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36<link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/share_your_story_white_7d0d78376d.png"/><title>英文校正・英文校閲エナゴ | 1500以上の専門分野。英語論文の英文校正ならEnagoの英文添削サービス</title><meta name="description" content="英文校正・英文校閲なら200万人超の研究者支援実績を誇るエナゴ(Enago)へ。1時間以内に無料お見積もり。査読対策に役立つ無制限再校正も。専門分野に合致した博士・修士号保有ネイティブ英文校正者2名による英語校閲で受理率アップ。研究論文専門の英文校正・英文添削サービス。
37"/><meta property="og:title" content="英文校正・英文校閲エナゴ | 1500以上の専門分野。英語論文の英文校正ならEnagoの英文添削サービス"/><meta property="og:description" content="英文校正・英文校閲なら200万人超の研究者支援実績を誇るエナゴ(Enago)へ。1時間以内に無料お見積もり。査読対策に役立つ無制限再校正も。専門分野に合致した博士・修士号保有ネイティブ英文校正者2名による英語校閲で受理率アップ。研究論文専門の英文校正・英文添削サービス。
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41{
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44  "mainEntity": [{
45    "@type": "Question",
46    "name": "Enago(エナゴ)とは?",
47    "acceptedAnswer": {
48      "@type": "Answer",
49      "text": "Enago(エナゴ)とは、学術研究論文に特化した英文校正と論文投稿支援サービスです。英文校正においては高度な専門性を持つ校正者、厳格な品質管理システムと工程により、エナゴで英文校正を受けた論文が「英語の質」を理由にジャーナルからリジェクトされないことを保証しております。また、投稿支援では英語論文を国際学術誌に投稿する手間・時間・コストを大幅に節約いただけます。
50
51詳しくは「はじめての方へ」をご覧ください。"
52    }
53  },{
54    "@type": "Question",
55    "name": "英文校正サービスとはどんなサービスか?",
56    "acceptedAnswer": {
57      "@type": "Answer",
58      "text": "英文校正サービスとは、論文など専門性の高い内容を読み手に正確に伝えるために、研究対象領域と学術英語の専門知識を持つ校正者が英語文章を磨き上げるサービスです。エナゴの英文校正サービスの強みの一つは、英文校正・英文校閲・英語校正を2名以上で提供する校正の体制にあります。"
59    }
60  },{
61    "@type": "Question",
62    "name": "エナゴにはどのような種類の英文校正サービスがあるのか?",
63    "acceptedAnswer": {
64      "@type": "Answer",
65      "text": "エナゴの主要な英文校正サービスには下記の3つがあります。
66
67・英文の正確性と一貫性を高める「ノーマル英文校正」
68・言語面に加えて論旨や構成を改善する一番人気の「アドバンス英文校正(あんしん保証付き)」
69・トップジャーナル掲載を目指し、厳選校正者が査読視点で原稿を磨き上げる「トップインパクト英文校正(査読対応オプション付き)」
70
71詳細なサービス内容の違いは、「サービス比較ページ」をご覧ください。"
72    }
73  },{
74    "@type": "Question",
75    "name": "エナゴの英文校正サービスで一番人気のサービスは何か?",
76    "acceptedAnswer": {
77      "@type": "Answer",
78      "text": "専門分野の知識を持つ英語ネイティブ校正者と、学術英語の知識を持つもう1名の英語ネイティブ校正者、計2名で校正をお届けするアドバンス英文校正サービスが人気です。回数無制限の再校正(あんしん保証)や英文カバーレター執筆が無料で含まれています。"
79    }
80  },{
81    "@type": "Question",
82    "name": "Enagoの強みと特徴は?",
83    "acceptedAnswer": {
84      "@type": "Answer",
85      "text": "「エナゴの強み」を簡単に申し上げると下記の通りです。
86
87・専門分野が合致する英語ネイティブ校正者が必ず担当し、2名以上の体制で原稿を精査する厳格な品質管理体制
88・2005年の創業以来、世界125か国200万人以上の研究者を支援してきた実績
89・英文校正にとどまらず、翻訳や投稿支援、ワークショップ開催などを通じて研究活動を包括的にサポート
90・研究者の研究環境を向上させ、日本の科学技術の推進及びイノベーションの創出に貢献するサービスとして、文部科学省の研究支援サービス・パートナーシップ(A-PRAS)認定を受領"
91    }
92  },{
93    "@type": "Question",
94    "name": "エナゴではどんな人が英文校正を行うのか?",
95    "acceptedAnswer": {
96      "@type": "Answer",
97      "text": "エナゴの英文校正サービスを担当する校正者のほとんどが、専門分野の修士号・博士号を取得しています。また、多くの校正者が、BELS (Board of Editors in the Life Sciences) やEASE (European Association of Science Editors) など世界の英文校正者のネットワークに参加・登録しています。"
98    }
99  },{
100    "@type": "Question",
101    "name": "エナゴの品質管理体制はどうなっているか?",
102    "acceptedAnswer": {
103      "@type": "Answer",
104      "text": "エナゴでは、英文校正サービスおよび校正者の品質管理システムと行き届いた苦情対応システムの構築により、ISO9001:2015品質マネジメントシステムの国際認証を取得、更新し続けています。詳しくは「品質保証のページ」をご覧ください。
105
106また納品前には、校正の品質が社内水準を満たしているかどうかを品質管理部門が抜き打ち検査しています。"
107    }
108  },{
109    "@type": "Question",
110    "name": "エナゴの英文校閲はどんな専門分野に対応しているか?",
111    "acceptedAnswer": {
112      "@type": "Answer",
113      "text": "エナゴの英文校正は、医学・生命科学、化学、工学、物理などの自然科学系分野から、心理学、教育学、経済学をはじめとする社会科学・人文学系分野まで、1,500以上の幅広い専門領域に対応しています。詳しい「専門分野一覧」も公開しており、お預かりした原稿の内容に合致する専門分野の校正者が担当します。専門用語や分野特有の表現にも適切に対応いたします。"
114    }
115  },{
116    "@type": "Question",
117    "name": "英文校正に品質保証制度はあるか?",
118    "acceptedAnswer": {
119      "@type": "Answer",
120      "text": "はい、エナゴでは「英語の質」を保証する「品質保証制度」を設けています。万が一、英語の質が理由で論文がジャーナルにリジェクトされた場合には、責任をもって再校正を行い、条件に応じて返金にも対応いたします。納品原稿にご満足いただけない場合は、回数無制限で再校正を実施。お客様からのご意見は品質管理部門が検証し、原因分析から改善策の実施まで一貫して対応します。研究者の皆様に安心して論文をご投稿いただけるよう、品質体制とサポート体制の両面から原稿の品質を保証しています。"
121    }
122  },{
123    "@type": "Question",
124    "name": "エナゴの英文校正サービスにはどんな無料サービスが含まれるか?",
125    "acceptedAnswer": {
126      "@type": "Answer",
127      "text": "エナゴの英文校正サービスには、例えば下記のような付加価値無料サービスが含まれます。
128
129・ジャーナルの投稿規程チェックや論文レイアウト調整
130・単語数削減
131・原稿評価カルテ
132・英文校正証明書
133・回数無制限再校正(サービスによる)
134・査読対応付き回数無制限再校正(サービスによる)
135
136詳細は、「無料付帯サービス一覧」あるいは「アフターサービス」をご確認ください。"
137    }
138  },{
139    "@type": "Question",
140    "name": "エナゴでは英文校正証明書を発行しているか?",
141    "acceptedAnswer": {
142      "@type": "Answer",
143      "text": "はい、エナゴでは英文校正をご依頼いただいたすべての原稿に対して英文校正証明書を発行しています。ジャーナル投稿時に必要な場合にもご利用いただけます。
144英文校正証明書の詳細は、「英文校正証明書について」をご確認ください。"
145    }
146  },{
147    "@type": "Question",
148    "name": "エナゴの英文校正にはどのようなアフターサービスがあるか?",
149    "acceptedAnswer": {
150      "@type": "Answer",
151      "text": "回数無制限でご修正原稿を再校正する「あんしん保証」、あんしん保証に査読コメント対応と加筆箇所への再校正が加わった「査読対応オプション」、また担当校正者へのご質問に何度でも無料で回答をご提供する「担当校正者Q&A」など、初回校正原稿の納品後にご利用いただける各種のアフターサービスをご用意しています。詳細は「アフターサービス」をご覧ください。"
152    }
153  },{
154    "@type": "Question",
155    "name": "英文校閲のサンプルはあるか?",
156    "acceptedAnswer": {
157      "@type": "Answer",
158      "text": "「英文校正サンプルのページ」で、50本以上の英文校正原稿のサンプルファイルを公開しています。また、エナゴの上位サービス「トップインパクト英文校正サービス」とエナゴだけのオプションサービス「VIP校正者パック」のページでは、サービス/オプションのサンプルをそれぞれ公開しています。"
159    }
160  },{
161    "@type": "Question",
162    "name": "エナゴでは論文翻訳も行っているか?",
163    "acceptedAnswer": {
164      "@type": "Answer",
165      "text": "日本語で書いた論文を専門分野の知識を持つ最大5名の翻訳者・チェッカーが英語ネイティブの目に耐える学術英語に翻訳する、「論文翻訳・学術翻訳」を提供しています。学術論文の翻訳はもちろん、学術書籍や大学のシラバス、専門用語を含む技術文書やマニュアルの翻訳のご依頼も多くいただいています。"
166    }
167  },{
168    "@type": "Question",
169    "name": "Enagoの投稿支援サービスとは?",
170    "acceptedAnswer": {
171      "@type": "Answer",
172      "text": "エナゴの投稿支援サービスとは、英語論文の作成から投稿、投稿後の再投稿まで、ジャーナルへの論文受理を目指す包括的な支援サービスです。アドバンス英文校正を中心にジャーナル投稿に必要なサポートがつまった2つの「投稿支援パッケージ」をはじめとして、投稿先にふさわしい「ジャーナルの選定サービス」や研究領域の専門家最大3名による「論文の事前査読」、また、残念ながらリジェクトされてしまった論文の問題点を洗い出し改善、再投稿に向けた論文の書き直しをサポートする「リバイス・リジェクト論文の校正」など、必要に応じてお選びいただける単体サービスもご用意しています。"
173    }
174  },{
175    "@type": "Question",
176    "name": "Enagoの英文校正サービスの料金と納期は?",
177    "acceptedAnswer": {
178      "@type": "Answer",
179      "text": "エナゴの英文校正サービスの料金と納期は、原稿の単語数、ご希望の英文校正サービス(ノーマル/アドバンス/トップインパクト)、そしてお選びいただく納期プランに基づいて決まります。10000単語を1日で納品するノーマル英文校正の校正速度は業界トップクラスのスピードです。また、エナゴなら、週末お急ぎのご依頼に対しても追加料金は発生いたしません。
180
181具体的な料金の目安や納期プランの詳細については、「英文校正サービスの料金と納期」をご確認ください。"
182    }
183  },{
184    "@type": "Question",
185    "name": "英文校正の見積もりは無料か?また、原稿が未完成でも概算見積もりを出せるか?",
186    "acceptedAnswer": {
187      "@type": "Answer",
188      "text": "はい、「英文校正のお見積もり」は完全無料です。原稿をアップロードいただければ、英単語数を正確にカウントし、ご希望のサービス内容と納期プランに基づいて「料金と納期」をご案内します。通常、1時間以内にお見積もりをお届けしており、PDF形式でダウンロードいただけます。
189
190まだ原稿が完成していない場合でも、単語数をご入力いただければ概算料金をその場でご確認いただけます。正式な料金と納品予定日は、最終原稿を確認したうえで確定いたします。ご事情やご要望があれば、お見積もりフォームにご記載ください。"
191    }
192  },{
193    "@type": "Question",
194    "name": "エナゴでは最低注文金額や単語数を設定しているか?",
195    "acceptedAnswer": {
196      "@type": "Answer",
197      "text": "エナゴでは最低注文金額や最低注文単語数の制限は設けていません。アブストラクトや原稿の一部など、少量の英文校正・英文校閲にもお気軽のご利用いただけます。料金は単語数・ご希望の英文校正サービス・納期プランに基づいて算出されますので、詳細はお見積もり時にご確認ください。"
198    }
199  },{
200    "@type": "Question",
201    "name": "エナゴでは見積書・納品書・請求書の発行に対応しているか?",
202    "acceptedAnswer": {
203      "@type": "Answer",
204      "text": "はい、科研費を始めとする公費や運営費交付金でのお支払いに必要な見積書・納品書・請求書の発行に対応しています。英文校正のお見積りご依頼時には「お見積り・ご依頼フォーム」で、また、校正原稿の納品後には「お客様専用アカウントのマイページ」で、各種書類の書式や宛名、日付などをご要望に応じて設定いただけます。
205
206また、領収書の発行にも対応しており、マイページよりダウンロードいただけます。"
207    }
208  },{
209    "@type": "Question",
210    "name": "エナゴへの支払い方法は?",
211    "acceptedAnswer": {
212      "@type": "Answer",
213      "text": "銀行振込やクレジットカード決済など、複数のお支払い方法よりお選びいただけます。ご所属機関の規定に応じたお支払いにも対応いたします。
214
215お支払いの流れや詳細な決済方法については、「お支払い方法・手続きの詳細」をご確認ください。"
216    }
217  },{
218    "@type": "Question",
219    "name": "エナゴの営業時間は?",
220    "acceptedAnswer": {
221      "@type": "Answer",
222      "text": "メールでのお問い合わせには年中無休で回答し、お見積もりはいつでも1時間以内にご案内しています。お電話でのお問い合わせは月曜日~土曜日10:00~19:00、03-4580-9713までどうぞ。"
223    }
224  },{
225    "@type": "Question",
226    "name": "エナゴは土日も営業しているか?",
227    "acceptedAnswer": {
228      "@type": "Answer",
229      "text": "はい、土日や祝日もエナゴは24時間年中無休で営業し、いつでも1時間以内にお見積もりをご案内しています。"
230    }
231  },{
232    "@type": "Question",
233    "name": "英文校正は週末や日曜の納品にも対応しているか?",
234    "acceptedAnswer": {
235      "@type": "Answer",
236      "text": "通常、日曜日は英文校正の作業日数にカウントされませんが、お急ぎのお客様にはカスタマイズした作業工程を組み、日曜日の納品も行っています。「お見積もり・ご依頼フォーム」でご希望の納品日と日時をご選択ください。なお、エナゴなら、週末お急ぎのご依頼に対しても追加料金は一切発生しません。"
237    }
238  },{
239    "@type": "Question",
240    "name": "AIを使って作成した論文も英文校正してもらえるか?",
241    "acceptedAnswer": {
242      "@type": "Answer",
243      "text": "はい、AIを使って作成・補助した原稿でもエナゴの英文校正をご依頼いただけます。AI使用後の原稿に特におすすめの校正サービスはこちらです:
244
245・AI原稿の最終確認に適した「AIプラス英文校正サービス」
246・英文の読みやすさと一貫性を保証する「ノーマル英文校正サービス」
247
248近年、生成AIを活用して論文を作成するケースも増えていますが、AIの出力には不自然な表現や専門用語の誤用、論旨の曖昧さが含まれる場合があります。エナゴでは、専門分野に合致する英語ネイティブ校正者が原稿を精査し、学術英語として自然で正確な表現へと整えます。また、投稿先ジャーナルのAI利用規程にも配慮しながら、安心して投稿できる英文へ仕上げます。"
249    }
250  },{
251    "@type": "Question",
252    "name": "論文に含まれる図表や画像内の英文も校正してもらえるか?",
253    "acceptedAnswer": {
254      "@type": "Answer",
255      "text": "論文に附随する図や表も、文字を編集できるWordやExcel、PowerPoint形式でご提供いただければ、論文との表現の統一性を確保しながら英文校正をご提供いたします。英文校正のお見積りご依頼時には、対象原稿として複数のファイルをアップロードいただけます。"
256    }
257  },{
258    "@type": "Question",
259    "name": "グラフィカルアブストラクトの提出必要になったが作成してもらえるか?",
260    "acceptedAnswer": {
261      "@type": "Answer",
262      "text": "「エナゴの研究プロモーションサポート」で、グラフィカルアブストラクト作成サービスをご提供しています。研究分野の知識を持つ担当者による情報整理と監修により、美しくかつ科学的に正しい内容のグラフィック資料を作成します。"
263    }
264  },{
265    "@type": "Question",
266    "name": "Enagoが校正した原稿はどんなジャーナルにアクセプトされているか?",
267    "acceptedAnswer": {
268      "@type": "Answer",
269      "text": "エナゴが校正した原稿は、Springer Nature、Elsevier、ACS、IOP、Wiley、IEEE、Royal Society of Chemistry、BioMed Central、American Society of Hematologyなど、著名な出版社や学術協会が出版する国際ジャーナルにアクセプトされています。"
270    }
271  }]
272}
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285<div class="row slide-container-row" style="align-items:null"><div class="col-12 p-2 p-lg-0 slide-container"><div class="content" style="max-width:null%"><span class="maintitle"><p><em class="iso-desktop">品質管理と情報管理ダブルのISO認証取得<!-- --> </em><span class="redcheck" style="color:#000">英文校正・英文校閲はエナゴ<br/>論文に最適な学術校正サービス</span></p></span><div class="isocard"><div class="row"><div class="col-12 mt-3"><div class="p-2  rounded border-warning"><p><strong>エナゴはISO認証取得企業です</strong></p><p>エナゴは情報セキュリティマネジメントシステム(ISO/IEC 27001:2013)と品質マネジメントシステム(ISO9001:2015)の国際認証ISOを取得、いずれも更新し続けています。全社員が守秘義務誓約書にサインし、お預かりする情報を厳重に管理、お届けする原稿の品質を保証します。 </p></div></div></div></div><span class="details"><div class="raw-html-embed"><h2 class="para-two mb-2">AI時代だからこそ必要なインテグリティを保証する英文校正・<br/>英語校正を、研究領域と学術英語の専門校正者が提供</h2>
286<div class="apras-float">
287<img class="apras-logo" alt="apras-logo" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/apras_logo_7a48f0a51e.svg"/>
288<span class="floating">エナゴのサービスは文部科学省の研究支援サービス・<br/>
289パートナーシップ(A-PRAS)に認定されています</span>
290</div>
291<style>
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296 margin-bottom: 10px;
297}
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307font-size: 16px;
308}
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325の研究者支援実績</div></div><div class="style_top-card__3QjRo col-6 col-md-12 col-lg-3"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/stats_02_e559f9fdf7.svg" alt=""/><div class="style_txt-description__2_Xm_"><em>博士号</em>・修士号取得<br/>
3263000名以上の校正者</div></div><div class="style_top-card__3QjRo col-6 col-md-12 col-lg-3"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/stats_03_c4fef1cf32.svg" alt=""/><div class="style_txt-description__2_Xm_">校正者の平均経験年数<br/>
327<em>19.4年以上</em></div></div><div class="style_top-card__3QjRo col-6 col-md-12 col-lg-3"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/stats_04_ece7a968b8.svg" alt=""/><div class="style_txt-description__2_Xm_">必ず分野の合致する<br/>
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srcSet="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_2094c85016.png?imwidth=256 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_2094c85016.png?imwidth=640 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_2094c85016.png?imwidth=640" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></div></div></div></div></div><button id="TooltipExample" class="style_tooltip-journal__24Du2 btn btn-secondary">i</button></div></div></div><div class="linear-gradient grad-fade-top"><section class=" text-left service-section-home"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div><h1 class="wd65 new-heading">英文校正・英文校閲サービスや<br/>研究支援サービスを、専門家複数体制で</h1><div class="mt-2 text-center primary-width service-para "><div 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329    <p>
330        研究論文の英文校正・英文校閲・英語校正や学術翻訳、ジャーナル投稿支援、
331        <br/>
332        そして査読対応まで、研究者の皆様の論文アクセプトを支える研究支援サービスです。
333        <br/>
334        <br/>
335        医学、薬学、歯学、ライフサイエンス、工学、化学、経済学、社会学、心理学など、
336        <br/>
337        理系と文系すべての専門分野を網羅する3,000名以上の英文校正者や翻訳者が在籍。
338        <br/>
339        分野の博士・修士号を持つ専門家2名以上による英文添削や翻訳サービスで、
340        <br/>
341        論文の英語の質を保証します。
342    </p>
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350</div></div></div></div></div></section><div class="container"><div class="NobelBanner_container__1u_5n undefined" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="NobelBanner_background__3GpXN" style="background-image:url(&#x27;https://cdn.enago.jp/highlycitedauthors.jpg&#x27;);--mb-background:url(&#x27;https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/mobile_bg_nobel_v2_6f757cfc85.jpg&#x27;)"></div><div class="NobelBanner_content__3lonY"><div class="NobelBanner_leftSection__25vLV"><div class="NobelBanner_textSection__2-nEz"><h3 class="NobelBanner_mainTitle__1sweZ">ノーベル賞受賞者へのインタビュー</h3><p class="NobelBanner_subtitle__1vsG7"><p>エナゴでは、ノーベル化学賞受賞者北川進先生、ノーベル物理学賞受賞者益川敏英先生、そしてノーベル物理学賞受賞者中村修二先生という3名のノーベル賞受賞者に、インタビューの申し入れをご快諾いただきました。</p><p>研究に対する情熱や、困難に直面したときの対処方法、若手研究者へのアドバイスなど、様々な示唆に富むお話をエナゴのウェブサイトで公開しています。</p></p><a class="NobelBanner_service-link__S4t-7" target="_blank" href="/interviews/"> <span>ノーベル賞受賞者へのインタビューページへ</span> <img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/icons/right-icon.svg" alt="arrow" width="9" height="18"/></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="clientdata-section text-center"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 separator"></div><div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 pt-4 pt-md-0"><div class="col-12 col-lg-12 mt-0 p-0"></div></div></div><section class="style_clientData__1BoRB"><div class="row text-center mt-0 mt-sm-5 "><div class="col-12"><h2 class="">英文校正ご利用者のご所属先(一例)</h2><div class="text-center primary-width"><p style="margin-left:0px;text-align:center">エナゴの英文校正・英文校閲・論文校正の品質を評価いただき、大学や研究機関の皆様から信頼をいただいています。<br/>(敬称略・一部のみご紹介)</p></div><div class="style_businesstags__vl5Im"><div class="style_client__3cagG"><ul class="style_client-name__16WXp"><li>東京大学</li><li>京都大学</li><li>大阪大学</li><li>東北大学</li><li>九州大学</li></ul><ul class="style_client-name__16WXp"><li>東京科学大学</li><li>物質・材料研究機構</li><li>理化学研究所</li><li>産業技術総合研究所</li><li>海洋研究開発機構</li></ul></div><ul class="style_clientimage__1do5z"><li class="bg-transparent"><a aria-label="東京大学" href="/suisen/"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTU0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg=="/></div><img alt="東京大学" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="東京大学" srcSet="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Elsevier_8de136eea2.png?imwidth=256 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Elsevier_8de136eea2.png?imwidth=384 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Elsevier_8de136eea2.png?imwidth=384" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></a></li><li class="bg-transparent">
350<a aria-label="京都大学" href="/suisen/"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjAyIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg=="/></div><img alt="京都大学" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="京都大学" srcSet="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/OUP_6255e4729e.png?imwidth=256 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/OUP_6255e4729e.png?imwidth=640 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/OUP_6255e4729e.png?imwidth=640" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></a></li><li class="bg-transparent"><a aria-label="大阪大学" href="/suisen/"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjA2IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg=="/></div><img alt="大阪大学" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="大阪大学" srcSet="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/IOP_19119d5ac4.png?imwidth=256 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/IOP_19119d5ac4.png?imwidth=640 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/IOP_19119d5ac4.png?imwidth=640" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></a></li><li class="bg-transparent"><a aria-label="東北大学" href="/suisen/"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTgyIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg=="/></div><img alt="東北大学" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="東北大学" srcSet="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ACS_eb58f9b857.png?imwidth=256 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ACS_eb58f9b857.png?imwidth=384 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ACS_eb58f9b857.png?imwidth=384" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></a></li><li class="bg-transparent">
350<a aria-label="九州大学" href="/suisen/"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTc2IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg=="/></div><img alt="九州大学" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="九州大学" srcSet="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry_3_27d738c41c.png?imwidth=256 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry_3_27d738c41c.png?imwidth=384 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry_3_27d738c41c.png?imwidth=384" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></a></li><li class="bg-transparent"><a aria-label="東京科学大学" href="/suisen/"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjA1IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg=="/></div><img alt="東京科学大学" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="東京科学大学" srcSet="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Wiley_6922bf20be.png?imwidth=256 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Wiley_6922bf20be.png?imwidth=640 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Wiley_6922bf20be.png?imwidth=640" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></a></li><li class="bg-transparent"><a aria-label="物質・材料研究機構" href="/suisen/"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjA2IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg=="/></div><img alt="物質・材料研究機構" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="物質・材料研究機構" srcSet="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Cell_Press_db70273866.png?imwidth=256 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Cell_Press_db70273866.png?imwidth=640 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Cell_Press_db70273866.png?imwidth=640" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></a></li><li class="bg-transparent">
