1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="utf-8"> 5 <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-1BmE4kWBq78iYhFldvKuhfTAU6auU8tT94WrHftjDbrCEXSU1oBoqyl2QvZ6jIW3" crossorigin="anonymous"> 6 <title>Climate financing</title> 7 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="public/style.css"> 8 </head> 9 <body class="text-responsive"> 10 <div class="container"> 11 <header class="d-flex flex-wrap justify-content-center py-3 mb-4 navbar navbar-light bg-light"><a class="d-flex align-items-center mb-3 mb-md-0 me-md-auto text-decoration-none ms-3" href="/"><span class="fs-4 navbar-brand">The Great Carbon Arbitrage</span></a> 12 <!-- This is GDPR-compliant--> 13 <!-- script(async defer src="https://beampipe.io/js/tracker.js" data-beampipe-domain="greatcarbonarbitrage.com")--> 14 <!-- The following has unlimited events--> 15 <!--script(data-host="https://microanalytics.io" data-dnt="false" src="https://microanalytics.io/js/script.js" id="ZwSg9rf6GA" async defer)--> 16 <ul class="nav nav-text"> 17 <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" href="index.html">Carbon Arbitrage</a></li> 18 <li class="nav-item"> 19 <div class="dropdown"><a class="nav-link active dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" id="ClimateFinancingDropdown">Climate Financing</a> 20 <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="ClimateFinancingDropdown"> 21 <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="climate_financing_map.html">Country</a></li> 22 <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="climate_financing.html">Regional</a></li> 23 <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="climate_financing_yearly.html">Annual</a></li> 24 </ul> 25 </div> 26 </li> 27 <li class="nav-item"> 28 <div class="dropdown"><a class="nav-link active dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" id="OpportunityCostsDropdown">Opportunity Costs</a> 29 <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="OpportunityCostsDropdown"> 30 <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="opportunity_costs_map.html">Country</a></li> 31 <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="opportunity_costs.html">Global</a></li> 32 </ul> 33 </div> 34 </li> 35 <li class="nav-item"> 36 <div class="dropdown"><a class="nav-link active dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" id="CoasianBargainDropdown">Coasian Bargain</a> 37 <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="CoasianBargainDropdown"> 38 <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="coasian_bargain_global.html">Global deal</a></li> 39 <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="coasian_bargain_regional.html">Regional deal</a></li> 40 <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="coasian_bargain_country.html">Country deal</a></li> 41 </ul> 42 </div> 43 </li> 44 <li class="nav-item"> 45 <div class="dropdown"><a class="nav-link active dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" id="paperDropdown">Paper</a> 46 <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="paperDropdown"> 47 <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://cepr.org/publications/dp17654">CEPR</a></li> 48 <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2022/05/31/The-Great-Carbon-Arbitrage-518464">IMF</a></li> 49 </ul> 50 </div> 51 </li> 52 <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" href="https://github.com/ox-inet-resilience/carbon_arbitrage_code">Code</a></li> 53 <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" href="blogs.html">Blogs</a></li> 54 <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" href="media.html">Media</a></li> 55 <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" href="talks.html">Talks</a></li> 56 <li class="nav-item"></li> 57 </ul> 58 </header> 59 </div> 60 <div class="d-flex flex-column flex-lg-row justify-content-center"> 61 <!-- Input--> 62 <div class="d-flex flex-wrap justify-content-center py-3 mb-4" style="margin:0 auto"> 63 <div class="flex-column"> 64 <div> 65 Regional break-down of the present value of<br>
