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νÏηÏήÏÎ¹Î¼Î·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ εÏεκÏάÏÎ¹Î¼Î·Ï Sass."><meta name="keywords" content="CSS, Sass, SCSS, styleguide, guidelines"><meta name="author" content="Kitty Giraudel, Kostantinos Margaritis, Adonis K., Mod Kaffes, Sébastien Nikolaou"><link rel="author" href="/humans.txt"><link rel="canonical" href="https://sass-guidelin.es/el/"><style> html{font-family:sans-serif}body{margin:0}aside,header,main,nav,section{display:block}a{background-color:transparent}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}img{border:0}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}select{color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0}select{text-transform:none}input{line-height:normal}input[type=radio]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em 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γγÏαÏή ιÏοÏÏοÏημÎνηÏ, ÏÏ
νÏηÏήÏÎ¹Î¼Î·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ εÏεκÏάÏÎ¹Î¼Î·Ï Sass.</p></header><div class="translation-warning "><div class="translation-warning__inner"><p>ÎλÎÏεÏε Ïην ελληνική μεÏάÏÏαÏη ÏÏν <a href="https://github.com/modkaffes">ÎÏδεÏÏο ÎαÏÏÎ</a>, <a href="https://github.com/sebdesign">ΣεμÏαÏÏιÎν ÎικολάοÏ
</a>, <a href="https://github.com/varemenos">ÎδÏνη ÎακοÏ
λίδη</a> και <a href="https://github.com/margaritis">ÎÏνÏÏανÏίνοÏ
ÎαÏγαÏίÏη</a> για ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÎµÏ <a href="/">ÎÎ´Î·Î³Î¯ÎµÏ Î³Î¹Î± Sass</a> ÏÏν <a href="https://kittygiraudel.com">Kitty Giraudel</a>.</p><p>ÎÏ
Ïή η ÎκδοÏη ÏÏ
νÏηÏείÏαι αÏοκλειÏÏικά αÏÏ ÏÏ
νειÏÏÎÏονÏÎµÏ ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Ïον ÎλεγÏο ÏοÏ
κÏÏιοÏ
ÏÏ
νÏάκÏη, εÏομÎνÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να μην είναι ενÏελÏÏ Î±Ï
θενÏική.</p></div></div><div class="Ad">
1<script async type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CESD627U&placement=sass-guidelines" id="_carbonads_js"></script>
1</div><a href="#options-panel" class="button-ui button-ui--toggle "> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-settings"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">ÎνοίξÏε Ïον Ïίνακα εÏιλογÏν</span> </a><main class="main" id="main"><div class="container"><section id="chapter-author" class="chapter chapter--author"><h2 id="section">ΣÏεÏικά με Ïον ÏÏ
γγÏαÏÎα</h2><p>Îνομάζομαι <a href="https://kittygiraudel.com">Kitty Giraudel</a>, είμαι ÎÎ½Î±Ï front-end developer με ÎδÏα Ïο ÎεÏολίνο (ÎεÏμανία) αÏο Ïο 2015, αÏ
Ïή Ïη ÏÏιμγή εÏγάζομαι για Ïην <a href="https://www.cofenster.com">Cofenster</a>.</p><p>ÎÏάÏÏ Sass αÏκεÏά ÏÏÏνια και ÎÏÏ Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï
ÏγήÏει Ïολλά projects ÏÏεÏικά με Ïην Sass ÏÏÏÏ Ïο <a href="http://sassdoc.com">SassDoc</a>, SitePoint Sass Reference και Ïο <a href="https://kittygiraudel.github.io/sass-compatibility/">Sass-Compatibility</a>. Îν Ïâ ενδιαÏÎÏει να Î´ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα για Ïη ÏÏ
νειÏÏοÏά μοÏ
ÏÏην κοινÏÏηÏα ÏÎ·Ï Sass, Ïίξε μια μαÏιά <a href="https://github.com/KittyGiraudel/awesome-sass">Ïâ αÏ
Ïήν Ïη λίÏÏα</a>.</p><p>ÎÏίÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ¯Î¼Î±Î¹ ο ÏÏ
γγÏαÏÎÎ±Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¯Î¿Ï
για CSS (ÏÏα γαλλικά) ÏοÏ
ονομάζεÏαι <a href="https://www.eyrolles.com/Informatique/Livre/css3-9782212678963/">CSS3 Pratique du Design Web</a> (ÎκδÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï <em>Eyrolles</em>), ÏÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ενÏÏ Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¯Î¿Ï
για Sass (ÏÏα αγγλικά) ÏοÏ
ονομάζεÏαι <a href="https://learnable.com/books/jump-start-sass">Jump Start Sass</a> (ÎκδÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï <em>Learnable</em>).</p><div class="button-wrapper "> <a href="https://twitter.com/KittyGiraudel" class="button " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-twitter"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only"></span> ÎÏιÏκεÏθείÏε με ÏÏο Twitter </a></div></section><section id="chapter-contributing" class="chapter chapter--contributing"><h2 id="section-1">Î ÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏείÏε να ÏÏ
νειÏÏÎÏεÏε</h2><p>
1Το Sass Guidelines είναι Îνα ελεÏθεÏο project ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
νÏηÏÏ ÏÏον ελεÏθεÏÏ Î¼Î¿Ï
ÏÏÏνο. ΠεÏιÏÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÏ ÏÏι αÏαιÏείÏαι ÏάÏα Ïολλή δοÏ
λειά για να διαÏηÏηθεί Ïο project ενημεÏÏμÎνο, ÏεκμηÏιÏμÎνο και ÏÏ
ναÏÎÏ. ÎÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏÏ, ÎÏÏ Ïη βοήθεια ÏολλÏν ÏÏοÏ
δαίÏν ανθÏÏÏÏν ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
νειÏÏÎÏοÏ
ν, ειδικά ÏÏον αÏοÏά Ïη ÏÏ
νÏήÏηÏη δεκάδÏν <a href="#options-panel" class="link-like">διαÏοÏεÏικÏν μεÏαÏÏάÏεÏν</a>. Be sure to thank them!</p><p>ΤÏÏα αν ενδιαÏÎÏεÏÏε να ÏÏ
νειÏÏÎÏεÏε, ÏαÏÎ±ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î³Î½ÏÏίζεÏε ÏÏÏ Îνα tweet ÏοÏ
αναÏÎÏει Ïο project, ή Ïην διάδοÏή ÏοÏ
, ακÏμα και η διÏÏθÏÏη ενÏÏ Î¿ÏθογÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î»Î¬Î¸Î¿Ï
Ï Î±Î½Î¿Î¯Î³Î¿Î½ÏÎ±Ï Îνα issue ή pull-request ÏÏο <a href="https://github.com/KittyGiraudel/sass-guidelines">GitHub repository</a> θα ήÏαν Ï
ÏÎÏοÏο!</p><p>ΤÎÎ»Î¿Ï Î±Î½ αÏολαÏÏαÏε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο ÎγγÏαÏο ή αν ήÏαν ÏÏήÏιμο Ïε εÏÎ¬Ï Î® Ïην ομάδα ÏαÏ, ÏαÏÎ±ÎºÎ±Î»Ï ÏκεÏÏείÏε Ïο ενδεÏÏμενο να Ïο Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏίξεÏε για να ÏÏ
νεÏίÏÏ Î±Ï
Ïή Ïην ÏÏοÏÏάθεια!</p><div class="button-wrapper "> <a href="https://gum.co/sass-guidelines" class="button " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-euro"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only"></span> Î¥ÏοÏÏηÏίξÏε Ïο Sass Guidelines </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/share?text=Sass+Guidelines%2C+An+opinionated+styleguide+for+writing+sane%2C+maintainable+and+scalable+Sass+by+%40KittyGiraudel+%E2%80%93&url=https://sass-guidelin.es" class="button " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-twitter"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only"></span> ÎιαδÏÏÏε Ïο </a></div></section><nav id="chapter-toc" role="navigation" class="chapter chapter--toc toc"><h2 id="section-2">Πίνακα ΠεÏιεÏομÎνÏν</h2><ul id="markdown-toc"><li><a href="#section" id="markdown-toc-section">ΣÏεÏικά με Ïον ÏÏ
γγÏαÏÎα</a></li><li><a href="#section-1" id="markdown-toc-section-1">Î ÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏείÏε να ÏÏ
νειÏÏÎÏεÏε</a></li><li><a href="#section-2" id="markdown-toc-section-2">Πίνακα ΠεÏιεÏομÎνÏν</a></li><li><a href="#sass" id="markdown-toc-sass">ΣÏεÏικά με Ïη Sass</a></li><li><a href="#section-3" id="markdown-toc-section-3">ÎιÏαγÏγή</a></li><li><a href="#section-5" id="markdown-toc-section-5">ΣÏνÏαξη & μοÏÏοÏοίηÏη</a></li><li><a href="#section-21" id="markdown-toc-section-21">ΣÏ
μβάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î±ÏίαÏ</a></li><li><a href="#section-23" id="markdown-toc-section-23">ΣÏÏλια</a></li><li><a href="#section-25" id="markdown-toc-section-25">ÎÏÏιÏεκÏονική</a></li><li><a href="#responsive-web-design--breakpoints" id="markdown-toc-responsive-web-design--breakpoints">Responsive Web Design και breakpoints</a></li><li><a href="#section-26" id="markdown-toc-section-26">ÎεÏαβληÏÎÏ</a></li><li><a href="#extend" id="markdown-toc-extend">Extend</a></li><li><a href="#mixins" id="markdown-toc-mixins">Mixins</a></li><li><a href="#conditional-statements" id="markdown-toc-conditional-statements">Conditional statements</a></li><li><a href="#loops" id="markdown-toc-loops">Loops</a></li><li><a href="#section-28" id="markdown-toc-section-28">Î ÏοειδοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏάλμαÏα</a></li><li><a href="#section-31" id="markdown-toc-section-31">ÎÏγαλεία</a></li><li><a href="#section-32" id="markdown-toc-section-32">ÎνακεÏαλαίÏÏη</a></li></ul></nav><section id="chapter-sass" class="chapter chapter--sass"><h2 id="sass">ΣÏεÏικά με Ïη Sass</h2><p>Î <a href="https://sass-lang.com">Sass</a> αÏ
ÏοÏÏοÏδιοÏίζεÏαι ÏÏο <a href="https://sass-lang.com/documentation/file.SASS_REFERENCE.html">documentation</a> ÏÏ ÎµÎ¾Î®Ï:</p><blockquote><p>Î Sass είναι μία εÏÎκÏαÏη ÏÎ·Ï CSS η οÏοία ÏÏοÏθÎÏει ιÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ κομÏÏÏηÏα ÏÏη βαÏική γλÏÏÏα.</p></blockquote><p>ΠαÏÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ να διοÏθÏÏει Ïα ελλαÏÏμαÏα ÏÎ·Ï CSS. ÎÏÏÏ Ïλοι γνÏÏίζοÏ
με, Î CSS δεν είναι και η καλÏÏεÏη γλÏÏÏα ÏÏον κÏÏμο <sup>[εκκÏεμεί ÏαÏαÏομÏή]</sup>
1. Îν και είναι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î±Ïλή ÏÏην εκμάθηÏη, μÏοÏεί να γίνει ακαÏάÏÏαÏη ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î³ÏήγοÏα, ειδικά Ïε μεγάλα projects.</p><p>ΣâαÏ
ÏÏ Ïο Ïημείο ÎÏÏεÏαι η Sass, ÏÏ Î¼Î¯Î± μεÏα-γλÏÏÏα, για να βελÏιÏÏει Ïη ÏÏνÏαξη ÏÎ·Ï CSS ÏÏÏε να ÏÎ·Ï ÏαÏÎÏει εÏιÏλÎον δÏ
ναÏÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ βολικά εÏγαλεία. ΠαÏάλληλα, η Sass εÏιδιÏκει να ÏαÏαμείνει ÏÏ
νÏηÏηÏική Ïε ÏÏÎÏη με Ïη γλÏÏÏα CSS.</p><p>Το ζηÏοÏμενο δεν είναι να μεÏαÏÏÎÏει Ïη CSS Ïε μία γλÏÏÏα ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏλήÏη δÏ
ναÏοÏήÏÏν· η Sass εÏιδιÏκει να βοηθήÏει μÏνο εκεί ÏοÏ
η CSS αÏοÏÏ
γÏάνει. ÎξαιÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î±Ï
ÏοÏ, Ïο να ξεκινήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± Î¼Î±Î¸Î±Î¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Sass δεν είναι Ïιο δÏÏκολο αÏÏ Ïο να Î¼Î±Î¸Î±Î¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï CSS: αÏλά ÏÏοÏθÎÏει μεÏικÎÏ ÎµÏιÏλÎον δÏ
ναÏÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î®Î´Î· Ï
ÏάÏÏοÏ
ÏεÏ.</p><p>ÎνÏοÏÏοιÏ, Ï
ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν Ïολλοί ÏÏÏÏοι να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏοÏ
με αÏ
ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Ï
ναÏÏÏηÏεÏ. ÎάÏοιοι καλοί, κάÏοιοι κακοί και κάÏοιοι αÏÏ
νήθιÏÏοι. ÎÏ
Ïά Ïα guidelines ÎÏοÏ
ν ÏκοÏÏ Î½Î± ÏοÏ
δÏÏοÏ
ν μία ÏÏ
νεκÏική και ÏεκμηÏιÏμÎνη ÏÏοÏÎγγιÏη για Ïη ÏÏ
γγÏαÏή κÏδικα Ïε Sass.</p><h3 id="ruby-sass--libsass">Ruby Sass ή LibSass</h3><p><a href="https://github.com/hcatlin/sass/commit/fa5048ba405619273e474a50400c7243fbff54fe">Το ÏÏÏÏο commit ÏÎ·Ï Sass</a> ανάγεÏαι ÏÏα ÏÎλη ÏοÏ
2006, ÏÎ¬Î½Ï Î±ÏÏ 10 ÏÏÏνια ÏÏιν. ΠεÏιÏÏÏ Î½Î± ÏοÏμε ÏÏι ÎÏει διανÏÏει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î´ÏÏμο αÏÏ ÏÏÏε. ÎÏÏικά αναÏÏÏÏθηκε Ïε Ruby, και διάÏοÏα ports ξεÏÏÏÏÏÏαν αÏÏ Î´Ï ÎºÎ¹ αÏÏ ÎºÎµÎ¹. Το Ïιο δημοÏιλÎÏ, Ïο <a href="https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/articles/getting-to-know-libsass--cms-23114">LibSass</a> (γÏαμμÎνο Ïε C/C++), είναι ÏλÎον κονÏά ÏÏο να είναι ÏλήÏÏÏ ÏÏ
μβαÏÏ Î¼Îµ Ïην ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Ïη ÎκδοÏη Ïε Ruby.</p><p>Το 2014, <a href="https://github.com/sass/libsass/wiki/The-LibSass-Compatibility-Plan">οι Î¿Î¼Î¬Î´ÎµÏ ÏοÏ
Ruby Sass και ÏοÏ
LibSass αÏοÏάÏιÏαν να ÏεÏιμÎνοÏ
ν και ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Ïο εκδÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± ÏÏ
γÏÏονιÏÏοÏν ÏÏιν ÏÏοÏÏÏήÏοÏ
ν ÏαÏαÏÎÏα</a>. ÎÏÏ ÏÏÏε, Ïο LibSass δημοÏιεÏει ÏακÏικά νÎÎµÏ ÎµÎºÎ´ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎÏÏι να ÏÏάÏει Ïον μεγαλÏÏεÏο αδεÏÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ïε δÏ
ναÏÏÏηÏεÏ. Îι ÏελεÏ
ÏÎ±Î¯ÎµÏ Î±ÏÏ
νÎÏÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ ÏοÏ
ÎÏοÏ
ν αÏομείÎ
1½ÎµÎ¹ ÎÏοÏ
ν ÏÏ
γκενÏÏÏθεί και ÏÎ¹Ï ÏαÏαθÎÏÏ ÏÏο <a href="https://kittygiraudel.github.io/sass-compatibility/">Sass-Compatibility</a> project. Îν ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ï
ÏÏÏη ÏοÏ
κάÏοια αÏÏ
νÎÏεια μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏÏν δÏο εκδÏÏεÏν ÏοÏ
δεν αναÏÎÏεÏαι, μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± Î±Î½Î¿Î¯Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα issue αν ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïην καλοÏÏνη.</p><p>ÎÏιÏÏÏÎÏοÏ
με ÏÏην εÏιλογή ÏοÏ
compiler. ÎαÏικά εξαÏÏάÏαι αÏÏ Ïο project ÏοÏ
. Îν είναι Îνα project Ïε Ruby on Rails, καλÏÏεÏα να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïο Ruby Sass, ÏοÏ
ÏαιÏιάζει αÏÏλÏ
Ïα ÏÏην ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη. ÎÏίÏηÏ, να ξÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏι Ïο Ruby Sass θα είναι ÏάνÏα Ïο Ïημείο αναÏοÏÎ¬Ï ÏÏον αÏοÏά Ïην Ï
λοÏοίηÏη ÏÎ·Ï Sass και ÏάνÏα θα ÏÏοηγείÏαι ÏοÏ
LibSass Ïε δÏ
ναÏÏÏηÏεÏ. Îν θÎλεÏε να μεÏαβείÏε αÏο Ruby Sass Ïε LibSass, <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/switching-ruby-sass-libsass/">αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο άÏθÏο</a> είναι για ÏαÏ.</p><p>ÎÏαν θÎÎ»ÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± ενÏÎ¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïη Sass ÏÏη Ïοή εÏγαÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏοÏ
Ïε κάÏοιο project ÏοÏ
δεν είναι Ïε Ruby, Ïο LibSass είναι ÏιθανÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î»ÏÏεÏη ιδÎα εÏειδή είναι εξειδικεÏ
μÎνο γιâ αÏ
Ïή Ïην ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη. ÎÏÏÏε αν Î¸ÎµÏ Î½Î± ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î±Ï ÏοÏμε NodeJS, Ïο <a href="https://github.com/sass/node-sass">node-sass</a> είναι Ïο Ïιο εÏιθÏ
μηÏÏ.</p><h3 id="sass--scss">Sass ή SCSS</h3><p>ÎÏικÏαÏεί μεγάλη ÏÏγÏÏ
Ïη ÏÏεÏικά με Ïη Ïημειολογία ÏÎ·Ï Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î±ÏÎ¯Î±Ï <em>Sass</em>, για Îναν ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î»Ïγο: ÏÏ Sass εννοοÏμε και Ïον preprocessor και Ïη ÏÏνÏαξη ÏÎ·Ï Î³Î»ÏÏÏαÏ. Îίγο άβολο, ÎÏÏι δεν είναι;</p><p>ÎλÎÏειÏ, η Sass αÏÏικά ÏεÏιÎγÏαÏε μία ÏÏνÏαξη ÏÏην οÏοία Ïο βαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î®Ïαν η εÏ
αιÏθηÏία ÏÏο indentation. ΣÏνÏομα οι ÏÏ
νÏηÏηÏÎÏ ÏÎ·Ï Sass αÏοÏάÏιÏαν να γεÏÏ
ÏÏÏοÏ
ν Ïο ÏάÏμα μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï Sass και CSS ÏαÏÎÏονÏÎ±Ï Î¼Î¹Î± ÏÏνÏαξη Ïιλική ÏÏ ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïη CSS με Ïο Ïνομα <em>SCSS</em>, ÏοÏ
Ïημαίνει <em>Sassy CSS</em> (ζÏηÏή CSS). Το ÏÏνθημα είναι Ïο εξήÏ: αν είναι ÎγκÏ
Ïη CSS, ÏÏÏε είναι ÎγκÏ
Ïη SCSS.</p><p>ÎÏÏ ÏÏÏε, η Sass (ο preprocessor) ÏαÏÎÏει <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/whats-difference-sass-scss/">δÏο διαÏοÏεÏικÎÏ ÏÏ
νÏάξειÏ</a>: Ïη Sass (ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï ÎºÎµÏαλαία <a href="http://sassnotsass.com">ÏαÏακαλÏ</a>), εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î³Î½ÏÏÏή ÏÏ <em>Ïην indented ÏÏνÏαξη</em>, και Ïην SCSS. Το Ïοιά ÏÏνÏαξη θα ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏο ÏÎÏι ÏοÏ
Î¼Î¹Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ οι δÏο ÎÏοÏ
ν ακÏιβÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î¯Î´Î¹ÎµÏ Î´Ï
ναÏÏÏηÏεÏ. Σâ αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο Ïημείο είναι θÎμα ÏÏοÏίμηÏηÏ.</p><p>Î whitespace-sensitive ÏÏνÏαξη ÏÎ·Ï Sass βαÏίζεÏαι ÏÏο indentation για να αÏαλλαγεί αÏÏ Ïα άγκιÏÏÏα (braces), Ïα εÏÏÏημαÏικά (semi-colons) και άλλα Ïημεία ÏÏίξηÏ, ÏÏάγμα ÏοÏ
οδηγεί Ïε μια Ïιο λιÏή και Ïιο ÏÏνÏομη ÏÏνÏαξη. ΠαÏάλληλα, η SCSS είναι Ïιο εÏκολη ÏÏην εκμάθηÏη Î¼Î¹Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏÏκειÏαι για μεÏικά μικÏά εÏιÏλÎον κομμάÏια ÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÏη CSS.</p><p>ÎÎ³Ï ÏÏοÏÏÏικά ÏÏοÏÎ¹Î¼Ï Ïην SCSS αÏÏ Ïη Sass γιαÏί είναι Ïιο κονÏά ÏÏη CSS και Ïιο Ïιλική για ÏοÏ
Ï ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοÏ
Ï developers. Îιâ αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο λÏγο, θα ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹Ï SCSS ανÏί για Sass Ïâ αÏ
Ïά Ïα guidelines.</p><h3 id="preprocessors">ÎοιÏοί preprocessors</h3><p>
1Î Sass είναι ÎÎ½Î±Ï preprocessor μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï Î¬Î»Î»Ïν. Î Ïιο ÏοβαÏÏÏ Î±Î½ÏαγÏνιÏÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ η <a href="http://lesscss.org/">Less</a>, ÎÎ½Î±Ï preprocessor ÏοÏ
βαÏίζεÏαι Ïε NodeJS, ο οÏÎ¿Î¯Î¿Ï ÎÏει γίνει αÏκεÏά δημοÏÎ¹Î»Î®Ï ÏάÏη ÏÏο γνÏÏÏÏ CSS framework <a href="https://getbootstrap.com/">Bootstrap</a> ÏοÏ
Ïο ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιεί (μÎÏÏι Ïην 4η ÎκδοÏη). ÎÏίÏÎ·Ï Ï
ÏάÏÏει και Ïο <a href="https://stylus-lang.com/">Stylus</a>, ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î±Î½ÎµÎºÏικÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ εÏ
ÎλικÏο preprocessor ÏμÏÏ ÎµÎ»Î±ÏÏÏÏ Î´Ï
ÏκολÏÏεÏο ÏÏην ÏÏήÏη και με μικÏÏÏεÏη κοινÏÏηÏα.</p><p>Το <em>γιαÏί να εÏιλÎÎ¾Ï Sass ανÏί κάÏοιοÏ
άλλοÏ
preprocessor</em> είναι μία βάÏιμη αÏοÏία ακÏμα και ÏήμεÏα. ÎÎÏÏι ÏÏÏÏÏαÏα ÏÏ
νιÏÏοÏÏαμε Sass για projects Ïε Ruby γιαÏί ο preprocessor ήÏαν ÏÏιαγμÎÎ½Î¿Ï Ïε Ruby και κοÏμÏÏνε καλά με Ïο Ruby on Rails. ΤÏÏα ÏοÏ
Ïο LibSass ÎÏει ÏÏ
μβαδίÏει (ÏÏεδÏν) με Ïο ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Ïο Sass, ÏλÎον δεν ÏίθεÏαι ÏÎÏοιο θÎμα.</p><p>ÎÏ
ÏÏ ÏοÏ
μâ αÏÎÏει ÏÏη Sass είναι η ÏÏ
νÏηÏηÏική ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏοÏÎγγιÏη αÏÎνανÏι ÏÏη CSS. Î ÏÏεδιαÏμÏÏ ÏÎ·Ï Sass βαÏίζεÏαι Ïε ιÏÏÏ
ÏÎÏ Î±ÏÏÎÏ: οι ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ ÏÏεδιαÏÏικÎÏ ÏÏοÏεγγίÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏοÎÏÏονÏαι ÏÏ
Ïικά αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏεÏοιθήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏν ιδÏÏ
ÏÏν ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏÏ Î±) Ïο να ÏÏοÏθÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÏιÏλÎον δÏ
ναÏÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÎÏει μία εÏιβάÏÏ
νÏη Ïε ÏολÏ
ÏλοκÏÏηÏα η οÏοία ÏÏÎÏει να δικαιολογείÏαι αÏÏ Ïη ÏÏηÏιμÏÏηÏα και β) ÏÏÎÏει να είναι αÏÎ»Ï Î½Î± καÏανοήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïι κάνει Îνα ÏÏ
γκεκÏιμÎνο κομμάÏι αÏÏ styles μελεÏÏνÏÎ±Ï Ïο αÏομονÏμÎνα. ÎÏίÏηÏ, η Sass δίνει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î±Ï
ÏÏηÏÏÏεÏη ÎμÏαÏη ÏÏη λεÏÏομÎÏεια Ïε ÏÏÎÏη με άλλοÏ
Ï preprocessors. ÎÏâ ÏÏο μÏοÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÏ, οι βαÏικοί ÏÏεδιαÏÏÎÏ Î½Î¿Î¹Î¬Î¶Î¿Î½Ïαι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην Ï
ÏοÏÏήÏιξη ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¬Î¸Îµ ÏαÏαμικÏÎ®Ï ÏÏ
μβαÏÏÏηÏÎ±Ï Î¼Îµ Ïη CSS και ÏÏονÏίζοÏ
ν η γενική ÏÏ
μÏεÏιÏοÏά ÏÎ·Ï Î³Î»ÏÏÏÎ±Ï Î½Î± είναι ÏÏ
νεÏήÏ.</p><p>Î ÎÏα αÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï preprocessors, ÏÏÎÏει εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î½Î± εÏιÏημάνοÏ
με εÏγαλεία ÏÏÏÏ Ïο <a href="https://github.com/postcss/postcss">PostCSS</a> και Ïο <a href="https://cssnext.github.io/">cssnext</a> Ïα οÏοία ÎÏοÏ
ν γίνει αÏκεÏά δημοÏιλή ÏοÏ
Ï ÏελεÏ
ÏαίοÏ
Ï Î¼Î®Î½ÎµÏ.</p><p>Το PostCSS ÏÏ
νηθίζεÏαι να αÏοκαλείÏαι (λανθαÏμÎνα) ÏÏ âpostprocessorâ. Î Ï
ÏÏθεÏη, ÏÏ
νδιαÏμÎνη με Ïο αÏÏ
ÏÎÏ Ïνομα, είναι ÏÏÏ Ïο PostCSS κάνει parse Ïη CSS η οÏοία ÎÏει ήδη εÏεξεÏγαÏÏεί αÏÏ Îναν preprocessor. ÎÎ½Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί να δοÏ
λÎÏει και με αÏ
ÏÏν Ïον ÏÏÏÏο, δεν είναι αÏαιÏοÏμενο και ÎÏÏι Ïο PostCSS είναι ÏÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα αÏλÏÏ ÎÎ½Î±Ï âprocessorâ.</p><p>ΠαÏÎÏει Ïην ÏÏÏÏβαÏη Ïε âtokensâ ÏÏν stylesheets ÏÎ±Ï (ÏÏÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï selectors, Ïα properties και ÏÎ¹Ï ÏιμÎÏ), Ïα εÏεξεÏγάζεÏαι μÎÏÏ JavaScript για να εκÏελÎÏει κάÏοια εÏγαÏία και (ÏÎλοÏ) κάνει compile Ïα αÏοÏελÎÏμαÏα Ïε CSS. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, η δημοÏÎ¹Î»Î®Ï prefixing βιβλιοθήκη <a href="https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer">Autoprefixer</a> είναι ÏÏιαγμÎνη με PostCSS. Îάνει parse κάθε κανÏνα CSS για να δει αν ÏÏειάζονÏαι vendor prefixes με βάÏη Ïο εÏγαλείο Ï
ÏοÏÏήÏÎ¹Î¾Î·Ï ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏικÏν ÏÏοÏ
Ï browsers <a href="https://caniuse.com">CanIUse</a>, κι ÎÏειÏα διαγÏάÏει vendor prefixes ÏοÏ
δεν ÏÏειάζονÏαι και ÏÏοÏθÎÏει αÏ
Ïά ÏοÏ
ÏÏειάζονÏαι.</p><p>ÎÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ εξαιÏεÏικά ιÏÏÏ
ÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην δημιοÏ
Ïγία βιβλιοθηκÏν ÏοÏ
λειÏοÏ
ÏγοÏν με οÏοιονδήÏοÏε preprocessor (ÏÏÏÏ ÎµÏίÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ με αÏλή CSS), αλλά Ïο PostCSS δεν είναι ιδιαίÏεÏα εÏκολο ÏÏη ÏÏήÏη ακÏμη. Î ÏÎÏει να γνÏÏίζεÏε Javascript για μÏοÏείÏε να ÏÏίÏεÏε κάÏι με αÏ
ÏÏ, Î
1ºÎ±Î¹ Ïο API ÏοÏ
μÏοÏεί να ÏÎ±Ï Î¼ÏεÏδÎÏει καÏά καιÏοÏÏ. ÎÎ½Ï Î· Sass ÏαÏÎÏει μÏνο Îνα ÏÎµÏ Î±ÏÏ ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏικά ÏοÏ
είναι ÏÏήÏιμα για να γÏάÏει κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï CSS, Ïο PostCSS ÏαÏÎÏει αÏεÏ
Î¸ÎµÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÏÏÏβαÏη ÏÏο CSS AST (<em>abstract syntax tree</em>) και ÏÏη JavaScript.</p><p>Îν ÏÏ
νÏομία, η Sass είναι ÏÏεÏικά εÏκολη και θα λÏÏει Ïα ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα αÏÏ Ïα ÏÏοβλήμαÏά ÏαÏ. ÎÏÏ Ïην άλλη, Ïο PostCSS είναι αÏκεÏά δÏÏκολο ÏÏην καÏανÏηÏη (ιδίÏÏ Î±Î½ δε γνÏÏίζεÏε JavaScript), αλλά αÏοδεικνÏεÏαι ÏÏι είναι Îνα εξαιÏεÏικά ιÏÏÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÏγαλείο. Îεν Ï
ÏάÏÏει κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î»ÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïον οÏοίο δε μÏοÏείÏε και δεν ÏÏÎÏει να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏε και Ïα δÏο. ΣÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα, Ïο PostCSS ÏÏοÏÏÎÏει εÏίÏημα SCSS parser γιâ αÏ
ÏÏν ακÏιβÏÏ Ïο λÏγο.</p><div class="note"><p>ÎÏ
ÏαÏιÏÏÏ Ïον <a href="https://github.com/corysimmons">Cory Simmons</a> για Ïη βοήθεια και Ïην εμÏειÏογνÏμοÏÏνη ÏοÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏεÏε Ïε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο Ïμήμα.</p></div></section><section id="chapter-introduction" class="chapter chapter--introduction"><h2 id="section-3">ÎιÏαγÏγή</h2><h3 id="styleguide">ÎÏγοι για Îνα styleguide</h3><p>
1Îνα styleguide δεν είναι Îνα ÎγγÏαÏο αÏλά εÏ
ÏάÏιÏÏο ÏÏην ανάγνÏÏη, ÏοÏ
αÏεικονίζει μια ιδανική καÏάÏÏαÏη για Ïον κÏδικά ÏοÏ
. Îίναι Îνα ÎγγÏαÏο βαÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï ÏημαÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïη ζÏή ενÏÏ project, Ïο οÏοίο ÏεÏιγÏάÏει γιαÏί και ÏÏÏ ÏÏÎÏει να γÏάÏεÏαι ο κÏδικαÏ. ÎÏοÏεί να ακοÏγεÏαι ÏλεοναÏμÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± μικÏά projects, αλλά βοηθάει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏÏη διαÏήÏηÏη ενÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¸Î±ÏοÏ, εÏεκÏάÏιμοÏ
και εÏ
κολοÏÏ
νÏήÏηÏοÏ
κÏδικα.</p><p>ΠεÏιÏÏÏ Î½Î± ÏοÏμε ÏÏÏ ÏÏο ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοι developers εμÏλÎκονÏαι Ïε Îνα project, ÏÏÏο ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο ÏÏειάζονÏαι guidelines για Ïον κÏδικα. ΣÏα ίδια ÏλαίÏια, ÏÏο μεγαλÏÏεÏο Ïο project, ÏÏÏο αναγκαίο καθιÏÏάÏαι Îνα styleguide.</p><p>Î <a href="https://csswizardry.com">Harry Roberts</a> αναÏÎÏει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î¬ ÏÏο <a href="https://cssguidelin.es/#the-importance-of-a-styleguide">CSS Guidelines</a>:</p><blockquote><p>Îνα code styleguide (Ïημ., ÏÏι οÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ styleguide) είναι ÎÎ
1½Î± ÏολÏÏιμο εÏγαλείο για Î¿Î¼Î¬Î´ÎµÏ Î¿Î¹ οÏοίεÏ:</p><ul><li>αναÏÏÏÏÏοÏ
ν και ÏÏ
νÏηÏοÏν ÏÏοÏÏνÏα για Îνα εÏλογο ÏÏÎ¿Î½Î¹ÎºÏ Î´Î¹Î¬ÏÏημα·</li><li>αÏαÏÏολοÏν developers με διαÏοÏεÏικÎÏ Î¹ÎºÎ±Î½ÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ειδικÏÏηÏεÏ·</li><li>αÏαÏÏολοÏν Îναν αÏÎ¹Î¸Î¼Ï Î±ÏÏ Î´Î¹Î±ÏοÏεÏικοÏÏ developers οι οÏοίοι εÏγάζονÏαι ÏÎ¬Î½Ï Ïε Îνα ÏÏοÏÏν ανά ÏάÏα ÏÏιγμή·</li><li>ÏÏοÏλαμβάνοÏ
ν ÏακÏικά νÎο ÏÏοÏÏÏικÏ·</li><li>ÎÏοÏ
ν Îναν αÏÎ¹Î¸Î¼Ï Î±ÏÏ codebases ÏÏα οÏοία οι developers ÏÏ
ÏνάζοÏ
ν.</li></ul></blockquote><h3 id="disclaimer">Disclaimer</h3><p>Î ÏÏÏα αÏâ Ïλα: <strong>δεν ÏÏÏκειÏαι για Îνα CSS styleguide</strong>. ÎÏ
ÏÏ Ïο ÎγγÏαÏο δεν εξεÏάζει ÏÏ
μβάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î±ÏοδοÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î³Î¹Î± κλάÏÎµÎ¹Ï CSS, modular patterns, οÏÏε Ïο ζήÏημα ÏοÏ
ID ÏÏη ÏÏαίÏα ÏÎ·Ï CSS. ÎÏ
Ïά Ïα guidelines ÎÏοÏ
ν Î¼Î¿Î½Î±Î´Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏο να εξεÏάÏοÏ
ν θÎμαÏα ειδικά για Ïη
1Sass.</p><p>ÎÏίÏηÏ, αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο styleguide είναι Î´Î¹ÎºÏ Î¼Î¿Ï
και εÏομÎνÏÏ <strong>ιδιαίÏεÏα δογμαÏικÏ</strong>. ÎÎµÏ ÏÏο Ïαν μία ÏÏ
λλογή αÏÏ Î¼ÎµÎ¸Î¿Î´Î¿Î»Î¿Î³Î¯ÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏ
μβοÏ
λÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î¿ÏÎ¿Î¯ÎµÏ ÎÏÏ ÏελειοÏοιήÏει και ÎÏÏ ÏÏοÏÏÎÏει Ïην ÏάÏοδο ÏÏν ÏÏÏνÏν. ÎοÏ
δίνεÏαι εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î· εÏ
καιÏία να ÏαÏαθÎÏÏ ÎºÎ¬ÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÏ Î±Î¾Î¹Î¿ÏημείÏÏÎµÏ ÏηγÎÏ, οÏÏÏε μην αμελήÏεÏε να διαβάÏεÏε Ïα <em>ÏεÏαιÏÎÏÏ Î±Î½Î±Î³Î½ÏÏμαÏα</em>.</p><p>Î ÏοÏανÏÏ, αÏ
ÏÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ είναι ο μοναδικÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± ανÏιμεÏÏÏίÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïα ÏÏάγμαÏα, οÏÏÏε μÏοÏεί να αÏμÏζει ή να μην αÏμÏζει ÏÏο project ÏοÏ
· εÏÎλεξε ελεÏθεÏα και οÏιδήÏοÏε ÏÏοÏάÏμοÏÎ Ïο ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î³ÎºÎµÏ ÏοÏ
. ÎÏÏÏ Î»Îμε, <em>your mileage may vary</em>.</p><h3 id="section-4">ÎαÏικÎÏ Î±ÏÏÎÏ</h3><p>ΣÏο ÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î¼ÎÏαÏ, αν μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏ
γκÏαÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα ÏÏάγμα αÏâ Ïλο Ïο styleguide, είναι ÏÏι <strong><a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/keep-sass-simple/">η Sass ÏÏÎÏει να είναι ÏÏο Ïιο αÏλή γίνεÏαι</a></strong>.</p><p>ΧάÏη ÏÏα ανÏηÏα ÏειÏάμαÏά μοÏ
ÏÏÏÏ Î¿Î¹ <a href="https://github.com/KittyGiraudel/SassyBitwise">bitwise operators</a>, οι <a href="https://github.com/KittyGiraudel/SassyIteratorsGenerators">iterators and generators</a> και <a href="https://github.com/KittyGiraudel/SassyJSON">ÎÎ½Î±Ï JSON parser</a> Ïε Sass, ξÎÏοÏ
με Ïλοι Ïι μÏοÏεί να εÏιÏεÏ
Ïθεί με αÏ
ÏÏν Ïον preprocessor.</p><p>ΠαÏάλληλα, η CSS είναι μια αÏλή γλÏÏÏα. Î Sass ÏοÏ
ÏÏοοÏίζεÏαι για Ïην εξαγÏγή CSS, δεν θα ÎÏÏεÏε να είναι αÏκεÏά Ïιο ÏεÏίÏλοκη αÏο Ïην CSS. Î <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle">αÏÏή KISS</a> (Keep It Simple Stupid) είναι Ïο κλειδί και μÏοÏεί να ÏάÏει ÏÏοÏεÏαιÏÏηÏα ÎνανÏι ÏÎ·Ï <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself">DRY αÏÏήÏ</a> (Donât Repeat Yourself) Ïε κάÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÏ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏειÏ.</p><p>ÎεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ, είναι καλÏÏεÏο να εÏαναλάμβανÏμαÏÏε λίγο για να κÏαÏήÏοÏ
με Ïον κÏδικα ÏÏ
νÏηÏήÏιμο, ανÏι να ÏÏÎ¹Î¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ¬Ïι βαÏή, δÏ
ÏμεÏαÏείÏιÏÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ αδικαιολÏγηÏα ÏεÏίÏλοκο ÏÏÏÏημα ÏοÏ
είναι αδÏναÏο να ÏÏ
νÏηÏηθεί εÏειδή είναι Ï
ÏεÏβολικά ÏεÏίÏλοκο.</p><p>ÎÏίÏηÏ, και εÏιÏÏÎÏÏε μοÏ
να ÏαÏαθÎÏÏ Ïον <a href="https://csswizardry.com">Harry Roberts</a> για ακÏμη μια ÏοÏά, <strong>ο ÏÏαγμαÏιÏμÏÏ Ï
ÏεÏÎÏει ÏÎ¹Ï ÏελειÏÏηÏαÏ</strong>. ÎεÏά αÏÏ ÎºÎ¬Ïοιο Ïημείο, μάλλον θα βÏείÏε Ïον εαÏ
ÏÏ ÏÎ±Ï Î½Î± Ïηγαίνει ενάνÏια ÏÏα ÏÏάγμαÏα ÏοÏ
ÏεÏιγÏάÏονÏαι εδÏ. Îν βγάζοÏ
ν νÏημα και ÏιÏÏεÏεÏε ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ οÏθά, μην διÏÏάÏεÏε να Ïο κάνεÏε. ΠκÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ±Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÎÎ
1½Î± μÎÏο, ÏÏι Î±Ï ÏοÏκοÏÏÏ.</p><h3 id="guidelines">ÎÏÎκÏαÏη ÏÏν guidelines</h3><p>Îνα μεγάλο μÎÏÎ¿Ï Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï styleguide είναι αÏκεÏά δογμαÏικÏ. ÎÏÏ Î´Î¹Î±Î²Î¬Ïει και γÏάÏει Sass αÏκεÏά ÏÏÏνια ÏÏÏα, Ïε Î²Î±Î¸Î¼Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏα ÎÏÏ ÏολλÎÏ Î±ÏÏÎÏ ÏÏον αÏοÏά Ïη ÏÏ Î³Î³ÏαÏή καθαÏÏν stylesheets. ÎαÏÎ±Î»Î±Î²Î±Î¯Î½Ï ÏÏι μÏοÏεί να μην ικανοÏοιεί οÏÏε να ÏαιÏιάζει Ïε ÏÎ»Î¿Ï Ï, και Î±Ï ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ αÏολÏÏÏÏ ÏÏ ÏιολογικÏ.</p><p>Îν και, ÏιÏÏεÏÏ ÏÏÏ Ïα guidelines ÏÏιάÏνονÏαι για να εÏεκÏαθοÏν. ÎÏεκÏείνονÏÎ±Ï Ïα Sass Guidelines θα μÏοÏοÏÏε να είναι ÏÏÏο αÏÎ»Ï ÏÏο ÎÏονÏÎ±Ï Îνα ÎγγÏαÏο ÏÎ¿Ï ÏιÏÏοÏοιεί ÏÏι ο κÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ±Ï Î±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï Î¸ÎµÎ¯ guidelines αÏο Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο styleguide εκÏÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Î¼ÎµÏικά ÏÏάγμαÏα· ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη ÏÏην οÏοία ειδικοί κανÏÎ½ÎµÏ Î¸Î± εξηγοÏνÏαι ÏαÏακάÏÏ.</p><p>Îνα ÏαÏάδειγμα αÏο Ïην εÏÎκÏαÏη ÏÎ¿Ï styleguide μÏοÏεί να βÏεθεί ÏÏο <a href="https://github.com/SassDoc/sassdoc/blob/master/GUIDELINES.md">SassDoc repository</a>:</p><blockquote><p>Îίναι μια εÏÎκÏαÏη ÏÎ¿Ï <a href="https://github.com/felixge/node-style-guide">Node Styleguide</a> αÏÏ Ïον Felix Geisendörfer. ÎÏιδήÏοÏε αÏÏ Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÎγγÏαÏο Ï ÏεÏιÏÏÏει ÏÏν λεγομÎνÏν ÏÎ¿Ï Node Styleguide.</p></blockquote></section><section id="chapter-syntax" class="chapter chapter--syntax"><h2 id="section-5">ΣÏνÏαξη & μοÏÏοÏοίηÏη</h2><p>Îν με ÏÏÏάÏ, Ïο ÏÏÏÏο ÏÏάγμα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÎÏει να κάνει Îνα styleguide είναι να ÏεÏιγÏάÏει Ïον ÏÏÏÏο ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸ÎÎ»Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ να ÏαίνεÏαι ο κÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ¬Ï Î¼Î±Ï.</p><p>ÎÏαν διάÏοÏοι developers ÏÏ Î¼Î¼ÎµÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏην ÏÏ Î³Î³ÏαÏή CSS ÏÏο ίδιο project, είναι αÏλά θÎμα ÏÏÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î¼ÎÏÏι ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î±ÏÏ Î±Ï ÏοÏÏ Î½Î± ξεκινήÏει να δÏα με Ïο Î´Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏÏο. Τα guidelines κÏδικα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοÏθοÏν Ïην ομοιομοÏÏία ÏÏι μÏνο ÏÏÎ¿Î»Î±Î¼Î²Î¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ κάÏι ÏÎÏοιο, αλλά εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î²Î¿Î·Î¸Î¿Ïν ÏÏο διάβαÏμα και Ïην ενημÎÏÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏδικα.</p><p>Îενικά, θÎÎ»Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ (εμÏÎ½ÎµÏ ÏμÎνα αÏÏ Ïα <a href="https://cssguidelin.es/#syntax-and-formatting">CSS Guidelines</a>):</p><ul><li>δÏο (2) κενά για indentation, ÏÏι tabs,</li><li>ιδανικά, 80 ÏαÏακÏήÏÎµÏ Î±Î½Î¬ γÏαμμή,</li><li>οÏθά γÏαμμÎνη CSS ÏολλαÏλÏν γÏαμμÏν,</li><li>εÏοικοδομηÏική ÏÏήÏη κενÏν,</li></ul><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 2<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 3 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span><span class="p">;</span> 4 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span><span class="p">;</span> 5 <span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">1em</span><span class="p">;</span> 6<span class="p">}</span> 7 8<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 9<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 10 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span><span class="p">;</span> 11 12 <span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">1em</span><span class="p">;</span> 13<span class="p">}</span> 14</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// ÎÏÏÏον η εμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Î¼Îνη ÏÏνÏαξη Sass εÏιβάλει Î±Ï Ïά Ïα ÏÏÏÏÏ Ïα κÏδικα</span> 15<span class="c1">// Îεν Ï ÏάÏÏει Î»Î¬Î¸Î¿Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να ÏÏοÏÏÏήÏειÏ</span> 16<span class="nc">.foo</span> 17 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span> 18 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span> 19 <span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">1em</span> 20</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h3 id="strings">Strings</h3><p>ÎίÏε Ïο ÏιÏÏεÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ¯Ïε ÏÏι, Ïα strings ÏÎ±Î¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î¿ ÏÏλο και ÏÏο οικοÏÏÏÏημα ÏÎ·Ï CSS αλλά και ÏÎ·Ï Sass. Îι ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ ÏιμÎÏ CSS είναι είÏε μήκη ή αναγνÏÏιÏÏικά, οÏÏÏε ÏÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα είναι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏημανÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î½Î± Î±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï Î¸Î¿Ïμε κάÏοια guidelines ÏÏαν ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ με strings ÏÏη Sass.</p><h4 id="section-6">ÎÏδικοÏοίηÏη</h4><p>Îια Ïην αÏοÏÏ Î³Î® ÏÎ¹Î¸Î±Î½Î¿Ï ÏÏοβλήμαÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïην κÏδικοÏοίηÏη ÏαÏακÏήÏÏν, ÏÏ Î½Î¹ÏÏάÏαι ιδιαίÏεÏα να εÏαÏμοÏÏεί κÏδικοÏοίηÏη <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8">UTF-8</a> ÏÏο <a href="#main">main stylesheet</a> ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιÏνÏÎ±Ï Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@charset</code>
20 directive. ÎεβαιÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏι είναι Ïο ÏÏÏÏο ÏÏÏÏο ÏÏοιÏείο ÏÎ¿Ï stylesheet και ÏÏι δεν Ï ÏάÏÏει κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï ÏαÏακÏήÏÎ±Ï Î¿ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î´Î®ÏοÏε ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï Ï ÏÏιν αÏÏ Î±Ï ÏÏ.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@charset</span> <span class="s1">'utf-8'</span><span class="p">;</span> 21</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@charset</span> <span class="s1">'utf-8'</span> 22</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h4 id="section-7">ÎιÏαγÏγικά</h4><p>Î CSS δεν αÏαιÏεί Ïα strings να ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ειÏαγÏγικά, ακÏμη και Î±Ï Ïά ÏÎ¿Ï ÏεÏιÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ κενά. ΠάÏε για ÏαÏάδειγμα Ïα font-family names: δεν ÎÏει ÏημαÏία αν ÏεÏÎ¹ÎºÎ»ÎµÎ¯ÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÏÏ Ïα strings με ειÏαγÏγικά ή ο CSS parser.</p><p>ÎξαιÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î±Ï ÏοÏ, <em>οÏÏε</em> η Sass αÏαιÏεί Ïα strings να ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ειÏαγÏγικά. ÎκÏμη καλÏÏεÏα (και <em>ÎµÏ ÏÏ ÏÏÏ</em> ÏÏÎÏει να ÏαÏαδεÏÏοÏμε), Îνα string με ειÏαγÏγικά είναι Î±Ï ÏÏηÏά ιÏοδÏναμο με Îνα ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï ÎµÎ¹ÏαγÏγικά (Ï.Ï. Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">'abc'</code> είναι Î±Ï ÏÏηÏά ιÏοδÏναμο με Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">abc</code>).</p><p>ΠαÏÏλα Î±Ï Ïά, οι γλÏÏÏÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ αÏαιÏοÏν Ïα strings να ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ειÏαγÏγικά είναι ÏαÏÏÏ Î¼ÎµÎ¹Î¿ÏηÏία οÏÏÏε, <strong>Ïα strings ÏÏÎÏει ÏάνÏοÏε να ÏεÏικλείονÏαι αÏÏ Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬ ειÏαγÏγικά</strong> (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">'</code>) ÏÏη Sass (μονά εÏειδή είναι Ïιο εÏκολο αÏÏ Ïα διÏλά να ÏληκÏÏολογηθοÏν ÏÏα <em>qwerty</em> ÏληκÏÏολÏγια). ÎκÏÏÏ ÏÎ·Ï Î¿Î¼Î¿Î¹Î¿Î¼Î¿ÏÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î¼Îµ Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ Î³Î»ÏÏÏεÏ, ÏÏ Î¼ÏεÏιλαμβανομÎÎ½Î·Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏ Î³Î³ÎµÎ½Î¿ÏÏ Î¼Îµ Ïη CSS Javascript, Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ διάÏοÏοι λÏγοι γιâ Î±Ï Ïή Ïην εÏιλογή:</p><ul><li>Ïα ονÏμαÏα ÏÏν ÏÏÏμάÏÏν ανÏιμεÏÏÏίζονÏαι Ïαν ÏÏÏμαÏα ÏÏαν είναι ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï ÎµÎ¹ÏαγÏγικά, ÏÏάγμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί να οδηγήÏει Ïε ÏοβαÏά ÏÏοβλήμαÏαÎ</li><li>οι ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοι syntax highlighters κολλάνε ÏÏα strings ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï ÎµÎ¹ÏαγÏγικάÎ</li><li>βοηθάει ÏÏην γενικÏÏεÏη αναγνÏÏιμÏÏηÏαÎ</li><li>δεν Ï ÏάÏÏει κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î²Î¬ÏÎ¹Î¼Î¿Ï Î»ÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να μην ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε ειÏαγÏγικά.</li></ul><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 23<span class="nv">$direction</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'left'</span><span class="p">;</span> 24 25<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 26<span class="nv">$direction</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">left</span><span class="p">;</span> 27</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 28<span class="nv">$direction</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'left'</span> 29 30<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 31<span class="nv">$direction</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">left</span> 32</code></pre></div></div></div></div><div class="note"><p>ΣÏμÏÏνα με ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏοδιαγÏαÏÎÏ ÏÎ·Ï CSS, Ïο <code>@charset</code> directive ÏÏÎÏει να δηλÏνεÏαι με διÏλά ειÏαγÏγικά <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-syntax/#charset-rule">για να θεÏÏείÏαι ÎÎ³ÎºÏ Ïο</a>. ΠαÏÏλα Î±Ï Ïά, η Sass ÏÏονÏίζει γιâ Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏÏαν κάνει compile Ïε CSS οÏÏÏε ο ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± Ïο γÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ ÎÏει ανÏίκÏÏ Ïο ÏÏο ÏÎµÎ»Î¹ÎºÏ Î±ÏοÏÎλεÏμα. ÎÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± Î¼ÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Îµ αÏÏάλεια ÏÏα μονά ειÏαγÏγικά, ακÏμη και για Ïο <code>@charset</code>.</p></div><h4 id="strings---css">Strings Ïαν ÏιμÎÏ CSS</h4><p>ÎÏιÏμÎÎ½ÎµÏ ÏιμÎÏ (αναγνÏÏιÏÏικά) CSS ÏÏÏÏ Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">initial</code> ή Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sans-serif</code> αÏαιÏοÏν να μην ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ειÏαγÏγικά. Î ÏάγμαÏι, η δήλÏÏη <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">font-family: 'sans-serif'</code> θα αÏοÏÏÏει ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï ÏÏοειδοÏοίηÏη εÏειδή η CSS ÏεÏιμÎνει Îνα identifier, ÏÏι Îνα string Ïε ειÏαγÏγικά. ÎξαιÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î±Ï ÏοÏ, δεν Î²Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ ειÏαγÏγικά Ïε Î±Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏιμÎÏ.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 33<span class="nv">$font-type</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">sans-serif</span><span class="p">;</span> 34 35<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 36<span class="nv">$font-type</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'sans-serif'</span><span class="p">;</span> 37 38<span class="c1">// Okay I guess</span> 39<span class="nv">$font-type</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">unquote</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'sans-serif'</span><span class="p">);</span> 40</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 41<span class="nv">$font-type</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">sans-serif</span> 42 43<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 44<span class="nv">$font-type</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'sans-serif'</span> 45 46<span class="c1">// Okay I guess</span> 47<span class="nv">$font-type</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">unquote</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'sans-serif'</span><span class="p">)</span> 48</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Î£Ï Î½ÎµÏÏÏ, μÏοÏοÏμε να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μια διάκÏιÏη μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï strings ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοÎ
