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ã«è¿ä¿¡ãã¾ã</span></a><a class="cta small price " href="/editing-service-pricing/"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/yen.svg" width="28" height="39" alt="è±ææ ¡æ£" class="me-3"/>æéã¨ç´æ<span class="small-text"></span></a></div><div class="iso-wrapper"><div class="iso-image">
350 <div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjUiIGhlaWdodD0iMjUiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"/></div><img alt="iso" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="iso-img" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="iso" srcSet="pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=32 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=64 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=64" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="iso-img" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></div><div class="iso-text">å¼·åºãªæ å ±ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ä½å¶ãä¿æãã伿¥ã«ä¸ããããISO/IEC 27001:2013ãæ´æ°ãç¶ãã¦ãã¾ã</div></div></div></div><section class="style_upperstepSection__3Rnjo"><div class="container style_containerBox__2rii3"><div class="style_headerBox__2ciax"><h2 class="style_mainTitle__14qDJ">ã¨ãã´ã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãé¸ã°ããçç±</h2><p class="style_mainDesc__VJ6EK">ã¨ãã´ã®è±ææ ¡æ£ã»è±ææ ¡é²ã»ç ç©¶æ¯æ´ãµã¼ãã¹ã¯ã2005å¹´ã®åµæ¥ä»¥æ¥ã 351ä¸ç200ä¸äººä»¥ä¸ã®ç ç©¶è ã«é¸ã°ãã¦ãã¾ããã 352é·å¹´ã«ãããå¹ã£ã¦ããå¦è¡åºçæ¯æ´ã®ãã¦ãã¦ãçããã 353è«æåºçã¾ã§ã®ããã»ã¹ãä¸è²«ãã¦ãµãã¼ããããã¾ãã</p></div><div class="style_cardsGrid__MRtrv"><div class="style_card__4YHfv"><div class="style_cardNumber__1pRcw">01</div><div class="style_cardContent__3t_Nl"><h3 class="style_cardTitle__34zmD">å°éåéãã¨ã®å¦è¡æ ¡æ£è½å</h3><p class="style_cardDesc__2HzKu">ã¨ãã´ã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ã¯ãå¦è¡è«æå°éã®è±ææ ¡æ£è ãå°éæ§ã®é«ãè«æå稿ã«ã対å¿ãåéã®å°éç¥èãæã¤æ å½è ãããã®é åã®ãããã¸ã£ã¼ãã«ã®ååãªã©ã念é ã«æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãã</p></div><div class="style_cardLinkWrapper__279fw"><a class="style_cardLink__3Xiy6" href="https://www.enago.jp/native-editors/">è±ææ ¡æ£è ã®æ¦è¦ãè¦ã<svg width="6" height="10" viewBox="0 0 6 10" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1.5L4.5 5L1 8.5" stroke="#000FFF" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="style_card__4YHfv"><div class="style_cardNumber__1pRcw">02</div><div class="style_cardContent__3t_Nl"><h3 class="style_cardTitle__34zmD">対話形å¼ã®åæ ¡æ£ããã»ã¹</h3><p class="style_cardDesc__2HzKu">æ ¡æ£å稿ç´åå¾ã«ã客æ§ãèªèº«ãä¿®æ£ãããå稿ãåæ°ç¡å¶éã§åæ ¡æ£ããã¢ãã¿ã¼ãµã¼ãã¹ããç´åå¾180æ¥éï½1å¹´éãæåã»ç¡åã§ãå©ç¨ããã ãã¾ãã 354</p></div><div class="style_cardLinkWrapper__279fw"><a class="style_cardLink__3Xiy6" href="https://www.enago.jp/after-sales-service/">ã¢ãã¿ã¼ãµã¼ãã¹ã«ã¤ãã¦<svg width="6" height="10" viewBox="0 0 6 10" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1.5L4.5 5L1 8.5" stroke="#000FFF" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="style_card__4YHfv"><div class="style_cardNumber__1pRcw">03</div><div class="style_cardContent__3t_Nl"><h3 class="style_cardTitle__34zmD">峿¥ç´åãªã©æè»ãªç´æ</h3><p class="style_cardDesc__2HzKu">ææãªæéä½ç³»ãè¨å®ããæç彿¥7æé以å ã«ç´åãã峿¥ç´åãã©ã³ããè±ææ ¡æ£ã®ãè¦ç©ããã»ãä¾é ¼ã¯24æéå¹´ä¸ç¡ä¼ã§åä»ä¸ã<b>ã¨ãã´ãªã鱿«ãæ¥ãã®ãä¾é ¼ã«ãè¿½å æéã¯ããã¾ããã</b></p></div><div class="style_cardLinkWrapper__279fw"><a class="style_cardLink__3Xiy6" href="https://www.enago.jp/editing-service-pricing/">
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class="style_card__4YHfv"><div class="style_cardNumber__1pRcw">05</div><div class="style_cardContent__3t_Nl"><h3 class="style_cardTitle__34zmD">ãã¼ã¿ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã<br/>æåªå ã«</h3><p class="style_cardDesc__2HzKu">ã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶ãã¼ã¿ã®ãã©ã¤ãã·ã¼ãèªç¤¾éçºã®æè¡ã§å®ãã¾ãããé ããããè±ææ ¡æ£å¯¾è±¡ãã¡ã¤ã«ãç¬èªã®ãã¡ã¤ã«å½¢å¼ã«å¤æãè±ææ ¡æ£ã®ã¢ã¯ãã£ããã£ã追跡ã»è¨é²ãã¾ãã 355</p></div><div class="style_cardLinkWrapper__279fw"><a class="style_cardLink__3Xiy6" href="https://www.enago.jp/enago-lock/">Enago Lockã®è©³ç´°ãè¦ã<svg width="6" height="10" viewBox="0 0 6 10" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1.5L4.5 5L1 8.5" stroke="#000FFF" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="style_card__4YHfv"><div class="style_cardNumber__1pRcw">06</div><div class="style_cardContent__3t_Nl"><h3 class="style_cardTitle__34zmD">ç ç©¶è ããã®<br/> è©ä¾¡</h3><p class="style_cardDesc__2HzKu">ãããºã¬ããªãããä¿¡é ¼ã§ããããã¨ãã´ã®è±ææ 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class="style_title__hKl1i">ç¶åç 究大å¦é¢å¤§å¦ </h4><p class="style_description__18mpq">ä¹ å å¾¹å ç</p></div></div></div><div class="style_panel__3KTQf"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/03_jp.webp" alt="æ¥æ¬å¤§å¦æçå¦é¨ç¤¾ä¼å¦ç§ " class="style_bgImage__1Ohsq"/><div class="style_overlay__1ORe6"></div><div class="style_textContent__1VqGx"><div class="style_redBar___Vpt-"></div><div class="style_textGroup__2afGL"><h4 class="style_title__hKl1i">æ¥æ¬å¤§å¦æçå¦é¨ç¤¾ä¼å¦ç§ </h4><p class="style_description__18mpq">ç³å²¡ä¸æ ææ</p></div></div></div><div class="style_playButtonContainer__1bLKt"><div class="style_playButton__JMUSY"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8 6.82v10.36c0 .79.87 1.27 1.54.84l8.14-5.18c.62-.39.62-1.29 0-1.69L9.54 5.98C8.87 5.55 8 6.03 8 6.82z"></path></svg></div></div></div></div></section><div class="container mb-5"><div class="EnagoPromiseNew_promiseSection__1DTFT"><div class="EnagoPromiseNew_promiseWrapper__1-vBD"><div class="EnagoPromiseNew_sealImage__lxOdB"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTMwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjE0NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="/></div><img alt="Enago Promise Seal" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Enago Promise Seal" srcSet="pwaimg/enago-promise-seal.png?imwidth=256 1x, 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</span> <strong class="dual-cta-class ms-lg-0 ms-2">ãè¦ç©ããã»ãä¾é ¼ã¯ãã¡ããã</strong> <div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjAiIGhlaWdodD0iMTgiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"/></div><img alt="è±ææ ¡æ£" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="è±ææ ¡æ£" srcSet="pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=32 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=48 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=48" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div> <span class="small-text">1æé以å ã«è¿ä¿¡ãã¾ã</span></a><a class="cta small price " href="/editing-service-pricing/"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/yen.svg" width="28" height="39" alt="è±ææ ¡æ£" class="me-3"/>æéã¨ç´æ<span class="small-text"></span></a></div><div class="iso-wrapper"><div class="iso-image">
355 <div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjUiIGhlaWdodD0iMjUiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"/></div><img alt="iso" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="iso-img" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="iso" srcSet="pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=32 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=64 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=64" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="iso-img" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></div><div class="iso-text">å¼·åºãªæ å ±ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ä½å¶ãä¿æãã伿¥ã«ä¸ããããISO/IEC 27001:2013ãæ´æ°ãç¶ãã¦ãã¾ã</div></div></div></div></div></div><section class="style_services-section__1MJp7 text-center"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-12 mt-md-0"><h2 class="wd65 heading-two">è±ææ ¡æ£ããã¯ã»å¦è¡ç¿»è¨³ã»<br/>ç ç©¶ããã¢ã¼ã·ã§ã³ãã¨ãã´ã§</h2></div></div><div class="row"><div class="style_service-card__Ew3aE col-md-4 col-sm-12 separator"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMzIwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEyNyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="/></div><img alt="è±èªç·¨éããã¯- è±ææ ¡æ£" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="style_service-image__38bpi" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="è±èªç·¨éããã¯- è±ææ ¡æ£" srcSet="uploads/service1_956c208a88.png?imwidth=384 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service1_956c208a88.png?imwidth=640 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service1_956c208a88.png?imwidth=640" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="style_service-image__38bpi" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div><h3 class="style_title__4_mP7">è±ææ ¡æ£ããã¯</h3><div class="style_txt-description__37Qui">æ»èªå¯¾å¿ä»ãã®åæ ¡æ£ãåæç¨¿æ¯æ´ã¾ã§å ¥ã£ãè±ææ ¡æ£ããã¯ã2種é¡ãç¨æãã¦ãã¾ãã 356<ul class="square-list"> 357<li>åéã®å°éå®¶ã«ããäºåæ»èªã¨ã¸ã£ã¼ãã«æ¨å¥¨ãã¤ããï¼<a href="/publication-support/full-pack/">è±ææ ¡æ£ãã«ããã¯</a></li> 358<li>å³ç»ã®èª¿æ´ãè«ææç¨¿æç¶ã代è¡ãªã©ãããã«ãªãµãã¼ãããæé ä¾¡æ ¼ã§ï¼<a href="/publication-support/smart-pack/">è±ææ ¡æ£ã¹ãã¼ãããã¯</a></li> 359</ul></div><div class="text-end"><a target="" class="sectionlink knowmore-link" href="/publication-support/"><span class="small-text readmorelink pe-1">è±ææ ¡æ£ããã¯</span> <!-- --> <img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/icons/right-icon.svg" alt="arrow" width="9" height="18"/></a></div></div><div class="style_service-card__Ew3aE col-md-4 col-sm-12 separator"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMzIwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEyNyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="/></div><img alt="è«æã®ç¿»è¨³ - è±ææ ¡æ£" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="style_service-image__38bpi" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="è«æã®ç¿»è¨³ - è±ææ ¡æ£" srcSet="uploads/service2_77df67ff1c.png?imwidth=384 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service2_77df67ff1c.png?imwidth=640 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service2_77df67ff1c.png?imwidth=640" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="style_service-image__38bpi" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div><h3 class="style_title__4_mP7">è«æç¿»è¨³ã»å¦è¡ç¿»è¨³ãµã¼ãã¹</h3><div class="style_txt-description__37Qui">æ¥æ¬èªã§æ¸ããè«æãè±èªã«ç¿»è¨³ããå½éã¸ã£ã¼ãã«ã¸ã®åçãç®æãç ç©¶è ã®ããã®å¦è¡ç¿»è¨³ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã 360<ul class="square-list"> 361<li><a href="https://www.enago.jp/translation/japanese-english-translation/">æ¥è±ç¿»è¨³ã»åè±ç¿»è¨³</a>:åéã®å°éå®¶æå¤§5åã«ããæ¥æ¬èªè«æã®è±è¨³ãµã¼ãã¹</li> 362<li><a href="https://www.enago.jp/translation/english-japanese-translation/">è±æ¥ç¿»è¨³ã»è±å翻訳</a>:åèè³æã»æç®ã®èªã¿è¾¼ã¿æã«æç¨ãªè±èªå¦è¡æç®ã®å訳ãµã¼ãã¹</li> 363</ul></div><div class="text-end"><a target="" class="sectionlink knowmore-link" href="/translation/japanese-english-translation/"><span class="small-text readmorelink pe-1">è«æç¿»è¨³ã»å¦è¡ç¿»è¨³ãµã¼ãã¹</span> <!-- --> <img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/icons/right-icon.svg" alt="arrow" width="9" height="18"/></a></div></div><div class="style_service-card__Ew3aE col-md-4 col-sm-12 separator"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMzIwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEyNyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="/></div><img alt="ç ç©¶ä¿é²æ¯æ´ - è±ææ ¡æ£" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="style_service-image__38bpi" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="ç ç©¶ä¿é²æ¯æ´ - è±ææ ¡æ£" srcSet="uploads/service3_6bf473c2a2.png?imwidth=384 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service3_6bf473c2a2.png?imwidth=640 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service3_6bf473c2a2.png?imwidth=640" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="style_service-image__38bpi" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div><h3 class="style_title__4_mP7">ç ç©¶ããã¢ã¼ã·ã§ã³ãµãã¼ã</h3><div class="style_txt-description__37Qui">ç ç©¶ã¢ã¦ããªã¼ãæ´»åããè«æã®è¢«å¼ç¨æ°å¢å ã«å½¹ç«ã¤9ã¤ã®ããâã¢ã¼ã·ã§ã³ãµã¼ãã¹ããç¨æãã¦ãã¾ãã 364<ul class="square-list"> 365<li>ç ç©¶åéã®å°éå®¶ã¨é«ãã¹ãã«ããã¤ãã¶ã¤ãã¼ã«ãããç§å¦çã«æ£ç¢ºã§ç¾ãããã¸ã¥ã¢ã«ç´ æ</li> 366<li>å¦è¡çãªå 容ãä¸è¬ã®äººã ã«ãåãããããã¾ã¨ããåç¨®ç´ æã
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ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããå¿èç
å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Two sentences have been joined here for a better flow of ideas in a more concise manner.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;For accurate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;measurement of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;QT interval\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; measurement\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, the relationship between QT and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;RâR interval\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshould be \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reproducible\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;repeatable\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparticularly in cases with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;issue is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimportant when the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; heart rate \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;50 bpm and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026gt;120\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;bpm.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Moreover,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Accurate measurement of the QT interval\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis also important in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;athletes and children who have a significant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeat-to-beat variability of the RâR interval\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; may need\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. In such cases, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;prolonged and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enumerous recordings\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;for accuracy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may be necessary\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elongest\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Longest\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; QT interval is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egenerally observed in the right precordial leads.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econgenital disorder\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; characterized by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which shows\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a protracted QT interval on\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electrocardiogram\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ECG\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This condition predisposes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients to the development of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econdition influences \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ventricular \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370tachyarrhythmia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tachyarrhythmias to develop in people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, which may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elead to syncope, cardiac arrest, or sudden \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cardiac \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;death.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Additionally\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLQTS\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, QT prolongation can lead to polymorphic ventricular\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etachycardia, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;also referred to as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etorsade de pointes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This condition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; itself may \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;result in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lead to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Considerably,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etorsade\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Torsade\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; de pointes is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;widely thought to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;triggered by calcium channel\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereactivation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;delayed sodium current\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereactivation, or a diminished outward potassium current that results in early\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eafterdepolarization (EAD). This leads to enhanced\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"An abbreviation is generally defined at its first use in the text and the abbreviated form is consistently used thereafter.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;transmural dispersion of repolarization (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;TDR\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand is usually associated with a prolonged QT interval. TDR serves as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efunctional reentry background to maintain torsade de pointes. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;TDR \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;It \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;provides\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reentry \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;background\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; for reentry\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and increases the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;risk \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;likelihood \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEAD, the trigger for torsade de pointes, by \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;extending\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the extension of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewindow for calcium channels to remain open. Any \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;additional\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;further \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;condition \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;accelerat\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the reactivation of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;calcium channel\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactivation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(e.g., increased sympathetic tone)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; increases the risk of EAD.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Prolonged recovery from excitation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreases the \u
3700026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;probability \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;chance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;dispersion of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;refractoriness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; dispersion\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; when some parts of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some singular nouns refer to one specific thing (the only one of its kind), and therefore, âtheâ is placed before the noun. Here, the has been used to denote specificity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emyocardium are refractory to subsequent depolarization. From a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephysiologic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; viewpoint, dispersion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoccurs with repolarization \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;between\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the three layers of the heart\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and the repolarization phase tends to be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprolonged in the myocardium. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This is the reason\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Therefore,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;why \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;T wave is usually wide and the interval from \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;peak of the T\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;wave to its end (Tp-e) represents \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the transmural dispersion of repolarization (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;TDR\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. In \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;long QT syndrome\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;LQTS\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, TDR increases and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecreates a functional background for transmural reentry.\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;For accurate measurement of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;QT interval, the relationship between QT and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;RâR interval\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshould be repeatable\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This issue is important\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;particularly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;when the heart rate \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;50\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;bpm and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026gt;120 bpm. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Moreover, a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ccurate measurement of the QT interval is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;important in athletes and children who have a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esignificant beat-to-beat variability of the RâR interval. In such cases,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprolonged and numerous recordings may be necessary. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003el\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;L\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ongest QT interval is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egenerally observed in the right precordial leads.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econgenital disorder\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; characterized by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which shows\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a protracted QT interval on\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electrocardiogram\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ECG\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;LQTS \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This condition \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370influences ventricular\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etachyarrhythmia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;develop\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich may lead to syncope, cardiac arrest, or sudden \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;cardiac \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;death. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Additionally\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In LQTS\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, QT prolongation can lead to polymorphic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eventricular tachycardia, which is also referred to as torsade de pointes. This\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econdition itself may \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lead to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cause \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edeath. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Torsade de pointes is widely\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethought to be triggered by calcium channel reactivation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;delayed sodium current reactivation, or a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediminished outward potassium current that results in early afterdepolarization\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(EAD). This leads to enhanced \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"An abbreviation is generally defined at its first use in the text and the abbreviated form is consistently used thereafter.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;transmural dispersion of repolarization (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;TDR\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis usually associated with a prolonged QT interval. TDR serves as a functional\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereentry background to maintain torsade de pointes. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;It\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;TDR\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; provides a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reentry\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;background\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; for reentry\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreases the likelihood of EAD, the trigger for torsade de pointes, by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the extension of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;extending\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe time window for calcium channels to remain open. Any additional condition\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccelerating the reactivation of calcium channels (e.g., increased sympathetic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etone)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; increases the risk of EAD.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Prolonged recovery from excitation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreases the \u
3700026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;probability \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;chance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of dispersion of refractoriness\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; when some parts of \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some singular nouns refer to one specific thing (the only one of its kind), and therefore, âtheâ is placed before the noun. Here, the has been used to denote specificity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;myocardium are refractory to subsequent depolarization. From a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephysiologic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; viewpoint, dispersion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoccurs with repolarization of the three layers of the heart\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and the repolarization phase tends to be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprolonged in the myocardium. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This is the reason why\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Therefore,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;T\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewave is usually wide and the interval from \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;peak\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the T\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;wave\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto its end (Tp-e) represents \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the transmural dispersion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof repolarization (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;TDR\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. In \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;long QT syndrome (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;LQTS\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTDR increases and creates a functional background for transmural reentry.\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"å¿èç
å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"å¿èç
å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:17.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-21T17:26:10.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":356,"titleslug":"cardiology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":49,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Cardiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cardiology_44c265c24b","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":151.54,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cardiology_44c265c24b.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:25:54.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:25:54.000Z"}
370,"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":48,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Cardiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cardiology_0a7cdfe93d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":149.28,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cardiology_0a7cdfe93d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:25:53.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:25:53.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"å¿èç
å¦"},{"id":81,"salevelthree":{"id":361,"name":"Endocrinology (å
åæ³å¦)","saleveltwo":26,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:50:34.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":true,"status":true,"icon":{"id":4864,"name":"Endocrinology_1_939c09f210.svg.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":74,"height":74,"formats":null,"hash":"Endocrinology_1_939c09f210_svg_d64ae4746d","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":3.48,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Endocrinology_1_939c09f210_svg_d64ae4746d.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":4,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":26,"title":"å
åæ³å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãå
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åæ³å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eterm \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;β-thalassemia intermedia (β-\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is a term that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;describes \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patients with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;form of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;milder anemia than \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patients with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;β-thalassemia major.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIneffective erythropoiesis, chronic hemolytic anemia, and iron overload are the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emain factors responsible for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;prognosis \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the disease process \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;β-TI. Chronic \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hemolytic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;anemia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emay \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have such adverse effects as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;result in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;gastrointestinal iron absorption and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eiron overload, which\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;in turn \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecause endocrine abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, hypothyroidism,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand hypogonadism. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The options available for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emanaging patients with β-TI include \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Iron\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;iron \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;chelation therapy,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esplenectomy, transfusion therapy, and modulation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproduction\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; are several available options for managing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients with β-TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Pharmacological agents that increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eγ-globin production\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; [e.g.,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Hydroxyurea\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hydroxyurea \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(HU\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)], \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eevidenced by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HbF\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; levels\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, have been considered \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;therapeutic agents for patients with β-\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thalassemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncreas\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the synthesis of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Once an abbreviation is introduced in the text, the abbreviated form is used consistently at all subsequent mentions.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fetal hemoglobin\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;HbF\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;synthesis \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehelp reduce anemia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, thereby\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;improve \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;improving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the clinical condition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of these patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients with β-TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In several\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients with β-TI and in patients with sickle-cell disease, a rise\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Increases\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in total HbF level\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;during HU treatment\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;been repeatedly reported\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eduring HU treatment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in several patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith β-TI and in those with sickle-cell disease\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. HU treatment\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecan reduce blood transfusion dependency and even make some patients transfusion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efree, increasing their energy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;state \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;level \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and decreasing splenomegaly.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The pronoun âitâ is used at this instance to avoid repeating the term âHU treatmentâ as the previous statement also pertains to HU treatment. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;HU treatment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;It\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprotective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;protects\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;against \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hypothyroidism,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epulmonary hypertension, extramedullary hematopoiesis, leg ulcers, and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eosteoporosis.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;The\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;commonest \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;most common \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;side\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeffects of \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, it is preferable to use consistent terminology so that concepts are clearly understood. The term âHU therapyâ has been revised to âHU treatmentâ for consistency.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHU \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;therapy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einclude neutropenia and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrombocytopenia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;both of which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;these \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;are predictable and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;easily \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;manageable\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;managed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. In the few studies conducted on the side\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeffects of HU \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;β-TI \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith β-TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, dermatological, neurological, and gastrointestinal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadverse effects \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have been \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;seen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;without any reports of endocrine\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabnormality, bone marrow suppression, or hematological toxicity. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In the present study,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;We\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;aimed to perform \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;medium\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; to long-term follow-up of chronic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Compound adjectives that modify a single noun are typically hyphenated, except when the first word of the adjective is an adverb ending with â-ly.â Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;low\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;dose HU\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was inspected to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;analyze \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;analyzing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;effect\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of HU treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on the thyroid function\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof patients with β-TI.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;β-thalassemia intermedia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(β-TI) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is a term that describes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patients with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; milder \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;form of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;anemia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethan \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patients with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;β-thalassemia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emajor. Ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic hemolytic anemia, and iron overload\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare the main factors responsible for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;disease\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;process \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;prognosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;patients with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;β-TI. Chronic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eanemia may have \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;such \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;adverse effects\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincrease\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;gastrointestinal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eiron absorption and iron overload, which \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in turn can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; cause endocrine abnormalities,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism. Iron\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echelation therapy, splenectomy, transfusion therapy, and modulation of fetal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehemoglobin (HbF) production are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;several available\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; options \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;available\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for managing patients with β-TI. Pharmacological agents that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincrease γ-globin production\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Hydroxyurea \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hydroxyurea\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(HU), as evidenced by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HbF\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; levels\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, have been considered as therapeutic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eagents for patients with β-\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thalassemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Increasing the synthesis of \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Once an abbreviation is introduced in the text, the abbreviated form is used consistently at all subsequent mentions.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fetal hemoglobin\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;HbF\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecan help reduce anemia and\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; thereby\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; improve the clinical condition of patients with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eβ-TI. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In several patients with β-TI and in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients with sickle-cell disease, a rise\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Increases\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein total HbF level\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;been\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erepeatedly reported during HU treatment\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in several\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients with β-TI and in patients with sickle-cell disease\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. HU\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etreatment can reduce blood transfusion dependency and even make some patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransfusion free, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increasing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which in turn increases \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;their energy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;state \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;level \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;decreasing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;decreases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;splenomegaly. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;HU treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;It also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is protective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;protects\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;against \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hypothyroidism, pulmonary hypertension,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eextramedullary hematopoiesis, leg ulcers, and osteoporosis.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;commonest \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;most common \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;side effects of \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, it is preferable to use consistent terminology so that concepts are clearly understood. The term âHU therapyâ has been revised to âHU treatmentâ for consistency.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHU \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;therapy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;include\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eneutropenia and thrombocytopenia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;both of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;these \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;are predictable and easily manageable. In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe few studies conducted on the side effects of HU\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etreatment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;β-TI \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; with β-TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, dermatological, neurological,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand gastrointestinal adverse effects were \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;seen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;without any reports of endocrine\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabnormality, bone marrow suppression, or hematological toxicity. In the present\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estudy, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;we aimed to perform \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;medium\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; to long-term follow-up of chronic \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Compound adjectives that modify a single noun are typically hyphenated, except when the first word of the adjective is an adverb ending with â-ly.â Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;low\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;dose HU\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was inspected \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in order\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to analyze \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;effect \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of HU\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etreatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on the thyroid function of patients with β-TI.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"å
åæ³å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"å
åæ³å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:18.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-21T17:26:49.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":361,"titleslug":"endocrinology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":51,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Endocrinology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Endocrinology_c64f71794e","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":163.15,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Endocrinology_c64f71794e.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:26:34.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:26:34.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":50,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Endocrinology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Endocrinology_8730c3617a","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":161.63,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Endocrinology_8730c3617a.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:26:34.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:26:34.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"å
åæ³å¦"},{"id":88,"salevelthree":{"id":362,"name":"Epidemiology (ç«å¦)","saleveltwo":26,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:51:54.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":true,"status":true,"icon":{"id":4865,"name":"epidemiology_afdb577116.svg.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":74,"height":74,"formats":null,"hash":"epidemiology_afdb577116_svg_ada186c12f","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":4.6,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/epidemiology_afdb577116_svg_ada186c12f.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":5,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":26,"title":"ç«å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãç«å¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããç«å¦ããã³ãæ´¾çããç°å¢ç«å¦ãè·æ¥ç«å¦ãç¾ç
ç£è¦ãªã©ãååéã®ä¿®å£«å·ãå士å·ãæã¤æ ¡æ£è
ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããç«å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The sentence has been modified for providing some additional information about ASF as it is the core topic on which the study is based.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;African\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eswine fever (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ASF\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is a hemorrhagic viral disease that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;been introduced \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;spread\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;into \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;European Union \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(EU)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMS\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Member States\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;via \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;distinct\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003espread \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;processes.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; The first process\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvolves \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;continuous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Repetition of words or phrases that convey the same meaning hampers the readability of a sentence. Here, âwild boar-mediatedâ and âthrough wild boar populationsâ convey the same meaning, and therefore, the former has been deleted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mediated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003espread through wild boar populations and meta\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Hyphens are less commonly used in American English to connect prefixes to the main word, unless their use is absolutely essential to avoid ambiguity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epopulations, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the speed of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epropagation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;notably \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;considerably \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;slower than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;some \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;other\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einfectious \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wild boar \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;diseases\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370 in wild boar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esecond process \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;human\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mediated translocations leading\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the establishment of new ASF clusters distant from areas of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprevious \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ASF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;occurrence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; via human-mediated translocations\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; In affected areas within the established ASF range,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;here\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehas been continued sporadic detection of cases \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaffected areas within the established ASF range \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;despite very low \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;densities\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewild boars\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ocal introduction \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF into wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in the Czech Republic was the only \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;occasion \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;incidence of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrolled spread of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ASF\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; spread in wild boar was apparently controlled\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Elsewhere, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ASF continue\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to expand into new areas\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in other regions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. In most \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;affected \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;countries, the\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;re\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; number of outbreaks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;been \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;many cases \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;high \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and relatively \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;few \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;low \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;outbreaks \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in domestic pigs. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;n Romania, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;however, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eopposite has been observed. Th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;observ\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pattern \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRomania should be interpreted with caution until \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epotential for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;under\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;detection of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF in wild boar populations can be excluded\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epossibility\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. This will require systematic surveillance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;activities in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wild\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eboar populations. Under\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;detection of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF in wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; could \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;occur \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;even \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eother regions, and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;should be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;avoided\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrough intense passive surveillance of wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;emporal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatterns in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;proportions of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;positive-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;tested samples \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that are positive are consistent with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reflect \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the different epidemiological \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;situations \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;status \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;countries. For example, in Lithuania,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there is both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;spatial expansion of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;affected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003earea and an increase in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the proportion of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;polymerase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echain reaction (PCR)\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;positive \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;animals \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found dead\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enoted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;By \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;contrast, in Estonia, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there is a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reduction \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;decrease \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe proportion of PCR\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;positive \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;results in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe last reporting period \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; found dead\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the last reporting period has been noted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;given that ASF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;given\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat infection \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has been present throughout the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;whole \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;country for several years.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;ASF has been introduced into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEuropean Union\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Abbreviations can be deleted and only the spelled out form can be retained if the abbreviation is not used elsewhere in the text.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(EU) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;MS\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;via \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;two distinct \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;spread\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;processes: continuous \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Repetition of words or phrases that convey the same meaning hampers the readability of a sentence. Here, âwild boar-mediatedâ and âthrough wild boar populationsâ convey the same meaning, and therefore, the former has been deleted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mediated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;spread through wild boar populations\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; and meta\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Hyphens are less commonly used in American English to connect prefixes to the main word, unless their use is absolutely essential to avoid ambiguity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;populations\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(via \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;which the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;speed of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;propagation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis notably slower than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; some other infectious diseases in wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehuman\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;mediated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etranslocations \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lead\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to the establishment of new ASF clusters\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edistant from areas of previous \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ASF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;occurrence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. In affected areas within the established ASF\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erange, there has been continued sporadic detection of cases despite very low \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;densities of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; densities\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ocal introduction \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF into wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in the Czech Republic was the only occasion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF spread in wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; was \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;apparently \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;controlled. Elsewhere, ASF continues to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpand into new areas. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ost affected countries\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;been \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;many \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and relatively few\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoutbreaks in domestic pigs. In Romania, however, the opposite has been\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eobserved. Th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;observ\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pattern \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRomania should be interpreted with caution until \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epotential for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;under\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;detection of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF in wild boar populations can be excluded\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epossibility\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. This will require systematic surveillance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;activities in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wild\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eboar populations. Under\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;detection of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF in wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; could also occur in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eother regions\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and should be avoided\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrough intense passive surveillance of wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;emporal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatterns in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;proportions of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tested \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;samples that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;tested \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;positive are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsistent with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;different\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eepidemiological situations in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;countries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example, in Lithuania, there is both spatial expansion of the ASF\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;affected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003earea and an increase in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the proportion of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;polymerase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echain reaction (PCR)\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;positive \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;animals \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found dead. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;By\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;contrast, in Estonia,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;there is a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reduction \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;decrease \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe proportion of PCR\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;positive \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;results in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe last reporting period \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; found dead\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the last reporting period\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;given that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;given that infection \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeen present throughout the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;whole \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;country\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor several years.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ç«å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"ç«å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:19.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-21T17:27:12.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":362,"titleslug":"epidemiology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":53,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Epidemiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Epidemiology_0c0d27d6dc","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":267.04,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Epidemiology_0c0d27d6dc.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:30:44.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:30:44.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":52,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Epidemiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Epidemiology_d55f97c52d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":255.88,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Epidemiology_d55f97c52d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:30:44.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:30:44.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ç«å¦"},{"id":89,"salevelthree":{"id":364,"name":"Gastroenterology (èè
¸ç
å¦)","saleveltwo":26,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:52:18.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":true,"status":true,"icon":{"id":4866,"name":"Gastroenterology_805ca45563.svg.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":74,"height":74,"formats":null,"hash":"Gastroenterology_805ca45563_svg_d4be2d1e6f","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":2.74,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Gastroenterology_805ca45563_svg_d4be2d1e6f.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":6,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":26,"title":"èè
¸ç
å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãèè
¸ç
å¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããèè
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å¦ãªã©ãé¢é£åéã®ä¿®å£«å·ãå士å·ãæã¤æ ¡æ£è
ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããèè
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å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Acute pancreatitis induced by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hypecalcemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hypercalcemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edue to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;very\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erare\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; condition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, and its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;prevalence \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is estimated to be between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;estimated to be between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;1.5%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;7%. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Previous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;tudies\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conducted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; India report \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;incidence \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of PHPT\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to be between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;6.8% and 12%. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients with PHPT and resulting hypercalcemia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;experience \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pancreatitis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;10\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;20\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-fold\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;times \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;often \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;often than\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;than\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the general population. \u0026lt;span style=\"background: #ffd5d5\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The metabolic causes of acute pancreatitis include diabetic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eketoacidosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercalcemia with or without\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehyperparathyroidism. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Normally, h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ypocalcemia \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpected \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;generally occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;during\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ean attack of acute pancreatitis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Terms such as thus, therefore, furthermore, and however are used as transition words to help in a better flow of ideas. Here, thus helps connect the two sentences and helps a reader understand that the former sentence helps understand why hypercalcemia is a strong predictor for PHPT.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; thus, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text has been re-arranged so that the reasons why elevated serum calcium levels can indicate the presence of hyperparathyroidism or malignancy can be more clearly understood.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"background: #ffd5d5\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hypercalcemia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis a strong \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;clue \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;predictor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;suspecting\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;PHPT. Hence, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;findings of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;elevated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eserum calcium \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;associated with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epancreatitis should \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;alert the physician to either \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be indicative of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hyperparathyroidism or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emalignancy. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The metabolic causes of acute\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epancreatitis include diabetic ketoacidosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehypercalcemia with or without hyperparathyroidism. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estyle='color:blue'\u0026gt;The most common etiologies of pancreatitis are g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;G\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;allstones and alcoholism\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; are the commonest etiological\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eagents of pancreatitis.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; Serum calcium \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;level\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is not routinely measured in all patients diagnosed with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;first\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eattack of acute pancreatitis as it is not \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;common \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;etiology\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Some patients suffer from \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emore \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Ensuring accurate singular or plural form usage is essential for grammatical accuracy. Here, as more than one attack is being referred to, the plural form (attacks) is used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;attack \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;attacks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof pancreatitis before \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;being diagnosed with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; PHPT. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Here \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;W\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;w\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edescribe \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the case of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a 30-year-old\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patient \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;who presented to a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egastroenterology unit with severe upper abdominal pain, vomiting, and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a 3-day\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fever\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of 3 daysâ duration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. She had \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;experienced \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Removing redundancy aids in better readability and comprehension. Here, âa similar episode of symptomsâ has been revised to âsim
