-white-river/#main" data-orig-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apache-de-white-river.png" data-orig-size="444,518" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-title="Apache de White River" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-large-file="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apache-de-white-river.png?w=444" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-30228 alignleft" src="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apache-de-white-river.png?w=210&#038;h=245" alt="" width="210" height="245" srcset="https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apache-de-white-river.png?w=257 257w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apache-de-white-river.png?w=210 210w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apache-de-white-river.png?w=420 420w, https://apacheria.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/apache-de-white-river.png?w=129 129w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 210px) 100v
651w, 210px" /></a>este y norte. Sus principales sitios de cultivo estaban en Cedar Creek, en Canyon Day y en Bear Springs. </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000">A menudo eran llamados coyoteros. A<span id="result_box" class="" lang="es">lgunas fuentes afirman que el término<em> <span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>coyotero<span class="st">”</span></em> era porque comían coyotes, pero p<span class="">robablemente se deriva del hecho de que esos apaches vagaban por todo el territorio, principalmente al sur del Black River. Comer coyotes era una costumbre de los Western Apaches, excepto de los White Mountain. Los apaches tampoco comían serpientes ni peces.<br />
652</span></span></span></p>
653<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">2. <strong>Banda oriental </strong><strong><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">White Mountain</span></span></strong> <em>(<strong>Dzil Ghaáʼ </strong>o <strong>Dzil Ghaa a</strong>)</em> que significa <em><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></span>gente encima de las montañas<span class="st">”</span></em>.</span></p>
654<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span class="hps">3.<strong> Banda</strong> <strong>Dzil</strong></span><strong> <span class="hps">Nchaa</span> <span class="hps">Si An</span></strong> que significa<em> <span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span>gente del gran lugar de la montaña<span class="st">”</span></em>, <span class="hps">es decir <em><span title="The steep walls of the canyon were about 800 feet high and covered with scattered trees and heavy underbrush.">“</span></em></span><em><span class="hps">gente del</span> <span class="hps">Monte Graham</span><span class="hps atn"><span class="st">”</span></span></em>2</span> También eran llamados Pinaleños por vivir en el Monte Graham, aunque puede llevar a confusión con la Banda Pinal de los apaches San Carlos.<em><br />
655</em></span></p>
656<p style="text-align: justify"><span style="color: #000000">Hoy en día la <em><strong>White Mountain Apache Tribe</strong></em> es la más numerosa de todas las tribus apaches establecidas en reservas en los Estados Unidos y la segunda en extensión tras la <em><strong>San Carlos Apache Tribe</strong></em>.</span></p>
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738						if ( null === consent ) {
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740							return;
741						}
742
743						// Everything checks out. Fire the provided callback with the consent data.
744						callback( { version: 1, uspString: consent }, true );
745					};
746
747					// Initialization.
748					document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() {
749
750						// Internal functions.
751						var setDefaultOptInCookie = function() {
752							var value = '1YNN';
753							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
754							cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 365 * 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
755						};
756
757						var setDefaultOptOutCookie = function() {
758							var value = '1YYN';
759							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
760							cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
761						};
762
763						var setDefaultNotApplicableCookie = function() {
764							var value = '1---';
765							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
766							cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
767						};
768
769						var setCcpaAppliesCookie = function( applies ) {
770							var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname;
771							cookieLib.setItem( 'ccpa_applies', applies, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain );
772						}
773
774						var maybeCallDoNotSellCallback = function() {
775							if ( 'function' === typeof window.doNotSellCallback ) {
776								return window.doNotSellCallback();
777							}
778
779							return false;
780						}
781
782						// Look for usprivacy cookie first.
783						var usprivacyCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' );
784
785						// Found a usprivacy cookie.
786						if ( null !== usprivacyCookie ) {
787
788							// If the cookie indicates that CCPA does not apply, then bail.
789							if ( '1---' === usprivacyCookie ) {
790								return;
791							}
792
793							// CCPA applies, so call our callback to add Do Not Sell link to the page.