48¿ÏίζονÏαι για ÏÏήÏη ÏÏ ÏιμÎÏ CSS (CSS identifiers) ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏο ÏÏοηγοÏμενο ÏαÏάδειγμα, και strings ÏÏαν ÏαÏαμÎÎ½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïε ÏÏÏο αÏÏÎµÎ¯Î¿Ï Sass, για ÏαÏάδειγμα map keys.</p><p>Îεν Î²Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ ειÏαγÏγικά ÏÏα ÏÏÏÏα, ÏμÏÏ ÏÏα δεÏÏεÏα Î²Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μονά ειÏαγÏγικά.</p><h4 id="strings---">Strings ÏÎ¿Ï ÏεÏιÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ειÏαγÏγικά</h4><p>Îν Îνα string ÏεÏιÎÏει Îνα ή ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα μονά ειÏαγÏγικά, μÏοÏεί ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏεÏικλείÏει Ïο string με διÏλά ειÏαγÏγικά (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">"</code>), για να αÏοÏÏγει να κάνει escape Ïε ÏαÏακÏήÏÎµÏ Î¼ÎÏα ÏÏο string.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Okay</span> 49<span class="k">@warn</span> <span class="s1">'You can\'t do that.'</span><span class="p">;</span> 50 51<span class="c1">// Okay</span> 52<span class="k">@warn</span> <span class="s2">"You can't do that."</span><span class="p">;</span> 53</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Okay</span> 54<span class="k">@warn</span> <span class="s1">'You can\'t do that.'</span> 55 56<span class="c1">// Okay</span> 57<span class="k">@warn</span> <span class="s2">"You can't do that."</span> 58</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h4 id="urls">URLs</h4><p>Τα URL θα ÏÏÎÏει εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î½Î± ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ειÏαγÏγικά, για ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¯Î´Î¹Î¿Ï Ï Î»ÏÎ³Î¿Ï Ï Î¼Îµ ÏαÏαÏάνÏ:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 59<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 60 <span class="nl">background-image</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="sx">url('/images/kittens.jpg')</span><span class="p">;</span> 61<span class="p">}</span> 62 63<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 64<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 65 <span class="nl">background-image</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="sx">url(/images/kittens.jpg)</span><span class="p">;</span> 66<span class="p">}</span> 67</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 68<span class="nc">.foo</span> 69 <span class="nl">background-image</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="sx">url('/images/kittens.jpg')</span> 70 71<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 72<span class="nc">.foo</span> 73 <span class="nl">background-image</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="sx">url(/images/kittens.jpg)</span> 74</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h3 id="section-8">ÎÏιθμοί</h3><p>
74ΣÏη Sass, ο αÏιθμÏÏ (number) είναι ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ´Î¿Î¼ÎνÏν ÏÎ¿Ï ÏεÏιλαμβάνει Ïα ÏάνÏα, αÏÏ Î±ÏιθμοÏÏ ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬Î´ÎµÏ Î¼ÎÏÏι μήκη, διάÏκειεÏ, ÏÏ ÏνÏÏηÏεÏ, γÏÎ½Î¯ÎµÏ ÎºÏλ. ÎÏ ÏÏ ÎµÏιÏÏÎÏει να γίνονÏαι Ï ÏολογιÏμοί Ïε Î±Ï Ïά Ïα μÎÏÏα.</p><h4 id="section-9">Îηδενικά</h4><p>Îι αÏιθμοί θα ÏÏÎÏει να εμÏανίζονÏαι με μηδενικά ÏÏιν αÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î± δεκαδική Ïιμή μικÏÏÏεÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬Î´Î±Ï. ΠοÏΠμην εμÏÎ±Î½Î¯Î¶ÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Î·Î´ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¬ ÏÏο ÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎºÎ±Î´Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 75<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 76 <span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2em</span><span class="p">;</span> 77 <span class="nl">opacity</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="mi">.5</span><span class="p">;</span> 78<span class="p">}</span> 79 80<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 81<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 82 <span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="mi">.0em</span><span class="p">;</span> 83 <span class="nl">opacity</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">.5</span><span class="p">;</span> 84<span class="p">}</span> 85</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 86<span class="nc">.foo</span> 87 <span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2em</span> 88 <span class="nl">opacity</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="mi">.5</span> 89 90<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 91<span class="nc">.foo</span> 92 <span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="mi">.0em</span> 93 <span class="nl">opacity</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">.5</span> 94</code></pre></div></div></div></div><div class="note"><p>ΣÏο Sublime Text και Ïε Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Ï editors ÏÎ¿Ï ÏαÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ αναζήÏηÏη και ανÏικαÏάÏÏαÏη με regular expressions, είναι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎµÏκολο να ÏÏοÏθÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Îνα Î¼Î·Î´ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï (ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Ï, αν ÏÏι ÏÎ»Î¿Ï Ï) αÏιθμοÏÏ ÎºÎ¹Î½Î·ÏÎ®Ï Ï ÏοδιαÏÏολήÏ. ÎÏλά ανÏικαÏάÏÏηÏε Ïο <code>\s+\.(\d+)</code> με <code>\ 0.$1</code>. Îην ξεÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏμÏÏ Ïο ÎºÎµÎ½Ï ÏÏιν Ïο <code>0</code>.</p></div><h4 id="section-10">ÎονάδεÏ</h4><p>ÎÏαν ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ με μήκη, μια Ïιμή <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">0</code> δεν ÏÏÎÏει ÏοÏΠμα ÏοÏΠνα ÎÏει μονάδα.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 95<span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span> 96 97<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 98<span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0em</span><span class="p">;</span> 99</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 100<span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> 101 102<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 103<span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0em</span> 104</code></pre></div></div></div></div><div class="note"><p>Î ÏοÏοÏή, Î±Ï Ïή η ÏÏακÏική ÏÏÎÏει να ÏεÏιοÏίζεÏαι μÏνο ÏÏα μήκη. Το να ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα μηδÎν ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬Î´Î± για Îνα property ÏÏÏÎ½Î¿Ï ÏÏÏÏ Ïο <code>transition-delay</code> δεν εÏιÏÏÎÏεÏαι. ÎεÏÏηÏικά, αν Îνα μηδÎν ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬Î´Î± οÏιÏÏεί για διάÏκεια, η δήλÏÏη θεÏÏείÏαι Î¬ÎºÏ Ïη και θα ÏÏÎÏει να ÏαÏαλειÏθεί. Îεν είναι Ïλοι οι browsers ÏÏÏο Î±Ï ÏÏηÏοί, ÏμÏÏ Î¼ÎµÏικοί είναι. Îε λίγα λÏγια: αÏλά ÏαÏάλειÏε Ïη μονάδα ÏÏα μήκη.</p></div><p>Το Ïιο ÏÏ Î½Î·Î¸Î¹ÏμÎνο Î»Î¬Î¸Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Î¿Ï ÎÏÏεÏαι ÏÏο Î¼Ï Î±Î»Ï ÏÏον αÏοÏά ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î±ÏιθμοÏÏ ÏÏη Sass, είναι Ïο να ÏιÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏι οι Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬Î´ÎµÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ αÏλά κάÏοια strings ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏμε να ÏÏοÏαÏÏήÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ με αÏÏάλεια Ïε Îναν αÏιθμÏ. ÎÎ½Ï Î±ÎºÎ¿ÏγεÏαι ÏÏÏÏÏ, ÏÎ¯Î³Î¿Ï Ïα οι Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬Î´ÎµÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ λειÏÎ¿Ï ÏγοÏν καÏâ Î±Ï ÏÏν Ïον ÏÏÏÏο. ΣκÎÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¹Ï Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬Î´ÎµÏ Ïαν αλγεβÏικά ÏÏμβολα. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, ÏÏον ÏÏαγμαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎºÏÏμο, ο ÏολλαÏλαÏιαÏμÏÏ 5 ίνÏÏÎµÏ ÎµÏί 5 ίνÏÏÎµÏ Î¼Î±Ï Î´Î¯Î½ÎµÎ¹ 25 ÏεÏÏαγÏνικÎÏ Î¯Î½ÏÏεÏ. Πίδια λογική εÏαÏμÏζεÏαι και ÏÏη Sass.</p><p>Îια να ÏÏοÏθÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Î¹Î± μονάδα Ïε Îναν αÏιθμÏ, ÏÏÎÏει να ÏολλαÏλαÏιάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î±Ï ÏÏν Ïον αÏÎ¹Î¸Î¼Ï ÎµÏί <em>1 μονάδα</em>.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">42</span><span class="p">;</span> 105 106<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 107<span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="m">1px</span><span class="p">;</span> 108 109<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 110<span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">px</span><span class="p">;</span> 111</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">42</span> 112 113<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 114<span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="m">1px</span> 115 116<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 117<span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">px</span> 118</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ΣημειÏÏÏε ÏÏι Ïο να ÏÏοÏθÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ <em>0 μÎλη Î±Ï ÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬Î´Î±Ï</em> εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹ÏÎ¿Ï Ïγεί, αλλά θα ÏÏοÏιμοÏÏα να ÏÏοÏÎµÎ¯Î½Ï Ïην ÏÏοαναÏεÏθείÏα μÎθοδο εÏειδή η ÏÏÏÏθεÏη <em>0 μονάδÏν</em> μÏοÏεί να Î¼Î±Ï Î¼ÏεÏδÎÏει. Î ÏάγμαÏι, ÏÏαν ÏÏοÏÏαθοÏμε να μεÏαÏÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Îναν αÏÎ¹Î¸Î¼Ï Ïε μία άλλη ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î±Ïή μονάδα, Ïο να ÏÏοÏθÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïο 0 δεν ÎÏει Ïο αναμενÏμενο αÏοÏÎλεÏμα. ÎÏοÏείÏε να διαβάÏεÏε ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα για Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο θÎμα Ïε <a href="https://css-tricks.
118com/snippets/sass/correctly-adding-unit-number/">Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο άÏθÏο</a>.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">42</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="m">0px</span><span class="p">;</span> 119<span class="c1">// -> 42px</span> 120 121<span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1in</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="m">0px</span><span class="p">;</span> 122<span class="c1">// -> 1in</span> 123 124<span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0px</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="m">1in</span><span class="p">;</span> 125<span class="c1">// -> 96px</span> 126</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">42</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="m">0px</span> 127<span class="c1">// -> 42px</span> 128 129<span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1in</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="m">0px</span> 130<span class="c1">// -> 1in</span> 131 132<span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0px</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="m">1in</span> 133<span class="c1">// -> 96px</span> 134</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Τελικά, ÏÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα εξαÏÏάÏαι αÏÏ Ïο Ïι ÏÏοÏÏÎ±Î¸ÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏεÏÏÏειÏ. ÎÏ Î¼Î®ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏι Ïο να ÏÏοÏθÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïη μονάδα Ïαν string δεν είναι καλÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να ÏÏοÏÏÏήÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ.</p><p>Îια να αÏαιÏÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïη μονάδα αÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î± Ïιμή, ÏÏÎÏει να Ïη διαιÏÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Îµ <em>μια μονάδα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï Ï ÏηÏ</em>.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">42px</span><span class="p">;</span> 135 136<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 137<span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$length</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">1px</span><span class="p">;</span> 138 139<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 140<span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">str-slice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$length</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nf">unquote</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span> 141</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">42px</span> 142 143<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 144<span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$length</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">1px</span> 145 146<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 147<span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">str-slice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$length</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nf">unquote</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">)</span> 148</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Î ÏÏοÏάÏÏηÏη Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬Î´Î±Ï Ïαν string Ïε Îναν αÏÎ¹Î¸Î¼Ï ÎÏει Ïαν αÏοÏÎλεÏμα string, ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¼Ïοδίζει ÏεÏαιÏÎÏÏ ÏÏÎ¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε Î±Ï Ïήν Ïην Ïιμή. ΠδιαÏÏÏιÏμÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏιθμηÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ Î±ÏÎ¹Î¸Î¼Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μια μονάδα εÏίÏÎ·Ï ÎÏει Ïαν αÏοÏÎλεÏμα string. ÎÏ ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ κάÏι ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ θÎλειÏ. <a href="https://kittygiraudel.com/2013/09/03/use-lengths-not-strings/">Use lengths, not strings</a>.</p><h4 id="section-11">Î¥ÏολογιÏμοί</h4><p><strong>Îι αÏιθμηÏικοί Ï ÏολογιÏμοί Ï ÏηλÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιÏÎÎ´Î¿Ï ÏÏÎÏει ÏάνÏα να βÏίÏκονÏαι μÎÏα Ïε ÏαÏενθÎÏειÏ</strong>. ÎÏ Ïή η αÏαίÏηÏη ÏÏι μÏνο βελÏιÏνει δÏαμαÏικά Ïην αναγνÏÏιμÏÏηÏα, αλλά ÏÏολαμβάνει και κάÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÏ Î±ÎºÏÎ±Î¯ÎµÏ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ï ÏοÏÏεÏνονÏÎ±Ï Ïην
148Sass να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏει ÏÎ¹Ï ÏιμÎÏ ÏÏν ÏεÏιεÏομÎνÏν ÏÏν ÏαÏενθÎÏεÏν.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 149<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 150 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="m">100%</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">3</span><span class="p">);</span> 151<span class="p">}</span> 152 153<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 154<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 155 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100%</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">3</span><span class="p">;</span> 156<span class="p">}</span> 157</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 158<span class="nc">.foo</span> 159 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="m">100%</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">3</span><span class="p">)</span> 160 161<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 162<span class="nc">.foo</span> 163 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100%</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="m">3</span> 164</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h4 id="section-12">Îαγικοί αÏιθμοί</h4><p>
164Î âÎαγικÏÏ Î±ÏιθμÏÏâ είναι ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_(programming)#Unnamed_numerical_constants">ÏÎ±Î»Î¹Î¬Ï ÏÏÎ¿Î»Î®Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏμοÏ</a> για Ïην <em>unnamed αÏιθμηÏική ÏÏαθεÏά</em>. ÎαÏικά, είναι αÏλά ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏÎ±Î¯Î¿Ï Î±ÏιθμÏÏ Î¿ οÏÎ¿Î¯Î¿Ï ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î±Î¯Î½ÎµÎ¹ <em>αÏλά να Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏει</em> (<em>just work</em>â¢) ÎµÎ½Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ ÏÏ Î½Î´ÎεÏαι με καμία λογική εξήγηÏη.</p><p>ΠεÏιÏÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÏ ÏÏι <strong>οι μαγικοί αÏιθμοί είναι καÏάÏα και ÏÏÎÏει να αÏοÏεÏγονÏαι ÏάÏη Î¸Ï Ïία</strong>. ÎÏαν δεν καÏαÏÎÏÎ½ÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± βÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Î¹Î± λογική εξήγηÏη γιαÏί ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î±ÏιθμÏÏ Î»ÎµÎ¹ÏÎ¿Ï Ïγεί, ÏÏÏÏθεÏε Îνα εκÏενÎÏ ÏÏÏλιο ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± εξηγεί ÏÏÏ ÎÏÏαÏÎµÏ ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯ και γιαÏί ÏιÏÏεÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏι λειÏÎ¿Ï Ïγεί. Το να ÏαÏαδεÏÏÎµÎ¯Ï ÏÏι δεν ξÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïοιο λÏγο λειÏÎ¿Ï Ïγεί κάÏι, είναι Ïιο βοηθηÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïον εÏÏμενο developer αÏÏ Ïο να Ïον αÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± καÏαλάβει μÏÎ½Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïο μηδÎν Ïι ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î±Î¯Î½ÎµÎ¹.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cm">/** 165 * 1. ÎαγικÏÏ Î±ÏιθμÏÏ. ÎÏ Ïή η Ïιμή είναι η μικÏÏÏεÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏÏα να βÏÏ 166 * για να ÎµÏ Î¸Ï Î³ÏαμμίÏÏ Ïην κοÏÏ Ïή ÏÎ¿Ï `.foo` με Ïον γονÎα ÏÎ¿Ï . 167 * Îδανικά, ÏÏÎÏει να Ïο διοÏθÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ καÏάλληλα. 168 */</span> 169<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 170 <span class="nl">top</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="mi">.327em</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cm">/* 1 */</span> 171<span class="p">}</span> 172</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cm">/** 173</span> <span class="cm">* 1. ÎαγικÏÏ Î±ÏιθμÏÏ. ÎÏ Ïή η Ïιμή είναι η μικÏÏÏεÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏÏα να βÏÏ 174</span> <span class="cm">* για να ÎµÏ Î¸Ï Î³ÏαμμίÏÏ Ïην κοÏÏ Ïή ÏÎ¿Ï `.foo` με Ïον γονÎα ÏÎ¿Ï . 175</span> <span class="cm">* Îδανικά, ÏÏÎÏει να Ïο διοÏθÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ καÏάλληλα. 176</span> <span class="cm">*/ 177</span><span class="nc">.foo</span> 178 <span class="nl">top</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="mi">.327em</span> <span class="o">/*</span> <span class="m">1</span> <span class="o">*/</span> 179</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Î Î¬Î½Ï ÏÏο θÎμα, Ïο CSS-Tricks ÎÏει Îνα <a href="https://css-tricks.com/magic-numbers-in-css/">καÏαÏληκÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î¬ÏθÏο</a> ÏÏεÏικά με Ïα magic numbers ÏÏη CSS Ïο οÏοίο ÏÎ±Ï ÎµÎ½Î¸Î±ÏÏÏÎ½Ï Î½Î± διαβάÏεÏε.</p><h3 id="section-13">ΧÏÏμαÏα</h3><p>Τα ÏÏÏμαÏα ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏημανÏική θÎÏη ÏÏη CSS. Î¦Ï Ïικά, η Sass καÏαλήγει να είναι ÎÎ
179½Î±Ï ÏολÏÏÎ¹Î¼Î¿Ï ÏÏμμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏον αÏοÏά Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏÏÏμάÏÏν, κÏ
ÏίÏÏ ÏÏοÏÏÎÏονÏÎ±Ï ÏολλÎÏ <a href="https://sass-lang.com/documentation/Sass/Script/Functions.html">δÏ
ναÏÎÏ ÏÏ
ναÏÏήÏειÏ</a>.</p><p>Î Sass είναι ÏÏÏο ÏÏήÏιμη Ïε Ï,Ïι ÎÏει να κάνει με Ïην διαÏείÏιÏη ÏÏÏμάÏÏν ÏοÏ
ÎÏοÏ
ν εμÏανιÏÏεί διάÏοÏα άÏθÏα ÏÏο internet ÏÏεÏικά με αÏ
ÏÏ Î±ÎºÏιβÏÏ Ïο θÎμα. ÎÏιÏÏÎÏÏε μοÏ
να ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏ
ÏÏήÏÏ Î¼ÎµÏικά:</p><ul><li><a href="https://kittygiraudel.com/2014/01/30/programmatically-go-from-one-color-to-another-with-sass/">How to Programmatically Go From One Color to Another</a></li><li><a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/using-sass-build-color-palettes/">Using Sass to Build Color Palettes</a></li><li><a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/dealing-color-schemes-sass/">Dealing with Color Schemes in Sass</a></li></ul><h4 id="section-14">ΤÏÏοι ÏÏÏμάÏÏν</h4><p>Îια να ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïα ÏÏÏμαÏα ÏÏο Ïιο αÏλά γίνεÏαι, η ÏÏ
μβοÏ
λή μοÏ
είναι να ÏηÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïην ακÏλοÏ
θη ÏειÏά ÏÏοÏίμηÏÎ·Ï Î³Î¹Î± ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏÏμάÏÏν:</p><ol><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV">ΣÏ
μβολιÏμÏÏ HSL</a>;</li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model">ΣÏ
μβολιÏμÏÏ RGB</a>;</li><li>ÎεκαεξαδικÏÏ ÏÏ
μβολιÏμÏÏ (με μικÏά γÏάμμαÏα και ÏÏ
νÏομεÏ
μÎνοÏ).</li></ol><p>Îεν ÏÏÎÏει να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏνÏαι οι λÎÎ¾ÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ»ÎµÎ¹Î´Î¹Î¬ CSS ÏÏÏμάÏÏν, εκÏÏÏ Î±Î½ ÏÏÏκεÏαι για γÏήγοÏα ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Ïα. Î ÏάγμαÏι, είναι αγγλικÎÏ Î»ÎÎ¾ÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ μεÏικÎÏ Î±ÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÎÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ ÏεÏιγÏάÏοÏ
ν ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î¬ Ïο ÏÏÏμα ÏοÏ
ανÏιÏÏοÏÏÏεÏοÏ
ν, ειδικά για κάÏοιοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
η μηÏÏική ÏοÏ
Ï Î
179³Î»ÏÏÏα δεν είναι Ïα αγγλικά. ÎκÏÏÏ Î±Ï ÏοÏ, οι λÎÎ¾ÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ»ÎµÎ¹Î´Î¹Î¬ δεν είναι αÏÏÎ»Ï Ïα ÏÏÏÏÎÏ ÎµÎ½Î½Î¿Î¹Î¿Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÎºÎ¬Â· για ÏαÏάδειγμα Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grey</code> (γκÏι) είναι ÏÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα Ïιο ÏκοÏÏο αÏÏ Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">darkgrey</code> (ÏκοÏÏο γκÏι), και η ÏÏγÏÏ Ïη μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏÎ¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grey</code> και ÏÎ¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">gray</code> μÏοÏεί να οδηγήÏει Ïε ανÏιÏαÏικÎÏ ÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏμαÏοÏ.</p><p>Î ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¿Î»Î¹ÏμÏÏ HSL είναι ÏÏι μÏνο ο Ïιο ÎµÏ ÎºÎ±ÏανÏηÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïο ανθÏÏÏινο Î¼Ï Î±Î»Ï, αλλά εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î´Î¹ÎµÏ ÎºÎ¿Î»Ïνει ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏ Î³Î³ÏαÏÎµÎ¯Ï ÏÏν stylesheet να Î±Î»Î»Î¬Î¾Î¿Ï Î½ Ïο ÏÏÏμα, εÏεμβαίνονÏÎ±Ï ÏÏα hue (αÏÏÏÏÏÏη), saturation (κοÏεÏμÏÏ), και lightness (ÏÏÏεινÏÏηÏα) ξεÏÏÏιÏÏά.</p><p>Το RGB ÎÏει Ïο ÏλεονÎκÏημα ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± δείÏνει αμÎÏÏÏ Î±Î½ Ïο ÏÏÏμα αÏοÏελείÏαι αÏÏ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο μÏλε, ÏÏάÏινο ή κÏκκινο. Î£Ï Î½ÎµÏÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να είναι καλÏÏεÏο αÏÏ Ïο HSL Ïε οÏιÏμÎÎ½ÎµÏ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏειÏ, ειδικά ÏÏαν ÏεÏιγÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Îνα καθαÏÏ ÎºÏκκινο, ÏÏάÏινο ή μÏλε. ΩÏÏÏÏο δεν είναι εÏκολο να âÏÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµâ Îνα ÏÏÏμα αÏÏ Ïα ÏÏία μÎÏη.</p><p>ΤÎλοÏ, Ïο Î´ÎµÎºÎ±ÎµÎ¾Î±Î´Î¹ÎºÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏεδÏν ακαÏανÏηÏο για Ïο ανθÏÏÏινο Î¼Ï Î±Î»Ï. ΧÏηÏιμοÏοίηÏÎ Ïο μÏνο Ïαν ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Ïαία λÏÏη αν ÏÏÎÏει.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 180<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 181 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">hsl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">50%</span><span class="p">);</span> 182<span class="p">}</span> 183 184<span class="c1">// Also yep</span> 185<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 186 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">rgb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">255</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span> 187<span class="p">}</span> 188 189<span class="c1">// Meh</span> 190<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 191 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mh">#f00</span><span class="p">;</span> 192<span class="p">}</span> 193 194<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 195<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 196 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mh">#FF0000</span><span class="p">;</span> 197<span class="p">}</span> 198 199<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 200<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 201 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span><span class="p">;</span> 202<span class="p">}</span> 203</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> 204 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">hsl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">50%</span><span class="p">)</span> 205 206<span class="c1">// Also yep</span> 207<span class="nc">.foo</span> 208 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">rgb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">255</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">)</span> 209 210<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 211<span class="nc">.foo</span> 212 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mh">#f00</span> 213 214<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 215<span class="nc">.foo</span> 216 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mh">#FF0000</span> 217 218<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 219<span class="nc">.foo</span> 220 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span> 221</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏαν ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¿Î»Î¹ÏÎ¼Ï HSL ή RGB, ÏάνÏα να ÏÏοÏθÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα ÎºÎµÎ½Ï Î¼ÎµÏά Ïο κÏμμα (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">,</code>) και καθÏÎ»Î¿Ï ÎºÎµÎ½Î¬ μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏÏν ÏαÏενθÎÏεÏν (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">(</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">)</code>
221) και ÏÎ¿Ï ÏεÏιεÏομÎÎ½Î¿Ï .</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 222<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 223 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">rgba</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="mi">.1</span><span class="p">);</span> 224 <span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">hsl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">300</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="p">);</span> 225<span class="p">}</span> 226 227<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 228<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 229 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">rgba</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="mi">.1</span><span class="p">);</span> 230 <span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">hsl</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="m">300</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">100%</span> <span class="p">);</span> 231<span class="p">}</span> 232</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 233<span class="nc">.foo</span> 234 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">rgba</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="mi">.1</span><span class="p">)</span> 235 <span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">hsl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">300</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="p">)</span> 236 237<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 238<span class="nc">.foo</span> 239 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">rgba</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="mi">.1</span><span class="p">)</span> 240 <span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">hsl</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="m">300</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">100%</span> <span class="p">)</span> 241</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h4 id="section-15">ΧÏÏμαÏα και μεÏαβληÏÎÏ</h4><p>ÎÏαν ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï Îνα ÏÏÏμα ÏÎ¬Î½Ï Î±ÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î± ÏοÏά, αÏÎ¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ ÏÎ Ïο Ïε μια μεÏαβληÏή με Ïνομα ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± ÎÏει νÏημα και να ανÏιÏÏοÏÏÏεÏει Ïο ÏÏÏμα.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$sass-pink</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">hsl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">330</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">50%</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">60%</span><span class="p">);</span> 242</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$sass-pink</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">hsl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">330</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">50%</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">60%</span><span class="p">)</span> 243</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ΤÏÏα είÏαι ελεÏθεÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïη μεÏαβληÏή ÏÏοÏε θÎλειÏ. ΠαÏÏλα Î±Ï Ïά, αν η ÏÏήÏη είναι ÏÏενά ÏÏ Î½Î´ÎµÎ´ÎµÎ¼Îνη με Îνα θÎμα, θα ÏÏÏÏεινα να μην ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏαι η μεÏαβληÏή ÏÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹. ÎνÏâ Î±Ï ÏοÏ, αÏÎ¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ ÏÎ Ïο Ïε μια άλλη μεÏαβληÏή με Ïνομα ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± εξηγεί ÏÏÏ Î¸Î± ÎÏÏεÏε να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏαι.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$main-theme-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$sass-pink</span><span class="p">;</span> 244</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$main-theme-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$sass-pink</span> 245</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Îε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïον ÏÏÏÏο ÏÏÎ¿Î»Î±Î¼Î²Î¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μια αλλαγή θÎμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± οδηγεί Ïε κάÏι Ïαν Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">$sass-pink: blue</code>. <a href="https://davidwalsh.name/sass-color-variables-dont-suck">ÎÏ ÏÏ Ïο άÏθÏο</a> κάνει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î® Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬ ÏÏο να εξηγήÏει Ïο ÏÏÏο ÏημανÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ να δÏÏεÏε ÏÏοÏοÏή ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÎÏ ÏÏÏμάÏÏν.</p><h4 id="section-16">ÎάνονÏÎ±Ï Ïα ÏÏÏμαÏα Ïιο ÏÏÏεινά και Ïιο ÏκÏÏ Ïα</h4><p>ΤÏÏο η ÏÏ Î½Î¬ÏÏηÏη <a href="https://sass-lang.com/documentation/Sass/Script/Functions.html#lighten-instance_method"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">
245lighten</code></a> ÏÏο και η <a href="https://sass-lang.com/documentation/Sass/Script/Functions.html#darken-instance_method"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">darken</code></a> ÏÏοÏοÏοιοÏν Ïην ÏÏÏεινÏÏηÏα ενÏÏ ÏÏÏμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏο διάÏÏημα HSL ÏÏοÏθÎÏονÏÎ±Ï Î® αÏαιÏÏνÏÎ±Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïη ÏÏÏεινÏÏηÏα Ïε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο διάÏÏημα. ÎαÏικά, δεν είναι ÏίÏοÏα ÏαÏαÏÎ¬Î½Ï Î±ÏÏ ÏεÏ
δÏνÏ
μα για Ïην ÏαÏάμεÏÏο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">$lightness</code> ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏ
νάÏÏηÏÎ·Ï <a href="https://sass-lang.com/documentation/Sass/Script/Functions.html#adjust_color-instance_method"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">adjust-color</code></a>.</p><p>Το θÎμα είναι ÏÏι αÏ
ÏÎÏ Î¿Î¹ ÏÏ
ναÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏ
Ïνά δεν ÏαÏÎÏοÏ
ν Ïο αναμενÏμενο αÏοÏÎλεÏμα. ÎÏÏ Ïην άλλη η ÏÏ
νάÏÏηÏη <a href="https://sass-lang.com/documentation/Sass/Script/Functions.html#mix-instance_method"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mix</code></a>
