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43 44<aside class=search-modal id=search> 45<div class=container> 46<section class=search-header> 47<div class="row no-gutters justify-content-between mb-3"> 48<div class=col-6> 49<h1>Search</h1> 50</div> 51<div class="col-6 col-search-close"> 52<a class=js-search href=# aria-label=Close><i class="fas fa-times-circle text-muted" aria-hidden=true></i></a> 53</div> 54</div> 55<div id=search-box> 56<input name=q id=search-query placeholder=Search... autocapitalize=off autocomplete=off autocorrect=off spellcheck=false type=search class=form-control aria-label=Search...> 57</div> 58</section> 59<section class=section-search-results> 60<div id=search-hits> 61</div> 62</section> 63</div> 64</aside> 65<div class=page-header> 66<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light compensate-for-scrollbar" id=navbar-main> 67<div class=container-xl> 68<div class="d-none d-lg-inline-flex"> 69<a class=navbar-brand href=/>Younghun Shim</a> 70</div> 71<button type=button class=navbar-toggler data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbar-content aria-controls=navbar-content aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation"> 72<span><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></span> 73</button> 74<div class="navbar-brand-mobile-wrapper d-inline-flex d-lg-none"> 75<a class=navbar-brand href=/>Younghun Shim</a> 76</div> 77<div class="navbar-collapse main-menu-item collapse justify-content-start" id=navbar-content> 78<ul class="navbar-nav d-md-inline-flex"> 79<li class=nav-item> 80<a class="nav-link active" href=/><span>Home</span></a> 81</li> 82<li class=nav-item> 83<a class=nav-link href=/#publications data-target=#publications><span>Research</span></a> 84</li> 85<li class=nav-item> 86<a class=nav-link href=/uploads/Shim_CV.pdf><span>CV</span></a> 87</li> 88<li class=nav-item> 89<a class=nav-link href=/#teaching data-target=#teaching><span>Teaching</span></a> 90</li> 91</ul> 92</div> 93<ul class="nav-icons navbar-nav flex-row ml-auto d-flex pl-md-2"> 94</ul> 95</div> 96</nav> 97</div> 98<div class=page-body> 99<span class="js-widget-page d-none"></span> 100<section id=about class="home-section wg-about"> 101<div class=home-section-bg> 102</div> 103<div class=container> 104<div class=row> 105<div class="col-12 col-lg-4"> 106<div id=profile> 107<img class="avatar avatar-square" width=270 height=270 src=/authors/admin/avatar_hubac6d08207e31957841ac85e3e4a6c9b_492455_270x270_fill_q100_lanczos_center.jpg alt="Younghun Shim"> 108<div class=portrait-title> 109<h2>Younghun Shim</h2> 110<h3> <style>p{display:block;margin-top:.1em;margin-bottom:.1em;margin-left:0;margin-right:0}</style> <p> </p> <p></p></h3> 111</div> 112<ul class=network-icon aria-hidden=true> 113</ul> 114</div> 115</div> 116<div class="col-12 col-lg-8"> 117<div class=article-style><!doctype html> 118<html lang=en> 119<head> 120<meta charset=utf-8> 121<meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> 122<meta name=theme-color content="#2962ff"> 123<title>Home â Younghun Shim</title> 124<style>/\\* typography (much larger) \\*/ body{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,apple color emoji,segoe ui emoji;color:#111;line-height:1.75;margin:0;padding:4.5rem 2rem 2rem;/\\* extra top space (Option A) \\*/ font-size:22px;/\\* much larger base text \\*/}.lead{font-size:1.25rem;margin:.35rem 0 1.25rem}/\\* \\~27.5px \\*/ .heading{display:block;font-weight:700;font-size:1.35rem;margin:1.1rem 0 .5rem}/\\* \\~29.7px \\*/ <p></style></p> 125</head> 126<body> 127<p class=lead> 128<br> 129Welcome to my website! I am an economist at the International Monetary Fund. I received my PhD in Economics from the University of Chicago 130in June 2023. 