794							maybeCallDoNotSellCallback();
795
796							// We're all done, no more processing needed.
797							return;
798						}
799
800						// We don't have a usprivacy cookie, so check to see if we have a CCPA applies cookie.
801						var ccpaCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'ccpa_applies' );
802
803						// No CCPA applies cookie found, so we'll need to geolocate if this visitor is from California.
804						// This needs to happen client side because we do not have region geo data in our $SERVER headers,
805						// only country data -- therefore we can't vary cache on the region.
806						if ( null === ccpaCookie ) {
807
808							var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
809							request.open( 'GET', 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/geo/', true );
810
811							request.onreadystatechange = function () {
812								if ( 4 === this.readyState ) {
813									if ( 200 === this.status ) {
814
815										// Got a geo response. Parse out the region data.
816										var data = JSON.parse( this.response );
817										var region      = data.region ? data.region.toLowerCase() : '';
818										var ccpa_applies = ['california', 'colorado', 'connecticut', 'delaware', 'indiana', 'iowa', 'montana', 'new jersey', 'oregon', 'tennessee', 'texas', 'utah', 'virginia'].indexOf( region ) > -1;
819										// Set CCPA applies cookie. This keeps us from having to make a geo request too frequently.
820										setCcpaAppliesCookie( ccpa_applies );
821
822										// Check if CCPA applies to set the proper usprivacy cookie.
823										if ( ccpa_applies ) {
824											if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) {
825												// Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in.
826												setDefaultOptInCookie();
827											} else {
828												// Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe.
829												setDefaultOptOutCookie();
830											}
831										} else {
832											// CCPA does not apply.
833											setDefaultNotApplicableCookie();
834										}
835									} else {
836										// Could not geo, so let's assume for now that CCPA applies to be safe.
837										setCcpaAppliesCookie( true );
838										if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) {
839											// Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in.
840											setDefaultOptInCookie();
841										} else {
842											// Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe.
843											setDefaultOptOutCookie();
844										}
845									}
846								}
847							};
848
849							// Send the geo request.
850							request.send();
851						} else {
852							// We found a CCPA applies cookie.
853							if ( ccpaCookie === 'true' ) {
854								if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) {
855									// Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in.
856									setDefaultOptInCookie();
857								} else {
858									// Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe.
859									setDefaultOptOutCookie();
860								}
861							} else {
862								// CCPA does not apply.
863								setDefaultNotApplicableCookie();
864							}
865						}
866					} );
867				};
868
869				// Kickoff initialization.
870				if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) {
871					defQueue.items.push( setupPrivacy );
872				} else {
873					setupPrivacy();
874				}
875
876			} )();
877		</script>
877
878
879		<!-- CCPA [end] -->
880		<div class="widget widget_eu_cookie_law_widget">
881<div
882	class="hide-on-button ads-active"
883	data-hide-timeout="30"
884	data-consent-expiration="180"
885	id="eu-cookie-law"
886	style="display: none"
887>
888	<form method="post">
889		<input type="submit" value="Cerrar y aceptar" class="accept" />
890
891		Privacidad y cookies: este sitio utiliza cookies. Al continuar utilizando esta web, aceptas su uso. <br />
892Para obtener más información, incluido cómo controlar las cookies, consulta aquí:
893				<a href="https://automattic.com/cookies/" rel="nofollow">
894			Política de cookies		</a>
895 </form>
896</div>
897</div>			<div id="actionbar" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"
898				class="actnbr-pub-big-brother" role="region" aria-label="Acciones del sitio">
899			<span class="actnbr-live" aria-live="polite"></span>
900			<ul>
901										<li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden">
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904			</a>
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906				<svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-check" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" style="fill: none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"><path d="M7 12L10 15L17 8" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"/></svg>				<span>Suscrito</span>
907			</a>
908									<div class="actnbr-popover actnbr-panel actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble" role="dialog" aria-label="Suscribirse a Apachería">
909								<div class="actnbr-follow-bubble">
910								<div class="actnbr-panel__group"><a class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://apacheria.es"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png?m=1479929237i' srcset='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Apachería</span></a></div>																	<div class="actnbr-panel__group">
911										<div class="actnbr-message no-display" aria-live="polite"></div>
912										<form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" class="no-display">
913																							<div class="actnbr-follow-count">Únete a otros 58 suscriptores</div>
914																							<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Want updates? Enter your email" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Dirección de correo electrónico" />
915											<input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" />
916											<input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="88244673" />
917											<input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://apacheria.es/tribus/" />
918											<input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" />
919											<input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="876c4c8fd9" />											<button type="submit" class="actnbr-button">Suscríbeme</button>
920										</form>
921										<p class="actnbr-login-nudge">