245 είναι ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏÎ±Î¯Î¿Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïιο ÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Î½Ï Î® Ïιο ÏκοÏÏο Îνα ÏÏÏμα αναμιγνÏονÏÎ¬Ï Ïο είÏε με Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">white</code> (άÏÏÏο) ή με Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">black</code> (μαÏÏο).</p><p>Το ÏλεονÎκÏημα ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mix</code> ανÏί για κάÏοια αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Ïο ÏÏοαναÏεÏθείÏÎµÏ ÏÏ Î½Î±ÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏι Ïηγαίνει ÏÏÎ¿Î¿Î´ÎµÏ Ïικά ÏÏο μαÏÏο (ή Ïο άÏÏÏο) καθÏÏ Î¼ÎµÎ¹ÏÎ½ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïο ÏοÏοÏÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏμαÏοÏ, ÎµÎ½Ï Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">darken</code> και Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">lighten</code> Ï ÏεÏκαλÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ γÏήγοÏα Ïλο Ïο ÏÏÏμα με μαÏÏο ή άÏÏÏο.</p><figure role="group"><picture> <source sizes="100vw" type="image/avif" srcset="/assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_small.avif 540w, /assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_medium.avif 900w, /assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_large.avif 1200w, /assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_huge.avif 1590w" /> <source sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_small.webp 540w, /assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_medium.webp 900w, /assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_large.webp 1200w, /assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_huge.webp 1590w" /> <img data-proofer-ignore="" alt="ÎικονογÏάÏηÏη ÏÏν διαÏοÏÏν μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï lighten/darken και mix αÏÏ Ïην KatieK " sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" srcset="/assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_small.png 540w, /assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_medium.png 900w, /assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_large.png 1200w, /assets/images/lighten-darken-mix_huge.png 1590w" /> </picture><figcaption>ÎικονογÏάÏηÏη ÏÏν διαÏοÏÏν μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">lighten</code>/<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">darken</code> και <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mix</code> αÏÏ Ïην <a href="https://codepen.io/KatieK2/pen/tejhz/">KatieK</a></figcaption></figure><p>Îν δεν θÎÎ»ÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± γÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïη ÏÏ Î½Î¬ÏÏηÏη <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mix</code> κάθε ÏοÏά, μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î´Ïο εÏÏÏηÏÏÎµÏ ÏÏ Î½Î±ÏÏήÏειÏ, Ïην <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tint</code> και Ïην <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">shade</code> (οι οÏÎ¿Î¯ÎµÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î¼ÎÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï <a href="http://compass-style.org/reference/compass/helpers/colors/#shade">Compass</a>) για να ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïο ίδιο ÏÏάγμα:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// ΦÏÏιÏε ελαÏÏά Îνα ÏÏÏμα</span> 246<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 247<span class="c1">/// @param {Color} $color - ÏÏÏμα Ïο οÏοίο θα εÏεξεÏγαÏÏοÏμε</span> 248<span class="c1">/// @param {Number} $percentage - Ïο ÏοÏοÏÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï `$color` Ïο οÏοίο θα ÏεÏιÎÏεÏαι μÎÏα ÏÏο ÏÏÏμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± εÏιÏÏÏαÏεί</span> 249<span class="c1">/// @return {Color}</span> 250<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">tint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$color</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$percentage</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 251 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nf">mix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="no">white</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$color</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$percentage</span><span class="p">);</span> 252<span class="p">}</span> 253 254<span class="c1">/// ΣκοÏÏÏ Î½Îµ ελαÏÏά Îνα ÏÏÏμα</span> 255<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 256<span class="c1">/// @param {Color} $color - ÏÏÏμα Ïο οÏοίο θα ÏÎºÎ¿Ï ÏÏνει</span> 257<span class="c1">/// @param {Number} $percentage - Ïο ÏοÏοÏÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï `$color` Ïο οÏοίο θα ÏεÏιÎÏεÏαι μÎÏα ÏÏο ÏÏÏμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± εÏιÏÏÏαÏεί</span> 258<span class="c1">/// @return {Color}</span> 259<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">
259shade</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$color</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$percentage</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 260 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nf">mix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="no">black</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$color</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$percentage</span><span class="p">);</span> 261<span class="p">}</span> 262</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// ΦÏÏιÏε ελαÏÏά Îνα ÏÏÏμα</span> 263<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 264<span class="c1">/// @param {Color} $color - ÏÏÏμα Ïο οÏοίο θα εÏεξεÏγαÏÏοÏμε</span> 265<span class="c1">/// @param {Number} $percentage - Ïο ÏοÏοÏÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï `$color` Ïο οÏοίο θα ÏεÏιÎÏεÏαι μÎÏα ÏÏο ÏÏÏμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± εÏιÏÏÏαÏεί</span> 266<span class="c1">/// @return {Color}</span> 267<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">tint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$color</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$percentage</span><span class="p">)</span> 268 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nf">mix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$color</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$percentage</span><span class="p">)</span> 269 270<span class="c1">/// ΣκοÏÏÏ Î½Îµ ελαÏÏά Îνα ÏÏÏμα</span> 271<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 272<span class="c1">/// @param {Color} $color - ÏÏÏμα Ïο οÏοίο θα ÏÎºÎ¿Ï ÏÏνει</span> 273<span class="c1">/// @param {Number} $percentage - Ïο ÏοÏοÏÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï `$color` Ïο οÏοίο θα ÏεÏιÎÏεÏαι μÎÏα ÏÏο ÏÏÏμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± εÏιÏÏÏαÏεί</span> 274<span class="c1">/// @return {Color}</span> 275<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">shade</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$color</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$percentage</span><span class="p">)</span> 276 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nf">mix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$color</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="no">black</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$percentage</span><span class="p">)</span> 277</code></pre></div></div></div></div><div class="note"><p>Î ÏÏ Î½Î¬ÏÏηÏη <a href="https://sass-lang.com/documentation/Sass/Script/Functions.html#scale_color-instance_method"><code>scale-color</code></a> είναι ÏÏεδιαÏμÎνη ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏε να Î±Ï Î¾Î¿Î¼ÎµÎ¹Ïνει Ïιο ομαλά Ïα properties λαμβάνονÏÎ±Ï Ï ÏÏÏη ÏÏÏο Ï Ïηλά η Ïαμηλά είναι ήδη. ΠαÏάγει αÏοÏελÎÏμαÏα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Ïο ίδιο ÏμοÏÏα με Ïα αÏοÏελÎÏμαÏα ÏÎ·Ï <code>mix</code> αλλά με Ïιο καθαÏÎÏ ÎºÎ»Î®ÏειÏ. ΩÏÏÏÏο ο ÏÏ Î½ÏελεÏÏÎ®Ï ÏÏοÏαÏξηÏÎ·Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ είναι ακÏιβÏÏ Î¿ ίδιοÏ.</p></div><h3 id="section-17">ÎίÏÏεÏ</h3><p>Îι λίÏÏÎµÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ οι ÏÎ¯Î½Î±ÎºÎµÏ ÏÎ·Ï Sass. Îια λίÏÏα είναι μια εÏίÏεδη δομή δεδομÎνÏν (Ïε ανÏίθεÏη με Ïα <a href="#maps">maps</a>) ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏει Ïαν ÏκοÏÏ Î½Î± αÏοθηκεÏει ÏιμÎÏ Î¿ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î´Î®ÏοÏε ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï (ακÏμη και λίÏÏεÏ, ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Î±Ï Î¿Î´Î·Î³ÎµÎ¯ Ïε εμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Î¼ÎÎ½ÎµÏ Î»Î¯ÏÏεÏ).</p><p>Îι λίÏÏÎµÏ ÏÏÎÏει να Î±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï Î¸Î¿Ïν Ïα ÎµÎ¾Î®Ï guidelines:</p><ul><li>είÏε Ïε μία ÏειÏά, ή Ïε ÏολλÎÏ·</li><li>αναγκαÏÏικά Ïε ÏολλÎÏ ÏειÏÎÏ Î±Î½ δεν ÏÏÏάνε Ïε γÏαμμή 80 ÏαÏακÏήÏÏν·</li><li>αν δεν ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏνÏαι Î±Ï ÏοÏÏÎ¹ÎµÏ Î³Î¹Î± ÏκοÏοÏÏ CSS, ÏάνÏα να διαÏÏÏίζονÏαι με κÏμμα·</li><li>ÏάνÏα να ÏεÏικλείονÏαι αÏÏ ÏαÏενθÎÏειÏ·</li><li>να ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ κÏμμα ÏÏο ÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î³ÏÎ±Î¼Î¼Î®Ï Î±Î½ εÏεκÏείνονÏαι Ïε ÏολλÎÏ ÏειÏÎÏ, να μην ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ αν είναι ÏÏην ίδια ÏειÏά.</li></ul><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 278<span class="nv">$font-stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Helvetica'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'Arial'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">sans-serif</span><span class="p">);</span> 279 280<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 281<span class="nv">$font-stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> 282 <span class="s1">'Helvetica'</span><span class="o">,</span> 283 <span class="s1">'Arial'</span><span class="o">,</span> 284 <span class="nb">sans-serif</span><span class="o">,</span> 285<span class="p">);</span> 286 287<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 288<span class="nv">$font-stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'Helvetica'</span> <span class="s1">'Arial'</span> <span class="nb">sans-serif</span><span class="p">;</span> 289 290<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 291<span class="nv">$font-stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'Helvetica'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'Arial'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">sans-serif</span><span class="p">;</span> 292 293<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 294<span class="nv">$font-stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Helvetica'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'Arial'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">sans-serif</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="p">);</span> 295</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 296<span class="nv">$font-stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Helvetica'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'Arial'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">sans-serif</span><span class="p">)</span> 297 298<span class="c1">// Nope (not supported)</span> 299<span class="nv">$font-stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> 300 <span class="s1">'Helvetica'</span><span class="o">,</span> 301 <span class="s1">'Arial'</span><span class="o">,</span> 302 <span class="nt">sans-serif</span><span class="o">,</span> 303<span class="o">)</span> 304 305<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 306<span class="nv">$font-stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'Helvetica'</span> <span class="s1">'Arial'</span> <span class="nb">sans-serif</span> 307 308<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 309<span class="nv">$font-stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'Helvetica'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'Arial'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">sans-serif</span> 310 311<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 312<span class="nv">$font-stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Helvetica'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'Arial'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">sans-serif</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="p">)</span> 313</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏαν ÏÏοÏθÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Îα ανÏικείμενα Ïε μια λίÏÏα, να ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï ÏάνÏα Ïο ÏαÏεÏÏμενο API. Îην Î´Î¿ÎºÎ¹Î¼Î¬Î¶ÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± ÏÏοÏθÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Îα ανÏικείμενα ÏειÏοκίνηÏα.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">42px</span> <span class="m">13</span><span class="mi">.37px</span> <span class="no">hotpink</span><span class="p">);</span> 314 315<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 316<span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$shadow</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">comma</span><span class="p">);</span> 317 318<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 319<span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$shadow</span><span class="p">;</span> 320</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">42px</span> <span class="m">13</span><span class="mi">.37px</span> <span class="no">hotpink</span><span class="p">)</span> 321 322<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 323<span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$shadow</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">comma</span><span class="p">)</span> 324 325<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 326<span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$shadow</span> 327</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Σε <a href="https://kittygiraudel.com/2013/07/15/understanding-sass-lists/">Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο άÏθÏο</a>, ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏοÏÏÎÏÏ Î±ÏκεÏÎÏ ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¿Ï Î»ÎÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ κÏλÏα για Ïο ÏÏÏ Î½Î± διαÏειÏιÏÏείÏε ÏÏÏÏά lists ÏÏη Sass.</p><h3 id="maps">Maps</h3><p>
327Îε Ïην Sass 3.3, οι ÏÏ Î³Î³ÏαÏÎµÎ¯Ï ÏÏν stylesheet μÏοÏοÏν να οÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î½ maps â Ïον ÏÏο ÏÏη Sass για ÏÎ¿Ï Ï #fixme ÏÏεÏιÏÏικοÏÏ ÏίνακεÏ, Ïα hash ή ακÏμη και Ïα ανÏικείμενα Javascript. Το map είναι μια δομή δεδομÎνÏν ÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î½ÏιÏÏοιÏίζει κλειδιά με ÏιμÎÏ. Îαι Ïα κλειδιά αλλά και οι ÏιμÎÏ Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να είναι οÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î´Î®ÏοÏε ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ´Î¿Î¼ÎνÏν, ακÏμη και maps, αν και δεν θα ÏÏ Î½Î¹ÏÏοÏÏα Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏÏνθεÏÏν ÏÏÏÏν δεδομÎνÏν Ïαν κλειδιά ενÏÏ map, Î±Ï ÎµÎ¯Î¼Î±ÏÏε λίγο λογικοί.</p><p>Τα maps ÏÏÎÏει να είναι γÏαμμÎνα ÏÏ ÎµÎ¾Î®Ï:</p><ul><li>ÎºÎµÎ½Ï Î¼ÎµÏά Ïην Î¬Î½Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ κάÏÏ Ïελεία (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">:</code>)·</li><li>άνοιγμα ÏαÏÎνθεÏÎ·Ï (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">(</code>) ÏÏην ίδια γÏαμμή με Ïην Î¬Î½Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ κάÏÏ Ïελεία·</li><li><strong>κλειδιά Ïε ειÏαγÏγικά</strong> αν είναι strings (ÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î½Î±ÏαÏιÏÏά Ïο 99% ÏÏν ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏν)·</li><li>κάθε Î¶ÎµÏ Î³Î¬Ïι κλειδιοÏ/ÏÎ¹Î¼Î®Ï Î¼Ïνο ÏÎ¿Ï Ïε νÎα ÏειÏά·</li><li>κÏμμα (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">,</code>) ÏÏο ÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÎºÎ¬Î¸Îµ κλειδιοÏ/ÏιμήÏ·</li><li><strong>κÏμμα ÏÏο ÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏειÏάÏ</strong> (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">,</code>) ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ±Î¯Î¿Ï Î±Î½ÏικειμÎÎ½Î¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να να είναι Ïιο εÏκολο να ÏÏοÏθÎÏειÏ, να αÏαιÏÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î® να ανακαÏαÏÎ¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïα ανÏικείμενα·</li><li>κλείÏιμο ÏαÏÎνθεÏÎ·Ï (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">,</code>) Ïε νÎα, δική ÏÎ·Ï Î³Ïαμμή·</li><li>ÏÏι ÎºÎµÎ½Ï Î® νÎα γÏαμμή μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ±Î¯Î±Ï ÏαÏÎνθεÏÎ·Ï (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">)</code>) και ÏÎ¿Ï semi-colon (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">;</code>).</li></ul><p>ΠαÏάδειγμα:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 328<span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> 329 <span class="s1">'small'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">767px</span><span class="o">,</span> 330 <span class="s1">'medium'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">992px</span><span class="o">,</span> 331 <span class="s1">'large'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="o">,</span> 332<span class="p">);</span> 333 334<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 335<span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">small</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">767px</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">medium</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">992px</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">large</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span> <span class="p">);</span> 336</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 337<span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'small'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">767px</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'medium'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">992px</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'large'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="p">)</span> 338 339<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 340<span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="s1">'small'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">767px</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'medium'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">992px</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'large'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span> <span class="p">)</span> 341 342<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 343<span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">small</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">767px</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">medium</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">992px</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">large</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="p">)</span> 344 345<span class="c1">// Nope (since it is not supported)</span> 346<span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> 347 <span class="err">'</span><span class="na">small</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">767px</span><span class="o">,</span> 348 <span class="err">'</span><span class="na">medium</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">992px</span><span class="o">,</span> 349 <span class="err">'</span><span class="na">
349large</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="o">,</span> 350<span class="o">)</span> 351</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Τα αÏθÏα ÏÏεÏικά με Ïα Sass maps είναι Ïολλά και ÏÏÎ¿Î´Î¯Î´Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÏÏο ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏÏθηÏο ήÏαν Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏικÏ. ÎÎ´Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ 3 άÏθÏα ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏ ÏÏÎ®Î½Ï Î½Î± διαβάÏεÏε: <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/using-sass-maps/">Using Sass Maps</a>, <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/extra-map-functions-sass/">Extra Map functions in Sass</a>, <a href="http://blog.grayghostvisuals.com/sass/real-sass-real-maps/">Real Sass, Real Maps</a>.</p><h3 id="css">Î£ÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î½ÏνÏν CSS</h3><p>Σε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο Ïημείο, Î±Ï ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÎºÎ¬ÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î± εÏανάληÏη ÏÏÏν γνÏÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ Ïλοι, αλλά οÏίÏÏε ÏÏÏ ÏÏÎÏει να γÏάÏεÏαι Îνα ÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î½ÏνÏν CSS (ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¬ÏιÏÏον ÏÏμÏÏνα με Ïα ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα guidelines, ÏÏ Î¼ÏεÏιλαμβανομÎνÏν και ÏÏν <a href="https://cssguidelin.es/#anatomy-of-a-ruleset">CSS Guidelines</a>):</p><ul><li>ÏÏεÏικοί selectors ÏÏην ίδια γÏαμμή· άÏÏεÏοι selectors Ïε νÎÎµÏ Î³ÏαμμÎÏ·</li><li>η αγκÏλη ÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î½Î¿Î¯Î³ÎµÎ¹ ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î·Î»ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">{</code>) να ÏÏÏίζεÏαι αÏÏ Ïον ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Ïαίο selector με Îνα κενÏ·</li><li>κάθε δήλÏÏη να είναι Ïε νÎα, δική ÏÎ·Ï Î³Ïαμμή·</li><li>Îνα ÎºÎµÎ½Ï Î¼ÎµÏά Ïην Î¬Î½Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ κάÏÏ Ïελεία (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">:</code>)·</li><li>Îνα semi-colon (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">;</code>) ÏÏο ÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÏλÏν ÏÏν δηλÏÏεÏν·</li><li>η αγκÏλη ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ»ÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¹ ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î·Î»ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">}</code>) να είναι Ïε νÎα, δική ÏÎ·Ï Î³Ïαμμή·</li><li>μία νÎα γÏαμμή μεÏά Ïην ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Ïαία αγκÏλη <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">}</code>.</li></ul><p>ΠαÏάδειγμα:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 352<span class="nc">.foo</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">.foo-bar</span><span class="o">,</span> 353<span class="nc">.baz</span> <span class="p">{</span> 354 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span><span class="p">;</span> 355 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span><span class="p">;</span> 356 <span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="nb">auto</span><span class="p">;</span> 357<span class="p">}</span> 358 359<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 360<span class="nc">.foo</span><span class="o">,</span> 361<span class="nc">.foo-bar</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">.baz</span> <span class="p">{</span> 362 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span><span class="p">;</span> 363 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span><span class="p">;</span> 364 <span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="nb">auto</span> <span class="p">}</span> 365</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 366<span class="nc">.foo</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">.foo-bar</span><span class="o">,</span> 367<span class="nc">.baz</span> 368 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span> 369 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span> 370 <span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="nb">auto</span> 371 372<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 373<span class="nc">.foo</span><span class="o">,</span> 374<span class="nc">.foo-bar</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">.baz</span> 375 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span> 376 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span> 377 <span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="nb">auto</span> 378</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏιÏÏÏÏθεÏα με Î±Ï Ïά Ïα guidelines ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏεÏικά με CSS, θÎÎ»Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ να δÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏοÏοÏή και ÏÏα ÏαÏακάÏÏ:</p><ul><li>ÏοÏικÎÏ Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î´Î·Î»ÏνονÏαι ÏÏιν αÏÏ ÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î·Î»ÏÏειÏ, και ÏÏÏίζονÏαι αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î·Î»ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Îµ μια νÎα γÏαμμή·</li><li>κλήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε mixin ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@content</code> και εμÏανίζονÏαι ÏÏιν αÏÏ ÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î·Î»ÏÏειÏ·</li><li>ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎµÎ¼ÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Î¼ÎÎ½Î¿Ï Ï selectors ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¼ÏανίζονÏαι ÏάνÏα μεÏά αÏÏ Î½Îα γÏαμμή·</li><li>κλήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε mixin ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@content</code> και εμÏανίζονÏαι μεÏά αÏÏ ÎµÎ¼ÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Î¼Îνο selector·</li><li>ÏÏι νÎα γÏαμμή ÏÏιν Ïην ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Ïαία αγκÏλη (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">}</code>).</li></ul><p>ΠαÏάδειγμα:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">.foo-bar</span><span class="o">,</span> 379<span class="nc">.baz</span> <span class="p">{</span> 380 <span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">42em</span><span class="p">;</span> 381 382 <span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">ellipsis</span><span class="p">;</span> 383 <span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">);</span> 384 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span><span class="p">;</span> 385 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span><span class="p">;</span> 386 <span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="nb">auto</span><span class="p">;</span> 387 388 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nd">:hover</span> <span class="p">{</span> 389 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span><span class="p">;</span> 390 <span class="p">}</span> 391 392 <span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">respond-to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'small'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 393 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">visible</span><span class="p">;</span> 394 <span class="p">}</span> 395<span class="p">}</span> 396</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nc">.foo-bar</span><span class="o">,</span> 397<span class="nc">.baz</span> 398 <span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">42em</span> 399 400 <span class="nd">+ellipsis</span> 401 <span class="nd">+size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$length</span><span class="p">)</span> 402 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span> 403 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span> 404 <span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="nb">auto</span> 405 406 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nd">:hover</span> 407 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span> 408 409 <span class="nd">+respond-to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'small'</span><span class="p">)</span> 410 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">visible</span> 411</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h3 id="section-18">ΤαξινÏμηÏη ÏÏν δηλÏÏεÏν</h3><p>Îεν μÏοÏÏ Î½Î± ÏκεÏÏÏ Ïολλά θÎμαÏα ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¿Î¹ αÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î´Î¹Î¯ÏÏανÏαι ÏÏÏο ÏÏο Î±Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏοÏοÏν Ïην ÏαξινÏμηÏη ÏÏν δηλÏÏεÏν ÏÏη CSS. Î£Ï Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎνα, Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ δÏο ÏαÏαÏÎ¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ´Ï:</p><ul><li>ÏαÏαμονή ÏÏην αλβαÏηÏική ÏαξινÏμηÏη·</li><li>ÏαξινÏμηÏη δηλÏÏεÏν καÏά ÏÏÏο (position, display, colors, font, διάÏοÏαâ¦).</li></ul><p>Î¥ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏλεονεκÏήμαÏα και μειονεκÏήμαÏα και ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´Ïο ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï. ÎÏÏ Ïη μία, η αλÏαβηÏική ÏαξινÏμηÏη είναι καθολική (ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¬ÏιÏÏον για ÏÎ¹Ï Î³Î»ÏÏÏÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν Ïο λαÏÎ¹Î½Î¹ÎºÏ Î±Î»ÏάβηÏο) και ÎÏÏι δεν Ï ÏάÏÏει εÏιÏείÏημα για Ïην ÏαξινÏμηÏη ενÏÏ property ÏÏιν αÏÏ Îνα άλλο. ΠαÏÏλα Î±Ï Ïά Î¼Î¿Ï ÏαίνεÏαι εξαιÏεÏικά ÏεÏίεÏγο να βλÎÏÏ properties Ï
411ÏÏÏ Ïα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">bottom</code> και <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">top</code> να μην είναι ακÏιβÏÏ Î´Î¯Ïλα Ïο Îνα ÏÏο άλλο. ÎιαÏί θα âÏÏεÏε Ïα animations να εμÏανίζονÏαι ÏÏιν Ïο display type; Î¥ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏολλÎÏ ÏαÏαξενιÎÏ Î¼Îµ Ïην αλÏαβηÏική ÏαξινÏμηÏη.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 412 <span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">black</span><span class="p">;</span> 413 <span class="nl">bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span> 414 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span> 415 <span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span> 416 <span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="mi">.5em</span><span class="p">;</span> 417 <span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span><span class="p">;</span> 418 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span><span class="p">;</span> 419 <span class="nl">position</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">absolute</span><span class="p">;</span> 420 <span class="nl">right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span> 421 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span><span class="p">;</span> 422<span class="p">}</span> 423</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> 424 <span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">black</span> 425 <span class="nl">bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> 426 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span> 427 <span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span> 428 <span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="mi">.5em</span> 429 <span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span> 430 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span> 431 <span class="nl">position</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">absolute</span> 432 <span class="nl">right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> 433 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span> 434</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏÏ Ïην άλλη, η ÏαξινÏμηÏη ÏÏν properties καÏά ÏÏÏο βγάζει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î½Ïημα. ÎÎ»ÎµÏ Î¿Î¹ δηλÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏεÏικÎÏ Î¼Îµ fonts είναι ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎ½ÏÏÏμÎνεÏ, Ïα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">top</code> και <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">bottom</code> εÏανενÏνονÏαι και Ïο διάβαÏμα ενÏÏ ruleset μοιάζει κάÏÏÏ Î¼Îµ Ïο διάβαÏμα Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î¼Î¹ÎºÏÎ®Ï Î¹ÏÏοÏίαÏ. Îλλά εκÏÏÏ Î±Î½ ÏαÏÎ±Î¼ÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε οÏιÏμÎÎ½ÎµÏ ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¬ÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÏÏ Ïο <a href="https://github.com/necolas/idiomatic-css">Idiomatic CSS</a>, Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïολλά ÏεÏιθÏÏια εÏÎ¼Î·Î½ÎµÎ¯Î±Ï Ïε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïον ÏÏÏÏο δÏάÏηÏ. Î Î¿Ï Î¸Î± Ïήγαινε Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">white-space</code>: ÏÏο font ή ÏÏο display; Î Î¿Ï Î±ÎºÏιβÏÏ Î±Î½Î®ÎºÎµÎ¹ Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">overflow</code>; Ποια είναι η ÏειÏά ÏÏν properties μÎÏα Ïε Îνα γκÏÎ¿Ï Ï (θα μÏοÏοÏÏε να είναι αλÏαβηÏική, Ïι ειÏÏνία);</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 435 <span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span><span class="p">;</span> 436 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span><span class="p">;</span> 437 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span><span class="p">;</span> 438 <span class="nl">position</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">absolute</span><span class="p">;</span> 439 <span class="nl">bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span> 440 <span class="nl">right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span> 441 <span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">black</span><span class="p">;</span> 442 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span> 443 <span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span> 444 <span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="mi">.5em</span><span class="p">;</span> 445<span class="p">}</span> 446</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> 447 <span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span> 448 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span> 449 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span> 450 <span class="nl">position</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">absolute</span> 451 <span class="nl">bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> 452 <span class="nl">right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> 453 <span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">black</span> 454 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span> 455 <span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span> 456 <span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="mi">.5em</span> 457</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Î¥ÏάÏÏει εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î±ÎºÏμη Îνα ενδιαÏÎÏον Ï ÏοδÎνδÏο ÏαξινÏμηÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±Ïά ÏÏÏο ÏÎ¿Ï Î»ÎγεÏαι <a href="https://github.com/brandon-rhodes/Concentric-CSS">ÎμÏκενÏÏη (Concentric) CSS</a> και ÏαίνεÏαι να είναι εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î±ÏκεÏά δημοÏιλÎÏ. ÎαÏικά, η ÎμÏκενÏÏη CSS βαÏίζεÏαι ÏÏο box-model για να για να οÏίÏει μια ÏειÏά: ξεκινάει αÏÏ ÎÎ¾Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏοÏÏÏάει ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïα μÎÏα.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 458 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span><span class="p">;</span> 459 <span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span><span class="p">;</span> 460 <span class="nl">position</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">absolute</span><span class="p">;</span> 461 <span class="nl">right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span> 462 <span class="nl">bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span> 463 <span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">black</span><span class="p">;</span> 464 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span><span class="p">;</span> 465 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span> 466 <span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span> 467 <span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="mi">.5em</span><span class="p">;</span> 468<span class="p">}</span> 469</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> 470 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span> 471 <span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100px</span> 472 <span class="nl">position</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">absolute</span> 473 <span class="nl">right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> 474 <span class="nl">bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> 475 <span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">black</span> 476 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span> 477 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span> 478 <span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span> 479 <span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="mi">.5em</span> 480</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Î ÏÎÏει να ÏÏ ÏÏι οÏÏε ÎµÎ³Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ μÏοÏÏ Î½Î± αÏοÏαÏίÏÏ. Îία <a href="https://css-tricks.
