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191                <h1 class="site-title title-font"><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/" rel="home">Cumbrian Characters</a></h1>
192                <h2 class="site-description">Family history is so much more than names and dates</h2>
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229		<h1 class="entry-title">Index &#8211; topics</h1>	</header><!-- .entry-header -->
230
231	<div class="entry-content">
232		<h3>Topics are alphabetical</h3>
233<p><strong>Click on a link in the topics list to be taken to the relevant article.</strong></p>
234<p>SHOULD ANY LINK BE BROKEN, YOU CAN SEARCH VIA THE MAGNIFYING GLASS ON THE <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com">HOME PAGE</a>.</p>
235<h2>Cumbrian and social history</h2>
236<p>Advertising</p>
237<ul>
238<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/03/23/nathaniel-dean-lowthian-tasteful-adverts/">1910s</a></li>
239</ul>
240<p>Alcohol</p>
241<ul>
242<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/06/08/cumbrian-gin-a-post-for-world-gin-day/">gin,</a> the Cumbrian connection</li>
243<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/06/24/drunkenness-georgian-view/">drunkennes</a>s, the Georgian view</li>
244<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/05/03/beer-prices-in-1959/">beer prices in 1959</a> (and other drinks)</li>
245</ul>
246<p>Animals</p>
247<ul>
248<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/06/03/cute-animals/">Cute animals</a></li>
249</ul>
250<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/02/23/14-king-street-penrith-history/">Armstrong &amp; Fleming</a>, Penrith</p>
251<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/01/05/beds-through-the-ages-important/">Beds</a> through the ages</p>
252<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/07/27/bicycle-mania-cumbria-1869/">Bicycle mania</a> in 1869</p>
253<p>Bonfire Night <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/11/03/bonfire-night-1855-cumberland/">1855</a></p>
254<p>Border reivers</p>
255<ul>
256<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/11/23/pacification-document-06a/">Pacification document 06a</a></li>
257<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/01/05/king-james-grahams/">Pacification document 21</a></li>
258<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/03/02/walter-graham-of-netherby">Pacification document 24a</a></li>
259<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/04/06/folio-33-pacification/">Pacification document 33</a></li>
260<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/09/06/richard-graham/">Pacification document 08</a></li>
261<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/01/18/hutchin-graham-free-pardon/">Pacification documents 17a/b</a></li>
262<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/05/24/pacification-document-31a/">Pacification document 31a</a></li>
263<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/07/19/escheat-1605/">Pacification document 31b</a></li>
264<li>Bell&#8217;s <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/06/01/history-of-the-border/">History of the Border</a></li>
265<li>Carlisle Castle reiver <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/06/21/carlisle-castle-graffiti/">graffiti</a></li>
266<li>See also posts on the Grahams</li>
267</ul>
268<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/08/31/victorian-burials-health-risk/">Burials</a> &#8211; a Victorian public health risk</p>
269<p>Carlisle Journal</p>
270<ul>
271<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/04/07/carlisle-journal-tg-cant/">1873 libel case</a></li>
272</ul>
273<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/05/16/cartes-de-visite-snapsh
273ots-of-history/">cartes de visite</a></p>
274<p>Christmas</p>
275<ul>
276<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/12/23/christmas-in-penrith-in-1853/">in Victorian Penrith</a></li>
277<li>in <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/12/20/christmas-1843-in-cumbria/">1843</a></li>
278<li>in <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/12/20/christmas-1854-in-carlisle/">1854</a>, in Carlisle</li>
279<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/12/23/changing-customs/">changing customs</a></li>
280<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/12/24/christmas-eve-victorian/">Christmas Eve</a></li>
281</ul>
282<p>The Church</p>
283<ul>
284<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/09/13/armed-clergy/">armed clergy</a> in 1610</li>
285</ul>
286<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/10/13/facts-about-coats-of-arms/">Coats of arms</a>/heraldry</p>
287<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/05/06/coronation/">Coronation Day</a> 1838</p>
288<p>Crime (<strong>see also punishments)</strong></p>
289<ul>
290<li>affray and riots in <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/06/14/kingstown-carlisle-crime/">Kingstown</a></li>