370ilar symptomsâ to present the same idea in a more concise manner.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;similar episode of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;similar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; symptoms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 months previously, for which she was admitted to a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;civil\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hospital\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and diagnosed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, where she was diagnosed as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;case of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;acute\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epancreatitis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. There, she was\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and was\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; managed conservatively and discharged\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eafter 7 days. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;She had no\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;No\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;additional risk factors\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecausing acute pancreatitis such as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;history\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; alcohol consumption\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; hyperlipidemia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egallstones were present.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehad \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;undergone \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cholecystectomy 1.5 years earlier for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;gall\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stone\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter proper evaluation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;she was diagnosed with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;diagnosis of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;post-cholecystectomy acute pancreatitis\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; was made, a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nd\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the patient \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;was managed conservatively. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However, she was readmitted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;W\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;w\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ithin the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enext 5 months\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, she was again admitted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;after\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexperiencing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;dyspeptic symptoms and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabdominal pain \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;pain in abdomen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 20\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edays\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â duration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. On \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;physical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;examination, the abdomen was \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;found to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;soft with diffuse tenderness, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;especially \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;particularly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in the right hypochondrium.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Acute pancreatitis induced by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hypecalcemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hypercalcemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edue to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a very rare condition, and its\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprevalence is estimated to be between 1.5% and 7%. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Previous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;tudies\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conducted in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;India report \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;incidence \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of PHPT\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;between 6.8% and 12%. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith PHPT and resulting hypercalcemia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;experience \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pancreatitis\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;10\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;20 times more often \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;than\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;than\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egeneral population.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; Normally,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ypocalcemia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;generally \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;expected \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to occur \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;during an attack of acute pancreatitis\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Terms such as thus, therefore, furthermore, and however are used as transition words to help in a better flow of ideas. Here, thus helps connect the two sentences and helps a reader understand that the former sentence helps understand why hypercalcemia is a strong predictor for PHPT.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; thus, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hypercalcemia is a strong \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;clue \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;predictor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;suspecting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;PHPT. Hence, elevated serum\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecalcium \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;associated with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epancreatitis should alert the physician \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to either \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to suspect \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hyperparathyroidism or malignancy. The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emetabolic causes of acute pancreatitis include diabetic ketoacidosis,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehypertriglyceridemia, and hypercalcemia with or without hyperparathyroidism. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The most common etiologies of pancreatitis are g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;G\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;allstones and alcoholism\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; are the commonest etiological agents of pancreatitis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSerum calcium\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; level\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; is not routinely\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emeasured in all patients diagnosed with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;first attack of acute pancreatitis as it is not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;common\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;etiology\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome patients suffer from \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; or more \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Ensuring accurate singular or plural form usage is essential for grammatical accuracy. Here, as more than one attack is being referred to, the plural form (attacks) is used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;attack \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;attacks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;of pancreatitis before \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the diagnosis of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediagnosed with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;PHPT. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Here \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;W\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;w\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edescribe \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the case of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a 30-year-old\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patient \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;who presented to a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egastroenterology unit with severe upper abdominal pain, vomiting, and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a 3-day\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fever\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of 3 daysâ duration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. She\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Removing redundancy aids in better readability and comprehension. Here, âa similar episode of symptomsâ has been revised to âsim
370ilar symptomsâ to present the same idea in a more concise manner.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; had \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a similar episode of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;similar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esymptoms 2 months previously, for which she was admitted to a civil hospital\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and diagnosed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, where\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshe was diagnosed as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;case of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;acute pancreatitis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. There, she was\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; managed conservatively and discharged after 7 days. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;She had no\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;No\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;additional risk factors causing acute pancreatitis\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esuch as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;alcohol\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsumption\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eor\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; hyperlipidemia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; however, she had\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehistory of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;gallstones\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were present.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich she\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;She\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; had \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;undergone\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cholecystectomy 1.5 years earlier\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estone\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Therefore, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fter\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproper evaluation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;she was diagnosed with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;diagnosis of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;post-cholecystectomy acute pancreatitis\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; was made, a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nd\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the patient \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;was managed conservatively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWithin the next 5 months, she was \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;again \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;re\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;admitted \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;after experiencing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;dyspeptic symptoms and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; abdominal pain \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;pain in abdomen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 20\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edays\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â duration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. On \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;physical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;examination, the abdomen was \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;found to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;soft with diffuse tenderness,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eespecially in the right hypochondrium.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"èè
¸ç
å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"èè
¸ç
å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:20.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-21T17:27:35.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":364,"titleslug":"gastroenterology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":55,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Gastroenterology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Gastroenterology_d67c91e23d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":174.08,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Gastroenterology_d67c91e23d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:35:04.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:35:04.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":54,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Gastroenterology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Gastroenterology_7ac09da5a2","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":172.33,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Gastroenterology_7ac09da5a2.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:35:04.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:35:04.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"èè
¸ç
å¦"},{"id":90,"salevelthree":{"id":365,"name":"General Medicine (ä¸è¬å»ç)","saleveltwo":26,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:53:00.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":true,"status":true,"icon":{"id":4867,"name":"General_Medicine_914bd79316.svg.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":74,"height":74,"formats":null,"hash":"General_Medicine_914bd79316_svg_d37d6fb3cf","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":1.78,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/General_Medicine_914bd79316_svg_d37d6fb3cf.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":8,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":26,"title":"ç·åå
ç§åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ç·åå
ç§ã¯å¤ç§æè¡ä»¥å¤ã«ããå
èç¾æ£ã®è¨ºæã¨æ²»çãè¡ãå»çåéã§ãããã¨ãã´ã¯ãã®é åã«ããã¦ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ãã¦ããçµé¨ãæãã¦ãã¾ããç©ççæ³ãè¬çå¦ãªã©ãå«ããç·åå
ç§ã«é¢é£ããå°éç¥èãæã¤æ ¡æ£è
ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ãããç·åå
ç§ã«é¢ããè«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"verd\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;incidence of choledochal cysts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreased due to increase in pickup rate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe attributed to better detection \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by means of advanced technology. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ncidence\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of these cysts \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in Asia is somewhat higher than\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Comparing items without using a parallel structure may create confusion. Here, the sentence is revised for clear and accurate comparison as âthe incidenceâ in two geographical regions is being compared.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewestern countries. The reason for this geographical difference \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is still\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;remains \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;unclear. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;There is also an unexplained female preponderance with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370These cysts are more common in female patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"normal\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;female\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-to-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;male ratio \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commonly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereported as 4:1\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. However, the reason for this is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunknown\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; With regard to etiology,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emost widely accepted hypothesis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;regarding etiology is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involves \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an anomalous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003earrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal junction. The triad of jaundice,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eright upper quadrant pain\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, a comma (called as a serial comma) is generally added before âandâ in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea palpable subcostal mass is diagnostic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebut \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is not \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;seen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;present \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in all\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"verd\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Choledochal cysts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can be associated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eappear in patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; with biliary atresia, congenital hepatic fibrosis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;renal \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cystic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisease\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of the kidney\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; especially renal tubular ectasia, sometimes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;combin\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; with cortical and medullary cysts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text alongside has been re-arranged such that the sentence is divided into two parts. This has avoided an excessively lengthy sentence and has helped in a better flow of ideas so that all the potential complications related to choledochal cysts can be understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Reported complications of c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;holedochal cysts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;include\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have been reported to cause\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecomplications such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;secondary calculus formation, pancreatitis,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebiliary cirrhosis, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cyst rupture with bile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperitonitis, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;cholangitis, intrahepatic abscess, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;portal vein thrombosis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. Moreover, such cysts may rupture, causing bile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperitonitis,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they have the potential\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370malignant transformation into cholangiocarcinoma.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Ultrasonography is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;preferred \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;method for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;initial evaluation. It \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reveals \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;depicts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echoledochal cyst as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an anechoic cystic structure separate from the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egall\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;bladder that communicates with the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehepatic ducts. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ifferential diagnos\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;based \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;on ultra\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sound \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;findings, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;include\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; other fluid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;filled structures in this region\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; namely pancreatic pseudocyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, large right renal cyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, enteric duplication cyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and hepatic artery aneurysm\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can also complement the diagnosis by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;show\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; late\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccumulation of radioisotope in \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some singular nouns refer to one specific thing (the only one of its kind) and therefore, 'the' is placed before the noun. Here, âtheâ is therefore added to denote specificity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecystic structure\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which further supports the diagnosis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"verd\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;The incidence of choledochal cysts has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreased due to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increase in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;detection rate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emeans of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;because of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;advance\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ments in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etechnology. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ncidence in Asia is somewhat higher than \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Comparing items without using a parallel structure may create confusion. Here, the sentence is revised for clear and accurate comparison as âthe incidenceâ in two geographical regions is being compared.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; western countries. The reason for this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egeographical difference \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is still\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;remains\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; unclear. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Further,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;There is also an unexplained \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;these cysts are more common in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;female\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;preponderance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;female:\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;male\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eratio \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;being \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commonly reported as 4:1.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe most widely accepted hypothesis regarding \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;etiology\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis an anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal junction. The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etriad of jaundice, right upper quadrant pain\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, a comma (called as a serial comma) is generally added before âandâ in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; a palpable subcostal mass is diagnostic but is not \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;seen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;present \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eall cases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"verd\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Choledochal cysts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can be associated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eappear in patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; with biliary atresia, congenital hepatic fibrosis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and cystic disease of the kidney\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; especially renal tubular ectasia, sometimes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;combin\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; with cortical and medullary cysts. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Reported complications of c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;holedochal cysts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;include\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have been reported to cause complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esuch as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;secondary calculus formation, pancreatitis, biliary\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecirrhosis, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cyst \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;rupture with bile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperitonitis, cholangitis, intrahepatic abscess, portal vein thrombosis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and malignant transformation into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echolangiocarcinoma.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Ultrasonography is preferred for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einitial evaluation. It reveals an anechoic cystic structure separate from the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egall\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370bladder that communicates with the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehepatic ducts. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ifferential diagnos\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;based \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;on ultra\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sound \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;findings, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;include\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; other fluid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;filled structures in this region\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; namely pancreatic pseudocyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, large right renal cyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, enteric duplication cyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and hepatic artery aneurysm\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy can also \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;complement \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;support \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediagnosis by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;showing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370revealing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;late accumulation of radioisotope\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some singular nouns refer to one specific thing (the only one of its kind) and therefore, 'the' is placed before the noun. Here, âtheâ is therefore added to denote specificity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;cystic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estructure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ç·åå
ç§åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"ç·åå
ç§åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:22.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-21T17:28:24.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":365,"titleslug":"general-medicine","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":59,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_GeneralMedicine.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_General_Medicine_cbec1ed5ea","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":264.86,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_General_Medicine_cbec1ed5ea.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:52:21.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:52:21.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":58,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_GeneralMedicine.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_General_Medicine_dc8451c0cb","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":152.03,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_General_Medicine_dc8451c0cb.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:52:20.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:52:20.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ä¸è¬å»ç"},{"id":91,"salevelthree":{"id":143,"name":"Immunology (å
ç«å¦)","saleveltwo":12,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:53:20.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":true,"status":true,"icon":{"id":4869,"name":"Immunology_ce619998d4.svg.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":74,"height":74,"formats":null,"hash":"Immunology_ce619998d4_svg_8090341bdc","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":4.89,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Immunology_ce619998d4_svg_8090341bdc.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":11,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":1382,"title":"å
ç«å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãå
ç«å¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããå
ç«å¦ããã³å
ç«ç³»ã®çççæ©è½ãæåå¦çã»æåæç¤ºãé©å¿å
ç«ãªã©ã«é¢ããå°éç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ãæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããå
ç«å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;ABSTRACT\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Objective\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Although perioperative\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Perioperative\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;immune\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;
370-enhancing enteral formula (IEEF) \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;effectively reduces the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;is effective to decrease\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; rate of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;infectious\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;complications\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; that are infective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;but \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;whether \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;chronic use \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of IEEF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A singular subject must be accompanied by a singular verb. Here, the subject is âchronic use.â Therefore, the verb has been revised to âis.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeneficial \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;remains unknown\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eknown to us\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A prospective \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Prospective \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;randomized clinical trial was\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;performed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;undertaken. This was done in order\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to ex\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;amin\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; safety and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;effectiveness\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;impact \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;long-term IEEF on the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nutritional\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nutrition\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econdition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and immunological status of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; nonsurgical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in non surgery \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;receiving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;under \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;total\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;nutritio\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrough \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;gastrostomy access route.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; A total of 30 patients was randomly asigned to two\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;groups. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Methods:\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text alongside has been moved from Objectives to Methods as it pertains to the study participants and groups. Such information is generally provided in the Methods section.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370This study involved 30 patients who were randomly divided\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einto two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; groups\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;receiving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;recieved \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;total enteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;nutritio\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeither\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Abbreviations are defined at their first mention in the text and the abbreviated form is used consistently at all subsequent instances.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;IEEF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;immune-enhancing enteral formula \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Group IEEF,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;15) or \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;regular\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;polymer\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;ic enteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;formula\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Group C,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color: blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Spaces are generally inserted before and after arithmetic symbols.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; 15\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;14\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;) for 12 weeks. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Nutritional\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Nutrition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and immunological parameters were \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;periodically \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;examined\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; periodically\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Results\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The serum levels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esignificant increase of serum levels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;insulin-like\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; growth factor \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;1 (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;similar to insulin, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;IGF-\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;1)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; significantly increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, was noted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in Group IEEF throughout the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;course of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;study. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Furthermore,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;While\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; serum \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;level \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edihomo-\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-hansi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSymbol\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;-linoleic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eacid \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in Group IEEF was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edecreased\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, serum levels\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;eicosapentaenoic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;eicosa-pentaenoic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;acid \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;docosahexaenoic acids\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;dochsa-hexaenoic acid\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esignificantly increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as well as those\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Serum\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; arginine and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eornithine\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; concentrations in Group IEEF were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esignificantly increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreased in Group IEEF\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;No significant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edifference was noted in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370 CD4/CD8 ratio and NK \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;activity\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; between\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe two groups\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were observed in Group\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIEEF, but the difference was not significant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A significant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincrease of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; B-cell fraction \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreased, while \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the decrease of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;T-cell\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efraction of peripheral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;lymph\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;ocyte\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;significantly decreased \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in Group IEEF. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;No\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;There was no\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einfectious \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, hyphens are used only when their absence can create misunderstanding. Use a hyphen to avoid doubling or tripling of consonants or vowels; for example, re-entry, de-energize.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;noninfectious\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;non-infectious\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompli\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;cation\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoccurred during the study period in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;either group\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;both groups\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, except for a significant increase in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;serum \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels of blood\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eurea nitrogen\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;BUN\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Times\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003euric acid\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; concentration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Conclusion\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The long\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Long\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;-term\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003euse of IEEF is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;safe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;safely performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nonsurgical\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;non-surgery\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; patients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand results in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which enables to cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea significant increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; serum \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;IGF-\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;concentration \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;associated with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increase in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehumoral immunity.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;ABSTRACT\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Objective\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt; Perioperative \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;immune\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;
370-enhancing enteral formula (IEEF) is effective\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;decrease \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reduce\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rate of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;infectious \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;complications\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; that are infective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, but whether the chronic use\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof IEEF \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeneficial is not known\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to us\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A p\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;P\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;rospective\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erandomized clinical trial was \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;undertaken. This was done in order\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to ex\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;amin\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esafety and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;effectiveness \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;impact \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;long-term\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIEEF on the nutrition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; condition and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimmunological status of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;non\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;receiving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;under \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;total enteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;nutritio\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt; through\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some singular nouns refer to one specific thing (the only one of its kind) and therefore, âtheâ is placed before the noun. Here, âtheâ is used because a specific route is being referred to.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egastrostomy access route. A total of 30\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;randomly a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;signed to two \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;groups\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in the present study\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Methods:\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;wo\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egroups \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;recieved\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;received\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; total enteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;nutritio\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt; either with \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Abbreviations are defined at their first mention in the text and the abbreviated form is used consistently at all subsequent instances.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;IEEF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;immune-enhancing enteral formula \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;(Group IEEF,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;15) or \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;regular \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;polymer\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;ic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;formula\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt; (Group C,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Spaces are generally inserted before and after arithmetic symbols.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; 15\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;14\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;) for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 weeks. Nutrition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and immunological\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparameters were periodically examined.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Results\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt; A significant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincrease \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;serum levels of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;insulin-like\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; growth factor \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;1 (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;similar to insulin, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;IGF-\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;1)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enoted in Group IEEF throughout the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;course of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Furthermore, the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;While\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; serum level\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof dihomo-\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-hansi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSymbol\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;-linoleic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eacid \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in Group IEEF was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edecreased\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, serum levels\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;eicosapentaenoic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;eicosa-pentaenoic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;acid \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;docosahexaenoic acids\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;dochsa-hexaenoic acid\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;significantly increased\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in Group IEEF\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Serum \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eserum levels of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;arginine and ornithine \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;concentrations\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also increased significantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup IEEF\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were significantly increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;No significant difference was noted in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCD4/CD8 ratio and NK \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;activity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in Group IEEF\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, but the difference was not significant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. A\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esignificant increase \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;B-cell fraction and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;decrease \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;T-cell fraction of peripheral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;lymph\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;ocyte\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewere observed in Group IEEF. There was no infectious \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;noninfectious\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;non-infectious\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompli\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;cation\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;occurred \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;during the study period in both\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egroups, except for a significant increase in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;serum\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;BUN\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and uric acid\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; concentration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003
370enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Conclusion\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The long\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Long\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;-term\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003euse of IEEF is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;safe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;safely performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in non\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and results in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which enables to cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a significant increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eserum \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;IGF-\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;concentration \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;associated with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increase in humoral immunity.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"å
ç«å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"å
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¨ä½ã®ããã15%ãå ãã¦ãã¾ããè±å¯ãªå®ç¸¾ã¨é«ãå質ã§ãçç©å¦ç³»ã®ç ç©¶æ©é¢ããã¤ãªé¢é£æ¥çã®çãã¾ããåãä¿¡é ¼ãããã ãã¦ããã¾ãã\u003c/p\u003e","card_title":"ã¨ãã´ã®\u003cbr\u003eçç©å¦åéã®å¼·ã¿","card_description":null,"sa_title":"ã©ã¤ããµã¤ã¨ã³ã¹åéã®\u003cbr\u003eè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","card":[{"id":126,"title":"çå½ç§å¦é¢é£ææ¸ã®ç¨®é¡","de
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ç«å¦ãç´°èåå¦ãªã©ã®é¢é£åéã®ä¿®å£«å·ãå士å·ãæã¤æ ¡æ£è
ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããç´°èçç©å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;Innervation by the s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"background:white\"\u0026gt;ensory nervous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;innervation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;plays a key role in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimportant for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; skeletal development and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;orchestration of bone remodeling and regeneration. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it is unclear \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;how and in which bone cells \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sensory \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nerves\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nerves \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;act \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;control\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;regulating\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; these processes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; remains unclear\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Here\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In this study\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, we \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;present\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;show \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a microfluidic coculture system \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;comprising \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;dorsal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eroot ganglion (DRG) neurons and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;that more faithfully \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;represents the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein vivo \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;situation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;scenario \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of bone sensory innervation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; more appropriately\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. We report that DRG neurons\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epromote the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mediating the increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increasing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;alkaline phosphatase activity and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;upregulati\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ng\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; osteoblast-specific \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;genes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;gene expression\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Furthermore, we show that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Further, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;DRG neurons \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;positive\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; impact \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cx43 levels in MSCs during osteoblastogenesis, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;especially \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;particularly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eat \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;at \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;an early stage of this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprocess. Conversely, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;we described a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;DRG neurons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; negative\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimpact \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of DRG neurons on MSCs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;N-cadherin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpression \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in MSCs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;at a later stage\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of the process\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Finally,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Here, the sentence has been revised to clearly indicate that accumulation and translocation of β-catenin are being referred to.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;we demonstrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cytoplasmic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccumulation \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and nuclear\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;translocation of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;β-catenin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;translocation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;into the nucleus, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;subsequent\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;L\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ymphoid\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nhancer\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; B\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;b\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;inding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;actor 1\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;responsive transcriptional activation of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edownstream genes in cocultured MSCs. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Together, o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;O\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ur study provides\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text alongside has been revised to convey the intended meaning in a more concise manner.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;strong\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a robust body of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eevidence that \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the osteoblast differentiation potential of MSCs is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenhanced \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the direct interaction of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;when\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; DRG neurons \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;directly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einteract \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;with MSCs in a bone-like microenvironment\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; leads to an enhancement of osteoblast differentiation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epotential of MSCs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. The osteogenic effect of DRG neurons on MSCs is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emediated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; regulation of Cx43 and N-cadherin expression\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand activation of the canonical/β-catenin Wnt signaling pathway.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"background:white\"\u0026gt;Innervation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esensory nervous system \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;plays a key role in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is important for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; skeletal development and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;orchestration of bone remodeling and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eregeneration. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it is unclear \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;how\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand in which bone cells \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sensory \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nerves\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nerves \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;act\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto control these processes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; remains unclear\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHere\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; we \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;present\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;show \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a microfluidic coculture system\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecomprising dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;that more faithfully \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;represents the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein vivo scenario of bone sensory innervation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; more\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eappropriately\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. We report that DRG neurons promote the osteogenic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edifferentiation capacity of MSCs\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emediating \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increase \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;alkaline phosphatase activity and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;upregulati\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ng\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; osteoblast-specific genes. Furthermore, we\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshow that DRG neurons \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;positive\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; impact \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cx43\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elevels in MSCs during osteoblastogenesis, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;especially\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;particularly at \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;at \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;an early stage of this process. Conversely, we\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edescribe\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a negative impact of DRG\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eneurons on \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;MSCs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;N-cadherin expression \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in MSCs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;at a later stage\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of the process\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Finally,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Here, the sentence has been revised to clearly indicate that accumulation and translocation of β-catenin are being referred to.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewe demonstrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cytoplasmic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccumulation\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of β-catenin \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;translocation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of β-catenin \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einto the nucleus\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;subsequent\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"background-color: #ffd5d5\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;L\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ymphoid\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nhancer\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; B\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;b\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;inding\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text alongside has been revised to lowercase as this is not a proper noun.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;actor 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;responsive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etranscriptional activation of downstream genes in cocultured MSCs. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Together, o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;O\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ur\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estudy provides \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;strong \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a robust body of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;evidence that the direct\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einteraction of DRG neurons with MSCs in a bone-like microenvironment \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;leads to an enhancement of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enhances\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;osteoblast\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edifferentiation potential of MSCs. The osteogenic effect of DRG neurons on MSCs\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis mediated through the regulation of Cx43 and N-cadherin expression and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivation of the canonical/β-catenin Wnt signaling pathway.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ç´°èçç©å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"ç´°èçç©å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:42.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:04:43.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":123,"titleslug":"cell-biology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":162,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_CellBiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cell_Biology_7ec2c860ce","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":147.39,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cell_Biology_7ec2c860ce.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:39.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:39.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":154,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_CellBiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cell_Biology_d6e88aee56","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":143.77,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cell_Biology_d6e88aee56.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:36.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:36.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ç´°èçç©å¦"},{"id":83,"salevelthree":{"id":199,"name":"Computational Neuroscience (è¨ç®ç¥çµç§å¦)","saleveltwo":16,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:06:25.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":1868,"name":"neuroscience_759e4daabf_84c78b81d5.webp","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":48,"height":48,"formats":null,"hash":"neuroscience_759e4daabf_84c78b81d5_1d4ad14248","ext":".webp","mime":"image/webp","size":1.04,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/neuroscience_759e4daabf_84c78b81d5_1d4ad14248.webp","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2023-04-19T16:06:22.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:06:22.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":35,"salevelone":2,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"ç¥çµç§å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãç¥çµç§å¦ããã³ç¥çµçç©å¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããççå¦ãè§£åå¦ãååçç©å¦ãçºççç©å¦ãç´°èå¦ãæ°å¦ã¢ããªã³ã°ãå¿çå¦ãªã©ãã¾ãã¾ãªé åã¨ã®é¢é£ãè¸ã¾ããç¥çµåå¦ãèªç¥ç§å¦ãå¿çå¦ãªã©ãå種ã®å°éç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ãæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããç¥çµç§å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;Motor unit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;relation with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lectromyogram\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Abbreviations are not usually included in the title.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Motor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A single \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;motor neuron\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;motoneuron\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We have changed âitâsâ to âitsâ because this is a case of a possessive pronoun. The use of âitâsâ is incorrect because âitâsâ a contraction of âit isâ or âit has.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;itâs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;axon\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;axons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;innervate\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;supply\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot only just a muscle fiber, but also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; several muscle fibers\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; these fibers constitute \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. The muscl \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;otor \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;u\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;U\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;nit. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The number\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A variety\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;numbers of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;muscle fibers \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in a motor unit varies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epresent \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;It in c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The motor unit of c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;at leg muscles \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;approximately\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e120\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Â, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370165\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efibers\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; are present in one motor unit\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Electromyography:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;EMG\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;otor unit\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;recorded\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;measured\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;inserting\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;placing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a coaxial electrode in\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to the muscle \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einterest\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that is tobe studied\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Sentences have been joined together at this instance to present the intended information in a more concise manner.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eelectrode is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;they are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; connected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electromyograph\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;electromyography (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; recording \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of muscular activity, known as an electromyogram, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eobtained\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; during muscular activity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This recording is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecalled an electromyogram (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hypodermic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hollow\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; needle can be \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;made\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;converted into\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a coaxial electrode \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;introducing an \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;insulated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;insolated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;inner\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewire \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Possible c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hanges \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecorded \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;small\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evolume of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;muscles \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are recorded \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;immediate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;vicinity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;neighbuorhood\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;needle \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;tip\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of the needle\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Thus, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis has been observed that most \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehighest \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;electrical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactive fibers near the electrodes. Sometimes, surface electrodes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; used\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stead of deep muscle coaxial \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electrodes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;electrode\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;recording \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;method, two surface\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eelectrodes are placed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;at a reasonable distance on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe skin overlying\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;over\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;muscle \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to be studied\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; muscleâs\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eat a reasonable distance\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;When the muscle is at rest, no\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaction \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;potential \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;recorded; however, as soon as the muscle\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebecomes active, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;action \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;potential\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;results from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are recorded. The potential recorded during activity is as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresult of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the asynchronous discharge of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;motor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eneurons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;motoneurons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evicinity of the electrodes. During minimal voluntary activity, only a few \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;motor units\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are discharged\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;discharges\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, and as voluntary \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effort \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;activity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increases\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;units \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; activated. This is called \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;motor unit\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecruitment\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of motor units\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;G\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;radation of muscular activity is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a function of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a part\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the function of a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; number of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;activated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;motor units\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; activated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370Electromyographic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Electromyographc\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estudies \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are clinically important\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have clinically\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;importance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the diagnosis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diagnosiz\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of motor unit disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; including peripheral nerve injuries, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;neuromuscular disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;such as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;including\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; myotonia and myasthenia gravis\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Redundant phrases make a sentence wordy. Being economical in writing enhances clarity (in terms of meaning) and readability of the sentence. Here, the phrase âso on and so forthâ is not required as this is implied by the use of âincluding.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, so on and so forth\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.0pt;line-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;Motor unit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;âs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; relation with electromyogram\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Abbreviations are not usually included in the title.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Motor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A single \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;motor neuron\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;motoneuron\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We have changed âitâsâ to âitsâ because this is a case of a possessive pronoun. The use of âitâsâ is incorrect because âitâsâ a contraction of âit isâ or âit has.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;itâs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;axon\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;axons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;innervate\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;supply\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot only just a muscle fiber, but also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; several muscle fibers. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;uscle\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efiber\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis supplied \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;innervated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by one\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emotor neuron through its single axon along with branches are called a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;otor \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;U\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;u\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nit. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The number\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A variety\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;numbers of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;muscle fibers \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in a motor unit varies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are present \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. It \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has been \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;observed in cat leg muscles that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapproximately 120\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Â, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;165 fibers are present in one motor unit.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370Electromyography:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;EMG\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;otor unit\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity is measured \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;inserting\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;placing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a coaxial electrode in\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to the muscle that is to\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be studied. Next\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the electrode is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;they are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; connected to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electromyograph\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;electromyography (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; recording is obtained\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eduring muscular activity\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This recording is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;called an electromyogram\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A hollow needle can be made \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;into\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecoaxial electrode \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;introducing an \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;insulated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;insolated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;inner wire \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;into \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Possible c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370hanges are recorded from \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;small volume of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;muscles in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;immediate \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;vicinity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;neighbuorhood\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the tip of the needle. Thus, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it is has been\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eobserved that most \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;highest \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;electrical activity is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the active fibers near the electrodes. Sometimes,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface electrodes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; used in\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stead\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof deep muscle coaxial \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electrodes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;electrode\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. In this recording method, two surface\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eelectrodes are placed over the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;muscle \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe studied\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; muscleâs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; at a reasonable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edistance.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;When the muscle is at rest, no\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaction \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;potential \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;recorded; however, as soon as the muscle\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebecomes active, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;action \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;potential\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;results from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are recorded. The potential recorded during activity is as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresult of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the asynchronous discharge of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;motor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eneurons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;motoneurons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evicinity of the electrodes. During minimal voluntary activity, only a few \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;motor units\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are discharged\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;discharges\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, and as voluntary \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effort \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;activity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increases\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;units \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; activated. This is called recruitment of motor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunits\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Gradation of muscular activity is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a function of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a part\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the function of a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; number of motor units activated. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370Electromyographic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Electromyographc\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estudies \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are clinically important\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have clinically\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;importance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the diagnosis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diagnosiz\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of motor unit disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; including peripheral nerve injuries, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;neuromuscular disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;such as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;including\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; myotonia and myasthenia gravis \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Redundant phrases make a sentence wordy. Being economical in writing enhances clarity (in terms of meaning) and readability of the sentence. Here, the phrase âso on and so forthâ is not required as this is implied by the use of âincluding.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, so on and so forth\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ç¥çµç§å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"ç¥çµç§å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:49.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:05:56.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":204,"titleslug":"neuroscience","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":229,"