480com/poll-results-how-do-you-order-your-css-properties/">ÏÏÏÏÏαÏη δημοÏκÏÏηÏη ÏÏο CSS-Tricks</a> είÏε ÏÏ Î±ÏοÏÎλεÏμα ÏÏι ÏÎ¬Î½Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïο 45% ÏÏν developers Ïαξινομεί ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î·Î»ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Ïά ÏÏÏο ÎµÎ½Ï Ïο 14% Ïαξινομεί αλÏαβηÏικά. ÎκÏμη, Ï ÏάÏÏει κι Îνα 39% ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¹Ï Ïαξινομεί ÏελείÏÏ ÏÏ Ïαία, ÏÏ Î¼ÏεÏιλαμβανομÎÎ½Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ εμοÏ.</p><figure role="group"><picture> <source type="image/avif" srcset="/assets/images/css-order-chart.avif" /> <source type="image/webp" srcset="/assets/images/css-order-chart.webp" /> <img width="700" height="308" loading="lazy" alt="ÎιάγÏαμμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ¯Ïνει ÏÏÏ Î¿Î¹ developers ÏαξινομοÏν Ïα CSS declarations " src="/assets/images/css-order-chart.png" /> </picture><figcaption>ÎιάγÏαμμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ¯Ïνει ÏÏÏ Î¿Î¹ developers ÏαξινομοÏν Ïα CSS declarations</figcaption></figure><p>ÎξαιÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î±Ï ÏοÏ, δεν θα εÏÎ¹Î²Î¬Î»Ï ÎºÎ¬Ïοια εÏιλογή Ïε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο styleguide. Îιάλεξε ÏÏοια ÏÏοÏιμάÏ, αÏκεί να είÏαι ÏÏαθεÏÏÏ Ïε Ïλα Ïα stylesheets ÏÎ¿Ï (ÏÏ. ÏÏι Ïην <em>ÏÏ Ïαία</em> εÏιλογή).</p><div class="note"><p>Îια <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190618180712/http://peteschuster.com/2014/12/reduce-file-size-css-sorting/">ÏÏÏÏÏαÏη ÎÏÎµÏ Î½Î±</a> Îδειξε ÏÏι η ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï <a href="https://github.com/csscomb/csscomb.js">CSS Comb</a> (Ïο οÏοίο ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιεί <a href="https://github.com/csscomb/csscomb.js/blob/master/config/csscomb.json">ÏαξινÏμηÏη καÏά ÏÏÏο</a>) για Ïην ÏαξινÏμηÏη ÏÏν δηλÏÏεÏν CSS, καÏαλήγει ÏÏη μείÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³ÎÎ¸Î¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏÏÎµÎ¯Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏ Î¼ÏίεÏη Gzip καÏά 2.7%, ÎνανÏι ÏÎ¿Ï 1.3% ÏÎ·Ï ÏαξινÏμηÏÎ·Ï Î¼Îµ αλÏαβηÏική ÏειÏά.</p></div><h3 id="selectors">ÎμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïη Selectors</h3><p>Îνα ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎνο ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοÏÏÎÏει η Sass ÏÏο οÏοίο γίνεÏαι Ï ÏεÏβολική καÏάÏÏηÏη αÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï developers είναι η <em>εμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïη ÏÏν selectors</em>. ΠεμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïη ÏÏν selectors ÏÏοÏÏÎÏει Îναν ÏÏÏÏο ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏ Î³Î³ÏαÏÎµÎ¯Ï stylesheet για να Ï ÏολογίÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î¿Ï Ï selectors εμÏÏλεÏονÏÎ±Ï Î¼Î¹ÎºÏοÏÏ selectors μÎÏα Ïε Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Ï.</p><h4 id="section-19">ÎενικÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î½ÏναÏ</h4><p>Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, η ακÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î¸Î· εμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïη Sass:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 481 <span class="nc">.bar</span> <span class="p">{</span> 482 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nd">:hover</span> <span class="p">{</span> 483 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span><span class="p">;</span> 484 <span class="p">}</span> 485 <span class="p">}</span> 486<span class="p">}</span> 487</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> 488 <span class="nc">.bar</span> 489 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nd">:hover</span> 490 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span> 491</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>⦠ÏαÏάγει Î±Ï Ïή Ïη CSS:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper"><div class="language-css highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="nc">.bar</span><span class="nd">:hover</span> <span class="p">{</span> 492 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span><span class="p">;</span> 493<span class="p">}</span> 494</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>
494ΠαÏομοίÏÏ, αÏÏ Ïην Sass 3.3 και μεÏά είναι Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏν να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïην αναÏοÏά ÏÏον ÏÏÎÏονÏα selector (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&</code>) για να ÏαÏÎ¬Î³ÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ¾ÎµÎ¹Î´Î¹ÎºÎµÏ Î¼ÎÎ½Î¿Ï Ï selectors. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 495 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nt">-bar</span> <span class="p">{</span> 496 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span><span class="p">;</span> 497 <span class="p">}</span> 498<span class="p">}</span> 499</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> 500 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nt">-bar</span> 501 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span> 502</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>⦠ÏαÏάγει Î±Ï Ïή Ïη CSS:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo-bar</span> <span class="p">{</span> 503 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span><span class="p">;</span> 504<span class="p">}</span> 505</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo-bar</span> 506 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span> 507</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏ Ïή η μÎÎ¸Î¿Î´Î¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏαι ÏÏ Ïνά μαζί με ÏÎ¹Ï <a href="https://csswizardry.com/2013/01/mindbemding-getting-your-head-round-bem-syntax/">Î£Ï Î½Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î±ÏÎ¯Î±Ï BEM</a> για να ÏαÏάγει selectors <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.block__element</code> και <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.block--modifier</code> βαÏιÏμÎÎ½Î¿Ï Ï ÏÏον αÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ selector (ÏÏ. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.block</code> Ïε Î±Ï Ïή Ïην ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη).</p><div class="note"><p>ÎÏοÏεί να είναι ανεÏίÏημο, αλλά η ÏαÏαγÏγή νÎÏν selectors με αναÏοÏά ÏÏον ÏÏÎÏονÏα selector (<code>&</code>) καθιÏÏά αδÏναÏη Ïην αναζήÏηÏη Î±Ï ÏÏν ÏÏν selectors ÏÏην codebase αÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ καθâ ÎµÎ±Ï Ïοί.</p></div><p>Το ÏÏÏβλημα με Ïην εμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïη ÏÏν selectors είναι ÏÏι Ïελικά κάνει Ïον κÏδικα Ïιο δÏÏκολο ÏÏην ανάγνÏÏη. Î ÏÎÏει ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± Ï ÏολογίÏει νοηÏά Ïον selector ÏÎ¿Ï ÏαÏάγεÏαι αÏÏ Ïα εÏίÏεδα εμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏηÏ· δεν είναι ÏάνÏα αÏκεÏά εμÏανÎÏ Ïι θα καÏαλήξει να είναι η CSS.</p><p>ÎÏ Ïή η δήλÏÏη αληθεÏει Ïλο και ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο ÏÏο οι selectors γίνονÏαι μακÏÏÏεÏοι και οι αναÏοÏÎÏ ÏÏον ÏÏÎÏονÏα selector (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&</code>) Ïλο και ÏÏ ÏνÏÏεÏεÏ. Σε Îνα Ïημείο, ο ÎºÎ¯Î½Î´Ï Î½Î¿Ï Î½Î± μην μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏαÏÎ±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï Î¸Î®ÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ να μην καÏÎ±Î»Î±Î²Î±Î¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïια Ïι ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î±Î¯Î½ÎµÎ¹ είναι ÏÏÏο Ï ÏηλÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ αξίζει Ïον κÏÏο.</p><p>Îια να αÏοÏÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μια ÏÎÏοια καÏάÏÏαÏη, <strong>αÏοÏεÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïην εμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïη ÏÏν selectors ÏÏο Ïο Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏν ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο</strong>. ΠαÏÏλα Î±Ï Ïά, ÏÏοÏανÏÏ Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ μεÏικÎÏ ÎµÎ¾Î±Î¹ÏÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε Î±Ï ÏÏν Ïον κανÏνα.</p><p>Îια να αÏοÏÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μια ÏÎÏοια καÏάÏÏαÏη, ÏÏ Î½Î·Î¸Î¯Î¶Î±Î¼Îµ να μιλάμε για Ïο <a href="https://thesassway.herokuapp.com/beginner/the-inception-rule">Inception rule</a> ÏÏιν αÏο μεÏικά ÏÏÏνια. ÎÏ ÏÏ ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¿ÏÎ»ÎµÏ Îµ καÏά ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ¼ÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ·Ï ÏÎÏαν ÏÏν 3 εÏιÏÎδÏν, ÎÏονÏÎ±Ï ÏÏ Ïημείο αναÏοÏÎ¬Ï Ïην Ïαινία Inception ÏÎ¿Ï Christopher Nolan. Îα ήθελα να Î³Î¯Î½Ï Î»Î¯Î³Î¿ Ïιο δÏαÏÏικÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ να ÏÏοÏÎµÎ¯Î½Ï Ïην <strong>αÏοÏÏ Î³Î® εμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Î¼ÎνÏν selectors ÏÏο Ïο Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏν ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο</strong>.</p><p>ÎÎ½Ï Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏολλÎÏ ÏÏοÏÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï ÎµÎ¾Î±Î¹ÏÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏον κανÏνα ÏÏÏÏ Î¸Î± δοÏμε ÏÏο εÏÏμενο Ïμήμα, Î±Ï Ïή η άÏοÏη ÏαίνεÏαι να είναι αÏκεÏά δημοÏιλήÏ. ÎÏοÏείÏε να διαβάÏεÏε γιâ Î±Ï ÏÏ Î¼Îµ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ Î»ÎµÏÏομÎÏÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ ÏÏο <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/beware-selector-nesting-sass/">
507Beware of Selector Nesting</a> και ÏÏο <a href="https://thesassway.herokuapp.com/intermediate/avoid-nested-selectors-for-more-modular-css">Avoid nested selectors for more modular CSS</a>.</p><h4 id="section-20">ÎξαιÏÎÏειÏ</h4><p>Îια αÏÏή, εÏιÏÏÎÏεÏαι και ακÏμη ÏÏοÏείνεÏαι να εμÏÏλεÏεÏε Ïα pseudo-classes και pseudo-elements μÎÏα ÏÏον αÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ selector.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 508 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span><span class="p">;</span> 509 510 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nd">:hover</span> <span class="p">{</span> 511 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">green</span><span class="p">;</span> 512 <span class="p">}</span> 513 514 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nd">::before</span> <span class="p">{</span> 515 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'pseudo-element'</span><span class="p">;</span> 516 <span class="p">}</span> 517<span class="p">}</span> 518</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> 519 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span> 520 521 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nd">:hover</span> 522 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">green</span> 523 524 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nd">::before</span> 525 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'pseudo-element'</span> 526</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Î ÏÏήÏη εμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏν selectors για pseudo-classes και pseudo-elements ÏÏι μÏνο βγάζει νÏημα (εÏειδή ÎÏει να κάνει με ÏÏενά ÏÏ Î½Î´ÎµÎ´ÎµÎ¼ÎÎ½Î¿Ï Ï selectors), αλλά και εÏειδή βοηθάει ÏÏο να κÏαÏήÏεÏε Ïα ÏάνÏα ÏÏεÏικά με Îνα component ÏÏο ίδιο Ïημείο.</p><p>ÎκÏμη, ÏÏαν ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï classes καÏάÏÏαÏÎ·Ï ÏÏÏÏ Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.is-active</code> ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ με Îνα μÏνο component, είναι αÏολÏÏÏÏ ÎµÎ½Ïάξει να Ïο εμÏÏλεÏÏεÏε κάÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïον selector ÏÎ¿Ï component για να κÏαÏήÏεÏε Ïα ÏÏάγμαÏα ÏακÏοÏοιημÎνα.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 527 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 528 529 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nc">.is-active</span> <span class="p">{</span> 530 <span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span> 531 <span class="p">}</span> 532<span class="p">}</span> 533</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> 534 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 535 536 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nc">.is-active</span> 537 <span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span> 538</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Î¤ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Ïαίο αλλά εξίÏÎ¿Ï ÏημανÏικÏ, ÏÏαν γÏάÏεÏε Ïα styles για Îνα element εÏειδή ÏÏ Ïαίνει να εμÏεÏιÎÏεÏαι Ïε Îνα άλλο ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎνο element, είναι εÏίÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ½Ïάξει να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏεÏε εμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïη για να κÏαÏήÏεÏε Ïα ÏάνÏα ÏÏεÏικά με Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο component ÏÏο ίδιο Ïημείο.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 539 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 540 541 <span class="nc">.no-opacity</span> <span class="k">&</span> <span class="p">{</span> 542 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">none</span><span class="p">;</span> 543 <span class="p">}</span> 544<span class="p">}</span> 545</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> 546 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 547 548 <span class="nc">.no-opacity</span> <span class="k">&</span> 549 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">none</span> 550</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏÏÏ Î¼Îµ Ïλα, οι λεÏÏομÎÏÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ κάÏÏÏ Î¬ÏÏεÏεÏ, η ÏÏ Î½ÎÏεια είναι Ïο κλειδί. Îν αιÏθάνεÏÏε ενÏελÏÏ ÏÎ¯Î³Î¿Ï Ïοι για Ïην εμÏÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïη ÏÏν selectors, ÏÏÏε ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÏÎ Ïην. ÎÏλά ÏÎ¹Î³Î¿Ï ÏÎµÏ ÏείÏε ÏÏι Ïλη ÏÎ¿Ï Î· ομάδα είναι ενÏάξει με Î±Ï ÏÏ.</p></section><div class="donate "><div class="donate__content"><p>
550Îν εκÏίμηÏÎµÏ Ïα Sass Guidelines, ÏÏήÏιξε Ïην ÏÏοÏÏάθεια.</p><a href="https://gum.co/sass-guidelines" class="button " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-euro"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only"></span> Î¥ÏοÏÏηÏίξÏε Ïο Sass Guidelines </a></div></div><section id="chapter-naming" class="chapter chapter--naming"><h2 id="section-21">Î£Ï Î¼Î²Î¬ÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î±ÏίαÏ</h2><p>Σâ Î±Ï Ïήν Ïην ενÏÏηÏα δε θα αÏÏοληθοÏμε με ÏÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î»ÏÏεÏÎµÏ ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¬ÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î±ÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÏη CSS για ÏÏ Î½ÏηÏηÏιμÏÏηÏα (maintainability) και κλιμάκÏÏη (scale); ÏÏι μÏνο γιαÏί είναι ÏÏην κÏίÏη ÏÎ¿Ï , αλλά είναι εκÏÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎµÎ´Î¹Î¿Ï ÎµÏαÏÎ¼Î¿Î³Î®Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ Sass styleguide. Î ÏοÏÎµÎ¯Î½Ï Î±Ï Ïά ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î½Î¹ÏÏÏνÏαι ÏÏα <a href="https://cssguidelin.es/#naming-conventions">CSS Guidelines</a>.</p><p>Î¥ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ κάÏοια ÏÏάγμαÏα ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ονομάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏη Sass, και είναι ÏημανÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î½Î± Ïα ονομάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÏÏά ÏÏÏε ÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î¿ κÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ±Ï Î½Î± ÏαίνεÏαι ÏÏÏο ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏÎ®Ï ÏÏο και ÎµÏ Î±Î½Î¬Î³Î½ÏÏÏοÏ:</p><ul><li>μεÏαβληÏÎÏ·</li><li>ÏÏ Î½Î±ÏÏήÏειÏ·</li><li>mixins.</li></ul><p>Îι Sass placeholders ÏαÏαλείÏονÏαι ÏκÏÏιμα αÏÏ Î±Ï Ïή Ïη λίÏÏα αÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να θεÏÏηθοÏν κανονικοί CSS selectors, εκ ÏοÏÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï Î¸Î¿Ïν Ïο ίδιο μοÏίβο ονομαÏοδοÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÏÏÏ Î¿Î¹ κλάÏειÏ.</p><p>ÎÏον αÏοÏά ÏÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÎÏ, ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏ Î½Î±ÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïα mixins, ÏηÏοÏμε κάÏι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï <em>CSS-ικÏ</em>: <strong>Ïεζά με-ÏαÏλεÏ</strong>, και ÎºÏ ÏίÏÏ Î½Î± Î²Î³Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ νÏημα.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$vertical-rhythm-baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="mi">.5rem</span><span class="p">;</span> 551 552<span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$width</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$height</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nv">$width</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 553 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 554<span class="p">}</span> 555 556<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">opposite-direction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$direction</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 557 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 558<span class="p">}</span> 559</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$vertical-rhythm-baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="mi">.5rem</span> 560 561<span class="nf">=size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$width</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$height</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nv">$width</span><span class="p">)</span> 562 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 563 564<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">opposite-direction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$direction</span><span class="p">)</span> 565 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 566</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Îν ÏÏαγμαÏικά θÎλεÏε να ÏαίξεÏε με ÏÎ¹Ï Î¹Î´ÎÎµÏ ÏÏν ÏÏαθεÏÏν ÏÏη Sass, θα ÏÏÎÏει να διαβάÏεÏε <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/dealing-constants-sass/">Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÎµÎ¹Î´Î¹ÎºÏ Î¬ÏθÏο</a>.</p><h3 id="section-22">ΣÏαθεÏÎÏ</h3><p>Îν ÏÏ Î³Ïάνει να είÏαι framework developer ή ÏÏ Î³Î³ÏαÏÎÎ±Ï Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎ·Ï, ενδÎÏεÏαι να ανÏιμεÏÏÏίÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ¬ÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÏ Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ ÏÏÎÏει να Î±Î»Î»Î¬Î¾Î¿Ï Î½ Ïε καμία ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη: οι ÏÏαθεÏÎÏ. ÎÏ ÏÏÏ ÏÏÏ (ή ÎµÏ ÏÏ ÏÏÏ;), η Sass δεν ÏαÏÎÏει κάÏοιον ÏÏÏÏο για να οÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÎÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÏ Î¿Î½ÏÏÏηÏεÏ, οÏÏÏε ÏÏÎÏει να ÏηÏήÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Î±Ï ÏÏηÏÎÏ ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¬ÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏον αÏοÏά Ïην ονομαÏία για να ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÏιÏÎ·Î¼Î¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ.</p><p>ÎÏÏÏ Ïε ÏολλÎÏ Î³Î»ÏÏÏεÏ, ÏÏοÏÎµÎ¯Î½Ï Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÎÏ Î¼Îµ κεÏαλαία και κάÏÏ ÏαÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÏαν είναι ÏÏαθεÏÎÏ. ÎÏι μÏνο είναι μία ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Ïαλιά ÏÏμβαÏη, αλλά Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï Ïγεί καλή ανÏίθεÏη με ÏÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ με Ïεζά και ÏαÏλεÏ.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 567<span class="nv">$CSS_POSITIONS</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">top</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">right</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">bottom</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">left</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">);</span> 568 569<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 570<span class="nv">$css-positions</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">top</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">right</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">bottom</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">left</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">);</span> 571</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 572<span class="nv">$CSS_POSITIONS</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">top</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">right</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">bottom</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">left</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">)</span> 573 574<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 575<span class="nv">$css-positions</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">top</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">right</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">bottom</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">left</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">)</span> 576</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p><strong>ΠεÏαιÏÎÏÏ Î±Î½Î¬Î³Î½ÏÏη:</strong></p><ul><li><a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/dealing-constants-sass/">Dealing With Constants in Sass</a></li></ul><h3 id="namespace">Namespace</h3><p>Îν ÏκοÏεÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± Î´Î¹Î±Î½ÎµÎ¯Î¼ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïον κÏδικά ÏÎ¿Ï , ÏÏην ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎ·Ï, ενÏÏ framework, ενÏÏ grid system ή οÏιδήÏοÏε, μÏοÏεί να Î¸ÎµÏ Î½Î± εξεÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïο ενδεÏÏμενο να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα
576namespace για ÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÎÏ, ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏ Î½Î±ÏÏήÏειÏ, Ïα mixins και ÏÎ¿Ï Ï placeholders ÏÏÏε να μην ÏÏ Î³ÎºÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοÏν με Ïον κÏδικα αλλÏνÏν.</p><p>Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, αν Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε Îνα project ÏÎ¿Ï Î»ÎγεÏαι <em>Sassy Unicorn</em> ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοοÏίζεÏαι να είναι καÏανεμημÎνο, θα μÏοÏοÏÏÎµÏ Î½Î± ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">su-</code> ÏÏ namespace. Îίναι αÏκεÏά ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎνο ÏÏÏε να αÏοκλειÏÏεί οÏοιαδήÏοÏε ÏÏγκÏÎ¿Ï Ïη ονομάÏÏν και αÏκεÏά ÏÏνÏομο ÏÏÏε να μην είναι ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏαÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î½Î± Ïο γÏάÏειÏ.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$su-configuration</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="err">â¦</span> <span class="p">);</span> 577 578<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">su-rainbow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$unicorn</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 579 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 580<span class="p">}</span> 581</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$su-configuration</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="err">â¦</span> <span class="p">)</span> 582 583<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">su-rainbow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$unicorn</span><span class="p">)</span> 584 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 585</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Το <a href="https://kaelig.fr">Kaelig</a> ÎÏει <a href="https://blog.kaelig.fr/post/44554267597/please-respect-the-global-css-namespace">Îνα ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î´Î¹Î¿ÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î¬ÏθÏο ÏÏεÏικά με Ïο global CSS namespace</a>, Ïε ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο θÎμα ÏÎ±Ï ÎµÎ½Î´Î¹Î±ÏÎÏει.</p><div class="note"><p>ΣημείÏÏε ÏÏι Ïο Î±Ï ÏÏμαÏο namespacing είναι οÏÏÏδήÏοÏε ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏεδιαÏÏικÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην ανεÏÏÏμενη ανανÎÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï <code>@import</code> ÏÏη Sass 4.0. ÎεδομÎÎ½Î¿Ï ÏÏι ÏληÏÎ¹Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏην ÎºÏ ÎºÎ»Î¿ÏοÏία, θα γίνεÏαι Ïλο και λιγÏÏεÏο ÏÏήÏιμο Ïο ÏειÏοκίνηÏο namespacing· ενδεÏομÎνÏÏ Î¿Î¹ Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ Î¼Îµ μη Î±Ï ÏÏμαÏο namespacing να είναι Î´Ï ÏκολÏÏεÏÎµÏ ÏÏη ÏÏήÏη.</p></div></section><section id="chapter-comments" class="chapter chapter--comments"><h2 id="section-23">ΣÏÏλια</h2><p>Î CSS είναι ζÏÏικη γλÏÏÏα, γεμάÏη με hacks και ÏαÏαξενιÎÏ. ÎξαιÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î±Ï ÏοÏ, θα ÏÏÎÏει να ÏεÏιÎÏει αÏκεÏά ÏÏÏλια, ειδικά αν εÏÏ Î® κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï ÎÏει ÏκοÏÏ Î½Î± διαβάÏει Ïον κÏδικα Ïε μιÏÏ Î¼Îµ Îνα ÏÏÏνο αÏÏ ÏÏÏα. Îην αÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïον ÎµÎ±Ï ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î® κάÏοιον άλλον να ÎÏθει Ïε Î±Ï Ïή Ïη θÎÏη: <em>δεν-Ï ÏάÏÏει-ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη-να-Ïο-ÎγÏαÏα-εγÏ-Î±Ï ÏÏ-για-Ïον-θεÏοοο</em>.</p><p>Îεν ÎÏει ÏημαÏία ÏοÏο αÏλή αÏλή μÏοÏεί να μοιάζει η CSS, Ï ÏάÏÏει ÏάνÏα ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± ÏÏÏλια. ÎÏ Ïά θα μÏοÏοÏÏαν να εξηγήÏÎ¿Ï Î½:</p><ul><li>Ïην δομή ή και Ïον ÏÏλο ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏÏÎµÎ¯Î¿Ï Â·</li><li>Ïο ÏÏÏÏο ÏÎ¿Ï ruleset·</li><li>Ïην ιδÎα ÏίÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Îνα magic number·</li><li>Ïον λÏγο για μια δήλÏÏη CSS·</li><li>Ïην ÏειÏά ÏÏν δηλÏÏεÏν CSS·</li><li>Ïη διαδικαÏία ÏκÎÏÎ·Ï ÏίÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Îναν ÏÏÏÏο ανÏιμεÏÏÏιÏÎ·Ï ÏÏν ÏÏαγμάÏÏν.</li></ul><p>Î£Î¯Î³Î¿Ï Ïα ÎÏÏ Î¾ÎµÏάÏει να αναÏÎÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ άÎ
585»Î»ÎµÏ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏειÏ. Τα ÏÏÏλια αÏαιÏοÏν ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î»Î¯Î³Î¿ ÏÏÏνο αν Ïα γÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïην ÏÏα ÏÎ¿Ï Î³ÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïον κÏδικα, γιâÎ±Ï ÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î¸Î± ήÏαν να μην διÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± Ïα γÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïην εκείνη Ïη ÏÏιγμή. Το να εÏιÏÏÏÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎµÏά για να γÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÏλια δεν είναι μονο εξÏÏÏαγμαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î±Î»Î»Î± και Ï ÏεÏβολικά ενοÏληÏικÏ.</p><h3 id="section-24">ÎÏάÏονÏÎ±Ï Î£ÏÏλια</h3><p>Îδανικά, <em>κάθε</em> CSS ruleset ÏÏÎÏει να ÏÏοηγείÏαι αÏο ενα Îνα C-style ÏÏÏλιο εξηγÏνÏÎ±Ï Ïο νÏημα ÏÎ¿Ï CSS μÏλοκ. ÎÏ ÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏλιο εÏίÏÎ·Ï Ïιλοξενεί αÏιθμημÎÎ½ÎµÏ Î´Î¹ÎµÏ ÎºÏινίÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏεÏικά με ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎνÏν ÏμημάÏÏν ÏÎ¿Ï ruleset. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cm">/** 586 * ÎοηθηÏική κλάÏη για να ÏεÏικÏÏει και να ÏÏοÏθÎÏει αÏοÏιÏÏηÏικά Ïε Îνα string Ïο οÏοίο είναι ÏάÏα ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼Î±ÎºÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± να ÏÏÏÎÏει 587 * Ïε μία μÏνο γÏαμμή. 588 * 1. ÎÏοÏÏÎÏει Ïο ÏεÏιεÏÏμενο αÏο Ïο να αναδίÏλÏνει, αναγκάζονÏÎ±Ï Ïο να εμÏανιÏÏεί Ïε μία μÏνο γÏαμμή. 589 * 2. Î ÏοÏθÎÏει αÏοÏιÏÏηÏικά ÏÏο ÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î³ÏαμμήÏ. 590 */</span> 591<span class="nc">.ellipsis</span> <span class="p">{</span> 592 <span class="nl">white-space</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">nowrap</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cm">/* 1 */</span> 593 <span class="nl">text-overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ellipsis</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cm">/* 2 */</span> 594 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span><span class="p">;</span> 595<span class="p">}</span> 596</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cm">/** 597</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="err">ÎοηθηÏική</span> <span class="err">κλάÏη</span> <span class="err">για</span> <span class="err">να</span> <span class="err">ÏεÏικÏÏει</span> <span class="err">και</span> <span class="err">να</span> <span class="err">ÏÏοÏθÎÏει</span> <span class="err">αÏοÏιÏÏηÏικά</span> <span class="err">Ïε</span> <span class="err">Îνα</span> <span class="nt">string</span> <span class="err">Ïο</span> <span class="err">οÏοίο</span> <span class="err">είναι</span> <span class="err">ÏάÏα</span> <span class="err">ÏολÏ</span> <span class="err">μακÏÏ</span> <span class="err">για</span> <span class="err">να</span> <span class="err">ÏÏÏÎÏει</span> 598<span class="o">*</span> <span class="err">Ïε</span> <span class="err">μία</span> <span class="err">μÏνο</span> <span class="err">γÏαμμή</span><span class="nc">.</span> 599<span class="o">*</span> <span class="nt">1</span><span class="nc">.</span> <span class="err">ÎÏοÏÏÎÏει</span> <span class="err">Ïο</span> <span class="err">ÏεÏιεÏÏμενο</span> <span class="err">αÏο</span> <span class="err">Ïο</span> <span class="err">να</span> <span class="err">αναδίÏλÏνει</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="err">αναγκάζονÏαÏ</span> <span class="err">Ïο</span> <span class="err">να</span> <span class="err">εμÏανιÏÏεί</span> <span class="err">Ïε</span> <span class="err">μία</span> <span class="err">μÏνο</span> <span class="err">γÏαμμή</span><span class="nc">.</span> 600<span class="o">*</span> <span class="nt">2</span><span class="nc">.</span> <span class="err">Î ÏοÏθÎÏει</span> <span class="err">αÏοÏιÏÏηÏικά</span> <span class="err">ÏÏο</span> <span class="err">ÏÎλοÏ</span> <span class="err">ÏηÏ</span> <span class="err">γÏαμμήÏ</span><span class="nc">.</span> 601 <span class="o">*/</span> 602<span class="nc">.ellipsis</span> 603 <span class="nl">white-space</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">nowrap</span> <span class="o">/*</span> <span class="m">1</span> <span class="o">*/</span> 604 <span class="nl">text-overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ellipsis</span> <span class="o">/*</span> <span class="m">2</span> <span class="o">*/</span> 605 <span class="nl">overflow</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">hidden</span> 606</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Î ÏακÏικά οÏιδήÏοÏε δεν είναι ÏÏοÏανÎÏ Î¼Îµ Ïην ÏÏÏÏη μαÏιά ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏει ÏÏÏλια. Î¥ÏάÏÏει ÏάνÏα ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± ÏαÏαÏÎ¬Î½Ï documentation. Îα Î¸Ï Î¼Î¬ÏÏε ÏÏÏ ÏοÏΠδεν θα ÎÏεÏε <em>ÏÏολιάÏει αÏκεÏά</em>, γι Î±Ï ÏÏ Î³ÏάÏÏε ÏÏα ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα ÏÏÏλια μÏοÏείÏε για οÏιδήÏοÏε θεÏÏείÏαι ÏημανÏικÏ.</p><p>ÎÏαν ÏÏολιάζεÏε Îνα Ïμήμα ÏÏεÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î¼Îµ Ïην
606Sass, ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏÏε inline Sass ÏÏÏλια ανÏί για ÏÏÏλια C-style block εÏÏι ÏÏÏε Î±Ï Ïά να μην εμÏανιÏÏοÏν ÏÏο ÏÎµÎ»Î¹ÎºÏ Î±ÏοÏÎλεÏμα, ακÏμα και Ïε λειÏÎ¿Ï Ïγία expanded καÏα Ïην διάÏκεια ανάÏÏÏ Î¾Î·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏδικα.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Î ÏÏÏθεÏε Ïο ÏÏÎÏον module ÏÏην λίÏÏα με Ïα imported modules.</span> 607<span class="c1">// Το `!global` flag αÏαιÏείÏαι για να μÏοÏεί να ανανεÏνει Ïην global μεÏαβληÏή.</span> 608<span class="nv">$imported-modules</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$imported-modules</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$module</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">global</span><span class="p">;</span> 609</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Î ÏÏÏθεÏε Ïο ÏÏÎÏον module ÏÏην λίÏÏα με Ïα imported modules.</span> 610<span class="c1">// Το `!global` flag αÏαιÏείÏαι για να μÏοÏεί να ανανεÏνει Ïην global μεÏαβληÏή.</span> 611<span class="nv">$imported-modules</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$imported-modules</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$module</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">global</span> 612</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ΣημείÏÏη ÏÏι Î±Ï ÏÏÏ Î¿ ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î½ÏιμεÏÏÏιÏÎ·Ï ÏÏν ÏÏαγμάÏÏν Ï ÏοÏÏηÏίζεÏαι εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î±Ïο Ïα CSS Guidelines ÏÏο <a href="https://cssguidelin.es/#commenting">Commenting</a> κεÏάλαιο.</p><h3 id="documentation">Documentation</h3><p>Îάθε μεÏαβληÏή, ÏÏ Î½Î¬ÏÏηÏη, mixin και placeholder Ïα οÏοία ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏ ÏκοÏÏ Î½Î± ξαναÏÏηÏιμοÏοιηθοÏν ÏανÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏο code base ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ documentation ÏÏο ÏλαίÏιο ÏÎ¿Ï global API ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιÏνÏÎ±Ï Ïο <a href="http://sassdoc.com">SassDoc</a>.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// ΠγÏαμμή βάÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ¬Î¸ÎµÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î¸Î¼Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏαι ÏÏο ÏÏνολο ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏδικα.</span> 613<span class="c1">/// @type Length</span> 614<span class="nv">$vertical-rhythm-baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="mi">.5rem</span><span class="p">;</span> 615</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// ΠγÏαμμή βάÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ¬Î¸ÎµÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ Î¸Î¼Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏαι ÏÏο ÏÏνολο ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏδικα.</span> 616<span class="c1">/// @type Length</span> 617<span class="nv">$vertical-rhythm-baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="mi">.5rem</span> 618</code></pre></div></div></div></div><div class="note"><p>ÎÏαιÏοÏνÏαι ÏÏία slashes (<code>/</code>).</p></div><p>Το SassDoc ÎÏει δÏο ÏημανÏικοÏÏ ÏÏÎ»Î¿Ï Ï:</p><ul><li>Îα αναγκάζει Ïην ÏÏνÏαξη ÏÏ ÏοÏοιημÎνÏν ÏÏολίÏν ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιÏνÏÎ±Ï Îνα ÏÏÏÏημα βαÏιÏμÎνο ÏÏα annotations για οÏιδήÏοÏε ÎÏει να κάνει με Ïο public ή private API;</li><li>Ïο να μÏοÏεί να ÏαÏάγει μια ÎκδοÏη HTML ÏÎ¿Ï API documentation ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιÏνÏÎ±Ï Î¿ÏοιοδήÏοÏε αÏο Ïα εÏγαλεία ÏÎ¿Ï SassDoc (CLI tool, Grunt, Gulp, Broccoli, Nodeâ¦).</li></ul><figure role="group"><picture> <source sizes="100vw" type="image/avif" srcset="/assets/images/sassdoc-preview_small.avif 540w, /assets/images/sassdoc-preview_medium.avif 900w, /assets/images/sassdoc-preview_large.avif 1200w, /assets/images/sassdoc-preview_huge.avif 1590w" /> <source sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/assets/images/sassdoc-preview_small.webp 540w, /assets/images/sassdoc-preview_medium.webp 900w, /assets/images/sassdoc-preview_large.webp 1200w, /assets/images/sassdoc-preview_huge.webp 1590w" /> <img data-proofer-ignore="" loading="lazy" alt="Το documentation Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï Ïγήθηκε με SassDoc " sizes="100vw" srcset="/assets/images/sassdoc-preview_small.png 540w, /assets/images/sassdoc-preview_medium.png 900w, /assets/images/sassdoc-preview_large.png 1200w, /assets/images/sassdoc-preview_huge.png 1590w" /> </picture><figcaption>Το documentation Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï Ïγήθηκε με SassDoc</figcaption></figure><p>ΠαÏακάÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏείÏε να δείÏε Îνα ÏαÏάδειγμα ενÏÏ mixin Ïο οÏοίο είναι εκÏενÏÏ documented με Ïο SassDoc:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// Mixin Ïο οÏοίο βοηθάει ÏÏον οÏιÏÎ¼Ï ÏÎ¿Ï `width` και ÏÎ¿Ï `height` ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏÏÏονα.</span> 619<span class="c1">///</span> 620<span class="c1">/// @author Kitty Giraudel</span> 621<span class="c1">///</span> 622<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 623<span class="c1">///</span> 624<span class="c1">/// @param {Length} $width - Elementâs `width`</span> 625<span class="c1">/// @param {Length} $height [$width] - Elementâs `height`</span> 626<span class="c1">///</span> 627<span class="c1">/// @example scss - Usage</span> 628<span class="c1">/// .foo {</span> 629<span class="c1">/// @include size(10em);</span> 630<span class="c1">/// }</span> 631<span class="c1">///</span> 632<span class="c1">/// .bar {</span> 633<span class="c1">/// @include size(100%, 10em);</span> 634<span class="c1">/// }</span> 635<span class="c1">///</span> 636<span class="c1">/// @example css - CSS output</span> 637<span class="c1">/// .foo {</span> 638<span class="c1">/// width: 10em;</span> 639<span class="c1">/// height: 10em;</span> 640<span class="c1">/// }</span> 641<span class="c1">///</span> 642<span class="c1">/// .bar {</span> 643<span class="c1">/// width: 100%;</span> 644<span class="c1">/// height: 10em;</span> 645<span class="c1">/// }</span> 646<span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$width</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$height</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nv">$width</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 647 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$width</span><span class="p">;</span> 648 <span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$height</span><span class="p">;</span> 649<span class="p">}</span> 650</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// Mixin Ïο οÏοίο βοηθάει ÏÏον οÏιÏÎ¼Ï ÏÎ¿Ï `width` και ÏÎ¿Ï `height` ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏÏÏονα.</span> 651<span class="c1">///</span> 652<span class="c1">/// @author Kitty Giraudel</span> 653<span class="c1">///</span> 654<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 655<span class="c1">///</span> 656<span class="c1">/// @param {Length} $width - Element's `width`</span> 657<span class="c1">/// @param {Length} $height ($width) - Element's `height`</span> 658<span class="c1">///</span> 659<span class="c1">/// @example scss - Usage</span> 660<span class="c1">/// .foo</span> 661<span class="c1">/// +size(10em)</span> 662<span class="c1">///</span> 663<span class="c1">/// .bar</span> 664<span class="c1">/// +size(100%, 10em)</span> 665<span class="c1">///</span> 666<span class="c1">/// @example css - CSS output</span> 667<span class="c1">/// .foo {</span> 668<span class="c1">/// width: 10em;</span> 669<span class="c1">/// height: 10em;</span> 670<span class="c1">/// }</span> 671<span class="c1">///</span> 672<span class="c1">/// .bar {</span> 673<span class="c1">/// width: 100%;</span> 674<span class="c1">/// height: 10em;</span> 675<span class="c1">/// }</span> 676<span class="nf">=size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$width</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$height</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nv">$width</span><span class="p">)</span> 677 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$width</span> 678 <span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$height</span> 679</code></pre></div></div></div></div></section><section id="chapter-architecture" class="chapter chapter--architecture"><h2 id="section-25">ÎÏÏιÏεκÏονική</h2><p>ΠδÏμηÏη ενÏÏ CSS project είναι ίÏÏÏ Îνα αÏο Ïα Î´Ï ÏκολÏÏεÏα ÏÏάγμαÏα ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± κάνεÏε καÏα Ïην διαÏκεια ζÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ¿Ï project. Το να ÏÏ Î½ÏηÏήÏεÏε Ïην δÏμηÏη Î±Ï Ïή ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏή και Î¿Ï ÏιÏÎ´Î·Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ακÏμα Î´Ï ÏκολÏÏεÏο.</p><p>ÎÏ ÏÏ ÏÏÏ, Îνα αÏο Ïα βαÏικά ÏλεονεκÏήμαÏα ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏήÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ CSS preprocessor είναι η ÏαÏοÏή ÏÎ·Ï Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏÎ±Ï ÏμημαÏοÏοίηÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏδικα Ïε Ïολλά αÏÏεία ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± εÏηÏεάζεÏαι η αÏÏδοÏη ÏÎ¿Ï (ÏÏÏÏ Î¼Îµ Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@import</code> CSS directive). ÎÏγο ÏÎ·Ï Ï ÏεÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹ η Sass ÏÏο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@import</code> directive, είναι αÏολÏÏÏÏ Î±ÏÏαλή (και ÏÏ Î½Î¹ÏÏάÏαι ανεÏιÏÏλακÏα) η ÏÏήÏη Ï
679Ïο αÏÏείÏν ÏÏειάζεÏαι καÏα Ïην διάÏκεια ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î¬ÏÏÏ
ξηÏ, αÏÎ¿Ï Ïλα Ïα αÏÏεία θα ÏÏ
γκενÏÏÏθοÏν Ïε Îνα αÏÏείο CSS Ïε production ÏεÏιβάλλον.</p><p>Î ÎÏα αÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏ, δεν μÏοÏÏ Î½Î± ÏονίÏÏ Î±ÏκεÏά Ïην ανάγκη για ÏÏήÏη ÏακÎλÏν, ακÏμα και Ïε μικÏά projects. ΣÏο ÏÏίÏι, δεν ÏεÏÎ¬Ï Ïλα Ïα ÏαÏÏιά ÏÏο ίδιο κοÏ
Ïί. ΧÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï ÏακÎλοÏ
Ï, εναν για Ïο ÏÏίÏι/διαμÎÏιÏμα, Îναν για Ïην ÏÏάÏεζα, Îναν για ÏοÏ
Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î±ÏιαÏμοÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïα λοιÏά. Îεν Ï
ÏάÏÏει λÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î½Î± γίνει διαÏοÏεÏικά και για Ïην δÏμηÏη ÏοÏ
CSS project ÏαÏ. ÎιαÏÏÏίÏÏε Ïον κÏδικα Ïε διαÏοÏεÏικοÏÏ ÏακÎλοÏ
Ï, ονομαÏμÎνοÏ
Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÎºÎ¬, ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏε αÏγÏÏεÏα να ÏÎ±Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ εÏκολο να βÏείÏε αÏ
ÏÏ ÏοÏ
ÏάÏνεÏε εÏκολα και γÏήγοÏα.</p><p>Î¥ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν ÏολλÎÏ Î´Î·Î¼Î¿ÏÎ¹Î»ÎµÎ¯Ï <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/look-different-sass-architectures/">αÏÏιÏεκÏονικÎÏ</a> για CSS project(s) ÏÏÏÏ: <a href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2011/12/12/an-introduction-to-object-oriented-css-oocss/">OOCSS</a>, <a href="https://bradfrost.com/blog/post/atomic-web-design/">Atomic Design</a>, projects βαÏιÏμÎνα Ïε <a href="https://getbootstrap.com/">Bootstrap</a> ή Ïε <a href="https://get.foundation/">Foundation</a>⦠Τα οÏοία ÎÏοÏ
ν ÏλεονεκÏήμαÏα και μειονεκÏήμαÏα.</p><p>ÎγÏ, ÏÏοÏÏÏικά, ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹Ï Î¼Î¹Î± ÏÏοÏÎγγιÏη ÏοÏ
μοιάζει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼Îµ αÏ
Ïή ÏοÏ
<a href="http://smacss.com/">SMACSS</a> ÏοÏ
<a href="https://snook.ca/">Jonathan Snook</a>, η οÏοία εÏικενÏÏÏνεÏαι ÏÏην διαÏήÏηÏη ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±ÏάÏÏαÏÎ·Ï ÏÏο Ïιο αÏÎ»Î®Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏανεÏÎ®Ï Î³Î¯Î½ÎµÏαι.</p><div class="note"><p>ÎÏÏ Î¼Î¬Î¸ÎµÎ¹ ÏÏÏ Î· δÏμηÏη ÏοÏ
κÏδικα ÏÎ¹Ï ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ ÏοÏÎÏ Î±Î»Î»Î¬Î¶ÎµÎ¹ ανάλογα με Ïο project. Îη διÏÏάÏεÏε να αÏοÏÏίÏεÏε ενÏελÏÏ Î® να ÏÏοÏαÏμÏÏεÏε Ïην ÏÏοÏεινÏμενη λÏÏη ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏε να ÏÏάÏεÏε Ïε Îνα αÏοÏÎλεÏμα ÏοÏ
θα ÏαιÏιάζει ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î³ÎºÎµÏ ÏαÏ.</p></div><h3 id="components">Components</h3><p>Î¥ÏάÏÏει μια ÏεÏάÏÏια διαÏοÏά μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏοÏ
να ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ¬Ïι <em>να δοÏ
λεÏει</em> και να κάνει κάÏι <em>καλά</em>. Πάλι, η CSS είναι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Â«Î±ÎºÎ±ÏάÏÏαÏη» γλÏÏÏα <sup>[citation needed]</sup>. ÎÏο λιγÏÏεÏη CSS ÎÏοÏ
με, ÏÏÏο Ïο καλÏÏεÏο. Îεν θÎλοÏ
με να ανÏιμεÏÏÏίÏοÏ
με καÏαÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î¿ÏÎ¿Î¯ÎµÏ Î¸Î± ÎÏοÏ
με megabytes αÏο κÏδικα CSS. Îια να κÏαÏήÏοÏ
με Ïα stylesheets μικÏά και αÏοδοÏικά ââκαι ÏÏοÏανÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ θα ÏÎ±Ï Î¾Î±ÏνιάÏειââ είναι ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î½Î± ÏκεÏÏÏμαÏÏε Ïο interface ÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î± ÏÏ
λλογή αÏο components.</p><p>Τα Components μÏοÏεί να είναι οÏιδήÏοÏε, αÏκεί:</p><ul><li>να κάνοÏ
ν μÏνο Îνα ÏÏάγμα·</li><li>να είναι εÏαναÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏιμα και να εÏαναÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏνÏαι μÎÏα ÏÏο project·</li><li>να είναι ανεξάÏÏηÏα.</li></ul><p>Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, μια ÏÏÏμα αναζήÏηÏÎ·Ï Î¸Î± ÏÏÎÏει να θεÏÏείÏαι ÏÏ Îνα component. Î ÏÎÏει να είναι εÏαναÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏιμο, Ïε διαÏοÏεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏοθεÏίεÏ, Ïε διαÏοÏεÏικÎÏ ÏελίδεÏ, Ïε διαÏοÏεÏικÎÏ ÎºÎ±ÏαÏÏάÏειÏ. Îεν ÏÏÎÏει να εξαÏÏάÏαι αÏο Ïην θÎÏη ÏοÏ
ÏÏο DOM (footer, sidebar, κÏÏιο ÏεÏιεÏ
679Ïμενοâ¦).</p><p>ΣÏεδÏν Ïλα Ïα interface μÏοÏοÏμε να Ïα θεÏÏήÏοÏ
με ÏÏ components και είναι αÏ