291<li>the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/10/14/conspiracy-to-marriage-anne-crellin/">Anne Crellin</a> abduction</li>
292<li>the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/09/20/most-atrocious-deed-longburn-murders/">Longburn murders</a></li>
293<li>the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/11/22/the-dearham-riot-headstrong-passion-in-1863/">Dearham riot</a></li>
294<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/02/07/sarah-nicholson-no-merry-widow/">Sarah Nicholson</a>, sinner and victim</li>
295<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/05/09/william-horsley-victim-of-love/">William Horsley</a>, victim of love</li>
296<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/05/31/catherine-wilson-serial-poisoner/">Ann Atkinson</a>, victim of serial poisoner Catherine Wilson</li>
297<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/07/25/annie-robinson-murder-in-mind/">Annie Robinson</a>, poisoner</li>
298<li>the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/08/07/seathwaite-riot/">Seathwaite riot</a></li>
299<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/09/25/john-scott-brown-thin-skinned-thug/">John Scott Brown</a> aggravated assault</li>
300<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/02/05/1826-murders/">1826 murders</a></li>
301<li>the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/08/02/floriston-smugglers/">Floriston smugglers</a></li>
302</ul>
303<p>The <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/02/23/14-king-street-penrith-history/">Cumberland &amp; Westmorland Herald</a></p>
304<p>Cumbrian <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/07/10/cumberland-westmorland-ancient-and-modern/">place names</a></p>
305<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/11/15/william-jarman-and-customs-job-titles/">Customs and Excise </a></p>
306<p>The Port Carlisle <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/10/06/port-carlisle-dandy/">Dandy]</a></p>
307<p>Deaths</p>
308<ul>
309<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/09/06/the-penrith-death-roll-for-1895/">Death roll in Penrith, 1895</a></li>
310<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/08/30/mourning-jewellery/">mourning jewellery</a></li>
311</ul>
312<p>Diseases: the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/11/23/1597-plague-cumbria/">1597 plague</a></p>
313<p>Diseases and <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/09/23/georgian-medicine/">medicine</a> in Georgian times</p>
314<ul>
315<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/10/27/kill-or-cure-georgian-medicine/">Georgian medicine</a></li>
316</ul>
317<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2017/12/21/victorian-cures/">Diseases</a> and cures in Victorian times</p>
318<ul>
319<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/11/25/quack-medicines-miracle-cures/">Quack medicines</a> and &#8216;miracle cures&#8217;</li>
320<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/10/20/scarlet-fever-in-the-1800s/">Scarlet fever</a> in the 1800s</li>
321<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/02/02/consumption-romantic-disease/">Consumption</a>, a far from romantic disease</li>
322<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/11/17/bonesetter-a-family-occupation/">Bonesetter</a>, a family occupation</li>
323<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/02/01/electrotherapy-mourning/">electrotherapy</a></li>
324<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/06/28/frances-farlam-a-lunatic-from-grief/">mental health</a></li>
325<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/08/10/garlands/">Garlands asylum</a></li>
326<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/09/27/cholera-flu-epidemics-1830s/">cholera</a>
326 and other 1830s epidemics</li>
327<li>&#8216;<a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/04/26/magnetic-appliances/">magnetic appliances</a>&#8216; 1880s</li>
328</ul>
329<p>Easter</p>
330<ul>
331<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/04/17/easter-in-carlisle-1803/">Carlisle, 1803</a></li>
332<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/03/24/palm-sunday-carlings/">Palm Sunday</a></li>
333<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/04/20/easter-1890/">Westmorland 1890</a></li>
334</ul>
335<p>Education</p>
336<ul>
337<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/03/03/brunswick-square-school-penrith/">Brunswick Square school</a>, Penrith</li>
338<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/08/23/carlisle-central-school-v-industrial-revolution/">Carlisle Central School</a></li>
339<li>The <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/10/11/the-popular-educator-and-lessons-for-women/">Popular Educator</a></li>
340<li>Greystoke <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/09/21/greystoke-school/">School rules</a> circa 1790</li>
341</ul>
342<p>Farming</p>
343<ul>