131</p> 132<p><span class=heading>Research Interests</span></p> 133<ul> 134<li>Macroeconomics, Economic Growth, International Trade</li> 135<li>Innovation, Development</li> 136</ul> 137<p> 138<strong>Email</strong> : 139<a class=email href=mailto:[email protected]>[email protected]</a> 140</p> 141<p> 142<strong>Curriculum Vitae</strong> : 143<a href=/uploads/Shim_CV.pdf>CV</a> 144</p> 145</body> 146</html> 147</div> 148<div class=row> 149</div> 150</div> 151</div> 152</div> 153</section> 154<section id=publications class="home-section wg-pages"> 155<div class=home-section-bg> 156</div> 157<div class=container> 158<div class=row> 159<div class="section-heading col-12 col-lg-4 mb-3 mb-lg-0 d-flex flex-column align-items-center align-items-lg-start"> 160<h1 class=mb-0>Working Papers</h1> 161</div> 162<div class="col-12 col-lg-8"><!doctype html> 163<html lang=en> 164<head> 165<meta charset=utf-8> 166<meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> 167<meta name=theme-color content="#2962ff"> 168<title>Papers</title> 169<style>:root{--ink:#111;--muted:#5f6b7a;--accent:#2962ff;--space:1.25rem}body{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,apple color emoji,segoe ui emoji;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.55;margin:0;padding:1rem}.papers{max-width:860px;margin:0 auto}.paper{margin:calc(var(--space) * 1.2)0;padding:0}.paper h2{font-size:1.05rem;margin:0 0 .25rem;line-height:1.3}.authors,.status,.links,.note{margin:.25rem 0;font-size:.95rem;color:var(--ink)}.status{color:var(--muted)}.links a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.links a:hover,.links a:focus{text-decoration:underline}.dot{color:#c7cdd6;margin:0 .35rem}<p></style></p> 170</head> 171<body> 172<main class=papers> 173<section class=paper> 174<h2>Commodity Booms, Productivity, and Misallocation: 175Evidence from Chile's Administrative Data</h2> 176<p class=authors> 177with 178Pablo Filippi, 179<a href=https://sites.google.com/view/ryansungryongkim/ target=_blank rel=noopener>Ryan Kim</a>, 180<a href=https://sites.google.com/view/nanliweb/home target=_blank rel=noopener>Nan Li</a>, Maria Jesus Perez 181</p> 182<p class=status>Revise and Resubmit, <em><b>Journal of International Economics</b></em></p> 183<p class=links> 184<a href=https://younghunshim.com/uploads/Commodity_FKLPS.pdf target=_blank rel=noopener>
184Latest draft</a> (June 2026) 185</p> 186<details class=abs-details> 187<summary>Abstract</summary> 188<div class=abs-abstract> 189We study how commodity booms affect productivity using administrative microdata from Chile that combine firm exports by products and destinations, employer-employee records, and firm-to-firm production networks. Exploiting differential Chinese demand for Chilean commodities, we construct firm-specific commodity price shocks. We find three micro-level mechanisms. First, more exposed firms experience larger revenue increases but no differential productivity gains, channeling revenues into wages and materials. Second, among exposed firms, low-productivity firms expand employment while high-productivity firms do not, hiring workers from more productive employers. Third, domestic suppliers with greater indirect exposure show larger increases in sales and productivity. We develop a model with heterogeneous export wedges and labor market frictions where commodity booms can reduce sectoral aggregate productivity by exacerbating input misallocationâconsistent with both the firm-level and aggregate evidence. Calibrated to Chile, this mechanism explains half of the mining TFP decline from 2005 to 2013. 190</div> 191</details> 192</section> 193<section class=paper> 194<h2>The Dynamics of Technology Transfer: Multinational Investment in China and Rising Global Competition</h2> 195<p class=authors> 196with 197<a href=http://www.jaedochoi.com target=_blank rel=noopener>Jaedo Choi</a>, 198<a href=https://sites.google.com/umich.edu/georgecui/home target=_blank rel=noopener>George Cui</a>, 199<a href=https://sites.wustl.edu/yshin/ target=_blank rel=noopener>Yongseok Shin</a> 200</p> 201<p class=links> 202<a href=https://younghunshim.com/uploads/CCSS_JV.pdf target=_blank rel=noopener>Latest draft</a> (July 2026)<span class=dot>·</span> 203<a href=https://www.nber.org/papers/w34284 target=_blank rel=noopener>NBER Working Paper 34284</a> 204</p> 205<details class=abs-details> 206<summary>Abstract</summary> 207<div class=abs-abstract> 208US multinationals formed joint ventures in China for market access and lower labor costs. However, these ventures transfer technology to Chinese partners, fueling future competition. While individual multinationals weigh the risks to their own profits, they disregard the negative impact on other US firms and the broader economy, resulting in an over-investment that may reduce US welfare. In our empirical analysis, across industries, US firms in those with more joint ventures in China experienced worse outcomes, and within industries, firms with greater product overlap with the participating multinationals declined more. We develop a two-country model with oligopolistic competition, innovation, and joint ventures. For the US, the short-run gains from joint ventures are outweighed by long-run losses due to rising Chinese competition. Joint ventures benefit participating US firms at the expense of non-participants and the real wages of workers. A ban on joint ventures since 1999 would have boosted US welfare by 1.1 percent. 