ÏÏ ÏοÏ
ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏ
νιÏÏÏ. ÎÏ
ÏÏ Î¸Î± μικÏÏνει καÏά ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Ïην ÏοÏÏÏηÏα CSS κÏδικα ÏοÏ
ÏÏειάζεÏαι Ïο project, αλλά ÏÏ
γÏάνει εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î½Î± είναι και εÏ
κολÏÏεÏο ÏÏην ÏÏ
νÏήÏηÏη αÏÏ Îνα ÏÎ¬Î¿Ï ÏÏοÏ
Ïλα είναι ακαÏάÏÏαÏα.</p><h3 id="component">Îομή Component</h3><p>Îδανικά, Ïα components ÏÏÎÏει να βÏίÏκονÏαι μÎÏα Ïε δικά ÏοÏ
Ï Sass partial (μÎÏα ÏÏον Ïάκελο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">components/</code>, ÏÏÏÏ ÏεÏιγÏάÏεÏαι ÏÏο <a href="#pattern">7-1 pattern</a>), Ï.Ï. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">components/_button.scss</code>. Τα styles ÏοÏ
ÏεÏιγÏάÏονÏαι μÎÏα Ïε κάθε αÏÏείο component ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏοÏ
ν να κάνοÏ
ν μÏνο με:</p><ul><li>Το style ÏοÏ
ίδιοÏ
ÏοÏ
component·</li><li>Το style ÏαÏαλλαγÏν, ÏÏοÏοÏοιηÏÏν ή/και καÏαÏÏάÏεÏν ÏοÏ
component·</li><li>Τα styles ÏÏν αÏογÏνÏν ÏοÏ
component (λ.Ï. children), εάν είναι αÏαÏαίÏηÏο.</li></ul><p>Îν θÎλεÏε Ïα components ÏÎ±Ï Î½Î± ÏαίÏνοÏ
ν Ïο θÎμα ÏοÏ
Ï Î±Ïο εξÏÏεÏικοÏÏ ÏαÏάγονÏÎµÏ (Ï.Ï. αÏο Îνα θÎμα μÎÏα ÏÏο Ïάκελο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">themes/</code>), ÏεÏιοÏίÏÏε ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î·Î»ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ±Ï Ïε δομικά styles, ÏÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ οι διαÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï (width/height), padding, margins, alignment, και Ïα λοιÏά. ÎÏοκλείÏÏε styles ÏÏÏÏ Ïα ÏÏÏμαÏα, ÏκιÎÏ, font rules, background rules, και Ïα λοιÏά.</p><p>Îνα component partial μÏοÏεί να ÏεÏιÎÏει ÏαÏαλλαγÎÏ ÏÏεÏικÎÏ Î¼Îµ Ïο component, placeholders, ακÏμα και mixins ή functions. ÎÏαÏήÏÏε ÏÏο μÏ
Î±Î»Ï ÏαÏ, ÏμÏÏ, ÏÏι ÏÏÎÏει να αÏοÏÏγεÏε Ïο referencing (Ï.Ï. να κάνεÏε <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@import</code>) component αÏÏεία μÎÏα αÏο άλλα αÏÏεία component, γιαÏί αÏ
ÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να κάνει Ïο dependency graph ÏοÏ
project ÏÎ±Ï Î±Î´ÏναÏο να ÏÏ
νÏηÏηθεί.</p><p>
679ÎÎ´Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Îνα ÏαÏάδειγμα component partial ενÏÏ button:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Button-specific variables</span> 680<span class="nv">$button-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$secondary-color</span><span class="p">;</span> 681 682<span class="c1">// ⦠include any button-specific:</span> 683<span class="c1">// - mixins</span> 684<span class="c1">// - placeholders</span> 685<span class="c1">// - functions</span> 686 687<span class="cm">/** 688 * Buttons 689 */</span> 690<span class="nc">.button</span> <span class="p">{</span> 691 <span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">vertical-rhythm</span><span class="p">;</span> 692 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span><span class="p">;</span> 693 <span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1rem</span><span class="p">;</span> 694 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$button-color</span><span class="p">;</span> 695 <span class="c1">// ⦠etc.</span> 696 697 <span class="cm">/** 698 * Inlined buttons on large screens 699 */</span> 700 <span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">respond-to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'medium'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 701 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">inline-block</span><span class="p">;</span> 702 <span class="p">}</span> 703<span class="p">}</span> 704 705<span class="cm">/** 706 * Icons within buttons 707 */</span> 708<span class="nc">.button</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="nt">svg</span> <span class="p">{</span> 709 <span class="na">fill</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">currentcolor</span><span class="p">;</span> 710 <span class="c1">// ⦠etc.</span> 711<span class="p">}</span> 712 713<span class="cm">/** 714 * Inline button 715 */</span> 716<span class="nc">.button--inline</span> <span class="p">{</span> 717 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">inline-block</span><span class="p">;</span> 718<span class="p">}</span> 719</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Button-specific variables</span> 720<span class="nv">$button-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$secondary-color</span> 721 722<span class="c1">// ... include any button-specific:</span> 723<span class="c1">// - mixins</span> 724<span class="c1">// - placeholders</span> 725<span class="c1">// - functions</span> 726 727<span class="cm">/** 728</span> <span class="cm">* Buttons 729</span> <span class="cm">*/ 730</span><span class="nc">.button</span> 731 <span class="nd">+vertical-rhythm</span> 732 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span> 733 <span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1rem</span> 734 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$button-color</span> 735 <span class="c1">// ... etc.</span> 736 737 <span class="cm">/** 738</span> <span class="cm">* Inlined buttons on large screens 739</span> <span class="cm">*/ 740</span> <span class="nd">+respond-to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'medium'</span><span class="p">)</span> 741 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">inline-block</span> 742<span class="err">}</span> 743 744<span class="cm">/** 745</span> <span class="cm">* Icons within buttons 746</span> <span class="cm">*/ 747</span><span class="nc">.button</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="nt">svg</span> 748 <span class="na">fill</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">currentcolor</span> 749 <span class="c1">// ... etc.</span> 750 751<span class="cm">/** 752</span> <span class="cm">* Inline button 753</span> <span class="cm">*/ 754</span><span class="nc">.button--inline</span> 755 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">inline-block</span> 756</code></pre></div></div></div></div><div class="note"><p>ÎÏ ÏαÏιÏÏÏ Ïον <a href="https://twitter.com/davidkpiano">David Khourshid</a> για Ïη βοήθεια και Ïην εμÏειÏογνÏμοÏÏνη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοÏÎÏεÏε Ïε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο Ïμήμα.</p></div><h3 id="pattern">Το 7-1 pattern</h3><p>ÎÏιÏÏÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏην αÏÏιÏεκÏονική. Î£Ï Î½Î·Î¸Î¯Î¶Ï Î½Î± Î±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï Î¸Ï Ïο <em>7-1 pattern</em>: 7 ÏακÎÎ»Î¿Ï Ï, 1 αÏÏείο. ÎÏ ÏιαÏÏικά, ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïλα Ïα partials μÎÏα Ïε 7 διαÏ
756οÏεÏικοÏÏ ÏακÎÎ»Î¿Ï Ï, και Îνα αÏÏείο ÏÏο ÏÏÏÏο εÏίÏεδο (ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ Î¼Îµ Ïην ονομαÏία <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">main.scss</code>) Ïο οÏοίο κάνει import Ïλα Ïα άλλα για να Ïα κάνει compile Ïε Îνα CSS stylesheet.</p><ul><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">base/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">components/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">layout/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">pages/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">themes/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">abstracts/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vendors/</code></li></ul><p>Îαι ÏÏ Ïικά:</p><ul><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">main.scss</code></li></ul><div class="note"><p>Îν ÏÎ±Ï ÎµÎ½Î´Î¹Î±ÏÎÏει να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏεÏε Ïο 7-1 pattern, Ï ÏάÏÏει ήδη Ïο <a href="https://github.com/KittyGiraudel/sass-boilerplate">boilerplate</a> ÎÏοιμο ÏÏο GitHub. Î ÏÎÏει να ÏεÏιÎÏει Ïλα ÏÏα ÏÏειάζεÏÏε για να ξεκινήÏεÏε με Î±Ï Ïή Ïην αÏÏιÏεκÏονική.</p></div><figure role="group"><picture> <source sizes="100vw" type="image/avif" srcset="/assets/images/sass-wallpaper_small.avif 540w, /assets/images/sass-wallpaper_medium.avif 900w, /assets/images/sass-wallpaper_large.avif 1200w, /assets/images/sass-wallpaper_huge.avif 1590w" /> <source sizes="100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/assets/images/sass-wallpaper_small.webp 540w, /assets/images/sass-wallpaper_medium.webp 900w, /assets/images/sass-wallpaper_large.webp 1200w, /assets/images/sass-wallpaper_huge.webp 1590w" /> <img data-proofer-ignore="" loading="lazy" alt="Wallpaper αÏÏ Ïον Julien He " sizes="100vw" srcset="/assets/images/sass-wallpaper_small.jpg 540w, /assets/images/sass-wallpaper_medium.jpg 900w, /assets/images/sass-wallpaper_large.jpg 1200w, /assets/images/sass-wallpaper_huge.jpg 1590w" /> </picture><figcaption>Wallpaper αÏÏ Ïον <a href="https://twitter.com/julien_he">Julien He</a></figcaption></figure><p>Îδανικά, μÏοÏοÏμε να καÏÎ±Î»Î®Î¾Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïε κάÏι Ïαν Î±Ï ÏÏ:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper"><div class="language-awk highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nx">sass</span><span class="o">/</span> 757<span class="o">|</span> 758<span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">abstracts</span><span class="o">/</span> 759<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_variables</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># ÎεÏαβληÏÎÏ Sass</span> 760<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_functions</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Î£Ï Î½Î±ÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Sass</span> 761<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_mixins</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Sass Mixins</span> 762<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_placeholders</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Sass placeholders</span> 763<span class="o">|</span> 764<span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">base</span><span class="o">/</span> 765<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_reset</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Reset/normalize</span> 766<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_typography</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># ÎανÏÎ½ÎµÏ ÏÏ ÏογÏαÏίαÏ</span> 767<span class="o">|</span> <span class="err">â¦</span>
767 <span class="c1"># ÎλÏ.</span> 768<span class="o">|</span> 769<span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">components</span><span class="o">/</span> 770<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_buttons</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># ÎÎ¿Ï Î¼Ïιά</span> 771<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_carousel</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Carousel</span> 772<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_cover</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Cover</span> 773<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_dropdown</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Dropdown</span> 774<span class="o">|</span> <span class="err">â¦</span> <span class="c1"># ÎλÏ.</span> 775<span class="o">|</span> 776<span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">layout</span><span class="o">/</span> 777<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_navigation</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># ÎÎµÎ½Î¿Ï ÏλοήγηÏηÏ</span> 778<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_grid</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># ΠλÎγμα</span> 779<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_header</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Header</span> 780<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_footer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Footer</span> 781<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_sidebar</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Sidebar</span> 782<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_forms</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># ΦÏÏμεÏ</span> 783<span class="o">|</span> <span class="err">â¦</span> <span class="c1"># ÎλÏ.</span> 784<span class="o">|</span> 785<span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">pages</span><span class="o">/</span> 786<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_home</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Styles αÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï ÏελίδαÏ</span> 787<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_contact</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Styles ÏÏÏÎ¼Î±Ï ÎµÏικοινÏνίαÏ</span> 788<span class="o">|</span> <span class="err">â¦</span> <span class="c1"># ÎλÏ.</span> 789<span class="o">|</span> 790<span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">themes</span><span class="o">/</span> 791<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_theme</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># ÎÏÏιο theme</span> 792<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_admin</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># ÎιαÏειÏιÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ theme</span> 793<span class="o">|</span> <span class="err">â¦</span> <span class="c1"># ÎλÏ.</span> 794<span class="o">|</span> 795<span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">vendors</span><span class="o">/</span> 796<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_bootstrap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># Bootstrap</span> 797<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">â</span> <span class="nx">_jquery</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">
797ui</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># jQuery UI</span> 798<span class="o">|</span> <span class="err">â¦</span> <span class="c1"># ÎλÏ.</span> 799<span class="o">|</span> 800<span class="err">`â</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">scss</span> <span class="c1"># ÎÏÏιο αÏÏείο Sass</span> 801</code></pre></div></div></div></div><div class="note"><p>Τα αÏÏεία Î±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï Î¸Î¿Ïν Ïην ίδια ονομαÏική ÏÏμβαÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏεÏιγÏάÏαμε ÏαÏαÏάνÏ: είναι οÏιοθεÏημÎνα με κάÏÏ ÏαÏλα.</p></div><h4 id="base">Î¦Î¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Base</h4><p>O ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">base/</code> ÏεÏιÎÏει Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏοκαλοÏμε κÏδικα boilerplate για Ïο project. Îκεί μÏοÏεί να βÏεθεί Ïο reset αÏÏείο, κάÏοια ÏÏ ÏογÏαÏικά rules, και ÏιθανÏÏηÏα Îνα stylesheet (Ïο οÏοίο ÏÏ Î½Î·Î¸Î¯Î¶Ï Î½Î± αÏÎ¿ÎºÎ±Î»Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_base.scss</code>), ÏÏο οÏοίο οÏÎ¯Î¶Ï Î´Î¹Î¬ÏοÏα standard ÏÏÏλ για HTML elements ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏνÏαι ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ.</p><ul><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_base.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_reset.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_typography.scss</code></li></ul><div class="note"><p>Îν Ïο project ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιεί <em>Ïολλά</em> CSS animations, ίÏÏÏ ÏÏÎÏει να ÏκεÏÏείÏε Ïην ÏÏοÏθήκη ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏÏÎµÎ¯Î¿Ï <code>\_animations.scss</code> μÎÏα Ïο οÏοίο θα ÏεÏιÎÏει ÏÎ¿Ï Ï <code>@keyframes</code> οÏιÏμοÏÏ Î±Ïο Ïλα Ïα animations ÏαÏ. Îάν Ïα ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏε ÏεÏιÏÏαÏιακά, αÏήÏÏε Ïα να βÏίÏκονÏαι μαζί ÏÎ¿Ï Ï selectors ÏÎ¿Ï Ïα ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν.</p></div><h4 id="layout">Î¦Î¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Layout</h4><p>Î ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">layout/</code> ÏεÏιÎÏει Ïλα ÏÏα ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ με Ïην δομή ÏÎ¿Ï site ή Ïην εÏαÏμογήÏ. ÎÏ ÏÏÏ Î¿ ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί να ÏεÏιÎÏει stylesheets για Ïα βαÏικά κομμάÏια ÏÎ¿Ï site (header, footer, navigation, sidebarâ¦), Ïο grid system ή ακÏμα και CSS styles για Ïλα Ïα forms.</p><ul><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_grid.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_header.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_footer.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_sidebar.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_forms.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_navigation.scss</code></li></ul><div class="note"><p>Î <code>layout/</code> ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Î¸Î± μÏοÏοÏÏε εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î½Î± ονομαÏÏεί <code>partials/</code>, αναλÏγÏÏ Ïι ÏÏοÏιμάÏε.</p></div><h4 id="components-1">Î¦Î¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Components</h4><p>Îια μικÏÏÏεÏα components, Ï ÏάÏÏει ο ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">components/</code>. ÎÎ½Ï Î¿ ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">layout/</code> είναι <em>macro</em> (καθοÏίζει Ïο Î³ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÏ Î¼Î¿Î½ÏÎλο ÏÎ·Ï ÏελίδαÏ), ο ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">components/</code> είναι εÏικενÏÏÏμÎÎ½Î¿Ï ÏÏα widgets. ΠεÏιÎÏει modules ολÏν ÏÏν ειδÏν ÏÏÏÏ slider, loader, widget, και οÏιδήÏοÏε άλλο ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î±Ï Ïή Ïην καÏεÏÎ¸Ï Î½Ïη. Î£Ï Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïολλά αÏÏεία μÎÏα ÏÏον Ïάκελο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">components/</code>
801 αÏÎ¿Ï Ïλο Ïο site ή η εÏαÏμογή αÏαÏÏίζεÏαι αÏο μικÏά modules.</p><ul><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_media.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_carousel.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_thumbnails.scss</code></li></ul><div class="note"><p>Î ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï <code>components/</code> θα μÏοÏοÏÏε εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î½Î± ονομαÏÏεί <code>modules/</code>, αναλÏÎ³Î¿Ï Ïι ÏÏοÏιμάÏαι.</p></div><h4 id="pages">Î¦Î¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Pages</h4><p>Îν ÎÏεÏε ÏÏÏ
λιÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎºÏδικα μÏνο για ÏÏ
γκεκÏιμÎÎ½ÎµÏ ÏελίδεÏ, είναι ÏÏοÏιμÏÏεÏο να μÏοÏν ÏÏον Ïάκελο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">pages/</code>, Ïε Îνα αÏÏείο ÏοÏ
ÏαίÏνει Ïο ονομά ÏοÏ
αÏÏ Ïην Ïελίδα. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, δεν είναι αÏÏ
νήθιÏÏο Ïο να ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÏ
λιÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎºÏδικα για Ïην αÏÏική Ïελίδα ÎµÎ¾Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ η ανάγκη για Îνα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_home.scss</code> αÏÏείο μÎÏα ÏÏον Ïάκελο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">pages/</code>.</p><ul><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_home.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_contact.scss</code></li></ul><div class="note"><p>Îνάλογα με Ïη διαδικαÏία deployment ÏαÏ, αÏ
Ïά Ïα αÏÏεία θα μÏοÏοÏÏαν να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιηθοÏν αÏο μÏνα ÏοÏ
Ï Î
801³Î¹Î± να να αÏοÏεÏ
Ïθεί η ÏÏ
γÏÏνεÏ
Ïή ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏο ÏÎµÎ»Î¹ÎºÏ stylesheet. Îίναι ÏÏαγμαÏικά ÏÏο ÏÎÏι ÏαÏ.</p></div><h4 id="themes">Î¦Î¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Themes</h4><p>Σε μεγάλα sites και εÏαÏμογÎÏ, δεν είναι αÏÏ
νήθιÏÏο Ïο να ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÏοÏεÏικά θÎμαÏα. Î¥ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν ÏάÏα Ïολλοί ÏÏÏÏοι για να ανÏιμεÏÏÏιÏÎ·Ï Ïο θεμα αÏ
ÏÏ Î±Î»Î»Î¬ ÏÏοÏÏÏικά ÏÏοÏÎ¹Î¼Ï Î½Î± Ïα ÎÏÏ Ïλα μÎÏα ÏÏον Ïάκελο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">themes/</code>.</p><ul><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_theme.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_admin.scss</code></li></ul><div class="note"><p>ÎÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏÏ
γκεκÏιμÎνο ÏÏο project και είναι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏÏάνιο να Ï
ÏάÏÏει Ïε άλλα projects αÏÎ¿Ï Ïα ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα μεγάλα sites και εÏαÏμογÎÏ ÎÏοÏ
ν διαÏ
801οÏεÏικÎÏ Î±ÏαιÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ αÏÏιÏεκÏονική.</p></div><h4 id="abstracts">Î¦Î¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Abstracts</h4><p>Î Î¦Î¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">abstracts/</code> ÏÏ
γκενÏÏÏνει Ïλα Ïα Sass tools και helpers ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏνÏαι Ïε Ïλο Ïο project. Îάθε global μεÏαβληÏή, ÏÏ
νάÏÏηÏη, mixin και placeholder ÏÏÎÏει να μÏει εκεί.</p><p>O γενικÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î½ÏÎ½Î±Ï ÏοÏ
ÏακÎλοÏ
αÏ
ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏι δεν ÏÏÎÏει να ÏαÏάγεÏαι οÏÏε μια γÏαμμή CSS ÏÏαν γίνει compile μÏÎ½Î¿Ï ÏοÏ
γιαÏί αÏλά αÏοÏελείÏαι αÏÏ Sass helpers.</p><ul><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_variables.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_mixins.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_functions.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_placeholders.scss</code></li></ul><p>ÎÏαν δοÏ
λεÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε Îνα ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î¿ project με Ïολλά αÏηÏημÎνα utilities, θα μÏοÏοÏÏÎµÏ Î½Î± Ïα ομαδοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î»Î¿Î³Î± με Ïο θÎμα ÏοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Ïί για Ïον ÏÏÏο ÏοÏ
Ï, για ÏαÏάδειγμα ÏÏ
ÏογÏαÏία (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_typography.scss</code>), theming (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_theming.scss</code>), κÏλ. Îάθε αÏÏείο ÏεÏιÎÏει Ïλα Ïα ÏÏεÏικά helpers: μεÏαβληÏÎÏ, functions, mixins και placeholders. Îε αÏ
ÏÏν Ïον ÏÏÏÏο ο κÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ±Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί να γίνει Ïιο εÏÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï ÏÏην ανάγνÏÏη και Ïην ÏÏ
νÏήÏηÏη, ειδικά ÏÏαν Ïα αÏÏεία γίνονÏαι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î±.</p><div class="note"><p>Î ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï <code>abstracts/</code> θα μÏοÏοÏÏε εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î½Î± ονομαÏÏεί <code>utilities/</code> ή <code>helpers/</code>, αναλÏγÏÏ Ïι ÏÏοÏιμάÏ.</p></div><h4 id="vendors">Î¦Î¬ÎºÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Vendors</h4><p>Îαι ÏελεÏ
Ïαίο αλλά εξίÏοÏ
ÏημανÏικÏ, Ïα ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα projects θα ÎÏοÏ
ν Îναν <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vendors/</code> Ïάκελο ο οÏÎ¿Î¯Î¿Ï ÏεÏιÎÏει Ïλα Ïα CSS αÏÏεία αÏÏ ÎµÎ¾ÏÏεÏικÎÏ Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ ÏÏÏÏ Normalize, Bootstrap, jQueryUI, FancyCarouselSliderjQueryPowered, και οÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¸ÎµÎ¾Î®Ï. ÎάζονÏÎ±Ï Ïα Ïε αÏ
ÏÏν Ïον Ïάκελο είναι ÎÎ
801½Î±Ï καλÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να ÏÎµÎ¯Ï âÎÏ
ÏÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ είναι δικÏÏ Î¼Î¿Ï
κÏδικαÏ, δεν είναι δικιά μοÏ
εÏ
θÏνηâ.</p><ul><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_normalize.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_bootstrap.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_jquery-ui.scss</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_select2.scss</code></li></ul><p>Îν θÎλεÏε να ÏαÏακάμÏεÏε Ïμήμα κάÏοιοÏ
vendor, ÏÏοÏÎµÎ¯Î½Ï Î½Î± ÏÏιάξεÏε Îναν Ïγδοο Ïάκελο με Ïνομα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vendors-extensions/</code> ÏÏο οÏοίο μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± Î²Î¬Î»ÎµÎ¹Ï Î±ÏÏεία ÏοÏ
ÎÏοÏ
ν Ïο ίδιο Ïνομα με Ïο αÏÏείο ÏοÏ
Î¸ÎµÏ Î½Î± ÏαÏακάμÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î±Ïο Ïον Ïάκελο vendors.</p><p>Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vendors-extensions/_boostrap.scss</code>
801 είναι Îνα αÏÏείο ÏÎ¿Ï ÏεÏιÎÏει Ïλα Ïα CSS rules ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏοÏκοÏοÏν ÏÏην εκ νÎÎ¿Ï Î´Î·Î»ÏÏη κάÏοιÏν αÏο ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏοεÏιλεγμÎÎ½ÎµÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Bootstrap. ÎÏÏι δεν ÏÏειάζεÏαι να να ÏειÏÎ¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Î±ÏÎµÏ Î¸ÎµÎ¯Î±Ï Ïα vendor αÏÏεία, Ïο οÏοίο γενικά δεν είναι καλή ιδÎα.</p><h4 id="main">Το αÏÏείο Main</h4><p>Το αÏÏείο main (Ïο οÏοίο ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î¬Î¶ÎµÏαι <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">main.scss</code>) ÏÏÎÏει να είναι Ïο μÏνο Sass αÏÏείο αÏο Ïο ολÏκληÏο Ïο code base ÏÎ¿Ï Î¿ÏÎ¿Î¯Î¿Ï Ïο Ïνομα δεν ξεκινάει αÏο Ïον ÏαÏακÏήÏα ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¬ÏÏ ÏαÏλαÏ. Το αÏÏείο Î±Ï ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ ÏÏÎÏει να ÏεÏιÎÏει ÏίÏοÏα εκÏÏÏ Î±Ïο γÏαμμÎÏ <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@import</code> και ÏÏολίÏν.</p><p>Τα αÏÏεία ÏÏÎÏει να γίνονÏαι import με βάÏη Ïον Ïάκελο ÏÏον οÏοίο βÏίÏκονÏαι, Ïο Îνα μεÏά Ïο άλλο με Ïην ακÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î¸Î· ÏειÏά:</p><ol><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">abstracts/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">vendors/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">base/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">layout/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">components/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">pages/</code></li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">themes/</code></li></ol><p>Î ÏοκειμÎÎ½Î¿Ï Î½Î± διαÏηÏηθεί η αναγνÏÏιμÏÏηÏα, Ïο αÏÏείο main θα ÏÏÎÏει να Î±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï Î¸ÎµÎ¯ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏαÏακάÏÏ ÎºÎ±ÏÎµÏ Î¸Ï Î½ÏήÏÎ¹ÎµÏ Î³ÏαμμÎÏ:</p><ul><li>Îνα αÏÏείο ανα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@import</code>·</li><li>ενα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@import</code> ανα γÏαμμή·</li><li>καμία κενή γÏαμμή μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï Î´Ïο import αÏο Ïον ίδιο Ïάκελο·</li><li>μια κενή γÏαμμή μεÏά αÏο Ïο ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Ïαίο import ενÏÏ ÏακÎÎ»Î¿Ï Â·</li><li>οι εÏεκÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏν αÏÏείÏν και οι ÏαÏακÏήÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ¬ÏÏ ÏαÏÎ»Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοηγοÏνÏαι ÏÏÎÏει να ÏαÏαλειÏθοÏν.</li></ul><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'abstracts/variables'</span><span class="p">;</span> 802<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'abstracts/functions'</span><span class="p">;</span> 803<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'abstracts/mixins'</span><span class="p">;</span> 804<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'abstracts/placeholders'</span><span class="p">;</span> 805 806<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'vendors/bootstrap'</span><span class="p">;</span> 807<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'vendors/jquery-ui'</span><span class="p">;</span> 808 809<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'base/reset'</span><span class="p">;</span> 810<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'base/typography'</span><span class="p">;</span> 811 812<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'layout/navigation'</span><span class="p">;</span> 813<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'layout/grid'</span><span class="p">;</span> 814<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'layout/header'</span><span class="p">;</span> 815<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'layout/footer'</span><span class="p">;</span> 816<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'layout/sidebar'</span><span class="p">;</span> 817<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'layout/forms'</span><span class="p">;</span> 818 819<span class="k">
819@import</span> <span class="s1">'components/buttons'</span><span class="p">;</span> 820<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'components/carousel'</span><span class="p">;</span> 821<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'components/cover'</span><span class="p">;</span> 822<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'components/dropdown'</span><span class="p">;</span> 823 824<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'pages/home'</span><span class="p">;</span> 825<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'pages/contact'</span><span class="p">;</span> 826 827<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'themes/theme'</span><span class="p">;</span> 828<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'themes/admin'</span><span class="p">;</span> 829</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">vendors/bootstrap</span> 830<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">vendors/jquery-ui</span> 831 832<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">utils/variables</span> 833<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">utils/functions</span> 834<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">utils/mixins</span> 835<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">utils/placeholders</span> 836 837<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">base/reset</span> 838<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">base/typography</span> 839 840<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">layout/navigation</span> 841<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">layout/grid</span> 842<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">layout/header</span> 843<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">layout/footer</span> 844<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">layout/sidebar</span> 845<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">layout/forms</span> 846 847<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">components/buttons</span> 848<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">components/carousel</span> 849<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">components/cover</span> 850<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">components/dropdown</span> 851 852<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">pages/home</span> 853<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">pages/contact</span> 854 855<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">themes/theme</span> 856<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">themes/admin</span> 857</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Î¥ÏάÏÏει ακÏμα ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï import partial αÏÏεία Ïον οÏοίο θεÏÏÏ ÎÎ³ÎºÏ Ïο. ΣÏη θεÏική ÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïά, κάνει Ïα αÏÏεία ÎµÏ Î±Î½Î¬Î³Î½ÏÏÏα. ÎÏο Ïην άλλη, Ïα κάνει Î´Ï ÏκολÏÏεÏα ÏÏην ενημÎÏÏÏη. Îν ÏάÏη ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏει, θα αÏήÏÏ ÎµÏÎ¬Ï Î½Î± αÏοÏαÏίÏεÏε Ïοια είναι η καλÏÏεÏη, δεν ÎÏει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏημαÏία. Îια Î±Ï ÏÏν Ïον ÏÏÏÏο, Ïο αÏÏείο main θα ÏÏÎÏει να ÏηÏεί ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÎºÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î¸ÎµÏ ÎºÎ±ÏÎµÏ Î¸Ï Î½ÏήÏÎ¹ÎµÏ Î³ÏαμμÎÏ:</p><ul><li>Îνα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@import</code> ανά Ïάκελο·</li><li>Îνα linebreak ανά <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@import</code>·</li><li>κάθε αÏÏεία Ïε δικιά ÏÎ¿Ï Î³Ïαμμή·</li><li>μια κενή γÏαμμή μεÏά Ïο ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Ïαίο import ενÏÏ ÏακÎÎ»Î¿Ï Â·</li><li>οι εÏεκÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏν αÏÏείÏν και οι ÏαÏακÏήÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ¬ÏÏ ÏαÏÎ»Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοηγοÏνÏαι ÏÏÎÏει να ÏαÏαλειÏθοÏν.</li></ul><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@import</span> 858 <span class="s1">'abstracts/variables'</span><span class="o">,</span> 859 <span class="s1">'abstracts/functions'</span><span class="o">,</span> 860 <span class="s1">'abstracts/mixins'</span><span class="o">,</span> 861 <span class="s1">'abstracts/placeholders'</span><span class="p">;</span> 862 863<span class="k">
863@import</span> 864 <span class="s1">'vendors/bootstrap'</span><span class="o">,</span> 865 <span class="s1">'vendors/jquery-ui'</span><span class="p">;</span> 866 867<span class="k">@import</span> 868 <span class="s1">'base/reset'</span><span class="o">,</span> 869 <span class="s1">'base/typography'</span><span class="p">;</span> 870 871<span class="k">@import</span> 872 <span class="s1">'layout/navigation'</span><span class="o">,</span> 873 <span class="s1">'layout/grid'</span><span class="o">,</span> 874 <span class="s1">'layout/header'</span><span class="o">,</span> 875 <span class="s1">'layout/footer'</span><span class="o">,</span> 876 <span class="s1">'layout/sidebar'</span><span class="o">,</span> 877 <span class="s1">'layout/forms'</span><span class="p">;</span> 878 879<span class="k">@import</span> 880 <span class="s1">'components/buttons'</span><span class="o">,</span> 881 <span class="s1">'components/carousel'</span><span class="o">,</span> 882 <span class="s1">'components/cover'</span><span class="o">,</span> 883 <span class="s1">'components/dropdown'</span><span class="p">;</span> 884 885<span class="k">@import</span> 886 <span class="s1">'pages/home'</span><span class="o">,</span> 887 <span class="s1">'pages/contact'</span><span class="p">;</span> 888 889<span class="k">@import</span> 890 <span class="s1">'themes/theme'</span><span class="o">,</span> 891 <span class="s1">'themes/admin'</span><span class="p">;</span> 892</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@import</span> 893 <span class="nt">vendors</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">bootstrap</span><span class="o">,</span> 894 <span class="nt">vendors</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">jquery-ui</span> 895 896<span class="k">@import</span> 897 <span class="nt">utils</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">variables</span><span class="o">,</span> 898 <span class="nt">utils</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">functions</span><span class="o">,</span> 899 <span class="nt">utils</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">mixins</span><span class="o">,</span> 900 <span class="nt">utils</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">placeholders</span> 901 902<span class="k">@import</span> 903 <span class="nt">base</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">reset</span><span class="o">,</span> 904 <span class="nt">base</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">typography</span> 905 906<span class="k">@import</span> 907 <span class="nt">layout</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">navigation</span><span class="o">,</span> 908 <span class="nt">layout</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">grid</span><span class="o">,</span> 909 <span class="nt">layout</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">header</span><span class="o">,</span> 910 <span class="nt">layout</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">footer</span><span class="o">,</span> 911 <span class="nt">layout</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">sidebar</span><span class="o">,</span> 912 <span class="nt">layout</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">forms</span> 913 914<span class="k">@import</span> 915 <span class="nt">components</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">buttons</span><span class="o">,</span> 916 <span class="nt">components</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">carousel</span><span class="o">,</span> 917 <span class="nt">components</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">cover</span><span class="o">,</span> 918 <span class="nt">components</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">dropdown</span> 919 920<span class="k">@import</span> 921 <span class="nt">pages</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">home</span><span class="o">,</span> 922 <span class="nt">pages</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">contact</span> 923 924<span class="k">@import</span> 925 <span class="nt">themes</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">theme</span><span class="o">,</span> 926 <span class="nt">themes</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nt">admin</span> 927</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h3 id="globbing">ΣÏεÏικά με Ïο globbing</h3><p>ΣÏον ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÎ¼Ï Î·Î»ÎµÎºÏÏονικÏν Ï ÏολογιÏÏÏν, Ïα glob patterns καθοÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ ÏÏνολα ονομάÏÏν αÏÏείÏν με ÏαÏακÏήÏÎµÏ Î¼ÏαλανÏÎÏ, ÏÏÏÏ <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">*.scss</code>. Îενικά, Ïο globbing είναι η εÏιλογή ενÏÏ ÏÏνολο αÏÏείÏν βαÏιζÏμενη Ïε Îνα expression ανÏί κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î±Ï Î»Î¯ÏÏÎ±Ï Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î¬ÏÏν αÏÏείÏν. ÎÏαν εÏαÏμÏζεÏαι ÏÏη Sass, Ïημαίνει Ïο import partial αÏÏείÏν μÎÏα ÏÏο <a href="#main">αÏÏείο main</a> με Îνα glob pattern ανÏί ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± Ïα αÏαÏιθμήÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ μεμονÏμÎνα. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î¸Î± Îκανε Ïο αÏÏείο main να μοιάζει κάÏÏÏ ÎÏÏι:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">
927@import</span> <span class="s1">'abstracts/*'</span><span class="p">;</span> 928<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'vendors/*'</span><span class="p">;</span> 929<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'base/*'</span><span class="p">;</span> 930<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'layout/*'</span><span class="p">;</span> 931<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'components/*'</span><span class="p">;</span> 932<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'pages/*'</span><span class="p">;</span> 933<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s1">'themes/*'</span><span class="p">;</span> 934</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">'abstracts/*'</span> 935<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">'vendors/*'</span> 936<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">'base/*'</span> 937<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">'layout/*'</span> 938<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">'components/*'</span> 939<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">'pages/*'</span> 940<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">'themes/*'</span> 941</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Î Sass δεν Ï ÏοÏÏηÏίζει Ïο file globbing αÏο μÏνο ÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î±Ïί μÏοÏεί να είναι μια εÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¯Î½Î´Ï Î½Î· λειÏÎ¿Ï Ïγία γιαÏί ÏÏη CSS Ï ÏάÏÏει ÏÏοÏεÏαιÏÏηÏα ÏÏην ÏειÏά ÏÏν δηλÏÏεÏν. ÎÏαν ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ import αÏÏείÏν Î´Ï Î½Î±Î¼Î¹ÎºÎ¬ (Ïο οÏοίο ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ Î³Î¯Î½ÎµÏαι με αλÏαβηÏική ÏειÏά), ÏάνεÏαι ο ÎλεγÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏειÏÎ¬Ï ÏÏοÏεÏαιÏÏηÏαÏ, κάÏι ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί να οδηγήÏει Ïε ÏαÏενÎÏγειεÏ.</p><p>ÎαÏÏÏιν Î±Ï ÏοÏ, Ïε μια Î±Ï ÏÏηÏή component-based αÏÏιÏεκÏονική με εÏιÏλÎον ÏÏοÏοÏή ÏÏοÏοÏή ÏÏο να μη διαÏÏεÏÏει κανÎνα style αÏÏ Îνα partial ÏÏο άλλο, η ÏειÏά δεν θα âÏÏεÏε να ÎÏει ÏημαÏία Ïια, κάÏι Ïο οÏοίο θα εÏÎÏÏεÏε Ïα glob imports. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î¸Î± καθιÏÏοÏÏε ÎµÏ ÎºÎ¿Î»ÏÏεÏη Ïην ÏÏÏÏθεÏη ή αÏαίÏεÏη partials, Î¼Î¹Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ δεν θα ήÏαν ÏλÎον αÏαÏαίÏηÏη η ÏÏοÏεκÏική ενημÎÏÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏÏÎµÎ¯Î¿Ï main.</p><p>Îια Ïη ÏÏήÏη Ruby Sass, Ï ÏάÏÏει Îνα Ruby gem ÏÎ¿Ï Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î¬Î¶ÎµÏαι <a href="https://github.com/chriseppstein/sass-globbing">sass-globbing</a> ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιÏÏÎÏει ακÏιβÏÏ Î±Ï Ïή Ïη ÏÏ Î¼ÏεÏιÏοÏά. Îν ÏμÏÏ ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏε node-sass, μÏοÏείÏε να βαÏιÏÏείÏε είÏε ÏÏο Node.js, είÏε Ïε οÏοιοδήÏοÏε build tool ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏε για να κάνεÏε Ïο compilation (Gulp, Grunt, etc.).</p><h3 id="shame">Το αÏÏείο Shame</h3><p>Î¥ÏάÏÏει μια ενδιαÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Ïα ιδÎα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏει γίνει δημοÏÎ¹Î»Î®Ï Î±Ïο ÏÎ¿Ï Ï <a href="https://csswizardry.com">Harry Roberts</a>, <a href="https://daverupert.com">Dave Rupert</a> και <a href="https://css-tricks.com">Chris Coyier</a> η οÏοία ÏÏ Î½Î¹ÏÏά να Î²Î¬Î¶Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïλα Ïα CSS declarations, hacks και ÏÏάγμαÏα για Ïα οÏοία δεν είμαÏÏε ÏεÏήÏανοι μÎÏα ÏÏο <a href="https://csswizardry.com/2013/04/shame-css-full-net-interview/">αÏÏείο <em>shame</em></a>. ÎÏ ÏÏ Ïο αÏÏείο, με Ïον δÏαμαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏίÏλο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">_shame.scss</code>, θα γινÏÏαν import μεÏά αÏÏ Ïλα Ïα άλλα αÏÏεία ÏÏο ÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï stylesheet.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cm">/** 942 * ÎιÏÏθÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοβλήμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏο specificity ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï ÏλοήγηÏηÏ. 943 * 944 * ÎάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοίηÏε Îνα ID ÏÏον κÏδικα ÏÎ¿Ï header (`#header a {}`) Ïο οÏοίο Ï ÏεÏβαίνει 945 * Ïα nav selectors (`.site-nav a {}`). ΧÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε !important για να Ïο ÏαÏακάμÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ μÎÏÏι 946 * να βÏÏ ÏÏÏνο να διοÏθÏÏÏ Ïα θÎμαÏα ÏÎ¿Ï header. 947 */</span> 948<span class="nc">.site-nav</span> <span class="nt">a</span> <span class="p">{</span> 949 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mh">#BADA55</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">important</span><span class="p">;</span> 950<span class="p">}</span> 951</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cm">/** 952</span> <span class="cm">* ÎιÏÏθÏÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοβλήμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏο specificity ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï ÏλοήγηÏηÏ. 953</span> <span class="cm">* 954</span> <span class="cm">* ÎάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοίηÏε Îνα ID ÏÏον κÏδικα ÏÎ¿Ï header (`#header a {}`) Ïο οÏοίο Ï ÏεÏβαίνει 955</span> <span class="cm">* Ïα nav selectors (`.site-nav a {}`). ΧÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε !important για να Ïο ÏαÏακάμÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ μÎÏÏι 956</span> <span class="cm">* να βÏÏ ÏÏÏνο να διοÏθÏÏÏ Ïα θÎμαÏα ÏÎ¿Ï header. 957</span> <span class="cm">*/ 958</span><span class="nc">.site-nav</span> <span class="nt">a</span> 959 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mh">#BADA55</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">important</span> 960</code></pre></div></div></div></div></section><section id="chapter-rwd" class="chapter chapter--rwd"><h2 id="responsive-web-design--breakpoints">Responsive Web Design και breakpoints</h2><p>Îε Î½Î¿Î¼Î¯Î¶Ï ÏÏι ÏÏειάζεÏαι να ÎºÎ¬Î½Ï ÎºÎ¬Ïοια ειÏαγÏγή για Ïο Responsive Web Design ÏÏÏα ÏÎ¿Ï Î²ÏίÏκεÏαι ÏανÏοÏ. ΠάÏÎ±Ï Ïα μÏοÏεί να αναÏÏÏÎ·Î¸ÎµÎ¯Ï <em>γιαÏί Ï ÏάÏÏει ενÏÏηÏα για Ïο RWD ÏÏο Sass styleguide;</em> ÎαÏικά Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ μεÏικά ÏÏάγμαÏα ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να Î³Î¯Î½Î¿Ï Î½ για να Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïιο εÏκολα με Ïα breakpoints, οÏÏÏε ÏκÎÏÏηκα ÏÏι δε θα ήÏαν κακή ιδÎα να Ïα ÏαÏÎ¿Ï ÏιάÏÏ ÎµÎ´Ï.</p><h3 id="breakpoints">ÎνομάζονÏÎ±Ï Ïα breakpoints</h3><p>ÎÎ¿Î¼Î¯Î¶Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏμε να ÏοÏμε με αÏÏάλεια ÏÏι Ïα media queries δεν ÏÏÎÏει να δεÏμεÏονÏαι Ïε ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎÎ½ÎµÏ ÏÏ ÏÎºÎµÏ ÎÏ. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, είναι ÏÏαγμαÏικά κακή ιδÎα να ÏÏοÏεÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ iPads ή κινηÏά Blackberry ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎνα. Τα media queries ÏÏÎÏει να μεÏιμνοÏν για Îνα εÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³ÎθÏν οθονÏν, ÎÏÏ ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¿ ÏÏεδιαÏμÏÏ Î½Î± διακοÏεί και Ïο εÏÏμενο media αναλαμβάνει.</p><p>Îια ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¯Î´Î¹Î¿Ï Ï Î»ÏÎ³Î¿Ï Ï, Ïα breakpoints δεν ÏÏÎÏει να ονομάζονÏαι βάÏει ÏÏ ÏÎºÎµÏ Ïν αλλά με Ïιο γενικά κÏιÏήÏια. Îιδικά δεδομÎÎ