344<li>Fat stock and other prices <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/05/03/beer-prices-in-1959/">in 1959</a></li>
345<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/10/04/notice-to-quit-the-hutton-john-estate/">notice to quit</a> in 1857</li>
346</ul>
347<p>Fashion</p>
348<ul>
349<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/12/22/winter-solstice-fashion-tips-1893/">in 1893</a></li>
350</ul>
351<p>Fishing <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/01/22/fishing-rights/">rights</a></p>
352<p>Fire service</p>
353<ul>
354<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/01/24/fp-signs-what-are-they/">FP signs</a></li>
355</ul>
356<p>First World War</p>
357<ul>
358<li>&#8211; <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/11/11/armistice-day-centenary-remembrance/">1918 deaths</a></li>
359<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/02/16/brunswick-square-first-world-war/">Brunswick Square Penrith</a></li>
360<li>the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/03/10/penrith-pilkington-war/">Pilkington</a> brothers</li>
361<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/03/30/mustard-gas/">mustard gas</a></li>
362<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/04/20/tom-telford-one-more-casualty/">Tom Telford</a></li>
363<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/05/18/prisoners-of-war-wwi/">Prisoners of war</a></li>
364<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/10/25/food-control-and-war-service-for-women/">food control</a> (domestic rationing)</li>
365<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/11/08/high-hesket/">High Hesket</a> war memorial</li>
366<li>Thomas William <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/11/11/thomas-william-hetherington/">Hetherington</a> x2 (the Somme)</li>
367<li>Blackhall Camp/<a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/11/10/john-ellwood-boadle/">Lonsdale Battalion</a></li>
368</ul>
369<p>Food and drink (alcohol: see A above)</p>
370<ul>
371<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/09/01/food-safety-sawdust-sandwich-anyone/">Food safety</a></li>
372<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/01/19/frozen-fish-a-cumbrian-discovery/">Frozen fish,</a> a &#8216;Cumbrian discovery&#8217;</li>
373<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/01/21/polly-put-kettle-teatime/">Tea</a> &#8211; a social history</li>
374<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/03/24/palm-sunday-carlings/">carlings</a> (carlins)</li>
375<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/07/28/wheaten-bread/">bread</a> riots</li>
376<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/08/13/salt-on-the-solway/">salt</a> on the Solway</li>
377</ul>
378<p>Funerals</p>
379<ul>
380<li>The Bowness-on-Solway <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/01/26/invitation-to-a-funeral-cumbrian-custom/">funeral bidder</a></li>
381<li>Victorian <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/02/01/electrotherapy-mourning/">mourning</a></li>
382</ul>
383<p>Furniture and furnishings</p>
384<ul>
385<li>A <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/10/21/georgian-living-household-goods/">Georgian household</a></li>
386</ul>
387<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/09/15/graffiti-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/">Graffiti</a> &#8211; historic</p>
388<ul>
389<li>and <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/11/28/lost-gravestones/">more recent</a></li>
390</ul>
391<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/11/28/lost-gravestones/">Gravestones</a></p>
392<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/10/28/haaf-net-fishing-at-port-carlisle/">Haaf net fishing</a> at Port Carlisle</p>
393<p>History sources</p>
394<ul>
395<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/02/02/history-of-cumberland/">A History of Cumberland and Westmorelan</a>d</li>
396</ul>
397<p>Humour</p>
398<ul>
399<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/07/21/victorian-jokes-contain-your-excitement/">Victorian</a></li>
400<li>and <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/04/19/more-victorian-humour/">here</a></li>
401</ul>
402<p>Industrial Revolution (the), and <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/01/01/averagewage-1843/">occupations</a></p>
403<p>Inglewood <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/08/13/inglewood-rifle-corps/">Rifle Corps</a></p>
404<ul>
405<li>and <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/10/19/last-of-the-inglewood-rifles/">&#8216;the last member</a>&#8216;</li>
406</ul>
407<p>Jacobites 1745</p>
408<ul>
409<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/01/10/jacobite-occupation-carlisle-1745/">Carlisle</a></li>
410</ul>
411<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/01/24/job-titles-old-new/">Job titles</a> old and new</p>
412<p>Land rights and customs</p>
413<ul>
414<li>Boon services. The <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/03/29/tenants-hutton-john/">Hutton John tenants</a> fight-back</li>