370name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Neuroscience.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Neuroscience_e04d2c46b2","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":252,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Neuroscience_e04d2c46b2.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:58.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:58.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":217,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Neuroscience.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Neuroscience_8bd697d570","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":208.22,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Neuroscience_8bd697d570.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:53.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:53.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ç¥çµç§å¦"},{"id":84,"salevelthree":{"id":236,"name":"Pharmaceutical Research (è¬å¦ç ç©¶)","saleveltwo":21,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-26T15:01:13.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":932,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"è¬å¦ç ç©¶","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_4a8fd49042","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":8.25,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_4a8fd49042.png"}},"hash":"download_4a8fd49042","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.3,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_4a8fd49042.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-26T15:01:10.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:42:36.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":36,"salevelone":2,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"è¬å¦ç ç©¶åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãè¬å¦ç ç©¶åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ããã主ã«å»è¬åã®è£½é ã調å¤ãè©ä¾¡ãªã©ãè¡ãè¬å¦ç ç©¶ãããè¨æ°èª¿å¤ãçç©çµ±è¨å¦ã製è¬ãã¤ãªãã¯ããã¸ã¼ãªã©ã®é¢é£åéã«é¢ããå°éç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããè¬å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Purpose: \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;According to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecurrent clinical guidelines, combination therapy of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enofibrate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand statin\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;combination\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etherapy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is highly recommended\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; by the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecurrent clinical guidelines\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treating\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;treatment of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; mixed dyslipidemia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text alongside has been revised to present the intended meaning in a concise manner by retaining only the information that is essential with respect to context.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this study, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;we formulated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an innovative delayed-release\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreparation of fenofibrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was designed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereduce the risk of muscle toxicity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, caused by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esimultaneous administration of this combination therapy,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by altering\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe pharmacokinetic profile of fenofibrate\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as well as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto improve the oral bioavailability of the modified-release formulation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Methods: \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Micronized f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enofibrate was \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;micronized and used\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprepare drug-loaded cores via a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;powder \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;powder\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;layering process before \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;multiparticulate pellet coating.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDifferent c
370oating formulations were screened, and their in vitro release \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;profiles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, it is important to maintain parallelism in a sentence so that the items being compared can be clearly understood. Here, the sentence has been revised to clearly denote that âin vitro release profilesâ are being compared.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; compared with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe commercial sustained-release pellets Lipilfen®. Two optimized\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eformulations were evaluated in Beagle dog\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; model\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompared with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reference \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commercial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreparations of fenofibrate\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Lipanthyl® \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(the immediate-release preparation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Lipanthyl® \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Lipilfen® (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the sustained-release pellets\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; Lipilfen®\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereferences\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Results: The in vivo release of fenofibrate from R1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand R2 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;selected from in vitro tests\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; exhibited a lag phase, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and then\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;followed by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; rapid and complete drug release. The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erelative bioavailabilities of R1 and R2 \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;100.4% and 201.1%, respectively\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewere higher than that of Lipilfen® (67.2%).\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Conclusion: \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;odified fenofibrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pellets\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edeveloped \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;showed enhanced bioavailability and delayed-release\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproperties\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They have the potential to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can potentially\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; improve safety and compliance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhen co-\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;administrated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;administered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;with statins. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;To the best of our knowledge, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;his is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe first report of a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This phrase was revised to maintain consistency with the phrase used previously in the text (under âPurposeâ).\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; delayed-release \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;preparation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fenofibrate\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; preparation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Purpose: \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Combination therapy of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enofibrate and statin\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;combination therapy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehighly recommended by the current clinical guidelines for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;treatment of mixed dyslipidemia. In this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estudy, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;we formulated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an innovative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edelayed-release preparation of fenofibrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was designed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;achieve the following: to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reduce\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe risk of muscle toxicity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;caused by simultaneous administration of this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombination therapy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by altering the pharmacokinetic profile of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efenofibrate\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewell as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; to improve the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoral bioavailability of the modified-release formulation.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Methods: \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Micronized f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enofibrate was \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;micronized \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to prepare drug-loaded cores via a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;powder \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;powder\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;layering\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprocess before \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;multiparticulate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epellet coating. Different c
370oating formulations were screened, and their in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evitro release \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;profiles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, it is important to maintain parallelism in a sentence so that the items being compared can be clearly understood. Here, the sentence has been revised to clearly denote that âin vitro release profilesâ are being compared.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; compared with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the commercial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esustained-release pellets Lipilfen®. Two optimized formulations were evaluated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein Beagle dogs \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and compared with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reference\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commercial preparations of fenofibrate (the immediate-release\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreparation Lipanthyl® and the sustained-release pellets Lipilfen®)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; as references\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Results: The in vivo release of fenofibrate from R1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand R2 selected from in vitro tests exhibited a lag phase, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and then\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;followed by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erapid and complete drug release. The relative bioavailabilities of R1 and R2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewere 100.4% and 201.1%, respectively, which were higher than that of Lipilfen®\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(67.2%).\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Conclusion: \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;odified fenofibrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pellets\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edeveloped \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;showed enhanced bioavailability and delayed-release\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproperties\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They have the potential to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can potentially\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; improve safety and compliance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhen co-\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;administrated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;administered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;with statins. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;To the best of our knowledge, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;his is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe first report of a \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This phrase was revised to maintain consistency with the phrase used previously in the text (under âPurposeâ).\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; delayed-release \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;preparation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fenofibrate\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; preparation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"è¬å¦ç ç©¶åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"è¬å¦ç ç©¶åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:50.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:06:13.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":236,"titleslug":"pharmaceutical-research","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":215,"name":"WebSample-30_Substantive_Editing_Enago_WebSample-30.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"Web_Sample_30_Substantive_Editing_Enago_Web_Sample_30_5b64ba652e","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":226.35,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Web_Sample_30_Substantive_Editing_Enago_Web_Sample_30_5b64ba652e.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:52.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:52.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":245,"name":"WebSample-30_Copyediting_Enago_WebSample-30.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"Web_Sample_30_Copyediting_Enago_Web_Sample_30_41bc2aa848","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":224.91,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Web_Sample_30_Copyediting_Enago_Web_Sample_30_41bc2aa848.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"è¬å¦ç ç©¶"},{"id":85,"salevelthree":{"id":133,"name":"Molecular Biology (ååçç©å¦)","saleveltwo":12,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-26T15:02:43.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":933,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"ååçç©å¦","caption":"","width":175,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_e438aebdaf","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":156,"height":156,"size":8.29,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_e438aebdaf.png"}},"hash":"download_e438aebdaf","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.61,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_e438aebdaf.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-26T15:02:41.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:43:01.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":34,"salevelone":2,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"ååçç©å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãååçç©å¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããååã¬ãã«ã§çç©æ´»åãè§£æãããã¨ããååçç©å¦ãæ¯è¼ã²ããã¯ã¹ãæ³å»å¦ãéºä¼åæ²»çãªã©ããã¾ãã¾ãªåéã«ãããå
容ã«å¿ããå°éç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ãæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããååçç©å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;What came first\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;DNA or protein? \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Discovery \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediscovery \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of ribozymes and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;RNA world \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hypothesis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRNA world\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; has\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:white\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;provided a new perspective to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt; given\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; this question\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; another\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edimension\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Enzyme\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly known natural catalysts to the discovery of ribozymes. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;Ribozymes (also known as RNA \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;enzyme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enzymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalytic RNA) are RNA particles that catalyze \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;biochemic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;biochemical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reaction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thomas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cech and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Altman\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, who \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;first \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediscover \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;discovered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ribozymes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;during \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;1980s\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and went on later to investigate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;subsequently studied their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;catalytic properties. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thomas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cech\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; found that \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;when\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadditional cell extract was absent, the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;splicing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;introns in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ribosomal RNA\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein ribosomal RNA \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gene \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;genes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;i\u0026gt;Tetrahymena\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethermophila \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;were found to occur \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;i\u0026gt;Tetrahymena\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethermophila \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;underwent splicing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabsence of additional cell extract\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Sidney \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Altman \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and his colleagues\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;et al.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A comma is not used to separate the subject and the verb and has therefore been deleted here.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;separated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;discovered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;bacterial RNase P, an enzyme responsible for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;changing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;converting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;precursor \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;tRNA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;active \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tRNA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. However\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it was found that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in addition to\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; protein\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe enzyme \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370contained RNA that could\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estimulate \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the cleavage of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the cleavage of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;precursor tRNA into tRNA in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabsence of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;protein component. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Also, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thomas\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cech\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gave the conclusion \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;concluded\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that the intron sequence of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;RNA\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;break \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cleave \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereform \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;phosphodiester\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;phosdiester\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; bonds. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Cech and Altman \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;won the Nobel\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrize in chemistry for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the same thing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in 1989. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;N\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;atural \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, information should be presented with accuracy. At this instance, the term âribosomesâ refers to a cell organelle, whereas âribozymesâ refers to catalytic RNA. This typographical error has been revised for accuracy.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ribosomes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ribozymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalyze the hydrolysis of their own phosphodiester bonds\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThey also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalyze \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhite\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and other RNA sequences. They\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealso catalyze \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;aminotransferase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;also catalyze \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;hydrolysis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:red\"\u0026gt; of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;other RNA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"background:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhite\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This information has been deleted because it is not essential with respect to context and has already been conveyed previously in the text.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Ribozymes are so called because they\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eact as enzymes in terms of their specificity and belong to RNA. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; However\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Despite possessing enzymatic activity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ribozymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are different \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;differ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enzymes \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;because of th\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;because of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;following reasons:\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;1)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;Unlike enzymes, ribozymes do not require \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;specific pH and temperature\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to function.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;2)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;Ribozymes consists \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:white\"\u0026gt;They consist \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;of nucleotides.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;3)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;They do not have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;well defined \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;well-defined \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eregions, such as active\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; site \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalyzed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;catalytic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;site\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sites\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;4)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;They can act on \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a very\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;extremely\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; small amounts of substances but perform\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea more limited set of instructions\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;To date, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhite\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:white\"\u0026gt;many \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:white\"\u0026gt;natural \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"background:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhite\"\u0026gt;ribozymes have\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt; been discovered\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and several artificial ribozymes have been synthesized\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; till date\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediscovery of naturally occurring ribozymes is increasing, along with which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eseveral artificial ribozymes have also been synthesized. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Due to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Because of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;their\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabilities, r\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;ibozymes have been investigated for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplications as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;therapeutic agents\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensor\" title=\"Biosensor\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none\"\u0026gt;biosensors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u00
37026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and in genomics\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efunctions \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in addition to their functions\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein genomics and gene discovery\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;discovery of genes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;What came first\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;DNA or protein? \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Discovery \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediscovery \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of ribozymes and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the hypothesis of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;RNA world\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ha\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; given\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethis question another dimension. Enzyme\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly known natural catalysts to the discovery of ribozymes. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;Ribozymes (also known as RNA \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;enzyme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enzymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalytic RNA) are RNA particles that catalyze \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;biochemic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;biochemical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reaction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThomas Cech and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Sidney \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Altman\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; were the first to discover\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eribozymes during \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;1980s and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;later \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;went on \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;later \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvestigate \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;catalytic properties. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Thomas\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCech\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; found that splicing of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eintrons in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ribosomal RNA in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ribosomal RNA gene in \u0026lt;i\u0026gt;Tetrahymena\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethermophila \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were found to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;occur\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;red\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in the absence of additional cell extract\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Sidney Altman and his colleagues\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A comma is not used to separate the subject and the verb and has therefore been deleted here.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;separated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;discovered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;bacterial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRNase P, an enzyme responsible for changing a precursor to active tRNA. However\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; it was found that in addition to\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; protein\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe enzyme \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370contained RNA that could\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estimulate the cleavage of precursor tRNA into tRNA in the absence of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;protein component. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;Also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In addition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Thomas\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCech\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gave \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reached \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econclusion that the intron sequence of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;RNA\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebreak and reform \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;phosphodiester\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;phosdiester\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; bonds. They won the Nobel Prize in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echemistry for the same \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in 1989. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;N\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;atural \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, information should be presented with accuracy. At this instance, the term âribosomesâ refers to a cell organelle, whereas âribozymesâ refers to catalytic RNA. This typographical error has been revised for accuracy.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ribosomes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ribozymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;catalyze\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe hydrolysis of their own phosphodiester bonds. They also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;catalyze\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaminotransferase activity. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Further, they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;catalyze \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;hydrolysis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt; of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;other\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRNA. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They are termed as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Ribozymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ribozymes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are so called \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;because they \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;act \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are as specific \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenzymes \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in terms of their specificity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebelong to RNA. However, they are different from enzymes because of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efollowing reasons:\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;1)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;Unlike enzymes, ribozymes do not require \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;specific pH and temperature\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;2)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A plural noun must be accompanied by a plural verb. Here, as the noun is âribozymes,â a plural verb has been used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; Ribozymes consist\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;of nucleotides.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;3)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;They do not have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;well\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;defined \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eregions, such as active \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;site \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalyzed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;catalytic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;site\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;4)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;They can act on \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;very\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esmall amounts of substances but perform a more limited set of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;instructions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;actions.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:white\"\u0026gt;any \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;ribozymes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehave\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt; been discovered till date. The discovery of naturally\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoccurring ribozymes is increasing\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; along\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esynthesis of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;several artificial ribozymes\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehave also been synthesized\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Due to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Because of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;their\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabilities, r\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;ibozymes have been investigated for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplications as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;therapeutic agents\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensor\" title=\"Biosensor\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none\"\u0026gt;biosensors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as well as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in genomic\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efunctions and \u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;discovery of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egenes.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ååçç©å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"ååçç©å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:48.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:06:37.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":133,"titleslug":"molecular-biology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":205,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_MolecularBiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Molecular_Biology_afc4d794a0","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":165.66,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Molecular_Biology_afc4d794a0.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:46.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:46.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":242,"name":"ENAGO_ Copy_Editing_Sample_MolecularBiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Molecular_Biology_07571e3cea","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":165.78,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Molecular_Biology_07571e3cea.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ååçç©å¦"},{"id":86,"salevelthree":{"id":122,"name":"Cancer Research (ããç ç©¶)","saleveltwo":12,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-26T15:03:52.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":934,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"ã¨ãã´ ã®ããç ç©¶ã®æ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_2fcf666d0e","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":8.46,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_2fcf666d0e.png"}},"hash":"download_2fcf666d0e","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.49,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_2fcf666d0e.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-26T15:03:50.000Z","updated_at":"2024-04-15T12:55:43.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":2,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":12,"title":"ããç ç©¶åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãããç ç©¶ã®åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããããç ç©¶ããã³ãããéºä¼å¦ã¨ã²ãã ãå
ç«çæ³ã¨ã¯ã¯ãã³ããã代è¬ãç´°èã·ã°ãã«ä¼éã¨æå¶ãç´°èãã¼ã¹æ²»çãåå¦çç©å¦ãComputationalOncologyï¼è¨ç®è
«çå¦ï¼ãçºççç©å¦ãªã©ãé¢é£åéã®ä¿®å£«å·ãå士å·ãæã¤æ ¡æ£è
ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ãããããç ç©¶ã«é¢ããè«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some journals require structured abstracts with subheadings such as Background and Aims, Materials and Methods, Results, and Conclusions. All relevant subheadings should be added in order to speed up the journal submission process. At this instance, we have added the appropriate subheading based on context.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Background and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAims\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; Spinal anesthesia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;widely used\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;a accepted technique in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;elective\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecesarean sections. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hypotension resulted\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efrom \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sympathectomy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;common\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly results in hypotension\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; problem\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;especially \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;particularly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in pregnant women. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The prophylactic use of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Prevention of this complication by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sympathomimetic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eagents \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may help prevent this complication\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is of potential clinical significance\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The aim of this study is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This study aimed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to compare the effect of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;prophylactic infusion of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;P\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;p\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;henylephrine\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eversus \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;phedrine\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprevent\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ion\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hypotension\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eduring spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean section\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;Methods\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;: Eighty-three\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using the right word choice has a great impact in conveying the intended meaning clearly to the reader. The term âpregnant womenâ has been added here to clearly specify the study population.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;pregnant women\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewere enrolled in this study and randomly divi
370ded into three groups\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Ph\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;received phenylephrine infusion, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;E\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;received ephedrine infusion\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;while group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;P\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;group received \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were delivered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;placebo.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation) were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecorded throughout the surgery. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The incidence of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;aternal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand neonatal perioperative complications \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also compared\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also controlled and recorded\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; among the groups\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;Results\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Demographic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echaracteristics were comparable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;There was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ean insignificant difference in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;among \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;demographic data between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;three \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;groups. Systolic and diastolic blood\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epressure\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;phenylephrine \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Ph \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;group \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was higher \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;than\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;control\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the P group\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebut not higher than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that in the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the ephedrine \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;E \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;group.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaternal dysrhythmias were more common in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ephedrine\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Ph\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;phenylephrine\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; groups than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;P \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;control \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;group. Vomiting was \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;significantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;more common in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ephedrine group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;E group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Spaces are generally used before and after arithmetic symbols.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;(P\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;0.05).\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;mean \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fifth\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;-minute Apgar score \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eneonates was higher \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the Ph\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;phenylephrine\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;E \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ephedrine \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;groups \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;P \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;control \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;group\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(P\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The incidence of neonatal acidosis in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Neonates of phenylephrine \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the Ph \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;group \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elower than that in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;had less acidosis than\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the other \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;Conclusion\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;: Prophylactic infusion of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephenylephrine can effectively \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;alleviate\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;decrease\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; spinal anesthesia\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;related\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehypotension without \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;causing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;any \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;major\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;significant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;maternal or fetal \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;complication\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; for mother or her\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efetal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;To date\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Currently\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, there is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;growing number of well-known predictors of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;malignancy of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;thyroid nodule\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; malignancies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; including \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;solid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; fixed \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;formation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;tumors \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;detected \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;physiological examination, rapid growth\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; large\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esize of the site, tracheostomy, dysphagia\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; lymphadenopathy, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;history\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;irradiation \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in the history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;low doses of radiation \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehead and neck \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;dur\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; infancy, age less \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;than \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;20 years \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;greater \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;than\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e70 years\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, a comma (called as serial comma) is generally added before âandâ in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; male gender. Detection of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethyroid tumors\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;characterized by \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;benign course and favorable prognosis\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370 can significantly reduce the number of surgical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einterventions. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in some \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cases\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;where \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;malignant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;potential of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;malignancy of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etumor \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cannot\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; be determined. In \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such cases\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;this case\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, alternative diagnostic methods are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erequired. These may include the detection of BRAF and RAS \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;spot \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;point \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;mutations\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; PAX8\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; / \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;PPAR\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;γ\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;?\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and RET\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; / \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;PTC translocation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;but \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;given\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe high cost of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;genetic testing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;research data\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erelatively low sensitivity, these methods are not always suitable for routine\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediagnostics. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;etermination of the level of serum hormones may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe cheaper and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;yield \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;faster\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; results\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. This review \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edevoted to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eassessment of the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;role of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;current concept on\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; thyroid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stimulating\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehormone \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(TSH) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;role \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;development\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand progression\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; differentiated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethyroid \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cancer\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;carcinoma\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enamely papillary thyroid carcinoma. Numerous studies \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;demonstrated the significance of high \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;TSH\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; level\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in thyroid nod\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ul\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; maligni\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;z\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ation and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; disease\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprogression associated with rapid growth, aggressiveness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and metastasis\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edevelopment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; Many authors \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efound TSH level\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;find this test\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;useful for distinguishing \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;benign and malignant thyroid tumors and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The use of âsuggestâ and âmayâ in the same sentence is redundant in this context as both words denote a possibility.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;suggest\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe used as an auxiliary in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;diagnostics.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A comma should be used after transition words such as therefore, however, moreover, nevertheless, hence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; However\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; there \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have been \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;some authors who \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;did not find \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;found \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;any \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;no \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;relationship\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebetween TSH \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;level \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and thyroid cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, there is a growing body of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;investigations \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;evidence \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;demonstrating the opposite \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;relations \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;association \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;between\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTSH level\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and thyroid \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370malignancies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cancer\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Nevertheless, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;G\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enetic studies \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;support \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also are in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efavor of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;presence of a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reciprocal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eassociation between \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;TSH\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; level \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of TSH \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the development of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;thyroid cancer\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; development\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ããç ç©¶åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"ããç ç©¶åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:16.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-23T10:46:26.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":122,"titleslug":"cancer-research","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":46,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_CancerResearch.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cancer_Research_44759f6c4d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":156.87,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cancer_Research_44759f6c4d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:21:41.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:21:41.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":47,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_CancerResearch.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cancer_Research_926cb58be3","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":156.82,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cancer_Research_926cb58be3.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:21:41.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:21:41.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ããç ç©¶"},{"id":87,"salevelthree":{"id":191,"name":"Virology (ã¦ã¤ã«ã¹å¦)","saleveltwo":15,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-26T15:04:53.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":935,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"模å¼å³ï¼ä¸å¿åï¼5ã¤ã®é¢é£å","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_a9902e28af","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":7.28,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_a9902e28af.png"}},"hash":"download_a9902e28af","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.49,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_a9902e28af.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-26T15:04:50.000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-05T11:12:04.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":37,"salevelone":2,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"ã¦ã¤ã«ã¹å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãã¦ã¤ã«ã¹å¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããå¾®çç©å¦ãç
çå¦ã®ä¸åéã¨ã¿ãªãããã¦ã¤ã«ã¹å¦ãããã«éºä¼å¦ãå¾®çç©å¦ãå
ç«å¦ãªã©ã®é¢é£åéã®ä¿®å£«å·ãå士å·ãæã¤æ ¡æ£è
ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããã¦ã¤ã«ã¹å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Cases in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Only three previous reports have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshown that\u
3700026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;human parvovirus B19 (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;HPV\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eB19\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; can induce aplastic crisis and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunmask \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hereditary\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003espherocytosis (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;HS\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efamily\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; are rare, with only three cases being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereported so far\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Here, two sentences have been joined together to present the intended information in a more concise manner.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In 1984\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Previously\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;some researches\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein 1984 reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;an adult sibling pair with HS \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;who \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was reported to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;develop\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; aplastic crisis after a febrile illness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efurther \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;diagnosed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HPV B19 infection\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. The diagnosis of HPV B19 was developed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;based\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eon \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the presence of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;specific IgM antibod\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir sera, as \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;PCR \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;polymerase chain reaction \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was not available\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot be performed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They also found that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;children of one of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe patients \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;developed HPV B19\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;induced\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaplastic crisis, which \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;resolved with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esupportive care. These two adult patients were treated \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblood transfusion\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and supportive care\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;discharged after 6\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"An en dash is generally used instead of a hyphen to denote a range.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 days of hospital\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ization\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; care\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Similarly, in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1987, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In a similar report, McLellan and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRutter in 1987 reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HPV B19\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;induced aplastic crisis \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in two teenage sisters\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which led \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;leading \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to the diagnosis of HS. They both\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epresented with progressive fatigue, dizziness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand pallor after a febrile illness. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In addition, their\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;had a history\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof splenectomy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in their mother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;at the age\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof 11 years. They both were diagnosed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HPV B19\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;underwent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esplenectomy and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;received \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;supportive care\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003euntil recovery. In 1962, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Chanarin et al. reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;aplastic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecrisis \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;three \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;members\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof a family (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; sisters and the\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ir\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efather).\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;9\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;One of the sisters \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;10\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;year\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;old\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; girl\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epresented with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"When a number-unit adjective comes before a noun, it must be hyphenated, but not when it follows the noun. In this case, â7-dayâ is the number-unit adjective describing the noun âhistory.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eday\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; history of fever of unknown origin, jaundice,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand dark urine. The same \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;illness \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;symptoms \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were noted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the other sister (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;year\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;old\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;sister \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the father (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;32\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;year\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;old\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;father \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;who\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eboth had HS. The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;elder sister \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;10-year-old girl \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;was treated with repeated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransfusions, splenectomy, and supportive care for 92 days. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Only three previous reports have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshown that HPV B19 can induce aplastic crisis and unmask \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HS in a family. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Previously\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In 1984\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, some researche\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;r\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in 1984 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;reported an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadult sibling pair with HS who developed aplastic crisis after a febrile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eillness, which was further diagnosed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HPV B19 infection. The diagnosis of HPV B19\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;developed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;made\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;based \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the basis of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;specific IgM antibod\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir sera\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; as PCR was not available. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They also found that the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;children of one of the patients \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;developed HPV B19\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;induced aplastic crisis, which \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;resolved with supportive care. These two adult\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients were treated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;blood transfusion and supportive care and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;discharged after 6\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"An en dash is generally used instead of a hyphen to denote a range.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;8 days of hospital\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ization\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; care\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn a similar report\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in 1987\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, McLellan\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand Rutter \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in 1987 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;reported HPV B19\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;induced\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaplastic crisis in two teenage sisters\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which led \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;leading \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe diagnosis of HS. They both presented with progressive fatigue, dizziness\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, a comma (called serial or Oxford comma) is inserted before âandâ in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand pallor after a febrile illness. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Their mother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;also\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehad a history of splenectomy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in their mother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;at\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe age of 11 years. They \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;diagnosed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HPV B19 and underwent splenectomy and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;received \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;supportive care until recovery. In 1962,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChanarin et al. reported a