960½Î¿Ï ÏÏι μεÏικά κινηÏά είναι ÏλÎον μεγαλÏÏεÏα αÏÏ tablets, μεÏικά tablets μεγαλÏÏεÏα αÏÏ Î¼Î¹ÎºÏÎÏ Î¿Î¸ÏÎ½ÎµÏ Ï ÏολογιÏÏÏν, και Ïάει λÎγονÏαÏâ¦</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 961<span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> 962 <span class="s1">'medium'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">800px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> 963 <span class="s1">'large'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1000px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> 964 <span class="s1">'huge'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> 965<span class="p">);</span> 966 967<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 968<span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> 969 <span class="s1">'tablet'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">800px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> 970 <span class="s1">'computer'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1000px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> 971 <span class="s1">'tv'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> 972<span class="p">);</span> 973</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 974<span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'medium'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">800px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'large'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1000px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'huge'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="p">))</span> 975 976<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 977<span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'tablet'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">800px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'computer'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1000px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'tv'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="p">))</span> 978</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p><a href="https://css-tricks.com/naming-media-queries/">Σâ Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο Ïημείο</a>, οÏοιαδήÏοÏε ονομαÏολογική ÏÏμβαÏη ξεκαθαÏίζει ÏÏι Îνα design δεν είναι άμεÏα ÏÏ Î½Î´ÎµÎ´ÎµÎ¼Îνο με Îνα ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎνο ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï ÏÏ ÏÎºÎµÏ Î®Ï, Î¼Î±Ï ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹, αÏκεί να ÏÏοκÏÏÏει μια Ïάξη μεγÎÎ¸Î¿Ï Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïο Ïνομα.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> 979 <span class="s1">'ÏÏÏÏοÏ'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">800px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> 980 <span class="s1">'βλαÏÏÏÏ'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1000px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> 981 <span class="s1">'ÏÏ ÏÏ'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> 982<span class="p">);</span> 983</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ÏÏÏÏοÏ'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">800px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'βλαÏÏÏÏ'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1000px</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'ÏÏ ÏÏ'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="p">))</span> 984</code></pre></div></div></div></div><div class="note"><p>Τα ÏÏοηγοÏμενα ÏαÏαδείγμαÏα ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν nested maps για να καθοÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î½ breakpoints, ÏαÏâ Ïλâ Î±Ï Ïά εξαÏÏάÏαι αÏÏ Ïο ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÏειÏιÏÏή ÏÏν breakpoints ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏ. ÎÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏοÏιμήÏÎµÎ¹Ï strings ανÏί για inner maps για μεγαλÏÏεÏη ÎµÏ ÎµÎ»Î¹Î¾Î¯Î± (Ï.Ï. <code>'(min-width: 800px)'</code>).</p></div><h3 id="breakpoints-1">ÎιαÏειÏιÏÏÎ®Ï ÏÏν breakpoints</h3><p>ÎÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î¬Ïει Ïα breakpoints ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏÏ Î¸ÎµÏ, ÏÏÎÏει να Ïα ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε ÏÏαγμαÏικά media queries. Î¥ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïολλοί ÏÏÏÏοι να Ïο ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Î±Î»Î»Î¬ είμαι Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î¿Ï Ï ÏοÏÏηÏικÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ¿Ï breakpoint map Ïο οÏοίο διαβάζεÏαι αÏÏ Î¼Î¯Î± getter ÏÏ Î½Î¬ÏÏηÏη. ÎÏ ÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏÏημα είναι αÏÎ»Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ αÏοÏελεÏμαÏικÏ.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// Responsive manager</span> 985<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 986<span class="c1">/// @param {String}
986 $breakpoint - Breakpoint</span> 987<span class="c1">/// @requires $breakpoints</span> 988<span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">respond-to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$breakpoint</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 989 <span class="nv">$raw-query</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">map-get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$breakpoint</span><span class="p">);</span> 990 991 <span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nv">$raw-query</span> <span class="p">{</span> 992 <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">if</span><span class="p">(</span> 993 <span class="nf">type-of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$raw-query</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'string'</span><span class="o">,</span> 994 <span class="nf">unquote</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$raw-query</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> 995 <span class="nf">inspect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$raw-query</span><span class="p">)</span> 996 <span class="p">);</span> 997 998 <span class="k">@media</span> <span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="si">}</span> <span class="p">{</span> 999 <span class="k">@content</span><span class="p">;</span> 1000 <span class="p">}</span> 1001 <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">@else</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1002 <span class="k">@error</span> <span class="s1">'Îεν βÏÎθηκε Ïιμή για Ïο `</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$breakpoint</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">`. '</span> 1003 <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s1">'ΠαÏÎ±ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î²ÎµÎ²Î±Î¹ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏ Ïο ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿ÏίÏει μÎÏα ÏÏο `$breakpoints` map.'</span><span class="p">;</span> 1004 <span class="p">}</span> 1005<span class="p">}</span> 1006</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// Responsive manager</span> 1007<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 1008<span class="c1">/// @param {String}
1008 $breakpoint - Breakpoint</span> 1009<span class="c1">/// @requires $breakpoints</span> 1010<span class="nf">=respond-to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$breakpoint</span><span class="p">)</span> 1011 <span class="nv">$raw-query</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">map-get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$breakpoints</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$breakpoint</span><span class="p">)</span> 1012 1013 <span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nv">$raw-query</span> 1014 <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">type-of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$raw-query</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'string'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nf">unquote</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$raw-query</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nf">inspect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$raw-query</span><span class="p">))</span> 1015 1016 <span class="k">@media</span> <span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="si">}</span> 1017 <span class="k">@content</span> 1018 1019 <span class="k">@else</span> 1020 <span class="k">@error</span> <span class="s1">'Îεν βÏÎθηκε Ïιμή για Ïο `</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$breakpoint</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">`. '</span> 1021 <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s1">'ΠαÏÎ±ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î²ÎµÎ²Î±Î¹ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏ Ïο ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿ÏίÏει μÎÏα ÏÏο `$breakpoints` map.'</span> 1022</code></pre></div></div></div></div><div class="note"><p>Î ÏοÏανÏÏ, ÏÏÏκειÏαι για Îναν αÏÎ»Î¿Ï ÏÏÎµÏ Î¼Îνο διαÏειÏιÏÏή ÏÏν breakpoints. Îν ÏÏειάζεÏÏε κάÏι Ïιο ÎµÏ ÎλικÏο, ÏÏοÏÎµÎ¯Î½Ï Î½Î± μην ανακαλÏÏεÏε ξανά Ïον ÏÏοÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏεÏε κάÏι ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÏει αÏοδειÏÏεί αÏοÏελεÏμαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏ Ïο <a href="https://github.com/sass-mq/sass-mq">Sass-MQ</a>, Ïο <a href="http://breakpoint-sass.com/">Breakpoint</a> ή Ïο <a href="https://github.com/eduardoboucas/include-media">include-media</a>.</p><p>Îν ÏάÏνεÏε ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο Ï Î»Î¹ÎºÏ Î³Î¹Î± διάβαÏμα ÏÏο ÏÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÏοÏεγγίÏεÏε Ïα Media Queries ÏÏη Sass, ÏÏÏο Ïο <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/managing-responsive-breakpoints-sass/">SitePoint</a> (αÏÏ Ïον Ï ÏοÏαινÏμενο) ÏÏο και Ïο <a href="https://css-tricks.com/approaches-media-queries-sass/">CSS-Tricks</a> ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏαία άÏθÏα ÏÏεÏικά με Ïο θÎμα Î±Ï ÏÏ.</p></div><h3 id="media-queries">ΧÏήÏη ÏÏν media Queries</h3><p>ÎÎÏÏι ÏÏÏÏÏαÏα Ï ÏήÏÏε μια διαμάÏη για Ïο ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏÎÏει να γÏάÏονÏαι Ïα media queries: Î±Î½Î®ÎºÎ¿Ï Î½ μÎÏα ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï selectors (η Sass Ïο εÏιÏÏÎÏει) ή ÏÏÎÏει να είναι Î±Ï ÏÏηÏά εκÏÏÏ; ÎÏοÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÏ ÏÏι είμαι θεÏμÏÏ Ï ÏοÏÏηÏικÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ ÏÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï <em>media-queries-μÎÏα-Ïε-selectors</em>, γιαÏί ÏιÏÏεÏÏ ÏÏÏ ÏÏ Î½Î´Î¹Î¬Î¶ÎµÏαι καλά με Ïη λογική ÏÏν <em>components</em>.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1023 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span><span class="p">;</span> 1024 1025 <span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">respond-to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'medium'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1026 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">blue</span><span class="p">;</span> 1027 <span class="p">}</span> 1028<span class="p">}</span> 1029</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> 1030 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span> 1031 1032 <span class="nd">+respond-to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'medium'</span><span class="p">)</span> 1033 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">blue</span> 1034</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ΠαÏάγει Ïο ÎµÎ¾Î®Ï Î±ÏοÏÎλεÏμα Ïε CSS:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper"><div class="language-css highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1035 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">red</span><span class="p">;</span> 1036<span class="p">}</span> 1037 1038<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">800px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1039 <span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1040 <span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">blue</span><span class="p">;</span> 1041 <span class="p">}</span> 1042<span class="p">}</span> 1043</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏοÏεί να ÎÏεÏε ακοÏÏει ÏÏι Î±Ï Ïή η ÏÏμβαÏη οδηγεί Ïε εÏαναλαμβανÏμενα media queries ÏÏη CSS. Î Ïάγμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î¹ÏÏÏει. ΠαÏâ Ïλα Î±Ï Ïά, ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ γίνει δοκιμÎÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïο ÏÏÏιÏμα είναι ÏÏι δεν ÎÏει ÏημαÏία εÏÏÏον Ïο Gzip (ή κάÏι ανάλογο) ÎÏει κάνει Ï,Ïι κάνει:</p><blockquote><p>⦠we hashed out whether there were performance implications of combining vs scattering Media Queries and came to the conclusion that the difference, while ugly, is minimal at worst, essentially non-existent at best.<br /> â Sam Richards, regarding Breakpoint</p></blockquote><p>ÎÏÏÏε, αν ÏÏαγμαÏικά ÏÎ±Ï Î±ÏαÏÏολοÏν Ïα εÏαναλαμβανÏμενα media queries, μÏοÏείÏε να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏεÏε Îνα εÏγαλείο για να Ïα ÏÏ Î³ÏÏνεÏÏεÏε ÏÏÏÏ <a href="https://github.com/aaronjensen/sass-media_query_combiner">Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο gem</a>, αν και ÏÏÎÏει να ÏÏοειδοÏοιήÏÏ ÏÏι μÏοÏεί να ÎÏεÏε ÏαÏενÎÏÎ³ÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ Î¼Îµ Ïο να μεÏακινείÏε CSS ÏάνÏ-κάÏÏ. ÎνÏÏίζεÏε ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î¬ ÏÏι η ÏειÏά ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÎºÏδικα είναι ÏημανÏική.</p></section><div class="donate "><div class="donate__content"><p>
1043Îν εκÏίμηÏÎµÏ Ïα Sass Guidelines, ÏÏήÏιξε Ïην ÏÏοÏÏάθεια.</p><a href="https://gum.co/sass-guidelines" class="button " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-euro"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only"></span> Î¥ÏοÏÏηÏίξÏε Ïο Sass Guidelines </a></div></div><section id="chapter-variables" class="chapter chapter--variables"><h2 id="section-26">ÎεÏαβληÏÎÏ</h2><p>Îι μεÏαβληÏÎÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ η Î¿Ï Ïία κάθε ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï Î³Î»ÏÏÏαÏ. ÎÎ±Ï ÎµÏιÏÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ να εÏαναÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε ÏιμÎÏ ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏειάζεÏαι να ÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î½ÏιγÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ξανά και ξανά. ÎÏ ÏίÏÏ, ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î½ Ïην ενημÎÏÏÏη Î¼Î¹Î±Ï ÏÎ¹Î¼Î®Ï ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎµÏκολη. Îε ÏÏειάζεÏαι ÏλÎον να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ αναζήÏηÏη και ανÏικαÏάÏÏαÏη ή ÏειÏοκίνηÏη ÏάÏÏÏη.</p><p>ΠαÏâ Ïλα Î±Ï Ïά η CCS δεν είναι ÏίÏοÏα άλλο ÏαÏά Îνα μεγάλο καλάθι ÏÎ¿Ï ÏεÏιÎÏει Ïλα Î¼Î±Ï Ïα αβγά. Σε ανÏίθεÏη με ÏολλÎÏ Î³Î»ÏÏÏεÏ, δεν Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÏαγμαÏικά scopes ÏÏη CSS. ÎξαιÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î±Ï ÏοÏ, ÏÏÎÏει να ÏÏοÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏάÏα ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏÏαν ÏÏοÏθÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ μεÏαβληÏÎÏ Î´Î¹ÏÏι Ï ÏάÏÏει ο ÎºÎ¯Î½Î´Ï Î½Î¿Ï Î½Î± ανÏιμεÏÏÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏοβλήμαÏα.</p><p>Î ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¿Ï Î»Î® Î¼Î¿Ï Î¸Î± ήÏαν να Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγείÏε μεÏαβληÏÎÏ Î¼Ïνο ÏÏαν ÎÏει νÏημα να Ïο κάνεÏε. Îην αÏÏικοÏοιείÏε μεÏαβληÏÎÏ Î±Ïλά για να Ïο κάνεÏε, δεν θα βοηθήÏει. Îία νÎα μεÏαβληÏή ÏÏÎÏει να Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγείÏαι μÏνο ÏÏαν ιÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïλα Ïα ÏαÏακάÏÏ ÎºÏιÏήÏια:</p><ul><li>η Ïιμή εÏαναλαμβάνεÏαι ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¬ÏιÏÏον δÏο ÏοÏÎÏ·</li><li>η Ïιμή καÏά ÏάÏα ÏιθανÏÏηÏα θα ανανεÏθεί ÏÎ¿Ï Î»Î¬ÏιÏÏον μια ÏοÏά·</li><li>ÏÎ»ÎµÏ Î¿Î¹ εμÏανίÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¹Î¼Î®Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏ Î½Î´ÎµÎ´ÎµÎ¼ÎÎ½ÎµÏ Î¼Îµ Ïη μεÏαβληÏή (Ï.Ï. ÏÏι αÏÏ ÏÏμÏÏÏÏη)</li></ul><p>ÎαÏικά, δεν Ï ÏάÏÏει λÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î½Î± δηλÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ μια μεÏαβληÏή η οÏοία δεν θα ανανεÏθεί ÏοÏΠή ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏαι Ïε Îνα μÏνο μÎÏοÏ.</p><h3 id="scoping">Scoping</h3><p>Το scoping ÏÏν μεÏαβληÏÏν ÏÏη Sass ÎÏει αλλάξει με Ïα ÏÏÏνια. ÎÎÏÏι αÏκεÏά ÏÏÏÏÏαÏα, οι δηλÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÏν μÎÏα Ïε Îνα ÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î½ÏνÏν και Ïε άλλα scopes ήÏαν ÏοÏικÎÏ Î±ÏÏ ÏÏοεÏιλογή. ΠαÏâ Ïλα Î±Ï Ïά ÏÏαν Ï ÏήÏÏε ήδη μία global μεÏαβληÏή με Ïο ίδιο Ïνομα, η ÏοÏική ανάθεÏη άλλαζε Ïην global μεÏαβληÏή. ÎÏÏ Ïην ÎκδοÏη 3.4 και μεÏά, η Sass ÏειÏίζεÏαι ÏÏÏÏά Ïην Îννοια ÏÏν scopes και Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï Ïγεί μια καινοÏÏια ÏοÏική μεÏαβληÏή.</p><p>Τα ÎγγÏαÏα αναÏÎÏονÏαι ÏÏην <em>εÏιÏκίαÏη global μεÏαβληÏήÏ</em>. ÎÏαν δηλÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μια μεÏαβληÏή η οÏοία Ï ÏάÏÏει ήδη ÏÏο global scope, Ïε Îνα εÏÏÏεÏÎ¹ÎºÏ scope (selector, ÏÏ Î½Î¬ÏÏηÏη, mixinâ¦), λÎμε ÏÏι η ÏοÏική μεÏαβληÏή <em>εÏιÏκιάζει</em> Ïην global. ÎαÏικά, Ïην ÏαÏακάμÏÏει μÏνο για Ïο local scope.</p><p>Το ακÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î¸Î¿ κομμάÏι κÏδικα εξηγεί Ïην Îννοια ÏÎ·Ï <em>εÏιÏκίαÏÎ·Ï Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏήÏ</em>.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// ÎÏÏικοÏοίηÏε μια global μεÏαβληÏή Ïε εÏίÏεδο root.</span> 1044<span class="nv">$variable</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">
1044'initial value'</span><span class="p">;</span> 1045 1046<span class="c1">// ÎημιοÏÏγηÏε Îνα mixin ÏÎ¿Ï ÏαÏακάμÏÏει Ïην global μεÏαβληÏή.</span> 1047<span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">global-variable-overriding</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1048 <span class="nv">$variable</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'mixin value'</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">global</span><span class="p">;</span> 1049<span class="p">}</span> 1050 1051<span class="err">.</span><span class="na">local-scope</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="n">before</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1052 <span class="c1">// ÎημιοÏÏγηÏε μια ÏοÏική μεÏαβληÏή ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιÏκιάζει Ïην global.</span> 1053 <span class="nv">$variable</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'local value'</span><span class="p">;</span> 1054 1055 <span class="c1">// Îάνε include Ïο mixin: ÏαÏακάμÏÏει Ïην global μεÏαβληÏή.</span> 1056 <span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">global-variable-overriding</span><span class="p">;</span> 1057 1058 <span class="c1">// ΤÏÏÏÏε Ïην Ïιμή ÏÎ·Ï Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏήÏ.</span> 1059 <span class="c1">// Îίναι η **ÏοÏική** μεÏαβληÏή, εÏÏÏον εÏιÏκιάζει Ïην global.</span> 1060 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$variable</span><span class="p">;</span> 1061<span class="p">}</span> 1062 1063<span class="c1">// ΤÏÏÏÏε Ïην μεÏαβληÏή Ïε άλλον selector ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ κάνει εÏιÏκίαÏη.</span> 1064<span class="c1">// Îίναι η **global** μεÏαβληÏή, ÏÏÏÏ Î®Ïαν αναμενÏμενο.</span> 1065<span class="err">.</span><span class="na">other-local-scope</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="n">before</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1066 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$variable</span><span class="p">;</span> 1067<span class="p">}</span> 1068</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// ÎÏÏικοÏοίηÏε μια global μεÏαβληÏή Ïε εÏίÏεδο root.</span> 1069<span class="nv">$variable</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'initial value'</span> 1070 1071<span class="c1">// ÎημιοÏÏγηÏε Îνα mixin ÏÎ¿Ï ÏαÏακάμÏÏει Ïην global μεÏαβληÏή.</span> 1072<span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">global-variable-overriding</span> 1073 <span class="nv">$variable</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'mixin value'</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">global</span> 1074 1075<span class="err">.</span><span class="na">local-scope</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="n">before</span> 1076 <span class="c1">// ÎημιοÏÏγηÏε μια ÏοÏική μεÏαβληÏή ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιÏκιάζει Ïην global.</span> 1077 <span class="nv">$variable</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'local value'</span> 1078 1079 <span class="c1">// Îάνε include Ïο mixin: ÏαÏακάμÏÏει Ïην global μεÏαβληÏή.</span> 1080 <span class="nd">+global-variable-overriding</span> 1081 1082 <span class="c1">// ΤÏÏÏÏε Ïην Ïιμή ÏÎ·Ï Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏήÏ.</span> 1083 <span class="c1">// Îίναι η **ÏοÏική** μεÏαβληÏή, εÏÏÏον εÏιÏκιάζει Ïην global.</span> 1084 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$variable</span> 1085 1086<span class="c1">// ΤÏÏÏÏε Ïην μεÏαβληÏή Ïε άλλον selector ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ κάνει εÏιÏκίαÏη.</span> 1087<span class="c1">// Îίναι η **global** μεÏαβληÏή, ÏÏÏÏ Î®Ïαν αναμενÏμενο.</span> 1088<span class="err">.</span><span class="na">other-local-scope</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="n">before</span> 1089 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$variable</span> 1090</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h3 id="default-flag"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!default</code> flag</h3><p>ÎÏαν ÏÏιάÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μια βιβλιοθήκη, Îνα framework, Îνα grid system ή Îνα άλλο κομμάÏι Sass Ïο οÏοίο ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏκοÏÏ Î½Î± Ïο Î´Î¹Î±Î½ÎµÎ¯Î¼Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ και να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιηθεί αÏÏ ÎµÎ¾ÏÏεÏικοÏÏ developers, ÏÎ»ÎµÏ Î¿Î¹ μεÏαβληÏÎÏ ÏαÏαμεÏÏοÏοίηÏÎ·Ï ÏÏÎÏει να δηλÏθοÏν με Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!default</code> flag ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏε να μÏοÏοÏν να ανÏικαÏαÏÏαθοÏν.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1em</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span> 1091</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">$baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1em</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span> 1092</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ΧάÏη Ïâ Î±Ï ÏÏ, ο developer μÏοÏεί να οÏίÏει Ïη δική ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏή <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">$baseline</code> <em>ÏÏοÏοÏ</em> ειÏάγει Ïην βιλιοθήκη ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± εÏαναÏÏοÏδιοÏιÏÏεί η Ïιμή ÏÎ¿Ï .</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// ΠμεÏαβληÏή ÏÎ¿Ï developer</span> 1093<span class="nv">$baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2em</span><span class="p">;</span> 1094 1095<span class="c1">// ΠδήλÏÏη `$baseline` ÏÎ·Ï Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎ·Ï ÏαÏ</span> 1096<span class="k">
1096@import</span> <span class="s1">'your-library'</span><span class="p">;</span> 1097 1098<span class="c1">// $baseline == 2em;</span> 1099</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// ΠμεÏαβληÏή ÏÎ¿Ï developer</span> 1100<span class="nv">$baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2em</span> 1101 1102<span class="c1">// ΠδήλÏÏη `$baseline` ÏÎ·Ï Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎ·Ï ÏαÏ</span> 1103<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s">your-library</span> 1104 1105<span class="c1">// $baseline == 2em</span> 1106</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h3 id="global-flag"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!global</code> flag</h3><p>Το <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!global</code> flag ÏÏÎÏει μÏνο να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏαι ÏÏαν ÏαÏακάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ μία global μεÏαβληÏή αÏÏ Îνα ÏοÏÎ¹ÎºÏ scope. ÎÏαν δηλÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ μια μεÏαβληÏή Ïε εÏίÏεδο root, Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!global</code> flag ÏÏÎÏει να ÏαÏαλείÏεÏαι.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1107<span class="nv">$baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2em</span><span class="p">;</span> 1108 1109<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1110<span class="nv">$baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2em</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">global</span><span class="p">;</span> 1111</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1112<span class="nv">$baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2em</span> 1113 1114<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1115<span class="nv">$baseline</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2em</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">global</span> 1116</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h3 id="maps-1">ΠολλαÏλÎÏ Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÎÏ Î® maps</h3><p>Î¥ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏλεονεκÏήμαÏα ÏÏο να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε maps ÏαÏά να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε ÏολλαÏλÎÏ Î¾ÎµÏÏÏιÏÏÎÏ Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÎÏ. Το ÎºÏ ÏιÏÏεÏο ÏλεονÎκÏημα είναι η Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏα ÏάÏÏÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ map, ÏÏάγμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ είναι Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏ Î¼Îµ ξεÏÏÏιÏÏÎÏ Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÎÏ.</p><p>Îνα ακÏμη ÏλεονÎκÏημα ÏÏήÏÎ·Ï maps είναι η Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏα Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏÎ³Î¯Î±Ï Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î¼Î¹ÎºÏÎ®Ï getter ÏÏ Î½Î¬ÏÏηÏÎ·Ï Î³Î¹Î± να ÏαÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Îνα Ïιο ÏÎ¹Î»Î¹ÎºÏ API. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, δείÏε Ïον ÏαÏακάÏÏ ÎºÏδικα Sass:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// Z-indexes map, Ïο οÏοίο ÏÏ Î»Î»Îγει Ïλα Ïα εÏίÏεδα Z ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÏαÏμογήÏ</span> 1117<span class="c1">/// @access private</span> 1118<span class="c1">/// @type Map</span> 1119<span class="c1">/// @prop {String} key - Ïνομα εÏιÏÎÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1120<span class="c1">/// @prop {Number} value - Ïιμή Z για Ïο key</span> 1121<span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> 1122 <span class="s1">'modal'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">5000</span><span class="o">,</span> 1123 <span class="s1">'dropdown'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">4000</span><span class="o">,</span> 1124 <span class="s1">'default'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="o">,</span> 1125 <span class="s1">'below'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">-1</span><span class="o">,</span> 1126<span class="p">);</span> 1127 1128<span class="c1">/// ΠάÏε Ïην Ïιμή ÏÎ¿Ï z-index αÏο Ïο Ïνομα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏίÏÎµÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1129<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 1130<span class="c1">/// @param {String} $layer - Το Ïνομα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιÏÎÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1131<span class="c1">/// @return {Number}</span> 1132<span class="c1">/// @require $z-indexes</span> 1133<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">z</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1134 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nf">
1134map-get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="p">);</span> 1135<span class="p">}</span> 1136</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// Z-indexes map, Ïο οÏοίο ÏÏ Î»Î»Îγει Ïλα Ïα εÏίÏεδα Z ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÏαÏμογήÏ</span> 1137<span class="c1">/// @access private</span> 1138<span class="c1">/// @type Map</span> 1139<span class="c1">/// @prop {String} key - Ïνομα εÏιÏÎÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1140<span class="c1">/// @prop {Number} value - Ïιμή Z για Ïο key</span> 1141<span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'modal'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">5000</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'dropdown'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">4000</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'default'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'below'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">-1</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="p">)</span> 1142 1143<span class="c1">/// ΠάÏε Ïην Ïιμή ÏÎ¿Ï z-index αÏο Ïο Ïνομα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏίÏÎµÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1144<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 1145<span class="c1">/// @param {String} $layer - Το Ïνομα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιÏÎÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1146<span class="c1">/// @return {Number}</span> 1147<span class="c1">/// @require $z-indexes</span> 1148<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">z</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="p">)</span> 1149 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nf">map-get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="p">)</span> 1150</code></pre></div></div></div></div></section><section id="chapter-extend" class="chapter chapter--extend"><h2 id="extend">Extend</h2><p>Το <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@extend</code> directive είναι μία ιÏÏÏ Ïή Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÏ Ïνά ÏαÏεξηγημÎνη. Σε γενικÎÏ Î³ÏαμμÎÏ, ÏÏοÏÏÎÏει Ïη Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏα να ÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏη Sass να ÏÏεδιάÏει Îνα element A Ïαν να ÎÏει εÏιλÎξει Îναν selector B. ΠεÏιÏÏÏ Î½Î± ÏοÏμε ÏÏι Î±Ï ÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να γίνει ÏολÏÏÎ¹Î¼Î¿Ï ÏÏμμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏαν γÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ modular CSS.</p><p>ΠαÏâ Ïλâ Î±Ï Ïά, ο ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏ ÏκοÏÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@extend</code> είναι να διαÏηÏεί ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï (ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοÏÏ) ενÏÏÏ ÎµÏεκÏαμÎνÏν selectors μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏÏν rulesets. Τι Ïημαίνει Î±Ï ÏÏ Î±ÎºÏιβÏÏ;</p><ul><li>Îι selectors ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ <em>ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοÏÏ</em> (Ï.Ï. ο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.bar</code> ÏÏο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.foo > .bar</code> ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏει Îναν γονÎα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.foo</code>);</li><li>ÎÏ Ïοί οι ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοί <em>μεÏαÏÎÏονÏαι</em> ÏÏον εÏεκÏαμÎνο selector (Ï.Ï. ο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.baz { @extend .bar; }</code> θα ÏαÏάξει <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.foo > .bar, .foo > .baz</code>);</li><li>Τα declarations ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏεκÏαμÎÎ½Î¿Ï selector θα μοιÏαÏÏοÏν με Ïον εκÏεινÏμενο selector.</li></ul><p>Îε βάÏη Ïα ÏαÏαÏάνÏ, είναι εμÏανÎÏ ÏÏÏ Î· εÏÎκÏαÏη ÏÏν selectors με εÏÎ¹ÎµÎ¹ÎºÎµÎ¯Ï ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να οδηγήÏει Ïε μια ÎκÏηξη αÏÏ selectors. Îν ο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.baz .qux</code> εÏεκÏείνει Ïον <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.foo .bar</code>, ο ÏαÏαγÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï selector μÏοÏεί να είναι <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.foo .baz .qux</code> ή <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.baz .foo .qux</code>, αÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.foo</code> και ο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.baz</code> είναι ÏÏÏγονοι. ÎÏοÏεί να είναι γονείÏ, ÏαÏοÏδεÏ, κ.ο.κ.</p><p>ΠάνÏα να ÏÏοÏÏÎ±Î¸ÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± οÏÎ¯Î¶ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎÏÏ selector placeholders, ÏÏι μÎÏÏ ÏÏαγμαÏικÏν selectors. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î¸Î± ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÏÏει Ïην ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Î¸ÎµÏία να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï (και να αλλάξειÏ) οÏοιοδήÏοÏε naming convention ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿ÏίÏει για ÏÎ¿Ï Ï selectors ÏÎ¿Ï , και αÏÎ¿Ï Î¿Î¹ ÏÏÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿ÏίζονÏαι μÏνο μία ÏοÏά μÎÏα ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï placeholders, Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼Î¹ÎºÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ ÏιθανÏÏηÏÎµÏ Î½Î± ÏαÏÎ¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Î±ÏÏοÏδÏκηÏÎ¿Ï Ï selectors.</p><p>Îια να κληÏονομήÏÎµÎ¹Ï styles, ÏÏηÏιμοÏοίηÏε Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@extend</code> μÏνο αν ο εκÏεινÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.class</code> ή <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">%placeholder</code> selector <em>
1150είναι Îνα είδοÏ</em> εÏεκÏαμÎÎ½Î¿Ï selector. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, Îνα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.error</code> είναι Îνα ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.warning</code>, οÏÏÏε Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.error</code> μÏοÏεί να κάνει <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@extend .warning</code>.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">%button</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1151 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">inline-block</span><span class="p">;</span> 1152 <span class="c1">// ⦠styles ÏÏν ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏιÏν</span> 1153 1154 <span class="c1">// ΣÏÎÏη: Îνα %button ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Ïαιδί ενÏÏ %modal</span> 1155 <span class="nv">%modal</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="k">&</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1156 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span><span class="p">;</span> 1157 <span class="p">}</span> 1158<span class="p">}</span> 1159 1160<span class="nc">.button</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1161 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%button</span><span class="p">;</span> 1162<span class="p">}</span> 1163 1164<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1165<span class="nc">.modal</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1166 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%modal</span><span class="p">;</span> 1167<span class="p">}</span> 1168 1169<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1170<span class="nc">.modal</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1171 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%modal</span><span class="p">;</span> 1172 1173 <span class="o">></span> <span class="nc">.button</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1174 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%button</span><span class="p">;</span> 1175 <span class="p">}</span> 1176<span class="p">}</span> 1177</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">%button</span> 1178 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">inline-block</span> 1179 <span class="c1">// ⦠styles ÏÏν ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏιÏν</span> 1180 1181 <span class="c1">// ΣÏÎÏη: Îνα %button ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Ïαιδί ενÏÏ %modal</span> 1182 <span class="nv">%modal</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="k">&</span> 1183 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span> 1184 1185<span class="nc">.button</span> 1186 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%button</span> 1187 1188<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1189<span class="nc">.modal</span> 1190 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%modal</span> 1191 1192<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1193<span class="nc">.modal</span> 1194 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%modal</span> 1195 1196 <span class="o">></span> <span class="nc">.button</span> 1197 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%button</span> 1198</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Î¥ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïολλά ÏενάÏια ÏÏα οÏοία η εÏÎκÏαÏη βοηθάει και αξίζει Ïον κÏÏο. Îα Î¸Ï Î¼Î¬Ïαι ÏάνÏα ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÎµÎ¾Î®Ï ÎºÎ±Î½ÏÎ½ÎµÏ Î³Î¹Î± να μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@extend</code> με ÏÏοÏοÏή:</p><ul><li>Îα εÏεκÏÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">%placeholders</code> ÎºÏ ÏίÏÏ, ÏÏι Ïε κανονικοÏÏ selectors.</li><li>ÎÏαν εÏεκÏÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ»Î¬ÏειÏ, να εÏεκÏÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Ïνο μία κλάÏη αÏÏ Î¼Î¯Î± άλλη κλάÏη, <em>ÏοÏÎ</em> αÏÏ Îνα <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors4/#syntax">ÏÏνθεÏο selector</a>.</li><li>Îα εÏεκÏÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÏ Î¸ÎÏÏ Îναν <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">%placeholder</code> ÏÏο Ïο Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏν λιγÏÏεÏο.</li><li>ÎÏÏÏÏ Î³Îµ να εÏεκÏÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Î³ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿ÏÏ ancestor selectors (Ï.Ï. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.foo .bar</code>) ή γενικοÏÏ sibling selectors (Ï.Ï. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.foo ~ .bar</code>). ÎÏ ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοκαλεί Ïην ÎκÏηξη αÏÏ selectors.</li></ul><div class="note"><p>Î£Ï Ïνά λÎνε ÏÏι Ïο <code>@extend</code> βοηθάει ÏÏο μÎÎ³ÎµÎ¸Î¿Ï ÏÏν αÏÏείÏν εÏειδή ÏÏ Î½Î´Î¹Î¬Î¶ÎµÎ¹ selectors ανÏί να εÏαναλαμβάνει Ïα properties. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î¹ÏÏÏει, αν και η διαÏ
1198οÏά είναι αμεληÏÎα εÏÏÏον γίνει ÏÏ Î¼ÏίεÏη με <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gzip">Gzip</a>.</p><p>ÎαÏÏÏιν Î±Ï ÏοÏ, αν δε μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Gzip (ή κάÏι ÏαÏÏμοιο) ÏÏÏε η ÏÏοÏÎγγιÏη με Ïο <code>@extend</code> μÏοÏεί να Ïανεί ÏολÏÏιμη, ειδικά αν Ïο βάÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï stylesheet εÏιβαÏÏνει Ïο performance.</p></div><h3 id="media-queries-1">ÎÏÎκÏαÏη και media queries</h3><p>Îα εÏεκÏÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï selectors μÏνο μÎÏα ÏÏο ίδιο media scope (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@media</code> directive). ΣκÎÏÎ¿Ï Ïο media query ÏÏ Î¬Î»Î»Î¿ Îνα εμÏÏδιο.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">%foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1199 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="p">;</span> 1200<span class="p">}</span> 1201 1202<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1203<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="n">print</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1204 <span class="nc">.bar</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1205 <span class="c1">// ÎÏ ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏει. ÎκÏμα ÏειÏÏÏεÏα: διακÏÏÏεÏαι.</span> 1206 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%foo</span><span class="p">;</span> 1207 <span class="p">}</span> 1208<span class="p">}</span> 1209 1210<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1211<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="n">print</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1212 <span class="nc">.bar</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1213 <span class="k">@at-root</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">without</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="nt">media</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1214 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%foo</span><span class="p">;</span> 1215 <span class="p">}</span> 1216 <span class="p">}</span> 1217<span class="p">}</span> 1218 1219<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1220<span class="nv">%foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1221 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="p">;</span> 1222 1223 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nt">-print</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1224 <span class="k">@media</span> <span class="n">print</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1225 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'foo print'</span><span class="p">;</span> 1226 <span class="p">}</span> 1227 <span class="p">}</span> 1228<span class="p">}</span> 1229 1230<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="n">print</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1231 <span class="nc">.bar</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1232 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%foo-print</span><span class="p">;</span> 1233 <span class="p">}</span> 1234<span class="p">}</span> 1235</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nv">%foo</span> 1236 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'foo'</span> 1237 1238<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1239<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="n">print</span> 1240 <span class="nc">.bar</span> 1241 <span class="c1">// ÎÏ ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏει. ÎκÏμα ÏειÏÏÏεÏα: διακÏÏÏεÏαι.</span> 1242 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%foo</span> 1243 1244<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1245<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="n">print</span> 1246 <span class="nc">.bar</span> 1247 <span class="k">@at-root</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">without</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="nt">media</span><span class="o">)</span> 1248 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%foo</span> 1249 1250<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1251<span class="nv">%foo</span> 1252 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'foo'</span> 1253 1254 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nt">-print</span> 1255 <span class="k">@media</span> <span class="n">print</span>