415</ul>
416<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/02/08/life-expectancy-1845/">Life expectanc</a>y in 1776 and 1845</p>
417<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/09/29/cumbrian-lodging-houses/">Lodging houses</a> and the spread of disease</p>
418<p>Love –</p>
419<ul>
420<li>a <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/12/11/joseph-timperon-jilted-love/">breach of promise.</a></li>
421<li>and <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/02/14/breach-of-promise-a-true-life-frank-churchill/">
421another</a></li>
422<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/08/18/dating-advice-in-the-1840s/">dating advice</a> in the 1840s</li>
423<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/12/15/old-maids-a-tedious-courtship-and-dating-advice/">Old maids</a> and more 1840s advice</li>
424<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/03/29/near-riot-at-a-penrith-wedding/">near riot at a wedding</a></li>
425</ul>
426<p>Maritime and shipping</p>
427<ul>
428<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/03/21/solway-ships-in-the-1800s-types-names-and-cargoes/">Solway ships in the 1800s</a></li>
429</ul>
430<p>Martime tragedies</p>
431<ul>
432<li>the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/01/15/ss-west-cumberland/">SS West Cumberland</a></li>
433<li>the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/01/27/brig-robert-burns/">brig Robert Burns</a></li>
434<li>in <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/05/06/those-in-peril-on-the-sea-in-1813/">early 1813</a></li>
435</ul>
436<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/05/01/may-day-ruined-by-the-puritans/">May Day</a></p>
437<p>Militia</p>
438<ul>
439<li>the American <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/04/26/american-invasion-britain/">invasion</a> of Whitehaven</li>
440<li>Wicked Jimmy Lowther and the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/05/03/wicked-jimmy-westmorland-militia/">Westmorland Militia</a></li>
441</ul>
442<p>Carlisle <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/08/17/carlisle-museum-gifts-gee-thanks/">Museum</a></p>
443<p>Mining – <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/05/11/wellington-pit/">Wellington Pit</a></p>
444<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/03/14/need-fire/">Need-fire</a> – a Celtic tradition</p>
445<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/12/31/new-year-traditions-ginger-and-coal/">New Year</a> traditions down the centuries</p>
446<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/12/31/new-years-eve/">New Year&#8217;s Eve</a> 1859-1867</p>
447<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2017/12/27/benjamin-franklins-visit-cumberland/">Oil on troubled waters</a> &#8211; a Cumbrian experiment</p>
448<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/01/07/the-sorceries/">Pasche eggs</a> – a Cumbrian tradition</p>
449<p>Photographs: see <em>cartes de visite</em></p>
450<p>Poetry/poets</p>
451<ul>
452<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/10/18/neath-a-northern-sky/">Northern sky</a></li>
453</ul>
454<p>Policing</p>
455<ul>
456<li>In the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/05/24/thomas-hetherington-a-policemans-lot/">1840s</a></li>
457<li>Carlisle Police, <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/06/01/carlisle-police/">part one</a></li>
458<li>Carlisle Police (the Shaddongate riot) <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/06/16/shaddongate-riot/">part two</a></li>
459</ul>
460<p>Politics</p>
461<ul>
462<li>1768 <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/12/05/inglewood-forest-lowther-land-grab/">Lowther v Portland</a></li>
463<li>1832 Reform Act (Reform Bill) and <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/06/12/jubilee-time-in-1832/">jubilee</a></li>
464<li>John <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/12/03/john-tweddle/">Tweddle</a></li>
465<li>1868 <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/05/27/election-riots-in-penrith-and-other-places/">election riots </a></li>
466<li>1884 <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/09/21/will-of-the-people-nothing-new/">Reform Act</a></li>
467</ul>
468<p>Postal service</p>
469<ul>
470<li>life of a <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/06/26/abraham-greenhow-penrith-postman/">Penrith postman</a></li>
471<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/01/08/thursby-post-office/">Thursby Post Office</a></li>
472</ul>
473<p>Poverty</p>
474<ul>
475<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/01/02/handloom-weavers-starvation-in-carlisle/">Starvation</a>, in 1854</li>
476</ul>
477<p>Public houses &#8211; see the places index page</p>
478<p>Punishments</p>
479<ul>
480<li>in <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/04/19/branding-punishment-1700s/">the 1700s</a></li>
481<li>in the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/06/21/william-pinder-punishment-in-the-1800s/">mid-1800s</a></li>