370plastic crisis in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;three \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;members of a family (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; sisters and the father). The 10-year-old \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;girl \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sister \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;presented\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"When a number-unit adjective comes before a noun, it must be hyphenated, but not when it follows the noun. In this case, â7-dayâ is the number-unit adjective describing the noun âhistory.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;day\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehistory of fever of unknown origin, jaundice, and dark urine. The same illness\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas reported in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;2-year-old sister\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand 32-year-old father\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; who both had HS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe 10-year-old \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;girl \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sister \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;was treated with repeated transfusions,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esplenectomy, and supportive care for 92 days. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ã¦ã¤ã«ã¹å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"ã¦ã¤ã«ã¹å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:51.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:06:53.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":191,"titleslug":"virology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":234,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Virology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Virology_0e71be588e","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":147.68,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Virology_0e71be588e.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:00.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:00.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":157,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Virology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Virology_03f5c6fca4","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":145.94,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Virology_03f5c6fca4.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:38.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:38.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ã¦ã¤ã«ã¹å¦"}]},{"id":3,"title":"ç©çã»åå¦ã»å·¥å¦","description":"\u003cp\u003eç©çç§å¦ã»å·¥å¦åéã«ãããã¨ãã´ã®æ ¡æ£è
ã®65%以ä¸ããIEEEã®ãããªå¦è¡ç ç©¶å£ä½ã§ã®æ ¡æ£æ¥åçµé¨ãæã¤ãè±ææ ¡æ£ã®
370å°éå®¶ã§ããã¨ãã´ã®è±ææ ¡æ£ããå©ç¨ããã ããçæ§ã®è«æã次ã
ã«ãããã¸ã£ã¼ãã«ã«åçããã¦ãã¾ãã\u003c/p\u003e","card_title":"ã¨ãã´ã®åå¦ã»ç©çã»\u003cbr\u003eå·¥å¦åéã®å¼·ã¿","card_description":null,"sa_title":"åå¦ã»ç©çã»å·¥å¦åéã®\u003cbr\u003eè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","card":[{"id":129,"title":"ç©çç§å¦ã»å·¥å¦é¢é£ææ¸ã®ç¨®é¡","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30種é¡ä»¥ä¸\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4262,"name":"Paper Editing.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Paper_Editing_1a5444d331","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":0.92,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Paper_Editing_1a5444d331.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z"}},{"id":130,"title":"è±ææ ¡æ£ã«é¢ãã£ãã¸ã£ã¼ãã«","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13000èªä»¥ä¸\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4263,"name":"medicine-journal-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.2,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:34.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:57.000Z"}},{"id":131,"title":"ç´°ååãããå°éåéã®æ°","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e350以ä¸\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4264,"name":"subject-area-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"subject_area_assist_734ff88845","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.67,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/subject_area_assist_734ff88845.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z"}}],"card_link":{"id":36,"text":"ç©çã»åå¦ã»å·¥å¦åéã®è©³ç´°ã¸","url":"/subjects/physical-science-engineering"},"sa_link":{"id":37,"text":"è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ããã£ã¨è¦ã","url":"/samples"},"sa_samples":[{"id":92,"salevelthree":{"id":581,"name":"Organic Chemistry (ææ©åå¦)","saleveltwo":32,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T12:20:19.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":956,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"ã¨ãã´ã®ææ©å妿 ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_0e73d4438b","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":6.63,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_0e73d4438b.png"}},"hash":"download_0e73d4438b","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.59,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_0e73d4438b.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T12:20:16.000Z","updated_at":"2024-04-15T12:54:17.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":50,"salevelone":4,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"ææ©åå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãææ©åå¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããææ©åå¦ããã³ãå
±é³´çè«ãé
¸ã¨å¡©åºãç«ä½åå¦ãã¢ã«ã±ã³ã»ã¢ã«ãã³ãªã©ã®é¢é£åéã®å°éç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããææ©åå¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"WordSection1\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;1. INTRODUCTION\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Recently, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edemand for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;biofuels \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"TIn passive voice, adverbs of manner are generally placed between the helping and main verbs.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecently increased\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are in high demand because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;owing to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;their environment\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;uses\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;benefits\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBiofuels are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;considered to be a good \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;better \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;alternate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;alternatives for traditional fuels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;if they are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cost affective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cost-effective\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Repetition of the same word or a phrase that c
370onveys the same meaning hampers the readability of a sentence. This sentence has been edited for conciseness and to eliminate repetition of redundant information.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecan be \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;effectively mass-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;produced\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in large quantities in a continuous batch without hampering or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehaving any negative effects on food supply ,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and can be effectively derived \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;from biomass \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to reduce \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;without\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehampering food supply, and can reduce \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the cost and energy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;needed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;required \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to produce feedstock \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;for biofuel production.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; Chemically, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Biodiesels\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;biodiesels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;chemically \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;mono-alkyl methyl esters. During\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eesterification\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Introductory clauses are separated from the main clause using a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;fatty acids \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sequentially\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A verb must agree with its subject. Herein, âfatty acidsâ is a plural subject; therefore, it will take a plural verb âseparate.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eseparate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; from \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The spelling has been revised to suit American English.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eglycerin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e one by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eone\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; via a catalyst\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Biofuels\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, such as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;biodiesels\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;formed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;produced \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;when \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a methyl\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealcohol\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;methanol\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; (CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;OH)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;contacts \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;binds\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and forms a bond with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efatty acid \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;molecule \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(e.g., palmitoleic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eacid CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;(CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;CH=CH(CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;COOH)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and forms a bond\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; major reasons \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;why \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that prove \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Biofuels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;biofuels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;offer a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;better alternative\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; to fossil fuels are that they are economically\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompetitive\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and can be generated on a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elarge scale \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from the waste of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by recycling the waster produced on a daily basis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;our day-to-day lives thus ensuring a recycle of waste\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproducts to\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. These\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003equalities of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;productive components as also\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;biofuels also ensure the maintenance of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;maintaining \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a closed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Closed is an adjective that modifies the noun âcarbon cycleâ here. Therefore, the incorrect usage of hyphen was deleted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;carbon cycle.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In this study, to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;To \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;further identify \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;biofuels\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;better sources of energy and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecost\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;effectiv\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in this study\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompare the current \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;presently \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;available\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebiofuels \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are compared with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;some \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;commonly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eused fossil fuels.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;1. INTRODUCTION\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;Recently, biofuels\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare in high demand because of their environment\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;uses\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;benefits\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBiofuels are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;considered to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a good\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealternat\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;iv\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e if they are cost\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Choosing the right word to convey meaning eases readability and understanding.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaffective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;effective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e, can be produced in large quantities in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea continuous batch without hampering or having any negative effects on food\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esupply\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, and can be effectively derived\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efrom biomass to reduce the cost and energy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;needed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;required \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to produce feedstock\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; for biofuel production.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;Biodiesels are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echemically mono-alkyl methyl esters. During esterification\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Introductory clauses are separated from the main clause using a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a catalyst separates\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the fatty acids \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;separates \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The spelling has been revised to suit American English.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eglycerin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; one by one. Biofuels\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;biodiesels\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare formed when \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;methyl alcohol (CH\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;OH)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Remark: Presenting information in a concise manner often aids clarity and enhances readability\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;binds\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;contacts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand forms a bond with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a fatty acid \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;molecule\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(e.g., palmitoleic acid CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;(CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;CH=CH(CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;COOH)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and forms a bond\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Numbers have to be spelled out at the beginning of the sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; major reasons why \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;B\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;b\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;iofuels \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;offer a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; better \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;alternative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;than\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; fossil fuels are\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as follows:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(1) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;they are economically competitive\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(2) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe generated on a large scale from the waste of our \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;day-to-day\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;daily\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; lives\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethus ensuring a recycle of waste products to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;productive components \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;while\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealso maintaining a closed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Closed is an adjective that modifies the noun âcarbon cycleâ here. Therefore, the incorrect usage of hyphen was deleted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;carbon cycle.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;To further\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eidentify which biofuels \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;better sources of energy and cost\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-effective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; effectiv\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein this study\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;we \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compare the current\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eavailable biofuels to some of the commonly used fossil fuels.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ææ©åå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"ææ©åå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:07:43.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":581,"titleslug":"organic-chemistry","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":171,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry_e06b3fcc56","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":149.21,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry_e06b3fcc56.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:41.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:41.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":183,"name":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry_ca9a803299","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":145.44,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry_ca9a803299.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:42.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:42.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ææ©åå¦"},{"id":93,"salevelthree":{"id":821,"name":"Electronic, Optical And Magnetic Materials (é»åã»å
ã»ç£æ§ææ)","saleveltwo":40,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T12:26:03.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":957,"name":"electronicoptical-min.png","alternativeText":"ã¢ã¤ã³ã³ï¼ã±ã¼ãã«ã³ãã¯ã·ã§ã³","caption":"","width":175,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_electronicoptical-min.png","hash":"thumbnail_electronicoptical_min_a73a223aab","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":156,"height":156,"size":9.45,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_electronicoptical_min_a73a223aab.png"}},"hash":"electronicoptical_min_a73a223aab","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.59,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/electronicoptical_min_a73a223aab.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T12:26:00.000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-04T12:01:45.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":41,"salevelone":4,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"é»åã»å
ã»ç£æ§ææï¼é»åå
å¦ï¼åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãé»åå
å¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããåºä½ç©çå¦ã¨åå¦ãé»åå·¥å¦ã¨åå¦å·¥å¦ãããã³ææç§å¦ã®åºæ¬åçãªã©ãè¤åçã«é¢ä¿ããé»åå
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åºãç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããé»åå
å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Figure 4\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshows \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a CTSe thin film \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;X-ray powder diffraction (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;XRD\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; pattern \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of a thin CTSe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efilm \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;obtained \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;prepared by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sequential\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edeposition of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thin films of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;CuSe and SnSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; thin films\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; using\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370 a preparation routine \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like one plotted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;shown\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein Fig. 3 \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;evaporated masses of Cu and Sn of 0.01 and 0.07 g\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; respectively.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Figure 4 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The simple present tense is used when referring to Figures/Tables present in text. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;showed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;shows \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe XRD\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; pattern\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for films \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of CuSe and SnSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; films\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. The\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;se\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;XRD patterns were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compared with the CTSe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediffractogram\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;my\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in order \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;get \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;identify the reflections corresponding to secondary phases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the thin CTSe films \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;with a greater degree of accuracy\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the reflections corresponding to secondary phases in the thin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCTSe films\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt; thin films were grown\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;method\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebased on sequential evaporation of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thin films of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;CuSe\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and SnSe \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;thin films \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stage\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprocess. Characterization \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;done \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by XRD \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gave\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eevidence of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;proved the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;formation of a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compound \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;formation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;containing predominantly the Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehowever\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the sequence \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebinary precursors \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;are evaporated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; and the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreparation parameters\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;significantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;affect\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the phase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; formation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas well \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the structural, optical\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Choosing the right technical words to convey meaning eases readability and understanding and maintains technical accuracy.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;electric\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;transport\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; properties\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the thin CTSe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efilms. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Moreover o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;O\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ptical characterization \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;performed by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003espectral transmittance measurements revealed that the CTSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; films\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; have low transmittance and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;poor crystallographic quality, probably\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eassociated to structural and native defects, indicating that further studies\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emust be \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;done \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to improve CTSe film\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;properteis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;properties\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"To create an easy flow of ideas, transition words such as however, therefore, and moreover can be used. This usage enhances coherence of ideas in the paragraph and the manuscript on the whole.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Furthermore, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;results \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;revealed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;demonstrated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;characterize of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efilms \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;be potentially used\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; for a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;done to get \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;p\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;type\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;conductivity\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;semiconductor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenergy band gap \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;approximately\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;somewhat\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 1.6 eV\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Temperature-dependent \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;Conductivity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;conductivity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;measurements\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on temperature dependence \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;revealed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Omission of words that are necessary to meaning will result in failed communication. Omissions are common in colloquial English; however, these should not be carried over to written English. For example: The trouble was the paper had not been submitted. (incorrect); The trouble was that the paper had not been submitted. (Correct)\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econductivit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of the CTSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; films were\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; predominantly affected \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by the transport\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;free carrier\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\
370u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;transport \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;states of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evalence band. In high temperatures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ranges \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(T\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 550\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;K)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe increase of Ï could be \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;attributed to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecarrier densit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;coming \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;originating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from deep acceptor impurities,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhereas the change of Ï observed in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;low\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etemperatures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;range \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(T \u0026lt; 350\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;K) can\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eattributed to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;changes \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;carrier \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;density \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecarrier coming \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;originating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshallow acceptor impurities associated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;secondary phases.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Figure 4\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; shows \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a CTSe thin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efilm \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the XRD pattern \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of a thin CTSe film\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;obtained \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sequential deposition of thin films of CuSe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand SnSe\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eusing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370 a preparation routine \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;plotted in Fig. 3 \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;evaporated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emasses of Cu and Sn of 0.01 and 0.07 g\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erespectively.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Figure 4 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The simple present tense is used when referring to Figures/Tables present in text. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;showed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;shows \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the XRD\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; pattern\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for films \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of CuSe and SnSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; films\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. The\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;se\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compared with the CTSe diffractogram\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;my\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in order \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;get \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;obtain \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with a greater degree of accuracy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the reflections\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecorresponding to secondary phases in the thin CTSe films\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; with a greater degree of accuracy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt; thin films were grown\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;method\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebased on sequential evaporation of thin films of CuSe\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and SnSe in a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stage process. Characterization \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;done \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eXRD \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gave evidence of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;proved the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;formation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compound \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;formation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;containing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epredominantly the Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt; phase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; however\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the sequence \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the binary precursors \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;are evaporated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; and the preparation parameters\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;significantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;affect\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe phase as well \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the structural,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoptical\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Choosing the right technical words to convey meaning eases readability and understanding and maintains technical accuracy.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;electric\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;transport\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; properties\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; of the thin CTSe films. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Moreover o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;O\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ptical characterization performed by spectral\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransmittance measurements revealed that the CTSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efilms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; have low transmittance and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;poor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecrystallographic quality, probably associated to structural and native defects,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eindicating that further studies must be done to improve CTSe film\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;properteis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;properties\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"To create an easy flow of ideas, transition words such as however, therefore, and moreover can be used. This usage enhances coherence of ideas in the paragraph and the manuscript on the whole.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Furthermore, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;results revealed that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;characterize\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt; films \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;be characterized\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;done \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyes\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;get \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;obtain\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;p\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;type\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econductivity \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an energy band gap \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;around\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;somewhat\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6 eV\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Temperature-dependent \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;Conductivity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;conductivity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;measurements\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on temperature dependence \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;revealed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; conductivit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of the CTSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; films were\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; predominantly affected \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370by the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;free\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecarrier transport in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;states of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evalence band. In high temperatures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ranges \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(T\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 550\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;K)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe increase of Ï could be \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;attributed to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecarrier densit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;coming \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;originating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from deep acceptor impurities,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhereas the change of Ï observed in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;low\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etemperatures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;range \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(T \u0026lt; 350\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;K) can\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eattributed to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;changes \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;carrier \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;density \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecarrier coming \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;originating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshallow acceptor impurities associated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;secondary phases.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"é»åã»å
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å¦ï¼åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"é»åã»å
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å¦ï¼åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:55.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:08:03.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":821,"titleslug":"electronic-magnetic-optical-materials","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
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ã»ç£æ§ææ"},{"id":94,"salevelthree":{"id":568,"name":"Analytical Chemistry (åæåå¦)","saleveltwo":32,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-28T13:53:17.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":958,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"åæåå¦","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_182ff000b1","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":7.99,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_182ff000b1.png"}},"hash":"download_182ff000b1","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.41,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_182ff000b1.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-28T13:53:14.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:47:49.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":38,"salevelone":4,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"åæåå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãåæåå¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããåæåå¦ã«éãããç¡æ©åå¦ãææ©åå¦ãç©çåå¦ãªã©ã®é¢é£åéã®ä¿®å£«å·ãå士å·ãæã¤æ ¡æ£è
ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããåæåå¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Figure 2 shows\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;A scanning electron microscopy image of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt; the Pt/mordenite zeolite catalyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; is shown in Figure 2,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the SEM micrography. The image \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;indicates\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the catalyst \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphology\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;homogeneous\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emorphology\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;High surface area improves\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe reactant adsorption, thus \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The surface\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003earea is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;playing a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;key\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; role\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecataly\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; Higher surface area improves the reactant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadsorption\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalysts \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;surface area\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePt/mordenite zeolite catalyst\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;measured\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eby\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrunauerâEmmettâTeller \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;BET\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;surface\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eanalysis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface area of Pt/mordneite zeolites \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The subject-verb agreement requires the use of singular past tense âwasâ here since surface area is singular. Please note that âwereâ is a plural conjugation.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e296.69 \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"BET surface area is typically specified in area per unit of mass or bulk volume. We suggest that âgmâ should be âgâ at this instance.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; m\u0026lt;sup\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sup\u0026gt;/g\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e. The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;X-ray powder\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediffraction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;XRDs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; pattern of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePt/mordenite zeolite (Figure 3) exhibits the most intense diffraction peaks at\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2θ = 6\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; -\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;30\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;°\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;thus \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;confirmed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;confirming the MOR\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;structure of zeolite \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as the MOR\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; as well as its\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;good \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;crystalline nature\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; being good\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;The hydroisomerizetion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof p\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;P\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;ure n-pen\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;tane and n-pentane in a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebinary mixture of pentane isomers w\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ere\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hydroisomerized \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;performed by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePt/mordenite catalyst \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;under a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wide range\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof experimental condition\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. The hydro\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;logical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;conversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;products\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The proper use for âconsistâ is âto consist ofâ whereas for âcompriseâ it is just âcomprise(s).â For example, âthe soups comprise vegetables.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;comprise\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;yielded\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;both\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eisomerization and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;creaking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cracking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;products. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Hence\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the following subsections\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the effects of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reaction parameters \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effects with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalytic performance of pure n-pentane as\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efeed are demonstrated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;based on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;catalytic activity and isomerization\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eselectivity. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;after this\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Then\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, the isomerization of n\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pentane in the bi\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nary\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emixture is discussed\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in the last part of this section\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Figure 4 shows the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econversion of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Typically, n-pentane is written with a hyphen. Also, since you used a hyphen earlier, the notation or spelling should be the same throughout the document.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; n\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pentane\u0026lt;/span
370\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas a function of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereaction temperature. The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tests \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;were performed in\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;side \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;H\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;environment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;at temperatures ranging\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"To express ranges, the preposition pairs fromâ¦to and between⦠and are used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; from 150\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; °C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; - \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;350 °C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nd\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eatmosphere pressure\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;It clearly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshows that t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalyst \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is seen to strongly catalyze the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;showed a high catalysing activity for the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;isomerization\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof n\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pentene, particularly in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etemperature rang\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 220\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; °C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;350 °\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;C. Because of the low activity of the catalyst\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand the low reactivity of n-pentane, the conversion of n-pentane is negligible \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;at \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;temperatures\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebelow 180 °C. By increasing the temperature \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;at \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;180 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°C \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e220 °C, the conversion of n-pentane \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;rose greatly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increased significantly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;; however, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efurther \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increas\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; temperature \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;further results in a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;slow\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;rises \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;conversion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis can be \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;caused by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;attributed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; an \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increasing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increase in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the number of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esites \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;can be activated for the reaction when the temperatures increase\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe range \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;180\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; °C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; -\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;220 °C; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;but\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;however\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, the\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econversion\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; rate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of conversion increase \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;begins to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;declining \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;decrease as the temperature increases \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;because of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethermodynamic restriction\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; at \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370bigger \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;high \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;temperature.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn other words, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increasing \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;temperature always \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;results in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;means \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a faster\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increaseing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;reaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erate. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thus a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elow temperatures\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, the low reaction rates cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe actual conversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be far below the equilibrium conversion\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; because low reaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rate.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;On\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe contrary\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In contrast,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; at\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigh\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;er\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; temperatures the equilibrium\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will be more easy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeasily achieved\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Note that âbecause ofâ modifies a verb, but âdue toâ modifies a noun (or pronoun). \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;due to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;high\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereaction rate. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Figure 2 shows\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;An SEM image of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt; the Pt/mordenite zeolite catalyst \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the SEM micrography. The image\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is shown in Figure 2 and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;indicates \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the catalyst has a homogeneous morphology.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe surface area \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;plays\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; key \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;role \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalyst\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;catalytic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Higher\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;High\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface area improves the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reactant \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;adsorption\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of reactants.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalysts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;surface area \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of the catalyst \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emeasured by BET \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;surface\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eanalysis.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; The surface area of Pt/\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mordneite\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;mordenite\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ezeolites \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The subject-verb agreement requires the use of singular past tense âwasâ here since surface area is singular. Please note that âwereâ is a plural conjugation.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e296.69 m\u0026lt;sup\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sup\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gm\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;XRDs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;XRD\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; pattern of Pt/mordenite zeolite (Figure 3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexhibits the most intense diffraction peaks at 2θ = 6\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; -\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u0026lt;sup\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/sup\u0026gt;, and it thus confirmed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Ranges are presented using an en dash, not a hyphen.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;30°; the MOR \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;structure of zeolite \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as the MOR as well as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eits \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;good \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;crystalline nature \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egood. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are thus confirmed.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hydroisomerizetion\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hydroisomerization\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof pure n-pentane and n-pentane in a binary mixture of pentane isomers was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperformed by the Pt/mordenite catalyst \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;under a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; wide \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ranges\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;range\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of experimental conditions. The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hydrological \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hydro-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;conversion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproducts \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The proper use for âconsistâ is âto consist ofâ whereas for âcompriseâ it is just âcomprise(s).â For example, âthe soups comprise vegetables.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;comprise\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; both isomerization\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;creaking\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cracking\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproducts. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Hence the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efollowing subsections \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cover\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehow the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparameters \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effects with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;affect\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the catalytic performance of pure\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003en-pentane as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;feed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edemonstrated by catalytic activity and isomerization selectivity. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;after\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Then\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe isomerization of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;npentane\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n-pentane\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;bi\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;binary\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; mixture is discussed.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Figure 4 shows the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econversion of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;npentane\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Typically n-pentane is written with a hyphen. Also, since you used a hyphen earlier, the notation or spelling should be the same throughout the document.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n-pentane\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas a function of reaction temperature.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tests\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewere performed \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inside\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ean\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; H\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; environment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eat temperatures ranging from 150 \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°C to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 350 °C \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;at\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; atmosphere \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt clearly shows that the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;pressure. The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalyst \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370showed a high catalysing activity for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is seen to strongly catalyze\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the isomerization of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;npentene\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n-pentene\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparticularly in the temperature \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ranging in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;range of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 220\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; °C â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;350 °\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;C.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBecause of the low activity of the catalyst and the low reactivity of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003en-pentane, the conversion of n-pentane is negligible \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;at\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; temperatures\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebelow 180 °C. By increasing the temperature \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;at\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 180 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°C \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e220 °C, the conversion of n-pentane \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;rose\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; greatly; however, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a further\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincrease in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increasing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;temperature \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;slowly rises\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;further results in a slow\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; conversion. This \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; be caused\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eby an \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increasing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the number of sites \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe activated for the reaction when the temperatures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increase to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in the range \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 180 \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;- \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°Câ\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;220\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e°C; but, the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;rate of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;conversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increase declining \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;rate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebegins to decline for increasing temperature \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;because of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethermodynamic \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;restriction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;restrictions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; at \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;bigger\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;high\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; temperature. In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eother words, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increasing \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;temperature\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealways \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;means increaseing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;results\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein a higher \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reaction rate. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thus at\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;At\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elow \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;temperatures\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;temperature,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the actual conversion will be far\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebelow the equilibrium conversion because \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;low\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereaction rate. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;On the contrary\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrast,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; at higher \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;temperatures\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;temperature,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe equilibrium conversion will \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;be more easy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;easier\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; due to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; high reaction rate. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"åæåå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"åæåå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:52.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:08:22.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":568,"titleslug":"analytical-chemistry","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
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370width":157,"height":156,"size":7.42,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_29e448fb3c.png"}},"hash":"download_29e448fb3c","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.43,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_29e448fb3c.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-28T13:54:04.000Z","updated_at":"2024-04-15T12:55:18.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":47,"salevelone":4,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"æ©æ¢°å·¥å¦ï¼ã¡ã«ãã«ã«ã»ã¨ã³ã¸ãã¢ãªã³ã°ï¼åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãæ©æ¢°å·¥å¦ï¼ã¡ã«ãã«ã«ã»ã¨ã³ã¸ãã¢ãªã³ã°ï¼åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããæ©æ¢°ã®è¨è¨ã»è£½é ã«é¢ããæ©æ¢°å·¥å¦ããã³ãææå·¥å¦ãéåå¦ã¨ååå¦ãææåå¦ãåºä½åå¦ãªã©ãé¢é£åéã®å°éç¥èãæã¤æ ¡æ£è
ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããæ©æ¢°å·¥å¦ï¼ã¡ã«ãã«ã«ã»ã¨ã³ã¸ãã¢ãªã³ã°ï¼è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"WordSection1\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;In this paper\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Introductory prepositional phrase are separated from the main clause by a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; we \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;talk about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;discuss\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; two topics \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;covered\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;under the subject area of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; mech\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eengineering: mechanical advantage and combustion.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A given machine creates \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Mechanical\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;mechanical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;advantage (MA)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecreated by a machine\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;make possible\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enables\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effective \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the performance of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;work using less force. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;We will define as:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;MA\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis defined as follows:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;MA\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Spaces should be inserted before and after arithmetic symbols.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; = \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Output\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eforce\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nput\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eforce.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;MA is divided into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etwo categories\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"To use the colon correctly, you must make sure that sentence that c