65climate finance needed to replace coal with renewables.</div> 66 <label class="form-label" for="requisite-climate-financing-unit">Unit<span class="text-success" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="top" title="Present value of climate financing needs, given by the present value of costs of phasing out coal (i.e., opportunity costs of coal and investments costs in replacement energy). This is expressed either in Trillion dollars or as a percentage of GDP over [t+2,T]."> 67 <!-- The vertical-align: -0.125em is necessary. See https://github.com/twbs/icons/issues/82--> 68 <svg class="bi bi-info-circle" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="vertical-align: -0.125em"> 69 <path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14zm0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16z"></path> 70 <path d="m8.93 6.588-2.29.287-.082.38.45.083c.294.07.352.176.288.469l-.738 3.468c-.194.897.105 1.319.808 1.319.545 0 1.178-.252 1.465-.598l.088-.416c-.2.176-.492.246-.686.246-.275 0-.375-.193-.304-.533L8.93 6.588zM9 4.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0z"></path> 71 </svg></span> 72 </label> 73 <select class="form-select w-80 mb-2" id="requisite-climate-financing-unit" onchange="calculate()"> 74 <option selected>Trillion dollars</option> 75 <option>% of GDP</option> 76 </select> 77 <label class="form-label" for="phaseout-scenario">Coal phase out scenario<span class="text-success" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="top" title="The pathway according to which coal is phased out. âNet Zero 2050 (NGFS global scenario)â uses a pathway developed by the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) to phase out coal in line with the net zero 2050 ambitions."> 78 <!-- The vertical-align: -0.125em is necessary. See https://github.com/twbs/icons/issues/82--> 79 <svg class="bi bi-info-circle" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="vertical-align: -0.125em"> 80 <path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14zm0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16z"></path> 81 <path d="m8.93 6.588-2.29.287-.082.38.45.083c.294.07.352.176.288.469l-.738 3.468c-.194.897.105 1.319.808 1.319.545 0 1.178-.252 1.465-.598l.088-.416c-.2.176-.492.246-.686.246-.275 0-.375-.193-.304-.533L8.93 6.588zM9 4.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0z"></path> 82 </svg></span> 83 </label> 84 <select class="form-select w-80 mb-2" id="phaseout-scenario" onchange="calculate()"> 85 <option selected>Net Zero 2050 (NGFS global scenario)</option> 86 </select> 87 <label class="form-label" for="coal-replacement">Coal replacement<span class="text-success" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="top" title="The mixture of replacement energy with which phased out coal is replaced."> 88 <!-- The vertical-align: -0.125em is necessary. See https://github.com/twbs/icons/issues/82--> 89 <svg class="bi bi-info-circle" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="vertical-align: -0.125em"> 90 <path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14zm0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16z"></path> 91 <path d="m8.93 6.588-2.29.287-.082.38.45.083c.294.07.352.176.288.469l-.738 3.468c-.194.897.105 1.319.808 1.319.545 0 1.178-.252 1.465-.598l.088-.416c-.2.176-.492.246-.686.246-.275 0-.375-.193-.304-.533L8.93 6.588zM9 4.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0z"></path> 92 </svg></span> 93 </label> 94 <select class="form-select w-80 mb-2" id="coal-replacement" onchange="calculate()"> 95 <option value="100% solar, 0% wind">100% solar, 0% wind</option> 96 <option value="56% solar, 42% wind onshore, 2% wind offshore">56% solar, 44% wind (42% onshore, 2% offshore)</option> 97 <option selected value="50% solar, 25% wind onshore, 25% wind offshore">50% solar, 50% wind (25% onshore, 25% offshore)</option> 98 <option value="0% solar, 100% wind onshore, 0% wind offshore">0% solar, 100% wind (100% onshore, 0% offshore)</option> 99 <option value="0% solar, 0% wind onshore, 100% wind offshore">0% solar, 100% wind (0% onshore, 100% offshore)</option> 100 </select> 101 <label class="form-label" for="lifetime-renewable-plants">Lifetime of renewable plants 102 </label> 103 <select class="form-select w-80 mb-2" id="lifetime-renewable-plants" onchange="calculate()"> 104 <option selected>30 years</option> 105 <option>50 years</option> 106 </select> 107 <label class="form-label" for="learning-curve">Investment costs fall - learning curve<span class="text-success" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="top" title="The costs of renewables have fallen sharply over the last decades because of learning-by-doing. The drop-down âlearningâ means that we capture the drop in investment costs in renewables resulting from learning of earlier built renewables to replace coal. The drop-down âno learningâ represents a benchmark where no learning-by-doing effects take place and future investment costs do not further fall."