350<a aria-label="理化学研究所" href="/suisen/"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTczIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg=="/></div><img alt="理化学研究所" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="理化学研究所" srcSet="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/AIP_5d9cc52b55.png?imwidth=256 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/AIP_5d9cc52b55.png?imwidth=384 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/AIP_5d9cc52b55.png?imwidth=384" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></a></li><li class="bg-transparent"><a aria-label="産業技術総合研究所" href="/suisen/"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTMwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg=="/></div><img alt="産業技術総合研究所" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="産業技術総合研究所" srcSet="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ASME_2_aca276a5dd.png?imwidth=256 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ASME_2_aca276a5dd.png?imwidth=384 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ASME_2_aca276a5dd.png?imwidth=384" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></a></li></ul></div></div></div></section><div class="cta-section-division dual dual-editing text-center mt-5"><div class=""><div class="custom-flex" style="flex-direction:row-reverse"><a href="https://orders.enago.com/jp/Inquiry/32" class="cta small " target="_self"><span class="top-text">24時間年中無休でご案内</span> <strong class="dual-cta-class ms-lg-0 ms-2">お見積もり・ご依頼はこちらから</strong> <div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjAiIGhlaWdodD0iMTgiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"/></div><img alt="英文校正" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="英文校正" srcSet="pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=32 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=48 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=48" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div> <span class="small-text">1時間以内に返信します</span></a><a class="cta small price " href="/editing-service-pricing/"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/yen.svg" width="28" height="39" alt="英文校正" class="me-3"/>料金と納期<span class="small-text"></span></a></div><div class="iso-wrapper"><div class="iso-image">
350  <div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjUiIGhlaWdodD0iMjUiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"/></div><img alt="iso" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="iso-img" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="iso" srcSet="pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=32 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=64 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=64" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="iso-img" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></div><div class="iso-text">強固な情報セキュリティ体制を保持する企業に与えられるISO/IEC 27001:2013を更新し続けています</div></div></div></div><section class="style_upperstepSection__3Rnjo"><div class="container style_containerBox__2rii3"><div class="style_headerBox__2ciax"><h2 class="style_mainTitle__14qDJ">エナゴの英文校正が選ばれる理由</h2><p class="style_mainDesc__VJ6EK">エナゴの英文校正・英文校閲・研究支援サービスは、2005年の創業以来、
351世界200万人以上の研究者に選ばれてきました。
352長年にわたり培ってきた学術出版支援のノウハウを生かし、
353論文出版までのプロセスを一貫してサポートいたします。</p></div><div class="style_cardsGrid__MRtrv"><div class="style_card__4YHfv"><div class="style_cardNumber__1pRcw">01</div><div class="style_cardContent__3t_Nl"><h3 class="style_cardTitle__34zmD">専門分野ごとの学術校正能力</h3><p class="style_cardDesc__2HzKu">エナゴの英文校正サービスでは、学術論文専門の英文校正者が専門性の高い論文原稿にも対応。分野の専門知識を持つ担当者が、その領域のトップジャーナルの動向なども念頭に校正を行います。</p></div><div class="style_cardLinkWrapper__279fw"><a class="style_cardLink__3Xiy6" href="https://www.enago.jp/native-editors/">英文校正者の概要を見る<svg width="6" height="10" viewBox="0 0 6 10" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1.5L4.5 5L1 8.5" stroke="#000FFF" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="style_card__4YHfv"><div class="style_cardNumber__1pRcw">02</div><div class="style_cardContent__3t_Nl"><h3 class="style_cardTitle__34zmD">対話形式の再校正プロセス</h3><p class="style_cardDesc__2HzKu">校正原稿納品後にお客様ご自身が修正された原稿を回数無制限で再校正するアフターサービスを、納品後180日間~1年間、有償・無償でご利用いただけます。
354</p></div><div class="style_cardLinkWrapper__279fw"><a class="style_cardLink__3Xiy6" href="https://www.enago.jp/after-sales-service/">アフターサービスについて<svg width="6" height="10" viewBox="0 0 6 10" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1.5L4.5 5L1 8.5" stroke="#000FFF" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="style_card__4YHfv"><div class="style_cardNumber__1pRcw">03</div><div class="style_cardContent__3t_Nl"><h3 class="style_cardTitle__34zmD">即日納品など柔軟な納期</h3><p class="style_cardDesc__2HzKu">明朗な料金体系を設定し、最短当日7時間以内に納品する即日納品プランも。英文校正のお見積もり・ご依頼は24時間年中無休で受付中。<b>エナゴなら週末お急ぎのご依頼にも追加料金はありません。</b></p></div><div class="style_cardLinkWrapper__279fw"><a class="style_cardLink__3Xiy6" href="https://www.enago.jp/editing-service-pricing/">
354料金と納期を見る<svg width="6" height="10" viewBox="0 0 6 10" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1.5L4.5 5L1 8.5" stroke="#000FFF" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="style_card__4YHfv"><div class="style_cardNumber__1pRcw">04</div><div class="style_cardContent__3t_Nl"><h3 class="style_cardTitle__34zmD">品質管理と情報管理<br/>ダブルのISO認証</h3><p class="style_cardDesc__2HzKu">品質マネジメントシステムの国際規格と情報セキュリティマネジメントシステムの国際規格、2つの国際認証を取得し更新し続けています。また、安心の返金保証制度「エナゴの約束」もあります。</p></div><div class="style_cardLinkWrapper__279fw"><a class="style_cardLink__3Xiy6" href="https://www.enago.jp/quality/">エナゴの品質保証について<svg width="6" height="10" viewBox="0 0 6 10" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1.5L4.5 5L1 8.5" stroke="#000FFF" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="style_card__4YHfv"><div class="style_cardNumber__1pRcw">05</div><div class="style_cardContent__3t_Nl"><h3 class="style_cardTitle__34zmD">データセキュリティを<br/>最優先に</h3><p class="style_cardDesc__2HzKu">エナゴは研究データのプライバシーを自社開発の技術で守ります。お預かりする英文校正対象ファイルを独自のファイル形式に変換。英文校正のアクティビティを追跡・記録します。
355</p></div><div class="style_cardLinkWrapper__279fw"><a class="style_cardLink__3Xiy6" href="https://www.enago.jp/enago-lock/">Enago Lockの詳細を見る<svg width="6" height="10" viewBox="0 0 6 10" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1.5L4.5 5L1 8.5" stroke="#000FFF" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="style_card__4YHfv"><div class="style_cardNumber__1pRcw">06</div><div class="style_cardContent__3t_Nl"><h3 class="style_cardTitle__34zmD">研究者からの<br/> 評価</h3><p class="style_cardDesc__2HzKu">「ハズレがない」「信頼できる」。エナゴの英文校正・翻訳サービスをご利用いただいた研究者のご感想を約2分30秒の動画でお聞きください。</p></div></div></div></div></section><section class="style_videoOpenerSection__3J7RL"><div class="d-flex justify-content-center" style="width:90%;margin:0 auto"><div class="style_videoWrapper__AhpnH"><div class="style_panel__3KTQf"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/01_jp.webp" alt="千葉大学大学院理学研究院 " class="style_bgImage__1Ohsq"/><div class="style_overlay__1ORe6"></div><div class="style_textContent__1VqGx"><div class="style_redBar___Vpt-"></div><div class="style_textGroup__2afGL"><h4 class="style_title__hKl1i">千葉大学大学院理学研究院 </h4><p class="style_description__18mpq">泉 康雄 教授</p></div></div></div><div class="style_panel__3KTQf"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/02_jp.webp" alt="綌合研究大学院大学 " class="style_bgImage__1Ohsq"/><div class="style_overlay__1ORe6"></div><div class="style_textContent__1VqGx"><div class="style_redBar___Vpt-"></div><div class="style_textGroup__2afGL"><h4 class="style_title__hKl1i">綌合研究大学院大学 </h4><p class="style_description__18mpq">久堀 徹先生</p></div></div></div><div class="style_panel__3KTQf"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/03_jp.webp" alt="日本大学文理学部社会学科 " class="style_bgImage__1Ohsq"/><div class="style_overlay__1ORe6"></div><div class="style_textContent__1VqGx"><div class="style_redBar___Vpt-"></div><div class="style_textGroup__2afGL"><h4 class="style_title__hKl1i">日本大学文理学部社会学科 </h4><p class="style_description__18mpq">石岡丈昇 教授</p></div></div></div><div class="style_playButtonContainer__1bLKt"><div class="style_playButton__JMUSY"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8 6.82v10.36c0 .79.87 1.27 1.54.84l8.14-5.18c.62-.39.62-1.29 0-1.69L9.54 5.98C8.87 5.55 8 6.03 8 6.82z"></path></svg></div></div></div></div></section><div class="container mb-5"><div class="EnagoPromiseNew_promiseSection__1DTFT"><div class="EnagoPromiseNew_promiseWrapper__1-vBD"><div class="EnagoPromiseNew_sealImage__lxOdB"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTMwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjE0NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="/></div><img alt="Enago Promise Seal" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Enago Promise Seal" srcSet="pwaimg/enago-promise-seal.png?imwidth=256 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/enago-promise-seal.png?imwidth=384 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/enago-promise-seal.png?imwidth=384" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></div><p class="EnagoPromiseNew_promiseText__3SUSE">エナゴは、英文校正した論文が、「英語の質」を理由にジャーナルからリジェクトされないことを保証します。高度な専門性を持つ校正者、厳格な品質管理システムと工程により、このお約束を実現しています。万一、英語の質を理由に論文の修正を求められることがあれば、責任を持って再校正いたします。もちろん追加料金はいただきません。</p></div></div></div><div class="cta-section-division dual dual-editing text-center mt-5"><div class=""><div class="custom-flex" style="flex-direction:row-reverse"><a href="https://orders.enago.com/jp/Inquiry/32" class="cta small " target="_self"><span class="top-text">24時間年中無休でご案内</span> <strong class="dual-cta-class ms-lg-0 ms-2">お見積もり・ご依頼はこちらから</strong> <div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjAiIGhlaWdodD0iMTgiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"/></div><img alt="英文校正" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="英文校正" srcSet="pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=32 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=48 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=48" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div> <span class="small-text">1時間以内に返信します</span></a><a class="cta small price " href="/editing-service-pricing/"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/yen.svg" width="28" height="39" alt="英文校正" class="me-3"/>料金と納期<span class="small-text"></span></a></div><div class="iso-wrapper"><div class="iso-image">
355  <div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjUiIGhlaWdodD0iMjUiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"/></div><img alt="iso" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="iso-img" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="iso" srcSet="pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=32 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=64 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=64" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="iso-img" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></div><div class="iso-text">強固な情報セキュリティ体制を保持する企業に与えられるISO/IEC 27001:2013を更新し続けています</div></div></div></div></div></div><section class="style_services-section__1MJp7 text-center"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-12 mt-md-0"><h2 class="wd65 heading-two">英文校正パック・学術翻訳・<br/>研究プロモーションもエナゴで</h2></div></div><div class="row"><div class="style_service-card__Ew3aE  col-md-4 col-sm-12  separator"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMzIwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEyNyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="/></div><img alt="英語編集パック- 英文校正" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="style_service-image__38bpi" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="英語編集パック- 英文校正" srcSet="uploads/service1_956c208a88.png?imwidth=384 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service1_956c208a88.png?imwidth=640 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service1_956c208a88.png?imwidth=640" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="style_service-image__38bpi" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div><h3 class="style_title__4_mP7">英文校正パック</h3><div class="style_txt-description__37Qui">査読対応付きの再校正や再投稿支援まで入った英文校正パックを2種類ご用意しています。
356<ul class="square-list">
357<li>分野の専門家による事前査読とジャーナル推奨がついた:<a href="/publication-support/full-pack/">英文校正フルパック</a></li>
358<li>図画の調整や論文投稿手続き代行などミニマルなサポートをお手頃価格で:<a href="/publication-support/smart-pack/">英文校正スマートパック</a></li>
359</ul></div><div class="text-end"><a target="" class="sectionlink knowmore-link" href="/publication-support/"><span class="small-text readmorelink pe-1">英文校正パック</span> <!-- --> <img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/icons/right-icon.svg" alt="arrow" width="9" height="18"/></a></div></div><div class="style_service-card__Ew3aE  col-md-4 col-sm-12  separator"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMzIwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEyNyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="/></div><img alt="論文の翻訳 - 英文校正" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="style_service-image__38bpi" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="論文の翻訳 - 英文校正" srcSet="uploads/service2_77df67ff1c.png?imwidth=384 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service2_77df67ff1c.png?imwidth=640 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service2_77df67ff1c.png?imwidth=640" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="style_service-image__38bpi" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div><h3 class="style_title__4_mP7">論文翻訳・学術翻訳サービス</h3><div class="style_txt-description__37Qui">日本語で書いた論文を英語に翻訳し、国際ジャーナルへの受理を目指す研究者のための学術翻訳サービスです。
360<ul class="square-list">
361<li><a href="https://www.enago.jp/translation/japanese-english-translation/">日英翻訳・和英翻訳</a>:分野の専門家最大5名による日本語論文の英訳サービス</li>
362<li><a href="https://www.enago.jp/translation/english-japanese-translation/">英日翻訳・英和翻訳</a>:参考資料・文献の読み込み時に有用な英語学術文献の和訳サービス</li>
363</ul></div><div class="text-end"><a target="" class="sectionlink knowmore-link" href="/translation/japanese-english-translation/"><span class="small-text readmorelink pe-1">論文翻訳・学術翻訳サービス</span> <!-- --> <img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/icons/right-icon.svg" alt="arrow" width="9" height="18"/></a></div></div><div class="style_service-card__Ew3aE  col-md-4 col-sm-12  separator"><div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMzIwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEyNyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="/></div><img alt="研究促進支援  - 英文校正" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="style_service-image__38bpi" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="研究促進支援  - 英文校正" srcSet="uploads/service3_6bf473c2a2.png?imwidth=384 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service3_6bf473c2a2.png?imwidth=640 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/service3_6bf473c2a2.png?imwidth=640" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="style_service-image__38bpi" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div><h3 class="style_title__4_mP7">研究プロモーションサポート</h3><div class="style_txt-description__37Qui">研究アウトリーチ活動や、論文の被引用数増加に役立つ9つのプロ―モーションサービスをご用意しています。
364<ul class="square-list">
365<li>研究分野の専門家と高いスキルをもつデザイナーによる、科学的に正確で美しいビジュアル素材</li>
366<li>学術的な内容を一般の人々にも分かりやすくまとめた各種素材ãƒ
366»è³‡æ–™</li>
367</ul></div><div class="text-end"><a target="" class="sectionlink knowmore-link" href="/publication-support/research-promotion-support/"><span class="small-text readmorelink pe-1">研究プロモーションサポート</span> <!-- --> <img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/icons/right-icon.svg" alt="arrow" width="9" height="18"/></a></div></div></div><div class="row text-center"><div class="col-12"><div class="cta-section-division dual dual-editing text-center"><div class=""><div class="custom-flex" style="flex-direction:row-reverse"><a href="https://orders.enago.com/jp/Inquiry/32" class="cta small " target="_self"><span class="top-text">24時間年中無休でご案内</span> <strong class="dual-cta-class ms-lg-0 ms-2">お見積もり・ご依頼はこちらから</strong> <div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjAiIGhlaWdodD0iMTgiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"/></div><img alt="英文校正" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="英文校正" srcSet="pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=32 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=48 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/mage_next.svg?imwidth=48" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div> <span class="small-text">1時間以内に返信します</span></a><a class="cta small price " href="/editing-service-pricing/"><img src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/yen.svg" width="28" height="39" alt="英文校正" class="me-3"/>料金と納期<span class="small-text"></span></a></div><div class="iso-wrapper"><div class="iso-image">  <div style="display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0"><div style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;max-width:100%"><img style="max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0;border:none;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjUiIGhlaWdodD0iMjUiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"/></div><img alt="iso" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="iso-img" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="iso" srcSet="pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=32 1x, https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=64 2x" src="https://cdn.enago.jp/pwaimg/cta-icons/iso.svg?imwidth=64" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="iso-img" loading="lazy"/></noscript></div></div><div class="iso-text">強固な情報セキュリティ体制を保持する企業に与えられるISO/IEC 27001:2013を更新し続けています</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="style_lowerstepSection__3IG8t"><div class="container style_containerBox__2Kif2"><div class="style_headerBox__1N9BX"><h2 class="style_mainTitle__gWHvL">英文校正サービスご利用の流れ</h2><p class="style_mainDesc__NvslK">研究者の皆様に研究そのものに注力いただくための、