482<li>in <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/04/04/punishments-in-1841-in-cumberland/">1841</a></li>
483<li>the<a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/07/08/treadmill-punishment/">
483 treadmill</a></li>
484<li>and <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/03/17/victorian-values-punishment/">values</a></li>
485</ul>
486<p>Railways</p>
487<ul>
488<li>The Yanwath railway<a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/06/30/yanwath-railway-explosion/"> explosion</a></li>
489<li>the Yanwath railway <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/12/11/yanwath-railway/">hero</a></li>
490<li>railway <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/07/10/kendal-town-clock/">time</a></li>
491</ul>
492<p>Reivers – see Border reivers</p>
493<p>Sanitation <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/08/02/temperance-and-drains-in-carlisle/">debated</a></p>
494<ul>
495<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/04/07/middens-carlisle/">middens</a> and rubbish</li>
496<li>Penrith Board of Health and the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/02/09/water-closet-furore-jj-graham/">water closet furore</a></li>
497</ul>
498<p>Science</p>
499<ul>
500<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/07/20/moon-cumbrian-disagreed-herschel/">Astronomy and navigation</a></li>
501</ul>
502<p>Second World War</p>
503<ul>
504<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/11/14/ronald-foster-royal-artillery/">Merry Thought Camp, Ronald Foster</a></li>
505</ul>
506<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/02/11/shrove-tuesday-customs/">Shrove Tuesday</a> customs</p>
507<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/08/26/slander-and-witchcraft-in-stuart-england/">Slander</a> in Stuart England</p>
508<p>Slavery</p>
509<ul>
510<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/07/14/robert-lowther-the-tyrant-of-barbados/">Robert Lowther</a></li>
511</ul>
512<p>Sleeping arrangements <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/10/10/sleeping-arrangements-dead-unnoticed/">in the 1800s</a></p>
513<p>the<a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/11/24/solway-artillery-range/"> Solway Artillery Range</a></p>
514<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/03/01/spring-cleaning-tips-1880/">Spring cleaning</a> – Victorian advice</p>
515<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/01/13/attitudes-suicide-history/">Suicide</a> &#8211; attitudes towards</p>
516<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/07/05/cumbrian-superstitions/">superstitions</a></p>
517<p>the <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/06/21/the-telephone-useless-for-postal-purposes/">telephone</a> – an exciting discovery</p>
518<p>Temperance <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/08/02/temperance-and-drains-in-carlisle/">theory</a></p>
519<p>Theatre &#8211; <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/01/31/life-in-georgian-cumbria/">Georgian</a></p>
520<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/05/20/thirlepolle-thirlepoole-fish-or-whale/">Thirlepolles</a> – a mysterious ancient delicacy</p>
521<p>Transport and travel</p>
522<ul>
523<li>For the Carlisle Canal and/or Carlisle to Port Carlisle railway, see the Places index page</li>
524<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/05/10/first-motor-cars-a-cumbrian-take/">First motor cars</a></li>
525<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/03/30/all-mod-cons-on-a-1777-stagecoach/">Travel</a> in the 1700s</li>
526</ul>
527<p>Twelfth Night</p>
528<ul>
529<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/01/05/twelfth-night-twelfth-cakes/">twelfth cakes</a></li>
530<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/01/03/holly-a-unique-westmorland-tradition/">striving for the holly</a></li>
531</ul>
532<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/04/27/unfortunate-deaths-in-cumbria/">Unfortunate deaths</a> &#8211; a few examples</p>
533<p>Wages</p>
534<ul>
535<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/01/01/averagewage-1843/">in 1843</a></li>
536<li>and <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/01/01/averagewage-1843/">1844</a></li>
537</ul>
538<p>Weather</p>
539<ul>
540<li>in <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/12/27/flooding-carlisle-1822-whitehaven-1827/">1822 and 1827</a></li>
541<li>in <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/03/01/snow-march-beware-low-flying-sheep/">1881</a></li>
542<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/04/21/rain-in-cumbria/">rain in Cumbria</a> (Ambleside poem)</li>
543<li>rain and storms in <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2026/02/15/rain-and-storms-1852/">1852</a></li>
544</ul>
545<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/01/02/handloom-weavers-starvation-in-carlisle/">Weavers</a> (handloom)</p>