370omes before the colon is a complete, grammatical sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eideal mechanical advantage (IMA) and actual mechanical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadvantage (AMA). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The former \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;IMA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;called\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheoretical mechanical advantage\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the MA of an ideal machine\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The second one\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;AMA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; is the MA of a real machine\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This type of MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;takes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;considers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the factors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;pertaining to the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;real world\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;energy lost in friction\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; process\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Some examples of machines that exhibit MA are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; beams, screwdrivers,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edoorknobs, pulleys\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, an oxford comma is placed before âandâ in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; , \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;screws.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In below paragraph, we\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;We \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;describe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;working\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the functioning\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Think of\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Consider a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;simple\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compound\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;comprise\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;d of\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;moveable and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a movable pulley and a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fixed pulley lifting a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eweight \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;we will call\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;designated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; The tension in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;all\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe lines\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each line\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; connecting\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;those 2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;these\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etwo\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; pulleys \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is calculated as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;A/3. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Then\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyield MA =\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This yields an MA of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;For\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In cases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewherein \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;moveable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;movable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epulley \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fixed pulley \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lifting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;lift \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;additional pulley channeling the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elifting force \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;downward\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; direction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, the tension in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;all lines \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each line is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;still \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;A/3\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370. And MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;value \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is 3\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Fixing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Adding\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; a fixed pulley to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;single\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increased mechanical advantage\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increases MA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Next in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enext topic of this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;discussion is combustion\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, that is used to introduce a restrictive clause and which a nonrestrictive clause.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e, which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esequence of exothermic \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reaction where fuels and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxidants\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions wherein a fuel and an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxidant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; react. This \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;produces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not only produces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;heat \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;but\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;chemical species that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has underwent\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eundergone\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; modification or conversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;during the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sequence of reactions. There are two\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etypes of combustion: complete and incomplete. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Complete\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The former type of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; combustion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, information is presented with accuracy and concise
370ness. Formal language is a hallmark of academic English. One way to ensure conciseness in expression is converting phrasal verbs to formal words. In this instance, âtakes placeâ is replaced with âoccurs.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; takes place\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;presence of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sufficient oxygen\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; levels.But\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;limited number\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of products \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;come\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are produced\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reactent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombusting. In incomplete\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactant that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis undergoing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; combustion\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. In contrast, in the latter type, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;insufficient\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxygen is available for the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reactent.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactant.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;products\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;incomplete\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombustion \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;usually \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are unhealthy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;harmful\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto health\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;In this paper\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Introductory prepositional phrase are separated from the main clause by a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; we \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370talk about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;discuss\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; two topics \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;covered\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;under the subject area of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; mech\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eengineering: mechanical advantage and combustion.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;Mechanicaladvantage\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(MA) is created by a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;given \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;machine that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;make possible\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enables\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effective \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperformance of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;work using less force\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. We\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewill define as:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; it is defined as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efollows:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;MA\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; = \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Output\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eforce\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nput\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eforce.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;MA is divided into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etwo categories\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Introductory prepositional phrase are separated from the main clause by a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eideal mechanical advantage (IMA) and actual mechanical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadvantage (AMA). The former is called theoretical mechanical advantage\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMA of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Because the a and an mean one, they cannot be used with
370noncount nouns; therefore, âmachinesâ was revised to âmachineâ herein.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ean ideal machine\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;second one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;latter \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;called \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the MA of a real machine\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This type of MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;takes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;considers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the factors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;pertaining to the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;real world\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;energy lost in friction\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; process\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Some examples of machines that exhibit MA are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; beams, screwdrivers,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edoorknobs, pulleys\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, an oxford comma is placed before âandâ in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;screws.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In below paragraph, we\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;We \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;describe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;working\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the functioning\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Think of\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Consider a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;simple\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compound\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;comprising \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;comprised of\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;moveable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a movable pulley and a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fixed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epulley lifting a weight \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;we will call\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;designated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; The tension in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;all\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe lines\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each line\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; connecting\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;those 2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;these\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etwo\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; pulleys \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is calculated as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;A/3. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Then\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyield MA =\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This yields an MA of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;For\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In cases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewherein \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;moveable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;movable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epulley \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fixed pulley \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lifting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;lift \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;additional pulley channeling the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elifting force \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;downward\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; direction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, the tension in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;all lines \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each line is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;still \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;A/3\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370. And MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;value \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is 3\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Fixing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Adding\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; a fixed pulley to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;single\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increased mechanical advantage\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increases MA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Next in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enext topic of this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;discussion is combustion\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, that is used to introduce a restrictive clause and which a nonrestrictive clause.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e, which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esequence of exothermic \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reaction where fuels and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxidants\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions wherein a fuel and an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxidant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; react. This \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;produces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not only produces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;heat \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;but\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;chemical species that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has underwent\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eundergone\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; modification or conversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;during the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sequence of reactions. There are two\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etypes of combustion: complete and incomplete. Complete combustion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, information is presented with accuracy and concise
370ness. Formal language is a hallmark of academic English. One way to ensure conciseness in expression is converting phrasal verbs to formal words. In this instance, âtakes placeâ is replaced with âoccurs.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;takes place\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;presence of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sufficient oxygen\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; levels.But\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;limited number\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of products \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;come\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are produced\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reactent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombusting. In incomplete\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactant that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis undergoing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; combustion\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. In contrast, in incomplete combustion, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;insufficient\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxygen is available for the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reactent.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactant.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;products\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;incomplete\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombustion \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;usually \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are unhealthy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;harmful\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto health\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"æ©æ¢°å·¥å¦ï¼ã¡ã«ãã«ã«ã»ã¨ã³ã¸ãã¢ãªã³ã°ï¼åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"æ©æ¢°å·¥å¦ï¼ã¡ã«ãã«ã«ã»ã¨ã³ã¸ãã¢ãªã³ã°ï¼åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:08:39.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":726,"titleslug":"mechanical-engineering","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":161,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering_69a9d59a23","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":161.14,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering_69a9d59a23.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:39.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:39.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":173,"name":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering_27aaeec891","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":162.26,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering_27aaeec891.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:41.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:41.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"æ©æ¢°å·¥å¦"},{"id":96,"salevelthree":{"id":718,"name":"Electronics Engineering (é»åå·¥å¦)","saleveltwo":36,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-28T13:54:56.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":960,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"ã¢ã¤ã³ã³ï¼ãã¦ã³ãã¼ã","caption":"","width":175,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_8856f9b226","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
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å ±å·¥å¦ã黿°å·¥å¦ãªã©ãå種åéã®å°éç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ãæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããé»åå·¥å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;THE \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;ZIGBEE\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePROTOCOL\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The original sentence describes that Zigbee standard and Zigbee Alliance are two different charters that unite to form a cluster of companies. There are many errors in this statement: (a) has been come is an incorrect tense; the more appropriate phrase can be has been developed/was developed by; (b) they made up is incorrect; the better phrasing can be Zigbee is a group of companies in the fields of.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Zigbee Alliance is a group of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompanies specializing in semiconductors, software development, and original\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eequipment manufacturers (OEMs) that has created the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Zig\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; standard\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has been come with with the ZigBee Alliance, they made\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eup many member companies, from semiconducting industry and software developers\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The ZigBee \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;standards\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;designed \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to ensure \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inexpensive\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;low cost\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ness\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, low\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The hyphen in between is not necessary. Low is an adjective to the noun power; a compound low-power is oftentimes an adjective. For example, low-power system.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epower\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elow\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;data\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rate networking. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Devices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ZigBee \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;devices \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;operate in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;industries\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;industrial\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;science \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;scientific,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and medical (ISM) radio \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;banding\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;bands\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;: 868 MHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Europe, 915 MHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;North America\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and 2.4 GHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e[2] The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ZigBee \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;standard operates \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIEEE 802.15.4 physical radio specific\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The specifics \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;describe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe physical layer (PHY) protocol functions \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the interactions with the medium access\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrol \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;layer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(MAC) layer\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"For brevity, we can remove this portion and substitute with a conjunction.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Moreover, it also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edefines the minimum hardware-level requirements\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the receiver sensitivity and the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransmitter output power. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;odulations used in IEEE 802.15.4 are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;BPSK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;binary phase shift keying\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (BPSK)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ASK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;amplitude shift keying\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (ASK),\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;O-QPSK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;offset quadrature phase shift\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ekeying\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (O-QPSK)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. [2]\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"One is a singular indefinite pronoun in this case; it should agree with a singular verb.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;One\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; of the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;major\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;benefits \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Zig\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the low cost\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;allows\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wide \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wide range \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;deployed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;applications \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewireless monitoring and control. ZigBee devices can activate (pass from sleep\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emode to active mode) in a very quick time (15 \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Units are usually abbreviated when reporting numerical information.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;ms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;econds\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eso \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;they\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehave been allotted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sleep\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; most\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; time\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026
370lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This makes it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epossible to have a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;preserving the use of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epower and thus, providing them \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;long-lasting battery life\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;typically \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lasting\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor years.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Master\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;slave is a model \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunication protocol that involves \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;device or \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;process\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;known \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;as the master) controlling one or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emore devices or processes (\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;known \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;slaves). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eafter th\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Here,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e master/slave association was set up, the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;direction of control \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will always be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealways \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from the master\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to the slaves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to the slaves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ystems \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;built in the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hardware component\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of ZigBee devices comprise\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;created it has two parts respecting to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethis model: a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Master \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;model \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;module \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and a Slave \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;model\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;module\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;
370span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Brevity and conciseness is important for journals due to space allocation for accepted manuscripts. Clarity of thoughts and consistency are also major factors in creating a fluent and effective text.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;The slave \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;system\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;device \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eplaced in the field \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and will\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to measure\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; count \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;humidity, temperature\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;light \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;intensity\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; data, which are then\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; light.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis data will be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; transmitted over \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;air\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Zig\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Bee,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to the master \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;system\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;device\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Upon receipt, the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;master device \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;travels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sends \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;transmitted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;data to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a personal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecomputer (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;PC\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;) for real-time processing.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; where it will be processed in real.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;THE \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;ZIGBEE\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePROTOCOL\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;The ZigBee standard has been \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;created \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;come with with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the ZigBee Alliance\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;they made up \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis a group of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;many member companies, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;including\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;semiconduct\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eindustry\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;software developers\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;se\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;standards \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;designed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inexpensive\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;low cost\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ness\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, low\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The hyphen in between is not necessary. Low is an adjective to the noun power; a compound low-power is oftentimes an adjective. For example, low-power system.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;power\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and low\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;data\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enetworking. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Devices of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ZigBee \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;devices \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;operate in the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;industries\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;industrial\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;science \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;scientific, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emedical (ISM) radio \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;banding\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;bands\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;: 868 MHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Europe, 915 MHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;North America\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and 2.4 GHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e[2] The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ZigBee \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;standard operates \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIEEE 802.15.4 physical radio specific\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;specifics \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;specification \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;describe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe physical layer (PHY) protocol functions \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the interactions with the medium access\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrol \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;layer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(MAC) layer.\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"For brevity, we can remove this portion and substitute with a conjunction.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Moreover, it also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; defines the minimum hardware-level requirements\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereceiver sensitivity and the transmitter output power. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;odulations\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eused in IEEE 802.15.4 are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;BPSK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;binary\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephase shift keying\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (BPSK)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ASK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;amplitude\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshift keying\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(ASK),\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;O-QPSK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;offset\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003equadrature phase shift keying\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (O-QPSK)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. [2] \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"One is a singular indefinite pronoun in this case; it should agree with a singular verb.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;One\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; of the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;major\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;benefits \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Zig\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the low cost that allows for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wide \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;deployed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein wireless monitoring and control. ZigBee devices can activate (pass from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esleep mode to active mode) in a very quick time (15 \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Units are usually abbreviated when reporting numerical information.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;ms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;econds\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; therefore,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;so \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;they can sleep most of the time\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This makes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;making\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit possible to have a long-lasting battery life\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;typically \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lasting for years.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Master\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;slave is a model \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u002
3706gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunication protocol that involves \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;device or \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;process\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;known \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;as the master) controlling one or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emore devices or processes (\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;known \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;slaves). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However, a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fter the master/slave association \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;set\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eup, the direction of control \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will always be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is always \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from the master\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to the slaves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eslaves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. In the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;created \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;systems\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hardware\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecomponent \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;created it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has two parts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;respecting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;corresponding\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to this model: \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Master \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;model \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;module \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea Slave \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;model\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;module\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;The slave \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;system\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;device \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eplaced in the field \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and will\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to measure\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; count \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;humidity,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etemperature\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;light \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;intensity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; light\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis data \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; transmitted over \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;air\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Zig\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Bee,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe master \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;system\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;device\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. The master device \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;travels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;passes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;transmitted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;data to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;PC\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; for real-time processing.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; where it will be processed in real.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"é»åå·¥å¦ï¼ã¨ã¬ã¯ãããã¯ã¹ã»ã¨ã³ã¸ãã¢ãªã³ã°ï¼åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"é»åå·¥å¦ï¼ã¨ã¬ã¯ãããã¯ã¹ã»ã¨ã³ã¸ãã¢ãªã³ã°ï¼åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:56.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:09:07.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":718,"titleslug":"electronics-engineering","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
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åºãåéã®å°éç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ãããææç§å¦ã»ææå·¥å¦ã«é¢ããè«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Adding surface-active materials such as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enanoparticles is an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;One of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Newborn is an informal word to describe the noun method; there are better formal alternatives, i.e., emerging.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;newborn \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;emerging \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;method\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;create \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;creating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wettability\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealteration\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; is adding certain surface-active\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ematerials, including nanoparticles\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Nanotechnology \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has the potential to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eintroduce revolutionary changes in several areas of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;oil and gas industry, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for example \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;exploration, production, enhanced oil\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecovery, and refining (Shah, 2009). Nanoparticles \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edefined as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; surface\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;active\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eagents\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethey have\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; a very small\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparticle size, which helps them pe
370netrate into the pore volume of porous media,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estick on the core surface, and\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by creating homogeneous water-wet area, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface energy more than the surface tension of water\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt; by creating homogeneous water-wet area\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thus\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;With this scheme\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Newborn is an informal word to describe the noun method; there are better formal alternatives, i.e., emerging.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe wettability is altered to water-wet and oil is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pulled\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eout\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;extracted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from the core\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Recently, only a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Only a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;few studies have been \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;carried out\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conducted\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecently, whereas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and still a lot of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;several\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; questions on the influence of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enanoparticles on \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;spontaneous imbibition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;SI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, wettability alteration, and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;possible improvement of oil recovery \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Note that the use of have been implies a present perfect progressive tense, whereas the use of remained implies a simple past tense. The use of both these tense together is incorrect.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;have been remained \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;remain\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;unanswered. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Clark et al. (1990) found that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhen an aqueous metal was added into the process, the heavy oil viscosity was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efurther reduced. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cacciola et al. (1993) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reported\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;described \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edemonstrate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;benign\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity, selectivity, and stability for th\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edehydrogenation of cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane. Ali et al. (2004) and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTemple et al. (2005) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was investigated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investigated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the effect of nanoparticles on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elowering the permeability of shale in drilling fields\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;found that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Nanoparticles\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;succeeded in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblocking water inversion and decreasing the strength of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;shale wall. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Reconstructed to maintain consistency in the writing style, for example, Zhang (2010) and Cacciola et al. (1993) are introduced at the beginning of the sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;Zhang (2010)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003easserted that no straining of nanoparticles occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;When \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;pass\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrough porous media\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, there is no straining of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enanoparticles (Zhang, 2010)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, whereas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This sentence (due its content similarity with the preceding sentence) has been moved here to improve flow and transition.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-move-to:move12181515;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-move-author:Author;mso-move-date:20190623T1124\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a style=\"mso-comment-reference:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003er_1;mso-comment-date:20190902T1219\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt;Yu et al. (2010) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;found\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;claimed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;should be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eroughly \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt; orders of magnitude\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esmaller to be able to pass through \u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt;
370porous media.\u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a style=\"mso-comment-reference:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003er_1;mso-comment-date:20190902T1219\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-move-to:move12181515;mso-move-author:Author;mso-move-date:20190623T1124\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"MsoCommentReference\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:8.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportAnnotations]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a class=\"msocomanchor\" id=\"_anchor_1\" onmouseover=\"msoCommentShow('_anchor_1','_com_1')\" onmouseout=\"msoCommentHide('_com_1')\" href=\"#_msocom_1\" language=\"JavaScript\" name=\"_msoanchor_1\"\u0026gt;[r1]\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-special-character:comment\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Fan et al. (2009) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;studied \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;experimentally \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;experiments\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;using ionic liquids to upgrade heavy oil\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ionic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;liquids could decrease the viscosity, average\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emolecular weight, and asphaltene content of the heavy oil. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Similarly, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Chen et al. (2009) studied the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eviscosity reduction of nanoparticles in the catalytic aqua-thermolysis of heavy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoil. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Clark et al. (1990) revealed further reduction\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the heavy oil viscosity when an aqueous metal was added into the process.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-move-from:move12181515;mso-move-author:Author;mso-move-date:20190623T1124\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a style=\"mso-comment-reference:r_2;mso-comment-date:20190902T1219\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoDel\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;del cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-from:yes\"\u0026gt;Yu et al. (2010) found nanoparticles are roughly 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eorders of magnitude smaller to be able to pass through porous media\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/del\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-move-from:move12181515;mso-move-author:Author;mso-move-date:20190623T1124\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"MsoCommentReference\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:8.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportAnnotations]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a class=\"msocomanchor\" id=\"_anchor_2\" onmouseover=\"msoCommentShow('_anchor_2','_com_2')\" onmouseout=\"msoCommentHide('_c
370om_2')\" href=\"#_msocom_2\" language=\"JavaScript\" name=\"_msoanchor_2\"\u0026gt;[r2]\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-special-character:comment\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;One of the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Newborn is an informal word to describe the noun method; there are better formal alternatives, i.e., emerging.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;newborn \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;emerging \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;methods \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;create \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;creating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wettability alteration is adding certain\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface-active materials, including nanoparticles. Nanotechnology has the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epotential to introduce revolutionary changes in several areas of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;oil and gas industry, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for example \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;exploration, production, enhanced oil recovery, and refining\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Shah, 2009). \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;By definition, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Nanoparticles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are defined as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; surface-active agents, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;because \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;they\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehave a very small particle size, which helps them penetrate into the pore\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evolume of porous media, stick on the core surface, and, by creating homogeneous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewater-wet area, increase surface energy more than the surface tension of water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thus\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;With this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003escheme \u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Clauses are normally proceeded by a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the wettability is altered to water-wet and oil is pulled\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eout from the core surface. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Recently, only a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Only a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;few studies have been \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;carried out\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conducted\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecently, whereas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and still a lot of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;several\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; questions on the influence of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enanoparticles on SI, wettability alteration, and the possible improvement of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoil recovery \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have been remained \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;remain \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;unanswered. Clark et al. (1990) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;found \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;revealed further\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereduction in the heavy oil viscosity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;when an aqueous metal was added into the process\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, the heavy oil viscosity was further reduced\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCacciola et al. (1993) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;described \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edemonstrate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;benign\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity, selectivity, and stability for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emethylcyclohexane. Ali et al. (2004) and Temple et al. (2005) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was investigated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investigated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe effect of nanoparticles on lowering the permeability of shale in drilling\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efields\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;found that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Nanoparticles\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;succeeded in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblocking water inversion and decreasing the strength of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;shale wall. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Reconstructed to maintain consistency in the writing style, i.e., Zhang (2010), Cacciola et al. (1993), etc. are introduced at the beginning of the sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; Zhang (2010) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003easserted that no straining of nanoparticles occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;When \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;pass\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrough porous media\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, there is no straining of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enanoparticles (Zhang, 2010)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Fan et al. (2009) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;studied \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;experimentally \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;experiments\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;using ionic liquids to upgrade heavy oil\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ionic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;liquids could decrease the viscosity, average\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emolecular weight, and asphaltene content of the heavy oil. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Similarly, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Chen et al. (2009) studied the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eviscosity reduction of nanoparticles in the catalytic aqua-thermolysis of heavy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoil. Yu et al. (2010) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;found \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;claimed that the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;should be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;roughly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;orders\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof magnitude smaller to be able to pass through \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370porous media.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ææç§å¦ã»å·¥å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"ææç§å¦ã»å·¥å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:59.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:09:21.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":832,"titleslug":"material-science-engineering","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":224,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Material Science_\u0026_Engineering_(Others).pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Material_Science_and_Engineering_Others_274bb43884","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":266.24,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Material_Science_and_Engineering_Others_274bb43884.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:56.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:56.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":226,"name":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Material Science_\u0026_Engineering_(Others).pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Material_Science_and_Engineering_Others_5b4c46ed92","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":268.59,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Material_Science_and_Engineering_Others_5b4c46ed92.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:57.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:57.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ææç§å¦å·¥å¦"}]},{"id":4,"title":"çµæ¸å¦ã»ãã¸ãã¹","description":"\u003cp\u003eçµæ¸å¦ã»çµå¶å¦ã»ãã¸ãã¹ã®åéã«ããã¦ãã¨ãã´ã§ã¯å¦è¡è«æã¯ãã¡ããã財åå ±åæ¸ãå¦è¡æ¸ç±ãªã©ã®è±ææ ¡æ£ã«ã対å¿ãã¦ãã¾ãã è±å¯ãªå®ç¸¾ã¨é«ãå質ã§å¦è¡çã»ç£æ¥çã®çæ§ããåãä¿¡é ¼ãããã ãã¦ãããTaylor \u0026amp; FrancisãSAGEãªã©å¤§æå¦è¡åºç社ãçºè¡ããã¸ã£ã¼ãã«ãåè¡ç©ã«è«æãæ¸ç±ãçºè¡¨ããç ç©¶è
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ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããçµæ¸å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;It is definitely advantageous to\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The advantage is being the first to enter the market. Hence, this information has been moved to an earlier instance, highlighting its importance. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be the first to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenter a market\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; first\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;provided\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;if\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the market is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003easymmetry \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;asymmetrical\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in market\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures structural accuracy in sentences while adding conciseness and retaining the authorâs intended meaning.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Largely\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edepending on its resources, a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompany \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;should be able to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; make \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an informed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;expert \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;decision\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;whether\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeing the first to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;entering \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enter \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an emerging market is worth the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sorrow to invest money\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This decision would largely depend on their resources\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Companies\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A company \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;adopt \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;adopts \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efirst-mover strategy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;constantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;attemp\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ts\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This part has been rearranged to clearly convey that resources are used to create projects.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;make more\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;use its\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt;resources \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to produce more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproducts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;before \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the follower\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;followers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;arrives\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;arrive\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; on scene. However, if \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;follower\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is able to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe ability to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; develop resources \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;better than those of the first mover,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Good flow in sentences is necessary along with clarity in academic editing. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;nothing prevent\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe follower from seizing \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;market share. The durability of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the entering-mover\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epioneerâs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; competitive advantage depends \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A split infinitive has been introduced here with the use of ânot onlyâ¦but alsoâ to avoid redundancy in the use of âon.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;not only \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;initial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresources \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the pioneer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;but \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe resources \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;develops \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;progressively\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edevelops\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;It is definitely advantageous to \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The advantage is being the first to enter the market. Hence, this information has been moved to an earlier instance, highlighting its importance. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be the first to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;enter a market\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; first\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, provided \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;there\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;asymmetry in market. A company \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;should be able to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emake \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A company may not be âexpertâ even with information. Hence, this has been revised to âinformed.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;informed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;expert \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edecision \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;whether\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeing the first to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;entering \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enter \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an emerging market is worth the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sorrow to invest money\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis decision \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;would \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;largely \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;depend \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;depends \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;resources.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Companies\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A company \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;adopt \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;adopts \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efirst-mover strategy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;constantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;attemp\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ts\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This part has been rearranged to clearly convey that resources are used to create projects.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;make more\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;use its\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt;resources \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to produce more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;products\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;before \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the follower\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;followers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;arrives\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;arrive\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; on scene. However, if \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;follower\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis able to develop resources that are better than those of the first mover,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethere is nothing preventing the follower from seizing \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;market share. The durability of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the entering-mover\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epioneerâs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; competitive advantage depends \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A split infinitive has been introduced here with the use of ânot onlyâ¦but alsoâ to avoid redundancy in the use of âon.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;not only \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;initial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresources \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the pioneer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;but \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; the resources \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it develops\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprogressively.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"çµæ¸å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"çµæ¸å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:11:03.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":39,"titleslug":"ec