368エナゴの英文校正・翻訳・投稿支援サービス。
369見積・納品・請求書を即時発行、ご依頼者様やご所属機関による納品原稿の
370検収完了後にスムーズにお支払いいただけます。</p></div><div class="style_stepsGrid__zgPTq"><div class="style_stepCard__3efC_"><div class="style_stepNumber__2sFNY">STEP 01</div><h3 class="style_stepTitle__2CYw7">英文校正お見積もり</h3><p class="style_stepDesc__fffRv">ご希望の英文校正サービス/再校正サービスをお選びいただきましたら、お見積もり・ご注文フォームよりお問い合わせください。お見積もりは無料です。</p></div><div class="style_stepCard__3efC_"><div class="style_stepNumber__2sFNY">
370STEP 02</div><h3 class="style_stepTitle__2CYw7">英文校正お見積もりの確定</h3><p class="style_stepDesc__fffRv">お問い合わせから1時間以内にメールでお見積もりをお送りします。内容をご確認のうえ、ご発注ください。</p></div><div class="style_stepCard__3efC_"><div class="style_stepNumber__2sFNY">STEP 03</div><h3 class="style_stepTitle__2CYw7">英文校正のスタート</h3><p class="style_stepDesc__fffRv">専門分野の合致する2名以上の校正者で作業を進めていきます。Word、Excel、PPT、TeX、PDF、どんなファイル形式にも対応します。</p></div><div class="style_stepCard__3efC_"><div class="style_stepNumber__2sFNY">STEP 04</div><h3 class="style_stepTitle__2CYw7">英文校正原稿の納品</h3><p class="style_stepDesc__fffRv">英文校正が終わりましたら、お客様専用マイページより校正済み原稿を納品いたします。納品完了のお知らせはメールでも送りします。</p></div><div class="style_stepCard__3efC_"><div class="style_stepNumber__2sFNY">STEP 05</div><h3 class="style_stepTitle__2CYw7">ご請求</h3><p class="style_stepDesc__fffRv">見積書・納品書・請求書の3点と、ご希望に応じて納品完了報告書や領収書(お支払い金額の受領確認後)を発行いたします。</p></div><div class="style_stepCard__3efC_"><div class="style_stepNumber__2sFNY">STEP 06</div><h3 class="style_stepTitle__2CYw7">アフターサービス</h3><p class="style_stepDesc__fffRv">1年間/180日間有効の査読対応付き/回数無制限再校正、担当校正者無料Q&amp;Aなどを、お客様専用マイページからご利用ください。</p></div></div><div class="style_linkWrapper__uCpQX"><a class="style_bottomLink__YkrSK" href="https://www.enago.jp/payment-process/">公費での後払いに対応するお支払い方法について<svg width="7" height="11" viewB
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370年の創業以来、世界125か国200万人以上の研究者を支援してきた実績\n・英文校正にとどまらず、翻訳や投稿支援、ワークショップ開催などを通じて研究活動を包括的にサポート\n・研究者の研究環境を向上させ、日本の科学技術の推進及びイノベーションの創出に貢献するサービスとして、文部科学省の研究支援サービス・パートナーシップ(A-PRAS)認定を受領\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"エナゴではどんな人が英文校正を行うのか?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"エナゴの英文校正サービスを担当する校正者のほとんどが、専門分野の修士号・博士号を取得しています。また、多くの校正者が、BELS (Board of Editors in the Life Sciences) やEASE (European Association of Science Editors) など世界の英文校正者のネットワークに参加・登録しています。\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"エナゴの品質管理体制はどうなっているか?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"エナゴでは、英文校正サービスおよび校正者の品質管理システムと行き届いた苦情対応システムの構築により、ISO9001:2015品質マネジメントシステムの国際認証を取得、更新し続けています。詳しくは「品質保証のページ」をご覧ください。\n\nまた納品前には、校正の品質が社内水準を満たしているかどうかを品質管理部門が抜き打ち検査しています。\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"エナゴの英文校閲はどんな専門分野に対å¿
370œã—ているか?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"エナゴの英文校正は、医学・生命科学、化学、工学、物理などの自然科学系分野から、心理学、教育学、経済学をはじめとする社会科学・人文学系分野まで、1,500以上の幅広い専門領域に対応しています。詳しい「専門分野一覧」も公開しており、お預かりした原稿の内容に合致する専門分野の校正者が担当します。専門用語や分野特有の表現にも適切に対応いたします。\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"英文校正に品質保証制度はあるか?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"はい、エナゴでは「英語の質」を保証する「品質保証制度」を設けています。万が一、英語の質が理由で論文がジャーナルにリジェクトされた場合には、責任をもって再校正を行い、条件に応じて返金にも対応いたします。納品原稿にご満足いただけない場合は、回数無制限で再校正を実施。お客様からのご意見は品質管理部門が検証し、原因分析から改善策の実施まで一貫して対応します。研究者の皆様に安心して論文をご投稿いただけるよう、品質体制とサポート体制の両面から原稿の品質を保証しています。\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"エナゴの英文校正サービスにはどんな無料サービスが含まれるか?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"エナゴの英文校正サービスには、例えば下記のような付加価値無料サービスが含まれます。\n\n・ジャーナルの投稿規程チェックや論文レイアウト調整\n・単語数削減\n・原稿評価カルテ\n・英文校正証明書\n・回数無制限再校正(サービスによる)\n・査読対応付き回数無制限再校正(サービスによる)\n\n詳細は、「無料付帯サービス一覧」あるいは「アフターサービス」をご確認ください。\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"エナゴでは英文校正証明書を発行しているか?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"はい、エナゴでは英文校正をご依頼いただいたすべての原稿に対して英文校正証明書を発行しています。ジャーナル投稿時に必要な場合にもご利用いただけます。\n英文校正証明書の詳細は、「英文校正証明書について」をご確認ください。\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"エナゴの英文校正にはどのようなアフターサービスがあるか?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"回数無制限でご修正原稿を再校正する「あんしん保証」、あんしん保証に査読コメント対応と加筆箇所への再校正が加わった「査読対応オプション」、また担当校正者へのご質問に何度でも無料で回答をご提供する「担当校正者Q\u0026A」など、初回校正原稿の納品後にご利用いただける各種のアフターサービスをご用意しています。詳細は「アフターサービス」をご覧ください。\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"英文校閲のサンプルはあるか?\",\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"「英文校正サンプルのページ」で、50本以上の英文校正原稿のサンプルファイルを公開しています。また、エナゴの上位サービス「トップインパクト英文校正サービス」とエナゴだけのオプションサービス「VIP校正者パック」のページでは、サービス/オプションのサンプルをそれぞれ公開しています。\"\n    }\n  },{\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"エナゴでは論文翻訳も行っているか?\",\n    \"acceptedA
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This\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;issue is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimportant when the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; heart rate \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;50 bpm and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026gt;120\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;bpm.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Moreover,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Accurate measurement of the QT interval\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis also important in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;athletes and children who have a significant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeat-to-beat variability of the R–R interval\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; may need\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. In such cases, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;prolonged and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enumerous recordings\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;for accuracy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may be necessary\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elongest\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Longest\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; QT interval is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egenerally observed in the right precordial leads.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econgenital disorder\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; characterized by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which shows\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a protracted QT interval on\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electrocardiogram\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ECG\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This condition predisposes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients to the development of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econdition influences \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ventricular \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370tachyarrhythmia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tachyarrhythmias to develop in people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, which may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elead to syncope, cardiac arrest, or sudden \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cardiac \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;death.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Additionally\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLQTS\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, QT prolongation can lead to polymorphic ventricular\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etachycardia, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;also referred to as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etorsade de pointes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This condition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; itself may \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;result in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lead to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Considerably,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etorsade\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Torsade\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; de pointes is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;widely thought to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;triggered by calcium channel\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereactivation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;delayed sodium current\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereactivation, or a diminished outward potassium current that results in early\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eafterdepolarization (EAD). This leads to enhanced\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"An abbreviation is generally defined at its first use in the text and the abbreviated form is consistently used thereafter.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;transmural dispersion of repolarization (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;TDR\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand is usually associated with a prolonged QT interval. TDR serves as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efunctional reentry background to maintain torsade de pointes. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;TDR \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;It \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;provides\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reentry \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;background\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; for reentry\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and increases the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;risk \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;likelihood \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEAD, the trigger for torsade de pointes, by \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;extending\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the extension of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewindow for calcium channels to remain open. Any \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;additional\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;further \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;condition \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;accelerat\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the reactivation of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;calcium channel\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactivation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(e.g., increased sympathetic tone)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; increases the risk of EAD.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Prolonged recovery from excitation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreases the \u
3700026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;probability \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;chance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;dispersion of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;refractoriness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; dispersion\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; when some parts of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some singular nouns refer to one specific thing (the only one of its kind), and therefore, “the” is placed before the noun. Here, the has been used to denote specificity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emyocardium are refractory to subsequent depolarization. From a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephysiologic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; viewpoint, dispersion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoccurs with repolarization \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;between\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the three layers of the heart\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and the repolarization phase tends to be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprolonged in the myocardium. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This is the reason\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Therefore,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;why \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;T wave is usually wide and the interval from \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;peak of the T\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;wave to its end (Tp-e) represents \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the transmural dispersion of repolarization (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;TDR\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. In \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;long QT syndrome\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;LQTS\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, TDR increases and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecreates a functional background for transmural reentry.\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;For accurate measurement of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;QT interval, the relationship between QT and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;R–R interval\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshould be repeatable\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This issue is important\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;particularly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;when the heart rate \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;50\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;bpm and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026gt;120 bpm. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Moreover, a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ccurate measurement of the QT interval is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;important in athletes and children who have a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esignificant beat-to-beat variability of the R–R interval. In such cases,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprolonged and numerous recordings may be necessary. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003el\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;L\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ongest QT interval is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egenerally observed in the right precordial leads.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econgenital disorder\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; characterized by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which shows\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a protracted QT interval on\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electrocardiogram\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ECG\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;LQTS \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This condition \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370influences ventricular\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etachyarrhythmia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;develop\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich may lead to syncope, cardiac arrest, or sudden \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;cardiac \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;death. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Additionally\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In LQTS\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, QT prolongation can lead to polymorphic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eventricular tachycardia, which is also referred to as torsade de pointes. This\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econdition itself may \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lead to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cause \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edeath. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Torsade de pointes is widely\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethought to be triggered by calcium channel reactivation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;delayed sodium current reactivation, or a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediminished outward potassium current that results in early afterdepolarization\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(EAD). This leads to enhanced \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"An abbreviation is generally defined at its first use in the text and the abbreviated form is consistently used thereafter.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;transmural dispersion of repolarization (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;TDR\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis usually associated with a prolonged QT interval. TDR serves as a functional\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereentry background to maintain torsade de pointes. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;It\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;TDR\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; provides a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reentry\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;background\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; for reentry\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreases the likelihood of EAD, the trigger for torsade de pointes, by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the extension of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;extending\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe time window for calcium channels to remain open. Any additional condition\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccelerating the reactivation of calcium channels (e.g., increased sympathetic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etone)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; increases the risk of EAD.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Prolonged recovery from excitation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreases the \u
