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7	Food Carbon Emissions Calculator FAQ - CleanMetrics
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85    <div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right: auto; width: 700px;">
86    <br />
87        <br />
88        <br />
89        <br />
90        <br />
91        <ol>
92        <li>
93            <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst">
94                <span style="line-height: 115%"><span class="style15"><a href="#q1">Why is CleanMetrics 
95                providing this free calculator?</a></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
96        </li>
97        <li>
98            <p class="style15">
99                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q2">Where do the food carbon emissions data come 
100                from?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
101        </li>
102        <li>
103            <p class="style15">
104                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q3">What was the reasoning behind including specific 
105                food commodities in the calculator?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
106        </li>
107        <li>
108            <p class="style15">
109                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q4">What are the underlying methodologies used in 
110                creating the emissions data?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
111        </li>
112        <li>
113            <p class="style15">
114                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q5">Are there any other assumptions that I should 
115                know about?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
116        </li>
117        <li>
118            <p class="style15">
119                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q6">Does the calculator include data on organic food 
120                production?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
121        </li>
122        <li>
123            <p class="style15">
124                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q7">What if I need data on additional food 
125                commodities and production/processing methods?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
126        </li>
127        <li>
128            <p class="style15">
129                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q8">What if I need data on packaging or cooking?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
130        </li>
131        <li>
132            <p class="style15">
133                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q9">Can I use the emissions data from this 
134                calculator in my teaching or research?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
135        </li>
136        <li>
137            <p class="style15">
138                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q10">Can I use the emissions data from this 
139                calculator for commercial purposes?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
140        </li>
141        <li>
142            <p class="style15">
143                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q11">What can businesses do to reduce emissions in 
144                our food system?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
145        </li>
146        <li>
147            <p class="style15">
148                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q12">What can consumers do to reduce emissions in our 
149                food system?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
150        </li>
151        <li>
152            <p class="style15">
153                <span style="line-height: 115%"><a href="#q13">How can I contact CleanMetrics with questions, 
154                comments or ideas?</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
155        </li>
156    </ol>
157    <p class="style15">
158        <span style="line-height: 115%"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
159    <p class="style15">
160        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
161    <p class="style15">
162        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
163    <p class="style15">
164        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
165    <p class="style15">
166        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
167    <p class="style15">
168        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
169    <p class="style15">
170        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%">
171        <a name="q1" id="q1"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Why is 
172        CleanMetrics providing this free calculator?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
173    <p class="style17">
174        There is clearly a strong need for simplified food emissions data that everyone can access for free, and a calculator that demonstrates the effect of a few variables in the food system that consumers can control. We are providing this calculator as a free service (and a first step) to help fill that need for public information and understanding. We are open to other ideas on how we can help advance the cause of food sustainability.</p>
175    <p class="style17">
176        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
177    <p class="style15">
178        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q2" id="q2"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Where do 
179        the food carbon emissions data come from?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
180    <p class="style17">
181        The underlying data used in the calculator (known as life-cycle inventory data) come from our life-cycle assessment results generated prior to 2020 using the CleanMetrics
182        <a href="https://www.cleanmetrics.com/foodcarbonscope" target="_blank">FoodCarbonScope</a> 
183        software. Over 95% of the agricultural data included in the calculator is for 
184        North American production. The calculator basically provides a dashboard to 
185        serve up the detailed results calculated using FoodCarbonScope. 
186    </p>
187    <p class="style17">
188        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
189    <p class="style15">
190        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q3" id="q3"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />What was 
191        the reasoning behind including specific food commodities in the calculator?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
192    <p class="style17">
193        We originally looked at several sources (such as the
194        <a href="http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FoodConsumption/FoodGuideSpreadsheets.htm" target="_blank">
195        USDA</a>,
196        <a href="http://www.aboutseafood.com/about/about-seafood/top-10-consumed-seafoods" target="_blank">
197        About Seafood</a>, and others) to come up with a list of about 31 food 
198        commodities that are commonly consumed in the US. We later expanded this to 296 raw and processed food commodities. For each of these commodities, 
199        we picked a typical North American production system or an average of several 
200        North American production systems (in one or more agricultural regions) to 
201        calculate the production emissions. 