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ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããããã¼ã±ãã£ã³ã°ã«é¢ããè«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity. The sentence has been divided into two to introduce clarity and better formal expression.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe most comprehensive description of the general context \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;requires\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, one form or another, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;doctors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;creating\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to create \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;personal brand\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Iordache Iordache \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Lordache \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and Breda (2013\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;). The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;description \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;refers \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;includes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;four contexts: \u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;technological, global, local, and informational.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; In the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Technological \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;technological\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;context\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;access to technology, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by both doctors\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and doctors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, can \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;become\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a competitive advantage\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Emphasizing the correct information is necessary to clearly convey the intended meaning. We have revised this instance to add emphasize the point made by the author.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, sometimes even more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimportant than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;previous \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;knowledge gained by the doctor. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"âAndâ should not be used to start a sentence in formal writing as it is used more in spoken English. We have deleted it.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnd\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e, as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;As\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etechnology becomes more widely available, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;doctor \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be differentiated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;through something else to his\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;from his\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eor her\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; colleagues\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to attract\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to services provided by him; -\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. In the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;global\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtext\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"When the dependent clause comes before the independent clause, use a comma to separate the two.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; , \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRomania\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The subject of the sentence should be clearly mentioned for clarity among readers. Here, we have revised âitâ to âmedical professionalsâ to clearly mention the subject.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;medical professionals\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have started\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehasbegun to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etalk\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; about\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emedical tourism.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures that the sentence structure is made concise and formal while maintaining the meaning.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370It is known that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The reputations of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; Romanian doctors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reputation went\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;travel\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; far beyond the country\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and patients from \u0026lt;br\u0026gt;other countries may travel to Romania to seek better care. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;-The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; local context\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;encompasses \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;everything\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat happens in the political, social, economic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand financial environment\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;even \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Even \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emedia serves to influence the Romanian health system. Doctors should therefore \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;take into account\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;consider\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethese areas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; these\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;changes to build\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;when\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebuilding\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a better\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;their\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;picture \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;image \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;-I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In the i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nformational \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;background\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;context, the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;development\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Internet \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;internet \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esocial media \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;allow \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;provides \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;potential patients \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;access to information\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; patients today are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einformed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;practically every patient thinks\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehe knows everything \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;about\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using âaboutâ here was highly redundant, which should not be used in academic manuscripts. We have deleted it from all the instances in this part.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;his \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;symptoms, potential \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;illness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emost effective treatments\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;doctors\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;healthcare\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproviders\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eC\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; consequently\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;onsequently,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;these patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;appear \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;come to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;before \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;doctor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith a certain level of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;knowledge and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;expectation.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;The most comprehensive description of the general context \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;requires\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A normal edit ensures that extra information is removed from the text, retaining only the necessary text in order to keep it concise.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, one form or another, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;doctors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;creating\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to create \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a personal brand\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Iordache Iordache \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Lordache \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and Breda (2013\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;refers \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;includes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efour contexts.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; In the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Technological \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;technological \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;context\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;access to technology, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients and doctors, can \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;become \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompetitive advantage\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; more important\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethan \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;previous \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;knowledge gained by the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edoctor. \u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"âAndâ should not be used to start a sentence in formal writing as it is used more in spoken English. We have deleted it.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnd\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e, as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;As\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; technology becomes more widely available, the doctor \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edifferentiated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through something else to his\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;from their\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; colleagues\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto attract patients\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to services provided by him; -\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. In the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;global\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtext\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRomania\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The subject of the sentence should be clearly mentioned for clarity among readers.Here, we have revised âitâ to âmedical professionalsâ to clearly mention the subject.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, medical professionals\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it has\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebegun to talk about medical tourism. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370It is known that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The reputations of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; Romanian doctors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reputation went\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;travel\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efar beyond the country. The local context encompasses everything that happens\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the political, social, economic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, a comma (called serial or Oxford comma) is inserted before 'and' in a series of three or more items.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efinancial environment; even the media serves to influence the Romanian health\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem. Doctors should therefore \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;take into account\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;consider these areas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethese\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;changes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to build a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebetter \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;picture \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;image \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among patients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;-I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In the i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nformational \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;background\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;context, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Internet \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;internet \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and social media allow potential\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;access to information\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;practically every \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patient\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;today \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370thinks he \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;know\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;everything \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;about\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using âaboutâ here was highly redundant, which should not be used in academic manuscripts. We have deleted it from all the instances in this part.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;his \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;symptoms,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epotential \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;illness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the most effective treatments, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;doctors\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;healthcare providers\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; consequently\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;onsequently,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethese patients \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;appear \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;come to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;before \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;doctor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith a certain level of expectation.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ãã¼ã±ãã£ã³ã°åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"ãã¼ã±ãã£ã³ã°åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:11:39.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":9,"titleslug":"marketing","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":221,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Marketing.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Marketing_3bbd36f7e1","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":221.86,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Marketing_3bbd36f7e1.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:53.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:54.000Z"}
370,"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":252,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Marketing.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Marketing_1b949a96af","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":235.16,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Marketing_1b949a96af.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ãã¼ã±ãã£ã³ã°"},{"id":100,"salevelthree":{"id":7,"name":"Management (çµå¶å¦)","saleveltwo":6,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-15T07:51:07.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":787,"name":"management_fb1d304464.png","alternativeText":"ããã¸ã¡ã³ã","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_management_fb1d304464.png","hash":"thumbnail_management_fb1d304464_64061756fa","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":6.49,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_management_fb1d304464_64061756fa.png"}},"hash":"management_fb1d304464_64061756fa","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.28,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/management_fb1d304464_64061756fa.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-03-23T11:57:24.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:49:51.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":58,"salevelone":1,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"çµå¶å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãçµå¶å¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããçµç¹è¡åå¦ãéå¶ããã³æ
å ±ç®¡çããã¯ãçµæ¸ãªã©ã®å°éåéã«é¢ãã修士å·ãå士å·ãæã¤æ ¡æ£è
ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããçµå¶å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Extensive sentence restructuring has been performed here to ensure coherence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;The r\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;R\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;etail sector \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is rapidly transforming and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that is sure to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprojected to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;show \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;display its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;highest growth in the coming five\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyear\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Thus,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The sector is rapidly transforming , with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;cur\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;r\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ent players and new\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;entrants \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;prepare \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are preparing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to explore market\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the upcoming m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;omentous \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;market growth\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat will result from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Growth are expected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the organized retail sector; due to the rapid \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;incr\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ea\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ae\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsumer demand and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;availability of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereal estate.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A minus sign (-) instead of a hyphen (-) can should be used to indicate negative values.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;Moreover thanks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Owing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;reach of media\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the abundance of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;high\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisposable income\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;availability of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;variety\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof brands and services, consumer\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebecome \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;more\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eambitious and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;aware and are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;only\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;seeking only\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;seek\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the best.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; Thus\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;As a result \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;, both brands and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;retailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;needto \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;expand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;grow and evolve \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;further\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein order \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to provide the right combination\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof price, product differentiation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;experience\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and service to consumers.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;There are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;approximately \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;200\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;new\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emalls, 1400\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;supermarkets\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026amp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;400 department store\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; currently under construction\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in India\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Many retailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are approaching with a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emade\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; huge investments\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026nbsp;Most\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; forecast\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;say \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;state \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sector\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;shaltouch to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;will\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereach\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; US\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;$\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 500\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;700 billion by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyear of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;2012\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Over next few years\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia will witness many \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;retale \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;retail \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;busines\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;es\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gaining\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reach\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecritical mass \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as growth in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with their growth in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; industry\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; expedite\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370, driven by the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;major aspects such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;availability of quality real\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eestate\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, improved \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;mall-management\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epractices\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and consumer\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;preference \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;bias \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for shopping \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;new environments. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Future\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConcerns\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A minus sign (-) instead of a hyphen (-) can should be used to indicate negative values.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;No difference\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eamong the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;all\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; homogeneity.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can be possibly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; countered \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elooking at\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; specialization\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;Little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Small \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;inventory turn\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estock availability \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;measures which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;make it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimportant for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;retailers to enhance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;operati\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ns\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;No integration and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecoordination of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;operations of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;retailer\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and supplier\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoperations\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEfficient \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inventory \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;practices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Text has been edited for conciseness\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;followed on the auto and auto-component\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;used by the auto\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; industr\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecould be \u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ies can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimplemented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;leveraged\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370 for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eefficient supply-chain management\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Lack of supplier\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresponsibility\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in terms of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eschedules and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;delivering the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;accurate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003equantit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y delivery.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y ordered;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;ales tax laws\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eretailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;face \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;state\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;level procurement and storage \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;taxes, which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lead\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; them\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;retailers having\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;maintain\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher inventory. VAT has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;brought slight ease;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;eased this a bit.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Major gaps in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;areas of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;supply chain and customer relations\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;adopted by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;merchandising,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efacilities management\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026amp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; vendor development\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. P\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: p\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;roactive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etraining is essential for addressing these \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370developmental \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;area\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;Retail \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;retail \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;sector \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sure \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;projected \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to show \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;highest growth in the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;coming \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;next \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;five year\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe sector is rapidly transforming\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe cur\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;r\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ent players and new\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;entrants \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;prepare \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;preparing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexplore \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;market. Momentous \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;G\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;rowth \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;expected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the organized retail sector\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;due \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;owing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe rapid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;incraesing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increasing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; consumer demand and availability of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereal estate.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;Moreover thanks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Owing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;reach of media\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the abundance of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;high\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisposable income\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;availability of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;variety\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof brands and services, consumer\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebecome more aware and are seeking only \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the best.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;As a result\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eboth brands and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;retailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;needto \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;expand\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efurther in order to provide the right combination\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof price, product differentiation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;experience\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and service to consumers.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;There are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;approximately \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;200\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;new\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emalls, 1400\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;supermarkets\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026amp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;400 department store\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; currently under construction\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in India\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Many retailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are approaching with a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emade\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; huge investments\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026nbsp;Most\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; forecast\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;say \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;state \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sector\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;shaltouch to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;will\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereach\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; US\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;$\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 500\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The en dash is the correct punctuation to use with a range (âUS$ 500â700 billionâ).\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;700 billion by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyear of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;2012\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Over next few years\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia will witness many \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;retale \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;retail \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;busines\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;es\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egaining critical mass as growth in the industry\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpedite\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, driven by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;major\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003easpects such as availability of quality real estate\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimproved \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;mall-management practices\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and consumer\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;preference \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;bias\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for shopping \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;new environments. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Future\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConcerns\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"text-decoration:none\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo difference among the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;all\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; homogeneity.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis can be possibly countered by looking at specialization\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;Little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Small \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;inventory turn\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estock availability \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;measures which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;make it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimportant for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;retailers to enhance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir operati\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ns\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Copy editing ensures that all the punctuation errors are accurately corrected in a document, while correcting grammatical and stylistic errors.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;No integration and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecoordination \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;operations of retailers and suppliers\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEfficient \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inventory \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;practices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Text has been edited for conciseness.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;followed on the auto and auto-component\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;used by the auto\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; industr\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimplemented for efficient supply-chain management\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Igno
370re\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Lack of supplier\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresponsibility\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in terms of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eschedules and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;delivering the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;accurate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003equantit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y delivery.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y ordered;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;ales tax laws\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eretailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;face \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;state\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;level procurement and storage \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;taxes, which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lead\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; them\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;retailers having\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;maintain\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher inventory. VAT has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;brought slight ease;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;eased this a bit.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Major gaps in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;areas of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;supply chain and customer relations\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;adopted by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;merchandising,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efacilities management\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026amp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; vendor development\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. P\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: p\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;roactive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etraining is essential for addressing these \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370developmental \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;area\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"çµå¶å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"çµå¶å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:11:29.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":7,"titleslug":"management","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":259,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Management.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Management_163e89cf53","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":434.34,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Management_163e89cf53.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:07.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:07.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":258,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Management.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Management_d5abb0d519","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":435.06,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Management_d5abb0d519.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:06.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:06.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ããã¼ã¸ã¡ã³ã"},{"id":101,"salevelthree":{"id":994,"name":"Law (Others) (æ³å¾)","saleveltwo":48,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:12:30.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":1872,"name":"law_7ade57cae1_701b49fb75_68a423e151.webp","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":48,"height":48,"formats":null,"hash":"law_7ade57cae1_701b49fb75_68a423e151_19d1f7c4c1","ext":".webp","mime":"image/webp","size":0.9,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/law_7ade57cae1_701b49fb75_68a423e151_19d1f7c4c1.webp","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2023-04-19T16:12:25.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:12:25.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":57,"salevelone":1,"saleveltwo":48,"title":"æ³å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãæ³å¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããåæ³ã伿¥æ³ãå½éæ³ãªã©ãå«ãæ³å¦å
¨è¬ã«é¢ããå°éç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããæ³å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In Brazil, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;procedure\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;patent application \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in Brazil \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is initiated by filing an application\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eform with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the National Institute of Industrial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProperty (Portugese abbreviation: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;INPI\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in which\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involving\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe submission of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; at least an application form, draft of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edescriptions, scope of claims, abstract\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand proof of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the application fee \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;payment\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of the application fee must be submitted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures that the sentence structure is made concise and formal while maintaining the authorâs meaning. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Failure to fulfill these requirements will cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;If these requirements are not fulfilled,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; INPI \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370issue\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotification by an examiner in relation to formality\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the applicant must\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erespond \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;within 30 days.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;If the applicant fails to respond to the notification,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Failure to respond to the notification leads to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe application \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;being\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; deemed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;invalid\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Grammatical accuracy in verb and noun usage should be accurate in academic writing. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;withdraw\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;al.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;According to the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Brazilian \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;IP\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCode\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in Brazil\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, a filed patent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplication \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; publicized in the publication of unexamined\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatent applications after 18 months from the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;date of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;application\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; date\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with a consideration of a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;considering the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; high volume of the backlog\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This instance has been revised to clearly convey that âbacklogâ refers to patent applications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of patent applications \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eretained \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eINPI, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a filed patent application is typically\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epublicized after\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;this typically takes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapproximately \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;two to three\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In a range, the en-dash is used in place of a hyphen. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; 3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; years\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; from the date\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof application\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370. During the period from the date of the publication\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof unexamined patent applications until the end of examination, any third part\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe applicant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The information in the bracket has been moved outside as it is important to the text.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(for the purpose of assisting the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexamination) are allowed to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esubmit their opinions\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; for assisting the examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;An applicant \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is required to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; file a request for examination of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplication within 36 months from the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;date of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;application\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; date\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Failure to file\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea request for examination within 36 months will be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; otherwise, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;deemed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewithdrawal of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the application\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; will be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewithdrawn\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. However, an applicant \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eallowed to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; recover the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewithdrawn application by paying a predetermined fee within 60 days \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;withdrawal \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;date\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewithdrawal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Even so, i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;f\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;applicant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;still \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;fails to comply with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as well\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, the application will be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econfirmed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;withdrawn.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Further, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Formal writing should be free of redundancy and repetition. The focus of the document is on Brazilian IP Code and hence it is implied that all the conditions mentioned are of Brazil. This information has been deleted to eliminate redundancy. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;According to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe IP Code in Brazil, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ean applicant \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;given an opportunity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;allowed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto submit amendments to the draft of descriptions and scope of claims\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The purpose of an action should be mentioned clearly. Hence, the purpose of enabling clarification has been mentioned as a separate sentence. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; by the time \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;when the applicant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;he/she\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; files a request for examination\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in order to clarify or define the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This enables clarification or refining of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; contents\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;filed application. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Nevertheless\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eany amendment should be restricted to the amendment of the contents first\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisclosed at the time of filing an application. After a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; request\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; has been filed, any amendment\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeither\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eby an applicantâs spontaneous decision or by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an examinerâs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;notification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; by an examiner, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;un\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;acceptable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eif the amendment could change or expand the claimed scope of protection. In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethis sense, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the only amendment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;only amendments\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; limiting \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370claimed subject matter \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may possibly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe accepted.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;During the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;examination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;period\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of examiation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, two types of official\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotifications\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; will be issued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, i.e.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; notification by an examiner and non-final\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotification of reasons for refusal\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; will be issued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe applicant \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is required to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; respond to these notifications within 90\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edays from the date of publication of unexamined patent applications.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;To put it simply\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In simple terms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexaminerâs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;notification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by an examiner are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;generally \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;composed of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;comprises\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eformal\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; requirements such as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eviolation of requirements of clarity or a violation of support requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity. The sentence has been divided into two to introduce clarity and better formal expression. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In a case of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;If there\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a non-final notification of reasons for refusal, an application\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emay be rejected\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. This\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; typically \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;due to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;if\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a violation of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erequirements of patentability such as\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;lack of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enovel\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;y and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inventive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estep\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;invention are violated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;8\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo limit is stipulated in the number of issuable official notifications. INPI\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eannounces its decision to grant or refuse a patent in the publication of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunexamined patent applications\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thus \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;thereby \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ending\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;examination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;process\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In Brazil, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;procedure\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;patent application \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in Brazil \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is initiated by filing an application\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eform with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the National Institute of Industrial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProperty (Portugese abbreviation: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;INPI\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein which at least an application form, draft of descriptions, scope of claims,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabstract\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and proof of payment of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplication fee must be submitted. Failure to fulfill these requirements will\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecause INPI to issue a notification by an examiner in relation to formality\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, to which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" A semicolon is stronger than a comma but weaker than a period. When two independent sentences are closely connected in meaning and no coordinating conjunction is present, a semicolon can be used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplicant must respond \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;within 30\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edays. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;If the applicant fails to respond to the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotification,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Failure to respond to the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotification leads to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the application \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;being\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; deemed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;invalid and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Grammatical accuracy in verb and noun usage should be accurate in academic writing. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;withdraw\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;al.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;According to the IP Code in Brazil, a filed patent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplication \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; publicized in the publication of unexamined\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatent applications after 18 months from the date of application. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with a consideration of a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;considering the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; high volume of the backlog \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This instance has been revised to clearly convey that âbacklogâ refers to patent applications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of patent applications \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;retained \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eINPI, a filed patent application is typically publicized after approximately \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;two to three\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2â3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyears\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; from the date of application\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring the period from the date of the publication of unexamined patent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplications until the end of examination, any third part\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe applicant \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The information in the bracket has been moved outside as it is important to the text.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(for the purpose of assisting the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexamination) are allowed to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esubmit their opinions\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; for assisting the examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;An applicant is required to file a request for examination of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe application within 36 months from the date of application. Failure to file\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea request for examination within 36 months will be deemed withdrawal of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplication. However, an applicant \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is allowed to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; recover the withdrawn application by paying a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epredetermined fee within 60 days \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;withdrawal \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;date\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of the withdrawal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Even so, i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;f\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;applicant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;still \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;fails to comply with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as well\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, the application will be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econfirmed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;withdrawn.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Further, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Formal writing should be free of redundancy and repetition. The focus of the document is on Brazilian IP Code and hence it is implied that all the conditions mentioned are of Brazil. This information has been deleted to eliminate redundancy. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;According to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe IP Code in Brazil, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;an applicant \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;given an opportunity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;allowed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto submit amendments to the draft of descriptions and scope of claims by the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etime \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;when the applicant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;he/she\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; files a request for examination, in order\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto clarify or define the contents of filed application. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Nevertheless\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eany amendment should be restricted to the amendment of the contents first\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisclosed at the time of filing an application. After a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; request\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; has been filed, any amendment\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Along with language and grammar accuracy, a normal edit ensures enhance usage of punctuation such as em-dashes to replace the conventional commas.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeither\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eby an applicantâs spontaneous decision or by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an examinerâs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;notification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; by an examiner, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;un\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;acceptable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eif the amendment could change or expand the claimed scope of protection. In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethis sense, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the only amendment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;only amendments\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; limiting \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370claimed subject matter \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may possibly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe accepted.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;During the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;examination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;period\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of examiation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, two types of official\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotifications\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; will be issued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, i.e.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; notification by an examiner and non-final\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotification of reasons for refusal\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; will be issued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe applicant \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is required to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; respond to these notifications within 90\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edays from the date of publication of unexamined patent applications.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;To put it simply\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In simple terms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexaminerâs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;notification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by an examiner are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;generally \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;composed of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;comprises\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eformal\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; requirements such as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eviolation of requirements of clarity or a violation of support requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity. The sentence has been divided into two to introduce clarity and better formal expression. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea case of a non-final notification of reasons for refusal, an application may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe rejected\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. This\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; typically \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;due to a violation of the requirements of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatentability such as\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;lack of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enovel\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;y and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inventive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estep\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;invention\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo limit is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estipulated in the number of issuable official notifications. INPI announces its\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edecision to grant or refuse a patent in the publication of unexamined patent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplications\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;thus \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;thereby \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ending the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;examination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;process\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexamination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"æ³å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"æ³å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:11:57.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":58,"titleslug":"law","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":208,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Law.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Law_3a996084ee","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":186.96,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Law_3a996084ee.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":207,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Law.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Law_35ff7fca51","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":184.72,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Law_35ff7fca51.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"æ³å¾"},{"id":102,"salevelthree":{"id":76,"name":"Game Theory (ã²ã¼ã çè«)","saleveltwo":7,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-23T12:12:40.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":789,"name":"game_theory_58e8ec4662.png","alternativeText":"ã¢ã¤ã³ã³ï¼ãã§ã¹ã®ã³ãï¼é¦¬ï¼","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_game_theory_58e8ec4662.png","hash":"thumbnail_game_theory_58e8ec4662_a3f2e18556","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
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åºãåéã®å°éç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ãããã²ã¼ã çè«ã«é¢ããè«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Introduction\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Game theory has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;excisted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;existed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emillennia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using 'and has' here makes the two verb phrases equivalent.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and has\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; been\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;applied to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;many \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;several \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;forms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;situations\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ranging from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexample,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; historical events \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;such as Spainsâ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Spainâs\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rebellion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;against \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Rome in 75 BCE \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;[\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;McCain\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;2010\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;]), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;biological models \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;such\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas natural selection\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, market\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenvironments (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;oligopoly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;oligopolies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, politics (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;election\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebidding), and computer science\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This phrase is not needed, it is more conversational.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to name few\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis field of applied mathematic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecaptures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;behaviour \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We have followed American English spellings throughout the document.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;behavior \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein strategic situations (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;called \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;games\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;), wherein the success (payoff) of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe choice made by an individual \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;player\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;) is dependent on the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choiceesmade \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;choices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emade \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by others\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;players) (Myerson, 1991)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;The three main mathematical models\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof games are the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;extensive\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;coalition \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures that the sentence structure is made concise and formal while maintaining the authorâs meaning.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The bases of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edifference in one of these models is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediffer in terms of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the amount of detail provided\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e.g., \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the players, their preferences, their\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einformation, the strategic actions available to them\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand how these influence the outcome\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;?\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epaper\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Herein\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, we describe the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form and study \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the underlying \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;phenomena\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; business management\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; case\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of management\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;labor negotiation at\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; an\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; automobile factory.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, also called the normal of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea game\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has much little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;comprises fewer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;details \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;compared \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;compared with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;extensive\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, in which\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;For \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;extensive\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;position\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-sty
370le:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;positions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;move\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;moves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe game are closely followed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erules define the probable outcomes in planned or random moves \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as applies to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;gambling\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;By\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrast\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Conversely\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, in the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form, the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;players \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;playersâ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choice\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;choices\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ei\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;., a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;selected\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from a set of possible strategies\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; determines the outcome, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;iee.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;payoff\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;All players\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echoose a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategy\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;once\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;after\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the choices are \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;revealed, the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egame\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; ends with each player \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;getting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;receiving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;some \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;payoff\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; Each playerâs payoff is influenced \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by each\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;playerâs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;playersâ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choice\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;choices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Payoffs can be quiet complex \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;entity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;entities\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. For \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;our \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;model,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewe represent payoffs by numerical values. Hence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewe assume that the numerical payoffs depen
370d on \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;choices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof all the players.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Sentences should not begin with numerals. In academic writing, spell out the number when it begins a sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Three \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eobjects define the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form of a game\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 1\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the set of players\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;N\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;={1,2,â¦,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;}, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;}; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ii \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the sequence of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; playersâ strategy sets\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;X\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;,â¦,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;X\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and 3\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sequence\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof playerâs pay\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; -\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;off functions\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;,â¦,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;),â¦, \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSymbol\"\u0026gt;Ã\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;Ã\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;Ã\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Introduction\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Game theory has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;excisted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;existed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emillennia\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using 'and has' here makes the two verb phrases equivalent.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and has\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;been\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;applied to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;many\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;forms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;situations\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ranging\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efrom historical events \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Spainsâ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Spainâs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rebellion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;against \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Rome\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein 75 BCE \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;[\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;McCain\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;2010\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;]), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;biological models \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;such\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas natural selection\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, market\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenvironments (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;oligopoly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;oligopolies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, politics (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;election\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebidding), and computer science\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This phrase is not needed, it is more conversational. It is always best to use formal style of writing for academic manuscripts.'\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to name few\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis field of applied mathematic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecaptures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;behaviour \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;behavior \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in strategic situations (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;called \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;games\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;), wherein the success (payoff) of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe choice made by an individual \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;player\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;) is dependent on the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choiceesmade \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;choices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emade \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by others\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;players) (Myerson, 1991)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;The three main mathematical models\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof games are the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;extensive \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;form, the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;