3700026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;probability \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;chance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of dispersion of refractoriness\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; when some parts of \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some singular nouns refer to one specific thing (the only one of its kind), and therefore, “the” is placed before the noun. Here, the has been used to denote specificity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;myocardium are refractory to subsequent depolarization. From a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephysiologic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; viewpoint, dispersion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoccurs with repolarization of the three layers of the heart\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and the repolarization phase tends to be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprolonged in the myocardium. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This is the reason why\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Therefore,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;T\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewave is usually wide and the interval from \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;peak\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the T\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;wave\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto its end (Tp-e) represents \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the transmural dispersion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof repolarization (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;TDR\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. In \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;long QT syndrome (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;LQTS\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTDR increases and creates a functional background for transmural reentry.\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"心臓病学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"心臓病学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:17.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-21T17:26:10.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":356,"titleslug":"cardiology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":49,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Cardiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cardiology_44c265c24b","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":151.54,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cardiology_44c265c24b.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:25:54.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:25:54.000Z"}
370,"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":48,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Cardiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cardiology_0a7cdfe93d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":149.28,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cardiology_0a7cdfe93d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:25:53.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:25:53.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"心臓病学"},{"id":81,"salevelthree":{"id":361,"name":"Endocrinology (内分泌学)","saleveltwo":26,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:50:34.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":true,"status":true,"icon":{"id":4864,"name":"Endocrinology_1_939c09f210.svg.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":74,"height":74,"formats":null,"hash":"Endocrinology_1_939c09f210_svg_d64ae4746d","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":3.48,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Endocrinology_1_939c09f210_svg_d64ae4746d.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":4,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":26,"title":"内分泌学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、内分泌系と関連する疾病などに関する論文を多数校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。糖尿病治療、肥満診療、下垂体障害など、扱う内容が多岐にわたる内分泌学分野において、専門知識を有する校正者が校閲・校正を行います。こちらが内分泌学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eterm \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;β-thalassemia intermedia (β-\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is a term that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;describes \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patients with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;form of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;milder anemia than \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patients with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;β-thalassemia major.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIneffective erythropoiesis, chronic hemolytic anemia, and iron overload are the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emain factors responsible for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;prognosis \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the disease process \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;β-TI. Chronic \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hemolytic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;anemia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emay \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have such adverse effects as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;result in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;gastrointestinal iron absorption and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eiron overload, which\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;in turn \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecause endocrine abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, hypothyroidism,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand hypogonadism. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The options available for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emanaging patients with β-TI include \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Iron\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;iron \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;chelation therapy,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esplenectomy, transfusion therapy, and modulation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproduction\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; are several available options for managing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients with β-TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Pharmacological agents that increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eγ-globin production\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; [e.g.,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Hydroxyurea\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hydroxyurea \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(HU\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)], \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eevidenced by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HbF\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; levels\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, have been considered \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;therapeutic agents for patients with β-\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thalassemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncreas\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the synthesis of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Once an abbreviation is introduced in the text, the abbreviated form is used consistently at all subsequent mentions.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fetal hemoglobin\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;HbF\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;synthesis \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehelp reduce anemia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, thereby\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;improve \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;improving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the clinical condition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of these patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients with β-TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In several\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients with β-TI and in patients with sickle-cell disease, a rise\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Increases\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in total HbF level\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;during HU treatment\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;been repeatedly reported\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eduring HU treatment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in several patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith β-TI and in those with sickle-cell disease\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. HU treatment\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecan reduce blood transfusion dependency and even make some patients transfusion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efree, increasing their energy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;state \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;level \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and decreasing splenomegaly.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The pronoun “it” is used at this instance to avoid repeating the term “HU treatment” as the previous statement also pertains to HU treatment. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;HU treatment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;It\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprotective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;protects\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;against \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hypothyroidism,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epulmonary hypertension, extramedullary hematopoiesis, leg ulcers, and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eosteoporosis.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;The\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;commonest \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;most common \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;side\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeffects of \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, it is preferable to use consistent terminology so that concepts are clearly understood. The term “HU therapy” has been revised to “HU treatment” for consistency.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHU \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;therapy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einclude neutropenia and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrombocytopenia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;both of which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;these \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;are predictable and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;easily \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;manageable\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;managed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. In the few studies conducted on the side\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeffects of HU \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;β-TI \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith β-TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, dermatological, neurological, and gastrointestinal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadverse effects \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have been \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;seen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;without any reports of endocrine\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabnormality, bone marrow suppression, or hematological toxicity. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In the present study,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;We\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;aimed to perform \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;medium\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; to long-term follow-up of chronic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Compound adjectives that modify a single noun are typically hyphenated, except when the first word of the adjective is an adverb ending with “-ly.” Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;low\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;dose HU\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was inspected to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;analyze \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;analyzing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;effect\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of HU treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on the thyroid function\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof patients with β-TI.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;β-thalassemia intermedia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(β-TI) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is a term that describes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patients with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; milder \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;form of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;anemia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethan \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patients with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;β-thalassemia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emajor. Ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic hemolytic anemia, and iron overload\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare the main factors responsible for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;disease\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;process \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;prognosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;patients with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;β-TI. Chronic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eanemia may have \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;such \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;adverse effects\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincrease\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;gastrointestinal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eiron absorption and iron overload, which \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in turn can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; cause endocrine abnormalities,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism. Iron\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echelation therapy, splenectomy, transfusion therapy, and modulation of fetal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehemoglobin (HbF) production are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;several available\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; options \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;available\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for managing patients with β-TI. Pharmacological agents that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincrease γ-globin production\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Hydroxyurea \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hydroxyurea\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(HU), as evidenced by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HbF\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; levels\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, have been considered as therapeutic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eagents for patients with β-\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thalassemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Increasing the synthesis of \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Once an abbreviation is introduced in the text, the abbreviated form is used consistently at all subsequent mentions.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fetal hemoglobin\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;HbF\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecan help reduce anemia and\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; thereby\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; improve the clinical condition of patients with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eβ-TI. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In several patients with β-TI and in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients with sickle-cell disease, a rise\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Increases\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein total HbF level\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;been\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erepeatedly reported during HU treatment\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in several\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients with β-TI and in patients with sickle-cell disease\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. HU\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etreatment can reduce blood transfusion dependency and even make some patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransfusion free, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increasing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which in turn increases \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;their energy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;state \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;level \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;decreasing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;decreases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;splenomegaly. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;HU treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;It also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is protective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;protects\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;against \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hypothyroidism, pulmonary hypertension,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eextramedullary hematopoiesis, leg ulcers, and osteoporosis.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;commonest \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;most common \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;side effects of \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, it is preferable to use consistent terminology so that concepts are clearly understood. The term “HU therapy” has been revised to “HU treatment” for consistency.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHU \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;therapy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;include\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eneutropenia and thrombocytopenia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;both of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;these \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;are predictable and easily manageable. In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe few studies conducted on the side effects of HU\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etreatment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;β-TI \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; with β-TI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, dermatological, neurological,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand gastrointestinal adverse effects were \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;seen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;without any reports of endocrine\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabnormality, bone marrow suppression, or hematological toxicity. In the present\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estudy, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;we aimed to perform \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;medium\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; to long-term follow-up of chronic \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Compound adjectives that modify a single noun are typically hyphenated, except when the first word of the adjective is an adverb ending with “-ly.” Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;low\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;dose HU\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was inspected \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in order\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to analyze \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;effect \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of HU\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etreatment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on the thyroid function of patients with β-TI.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"内分泌学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"内分泌学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:18.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-21T17:26:49.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":361,"titleslug":"endocrinology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":51,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Endocrinology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Endocrinology_c64f71794e","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":163.15,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Endocrinology_c64f71794e.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:26:34.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:26:34.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":50,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Endocrinology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Endocrinology_8730c3617a","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":161.63,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Endocrinology_8730c3617a.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:26:34.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:26:34.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"内分泌学"},{"id":88,"salevelthree":{"id":362,"name":"Epidemiology (疫学)","saleveltwo":26,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:51:54.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":true,"status":true,"icon":{"id":4865,"name":"epidemiology_afdb577116.svg.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":74,"height":74,"formats":null,"hash":"epidemiology_afdb577116_svg_ada186c12f","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":4.6,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/epidemiology_afdb577116_svg_ada186c12f.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":5,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":26,"title":"疫学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、疫学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。疫学および、派生する環境疫学、職業疫学、疾病監視など、各分野の修士号や博士号を持つ校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが疫学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The sentence has been modified for providing some additional information about ASF as it is the core topic on which the study is based.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;African\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eswine fever (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ASF\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is a hemorrhagic viral disease that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;been introduced \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;spread\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;into \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;European Union \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(EU)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMS\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Member States\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;via \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;distinct\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003espread \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;processes.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; The first process\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvolves \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;continuous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Repetition of words or phrases that convey the same meaning hampers the readability of a sentence. Here, “wild boar-mediated” and “through wild boar populations” convey the same meaning, and therefore, the former has been deleted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mediated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003espread through wild boar populations and meta\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Hyphens are less commonly used in American English to connect prefixes to the main word, unless their use is absolutely essential to avoid ambiguity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epopulations, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the speed of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epropagation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;notably \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;considerably \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;slower than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;some \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;other\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einfectious \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wild boar \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;diseases\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370 in wild boar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esecond process \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;human\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mediated translocations leading\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the establishment of new ASF clusters distant from areas of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprevious \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ASF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;occurrence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; via human-mediated translocations\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; In affected areas within the established ASF range,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;here\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehas been continued sporadic detection of cases \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaffected areas within the established ASF range \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;despite very low \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;densities\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewild boars\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ocal introduction \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF into wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in the Czech Republic was the only \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;occasion \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;incidence of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrolled spread of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ASF\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; spread in wild boar was apparently controlled\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Elsewhere, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ASF continue\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to expand into new areas\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in other regions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. In most \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;affected \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;countries, the\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;re\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; number of outbreaks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;been \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;many cases \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;high \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and relatively \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;few \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;low \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;outbreaks \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in domestic pigs. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;n Romania, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;however, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eopposite has been observed. Th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;observ\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pattern \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRomania should be interpreted with caution until \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epotential for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;under\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;detection of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF in wild boar populations can be excluded\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epossibility\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. This will require systematic surveillance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;activities in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wild\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eboar populations. Under\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;detection of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF in wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; could \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;occur \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;even \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eother regions, and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;should be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;avoided\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrough intense passive surveillance of wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;emporal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatterns in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;proportions of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;positive-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;tested samples \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that are positive are consistent with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reflect \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the different epidemiological \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;situations \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;status \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;countries. For example, in Lithuania,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there is both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;spatial expansion of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;affected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003earea and an increase in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the proportion of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;polymerase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echain reaction (PCR)\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;positive \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;animals \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found dead\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enoted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;By \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;contrast, in Estonia, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there is a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reduction \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;decrease \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe proportion of PCR\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;positive \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;results in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe last reporting period \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; found dead\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the last reporting period has been noted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;given that ASF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;given\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat infection \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has been present throughout the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;whole \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;country for several years.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;ASF has been introduced into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEuropean Union\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Abbreviations can be deleted and only the spelled out form can be retained if the abbreviation is not used elsewhere in the text.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(EU) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;MS\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;via \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;two distinct \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;spread\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;processes: continuous \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Repetition of words or phrases that convey the same meaning hampers the readability of a sentence. Here, “wild boar-mediated” and “through wild boar populations” convey the same meaning, and therefore, the former has been deleted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mediated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;spread through wild boar populations\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; and meta\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Hyphens are less commonly used in American English to connect prefixes to the main word, unless their use is absolutely essential to avoid ambiguity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;populations\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(via \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;which the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;speed of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;propagation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis notably slower than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; some other infectious diseases in wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehuman\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;mediated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etranslocations \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lead\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to the establishment of new ASF clusters\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edistant from areas of previous \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ASF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;occurrence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. In affected areas within the established ASF\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erange, there has been continued sporadic detection of cases despite very low \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;densities of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; densities\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ocal introduction \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF into wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in the Czech Republic was the only occasion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF spread in wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; was \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;apparently \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;controlled. Elsewhere, ASF continues to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpand into new areas. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ost affected countries\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;been \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;many \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and relatively few\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoutbreaks in domestic pigs. In Romania, however, the opposite has been\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eobserved. Th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;observ\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pattern \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRomania should be interpreted with caution until \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epotential for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;under\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;detection of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF in wild boar populations can be excluded\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epossibility\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. This will require systematic surveillance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;activities in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wild\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eboar populations. Under\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\";color:red\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;detection of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF in wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; could also occur in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eother regions\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and should be avoided\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrough intense passive surveillance of wild boar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;emporal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatterns in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;proportions of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tested \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;samples that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;tested \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;positive are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsistent with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;different\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eepidemiological situations in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;countries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example, in Lithuania, there is both spatial expansion of the ASF\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;affected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003earea and an increase in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the proportion of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;polymerase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echain reaction (PCR)\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;positive \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;animals \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found dead. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;By\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;contrast, in Estonia,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;there is a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reduction \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;decrease \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe proportion of PCR\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Cambria Math\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:\"Cambria Math\"\"\u0026gt;‐\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;positive \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wild boars \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;results in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe last reporting period \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wild boar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; found dead\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the last reporting period\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;given that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eASF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;given that infection \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeen present throughout the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;whole \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;country\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor several years.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"疫学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"疫学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:19.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-21T17:27:12.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":362,"titleslug":"epidemiology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":53,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Epidemiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Epidemiology_0c0d27d6dc","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":267.04,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Epidemiology_0c0d27d6dc.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:30:44.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:30:44.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":52,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Epidemiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Epidemiology_d55f97c52d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":255.88,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Epidemiology_d55f97c52d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:30:44.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:30:44.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"疫学"},{"id":89,"salevelthree":{"id":364,"name":"Gastroenterology (胃腸病学)","saleveltwo":26,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:52:18.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":true,"status":true,"icon":{"id":4866,"name":"Gastroenterology_805ca45563.svg.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":74,"height":74,"formats":null,"hash":"Gastroenterology_805ca45563_svg_d4be2d1e6f","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":2.74,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Gastroenterology_805ca45563_svg_d4be2d1e6f.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":6,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":26,"title":"胃腸病学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、胃腸病学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。胃腸病学および、肝臓学、直腸病学など、関連分野の修士号や博士号を持つ校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが胃腸病学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Acute pancreatitis induced by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hypecalcemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hypercalcemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edue to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;very\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erare\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; condition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, and its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;prevalence \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is estimated to be between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;estimated to be between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;1.5%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;7%. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Previous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;tudies\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conducted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; India report \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;incidence \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of PHPT\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to be between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;6.8% and 12%. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients with PHPT and resulting hypercalcemia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;experience \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pancreatitis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;10\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;20\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-fold\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;times \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;often \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;often than\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;than\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the general population. \u0026lt;span style=\"background: #ffd5d5\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The metabolic causes of acute pancreatitis include diabetic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eketoacidosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercalcemia with or without\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehyperparathyroidism. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Normally, h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ypocalcemia \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpected \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;generally occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;during\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ean attack of acute pancreatitis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Terms such as thus, therefore, furthermore, and however are used as transition words to help in a better flow of ideas. Here, thus helps connect the two sentences and helps a reader understand that the former sentence helps understand why hypercalcemia is a strong predictor for PHPT.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; thus, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text has been re-arranged so that the reasons why elevated serum calcium levels can indicate the presence of hyperparathyroidism or malignancy can be more clearly understood.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"background: #ffd5d5\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hypercalcemia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis a strong \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;clue \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;predictor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;suspecting\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;PHPT. Hence, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;findings of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;elevated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eserum calcium \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;associated with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epancreatitis should \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;alert the physician to either \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be indicative of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hyperparathyroidism or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emalignancy. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The metabolic causes of acute\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epancreatitis include diabetic ketoacidosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehypercalcemia with or without hyperparathyroidism. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estyle='color:blue'\u0026gt;The most common etiologies of pancreatitis are g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;G\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;allstones and alcoholism\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; are the commonest etiological\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eagents of pancreatitis.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; Serum calcium \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;level\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is not routinely measured in all patients diagnosed with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;first\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eattack of acute pancreatitis as it is not \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;common \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;etiology\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Some patients suffer from \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emore \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Ensuring accurate singular or plural form usage is essential for grammatical accuracy. Here, as more than one attack is being referred to, the plural form (attacks) is used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;attack \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;attacks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof pancreatitis before \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;being diagnosed with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; PHPT. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Here \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;W\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;w\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edescribe \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the case of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a 30-year-old\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patient \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;who presented to a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egastroenterology unit with severe upper abdominal pain, vomiting, and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a 3-day\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fever\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of 3 days’ duration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. She had \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;experienced \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Removing redundancy aids in better readability and comprehension. Here, “a similar episode of symptoms” has been revised to “sim
370ilar symptoms” to present the same idea in a more concise manner.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;similar episode of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;similar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; symptoms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 months previously, for which she was admitted to a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;civil\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hospital\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and diagnosed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, where she was diagnosed as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;case of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;acute\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epancreatitis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. There, she was\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and was\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; managed conservatively and discharged\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eafter 7 days. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;She had no\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;No\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;additional risk factors\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecausing acute pancreatitis such as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;history\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; alcohol consumption\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; hyperlipidemia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egallstones were present.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehad \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;undergone \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cholecystectomy 1.5 years earlier for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;gall\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stone\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter proper evaluation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;she was diagnosed with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;diagnosis of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;post-cholecystectomy acute pancreatitis\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; was made, a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nd\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the patient \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;was managed conservatively. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However, she was readmitted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;W\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;w\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ithin the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enext 5 months\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, she was again admitted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;after\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexperiencing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;dyspeptic symptoms and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabdominal pain \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;pain in abdomen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 20\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edays\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’ duration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. On \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;physical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;examination, the abdomen was \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;found to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;soft with diffuse tenderness, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;especially \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;particularly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in the right hypochondrium.