546<p>Wedding <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/07/26/wedding-invitations-with-a-cumbrian-twist/">customs</a> in the 18th-19th centuries</p>
547<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/02/21/window-tax-tax-upon-light-air/">Window tax</a> or duty</p>
548<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/12/22/winter-solstice-fashion-tips-1893/">Winter solstice</a>, 1893</p>
549<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2017/12/14/workhouse-life/">Workhouse</a> life and food supplies</p>
550<p>Wrestling (Cumberland and Westmorland)</p>
551<ul>
552<li>Kitty <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/09/24/christopher-cooper/">Cooper</a></li>
553</ul>
554<h2>Family history tips and advice</h2>
555<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/01/20/mary-pears/">Assumptions</a>, the danger of</p>
556<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/11/04/bankruptcy-family-history/">Bankruptcy</a> and family history resources</p>
557<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/03/14/census-2021-and-those-of-old/">Census</a> returns</p>
558<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/03/22/christian-names-and-family-history/">Christian names</a> and family history</p>
559<p>Cumbrian surnames</p>
560<ul>
561<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/05/25/cumbrian-surnames/">part one</a></li>
562<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/05/31/cumbrian-names-origins/">part two</a></li>
563</ul>
564<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/01/12/births-post-1837-and-constraints-on-marriage/s">Births</a> and other records after 1837</p>
565<p>Brick walls.</p>
566<ul>
567<li>The importance of trying <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/03/13/william-weight-advice-on-variations/">name variations</a></li>
568</ul>
569<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/06/08/death-certificates/">Death certificates</a> and their uses</p>
570<p>Divorce and <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/09/13/restitution-of-conjugal-rights/">separation</a></p>
571<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/06/27/dna-testing-plain-and-simple/">DNA testing</a>, a plain and simple guide</p>
572<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/10/20/dna-tests/">DNA testing</a> – was it worth it?</p>
573<p>DNA results – <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/10/26/ancestrys-regions/">Ancestry&#8217;s regions</a></p>
574<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/09/08/grahams-of-cumberland-dna/">DNA</a> to &#8216;solve&#8217; pre-1700s links</p>
575<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/02/09/most-haunted-fake-ghost/">Fake ghost</a> proves the importance of sound research</p>
576<p>An <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/10/30/help-my-house-is-haunted-ghost/">unlikely ghost</a>, according to research</p>
577<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/11/02/parish-registers/">Parish registers</a></p>
578<p>Perils on online<a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2018/04/12/online-family-trees-pitfalls/"> family trees</a></p>
579<p>Elizabethan <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2024/11/03/elizabethan-handwriting/">handwriting</a></p>
580<p>Inquests</p>
581<ul>
582<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/07/12/deodands-in-case-of-death-forfeit-the-horse/">deodands</a></li>
583</ul>
584<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/08/26/slander-and-witchcraft-in-stuart-england/">Manor courts</a></p>
585<p>Manor <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/10/05/manorial-records-hutton-in-the-forest/">fines</a></p>
586<p>Memorial <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/10/08/st-cuthberts/">inscriptions</a></p>
587<p>Merchant Navy <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/06/13/merchant-navy-apprentices-in-the-1850s/">apprentices</a></p>
588<p>Old occupations</p>
589<ul>
590<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/04/13/old-occupations-the-bellman/">Bellman</a></li>
591<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2019/11/17/bonesetter-a-family-occupation/">Bonesetter</a></li>
592<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/12/12/john-howson-a-penrith-coach-builder/">coach builder</a></li>
593</ul>
594<p>Parish registers</p>
595<ul>
596<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/08/22/kirkoswald-parish-registers/">Kirkoswald</a></li>
597<li><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/02/13/dalston-registers/">Dalston</a></li>
598</ul>
599<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/04/25/patents-and-family-history/">Patents</a></p>
600<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/02/21/wrong-certificate/">Piecing lives together</a> from sources</p>
601<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2020/04/05/poor-relief-with-cumbrian-cases/">Poor Relief </a></p>
602<p>