209</div> 210</details> 211</section> 212<section class=paper> 213<h2>From Adoption to Innovation: State-Dependent Technology Policy in Developing Countries (JMP)</h2> 214<p class=authors> 215with 216<a href=http://www.jaedochoi.com/ target=_blank rel=noopener>Jaedo Choi</a> 217</p> 218<p class=status>Reject and Resubmit, <em><b>American Economic Review</b></em></p> 219<p class=links> 220<a href=https://younghunshim.com/uploads/CS_from_adoption_to_innovation.pdf target=_blank rel=noopener>Latest draft</a> (May 2026) 221<span class=dot>·</span> 222<a href=https://steg.cepr.org/publications/adoption-innovation-state-dependent-technology-policy-developing-countries target=_blank rel=noopener>STEG Working Paper 091</a> 223<span class=dot>·</span> 224<a href=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2024/07/18/From-Adoption-to-Innovation-State-Dependent-Technology-Policy-in-Developing-Countries-552105 target=_blank rel=noopener>IMF Working Paper 2024/154</a> 225</p> 226<details class=abs-details> 227<summary>Abstract</summary> 228<div class=abs-abstract> 229When should policymakers transition from adoption-led to innovation-led growth? Using South Korea's historical technology-transfer data, we document three facts on adoption: the advantage of backwardness, strategic pricing, and knowledge diffusion. We build a two-country growth model consistent with these facts. As the gap narrows, productivity gains from adoption diminish and adoption fees rise, eroding the effectiveness of adoption subsidies. Adoption's contribution to Korea's TFP growth falls from 31% to 5%, while innovation's rises from 2% to 24% (1973--2023). Korea's state-dependent shift from adoption to innovation subsidies improved welfare by 6.2%. Initially higher tariffs further raise welfare by lowering fees. 230</div> 231</details> 232</section> 233<section class=paper> 234<h2>Heterogeneous Effects of Capital-Embodied Innovation on Labor Market</h2> 235<p class=authors> 236with 237<a href=http://www.hyejinpark.net/ target=_blank rel=noopener>Hyejin Park</a> 238</p> 239<p class=links> 240<a href=https://younghunshim.com/uploads/PS_CEI.pdf target=_blank rel=noopener>
240Latest draft</a> (June 2026) 241</p> 242<details class=abs-details> 243<summary>Abstract</summary> 244<div class=abs-abstract> 245This paper develops an occupation-level measure of Capital-Embodied Innovation (CEI) by matching patents with capital goods based on their text similarity. The impact of CEI on labor demand is heterogeneous, depending on the similarity between capital and occupational tasks. Specifically, CEI associated with task-similar capital reduces the relative labor demand, whereas CEI related to task-dissimilar capital raises it. Between 1980 and 2015, abstract and non-routine occupations experienced more innovations in task-dissimilar capital and fewer in task-similar capital. CEI can explain a significant fraction of the task-biased labor market changes and the decline in labor share. 246</div> 247</details> 248</section> 249</main> 250</body> 251</html> 252</div> 253</div> 254</div> 255</section> 256<section id=publication class="home-section wg-pages light"> 257<div class=home-section-bg> 258</div> 259<div class=container> 260<div class=row> 261<div class="section-heading col-12 col-lg-4 mb-3 mb-lg-0 d-flex flex-column align-items-center align-items-lg-start"> 262<h1 class=mb-0>Publication</h1> 263</div> 264<div class="col-12 col-lg-8"><!doctype html> 265<html lang=en> 266<head> 267<meta charset=utf-8> 268<meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> 269<meta name=theme-color content="#2962ff"> 270<title>Papers</title> 271<style>:root{--ink:#111;--muted:#5f6b7a;--accent:#2962ff;--space:1.25rem}body{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,apple color emoji,segoe ui emoji;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.55;margin:0;padding:1rem}.papers{max-width:860px;margin:0 