370form, and the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;coalition \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;form. The bases of difference\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethese models \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the amount of detail provided: the players,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir preferences, their information, the strategic actions available to them\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and how these influence the outcome\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;?\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;In this paper, we describe the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form and study its phenomena\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein a case of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;business \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;management\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;labor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enegotiation at \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;automobile factory.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form, also called the normal \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;game\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;much little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;fewer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;details\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompared with the extensive form. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;For \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;extensive form, the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;position\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;positions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;move\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;moves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe game are closely followed, and the rules define the probable outcomes in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eplanned or random moves \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(gambling\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;). By\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrast, in the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form, the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;players \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;playersâ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;choice,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ei\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;., a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;selected\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from a set of possible strategies\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; determines the outcome, i\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;e., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;payoff\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;All players\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echoose a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategy\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;once\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;after\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the choices are \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;revealed, the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egame\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; ends with each player getting some \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;payoff\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; Each playerâs payoff is influenced \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by each\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;playerâs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;playersâ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choice\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;choices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Payoffs can be quiet complex\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This should be plural to match the subject 'playoffs.'\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;entity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;entities\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e. For \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;our \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;model,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewe represent payoffs by numerical values. Hence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewe assume that the numerical payoffs depen
370d on \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;choices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof all the players.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Sentences should not begin with numerals. In academic writing, spell out the number when it begins a sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Three \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;objects define the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form of a game\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 1\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the set of players\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;N\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;={1,2,â¦,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;}, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;}; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ii \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the sequence of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; playersâ strategy sets\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;X\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;,â¦,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;X\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and 3\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sequence\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof playerâs pay\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; -\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;off functions\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;,â¦,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;),â¦, \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSymbol\"\u0026gt;Ã\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;Ã\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;Ã\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ã²ã¼ã çè«åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"ã²ã¼ã çè«åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:12:12.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":76,"titleslug":"game-theory","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":211,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Game_Theory.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Game_Theory_f22f6e1c9f","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":197.19,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Game_Theory_f22f6e1c9f.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:51.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:51.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":230,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Game_Theory.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Game_Theory_19eeece8f6","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":275.92,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Game_Theory_19eeece8f6.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:59.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:59.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ã²ã¼ã çè«"},{"id":103,"salevelthree":{"id":30,"name":"Corporate Finance (伿¥éè)","saleveltwo":7,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-23T12:15:08.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":790,"name":"corporate_finance_9b86d95a56.png","alternativeText":"伿¥éè","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_corporate_finance_9b86d95a56.png","hash":"thumbnail_corporate_finance_9b86d95a56_40ccc86839","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":8.62,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_corporate_finance_9b86d95a56_40ccc86839.png"}},"hash":"corporate_finance_9b86d95a56_40ccc86839","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.75,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/corporate_finance_9b86d95a56_40ccc86839.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-03-23T12:15:04.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:50:12.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":54,"salevelone":1,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"伿¥éèåéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã«ã¯ã伿¥éèã«é¢ããç ç©¶ã®è«æãæ°å¤ãæ ¡æ£ãã¦ããçµé¨ãããã¾ãã伿¥ã®è³æ¬èª¿éãéèå¸å ´ã«ãããåããå å³ããç ç©¶ãè¡ã伿¥éèãå人財æºãå
Œ
±è²¡æ¿ãªã©ãå種åéã®å°éç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããã伿¥éèã«é¢ããè«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, it is important that the objective is mentioned after the supporting information/background of the study. Hence, this part has been moved to a later instance.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecurrent study wehave single stock whose price observe a switching geometric\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrownian motion. Also, the stockpay no dividends. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A research paper should not contain any extra/unnecessary information as it does not significantly contribute to the presentation of an authorâs idea. Hence, this information has been deleted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; Given the current price of a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estock the sold axiom consists of target price and a stoploss limit. A âsellâ\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edecision is made when the price reach either the target price or the set\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estop-loss limit. \u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;The main purpose is to benefit investors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;During\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir financial careers, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;One \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investors \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;often pick up \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;bad \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;weak \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stock\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eor \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;purchase \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;made is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;at\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe wrong time\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in reality\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;So, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In both the cases,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;often wise and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;necessary\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sel \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such a stock \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esoon as possible to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;stop \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;curtail \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;loss\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn practice, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;target price\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;typical\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;around a gain of 15\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"No spaces are added before and after an en dash in a range.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;% and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stop\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;loss limit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;generally vary from 5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;20\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"These two sentences have been merged as the second sentence provided supp
370orting information for the first sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;It is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; it is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot a good idea to adopt uniform \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;rules for booking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;profit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s and losses\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; taking.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; because\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Each \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stock \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;different, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s own character\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stics\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that call for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Moreocer, it should be treated differently with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;different\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eliquidation rule\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"text-decoration:none\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures that the text of a manuscript is structurally accurate and every information is placed at the correct instance. Hence, this part has been moved to a later instance.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In this study, we consider set of targetprices and stop-loss\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimits and choose a target price and stop-loss Limit in that set to enhance an expected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereward function . We aim, at deriving this price limits⦠In addition, we get\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe expected target period and the probability of making and losing \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;money.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn practice, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; frequent\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;used critera for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;measur\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;portfolio \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;performance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of portfolio i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;percentage return \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pr \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over a given time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;unit time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;such \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecriterion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has lead to many transactions because of it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;encourages \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;taking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;small\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprofit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-taking\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;short \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370brief \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;holding \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;time \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;period (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Ï0\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and increases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransaction costs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Emphasizing the correct information is necessary to clearly convey the intended meaning. We have revised this instance to clearly mention why the criterion is unsuitable for retail investors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; For those reasons and others\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, it may be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Clearly, such a criterion is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;un\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;suitable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;retail\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvestor\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s, especially those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;because \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;who\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cannot\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;limited time available for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; constantly monitor their portfolios\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; trading and Additional transaction costs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Transitional phrases that are necessary to denote the shift in the tone of sentences should be mentioned in the beginning of sentences to ensure clarity among readers. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In contrast, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;discount factor\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrast\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; r\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;educes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ules out\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;very \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;frequen\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cy and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecost of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; trans\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ctions\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;because \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it replaces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as a determinant of holding period\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;factor is replaced by discount rate\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;iscounted-reward\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efunction is\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; natural in many financial problems\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; commonly applied to many financial problems.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This study examines a no-dividend stock with prices that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexhibit regime-switching geometric Brownian motion. We consider sets of stop-loss\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimits and target prices and determine those that promise to enhance an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpected reward function. We aim to derive these limits as well as an expected holding\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperiod and probabilities of making and losing money.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecurrent\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; study \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wehave \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;examines a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eno-dividend \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;single \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stock whose\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprice\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;observe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;exhibiting\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;regime-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;switching geometric Brownian motion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This phrase was highly redundant, which should not be used in academic manuscripts. We have deleted it from all the instances in this part.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Also, the stockpay no dividends. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven the current\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprice of a stock\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sold \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;selling \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;axiom\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;consists of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;comprises\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; target price and a stop\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;loss\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimit. A \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sell\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; decision\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis made when the price reach\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; either\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe target price or the set stop-loss limit. \u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;The main\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epurpose is to benefit investors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;During\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir financial careers, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;One \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investors \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;often pick up \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;bad \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;weak \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stock\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eor the purchase \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;made \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;at the wrong time\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereality\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;So, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Therefore, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it is necessary to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sel \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such a stock \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esoon as possible to stop loss\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epractice, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;target price\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;typical\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;around a gain of 15\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;% and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stop\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;loss limit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;generally vary from 5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;20\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"These two sentences have been merged as the second sentence provided supp
370orting information for the first sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;It is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; it is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot a good idea to adopt uniform \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;rules for booking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;profit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s and losses\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; taking.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; because\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Each \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stock \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;different, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s own character\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stics\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that call for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Moreocer, it should be treated differently with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;different\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eliquidation rule\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"text-decoration:none\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In this study, w\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;W\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsider set\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of target\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;prices and stop-loss limits and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choose \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;determine those\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a target price and stop-loss Limit in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;set \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370promise \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenhance an expected reward function\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. We\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaim\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; at deriving th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ese\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; price\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimits\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â¦\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;In addition, we \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;get \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;determine \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;expected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etarget period and the probability of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;making \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;gaining \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and losing\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;money.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn practice, a frequent\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; used criter\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ion\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; for measuring\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe performance of portfolio\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; is the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epercentage return \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pr \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over a given time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;unit\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etime\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; such a criterion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has lead to many transactions because of it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;encourages\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;taking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;small profit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-taking\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;short holding \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;time \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;period (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Ï0\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Clearly\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; such a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecriterion is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;un\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;suitable \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;retail investor\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eespecially those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;because \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;who\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cannot\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;limited time available\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; constantly monitor their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;trading and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Additional \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;additional\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;transaction costs. \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Transitional phrases that are necessary to denote the shift in the tone of sentences should be mentioned in the beginning of sentences to ensure clarity among readers. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In contrast, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;discount\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efactor\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, in contrast\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; r\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;educes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ules out\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;very \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;frequen\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cy of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etrans\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ctions\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;
370span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Voice places emphasis either on the doer of the action or the receiver of the action. Depending on what is crucial information, the active or passive voice can be used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it replaces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as a determinant of holding period\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;factor is replaced by discount rate\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e. Th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;iscounted-reward\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efunction is\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;common \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;natural \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in many financial problems\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"伿¥éèåéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"伿¥éèåéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:12:23.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":30,"titleslug":"corporate-finance","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":209,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_CorporateFinance.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Corporate_Finance_5084646546","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":186,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Corporate_Finance_5084646546.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":198,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_CorporateFinance.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Corporate_Finance_78249e4c0b","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":170.66,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Corporate_Finance_78249e4c0b.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:45.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:45.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"伿¥éè"}]},{"id":5,"title":"人æã»ç¤¾ä¼å¦","description":"\u003cp\u003e人æç§å¦åéã®å¦è¡è«æãæ¸ç±ã®è±ææ ¡æ£ã«ãããè±å¯ãªå®ç¸¾ã¨é«ãå質ã§å¦è¡çã»ç£æ¥çã®çæ§ããåãä¿¡é ¼ãããã ãã¦ãããHuman Ecology Journalãã¯ããTaylor \u0026amp; FrancisãSAGEãªã©å¤§æå¦è¡åºç社ã®ã¸ã£ã¼ãã«ãåè¡ç©ã«
370è«æãå¦è¡æ¸ãçºè¡¨ã»åºçããç ç©¶è
ã»æ¸ç±èè
ã®çæ§ã«ãå©ç¨ããã ãã¦ããã¾ãã\u003c/p\u003e","card_title":"ã¨ãã´ã®\u003cbr\u003e人æç§å¦åéã®å¼·ã¿","card_description":null,"sa_title":"人æç§å¦ã»ç¤¾ä¼å¦åéã®\u003cbr\u003eè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","card":[{"id":135,"title":"人æç§å¦é¢é£ææ¸ã®ç¨®é¡","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30種é¡ä»¥ä¸\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4262,"name":"Paper Editing.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Paper_Editing_1a5444d331","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":0.92,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Paper_Editing_1a5444d331.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z"}},{"id":136,"title":"è±ææ ¡æ£ã«é¢ãã£ãã¸ã£ã¼ãã«","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8500èªä»¥ä¸\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4263,"name":"medicine-journal-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.2,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:34.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:57.000Z"}},{"id":137,"title":"ç´°ååãããå°éåéã®æ°","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e350以ä¸\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4264,"name":"subject-area-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"subject_area_assist_734ff88845","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.67,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/subject_area_assist_734ff88845.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z"}}],"card_link":{"id":40,"text":"人æç§å¦ã»ç¤¾ä¼å¦åéã®è©³ç´°ã¸","url":"/subjects/arts-humanities-social-sciences"},"sa_link":{"id":41,"text":"è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ããã£ã¨è¦ã","url":"/samples"},"sa_samples":[{"id":104,"salevelthree":{"id":1090,"name":"Sociology (社ä¼å¦)","saleveltwo":54,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T10:42:17.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":942,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"ã¨ãã´ã®ç¤¾ä¼å¦ã®æ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_1e53caddfc","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
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ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ãã社ä¼å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.5pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Building \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;up \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEsping-Andersenâs approach of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conceptualizing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;welfare\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estates according to the\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ir\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; level of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;labor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commodification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof labour\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, the French state \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fits in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;embodies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Conservative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conservative \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;approach to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esocial policy and welfare. The aim of the French social protection system is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincome maintenance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Citations are conventionally positioned just before punctuation (commas, periods, semicolons, colons or question marks), regardless of what is being referenced.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePalier 2000: 116\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;rather than the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. It\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis more than \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;simple poverty alleviation \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found in the Anglo-Saxon system or universalistic distribution\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; which is representative \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNorthern Social-Democratic system\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (Palier 2000: 116)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Since the entitlement depends on the contribution\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehistory paid by workers, most benefits are earnings-related.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.5pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This sentence marked a slight shift in theme from a general overview to a more detailed description of the system.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrench welfare state\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We added a qualifier based on the transformations..\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is largely \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebased on a set of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;non-state\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;private\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eagencies. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This was repositioned because the Sécurité Sociale is described as the compulsory form.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis both a compulsory scheme to which everyone must be affiliated as well as a supplementary scheme (\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;couverture complémentaire\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; or \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;mutuelle\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;) that covers costs that are not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereimbursed by the general plan. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Sécurité Sociale\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; (Social Protection) is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a compulsory health insurance policy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;divided into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Please note that we have amended these based on our own research. Unemployment is not one of the four main branches. Please see: https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/services-aux-citoyens/preparer-son-retour-en-france/assurance-maladie/article/la-securite-sociale\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efour main sectors\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: 1) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;healthcare and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;work\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccidents\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;/diseases\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; 2) health/illness/injury\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(including occupational injuries and diseases); 3) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;old age and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eretirement\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunemployment insurance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;4) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;family\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(CNAV 2010). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;There is a compulsory scheme anyone must\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe affiliated to and a complementary one (\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;mutuelle\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This was moved from the first paragraph because it is closely related to this section.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;ost benefits are earnings-related, and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe amount of the entitlement depends on the workersâ contribution history. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We began a new paragraph here because there is a shift in the theme from the main sectors and the earnings related benefits to the means-tested, non-contributory government scheme.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:13.5pt;line-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;But The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:13.5pt;line-height:200%;color:blue\"\u0026gt;Howev\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:13.5pt;line-height:200%;color:blue\"\u0026gt;er, the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:13.5pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;previously \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Bismar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;kian\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enature of the French welfare state has been transformed into a state-run one by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esome structural changes. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This reform relies mainly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eon\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A prominent element of these reforms\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In fact, the Revenu Minimum dâInsértion system ceased around 2009. It has been replaced by Revenu de solidarité active.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRevenu de solidarité active\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;8\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;(RSA;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eActive Solidarity Income)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;re-insertion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolicy (\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Revenu Minimum dâInsértion\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;),\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;non-contributory means-tested scheme\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. It\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eguarantees a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;minimum income for unemployed and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunderemployed workers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;least level of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresources\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. In order to be eligible for this scheme, a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;person of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;non-French \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nationality\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;be in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epossession of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;possess\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; a \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;carte de séjour\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has to have\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; have\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elived in France for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;at least \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;five years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;An \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Thus, some\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;unemployed North-African\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; who\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeligible for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370unemployment benefit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is therefore eligible\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can obtain\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for the RMI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;RSA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, which \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;provides an income of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This is the updated amount from this site https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/N19775\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eâ¬\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;559.74 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;9\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;460 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a month (\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We have used this as reference for this change Service-Public.fr . 2019. Revenu de solidarité active (RSA). https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/N19775\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Service-Public.fr 2019\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;10\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Rmi\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFr. 2010\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, as well as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. He is also eligible for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;housing benefits and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehealth protection. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;He/she is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Such persons are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; exonerated from paying council\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etax and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;he/she can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; also be eligible for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a phone bill \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reduction\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the phone bill\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. However, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a North African\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimmigrant who has not been in France for a sufficient period to be eligible for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRSA is subject to experiencing severe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;economic insecurity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; appears if the \u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;North-African immigrant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehas not been in France for enough time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.5pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Building \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;up \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEsping-Andersenâs approach \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;toward \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;welfare states according to the level of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;labor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commodification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof labour\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, the French state \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fits \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;adopts\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;onservative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapproach to social policy and welfare\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the primary \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;aim \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;objective \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of the French social protection system\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis income maintenance (Palier 2000: 116).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Text has been edited for better clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is more\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethan \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;serves a larger purpose than \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;simple\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epoverty alleviation \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis found in the Anglo-Saxon system or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003euniversalistic distribution \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is representative \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the Northern\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSocial-Democratic system. Since \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;entitlement\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edepends on the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;workersâ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;contribution\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehistory\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; paid by workers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, most benefits\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare earnings-related. The French welfare state is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We added a qualifier based on the transformations.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;largely\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebased on a set of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;non-state\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;private\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; agencies. The \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;Sécurité Sociale\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; (Social Protection) is divided into four main\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esectors: healthcare and work accidents\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; old age and retirement\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;unemployment insurance and family (CNAV\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2010). There is a compulsory sc
370heme \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;anyone \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;everyone \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;must\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe affiliated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as well as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a complementary one (\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;mutuelle\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"âHoweverâ is a better word choice to express contrast as it presents a more formal tone.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;But\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;some structural\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echanges have transformed the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Bismar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;kian\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enature of the French welfare state \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has been\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransformed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;into a state-run one\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; by some\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estructural changes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. This reform relies mainly on a re-insertion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolicy (\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Revenu Minimum dâInsértion\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; RMI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;), which is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;non-contributory\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emeans-tested scheme\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. It\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; guarantees a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;least\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;minimum \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;level of resources. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In order t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;o\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe eligible for this scheme, a non-French \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;resident \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto be in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;possession of a \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;carte de séjour\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; and has to have lived in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrance for five years. An unemployed North\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;African \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;resident \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;who is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;not eligible for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370unemployment benefit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis therefore eligible for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;RMI, which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;â¬\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;460\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea month (Rmi Fr. 2010). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;He \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;also eligible for housing benefits and health\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprotection. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;He/she is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; exonerated from paying council tax and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;he/she \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;can also be eligible for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;phone-bill \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reduction\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the phone bill\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;economic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einsecurity appears if the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;North\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;African\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimmigrant \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;who \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;has not been in France for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;enough \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sufficient \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;duration may feel economically insecure\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"社ä¼å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"社ä¼å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:12:58.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":1090,"titleslug":"sociology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":260,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Sociology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Sociology_95b162c37d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":479.73,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Sociology_95b162c37d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:07.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:07.000Z"}
370,"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":256,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Sociology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Sociology_2d3af81c02","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":460.19,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Sociology_2d3af81c02.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:05.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:05.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"社ä¼å¦"},{"id":105,"salevelthree":{"id":1124,"name":"Linguistics (è¨èªå¦)","saleveltwo":1166,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T10:43:38.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":943,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"è¨èªå¦","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_9774d54504","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":157,"height":156,"size":8.9,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_9774d54504.png"}},"hash":"download_9774d54504","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.81,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_9774d54504.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T10:43:35.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:51:58.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":61,"salevelone":5,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"è¨èªå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãè¨èªå¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããè¨èªå¦ããã³ããã®åéã«ãããé³å£°å¦ãé³é»è«ãå½¢æ
è«ãªã©ã®å°éåéã§ä¿®å£«å·ãå士å·ãåå¾ããæ ¡æ£è
ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããè¨èªå¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1. Introduction \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Morphology is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;branch\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof linguistics that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;study \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;analyzes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Morphemes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphemes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(the smallest units of linguistic form\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand meaning) and how they constitute words.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Social scientists generally try to avoid using the phrase âthe factâ because it is considered too absolute, i.e., too definitive.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Despite\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe fact\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Although\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; words\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare generally\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;accepted as being the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esmallest units of syntax, it is clear that in most \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(if\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot all) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;languages\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; words \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erelated to other words by rules\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;The rules\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;some\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which result in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;generally \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;clear \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;kind\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patterns in the way\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;words \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that words \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fromed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;formed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efrom smaller units and how \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;these \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;interact in speech\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;? \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In this way\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;By\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eclarifying those rules and their resulting relationships\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, morphology\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We rephrased the beginning of the sentence to avoid redundancy (repeating the definition of âmorphologyâ).\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is the branch of linguistics that studies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reveals\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; patterns of word-formation,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphological\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elinguistics \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;attempts to construct \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a languageâs\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;grammar based on the knowledge of\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;speakers\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of those languages\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMorphemes\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This was added to acknowledge the repetition.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Morpheme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;As indicated in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe introduction, a morpheme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis the smallest\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; linguistic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;unit \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of language \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that has linguistic form and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;semantic\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emeaning. In \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;spoken\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;oral\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;language, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphemes comprise\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;phonemes (the smallest unit of sound/speech)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, whereas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;make up morphemes; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in written\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elanguage, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they are constituted by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;graphemes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(the smallest\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This could also be stated as âsymbolicâ.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;written\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit representing sound/speech)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; compose morphemesâ¦.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLexemes \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A lexeme is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;abstract\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This is a more precise definition of âlexemeâ.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;lexical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a word\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;meaning\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto which inflections (e.g., suffixes) can \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;added\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto reflect gender-, tense-, number-, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;person-relevant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egrammatical information. For example, \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;give,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egives\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; giving\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; given\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt; and gave \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;form a single lexeme\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; (that is,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We rephrased this in order to make the definition clearer. âMeaning entityâ was not clear. We removed the parentheses, as a semicolon can serve the same function and the information is not a side comment, but rather important to clarifying the explanation.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; they are all forms of the same entity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u
3700026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and share the same\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eroot \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;meaning\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; entity)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This is more accurate. The lexeme represents the set of words with their inflections.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A concept of word\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The set of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;words with all of its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;no\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;inflections is\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;called \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lexeme\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, moreover,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t the root of each lexeme is a lemma, which is a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eword unit \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;having \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;minimal or no inflection\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; is called a lemma\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" We have added this bit of information to further define the lemma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econstitutes the canonical or citation form of a set of words that share the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esame lexeme\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;8\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompound\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Using the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wikipedia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Wikipedia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;linguistics, a compound is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This is more accurate, as the word is comprised of more than one lexeme, but a lexeme really refers to the meaning of the word.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lexeme\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;word \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;9\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;(a word) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsists of more than one \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;lexeme. There\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare three types of compounds\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;âAn\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: 1)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; endocentric compounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, whereby\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" We have added a bit of extra information, as the context of this work indicates that its intended readers are less knowledgeable in this field, and they might require further explanation for âABâ.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; where\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the compound serves the same linguistic function as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eone of its parts, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;10\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; such that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;AB is an instance of B (e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;teaspoon\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;); \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;exocentric compounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;where \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in which the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompound fulfills a new function, such that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;AB is neither an A or a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eB\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; but \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;rather\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a C associated with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;AB \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;birdbrain\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;);\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;3) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;copulative \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or combination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; where\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAB is\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a combination of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; A and B (e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;producer-director\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1. Introduction \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Morphology is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;branch\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof linguistics that stud\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Morphemes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphemes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(the smallest units of linguistic form\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand meaning) and how they constitute words. Despite the fact that words are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egenerally\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;accepted as being the smallest\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunits of syntax, it is clear that in most \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(if not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eall) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;languages\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; words \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erelated to other words by rules.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Formal writing should be free of redundancy and repetition. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;The\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;se\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erules \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;produce\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;some clear kind of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;specific \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;patterns\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;regarding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eway words are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fromed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;formed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from smaller units and how the\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;se\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einteract in speech\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;? \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;In this way, morphology is the branch of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elinguistics that studies patterns of word-formation\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand attempts to construct \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a languageâs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;grammar\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebased on the knowledge of\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;speakers\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of those languages\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMorphemes\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Morpheme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morpheme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is the smallest unit of language that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehas linguistic form and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;semantic\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; meaning. In \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;oral\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;spoken \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;language,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphemes comprise \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;phonemes (the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esmallest unit of sound/speech)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" The word âwhereasâ highlights an important difference between two similar things or facts. We have used this word here to enhance clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, whereas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;make up morphemes; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This could also be stated as âsymbolicâ.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;written\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; language, graphemes (the smallest written unit representing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esound/speech) compose morphemes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â¦.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLexemes \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A lexeme is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;abstract\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit of \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This is a more precise definition of âlexemeâ.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;lexical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a word\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;meaning\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto which inflections (e.g., suffixes) can \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;added\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto reflect gender-, tense-, number-, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;person-relevant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egrammatical information. For example, \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;give,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egives\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; giving\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; given\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt; and gave \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;form a single lexeme (that is,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;one meaning entity)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A concept of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;word\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit with no inflections is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;known as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;called\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a lexeme\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; moreover, a word unit having minimal or no\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einflection is called a lemma.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompound\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Using the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wikipedia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Wikipedia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;linguistics, a compound is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea lexeme (a word) that consists of more than one \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;other\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;lexeme. There are three types of compounds\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;âAn\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: 1)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; endocentric\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; where \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;AB is an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einstance of B (e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;teaspoon\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;); \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;exocentric compounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; where AB is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;neither an A or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;neither an A nor\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; a B but a C associated with AB\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;birdbrain\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;); and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;3) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;copulative \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; where\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; AB is\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombination of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; A and B (e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;producer-director\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u0