> 108 <!-- The vertical-align: -0.125em is necessary. See https://github.com/twbs/icons/issues/82--> 109 <svg class="bi bi-info-circle" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="vertical-align: -0.125em"> 110 <path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14zm0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16z"></path> 111 <path d="m8.93 6.588-2.29.287-.082.38.45.083c.294.07.352.176.288.469l-.738 3.468c-.194.897.105 1.319.808 1.319.545 0 1.178-.252 1.465-.598l.088-.416c-.2.176-.492.246-.686.246-.275 0-.375-.193-.304-.533L8.93 6.588zM9 4.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0z"></path> 112 </svg></span> 113 </label> 114 <select class="form-select w-80 mb-2" id="learning-curve" onchange="calculate()"> 115 <option selected>Learning (investment cost drop because of learning)</option> 116 <option>No learning (no investment cost drop)</option> 117 </select> 118 <label class="form-label" for="discount-rate">Discount rate Ï<span class="text-success" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="top" title="The discount rate is used to obtain the present value of costs of phasing out coal over 2024 to the horizon. WACC stands for the weighted average costs of capital."> 119 <!-- The vertical-align: -0.125em is necessary. See https://github.com/twbs/icons/issues/82--> 120 <svg class="bi bi-info-circle" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="vertical-align: -0.125em"> 121 <path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14zm0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16z"></path> 122 <path d="m8.93 6.588-2.29.287-.082.38.45.083c.294.07.352.176.288.469l-.738 3.468c-.194.897.105 1.319.808 1.319.545 0 1.178-.252 1.465-.598l.088-.416c-.2.176-.492.246-.686.246-.275 0-.375-.193-.304-.533L8.93 6.588zM9 4.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0z"></path> 123 </svg></span> 124 </label> 125 <select class="form-select w-80 mb-2" id="discount-rate" onchange="calculate()"> 126 <option>0%</option> 127 <option selected>2.8% (WACC)</option> 128 <option>3.6% (WACC, average risk-premium 100 years)</option> 129 <option>5%</option> 130 <option>8%</option> 131 </select> 132 <label class="form-label" for="energy-storage">Investment costs in energy storage 133 </label> 134 <select class="form-select w-80 mb-2" id="energy-storage" onchange="calculate()"> 135 <option selected>Not included</option> 136 <option>Short-term storage</option> 137 <option>Short-term + long-term storage</option> 138 </select> 139 <label class="form-label" for="coal-export">Coal export 140 </label> 141 <select class="form-select w-80 mb-2" id="coal-export" onchange="calculate()"> 142 <option selected>Disabled</option> 143 <option>Enabled</option> 144 </select> 145 </div> 146 </div> 147 <!-- Output--> 148 <div class="mx-auto" id="barchart" style="@media (min-width: 1200px) {width:60%; margin:0 auto;}"></div> 149 </div> 150 <!-- Data--> 151 <div class="px-3 mb-3"> 152 <details> 153 <summary>Result data in JSON format (click here to view online, or <a id="download-result-data">download</a>) 154 </summary><code id="result-data"></code> 155 </details> 156 </div> 157
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157 158
158<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@observablehq/[email protected]"></script>
158 159
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159 160 <!-- Needed to enable Bootstrap tooltips--> 161
161<script src="js/enable_tooltips.js"></script>
161 162
162<script type="module"> 163 import {calculate} from "./js/climate_financing.js" 164 window.calculate = calculate 165 calculate() 166 </script>
166 167 </body> 168</html>
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