auto}.paper{margin:calc(var(--space) * 1.2)0;padding:0}.paper h2{font-size:1.05rem;margin:0 0 .25rem;line-height:1.3}.authors,.status,.links,.note{margin:.25rem 0;font-size:.95rem;color:var(--ink)}.status{color:var(--muted)}.links a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.links a:hover,.links a:focus{text-decoration:underline}.dot{color:#c7cdd6;margin:0 .35rem}<p></style></p> 272</head> 273<body> 274<main class=papers> 275<section class=paper> 276<section class=paper> 277<h2>Superstars or Supervillains? Large Firms in the South Korean Growth Miracle</h2> 278<p class=authors> 279with 280<a href=http://www.jaedochoi.com target=_blank rel=noopener>Jaedo Choi</a>, 281<a href=https://alevchenko.com target=_blank rel=noopener>Andrei A. Levchenko</a>, 282<a href=https://www.druzic.com target=_blank rel=noopener>Dimitrije Ruzic</a> 283</p> 284<p class=status>Accepted, <em><b>Journal of Political Economy</b></em></p> 285<p class=links> 286<a href=https://younghunshim.com/uploads/CLRS.pdf target=_blank rel=noopener>Latest draft</a> (August 2026) 287<span class=dot>·</span> 288<a href=https://www.nber.org/papers/w32648 target=_blank rel=noopener>NBER Working Paper 32648</a> 289<span class=dot>·</span> 290<a href=https://cepr.org/publications/dp19207 target=_blank rel=noopener>CEPR Discussion Paper 19207</a> 291<span class=dot>·</span> 292Press: 293<a href=https://www.mk.co.kr/en/economy/11074598 target=_blank rel=noopener>Maeil Business Newspaper</a> 294<span class=dot>·</span> 295Coverage: 296<a href=https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2024/07/large-firms-in-the-south-korean-growth-miracle.html target=_blank rel=noopener>Marginal Revolution</a> 297</p> 298<details class=abs-details> 299<summary>Abstract</summary> 300<div class=abs-abstract> 301We quantify the contribution of the largest firms to South Korea's economic performance over the period 1972-2011. Using firm-level historical data, we document a novel fact: firm concentration rose substantially during the growth miracle period. To understand whether rising concentration contributed positively or negatively to South Korean real income, we build a quantitative dynamic heterogeneous firm small open economy model. Our framework accommodates a variety of potential causes and consequences of changing firm concentration: productivity, distortions, selection into exporting, scale economies, and oligopolistic and oligopsonistic market power in domestic goods and labor markets. The model is implemented directly on the firm-level data and inverted to recover the drivers of concentration. We find that most of the differential performance of the top firms is attributable to higher productivity growth rather than
301increasingly favorable distortions. Exceptional performance of the top 3 firms within each sector relative to the average firms contributed 21.8% to the 2011 real GDP and 6.9% to the net present value of welfare over the period 1972-2011. Thus, the largest Korean firms were superstars rather than supervillains. 302</div> 303</details> 304</section> <h2>Industrialization and the Big Push: Theory and Evidence from South Korea</h2> 305<p class=authors> 306with 307<a href=http://www.jaedochoi.com/ target=_blank rel=noopener>Jaedo Choi</a> 308</p> 309<p class=status>Accepted, <em><b>Review of Economics and Statistics</b></em></p> 310<p class=note>(Previously circulated as âTechnology Adoption and Late Industrializationâ) 311</p> 312<p class=links> 313<a href=https://younghunshim.com/uploads/Choi_Shim_Ind.pdf target=_blank rel=noopener>Latest draft</a> (January 2026) 314<span class=dot>·</span> 315<a href=https://younghunshim.com/uploads/Choi_Shim_Ind_appendix.pdf target=_blank rel=noopener>Online Appendix</a> 316<span class=dot>·</span> 317<a href=https://steg.cepr.org/publications/technology-adoption-and-late-industrialization target=_blank rel=noopener>STEG Working Paper 033</a> 318<span class=dot>·</span> 319<a href=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2024/12/19/Industrialization-and-the-Big-Push-Theory-and-Evidence-from-South-Korea-559545 target=_blank rel=noopener>IMF Working Paper 2024/259</a> 320</p> 321<details class=abs-details> 322<summary>Abstract</summary> 323<div class=abs-abstract> 324We study how temporary subsidies for adoption of modern foreign