37003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"è¨èªå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"è¨èªå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:13:16.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":1124,"titleslug":"linguistics","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":263,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Linguistics.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Linguistics_296f06bf85","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":195.22,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Linguistics_296f06bf85.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T07:13:56.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T07:13:56.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":185,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Linguistics.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Linguistics_542a88387b","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":176.66,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Linguistics_542a88387b.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:43.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:43.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"è¨èªå¦"},{"id":106,"salevelthree":{"id":1150,"name":"Literature (æå¦ç ç©¶)","saleveltwo":1343,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T10:44
370:44.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":944,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"æå¦","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_d53c41f9da","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":157,"height":156,"size":6.34,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_d53c41f9da.png"}},"hash":"download_d53c41f9da","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.75,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_d53c41f9da.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T10:44:40.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:50:49.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":62,"salevelone":5,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"æå¦ç ç©¶åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã«ã¯ãæå¦ç ç©¶ã«é¢é£ããè«æãæ°å¤ãæ ¡æ£ãã¦ããçµé¨ãããã¾ããå¤å
¸æå¦ãå¥³æµæå¦ãªã©å¤å²ã«ãããç ç©¶ã«ããã¦ä¿®å£«å·ãå士å·ãåå¾ããæ ¡æ£è
ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ãããæå¦ç ç©¶ã«é¢ããè«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Any\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsideration of the response\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; offered\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etwentieth\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and twenty-first\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;century \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Irish poets to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;olocaust must \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;first \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;consider \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involve\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereviewing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;first \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the historical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtext of Irelandâs \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;small \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Jew\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ish\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunity and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; Irelandâs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; record of pre\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;war\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand wartime \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;immigration into Ireland by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;acceptance of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; refugees from mainland \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAvailable \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;censas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;census\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; statistics\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Substitution of vocabulary because stronger verbs make better impact.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;show\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;evidence \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" It is simpler and more native to say âsince 1861.â \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from 1861 onwards \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; there\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a small but significant Jew\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ish\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunity \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has existed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in Ireland \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370since 1861. This community was primarily based \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mainly based \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in Dublin but\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; was also settled\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in cities such as Cork and Limerick. The 1901 census\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; taken three years before the 1904 setting of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJames Joyceâs Ulysses (19\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;2), suggest\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;people of Jewish origin constituted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;just \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;over \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;3,000 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrelandâs total population of roughly 3,200,000\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Jew living in Ireland out of a total population of roughly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,200,000\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. By 1946, this number had risen only to 5,381 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;professing Jew\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eon the island of Ireland\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. These statistics\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" A stronger verb was substituted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;narrate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eown \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;story \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;account\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of Irelandâs pre-war and wartime inaction in the face of mass\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpulsions from \u
3700026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;central \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Central \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;eastern\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeurope\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Eastern Europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The inversion of syntax is awkward. Also, the sentence has been divided into two focused statements for ameliorated impact. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Irish policy was parsimonious at best e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ven\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; between\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;1942 and 1945, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;during \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the years of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;olocaust\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;1942-45, Irish policy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas parsimonious at best and a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ccording\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto Dermot Keoghâs authoritative study \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Jews\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein Twentieth\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Century Ireland\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; (1998),\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe number \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of Jewish refugees \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;admitted \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by Ireland \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;during the Second World War âmay have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeen as few as sixtyâ (Keogh 1998: 192).\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Any\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsideration of the response\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; offer\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eby twentieth\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and twenty-first\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;century \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Irish poets to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;olocaust must \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;first \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This change has been made to avoid repetition of the word âconsiderâ in the same sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;consider \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involve \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;first \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the historical context of Irelandâs \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;small \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Jew\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ish\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; community and the record of prewar and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewartime immigration into Ireland by refugees from mainland \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAvailable \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;censas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;census\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370 statistics show that\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" It is simpler and more native to say âsince 1861.â \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from 1861 onwards \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a small but significant Jew\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ish\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunity \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has existed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in Ireland\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; since 1861,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; mainly based in Dublin but also in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecities such as Cork and Limerick. The 1901 census\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etaken three years before the 1904 setting of James Joyceâs Ulysses (19\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;2),\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esuggest\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; that there were just over 3,000\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJew\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; living in Ireland out of a total\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epopulation of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This change has been made to make the language more suitable to academic writing.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;roughly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;approximately \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,200,000. By 1946, this number had\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erisen only to 5,381\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; professing Jew on the island of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIreland\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. These statistics \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;narrate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;their own \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;story\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;account \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of Irelandâs pre-war\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand wartime inaction in the face of mass expulsions from \u
3700026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;central \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Central \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;eastern europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Eastern\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEurope\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Even during the years of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;olocaust\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;1942\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;45\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Irish\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolicy was parsimonious at best\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ccording\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto Dermot Keoghâs authoritative study \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Jews\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein Twentieth\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Century Ireland\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; (1998),\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe number \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of Jewish refugees \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;admitted \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by Ireland \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;during the Second World War âmay have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeen as few as sixtyâ (Keogh 1998: 192).\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"æå¦ç ç©¶åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"æå¦ç ç©¶åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:13:36.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":1150,"titleslug":"literature","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":253,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Literature.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Literature_35066f17f4","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":378.85,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Literature_35066f17f4.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z"}
370,"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":254,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Literature.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Literature_124477d3cc","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":377.85,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Literature_124477d3cc.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"æå¦"},{"id":107,"salevelthree":{"id":1085,"name":"Political Science (æ¿æ²»å¦)","saleveltwo":54,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T10:45:29.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":945,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"æ¿æ²»å¦","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_4de6620772","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":157,"height":156,"size":6.57,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_4de6620772.png"}},"hash":"download_4de6620772","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.72,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_4de6620772.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T10:45:27.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:52:18.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":64,"salevelone":5,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"æ¿æ²»å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãæ¿æ²»å¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããå½å
å¤ã®æ¿æ²»ããã³æ¯è¼ç ç©¶ãæ¿æ²»çµæ¸ãå½éé¢ä¿ãè¡æ¿ãªã©ãé¢é£ç ç©¶ã«ããã¦ä¿®å£«å·ãå士å·ãåå¾ããæ ¡æ£è
ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããæ¿æ²»å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;One of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;most \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"âImportantâ is a subjective judgment; frequency of use is easier to assert.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewidely used\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;important \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;deliberative procedure\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; is deliberative pol\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; designed by Jame\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFishkin. In\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; their\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; article \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Deliberative Polling\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;rom\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperiment to Community Resource,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;James \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370Fishkin\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand Cynthia Farrar present\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheoretical and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;practical issues \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involved in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; developing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransformation of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; this procedure from a thought experiment to a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edemocratic practice \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that has been used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The fact of significance here is that many communities have used the method, not that the communities are different.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;numerous\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;different\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunities in the United States and around the world. They define \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;deliberative poll\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epoll of citizens before and after they had the chance to arrive at considered\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ejudgments based on information and exposure to the views of their fellow citizensâ\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Fishkin\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFarrar, 2005\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;: 68). \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Fishkin and Farar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eargue that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"No need to name the method again as it has already been mentioned three times.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ir method\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; deliberative poll\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis a distinctive form of public consultation that combine\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; two key\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evalues\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolitical equality and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity. The sentence has been divi
370ded into two to introduce clarity and better formal expression.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edeliberation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. By\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, understanding by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; political equality\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, they mean equal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eequal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; consideration of everyone\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;âs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreferences\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by deliberation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, they refer to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea process of discussion in which \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;participants\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; weigh competing arguments on their merits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn their \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;opinions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;view\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;high-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;quality deliberation \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;meets four criteria: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare four standards that should be met - \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(a) \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ompleteness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eextent\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; which arguments offered on one\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eside of an issue are answered by arguments from another side\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare then answered in turn; (b) \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;nformation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, i.e., \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the extent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;information that \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;participants\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eemploy is reasonable and accurate; (c) \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;onsciousness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the extent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those involved desire to decide \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people participate with the aim of deciding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eissue on its merits; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(d) \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;iversity\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eextent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which those who deliberate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erepresent the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;full range\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diversity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of viewpoints in the relevant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epopulation.\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;One of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;most \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"âImportantâ is a subjective judgment; frequency of use is easier to assert.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewidely used\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;important \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;deliberative procedure\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; is deliberative pol\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; designed by Jame\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFishkin. In\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; their\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; article \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Deliberative Polling\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;rom\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperiment to Community Resource,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;James \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Fishkin\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand Cynthia Farrar present\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheoretical and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;practical issues \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involved in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe transformation of this procedure from a thought experiment to a democratic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epractice in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The fact of significance here is that many communities have used the method, not that the communities are different.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;numerous\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;different\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunities in the United States and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003earound the world. They define \u
3700026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;deliberative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epoll\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a poll of citizens before and after they had the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echance to arrive at considered judgments based on information and exposure to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe views of their fellow citizensâ (Fishkin\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; Farrar, 2005\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e68). \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Fishkin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand Farar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; argue that the deliberative poll is a distinctive form of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epublic consultation that combine\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; two\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ekey values\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolitical equality and deliberation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. By\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, understanding by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; political equality\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, they mean equal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eequal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; consideration of everyone\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;âs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreferences\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by deliberation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, they refer to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea process of discussion in which \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;participants\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; weigh competing arguments on their merits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn their opinions, for a quality deliberation there are four standards that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshould be met\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;- \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(a)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ompleteness:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe extent\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; which arguments offered on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eone side of an issue are answered by arguments from another side\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Along with language and grammar accuracy, a normal edit ensures enhance usage of punctuation such as placement of commas.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare then answered in turn; (b) Information: the extent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;information\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat people employ is reasonable and accurate; (c) Consciousness: the extent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvolved desire to decide \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparticipate with the aim of deciding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the issue on its merits; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(d) Diversity: the extent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which those who deliberate represent the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;full range\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diversity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof viewpoints in the relevant population.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"æ¿æ²»å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"æ¿æ²»å¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:13:53.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":1085,"titleslug":"political-science","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":247,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Political_Science.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Political_Science_2060d7626d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":339.56,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Political_Science_2060d7626d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:03.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:03.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":225,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Political_Science.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Political_Science_a2f97ee498","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":273.56,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Political_Science_a2f97ee498.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:57.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:57.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"æ¿æ²»å¦"},{"id":108,"salevelthree":{"id":956,"name":"Educational Psychology (æè²å¿çå¦)","saleveltwo":44,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:14:05.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":1873,"name":"download_cd1f2e1335_45f997c6a7.webp","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":48,"height":48,"formats":null,"hash":"download_cd1f2e1335_45f997c6a7_462303d2b1","ext":".webp","mime":"image/webp","size":0.93,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_cd1f2e1335_45f997c6a7_462303d2b1.webp","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2023-04-19T16:14:01.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:14:01.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":63,"salevelone":5,"saleveltwo":52,"title":"å¿çå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«","description":"ã¨ãã´ã¯ãå¿çå¦åéã§ãå¤ãã®è«æãæ ¡æ£ããé«ãè©ä¾¡ãããã ãã¦ãã¾ãããå¿çå¦ããã³ãé¢é£ãã社ä¼å¦ãå
¬åãä¿å¥ç§å¦ãªã©ã®å¹
åºãåéã®ç¥èãæããæ ¡æ£è
ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããå¿çå¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoCommentText\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Most \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;people\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;try \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etrying \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hard to lead a healthy lifestyle\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" The comma here has been replaced with the conjunction âbecauseâ for better flow and clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;healthy is a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evirtue. When people\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" âSpeakâ is used more to refer to the biological act of speaking. Hence, we have revised this to âtalkâ for accurate word choice.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;speak \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;say \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;about being healthy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethey usually mean being physically healthy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. Not\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;many\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactually \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mean to imply that the term being healthy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecould \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;also apply \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the term \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emental health. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370Although mental \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Mental\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; health is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;imperative,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;significant but \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;not \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;been given \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enecessary attention. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;much of the coverage\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit should receive. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity. The sentence has been divided into two to introduce clarity and better formal expression.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStereotypical attitudes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;toward \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;towards \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;mental\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehealth \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have classified mentally ill people as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estrange. Furthermore, it is perceived that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;seems to put mentally-ill people in the weirdo category and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;such\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisorders only happen to weird people or substance users. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This is untrue because \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;This is of course, is not a fact and mind \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;illnesses such as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;depression \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;depressive \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;affect anyone regardless of their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effect any, without taking in account of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;cast,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecreed\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;or \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;color.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In a substantive edit, we ensure that correct terms are used and the sentence structure is made concise while maintaining the meaning.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;information brochure \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;on which this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;essay is based \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;includes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on covers \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;basic depression disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Information related\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370gives a little information about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;clinic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; depression, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;namely,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diagnstics, and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;symptoms\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and diagnosis thereof is provided. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; In addition, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;various \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and busts some\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;myths associated with clinical \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;depression\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare shattered. \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;depresion. The course of this essay will give in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eknowledgeable detail the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;diagnostic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecriteria, causes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and preferred method\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof therapy for depression as a disorder\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediscussed in the essay. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoSubtitle\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"MsoIntenseEmphasis\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-NZ\" style=\"font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Diagnostic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCriteria for depression\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;It is normal to suffer depression at some\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estage in oneâs life. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edepressed is normal phase of life for all people, but can \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;However, depression may \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;become a disorder when it \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;becomes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gets \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;severe, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;happens \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;frequently\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and lasts\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; for a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elong period\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Using âlongerâ implies that it is being compared to the long period of another thing. Hence, this has been revised to âlong.â\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;longer\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Health\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epsychology Book)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370 If feelings of sadness do not \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;diminish \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;go away \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;interfere \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;interferes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;with a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;personâs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;persons \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ability \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;work, school, sleep\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and life\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they may be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;then\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethey \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" âmayâ and âsureâ are contradictory terms and hence should not be used together. The instance has been revised to remove the contradiction.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may be surely \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esuffering from depressive disorder (helpguid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;org). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A person with this disorder\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; may \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;experience\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echanges \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have a change \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eappetite and sleep patterns, low \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;self \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;self-esteem, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;esteem, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;less\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenergy, loss of interest in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enjoyable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;enjoyed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;activities, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;inability to concentrate\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and suicidal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eideation. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and thoughts of suicide as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eway out are common symptoms. These could also manifestation of these into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephysical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Depression may also be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emanifested in physical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;symptoms such as headaches.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This sentence has been deleted as it was a repetition of abovementioned instances regarding suicide.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Another big factor that one could be depressed, are thoughts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof suicide and morbidity. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoCommentText\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Most\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;people \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;try\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are trying \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hard to lead a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehealthy lifestyle \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" The comma here has been replaced with the conjunction âbecauseâ for better flow and clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;healthy is a virtue. When people\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" âSpeakâ is used more to refer to the biological act of speaking. Hence, we have revised this to âtalkâ for accurate word choice.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;speak \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;talk \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;say \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabout being healthy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethey usually mean being physically healthy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; not many actually \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mean\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;apply \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to imply that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the term \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehealthy could also apply \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to mental health. Mental health is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;significant \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;imperative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;but has \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;not \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;been given much\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;coverage \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;focus \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it should receive. Stereotypical attitudes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;toward \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;towards \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;mental\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehealth seem\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to put mentally\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ill\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epeople in the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;weirdo\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; category and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsider that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; such disorders only happen to weird people or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esubstance users. This is of course\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;not a fact\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Mental\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ind\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; illnesses such as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;depression\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;depressive \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;can \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effect \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;affect \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;any\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;one\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;without taking in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccount\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;regardless\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of cast, creed\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; or color. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;information brochure \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;on which this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;essay is based \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;includes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on covers \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;basic depression disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; gives \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;information\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabout clinic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; depression, diagn\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stics, and symptoms\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand busts some myths associated with clinical depre\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370sion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eT\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;he course of t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;his essay will\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Using too many words to convey a simple idea adds wordiness to a written text. This instance has been deleted to introduce conciseness.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;give in knowledgeable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edetail the diagnostic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecriteria, causes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and preferred method\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof therapy for depression as a disorder\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoSubtitle\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"MsoIntenseEmphasis\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-NZ\" style=\"font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Diagnostic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCriteria for depression\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edepressed is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;normal phase of life for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;all people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;everyone\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; but \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebecome a disorder when it \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;becomes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gets \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;severe, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;happens \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;frequently\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand lasts\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; for a long period\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; longer (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Health\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epsychology Book)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370 If\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efeelings of sadness do not \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;diminish \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;go away \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;interfere \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;interferes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;with a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;personâs\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;persons \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ability \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;work,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eschool, sleep\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and life\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they may be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;then they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" âmayâ and âsureâ are contradictory terms and hence should not be used together. The instance has been revised to remove the contradiction.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may be surely \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;suffering from depressive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisorder\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" In a normal edit, accuracy of technical word choice is checked along with other aspects of editing.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; (helpguid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;org).\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA person with this disorder may \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;experience changes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea change \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in appetite and sleep patterns, low \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;self \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;self-esteem, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;esteem, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;less energy, loss of interest in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enjoyable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;enjoyed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;activities,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;inability\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto concentrate\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and suicidal ideation. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;and thoughts of suicide as a way out are common symptoms. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;These\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecould also \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;manifest\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;these into \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;physical symptoms such as headaches. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Another \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;big \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;major \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;factor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reasons \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eone could be depressed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; are thoughts of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esuicide and morbidity. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"å¿çå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«âç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ã»æ ¡é²ãµã¼ãã¹ã¨ãã´","metadescription":"å¿çå¦åéã®è±ææ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ãã確èªããã ãã¾ããã¨ãã´ã¯ç ç©¶è«æã«ç¹åããè±ææ ¡æ£ãµã¼ãã¹ã§ãã24æéãã¤ã§ãèªåè¦ç©ããåä»ä¸ã§ãã","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:14:07.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":1027,"titleslug":"psychology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
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ããå°éçãªè¦èãè¸ã¾ããæ ¡é²ã»æ ¡æ£ãè¡ãã¾ãããã¡ããæ´å²å¦è«æã®ä¿®æ£å±¥æ´ä»ãæ ¡æ£ãµã³ãã«ã§ããã¢ããã³ã¹è±ææ ¡æ£ã¨ãã¼ãã«è±ææ ¡æ£ã®ï¼ã¤ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãã©ã³ãæ¯è¼ããã ããå種ãµã³ãã«ãPDFå½¢å¼ã§ãã¦ã³ãã¼ããããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;In \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;last section, I discuss\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;Art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;and its effects on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;literature (the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Emphasizing the correct information is necessary to clearly convey the intended meaning. We have revised this instance to clearly mention why the criterion is unsuitable for retail investors. We have enclosed this phrase in quotation marks to show the emphasis.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Ch\u0026lt;st1:personname w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;au\u0026lt;/st1:personname\u0026gt;cer problem\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:red\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;, as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;As \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;previously mentioned,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;led\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;
370Renaissance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\"\u0026gt;It \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;The Renaissance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;started \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;began\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;with the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Italian \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Italy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Renaissance, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;before\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;continued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;go\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;expanding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using the correct phrases and words is highly necessary to ensure that the intended meaning is conveyed to the readers. We have revised the text for accuracy as per the context of the document.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;to all the lower countries\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;throughout Western Europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\"\u0026gt;in the form of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Northern\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRenaissance.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eword Renaissance itself means ârebirthâ (rinascimento in Italian) and was first\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eused to describe this era by the French historian Jules Michelet.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;The Renaissance is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;normally supposed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;usually described\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;having \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lasted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370spanned the period \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the early \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;1400\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;approximately\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;he\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1650\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Naturally, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecourse, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;in its initial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estages, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Gothic \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;art \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Renaissance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eart co\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;existed in several places. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures that the text of a manuscript is structurally accurate and every information is placed at the correct instance. Hence, this part has been moved to an earlier instance.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;The word \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;itself means \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the ' \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;rebirth\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:red\"\u0026gt; '\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; (\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;rinascimento\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt; in Italian). \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;This was invented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\"\u0026gt;by the French historian Jules\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMichelet.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;
370The Renaissance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Era \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;was a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;time \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;era \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;drastic social\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;change. Rural habitats \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;began \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;to become \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;fast\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;rapidly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; urban\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;izing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;thanks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; due\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;improving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;improvements \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;industrial \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;condition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the emergence of a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;growing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; middle class of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;tradesman\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;tradesmen\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;and bankers.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;The nobility \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;continued to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;exist\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; but\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;d, but\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;wielded \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;less\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epower.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Many \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Numerous \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;historical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;events \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;helped\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;contributed to the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; this \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;era\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sociocultural\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emovement. Prominent among these were\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" The magnetic compass was invented in the third century BC in China. They were already used in Europe in the mid-late 13th century. A remark has been added to convey this discrepancy to the author.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvention\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;magnetic compass\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;consequently\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; more\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;stimulated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; exploration\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;),\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Remark: Please note that the magnetic compass was invented in the third century BC in China. We recommend that this be changed to âimprovements in navigational techniques.â This would be more accurate, as it was during the late 13th century that dead reckoning methods were improved, along with the emergence of more accurate nautical charts.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the invention\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;gunpowder (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;first invented \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by the Chinese \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;at the beginning,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;and later\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; brought\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEurope, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;consequently\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;triggered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;developed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;advances in the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;art of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;war)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the invention of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;mass print\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;etc.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;among others\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Formal sentence structures ensure impressive representation of an academic paper. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;As a result of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;fall \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Fall \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;of Constantinople in 1453\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;made it possible to the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Greek scholars \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt
370;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;travel\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand bring \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Greek and Latin manuscripts to Italy.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;At the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;core\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; of the Renaissance movement \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;humanism\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;philosophy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;movement\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;very often \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;summarized\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in the words of Greek philosopher\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtagoras\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eitalic\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eitalic\"\u0026gt;\"\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The description is the quoted text, which is also the subject of the sentence. Hence, the sentence has been revised to mention it before the remaining information. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eitalic\"\u0026gt;Man is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN;font-style:normal;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;measure of all things\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\"\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; in the words of the Greek philosopher\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtagoras.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue\"\u0026gt;represented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:red;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;renewal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; of the ancient \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Greek and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRoman\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Greco-Roman\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; celebration\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the human form.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;While \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;the thinkers of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;
370medieval period \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;had \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;used\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; the classics to corroborate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the catholic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;Catholic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;ideology\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:blue;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;, those of t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;he Renaissance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;classics \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;them \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;go\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;delve\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;further \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;philosophy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; by exploring the concepts of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;reason, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;intelligence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;taste.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;As such, the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Renaissance\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, as such, was\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;represented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; a rebirth of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;golden era\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; of Greece and Rome in Europe.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;In \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;last section, I discuss\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;Art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;and its effects on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;literature (the \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Emphasizing the correct information is necessary to clearly convey the intended meaning. We have revised this instance to clearly mention why the criterion is unsuitable for retail investors. We have enclosed this phrase in quotation marks to show the emphasis.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Ch\u0026lt;st1:personname w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;au\u0026lt;/st1:personname\u0026gt;cer problem\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;, as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;As \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;previously mentioned,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;led\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;
370Renaissance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\"\u0026gt;It \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;The Renaissance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;started \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;began\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;with the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Italian \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Italy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Renaissance, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;before\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;continued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;go\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;expanding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using the correct phrases and words is highly necessary to ensure that the intended meaning is conveyed to the readers. We have revised the text for accuracy as per the context of the document.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;to all the lower countries\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;throughout Western Europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\"\u0026gt;in the form of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Northern\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRenaissance.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;The Renaissance is normally \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;supposed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;described as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;having \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lasted\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efrom \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the early \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;1400\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;approximately\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;he\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1650\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Naturally, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecourse, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;in its initial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estages, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Gothic \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;art \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Renaissance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eart co\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;existed in several places.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;The word \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;âRenaissanceâ\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;itself means \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;' \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;rebirth\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; '\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; (\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;rinascimento\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt; in Italian). \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;This\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;invented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:blue\"\u0026gt;coined\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;by the French historian Jules Michelet.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;
370The Renaissance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Era \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;era \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was a time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;had social\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echange\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Rural habitats were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;to become \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;fast\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;rapidly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; urban\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;izing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;thanks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; to improvements \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;industrial \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;condition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;growing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; middle class of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;tradesm\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; and bankers.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;The nobility existed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebut \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;wielded\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;less power.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Many \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Numerous \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;historical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;events \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;helped\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;contributed to the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; this era\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, such as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" The magnetic compass was invented in the third century BC in China. They were already used in Europe in the mid-late 13th century. A remark has been added to convey this discrepancy to the author.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvention\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;magnetic compass\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;consequently\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; more\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;stimulated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; exploration\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;),\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Remark: Please note that the magnetic compass was invented in the third century BC in China. We recommend that this be changed to âimprovements in navigational techniques.â This would be more accurate, as it was during the late 13th century that dead reckoning methods were improved, along with the emergence of more accurate nautical charts.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the invention of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;gunpowder (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;first invented \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe Chinese \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;at the beginning,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;and later\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebrought\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; Europe, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;consequently developed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;art of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;war)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the invention of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;mass print\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;, among others. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fall \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Fall \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of Constantinople in 1453 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;made\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit possible for the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; Greek\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003escholars to travel and bring \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Greek and Latin manuscripts to Italy.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;core\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; of the Renaissance movement \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;humanism\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea movement very often \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;summarized\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; in the words of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Greek\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephilosopher Protagoras\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;\"\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:EN;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;Man is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\
370u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;measure of all things.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;â\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\"\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; It\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;represented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;renewal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; of the ancient Greek\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Roman celebration of the human form.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;thinkers of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;medieval period \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;had \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;used\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; the classics to corroborate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the catholic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;Catholic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;ideology\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; while those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRenaissance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;classics \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;them\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;go\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;delve\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;further \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;philosophy, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;reason, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;intelligence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; 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