1256 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">'foo print'</span> 1257 1258<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="n">print</span> 1259 <span class="nc">.bar</span> 1260 <span class="k">@extend</span> <span class="nv">%foo-print</span> 1261</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Îι αÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏαίνεÏαι να είναι άκÏÏÏ Î±Î½ÏιÏαÏικÎÏ ÏÏεÏικά με Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@extend</code> Ïε Ïημείο ÏÎ¿Ï Ïολλοί developers ÏÏ Î¼ÏεÏιλαμβανομÎÎ½Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Î¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ Ï ÏοÏÏηÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ Ïην ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï , ÏÏÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏείÏε να διαβάÏεÏε ÏÏα ÏαÏακάÏÏ Î¬ÏθÏα:</p><ul><li><a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/sass-extend-nobody-told-you/">What Nobody Told you About Sass Extend</a></li><li><a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/avoid-sass-extend/">Why You Should Avoid Extend</a></li><li><a href="https://pressupinc.com/blog/2014/11/dont-overextend-yourself-in-sass/">Donât Over Extend Yourself</a></li></ul><p>ÎαÏÏÏιν Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να ÏÏ Î½Î¿ÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ, ÏÏοÏÎµÎ¯Î½Ï Ïην ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@extend</code> μÏνο για Ïην διαÏήÏηÏη ÏÏν ÏÏÎÏεÏν ενÏÏÏ ÎºÎ¬ÏοιÏν selectors. Îν δÏο selectors ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏαÏÏμοια ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏικά, ÏÏÏε είναι η ιδανική ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη για Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@extend</code>. Îν δεν ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ κάÏοια ÏÏÎÏη αλλά μοιÏάζονÏαι μεÏικά rules, Îνα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@mixin</code> θα ÏαίÏιαζε καλÏÏεÏα. ΠεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα για Ïο ÏÏÏ Î½Î± εÏιλÎξεÏε μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏÏν δÏο Ïε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο <a href="https://csswizardry.com/2014/11/when-to-use-extend-when-to-use-a-mixin/">άÏθÏο</a>.</p><div class="note"><p>ÎÏ ÏαÏιÏÏÏ Ïον <a href="https://twitter.com/davidkpiano">David Khourshid</a> για Ïη βοήθεια και Ïην ÏείÏα Ïâ Î±Ï Ïή Ïην ενÏÏηÏα.</p></div><ul><li><a href="https://csswizardry.com/2014/11/when-to-use-extend-when-to-use-a-mixin/">When to Use Extend; When to Use a Mixin</a></li><li><a href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/05/04/extending-in-sass-without-mess/">Extending in Sass Without Mess</a></li></ul></section><section id="chapter-mixins" class="chapter chapter--mixins"><h2 id="mixins">Mixins</h2><p>Τα mixins είναι μία αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Ïιο ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιημÎÎ½ÎµÏ Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÏÎ»Î·Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î³Î»ÏÏÏÎ±Ï Sass. Îίναι Ïο κλειδί για Ïο reusability και για DRY components. Îαι Î±Ï ÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± Îναν ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î»Ïγο: Ïα mixins εÏιÏÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î´Î·Î¼Î¹Î¿Ï ÏγοÏÏ Î½Î± οÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ styles Ïα οÏοία μÏοÏοÏν να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν ξανά Ïε Ïλο Ïο stylesheet ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏειάζεÏαι να καÏαÏÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î½ Ïε non-semantic κλάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÏÏ Î· <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.float-left</code>.</p><p>ÎÏοÏοÏν να ÏεÏιÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ολÏκληÏα CSS rules και λίγο ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¿ÏιδήÏοÏε είναι εÏιÏÏεÏÏÏ Î¼ÎÏα Ïε Îνα ÎγγÏαÏο Sass. ÎÏοÏοÏν ακÏμα να δεÏÏοÏν arguments, ακÏιβÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ Î¿Î¹ ÏÏ Î½Î±ÏÏήÏειÏ. ΠεÏιÏÏÏ Î½Î± ÏοÏμε ÏÏι οι Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ άÏειÏεÏ.</p><p>Îλλά οÏÎµÎ¯Î»Ï Î½Î± Ïε ÏÏοειδοÏοιήÏÏ ÎµÎ½Î±Î½Ïίον ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±ÏάÏÏηÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î¹ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏν mixins. Îαι Ïάλι, η λÎξη κλειδή ÎµÎ´Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ <em>αÏλÏÏηÏα</em>. ÎÏοÏεί να ÏαίνεÏαι δελεαÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î½Î± ÏÏÎ¹Î¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏανÏοδÏναμα mixins με ÏεÏάÏÏια ÏοÏά λογικήÏ. ÎÏ ÏÏ Î»ÎγεÏαι over-engineering και οι ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοι developers ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ αÏâ Î±Ï ÏÏ. Îην Ï ÏεÏαναλÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïον κÏδικά ÏÎ¿Ï , και ÏÎ¬Î½Ï Î±Ïâ Ïλα κÏάÏηÏÎ Ïον αÏλÏ. Îν Îνα mixin καÏαλήγει να είναι μακÏÏÏεÏο αÏÏ 20 γÏαμμÎÏ ÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÎºÎ¬ÏÏ, ÏÏÏε ÏÏÎÏει να διαÏÏÏιÏÏεί Ïε μικÏÏÏεÏα κομμάÏια ή αναθεÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ½ÏελÏÏ.</p><h3 id="section-27">Τα βαÏικά</h3><p>ÎαÏÏÏιν Î±Ï ÏοÏ, Ïα mixins είναι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏÏήÏιμα και ÎºÎ±Î»Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ να Ïα ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏ. ÎμÏειÏικά, αν ενÏοÏίÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ¬Ïοια CSS properties Ïα οÏοία εμÏανίζονÏαι ÏάνÏα μαÎ
1261¶Î¯ για κάÏοιο λÏγο (δηλ. ÏÏι ÏÏ Ïαία), μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± Ïα Î²Î¬Î»ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε Îνα mixin. Το <a href="http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/">micro-clearfix hack ÏÎ¿Ï Nicolas Gallagher</a> αξίζει να μÏει Ïε Îνα (argumentless) mixin για ÏαÏάδειγμα.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// ÎοηθηÏÎ¹ÎºÏ mixin για να καθαÏίÏει Ïα εÏÏÏεÏικά floats</span> 1262<span class="c1">/// @author Nicolas Gallagher</span> 1263<span class="c1">/// @link http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/ Micro Clearfix</span> 1264<span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">clearfix</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1265 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nd">::after</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1266 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">;</span> 1267 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="p">;</span> 1268 <span class="nl">clear</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">both</span><span class="p">;</span> 1269 <span class="p">}</span> 1270<span class="p">}</span> 1271</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// ÎοηθηÏÎ¹ÎºÏ mixin για να καθαÏίÏει Ïα εÏÏÏεÏικά floats</span> 1272<span class="c1">/// @author Nicolas Gallagher</span> 1273<span class="c1">/// @link http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/ Micro Clearfix</span> 1274<span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">clearfix</span> 1275 <span class="k">&</span><span class="nd">::after</span> 1276 <span class="nl">content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">''</span> 1277 <span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">table</span> 1278 <span class="nl">clear</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">both</span> 1279</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Îλλο Îνα αξιÏλογο ÏαÏάδειγμα θα ήÏαν Îνα mixin ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± οÏίζει Ïο μÎÎ³ÎµÎ¸Î¿Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ element, οÏίζονÏαι Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">width</code> και Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">height</code> ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏÏÏονα. ÎÏι μÏνο θα Îκανε Ïον κÏδικα ελαÏÏÏÏεÏο καÏά Ïην ÏληκÏÏολÏγηÏη, αλλά και Ïιο ÎµÏ Î±Î½Î¬Î³Î½ÏÏÏο.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// ÎοηθηÏÎ¹ÎºÏ mixin για να οÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ element</span> 1280<span class="c1">/// @author Kitty Giraudel</span> 1281<span class="c1">/// @param {Length} $width</span> 1282<span class="c1">/// @param {Length} $height</span> 1283<span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$width</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$height</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nv">$width</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1284 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$width</span><span class="p">;</span> 1285 <span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$height</span><span class="p">;</span> 1286<span class="p">}</span> 1287</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// ÎοηθηÏÎ¹ÎºÏ mixin για να οÏίÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ element</span> 1288<span class="c1">/// @author Kitty Giraudel</span> 1289<span class="c1">/// @param {Length} $width</span> 1290<span class="c1">/// @param {Length} $height</span> 1291<span class="nf">=size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$width</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$height</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nv">$width</span><span class="p">)</span> 1292 <span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$width</span> 1293 <span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$height</span> 1294</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Îια Ïιο ÏεÏίÏλοκα ÏαÏαδείγμαÏα ÏÏν mixins, ÏίξÏε μια μαÏιά ÏÏα <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/sass-mixin-css-triangles/">this mixin to generate CSS triangles</a>, <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/ultimate-long-shadow-sass-mixin/">this mixin to create long shadows</a> και <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/building-linear-gradient-mixin-sass/">this mixin to polyfill CSS gradients for old browsers</a>.</p><h3 id="mixins--arguments">Mixins ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï arguments</h3><p>ÎεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ Ïα mixins ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏνÏαι για να αÏοÏÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ να εÏÎ±Î½Î±Î»Î±Î¼Î²Î¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïα ίδια declarations ξανά και ξανά, ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏειάζονÏαι ÏαÏάμεÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î® ÎÏονÏÎ±Ï ÏαÏάμεÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¼Îµ εÏÎ»Î¿Î³ÎµÏ ÏÏοεÏιλεγμÎÎ½ÎµÏ ÏιμÎÏ (sensible defaults) ÏÏÏε να μην ÏÏειάζεÏαι να ÏεÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ arguments.</p><p>Σâ Î±Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏειÏ, μÏοÏοÏμε να ÏαÏÎ±Î»ÎµÎ¯Î¾Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ άÏοβα ÏÎ¹Ï ÏαÏενθÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏαν Ïα καλοÏμε. Το <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@include</code> keyword (ή Ïο ÏÏμβολο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">+</code> Ïε indented-syntax) ήδη λειÏÎ¿Ï Ïγεί ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ¯ÎºÏÎ·Ï ÏÏι Ïâ Î±Ï Ïή η Î
1294³Ïαμμή καλείÏαι Îνα mixin· δε ÏÏειάζονÏαι εÏιÏλÎον ÏαÏενθÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ´Ï.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1295<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1296 <span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">center</span><span class="p">;</span> 1297<span class="p">}</span> 1298 1299<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1300<span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1301 <span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">center</span><span class="p">();</span> 1302<span class="p">}</span> 1303</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1304<span class="nc">.foo</span> 1305 <span class="nd">+center</span> 1306 1307<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1308<span class="nc">.foo</span> 1309 <span class="nd">+center</span><span class="p">()</span> 1310</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h3 id="arguments-list">Arguments list</h3><p>ÎÏαν ÎÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ να ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ με Îναν άγνÏÏÏο αÏÎ¹Î¸Î¼Ï Î±ÏÏ arguments Ïε Îνα mixin, ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε ÏάνÏα μία <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">arglist</code> ανÏί για μία λίÏÏα. ÎÎµÏ Ïην <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">arglist</code> ÏÏ Ïο Ïγδοο κÏÏÏο undocumented data type ÏÎ·Ï Sass ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏαι ÎμμεÏα ÏÏαν ÏεÏνάμε Îναν Î±Ï Î¸Î±Î¯ÏεÏο αÏÎ¹Î¸Î¼Ï Î±ÏÏ arguments Ïε Îνα mixin ή Ïε μία ÏÏ Î½Î¬ÏÏηÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î¿ÏÎ¿Î¯Î±Ï Ïο signature ÏεÏιÎÏει <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">...</code>.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">shadows</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1311 <span class="c1">// type-of($shadows) == 'arglist'</span> 1312 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1313<span class="p">}</span> 1314</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nf">=shadows</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$shadows</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span> 1315 <span class="c1">// type-of($shadows) == 'arglist'</span> 1316 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1317</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏÏÏε, ÏÏαν ÏÏιάÏÎ½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Îνα mixin ÏÎ¿Ï Î´ÎÏεÏαι αÏκεÏά arguments (Î±Ï ÏοÏμε 3 ή ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα), ÏκÎÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î»Î¬ ÏÏιν Ïα ÏÏ Î³ÏÏνεÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε μία λίÏÏα ή Îνα map με Ïη λογική ÏÏι θα είναι Ïιο εÏκολο αÏÏ Ïο να Ïα ÏεÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα-Îνα.</p><p>Î Sass είναι αÏκεÏά ÎÎ¾Ï Ïνη ÏÏον αÏοÏά Ïα declarations ÏÏα mixins και ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏ Î½Î±ÏÏήÏειÏ, ÏÏÏο ÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏεÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Î¯Î± λίÏÏα ή Îνα map ÏÏ arglist Ïε μία ÏÏ Î½Î¬ÏÏηÏη function/mixin ÏÏÏε να Ïην αναγνÏÏίÏει ÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î± ÏειÏά αÏÏ arguments.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$a</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$b</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$c</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1318 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1319<span class="p">}</span> 1320 1321<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1322<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">true</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">42</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'kittens'</span><span class="p">);</span> 1323 1324<span class="c1">// Yep but nope</span> 1325<span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">true</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">42</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'kittens'</span><span class="p">);</span> 1326<span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">nth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nf">nth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nf">nth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">3</span><span class="p">));</span> 1327 1328<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1329<span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">true</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">42</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'kittens'</span><span class="p">);</span> 1330<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">);</span> 1331 1332<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1333<span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> 1334 <span class="s1">'c'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'kittens'</span><span class="o">,</span> 1335 <span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="bp">true</span><span class="o">,</span> 1336 <span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">42</span><span class="o">,</span> 1337<span class="p">);</span> 1338<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">);</span> 1339</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nf">=dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$a</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$b</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$c</span><span class="p">)</span> 1340 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1341 1342<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1343<span class="nd">+dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">true</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">42</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'kittens'</span><span class="p">)</span> 1344 1345<span class="c1">// Yep but nope</span> 1346<span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">true</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">42</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'kittens'</span><span class="p">)</span> 1347<span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">nth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nf">nth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nf">nth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">3</span><span class="p">))</span> 1348 1349<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1350<span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">true</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">42</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'kittens'</span><span class="p">)</span> 1351<span class="nd">+dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span> 1352 1353<span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1354<span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'c'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">'kittens'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="bp">true</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">42</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="p">)</span> 1355<span class="nd">+dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span> 1356</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ΣÏεÏικά με Ïο αν είναι βÎλÏιÏÏο να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏε ÏολλαÏλά arguments, μια list ή Îνα argument list, <a href="https://www.sitepoint.com/sass-multiple-arguments-lists-or-arglist/">Ïο SitePoint ÎÏει Îνα ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î¬ÏθÏο ÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÏο θÎμα</a>.</p><h3 id="mixins--vendor-prefixes">Mixins και vendor prefixes</h3><p>ÎÏοÏεί να είναι δελεαÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î½Î± οÏίÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î´Î¹ÎºÎ¬ ÏÎ¿Ï mixins ÏÎ¿Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÏειÏίζονÏαι Ïα vendor prefixes για ιδιÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÏÎ·Ï CSS ÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏοÏÏηÏίζονÏαι μεÏικÏÏ Î® καθÏÎ»Î¿Ï . Îλλά βαÏικά δε θÎÎ»Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ να Ïο ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ Î±Ï ÏÏ. Î ÏÏÏον, αν μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïο <a href="https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer">Autoprefixer</a>, ÏÏηÏιμοÏοίηÏε Ïο Autoprefixer. Îα αÏαιÏÎÏει Ïον κÏδικα ÏÎ·Ï Sass αÏÏ Ïο project ÏÎ¿Ï , θα είναι ÏάνÏα ενημεÏÏμÎνο και οÏÏÏδήÏοÏε θα κάνει καλÏÏεÏη Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¬ αÏο ÏÎνα ÏÏο να ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï prefix διάÏοÏα.</p><p>ÎÏ ÏÏÏ ÏÏÏ, Ïο Autoprefixer δε μÏοÏεί να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιηθεί ÏανÏοÏ. Îν ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï <a href="https://bourbon.io/">Bourbon</a> ή <a href="http://compass-style.org/">Compass</a>, μάλλον θα ξÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïα δÏο ÏÏοÏÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ μία ÏÏ Î»Î»Î¿Î³Î® αÏÏ mixins ÏÎ¿Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÏειÏίζονÏαι Ïα vendor prefixes για ÏÎνα. ΧÏηÏιμοÏοίηÏÎ Ïα.</p><p>Îν δε μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïο Autoprefixer οÏÏε Ïο Bourbon οÏÏε Ïο Compass, ÏÏÏε και μÏνο ÏÏÏε μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏÎ¹Î¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïο Î´Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÎ¿Ï mixin για να ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï prefix ÏÎ¹Ï Î¹Î´Î¹ÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÏÎ·Ï CSS. Îλλά. Îην ÏÏÎ¹Î¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα mixin για κάθε ιδιÏÏηÏα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎºÏÏ ÏÏνε ÏÎ»Î¿Ï Ï ÏÎ¿Ï Ï vendors.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1357<span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1358 <span class="na">-webkit-transform</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">;</span> 1359 <span class="na">-moz-transform</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">;</span> 1360 <span class="nl">transform</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">;</span> 1361<span class="p">}</span> 1362</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1363<span class="nf">=transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">)</span> 1364 <span class="na">-webkit-transform</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> 1365 <span class="na">-moz-transform</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> 1366 <span class="nl">transform</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> 1367</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎάνÏο με Ïον ÎÎ¾Ï Ïνο ÏÏÏÏο.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// ÎοηθηÏÎ¹ÎºÏ mixin για να Ïην ÏαÏαγÏγή vendor prefixes</span> 1368<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 1369<span class="c1">/// @author KittyGiraudel</span> 1370<span class="c1">/// @param {String} $property - Unprefixed CSS property</span> 1371<span class="c1">/// @param {*} $value - ÎκαÏÎÏγαÏÏη Ïιμή CSS</span> 1372<span class="c1">/// @param {List} $prefixes - ÎίÏÏα αÏο prefixes για ÏαÏαγÏγή</span> 1373<span class="k">@mixin</span> <span class="nf">prefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$property</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$value</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$prefixes</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">())</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1374 <span class="k">@each</span> <span class="nv">$prefix</span> <span class="n">in</span> <span class="nv">$prefixes</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1375 <span class="nt">-</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$prefix</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="nt">-</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$property</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="err">$</span><span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">;</span> 1376 <span class="p">}</span> 1377 1378 <span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$property</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="err">$</span><span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">;</span> 1379<span class="p">}</span> 1380</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// ÎοηθηÏÎ¹ÎºÏ mixin για να Ïην ÏαÏαγÏγή vendor prefixes</span> 1381<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 1382<span class="c1">/// @author KittyGiraudel</span> 1383<span class="c1">/// @param {String} $property - Unprefixed CSS property</span> 1384<span class="c1">/// @param {*} $value - ÎκαÏÎÏγαÏÏη Ïιμή CSS</span> 1385<span class="c1">/// @param {List} $prefixes - ÎίÏÏα αÏο prefixes για ÏαÏαγÏγή</span> 1386<span class="nf">=prefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$property</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$value</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$prefixes</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">())</span> 1387 <span class="k">@each</span> <span class="nv">$prefix</span> <span class="n">in</span> <span class="nv">$prefixes</span> 1388 <span class="na">-</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$prefix</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="na">-</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$property</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> 1389 1390 <span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$property</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> 1391</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏÏÏε μεÏά η ÏÏήÏη Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ¿Ï mixin είναι ÏÏοÏανήÏ:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1392 <span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">prefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nf">rotate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">90deg</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'webkit'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'ms'</span><span class="p">));</span> 1393<span class="p">}</span> 1394</code></pre></d
1394iv></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nc">.foo</span> 1395 <span class="nd">+prefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nf">rotate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">90deg</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'webkit'</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'ms'</span><span class="p">))</span> 1396</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Îην ξεÏÎ½Î¬Ï ÏÏι Î±Ï Ïή είναι μία κακή λÏÏη. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, δε μÏοÏεί να διαÏειÏιÏÏεί ÏÏνθεÏα polyfills ÏÏÏÏ Î±Ï Ïά ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏειάζονÏαι για Ïο Flexbox. Îâ Î±Ï Ïή Ïη λογική, η ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Autoprefixer είναι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎºÎ±Î»ÏÏεÏη λÏÏη.</p></section><section id="chapter-conditions" class="chapter chapter--conditions"><h2 id="conditional-statements">Conditional statements</h2><p>ΠιθανÏÏ Î®Î´Î· γνÏÏίζεÏε ÏÏι η Sass ÏαÏÎÏει conditional statements μÎÏÏ ÏÏν <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@if</code> και <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@else</code> directives. ÎκÏÏÏ Î±Î½ ÎÏεÏε κάÏοια ÏεÏίÏλoκη λογική ÏÏον κÏδικα ÏαÏ, δεν ÏÏ Î½ÏÏÎÏει λÏÎ³Î¿Ï ÏÏήÏÎ·Ï ÏÏν conditional statements ÏÏα stylesheets ÏαÏ. ΣÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα, Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÎºÏ ÏίÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïην ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Ïε libraries και frameworks.</p><p>Îν ÏάÏη ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏει, αν ÏοÏΠβÏεθείÏε ÏÏην ανάγκη ÏÎ¿Ï Ï, ÏαÏÎ±ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î½Î± ÏεβαÏÏείÏε Ïα ακÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î¸Î± guidelines:</p><ul><li>αÏοÏεÏγεÏε ÏÎ¹Ï ÏαÏενθÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎºÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ αν είναι αναγκαίο·</li><li>Îα αÏÎ®Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏάνÏα καινοÏÏγια γÏαμμή ÏÏιν αÏο Îνα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@if</code>·</li><li>Îα αÏÎ®Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏάνÏα καινοÏÏγια γÏαμμή μεÏά Ïο αÏιÏÏεÏÏ Î¬Î³ÎºÎ¹ÏÏÏο (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">{</code>)·</li><li>Το <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@else</code> ÏÏÎÏει να είναι ÏÏην ίδια γÏαμμή με Ïο αÏιÏÏεÏÏ Î¬Î³ÎºÎ¹ÏÏÏο (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">{</code>) ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοηγοÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@if</code>·</li><li>Îα αÏÎ®Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏάνÏα καινοÏÏγια γÏαμμή μεÏά Ïο ÏÎµÎ»ÎµÏ Ïαίο δεξί άγκιÏÏÏο (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">}</code>).</li></ul><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1397<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nv">$support-legacy</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1398 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1399<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">@else</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1400 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1401<span class="p">}</span> 1402 1403<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1404<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$support-legacy</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="bp">true</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1405 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1406<span class="p">}</span> 1407<span class="k">@else</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1408 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1409<span class="p">}</span> 1410</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1411<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nv">$support-legacy</span> 1412 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1413<span class="k">@else</span> 1414 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1415 1416<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1417<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$support-legacy</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="bp">true</span><span class="p">)</span> 1418 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1419<span class="k">@else</span> 1420 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1421</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏαν ελÎγÏεÏε για κάÏοια μη-αληθή Ïιμή, να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏε ÏάνÏα Ïην λÎξη κλειδή <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">not</code> ανÏί να ελÎγÏεÏε για <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">false</code> ή <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">null</code>.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1422<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$list</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1423 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1424<span class="p">}</span> 1425 1426<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1427<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$list</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">null</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1428 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1429<span class="p">}</span> 1430</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1431<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$list</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">)</span> 1432 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1433 1434<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1435<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$list</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">null</span> 1436 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1437</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ΠάνÏα να βάζεÏε Ïην μεÏαβληÏή ÏÏην αÏιÏÏεÏή ÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïά ÏÎ·Ï Î´Î®Î»ÏÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïο (μη) αναμενÏμενο αÏοÏÎλεÏμα ÏÏην δεξιά ÏÎ»ÎµÏ Ïά. ÎνεÏÏÏαμμÎνα conditional statements είναι ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ Î´Ï ÏκολÏÏεÏα ÏÏην ανάγνÏÏη, ειδικά αÏο ÏÎ¿Ï Ï Î¬ÏειÏÎ¿Ï Ï developers.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1438<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="m">42</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1439 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1440<span class="p">}</span> 1441 1442<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1443<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="m">42</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1444 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1445<span class="p">}</span> 1446</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1447<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="m">42</span> 1448 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1449 1450<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1451<span class="k">@if</span> <span class="m">42</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> 1452 <span class="c1">// â¦</span> 1453</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏαν ÏÏηÏημοÏοιείÏε conditional statements μÎÏα Ïε κάÏοιο function Ïο οÏοίο θα εÏιÏÏÏÎÏει διαÏοÏεÏική Ïιμή ανάλογα με ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏοÏÏοθÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ¿Ï conditional statement, βεβαιÏθείÏε ÏάνÏα ÏÏι Ïο function ÎµÎ¾Î±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï Î¸ÎµÎ¯ να ÎÏει <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@return</code> ÎÎ¾Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïο ÏλαίÏιο ÏÎ¿Ï conditional statement.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1454<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$condition</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1455 <span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nv">$condition</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1456 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="bp">true</span><span class="p">;</span> 1457 <span class="p">}</span> 1458 1459 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="bp">
1459false</span><span class="p">;</span> 1460<span class="p">}</span> 1461 1462<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1463<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$condition</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1464 <span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nv">$condition</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1465 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="bp">true</span><span class="p">;</span> 1466 <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">@else</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1467 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="bp">false</span><span class="p">;</span> 1468 <span class="p">}</span> 1469<span class="p">}</span> 1470</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">// Yep</span> 1471<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$condition</span><span class="p">)</span> 1472 <span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nv">$condition</span> 1473 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="bp">true</span> 1474 1475 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="bp">false</span><span class="err">;</span> 1476 1477<span class="c1">// Nope</span> 1478<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">dummy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$condition</span><span class="p">)</span> 1479 <span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nv">$condition</span> 1480 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="bp">true</span> 1481 <span class="k">@else</span> 1482 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="bp">false</span> 1483</code></pre></div></div></div></div></section><div class="donate "><div class="donate__content"><p>Îν εκÏίμηÏÎµÏ Ïα Sass Guidelines, ÏÏήÏιξε Ïην ÏÏοÏÏάθεια.</p><a href="https://gum.co/sass-guidelines" class="button " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-euro"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only"></span> Î¥ÏοÏÏηÏίξÏε Ïο Sass Guidelines </a></div></div><section id="chapter-loops" class="chapter chapter--loops"><h2 id="loops">Loops</h2><p>ÎÏειδή η Sass ÏαÏÎÏει ÏολÏÏÎ»Î¿ÎºÎµÏ Î´Î¿Î¼ÎÏ Î´ÎµÎ´Î¿Î¼ÎνÏν ÏÏÏÏ <a href="#lists">lists</a> και <a href="#maps">maps</a>, δεν αÏοÏελεί ÎκÏληξη Ïο γεγονÏÏ ÏÏι δίνει εÏίÏÎ·Ï Ïη Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏα ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ï ÏÏ Î³Î³ÏαÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± μÏοÏοÏν να ÏαÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ½ λÏÎ³Ï Î¿Î½ÏÏÏηÏεÏ.</p><p>ΩÏÏÏÏο, η ÏαÏÎ¿Ï Ïία ÏÏν loops ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸ÏÏ Ï ÏοδηλÏνει ÏÏεÏικά ÏÏνθεÏη λογική ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Ïά ÏάÏα ÏιθανÏÏηÏα δεν ανήκει ÏÏη Sass. Î Ïιν ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα loop, βεβαιÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏι ÎÏει νÏημα και ÏÏι λÏνει ÏÏαγμαÏικά Îνα ÏÏÏβλημα.</p><h3 id="each">Each</h3><p>ÎÏÏ Ïα ÏÏία loops ÏÎ¿Ï ÏαÏÎÏονÏαι αÏÏ Ïη Sass, Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@each</code> loop είναι ÏÎ¯Î³Î¿Ï Ïα Î±Ï ÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏαι Ïιο ÏÏ Ïνά. ΠαÏÎÏει Îνα καθαÏÏ API για να μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏαÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα list ή Îνα map.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@each</span> <span class="nv">$theme</span> <span class="n">in</span> <span class="nv">$themes</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1484 <span class="nc">.section-</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$theme</span><span class="si">}</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1485 <span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">map-get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$colors</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$theme</span><span class="p">);</span> 1486 <span class="p">}</span> 1487<span class="p">}</span> 1488</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@each</span> <span class="nv">$theme</span> <span class="n">in</span> <span class="nv">$themes</span> 1489 <span class="nc">.section-</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$theme</span><span class="si">}</span> 1490 <span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">
1490map-get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$colors</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$theme</span><span class="p">)</span> 1491</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏαν ÏαÏÏÎ½ÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα map, ÏÏÎÏει ÏάνÏοÏε να ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">$key</code> και <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">$value</code> ÏÏ Î¿Î½ÏμαÏα ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎµÏαβληÏÎÏ Î³Î¹Î± να Ï ÏάÏÏει ÏÏ Î½Î¿Ïή.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@each</span> <span class="nv">$key</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> <span class="n">in</span> <span class="nv">$map</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1492 <span class="nc">.section-</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$key</span><span class="si">}</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1493 <span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">;</span> 1494 <span class="p">}</span> 1495<span class="p">}</span> 1496</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@each</span> <span class="nv">$key</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> <span class="n">in</span> <span class="nv">$map</span> 1497 <span class="nc">.section-</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$key</span><span class="si">}</span> 1498 <span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nv">$value</span> 1499</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>ÎÏίÏηÏ, ÏÏÏνÏιÏε να ÏεβαÏÏÎµÎ¯Ï Ïα ÏαÏακάÏÏ guidelines για Ïη διαÏήÏηÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î±Î³Î½ÏÏιμÏÏηÏαÏ:</p><ul><li>Îα αÏÎ®Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏάνÏα καινοÏÏγια γÏαμμή ÏÏιν Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@each</code>·</li><li>Îα αÏÎ®Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏάνÏα καινοÏÏγια γÏαμμή μεÏά Ïο δεξί άγκιÏÏÏο (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">}</code>) εκÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ εαν η εÏÏμενη γÏαμμή ÏεÏιÎÏει δεξί άγκιÏÏÏο (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">}</code>).</li></ul><h3 id="for">For</h3><p>Το <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@for</code> loop μÏοÏεί να Ïανεί ÏÏήÏιμο ÏÏαν ÏÏ Î½Î´Ï Î¬Î¶ÎµÏαι με ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÎµÏ Î´Î¿ÎºÎ»Î¬ÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ·Ï CSSâ <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">:nth-*</code>. ÎκÏÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Î±Ï Ïά Ïα ÏενάÏια, να ÏÏοÏÎ¹Î¼Î¬Ï Îνα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@each</code> loop αν <em>ÏÏÎÏει</em> να ÏαÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ¬Ïι.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@for</span> <span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="ow">from</span> <span class="m">1</span> <span class="ow">through</span> <span class="m">10</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1500 <span class="nc">.foo</span><span class="nd">:nth-of-type</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$i</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1501 <span class="nl">border-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">hsl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="m">36</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">50%</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">50%</span><span class="p">);</span> 1502 <span class="p">}</span> 1503<span class="p">}</span> 1504</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@for</span> <span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="ow">from</span> <span class="m">1</span> <span class="ow">through</span> <span class="m">10</span> 1505 <span class="nc">.foo</span><span class="nd">:nth-of-type</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$i</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="o">)</span> 1506 <span class="nl">border-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nf">hsl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="m">36</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">50%</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="m">50%</span><span class="p">)</span> 1507</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Îα ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï ÏάνÏα <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">$i</code> ÏÏ Ïνομα μεÏαβληÏÎ®Ï Î³Î¹Î± να διαÏηÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïη ÏÏ Î½Î®Î¸Î· ÏÏμβαÏη, και μην ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï ÏοÏÎ Ïην λÎξη κλειδί <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">to</code>: ÏάνÏοÏε να ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">through</code>, εκÏÏÏ ÎºÎ¹ αν ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏαγμαÏικά ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î»Ïγο. Πολλοί developers δεν γνÏÏÎ¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ καν ÏÏι η Sass ÏÏοÏÏÎÏει Î±Ï Ïή Ïην ÏαÏαλλαγή· με Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ½Î´ÎÏεÏαι να ÏÏοκαλÎÏει ÏÏγÏÏ Ïη.</p><p>ÎÏίÏηÏ, ÏÏÏνÏιÏε να ÏεβαÏÏÎµÎ¯Ï Ïα ÏαÏακάÏÏ guidelines για Ïη διαÏήÏηÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î±Î³Î½ÏÏιμÏÏηÏαÏ:</p><ul><li>Îα αÏÎ®Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏάνÏα καινοÏÏγια γÏαμμή ÏÏιν Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@for</code>·</li><li>Îα αÏÎ®Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏάνÏα καινοÏÏγια γÏαμμή μεÏα Ïο δεξί άÎ