technology 325drove South Koreaâs industrialization in the 1970s. Leveraging unique historical data, 326we provide causal evidence consistent with coordination failures: adoption improved 327adoptersâ performance and generated local spillovers, with firms more likely to adopt 328when other local firms had already adopted. We incorporate these findings into a quantitative model, where the potential for multiple steady states depends on parameters 329mapped to the causal estimates. In our calibrated model, South Koreaâs temporary 330subsidies shifted its economy to a more industrialized steady state, increasing heavy 331manufacturingâs GDP share by 27% and export intensity by 39%. Larger market access 332and lower idiosyncratic distortions amplified the effects of these subsidies, as the gains 333from adoption increase with firm scale. 334</div> 335</details> 336</section> 337</main> 338</body> 339</html> 340</div> 341</div> 342</div> 343</section> 344<section id=teaching class="home-section wg-pages light"> 345<div class=home-section-bg> 346</div> 347<div class=container> 348<div class=row> 349<div class="section-heading col-12 col-lg-4 mb-3 mb-lg-0 d-flex flex-column align-items-center align-items-lg-start"> 350<h1 class=mb-0>Teaching</h1> 351</div> 352<div class="col-12 col-lg-8"> 353<p><strong>University of Chicago (as a Teaching Assistant)</strong></p> 354<ul> 355<li>Economic Growth (Winter 2022)</li> 356<li>The Elements of Economic Analysis III (Macroeconomics) (Spring 2020)</li> 357<li>International Economics (Winter 2020)</li> 358<li>Economic Policy Analysis (Advanced Macroeconomics): (Fall 2019, 2020)</li> 359<li>Econometrics (Fall 2018)</li> 360</ul> 361</div> 362</div> 363</div> 364</section> 365</div> 366<div class=page-footer> 367<div class=container> 368<footer class=site-footer> 369<p class=powered-by> 370Published with <a href="https://wowchemy.com/?utm_campaign=poweredby" target=_blank rel=noopener>Wowchemy</a> â the free, <a href=https://github.com/wowchemy/wowchemy-hugo-themes target=_blank rel=noopener>open source</a> website builder that empowers creators. 371</p> 372</footer> 373</div> 374</div> 375<div id=modal class="modal fade" role=dialog> 376<div class=modal-dialog> 377<div class=modal-content> 378<div class=modal-header> 379<h5 class=modal-title>Cite</h5> 380<button type=button class=close data-dismiss=modal aria-label=Close> 381<span aria-hidden=true>×</span> 382</button> 383</div> 384<div class=modal-body> 385<pre><code class="tex hljs"></code></pre> 386</div> 387<div class=modal-footer> 388<a class="btn btn-outline-primary my-1 js-copy-cite" href=# target=_blank> 389<i class="fas fa-copy"></i> Copy 390</a> 391<a class="btn btn-outline-primary my-1 js-download-cite" href=# target=_blank> 392<i class="fas fa-download"></i> Download 393</a> 394<div id=modal-error></div> 395</div> 396</div> 397</div> 398</div>
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403<script src=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/highlightjs/[email protected]/build/languages/r.min.js crossorigin=anonymous></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 403
403
404<script id=search-hit-fuse-template type=text/x-template> 405 <div class="search-hit" id="summary-{{key}}"> 406 <div class="search-hit-content"> 407 <div class="search-hit-name"> 408 <a href="{{relpermalink}}">{{title}}</a> 409 <div class="article-metadata search-hit-type">{{type}}</div> 410 <p class="search-hit-description">{{snippet}}</p> 411 </div> 412 </div> 413 </div> 414 </script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 414
414
415<script src=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/krisk/[email protected]/dist/fuse.min.js integrity="sha512-o38bmzBGX+hD3JHWUFCDA09btWaqrNmoJ3RXLlrysA7PP01Kgs4UlE4MhelE1v5dJR3+cxlR4qQlotsW7jKsnw==" crossorigin=anonymous></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 415
415
416<script src=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/julmot/[email protected]/dist/jquery.mark.min.js integrity="sha512-mhbv5DqBMgrWL+32MmsDOt/OAvqr/cHimk6B8y/bx/xS88MVkYGPiVv2ixKVrkywF2qHplNRUvFsAHUdxZ3Krg==" crossorigin=anonymous></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 416
416
417<script src=/en/js/wowchemy.min.7cd6ec29d281a73c92a2958a1584aadc.js></script>
417 418</body> 419</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.