602Prices: what is £x <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/07/27/worth-today/">worth today</a>?</p>
603<p>Using multiple <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/10/22/using-multiple-family-history-sources/">sources</a> to piece together people&#8217;s stories</p>
604<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/03/19/ancestry-suggested-records/">Suggested records</a> (and their pitfalls)</p>
605<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2021/08/22/kirkoswald-parish-registers/">Tracing fathers</a> of illegitimate children</p>
606<p><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2017/12/10/family-history-wills/">Wills</a> and their uses for family history research</p>
607<ul>
608<li>and <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2023/02/19/john-moore/">again</a></li>
609<li>unusual <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2022/01/30/bequests-that-raise-a-smile/">bequests</a></li>
610<li>more unusual <a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/2025/02/16/wills-extracts/">bequests</a></li>
611</ul>
612<h2>Other topics</h2>
613<p>AI content theft and unreliability</p>
614<p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-196 size-medium" src="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1786-300x177.jpg" alt="Georgian Cumbria, Georgian fashion, topics, Cumbrian Characters," width="300" height="177" srcset="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1786-300x177.jpg 300w, https://crimesofthecenturies.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/1786.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></p>
615
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630	<aside id="media_video-2" class="widget widget_media_video"><h3 class="widget-title title-font">Port Carlisle &#8211; a history built on hope</h3><div style="width:100%;" class="wp-video"><video class="wp-video-shortcode" id="video-51-1" preload="metadata" controls="controls"><source type="video/youtube" src="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f41pHZq1Un8&#038;_=1" /><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f41pHZq1Un8">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f41pHZq1Un8</a></video></div></aside><aside id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/">
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642									</li>
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686</li>
687	<li class="cat-item cat-item-103"><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/category/georgian-life/">Georgian life</a>
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702</li>
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706</li>
707	<li class="cat-item cat-item-216"><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/category/railways/">railways</a>
708</li>
709	<li class="cat-item cat-item-448"><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/category/reivers/">Reivers</a>
710</li>
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714</li>
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716</li>
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722</li>
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724</li>
725	<li class="cat-item cat-item-4"><a href="https://crimesofthecenturies.com/index.php/category/wills/">wills</a>
726</li>
727			</ul>
728
729			</aside><aside id="text-2" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widget-title title-font">Useful links</h3>			<div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0GWX7CHQK">The Border Grahams, on Amazon</a></p>
730<p><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1981029788">Port Carlisle, on Amazon</a></p>
731<p><a href="https://cumbriafhs.com">Cumbria Family History Society</a></p>
732<p><a href="http://www.archiveweb.cumbria.gov.uk/CalmView/default.aspx">Cumbria Archive Service Catalogue</a></p>
733<p><a href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk">National Archives</a></p>
734<p><a href="https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk">British Newspaper Archive</a></p>
735<p><a href="https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/search.pl">Free BMD</a></p>
736<p><a href="https://www.gro.gov.uk/gro/content/certificates/Login.asp">General Register Office</a></p>
737<p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/search-will-probate">Wills and probate search</a></p>
738<p><strong>Looking to visit?</strong></p>
739<p><a href="https://www.visitcumbria.com">Visitcumbria.com</a></p>
740<p><strong>News sites</strong></p>
741<p><a href="http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news">News &amp; Star</a></p>
742<p><a href="http://www.cwherald.com">Cumberland &amp; Westmorland Herald</a></p>
743<p><a href="http://www.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk">Westmorland Gazette</a></p>
744<p><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/england/cumbria">BBC Cumbria</a></p>
745<p><a href="http://www.whitehavennews.co.uk">Whitehaven News</a></p>
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