202    </p>
203    <p class="style17">
204        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
205    <p class="style15">
206        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q4" id="q4"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />What are 
207        the underlying methodologies used in creating the emissions data?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
208    <p>
209        <span style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">
210        <span class="style15">Our emissions data and results are consistent with current 
211        international standards (</span></span><span class="style15"><a 
212            href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37456" 
213            target="_blank"><span 
214            style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: blue">ISO 
215        14040</span></a><span 
216            style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: #0066FF">
217        </span>
218        <span style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">
219        series, </span>
220        <a href="https://shop.bsigroup.com/forms/PASs/PAS-2050/" 
221            target="_blank">
222        <span style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: blue">
223        PAS 2050</span></a><span 
224            style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">) 
225        for life cycle assessment and product carbon footprint analysis. Baseline 
226        emissions from agriculture, livestock and waste disposal are calculated using 
227        the </span></span>
228        <a href="http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html" target="_blank">
229        <span style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; color: blue">
230        <span class="style15">IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories</span></span></a><span style="font-family:
231&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
232minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">.</span></p>
233    <p>
234        &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
235    <p class="style15">
236        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q5" id="q5"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Are there 
237        any other assumptions that I should know about?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
238    <p class="style15">
239        <span style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">
240        We assumed that all commodities would require 100 miles of local transport (in a 
241        single-unit truck). A couple of commodities require ocean transport because they 
242        are not produced in the contiguous US or Canada. In addition, the user can 
243        select the transport distance for the longest road segment via semi-trailer 
244        truck – the default distance is 1400 miles. Commodities are refrigerated or 
245        frozen in transit
246        <o:p>as needed.</o:p></span></p>
247    <p class="style15">
248        <span style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">
249        For waste disposal, we assumed that anaerobic landfills would be used in a 
250        temperate/wet climate zone, with 21% of the landfill methane flared and 23.25% 
251        of the methane converted to electricity.<o:p> If you are composting all of your 
252        food waste, you can set the waste percentage to 0 to get a close approximation 
253        of the overall impact of waste disposal.</o:p></span></p>
254    <p class="style15">
255        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
256    <p class="style15">
257        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q6" id="q6"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Does the 
258        calculator include data on organic food production?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
259    <p class="style15">
260        <span style="line-height: 115%">Yes, the calculator includes limited data on 
261        organic food production.</span><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
262    <p class="style15">
263        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
264    <p class="style15">
265        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q7" id="q7"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />What if I 
266        need data on additional food commodities and production/processing methods?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
267    <p class="style15">
268        <span style="line-height: 115%">Unfortunately, we are not in a position to provide any additional free 
269        data.</span></p>
270    <p class="style15">
271        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
272    <p class="style15">
273        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q8" id="q8"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />What if I 
274        need data on packaging or cooking?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
275    <p class="style15">
276        Email us and we will offer so<span style="line-height: 115%">me useful suggestions.</span></p>
277    <p class="style15">
278        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
279    <p class="style15">
280        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q9" id="q9"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Can I use 
281        the emissions data from this calculator in my teaching or research?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
282    <p class="style15">
283        <span style="line-height: 115%">Yes, absolutely. Please cite this website in any 
284        written material. Also be aware that this calculator is provided “as is” without 
285        any warranties or technical support.</span></p>
286    <p class="style15">
287        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
288    <p class="style15">
289        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q10" id="q10"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Can I use 
290        the emissions data from this calculator for commercial purposes?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
291    <p class="style15">
292        Y<span style="line-height: 115%">es, but without any technical support or consulting.</span></p>
293    <p class="style15">
294        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
295    <p class="style15">
296        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q11" id="q11"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />What can 
297        businesses do to reduce emissions in our food system?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
298    <p class="style15">
299        <span style="line-height: 115%">Businesses that are part of the food system – 
300        from agricultural producers and processors to distributors, retailers and 
301        restaurants – can do much to reduce emissions. Possible actions include better 
302        agricultural practices, higher energy efficiency in processing, improved 
303        packaging, reduced waste throughout the supply chain, more efficient 
304        distribution networks, enabling more informed consumer choice through product 
305        labeling, and so on. <o:p>Please <a href="mailto:[email protected]">contact us</a> if you would like to discuss climate-friendly business strategies.</o:p></span></p>
306    <p class="style15">
307        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
308    <p class="style15">
309        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q12" id="q12"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />What can 
310        consumers do to reduce emissions in our food system?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
311    <p class="MsoNormal">
312        The two biggest things consumers can do is to focus on their choice of proteins and work on reducing food waste (see our <a href="https://www.commondreams.org/views/2019/11/28/eating-well-without-destroying-climate" target="_blank">article</a> specifically addressing this). You can use this calculator to see the relative climate impacts of different kinds of proteins in your diet and think about consuming the most climate-friendly combination of proteins that you can. According to the USDA, over 30 percent of most food commodities are wasted at the consumer level. For every pound of food wasted, there are potentially avoidable emissions from agricultural production, processing, packaging, transport, cooking and waste disposal. Considering some of the difficulties in choosing foods that are less harmful to the environment, reducing food waste might well be one of the easier and more concrete actions that consumers can take. And you can use this calculator to figure out the total impact of food waste for many common food commodities (excluding packaging and cooking).</p>
313    <p class="MsoNormal">
314        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
315    <p class="style15">
316        <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="line-height: 115%"><a name="q13" id="q13"></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />How can I 
317        contact CleanMetrics with questions, comments or ideas?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
318    <p class="style17">
319        Please contact us at <a href="mailto:[email protected]"class="mtext" >
320        [email protected]</a>. If you have any questions, comments or 
321        interesting ideas, we want to hear from you. We will do our best to respond to 
322        your messages and ideas.<o:p></o:p></p>
323    <p class="style17">
324        <o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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