922											Have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fapacheria.es%252Ftribus%252F">Log in now.</a>										</p>
923									</div>
924																	</div>
925							</div>
926						</li>
927									<li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden">
928					<button type="button" class="actnbr-more-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Más opciones">
929						<svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-more-horizontal" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M11 13h2v-2h-2v2zm-6 0h2v-2H5v2zm12-2v2h2v-2h-2z"/></svg>					</button>
930					<div class="actnbr-popover actnbr-menu" role="menu" aria-label="Ocultar opciones">
931						<div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-sitename" href="https://apacheria.es"><img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png?m=1479929237i' srcset='https://s-ssl.wordpress.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Apachería</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-shortlink" href="https://wp.me/P5Ygtb-e"><span class="actnbr-menu__label actnbr-shortlink__text">Copiar enlace corto</span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon actnbr-shortlink__icon"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-copy" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 4.5h11a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v11a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5H5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5ZM3 5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h11a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5Zm17 3v10.75c0 .69-.56 1.25-1.25 1.25H6v1.5h12.75a2.75 2.75 0 0 0 2.75-2.75V8H20Z"/></svg></span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon actnbr-shortlink__icon-copied"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-check" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" style="fill: none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"><path d="M7 12L10 15L17 8" vector-effect="non-scaling-stroke"/></svg></span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-reader" href="https://wordpress.com/reader/blogs/88244673/posts/14"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Ver la entrada en el Lector</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-subs" href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Gestionar las suscripciones</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-signup" href="https://wordpress.com/start/"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Regístrate</span></a><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-login" href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fapacheria.es%252Ftribus%252F"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Iniciar sesión</span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item flb-report" href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://apacheria.es/tribus/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Denunciar este contenido</span><span class="actnbr-menu__icon"><svg class="actnbr-icon actnbr-icon-external" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" fill="currentColor"><path d="M19.5 4.5h-7V6h4.44l-5.97 5.97 1.06 1.06L18 7.06v4.44h1.5v-7Zm-13 1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v10a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h10a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-3H17v3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5h-10a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-10a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h3V5.5h-3Z"/></svg></span></a></div><div class="actnbr-menu__group" role="group"><a role="menuitem" class="actnbr-menu__item actnbr-fold" href=""><span class="actnbr-menu__label">Contraer esta barra</span></a></div>					</div>
932				</li>
933			</ul>
934		</div>
935		
935<script>
936window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function () {
937				var link = document.createElement( "link" );
938				link.href = "\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-newsletter\/src\/..\/build\/action-bar.css?ver=9e2715140ce0af99d983";
939				link.rel = "stylesheet";
940				document.head.appendChild( link );
941
942				var script = document.createElement( "script" );
943				script.src = "\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-newsletter\/src\/..\/build\/action-bar.js?ver=9e2715140ce0af99d983";
944				document.body.appendChild( script );
945			} );
946</script>
946
947<link rel="prefetch" href="/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/_inc/blocks/swiper.js" as="script" />
948		<div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay" style="display: none;">
949			<div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper">
950				<span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"><svg class="jetpack-spinner" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="46" fill="none" stroke="#ddd" stroke-width="8"/><path d="M 50 4 A 46 46 0 0 1 96 50" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="8" stroke-linecap="round"><animateTransform attributeName="transform" type="rotate" dur="1.4s" from="0 50 50" to="360 50 50" repeatCount="indefinite"/></path></svg></span>
951			</div>
952		</div>
953		<div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;">
954
955		<div class="jp-carousel-container">
956			<!-- The Carousel Swiper -->
957			<div
958				class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions"
959				itemscope
960				itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery">
961				<div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div>
962				<div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev">
963					<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
964						<mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12">
965							<path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/>
966						</mask>
967						<g mask="url(#maskPrev)">
968							<rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
969						</g>
970					</svg>
971				</div>
972				<div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next">
973					<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
974						<mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12">
975							<path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/>
976						</mask>
977						<g mask="url(#maskNext)">