1507³ÎºÎ¹ÏÏÏο (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">}</code>) εκÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ εαν η εÏÏμενη γÏαμμή ÏεÏιÎÏει Ïο δεξί άγκιÏÏÏο (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">}</code>).</li></ul><h3 id="while">While</h3><p>Το <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@while</code> loop δεν ÎÏει καμία αÏολÏÏÏÏ ÏÏηÏιμÏÏηÏα Ïε Îνα ÏÏαγμαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Sass project, ιδίÏÏ ÎµÏειδή δεν Ï ÏάÏÏει ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï break αÏÏ Ïο loop αÏÏ Î¼ÎÏα. <strong>Îην Ïο ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏειÏ</strong>.</p></section><section id="chapter-errors" class="chapter chapter--errors"><h2 id="section-28">Î ÏοειδοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏάλμαÏα</h2><p>Îν Ï ÏάÏÏει μια λειÏÎ¿Ï Ïγία ÏÎ¿Ï ÏαÏαβλÎÏεÏαι ÏÏ Ïνά αÏÏ Î±Ï ÏοÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î³ÏάÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Sass, Î±Ï Ïή είναι η Î´Ï Î½Î±ÏÏÏηÏα να εμÏανίζονÏαι Î´Ï Î½Î±Î¼Î¹ÎºÎ¬ ÏÏοειδοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏάλμαÏα. Î ÏάγμαÏι, η Sass διαθÎÏει ÏÏία ειδικά directives για να εμÏανίζει ÏεÏιεÏÏμενο ÏÏο standard output system (CLI, compiling appâ¦):</p><ul><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@debug</code>·</li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@warn</code>·</li><li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@error</code>.</li></ul><p>ÎÏ Î²Î³Î¬Î»Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ ÏÏην άκÏη Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@debug</code> Î¼Î¹Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏοÏανÏÏ ÏÏοοÏίζεÏαι για Ïο debugging ÏÎ·Ï SassScript, ÏÏάγμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î´Îµ Î¼Î±Ï Î±ÏοÏά εδÏ. ÎÏÏÏε μÎÎ½Î¿Ï Î¼Îµ με Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@warn</code> και Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@error</code> Ïα οÏοία είναι εμÏανÏÏ Î¯Î´Î¹Î±, εκÏÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏι Ïο Îνα διακÏÏÏει Ïον compiler ÎµÎ½Ï Ïο άλλο ÏÏι. Î£Î±Ï Î±ÏÎ®Î½Ï Î½Î± μανÏÎÏεÏε Ïοιο κάνει Ïί.</p><p>ΤÏÏα, Ï ÏάÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïολλά ÏεÏιθÏÏια Ïε Îνα Sass project για ÏÏοειδοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏάλμαÏα. ÎαÏικά οÏοιοδήÏοÏε mixin ή function ÏÏοÏδοκεί Îνα ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎνο ÏÏÏο ή argument θα μÏοÏοÏÏε να ÏεÏάξει Îνα ÏÏάλμα αν κάÏι Ïάει ÏÏÏαβά, ή να εμÏανίÏει μία ÏÏοειδοÏοίηÏη ÏÏαν Ï ÏοθÎÏει κάÏι.</p><h3 id="section-29">Î ÏοειδοÏοιήÏειÏ</h3><p>ÎείÏε Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο function ÏÎ¿Ï <a href="https://github.com/sass-mq/sass-mq">Sass-MQ</a> ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιδιÏκει να μεÏαÏÏÎÏει μια Ïιμή αÏÏ <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">px</code> Ïε <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">em</code>, για ÏαÏάδειγμα:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">mq-px2em</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$px</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$base-font-size</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nv">$mq-base-font-size</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1508 <span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nf">unitless</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1509 <span class="k">@warn</span> <span class="s1">'Assuming </span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$px</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1"> to be in pixels, attempting to convert it into pixels.'</span><span class="p">;</span> 1510 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nf">mq-px2em</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$px</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="m">0px</span><span class="p">);</span> 1511 <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">@else</span> <span class="n">if</span> <span class="nf">unit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">em</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1512 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nv">$px</span><span class="p">;</span> 1513 <span class="p">}</span> 1514 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$px</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="nv">$base-font-size</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="m">1em</span><span class="p">;</span> 1515<span class="p">}</span> 1516</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">mq-px2em</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$px</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$base-font-size</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nv">$mq-base-font-size</span><span class="p">)</span> 1517 <span class="k">@if</span> <span class="nf">unitless</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$px</span><span class="p">)</span> 1518 <span class="k">@warn</span> <span class="s1">'Assuming </span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$px</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">
1518 to be in pixels, attempting to convert it into pixels.'</span> 1519 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nf">mq-px2em</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$px</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="m">0px</span><span class="p">)</span> 1520 <span class="k">@else</span> <span class="n">if</span> <span class="nf">unit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">em</span> 1521 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nv">$px</span> 1522 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$px</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="nv">$base-font-size</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="m">1em</span> 1523</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Îάν η Ïιμή δεν ÎÏει μονάδα μÎÏÏηÏηÏ, Ïο function θεÏÏεί ÏÏÏ Î· Ïιμή εκÏÏάζεÏαι Ïε pixels. Σâ Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο Ïημείο, μια Ï ÏÏθεÏη ίÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏιÏÎ¿ÎºÎ¯Î½Î´Ï Î½Î·, οÏÏÏε ο ÏÏήÏÏÎ·Ï Î¸Î± ÎÏÏεÏε να ÏÏοειδοÏοιηθεί ÏÏι Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα Îκανε κάÏι ÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î± μÏοÏοÏÏε να θεÏÏηθεί αÏÏοÏδÏκηÏο.</p><h3 id="section-30">ΣÏάλμαÏα</h3><p>Τα ÏÏάλμαÏα, Ïε ανÏίθεÏη με ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏοειδοÏοιήÏειÏ, αÏοÏÏÎÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïον compiler να ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏίÏει ÏαÏακάÏÏ. ÎαÏικά διακÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½ Ïο compilation και εμÏÎ±Î½Î¯Î¶Î¿Ï Î½ Îνα Î¼Î®Î½Ï Î¼Î± ÏÏο output stream ÏÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏο stack trace, ÏÏάγμα ÏÎ¿Ï Î²Î¿Î·Î¸Î¬ÎµÎ¹ ÏÏο debugging. ÎξαιÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏλÏν Î±Ï ÏÏν, Ïα ÏÏάλμαÏα ÏÏÎÏει να ÏεÏιοÏνÏαι ÏÏαν δεν Ï ÏάÏÏει ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± ÏÏ Î½ÎµÏιÏÏεί η εκÏÎλεÏη ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ. ÎÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ εÏικÏÏ, δοκίμαÏε να διοÏθÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïο ÏÏÏβλημα και ÏÏοÏίμηÏε να εμÏανίÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Î¯Î± ÏÏοειδοÏοίηÏη.</p><p>Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, Î±Ï ÏοÏμε ÏÏι ÏÏιάÏÎ½ÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Î¯Î± βελÏιÏμÎνη ÏÏ Î½Î¬ÏÏηÏη για να ÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÏÏβαÏη Ïε ÏιμÎÏ Î±ÏÏ Îνα ÏÏ Î³ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎνο map. Îα μÏοÏοÏÏε να ÏεÏÎ¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα ÏÏάλμα αν Ïο ζηÏοÏμενο key δεν Ï ÏάÏÏει ÏÏο map.</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="scss"><div class="language-scss highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// Z-indexes map, Ïο οÏοίο ÏÏ Î»Î»Îγει Ïλα Ïα εÏίÏεδα Z ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÏαÏμογήÏ</span> 1524<span class="c1">/// @access private</span> 1525<span class="c1">/// @type Map</span> 1526<span class="c1">/// @prop {String} key - Ïνομα εÏιÏÎÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1527<span class="c1">/// @prop {Number} value - Ïιμή Z για Ïο key</span> 1528<span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span> 1529 <span class="s1">'modal'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">5000</span><span class="o">,</span> 1530 <span class="s1">'dropdown'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">4000</span><span class="o">,</span> 1531 <span class="s1">'default'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="o">,</span> 1532 <span class="s1">'below'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">-1</span><span class="o">,</span> 1533<span class="p">);</span> 1534 1535<span class="c1">/// ΠάÏε Ïην Ïιμή ÏÎ¿Ï z-index αÏο Ïο Ïνομα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏίÏÎµÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1536<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 1537<span class="c1">/// @param {String} $layer - Ïνομα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιÏÎÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1538<span class="c1">/// @return {Number}</span> 1539<span class="c1">/// @require $z-indexes</span> 1540<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">z</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1541 <span class="k">@if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nf">map-has-key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> 1542 <span class="k">@error</span> <span class="s1">'Îεν Ï ÏάÏÏει εÏίÏεδο με Ïνομα `</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">` μÎÏα ÏÏα $z-indexes. '</span>
1543 <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s1">'Το εÏίÏεδο ÏÏÎÏει να είναι Îνα αÏο Ïα </span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nf">map-keys</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">.'</span><span class="p">;</span> 1544 <span class="p">}</span> 1545 1546 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nf">map-get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="p">);</span> 1547<span class="p">}</span> 1548</code></pre></div></div></div><div class="code-block__wrapper" data-syntax="sass"><div class="language-sass highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">/// Z-indexes map, Ïο οÏοίο ÏÏ Î»Î»Îγει Ïλα Ïα εÏίÏεδα Z ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÏαÏμογήÏ</span> 1549<span class="c1">/// @access private</span> 1550<span class="c1">/// @type Map</span> 1551<span class="c1">/// @prop {String} key - Ïνομα εÏιÏÎÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1552<span class="c1">/// @prop {Number} value - Ïιμή Z για Ïο key</span> 1553<span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'modal'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">5000</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'dropdown'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">4000</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'default'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s1">'below'</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">-1</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="p">)</span> 1554 1555<span class="c1">/// ΠάÏε Ïην Ïιμή ÏÎ¿Ï z-index αÏο Ïο Ïνομα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏίÏÎµÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1556<span class="c1">/// @access public</span> 1557<span class="c1">/// @param {String} $layer - Ïνομα ÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏιÏÎÎ´Î¿Ï </span> 1558<span class="c1">/// @return {Number}</span> 1559<span class="c1">/// @require $z-indexes</span> 1560<span class="k">@function</span> <span class="nf">z</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="p">)</span> 1561 <span class="k">@if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nf">map-has-key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="p">)</span> 1562 <span class="k">@error</span> <span class="s1">'Îεν Ï ÏάÏÏει εÏίÏεδο με Ïνομα `</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">` μÎÏα ÏÏα $z-indexes. '</span> 1563 <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s1">
1563'Το εÏίÏεδο ÏÏÎÏει να είναι Îνα αÏο Ïα </span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="nf">map-keys</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">.'</span> 1564 1565 <span class="k">@return</span> <span class="nf">map-get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$z-indexes</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nv">$layer</span><span class="p">)</span> 1566</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Îια ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏεÏικά με Ïο ÏÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏεÏε Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@error</code> αÏοÏελεÏμαÏικά, <a href="https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/tutorials/an-introduction-to-error-handling-in-sass--cms-19996">Î±Ï Ïή η ειÏαγÏγή ÏÏο error handling</a> θα βοηθοÏÏε.</p></section><section id="chapter-tools" class="chapter chapter--tools"><h2 id="section-31">ÎÏγαλεία</h2><p>Το ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Î¼Îµ Îναν CSS preprocessor ÏÏÏο δημοÏιλή ÏÏο η Sass είναι ÏÏι ÎÏει Îνα ολÏκληÏο οικοÏÏÏÏημα αÏÏ frameworks, plugins, Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ εÏγαλεία. ÎεÏά αÏÏ 8 ÏÏÏνια ÏÏαÏξηÏ, κονÏεÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïλο και ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο ÏÏο Ïημείο ÏÎ¿Ï <a href="https://kittygiraudel.com/2014/10/27/rethinking-atwoods-law/">οÏιδήÏοÏε μÏοÏεί να γÏαÏÏεί Ïε Sass, ÎÏει γÏαÏÏεί Ïε Sass</a>.</p><p>ΠαÏÏλα Î±Ï Ïά η ÏÏ Î¼Î²Î¿Ï Î»Î® Î¼Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ να ελαÏιÏÏοÏοιήÏεÏε Ïον αÏÎ¹Î¸Î¼Ï ÏÏν εξαÏÏήÏεÏν ÏÏα αÏολÏÏÏÏ Î±ÏαÏαίÏηÏα. Το να διαÏειÏίζεÏÏε εξαÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÎÎ
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ÏÏÏ, Ïλα αÏ
Ïά είναι μικÏÎ®Ï ÏημαÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ δεν Ï
ÏάÏÏει κάÏοιο ÏÏαγμαÏικά δÏ
ναÏÏ ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯ μÎÏα. Îια εξαίÏεÏη θα μÏοÏοÏÏε να γίνει για Ïον sprite builder ÏοÏ
είναι <em>ÏÏαγμαÏικά Ï
ÏÎÏοÏοÏ</em>, αλλά Ïο <a href="https://github.com/filamentgroup/grunticon">Grunticon</a> και Ïο <a href="http://grumpicon.com/">Grumpicon</a> κάνοÏ
ν Ïην ίδια δοÏ
λειά και ÎÏοÏ
ν Ïο ÏλεονÎκÏημα ÏÏι μÏοÏοÏν να ενÏÏμαÏÏθοÏν ÏÏην διαδικαÏία ÏοÏ
build.</p><p>ΤελοÏÏάνÏÏν, δεν αÏαγοÏεÏÏ Ïην ÏÏήÏη ÏοÏ
Compass αλλά και οÏÏε Ïο ÏÏοÏείνÏ, κÏ
ÏίÏÏ ÎµÏειδή δεν είναι ÏÏ
μβαÏÏ Î¼Îµ Ïην LibSass (αν και ÎÏοÏ
ν γίνει ÏÏοÏÏÎ¬Î¸ÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î±Ï
Ïή Ïην καÏεÏθÏ
νÏη). Îν αιÏθάνεÏÏε καλÏÏεÏα ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιÏνÏÎ±Ï Ïο, κάνÏε Ïο, αλλά δεν Î½Î¿Î¼Î¯Î¶Ï ÏÏι θα κεÏδίÏεÏε Ïολλά αÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏ Ïελικά.</p><div class="note"><p>Î Ruby Sass δÎÏεÏαι αÏ
Ïή Ïη ÏÏιγμή ÏημανÏικÎÏ Î²ÎµÎ»ÏιÏÏοÏοιήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏοÏεÏοÏ
ν ÏÏ
γκÏιμÎνα ÏÏα styles ÏοÏ
ÏεÏιÎÏοÏ
ν Ïολλή λογική με ÏολλÎÏ ÏÏ
ναÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ mixins. ÎÏ
ÏÎÏ Î¸Î± βελÏιÏÏοÏ
ν δÏαμαÏικά Ïην αÏÏδοÏη Ïε Ïημείο ÏοÏ
Ïο Compass και άλλα frameworks δεν θα καθÏ
ÏÏεÏοÏν Ïια Ïη Sass.</p></div><h3 id="grid">ΣÏ
ÏÏήμαÏα Grid</h3><p>Το να μην ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏε Îνα ÏÏÏÏημα grid δεν είναι ÏλÎον εÏιλογή ÏÏÏα ÏοÏ
Ïο Responsive Web Design είναι ÏανÏοÏ. Îια να κάνοÏ
με Ïα designs να ÏαίνονÏαι ομοιÏμοÏÏα και ÏÏαθεÏά Ïε Ïλα Ïα μεγÎθη, ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε κάÏοιοÏ
είδοÏ
Ï grid για να ÏοÏοθεÏοÏμε Ïα ανÏικείμενα. Îια να αÏοÏÏγοÏ
με να γÏάÏοÏ
με Ïον κÏδικα ÏοÏ
grid ξανά και ξανά, μεÏικά λαμÏÏά μÏ
αλά Îκαναν Ïα δικά ÏοÏ
Ï grid εÏαναÏ
1566ÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏιμα.</p><p>Îια να Ïο θÎÏÏ ÏαÏÏÏ: Îεν ÏολÏ
ÏÏ
μÏÎ±Î¸Ï Ïα ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏα grid. ΦÏ
Ïικά και βλÎÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏοοÏÏικÎÏ, αλλά Î½Î¿Î¼Î¯Î¶Ï ÏÏι Ïα ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα αÏÏ Î±Ï
Ïά είναι ÏελείÏÏ Ï
ÏεÏβολικά και ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏνÏαι κÏ
ÏίÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± να ÏÏεδιάζοÏ
με κÏÎºÎºÎ¹Î½ÎµÏ ÏÏÎ®Î»ÎµÏ Ïε λεÏ
ÎºÏ ÏÏνÏο ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÏημειÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿Î¼Î¹Î»Î¹Ïν κάÏοιÏν ÏÏ
ÏÏν designers. Î ÏÏε ήÏαν η ÏελεÏ
Ïαία ÏοÏά ÏοÏ
ÏκÎÏÏηκαÏε <em>Ïάλι καλά ÏοÏ
ÎÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏ Ïο εÏγαλείο για να ÏÏήÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏ Ïο 2-5-3.1-Ï grid</em>; Î Î¿Î»Ï ÏÏÏÏά, ÏοÏÎ. ÎÏειδή ÏÎ¹Ï ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ ÏοÏÎÏ, αÏλά θÎλεÏε Ïο ÏÏ
νηθιÏμÎνο ÎºÎ±Î½Î¿Î½Î¹ÎºÏ grid με 12 ÏÏήλεÏ, ÏίÏοÏα ÏανÏαÏÏεÏÏ.</p><p>Îν ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏε Îνα CSS framework για Ïο project ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏÏÏ Ïο <a href="https://getbootstrap.com/">Bootstrap</a> ή Ïο <a href="https://get.foundation/">Foundation</a>, καÏά ÏάÏα ÏιθανÏÏηÏα αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¼ÏεÏιÎÏει ήδη Îνα ÏÏÏÏημα grid και Ïε αÏ
Ïή Ïην ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη ÏÏ
νιÏÏÏ Î½Î± Ïο ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏεÏε για να αÏοÏÏγεÏε να αÏÏοληθείÏε με ακÏμα μία εξάÏÏηÏη.</p><p>Îν δεν είÏÏε ÏÏοÏκολλημÎνοι Ïε Îνα ÏÏ
γκεκÏιμÎνο ÏÏÏÏημα grid, θα ÏαÏείÏε να μάθεÏε ÏÏι Ï
ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν δÏο κοÏÏ
ÏÎ±Î¯ÎµÏ Î¼Î·ÏανÎÏ grid γÏαμμÎÎ½ÎµÏ Ïε Sass: Ïο <a href="https://www.oddbird.net/susy/">Susy</a> και Ïο <a href="https://github.com/at-import/Singularity">Singularity</a>. Îαι οι δÏο κάνοÏ
ν Ïολλά ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα αÏÏ ÏÏι θα ÏÏειαÏÏείÏε ÏοÏΠοÏÏÏε μÏοÏείÏε να διαλÎξεÏε αÏ
Ïήν ÏοÏ
ÏÏοÏιμάÏε μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏÏν δÏο και να είÏÏε ÏίγοÏ
Ïοι ÏÏι ÏÎ»ÎµÏ Î¿Î¹ ακÏÎ±Î¯ÎµÏ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏαÏâακÏμη και οι Ïιο ÏαÏάξενεÏâθα ÎÏοÏ
ν καλÏ
Ïθεί. Îν με ÏÏÏάÏε, Ïο Suzy ÎÏει λίγο καλÏÏεÏη κοινÏÏηÏα, αλλά αÏ
Ïή είναι αÏλά η γνÏμη μοÏ
.</p><p>ÎλλιÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± αÏεÏ
θÏ
νθείÏε Ïε κάÏι Ïιο αÏλÏ, ÏÏÏÏ Ïο <a href="https://github.com/csswizardry/csswizardry-grids">csswizardry-grids</a>. Τελικά, η εÏιλογή δεν θα ÎÏει ÏημανÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î±Î½ÏίκÏÏ
Ïο ÏÏο Î´Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏÏ
λ κÏδικα, οÏÏÏε είναι λίγο ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏÏο ÏÎÏι ÏÎ±Ï Ïοιο θα διαλÎξεÏε.</p><h3 id="scss-lint">SCSS-lint</h3><p>Î ÎλεγÏÎ¿Ï (lint) ÏοÏ
κÏδικα είναι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏημανÏικÏÏ. ΣÏ
νήθÏÏ, Ïο να ακολοÏ
θείÏε Î¿Î´Î·Î³Î¯ÎµÏ Î±ÏÏ Îνα styleguide βοηθάει να ελαÏιÏÏοÏοιηθοÏν Ïα λάθη ÏοιÏÏηÏÎ±Ï ÏοÏ
κÏδικα, αλλά ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ είναι ÏÎÎ»ÎµÎ¹Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏάνÏοÏε Ï
ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν ÏÏάγμαÏα ÏοÏ
εÏιδÎÏονÏαι βελÏίÏÏη. ÎÏÏι μÏοÏείÏε να ÏείÏε ÏÏι ο ÎλεγÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
κÏδικα είναι εξίÏοÏ
ÏημανÏικÏÏ ÏÏο και ο ÏÏολιαÏμÏÏ ÏοÏ
.</p><p>Το <a href="https://github.com/causes/scss-lint">SCSS-lint</a>
1566 είναι Îνα εÏγαλείο ÏÎ¿Ï Ïε βοηθάει να κÏαÏάÏε Ïα SCSS αÏÏεία ÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¸Î±Ïά και ÎµÏ Î±Î½Î¬Î³Î½ÏÏÏα. Îίναι ÏλήÏÏÏ ÏαÏαμεÏÏοÏοιήÏιμο και εÏκολο να ενÏÏμαÏÏθεί ÏÏα εÏγαλεία ÏαÏ.</p><p>ÎÏ ÏÏ ÏÏÏ, οι ÏÏοÏεινÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½ÎµÏ ÏÏ Î¸Î¼Î¯ÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ¿Ï SCSS-lint είναι αÏκεÏά ÏαÏÏÎ¼Î¿Î¹ÎµÏ Î¼Îµ Î±Ï ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¿Ï ÏεÏιγÏάÏονÏαι ÏÏο ÏαÏÏν ÎγγÏαÏο. Îν θÎλεÏε να ÏαÏαμεÏÏοÏοιήÏεÏε Ïο SCSS-lint ÏÏμÏÏνα με Ïα Sass Guidelines, ÏÏοÏÎµÎ¯Î½Ï Ïο ακÏÎ»Î¿Ï Î¸Î¿ setup:</p><div class="code-block"><div class="code-block__wrapper"><div class="language-yaml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="na">linters</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1567 1568 <span class="na">BangFormat</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1569 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1570 <span class="na">space_before_bang</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1571 <span class="na">space_after_bang</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1572 1573 <span class="na">BemDepth</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1574 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1575 <span class="na">max_elements</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="m">1</span> 1576 1577 <span class="na">BorderZero</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1578 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1579 <span class="na">convention</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">zero</span> 1580 1581 <span class="na">ChainedClasses</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1582 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1583 1584 <span class="na">ColorKeyword</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1585 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1586 1587 <span class="na">ColorVariable</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1588 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1589 1590 <span class="na">Comment</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1591 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1592 1593 <span class="na">DebugStatement</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1594 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1595 1596 <span class="na">DeclarationOrder</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1597 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1598 1599 <span class="na">DisableLinterReason</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1600 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1601 1602 <span class="na">DuplicateProperty</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1603 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1604 1605 <span class="na">ElsePlacement</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1606 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1607 <span class="na">style</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">same_line</span> 1608 1609 <span class="na">EmptyLineBetweenBlocks</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1610 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1611 <span class="na">ignore_single_line_blocks</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1612 1613 <span class="na">EmptyRule</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1614 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1615 1616 <span class="na">ExtendDirective</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1617 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1618 1619 <span class="na">FinalNewline</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1620 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1621 <span class="na">present</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1622 1623 <span class="na">HexLength</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1624 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1625 <span class="na">style</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">short</span> 1626 1627 <span class="na">HexNotation</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1628 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1629 <span class="na">style</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">lowercase</span> 1630 1631 <span class="na">HexValidation</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1632 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1633 1634 <span class="na">IdSelector</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1635 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1636 1637 <span class="na">ImportantRule</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1638 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">
1638false</span> 1639 1640 <span class="na">ImportPath</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1641 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1642 <span class="na">leading_underscore</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1643 <span class="na">filename_extension</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1644 1645 <span class="na">Indentation</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1646 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1647 <span class="na">allow_non_nested_indentation</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1648 <span class="na">character</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">space</span> 1649 <span class="na">width</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="m">2</span> 1650 1651 <span class="na">LeadingZero</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1652 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1653 <span class="na">style</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">include_zero</span> 1654 1655 <span class="na">MergeableSelector</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1656 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1657 <span class="na">force_nesting</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1658 1659 <span class="na">NameFormat</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1660 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1661 <span class="na">convention</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">hyphenated_lowercase</span> 1662 <span class="na">allow_leading_underscore</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1663 1664 <span class="na">NestingDepth</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1665 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1666 <span class="na">max_depth</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="m">1</span> 1667 1668 <span class="na">PlaceholderInExtend</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1669 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1670 1671 <span class="na">PrivateNamingConvention</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1672 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1673 <span class="na">prefix</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">_</span> 1674 1675 <span class="na">PropertyCount</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1676 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1677 1678 <span class="na">PropertySortOrder</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1679 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1680 1681 <span class="na">PropertySpelling</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1682 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1683 <span class="na">extra_properties</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="pi">[]</span> 1684 1685 <span class="na">PropertyUnits</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1686 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1687 1688 <span class="na">PseudoElement</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1689 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1690 1691 <span class="na">QualifyingElement</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1692 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1693 <span class="na">allow_element_with_attribute</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1694 <span class="na">allow_element_with_class</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1695 <span class="na">allow_element_with_id</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1696 1697 <span class="na">SelectorDepth</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1698 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1699 <span class="na">max_depth</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="m">3</span> 1700 1701 <span class="na">SelectorFormat</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1702 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1703 <span class="na">convention</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">hyphenated_lowercase</span> 1704 <span class="na">class_convention</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s1">'</span><span class="s">^(?:u|is|has)\-[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9]*$|^(?!u|is|has)[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*(?:\-[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9]*)?(?:\-\-[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9]*)?$'</span> 1705 1706 <span class="na">Shorthand</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1707 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1708 1709 <span class="na">SingleLinePerProperty</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1710 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1711 <span class="na">allow_single_line_rule_sets</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">
1711false</span> 1712 1713 <span class="na">SingleLinePerSelector</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1714 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1715 1716 <span class="na">SpaceAfterComma</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1717 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1718 1719 <span class="na">SpaceAfterPropertyColon</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1720 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1721 <span class="na">style</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">one_space</span> 1722 1723 <span class="na">SpaceAfterPropertyName</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1724 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1725 1726 <span class="na">SpaceAfterVariableColon</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1727 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1728 <span class="na">style</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">at_least_one_space</span> 1729 1730 <span class="na">SpaceAfterVariableName</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1731 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1732 1733 <span class="na">SpaceAroundOperator</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1734 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1735 <span class="na">style</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">one_space</span> 1736 1737 <span class="na">SpaceBeforeBrace</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1738 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1739 <span class="na">style</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">space</span> 1740 <span class="na">allow_single_line_padding</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1741 1742 <span class="na">SpaceBetweenParens</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1743 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1744 <span class="na">spaces</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> 1745 1746 <span class="na">StringQuotes</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1747 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1748 <span class="na">style</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">single_quotes</span> 1749 1750 <span class="na">TrailingSemicolon</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1751 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1752 1753 <span class="na">TrailingZero</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1754 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1755 1756 <span class="na">TransitionAll</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1757 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1758 1759 <span class="na">UnnecessaryMantissa</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1760 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1761 1762 <span class="na">UnnecessaryParentReference</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1763 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1764 1765 <span class="na">UrlFormat</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1766 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1767 1768 <span class="na">UrlQuotes</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1769 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1770 1771 <span class="na">VariableForProperty</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1772 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">false</span> 1773 1774 <span class="na">VendorPrefixes</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1775 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1776 <span class="na">identifier_list</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="s">base</span> 1777 <span class="na">include</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="pi">[]</span> 1778 <span class="na">exclude</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="pi">[]</span> 1779 1780 <span class="na">ZeroUnit</span><span class="pi">:</span> 1781 <span class="na">enabled</span><span class="pi">:</span> <span class="no">true</span> 1782</code></pre></div></div></div></div><p>Îν δεν είÏÏε ÏεÏειÏμÎνοι για Ïην αναγκαιÏÏηÏα ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏήÏÎ·Ï ÏÎ¿Ï SCSS-lint, ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏοÏÎµÎ¯Î½Ï Î½Î± διαβάÏεÏε Î±Ï Ïά Ïα εξαιÏεÏικά άÏθÏα: <a href="https://blog.martinhujer.cz/clean-up-your-sass-with-scss-lint/">Clean Up your Sass with SCSS-lint</a>, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/info/developer-blog/2014/may/13/improving-sass-code-quality-on-theguardiancom">Improving Sass code quality on theguardian.com</a> και <a href="https://davidtheclark.com/scss-lint-styleguide/">An Auto-Enforceable SCSS Styleguide</a>.</p><div class="note"><p>Îν θÎλεÏε να ενÏÏμαÏÏÏεÏε ÎλεγÏο ÏÎ·Ï SCSS ÏÏην διακαÏία Grunt build, θα ÏαÏείÏε να μάθεÏε ÏÏι Ï ÏάÏÏει Îνα Grunt plugin γιâ Î±Ï ÏÏ Ïο ÏκοÏÏ ÏÎ¿Ï Î»ÎγεÏαι <a href="https://github.com/ahmednuaman/grunt-scss-lint">grunt-scss-lint</a>.</p><p>ÎÏίÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½ ÏάÏνεÏε μια ÏÏαία εÏαÏμογή ÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± Î´Î¿Ï Î»ÎµÏει με Ïο SCSS-lint Î
1782ºÎ±Î¹ ÏαÏÏμοια εÏγαλεία, οι ÏÏÏοι ÏÏην <a href="https://thoughtbot.com/">Thoughtbot</a> (Bourbon, Neatâ¦) δοÏ
λεÏοÏ
ν ÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÏο <a href="https://houndci.com/">Hound</a>.</p></div></section><section id="chapter-tldr" class="chapter chapter--tldr"><h2 id="section-32">ÎνακεÏαλαίÏÏη</h2><p>Τα guidelines αÏ
Ïά είναι αÏκεÏά εκÏενή και καμιά ÏοÏά είναι ÏÏήÏιμο να Ï
ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν ÏÏ
νοÏÏικά Ïε μια Ïιο ÏÏνÏομη ÎκδοÏη. Î ÏεÏίληÏη ÏαÏακάÏÏ.</p><h3 id="section-33">ÎαÏικÎÏ Î±ÏÏÎÏ</h3><ul><li>Î ÏÏαÏξη ενÏÏ styleguide ÎÏει να κάνει με Ïη <strong>ÏÏ
νοÏή</strong>. Îν διαÏÏÎ½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î¼Îµ κάÏοιοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±Î½ÏÎ½ÎµÏ ÏÏν Sass Guidelines, δεν ÏÏÎÏει κάÏι, αÏκεί να διαÏηÏÎµÎ¯Ï Ïη ÏÏ
νοÏή.</li><li>Î Sass ÏÏÎÏει να διαÏηÏείÏαι ÏÏο Ïιο αÏλή γίνεÏαι. ÎÏοÏεÏγοÏ
με ÏολÏÏλοκα ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏα εκÏÏÏ ÎºÎ¹ αν είναι αÏολÏÏÏÏ Î±Î½Î±Î³ÎºÎ±Î¯Î±.</li><li>Îα θÏ
μάÏαι ÏÏι Ïο <em>KISS</em> (Keep It Simple, Stupid) είναι καλÏÏεÏο αÏÏ Ïο <em>DRY</em>
1782 (Donât Repeat Yourself).</li></ul><h3 id="section-34">ΣÏνÏαξη & μοÏÏοÏοίηÏη</h3><ul><li>Îία εÏοÏή (indentation) αÏοÏελείÏαι αÏÏ Î´Ïο (2) κενά, ÏÏι tabs.</li><li>Îι αÏÎ¬Î´ÎµÏ ÏÏÎÏει να είναι ââÏÏο Ïο δÏ
ναÏÏνââ μικÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ Î±ÏÏ 80 ÏαÏακÏήÏεÏ. Îη διÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± ÏÎ¹Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÏÏÏίÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε ÏολλÎÏ Î³ÏαμμÎÏ ÏÏαν είναι αÏαÏαίÏηÏο.</li><li>Î CSS ÏÏÎÏει να είναι οÏθά γÏαμμÎνη, ενδεÏομÎνÏÏ Î±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï
θÏνÏÎ±Ï Ïα <a href="https://cssguidelin.es">CSS Guidelines</a> ÏοÏ
Harry Roberts.</li><li>Îεν Ï
ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοί ÏÏα κενά, ÏÏηÏιμοÏοίηÏÎ Ïα για να διαÏÏÏίÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î±Î½Ïικείμενα, κανÏÎ½ÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ οÏίÏμαÏα. Îη διÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± αÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎµÎ½ÎÏ Î³ÏαμμÎÏ, ÏοÏΠδε βλάÏÏει.</li></ul><h4 id="strings-1">Strings</h4><ul><li>ΣÏ
νιÏÏάÏαι ιδιαίÏεÏα να οÏίζοÏ
με Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">@charset</code> directive ÏÏην κοÏÏ
Ïή ÏοÏ
stylesheet.</li><li>Îε εξαίÏεÏη ÏοÏ
Ï CSS identifiers, Ïα strings ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏοÏ
ν μονά ειÏαγÏγικά (â). Τα URL εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î¸ÎλοÏ
ν ειÏαγÏγικά.</li></ul><h4 id="section-35">ÎÏιθμοί</h4><ul><li>Î Sass δεν κάνει διαÏÏÏιÏμοÏÏ Î±Î½Î¬Î¼ÎµÏα Ïε αÏιθμοÏÏ, ακÎÏαιοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ δεκαδικοÏÏ, οÏÏÏε Ïα μηδενικά (0) μεÏά Ïο ÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎºÎ±Î´Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏÏÎÏει να ÏαÏαλείÏονÏαι. ΠάÏαÏ
Ïα, Ïα μηδενικά ÏÏιν αÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï Î´ÎµÎºÎ±Î´Î¹ÎºÎ¿ÏÏ Î¼Î¹ÎºÏÏÏεÏοÏ
Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬Î´Î±Ï (0) βοηθάνε ÏÏην αναγνÏÏιμÏÏηÏα και ÏÏÎÏει να εμÏανίζονÏαι.</li><li>Îνα Î¼Î·Î´ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÏ (0) Î¼Î®ÎºÎ¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏει μονάδα μÎÏÏηÏηÏ.</li><li>Îι μεÏαÏÏοÏÎÏ Î¼Î¿Î½Î¬Î´Ïν μÎÏÏηÏÎ·Ï ÏÏÎÏει να Ï
ÏολογίζονÏαι με αÏιθμηÏικÎÏ ÏÏάξειÏ, ÏÏι με string operations.</li><li>Îια Ïη βελÏίÏÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î±Î³Î½ÏÏιμÏÏηÏαÏ, οι Ï
ÏολογιÏμοί Ï
ÏÎ·Î»Î¿Ï ÎµÏιÏÎδοÏ
ÏÏÎÏει να μÏαίνοÏ
ν Ïε ÏαÏÎνθεÏη. ÎÏίÏηÏ, ÏÏνθεÏÎµÏ Î¼Î±Î¸Î·Î¼Î±ÏικÎÏ ÏÏÎ¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÎÏει να διαÏÏÏίζονÏαι Ïε μικÏÏÏεÏα κομμάÏια.</li><li>Îι μαγικοί αÏιθμοί βλάÏÏοÏ
ν δÏαμαÏικά Ïην ÏÏ
νÏηÏηÏιμÏÏηÏα ÏοÏ
κÏδικα και ÏÏÎÏει ÏάνÏα να αÏοÏεÏγονÏαι. ÎÏαν δεν είÏαι ÏίγοÏ
ÏοÏ, να ÎµÎ¾Î·Î³ÎµÎ¯Ï ÎµÎºÏενÏÏ Ïον αμÏιλεγÏμενο αÏιθμÏ.</li></ul><h4 id="section-36">ΧÏÏμαÏα</h4><ul><li>Τα ÏÏÏμαÏα ÏÏÎÏει να οÏίζονÏαι Ïε HSL ÏÏοÏίÏÏÏÏ, μεÏά Ïε RGB, και μεÏά Ïε δεκαεξαδικοÏÏ (με ÏεζοÏÏ ÏαÏακÏήÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏ
νÏομεÏ
μÎνη μοÏÏή). Τα ονÏμαÏα ÏÏν ÏÏÏμάÏÏν ÎºÎ±Î»Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ να αÏοÏεÏγονÏαι.</li><li>Î ÏοÏιμοÏμε Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mix(..)</code> ανÏί για Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">darken(..)</code> και Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">lighten(..)</code> ÏÏαν λεÏ
καίνοÏ
με ή ÏκοÏ
ÏαίνοÏ
με Îνα ÏÏÏμα.</li></ul><h4 id="lists">Lists</h4><ul><li>Τα lists ÏÏÎÏει να διαÏÏÏίζονÏαι με κÏμμα, εκÏÏÏ ÏÏαν ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏνÏαι για αÏεÏ
Î¸ÎµÎ¯Î±Ï Î±Î½ÏιÏÏοίÏιÏη Ïε CSS values ÏοÏ
διαÏÏÏίζονÏαι με κενά.</li><li>Î ÏÏήÏη ÏαÏενθÎÏεÏν εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î²Î¿Î·Î¸Î¬ÎµÎ¹ ÏÏη βελÏίÏÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î±Î³Î½ÏÏιμÏÏηÏαÏ.</li><li>Τα lists ÏοÏ
οÏίζονÏαι Ïε μία γÏαμμή δεν ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏοÏ
ν κÏμμα ÏÏο ÏÎλοÏ, ÎµÎ½Ï Ïα lists Ïε ÏολλαÏλÎÏ Î³ÏαμμÎÏ ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏοÏ
ν.</li></ul><h4 id="maps-2">Maps</h4><ul><li>Τα maps ÏοÏ
ÏεÏιÎÏοÏ
ν ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα αÏÏ Îνα ζεÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î³ÏάÏονÏαι Ïε ÏολλαÏλÎÏ Î³ÏαμμÎÏ.</li><li>Îια να βοηθήÏοÏ
με Ïη ÏÏ
νÏηÏηÏιμÏÏηÏα, Ïο ÏελεÏ
Ïαίο ζεÏÎ³Î¿Ï ÎµÎ½ÏÏ map ÏÏÎÏει να ÏελειÏνει με κÏμμα.</li><li>Τα keys ÏÏν maps ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
γÏάνει να είναι strings ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏοÏ
ν ειÏαγÏγικά ÏÏÏÏ Ïλα Ïα strings.</li></ul><h4 id="declarations">ΤαξινÏμηÏη ÏÏν οÏιÏμάÏÏν (declarations)</h4><ul><li>Πλογική ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε για να ÏαξινομήÏοÏ
με Ïα οÏίÏμαÏα (αλÏαβηÏικά, ανά ÏÏÏο, κλÏ.) δεν ÎÏει ÏημαÏία αÏκεί να Ï
ÏάÏÏει ÏÏ
νοÏή.</li></ul><h4 id="selectors-nesting">ÎμÏÏλεÏ
Ïη ÏÏν selectors (nesting)</h4><ul><li>ÎÏοÏεÏγοÏ
με να εμÏÏλεÏοÏ
με selectors ÏÏαν δε ÏÏειάζεÏαι (ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏειÏ).</li><li>ΧÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε Ïην εμÏÏλεÏ
Ïη ÏÏν selectors για ÏεÏ
δο-κλάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏεÏ
δο-ανÏικείμενα.</li><li>Τα media queries μÏοÏοÏν εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î½Î± εμÏÏλεÏ
ÏοÏν μÎÏα ÏÏον selector ÏοÏ
ÏοÏ
Ï Î±Î½ÏιÏÏοιÏεί.</li></ul><h3 id="section-37">ΣÏ
μβάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î±ÏιÏν</h3><ul><li>Το καλÏÏεÏο είναι να ακολοÏ
θοÏμε ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏ
μβάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î±ÏιÏν ÏÎ·Ï CSS, οι οÏÎ¿Î¯ÎµÏ (με εξαίÏεÏη κάÏοια λάθη) είναι με ÏεζοÏÏ ÏαÏακÏήÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ διαÏÏÏίζονÏαι με ÏαÏλεÏ.</li></ul><h3 id="section-38">ΣÏÏλια</h3><ul><li>Î CSS είναι ζÏÏικη γλÏÏÏα· μη διÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± γÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎµÎºÏενÎÏÏαÏα ÏÏÏλια για οÏιδήÏοÏε ÏαίνεÏαι (ή είναι) αÏαÏÎÏ.</li><li>ÎÏον αÏοÏά μεÏαβληÏÎÏ, ÏÏ
ναÏÏήÏειÏ, mixins και placeholders ÏοÏ
καθοÏίζοÏ
ν κάÏοιο public API, ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε SassDoc ÏÏÏλια.</li></ul><h3 id="section-39">ÎεÏαβληÏÎÏ</h3><ul><li>Îη ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!default</code> flag για οÏοιαδήÏοÏε μεÏαβληÏή είναι μÎÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ¬ÏοιοÏ
public API και μÏοÏεί να αλλαÏÏεί άÏοβα.</li><li>Îη ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹ÎµÎ¯Ï Ïο <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">!global</code> flag ÏÏο root level γιαÏί μÏοÏεί μελλονÏικά να θεÏÏηθεί ÏÏ
νÏακÏική ÏαÏάβαÏη ÏÏη Sass.</li></ul><h3 id="extend-1">Extend</h3><ul><li>Îα εÏεκÏÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Ïνο placeholders, ÏÏι ÏÏαγμαÏικοÏÏ CSS selectors.</li><li>Îα εÏεκÏÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Îναν placeholder ÏÏο Ïο δÏ
ναÏÏν λιγÏÏεÏÎµÏ ÏοÏÎÏ Î³Î¹Î± να αÏοÏÏÎ³ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏαÏενÎÏγειεÏ.</li></ul></section><div class="donate "><div class="donate__content"><p>
1782Îν εκÏίμηÏÎµÏ Ïα Sass Guidelines, ÏÏήÏιξε Ïην ÏÏοÏÏάθεια.</p><a href="https://gum.co/sass-guidelines" class="button " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-euro"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only"></span> Î¥ÏοÏÏηÏίξÏε Ïο Sass Guidelines </a></div></div></div></main><a href="#top" class="button-ui button-ui--back "> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-up"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">ÎÏιÏÏÏοÏή ÏÏην κοÏÏ
Ïή</span> </a><footer class="footer " role="contentinfo"><p class="footer__metadata"> © 2026 <span lang="en">Sass Guidelines</span> v1.3 (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.el">CC BY 4.0</a>) â ΦÏιαγμÎνο με μεÏάκι αÏÏ Ïον <a href="https://kittygiraudel.com">Kitty Giraudel</a> και μεÏαÏÏάÏÏηκε αÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï <a href="https://github.com/margaritis">Kostantinos Margaritis</a>, <a href="https://github.com/varemenos">Adonis K.</a>, <a href="https://github.com/modkaffes">Mod Kaffes</a> και <a href="vhttps://github.com/sebdesign">Sébastien Nikolaou</a> .</p></footer></div><aside class="aside" id="options-panel" aria-labelledby="aside-title"><div class="aside__overlay" data-a11y-dialog-hide></div><div class="aside__content" role="document"><h2 class="aside__title" id="aside-title"> εÏιλογÎÏ</h2><section class="aside__section aside__section--extras"> <a href="https://github.com/KittyGiraudel/sass-guidelines/issues" class="button " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> ÎναÏοÏά ÏÏοβλήμαÏÎ¿Ï </a> <a href="https://gum.co/sass-guidelines" class="button " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-euro"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only"></span> Î¥ÏοÏÏηÏίξÏε Ïο Sass Guidelines </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/share?text=Sass+Guidelines%2C+An+opinionated+styleguide+for+writing+sane%2C+maintainable+and+scalable+Sass+by+%40KittyGiraudel+%E2%80%93&url=https://sass-guidelin.es" class="button " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-twitter"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only"></span> ÎιαδÏÏÏε Ïο </a></section><section class="aside__section aside__section--syntax js-powered"> <fieldset> <legend class="aside__heading">ÎÏδικÏÏ ÏÏνÏαξη</legend><ul class="aside__radio-list"><li><div class="button"> <input type="radio" name="syntax" id="syntax-toggle-sass" value="sass" /> <label for="syntax-toggle-sass">Sass</label></div></li><li><div class="button"> <input type="radio" name="syntax" id="syntax-toggle-scss" value="scss" checked /> <label for="syntax-toggle-scss">SCSS</label></div></li></ul></fieldset></section><section class="aside__section aside__section--language"> <label for="language-picker" class="aside__heading"> ÎλÏÏÏα </label><div class="language-picker custom-select js-powered "> <select id="language-picker" data-current-page="/el/"> <option value="/cz/" > Czech (1.1) </option> <option value="/da/" > Danish (1.1) </option> <option value="/de/" > German (1.3) </option> <option value="/el/" selected> Greek (1.3) </option> <option value="/" > English (1.3) </option> <option value="/es/" > Spanish (1.3) </option> <option value="/fr/" > French (1.3) </option> <option value="/it/" > Italian (1.3) </option> <option value="/ko/" > Korean (1.3) </option> <option value="/nl/" > Dutch (1.3) </option> <option value="/pl/" > Polish (1.2) </option> <option value="/pt/" > Portuguese (1.3) </option> <option value="/ru/" > Russian (1.3) </option> <option value="/zh/" > Chinese (1.3) </option> </select></div><noscript><ul><li> <a href="/cz/"> Czech (1.1) </a></li><li> <a href="/da/"> Danish (1.1) </a></li><li> <a href="/de/"> German (1.3) </a></li><li> <a href="/el/"> Greek (1.3) </a></li><li> <a href="/"> English (1.3) </a></li><li> <a href="/es/"> Spanish (1.3) </a></li><li> <a href="/fr/"> French (1.3) </a></li><li> <a href="/it/"> Italian (1.3) </a></li><li> <a href="/ko/"> Korean (1.3) </a></li><li> <a href="/nl/"> Dutch (1.3) </a></li><li> <a href="/pl/"> Polish (1.2) </a></li><li> <a href="/pt/"> Portuguese (1.3) </a></li><li> <a href="/ru/"> Russian (1.3) </a></li><li> <a href="/zh/"> Chinese (1.3) </a></li></ul></noscript></section><noscript> <a href="#" class="aside__close " aria-label="ÎλείÏÏε Ïον Ïίνακα εÏιλογÏν"> × </a> </noscript> <button data-a11y-dialog-hide type="button" aria-label="ÎλείÏÏε Ïον Ïίνακα εÏιλογÏν" class="aside__close js-powered"> × </button></div></aside><template id="svg-link-tpl"> <a class="chapter__link button-ui"> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-pin"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">ΣÏ
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