978							<rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
979						</g>
980					</svg>
981				</div>
982			</div>
983			<!-- The main close buton -->
984			<div class="jp-carousel-close-hint">
985				<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
986					<mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14">
987						<path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/>
988					</mask>
989					<g mask="url(#maskClose)">
990						<rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
991					</g>
992				</svg>
993			</div>
994			<!-- Image info, comments and meta -->
995			<div class="jp-carousel-info">
996				<div class="jp-carousel-info-footer">
997					<div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container">
998						<div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div>
999						<div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div>
1000					</div>
1001					<div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container">
1002						<div class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></div>
1003					</div>
1004					<div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container">
1005						<a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Cambiar la visibilidad de los metadatos de las fotos">
1006							<span class="jp-carousel-icon">
1007								<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1008									<mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20">
1009										<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/>
1010									</mask>
1011									<g mask="url(#maskInfo)">
1012										<rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
1013									</g>
1014								</svg>
1015							</span>
1016						</a>
1017												<a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Cambiar la visibilidad de los comentarios de las fotos">
1018							<span class="jp-carousel-icon">
1019								<svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
1020									<mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20">
1021										<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/>
1022									</mask>
1023									<g mask="url(#maskComments)">
1024										<rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/>
1025									</g>
1026								</svg>
1027
1028								<span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="Esta imagen tiene comentarios."></span>
1029							</span>
1030						</a>
1031											</div>
1032				</div>
1033				<div class="jp-carousel-info-extra">
1034					<div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper">
1035						<div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container">
1036							<div class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></div>
1037						</div>
1038						<div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper">
1039															<div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading">
1040									<span>Cargando comentarios...</span>
1041								</div>
1042								<div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div>
1043								<div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container">
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1045									<div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div>
1046																														<form id="jp-carousel-comment-form">
1047												<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" class="screen-reader-text">Escribe un comentario...</label>
1048												<textarea
1049													name="comment"
1050													class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-textarea"
1051													id="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field"
1052													placeholder="Escribe un comentario..."
1053												></textarea>
1054												<div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper">
1055													<div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as">
1056																													<fieldset>
1057																<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field">Correo electrónico</label>
1058																<input type="text" name="email" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field" />
1059															</fieldset>
1060															<fieldset>
1061																<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field">Nombre</label>
1062																<input type="text" name="author" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field" />
1063															</fieldset>
1064															<fieldset>
1065																<label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field">Web</label>
1066																<input type="text" name="url" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field" />
1067															</fieldset>
1068																											</div>
1069													<input
1070														type="submit"
1071														name="submit"
1072														class="jp-carousel-comment-form-button"
1073														id="jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit"
1074														value="Publicar comentario" />
1075												</div>
1076											</form>
1077																											</div>
1078													</div>
1079						<div class="jp-carousel-image-meta">
1080							<div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption">
1081								<div class="jp-carousel-photo-info">
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1083								</div>
1084
1085								<div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div>
1086							</div>
1087							<a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" aria-label="Descargar imagen" target="_blank" style="display: none;">
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1094									</g>
1095								</svg>
1096								<span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span>
1097							</a>
1098							<div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div>
1099						</div>
1100					</div>
1101				</div>
1102			</div>
1103		</div>
1104
1105		</div>
1106		
1107	
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1152
1153<script id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra">
1154var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-plugin/sun/_inc/blocks/swiper.js"};
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1157
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1158
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