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Acute pancreatitis induced by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hypecalcemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hypercalcemia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edue to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a very rare condition, and its\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprevalence is estimated to be between 1.5% and 7%. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Previous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;tudies\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conducted in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;India report \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;incidence \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of PHPT\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;between 6.8% and 12%. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith PHPT and resulting hypercalcemia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;experience \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pancreatitis\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;10\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;20 times more often \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;than\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;than\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egeneral population.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; Normally,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ypocalcemia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;generally \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;expected \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to occur \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;during an attack of acute pancreatitis\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Terms such as thus, therefore, furthermore, and however are used as transition words to help in a better flow of ideas. Here, thus helps connect the two sentences and helps a reader understand that the former sentence helps understand why hypercalcemia is a strong predictor for PHPT.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; thus, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hypercalcemia is a strong \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;clue \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;predictor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;suspecting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;PHPT. Hence, elevated serum\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecalcium \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;associated with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epancreatitis should alert the physician \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to either \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to suspect \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hyperparathyroidism or malignancy. The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emetabolic causes of acute pancreatitis include diabetic ketoacidosis,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehypertriglyceridemia, and hypercalcemia with or without hyperparathyroidism. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The most common etiologies of pancreatitis are g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;G\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;allstones and alcoholism\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; are the commonest etiological agents of pancreatitis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSerum calcium\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; level\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; is not routinely\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emeasured in all patients diagnosed with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;first attack of acute pancreatitis as it is not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;common\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;etiology\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome patients suffer from \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; or more \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Ensuring accurate singular or plural form usage is essential for grammatical accuracy. Here, as more than one attack is being referred to, the plural form (attacks) is used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;attack \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;attacks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;of pancreatitis before \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the diagnosis of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediagnosed with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;PHPT. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Here \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;W\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;w\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edescribe \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the case of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a 30-year-old\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efemale \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patient \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;who presented to a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egastroenterology unit with severe upper abdominal pain, vomiting, and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a 3-day\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fever\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of 3 days’ duration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. She\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Removing redundancy aids in better readability and comprehension. Here, “a similar episode of symptoms” has been revised to “sim
370ilar symptoms” to present the same idea in a more concise manner.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; had \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a similar episode of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;similar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esymptoms 2 months previously, for which she was admitted to a civil hospital\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and diagnosed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, where\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshe was diagnosed as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;case of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;acute pancreatitis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. There, she was\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; managed conservatively and discharged after 7 days. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;She had no\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;No\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;additional risk factors causing acute pancreatitis\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esuch as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;alcohol\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsumption\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eor\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; hyperlipidemia\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; however, she had\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehistory of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;gallstones\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were present.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich she\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;She\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; had \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;undergone\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cholecystectomy 1.5 years earlier\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estone\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Therefore, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fter\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproper evaluation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;she was diagnosed with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;diagnosis of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;post-cholecystectomy acute pancreatitis\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; was made, a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nd\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the patient \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;was managed conservatively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWithin the next 5 months, she was \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;again \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;re\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;admitted \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;after experiencing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;dyspeptic symptoms and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; abdominal pain \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;pain in abdomen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 20\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edays\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’ duration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. On \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;physical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;examination, the abdomen was \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;found to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;soft with diffuse tenderness,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eespecially in the right hypochondrium.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"胃腸病学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"胃腸病学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:20.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-21T17:27:35.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":364,"titleslug":"gastroenterology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":55,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Gastroenterology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Gastroenterology_d67c91e23d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":174.08,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Gastroenterology_d67c91e23d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:35:04.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:35:04.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":54,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Gastroenterology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Gastroenterology_7ac09da5a2","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":172.33,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Gastroenterology_7ac09da5a2.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:35:04.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:35:04.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"胃腸病学"},{"id":90,"salevelthree":{"id":365,"name":"General Medicine (一般医療)","saleveltwo":26,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:53:00.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":true,"status":true,"icon":{"id":4867,"name":"General_Medicine_914bd79316.svg.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":74,"height":74,"formats":null,"hash":"General_Medicine_914bd79316_svg_d37d6fb3cf","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":1.78,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/General_Medicine_914bd79316_svg_d37d6fb3cf.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":8,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":26,"title":"総合内科分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"総合内科は外科手術以外による内臓疾患の診断と治療を行う医療分野ですが、エナゴはこの領域においても多くの論文を校正してきた経験を有しています。物理療法、薬理学なども含め、総合内科に関連する専門知識を持つ校正者が、校閲・校正を行います。こちらが、総合内科に関する論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"verd\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;incidence of choledochal cysts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreased due to increase in pickup rate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe attributed to better detection \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by means of advanced technology. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ncidence\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of these cysts \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in Asia is somewhat higher than\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Comparing items without using a parallel structure may create confusion. Here, the sentence is revised for clear and accurate comparison as “the incidence” in two geographical regions is being compared.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewestern countries. The reason for this geographical difference \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is still\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;remains \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;unclear. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;There is also an unexplained female preponderance with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370These cysts are more common in female patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"normal\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;—\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;female\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-to-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;male ratio \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commonly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereported as 4:1\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. However, the reason for this is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunknown\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; With regard to etiology,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emost widely accepted hypothesis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;regarding etiology is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involves \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an anomalous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003earrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal junction. The triad of jaundice,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eright upper quadrant pain\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, a comma (called as a serial comma) is generally added before “and” in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea palpable subcostal mass is diagnostic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebut \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is not \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;seen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;present \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in all\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"verd\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Choledochal cysts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can be associated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eappear in patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; with biliary atresia, congenital hepatic fibrosis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;renal \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cystic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisease\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of the kidney\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; especially renal tubular ectasia, sometimes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;combin\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; with cortical and medullary cysts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text alongside has been re-arranged such that the sentence is divided into two parts. This has avoided an excessively lengthy sentence and has helped in a better flow of ideas so that all the potential complications related to choledochal cysts can be understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Reported complications of c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;holedochal cysts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;include\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have been reported to cause\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecomplications such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;secondary calculus formation, pancreatitis,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebiliary cirrhosis, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cyst rupture with bile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperitonitis, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;cholangitis, intrahepatic abscess, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;portal vein thrombosis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. Moreover, such cysts may rupture, causing bile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperitonitis,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they have the potential\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370malignant transformation into cholangiocarcinoma.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Ultrasonography is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;preferred \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;method for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;initial evaluation. It \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reveals \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;depicts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echoledochal cyst as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an anechoic cystic structure separate from the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egall\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;bladder that communicates with the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehepatic ducts. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ifferential diagnos\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;based \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;on ultra\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sound \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;findings, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;include\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; other fluid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;filled structures in this region\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; namely pancreatic pseudocyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, large right renal cyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, enteric duplication cyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and hepatic artery aneurysm\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can also complement the diagnosis by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;show\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; late\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccumulation of radioisotope in \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some singular nouns refer to one specific thing (the only one of its kind) and therefore, 'the' is placed before the noun. Here, “the” is therefore added to denote specificity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecystic structure\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which further supports the diagnosis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"verd\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;The incidence of choledochal cysts has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreased due to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increase in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;detection rate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emeans of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;because of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;advance\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ments in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etechnology. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ncidence in Asia is somewhat higher than \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Comparing items without using a parallel structure may create confusion. Here, the sentence is revised for clear and accurate comparison as “the incidence” in two geographical regions is being compared.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; western countries. The reason for this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egeographical difference \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is still\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;remains\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; unclear. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Further,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;There is also an unexplained \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;these cysts are more common in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;female\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;preponderance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;female:\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;male\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eratio \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;being \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commonly reported as 4:1.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe most widely accepted hypothesis regarding \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;etiology\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis an anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal junction. The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etriad of jaundice, right upper quadrant pain\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, a comma (called as a serial comma) is generally added before “and” in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; a palpable subcostal mass is diagnostic but is not \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;seen \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;present \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eall cases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"verd\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Choledochal cysts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can be associated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eappear in patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; with biliary atresia, congenital hepatic fibrosis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and cystic disease of the kidney\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; especially renal tubular ectasia, sometimes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;combin\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; with cortical and medullary cysts. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Reported complications of c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;holedochal cysts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;include\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have been reported to cause complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esuch as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;secondary calculus formation, pancreatitis, biliary\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecirrhosis, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cyst \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;rupture with bile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperitonitis, cholangitis, intrahepatic abscess, portal vein thrombosis\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and malignant transformation into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echolangiocarcinoma.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Ultrasonography is preferred for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einitial evaluation. It reveals an anechoic cystic structure separate from the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egall\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370bladder that communicates with the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehepatic ducts. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ifferential diagnos\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;based \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;on ultra\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sound \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;findings, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;include\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; other fluid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;filled structures in this region\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; namely pancreatic pseudocyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, large right renal cyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, enteric duplication cyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and hepatic artery aneurysm\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy can also \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;complement \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;support \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediagnosis by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;showing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370revealing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;late accumulation of radioisotope\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some singular nouns refer to one specific thing (the only one of its kind) and therefore, 'the' is placed before the noun. Here, “the” is therefore added to denote specificity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;cystic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estructure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"総合内科分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"総合内科分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:22.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-21T17:28:24.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":365,"titleslug":"general-medicine","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":59,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_GeneralMedicine.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_General_Medicine_cbec1ed5ea","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":264.86,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_General_Medicine_cbec1ed5ea.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:52:21.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:52:21.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":58,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_GeneralMedicine.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_General_Medicine_dc8451c0cb","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":152.03,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_General_Medicine_dc8451c0cb.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:52:20.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:52:20.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"一般医療"},{"id":91,"salevelthree":{"id":143,"name":"Immunology (免疫学)","saleveltwo":12,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:53:20.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":true,"status":true,"icon":{"id":4869,"name":"Immunology_ce619998d4.svg.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":74,"height":74,"formats":null,"hash":"Immunology_ce619998d4_svg_8090341bdc","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":4.89,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Immunology_ce619998d4_svg_8090341bdc.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z","updated_at":"2026-07-02T11:49:54.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":11,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":1382,"title":"免疫学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、免疫学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。免疫学および免疫系の生理的機能、抗原処理・抗原提示、適応免疫などに関する専門知識を有する校正者が校閲・校正を行います。こちらが免疫学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;ABSTRACT\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Objective\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Although perioperative\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Perioperative\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;immune\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;
370-enhancing enteral formula (IEEF) \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;effectively reduces the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;is effective to decrease\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; rate of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;infectious\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;complications\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; that are infective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;but \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;whether \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;chronic use \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of IEEF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A singular subject must be accompanied by a singular verb. Here, the subject is “chronic use.” Therefore, the verb has been revised to “is.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeneficial \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;remains unknown\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eknown to us\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A prospective \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Prospective \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;randomized clinical trial was\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;performed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;undertaken. This was done in order\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to ex\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;amin\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; safety and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;effectiveness\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;impact \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;long-term IEEF on the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nutritional\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nutrition\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econdition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and immunological status of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; nonsurgical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in non surgery \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;receiving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;under \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;total\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;nutritio\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrough \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;gastrostomy access route.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; A total of 30 patients was randomly asigned to two\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;groups. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Methods:\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text alongside has been moved from Objectives to Methods as it pertains to the study participants and groups. Such information is generally provided in the Methods section.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370This study involved 30 patients who were randomly divided\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einto two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; groups\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;receiving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;recieved \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;total enteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;nutritio\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeither\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Abbreviations are defined at their first mention in the text and the abbreviated form is used consistently at all subsequent instances.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;IEEF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;immune-enhancing enteral formula \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Group IEEF,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;15) or \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;regular\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;polymer\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;ic enteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;formula\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Group C,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color: blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Spaces are generally inserted before and after arithmetic symbols.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; 15\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;14\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;) for 12 weeks. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Nutritional\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Nutrition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and immunological parameters were \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;periodically \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;examined\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; periodically\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:50%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Results\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The serum levels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esignificant increase of serum levels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;insulin-like\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; growth factor \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;1 (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;similar to insulin, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;IGF-\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;1)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; significantly increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, was noted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in Group IEEF throughout the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;course of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;study. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Furthermore,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;While\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; serum \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;level \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edihomo-\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-hansi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSymbol\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;-linoleic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eacid \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in Group IEEF was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edecreased\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, serum levels\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;eicosapentaenoic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;eicosa-pentaenoic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;acid \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;docosahexaenoic acids\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;dochsa-hexaenoic acid\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esignificantly increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as well as those\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Serum\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; arginine and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eornithine\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; concentrations in Group IEEF were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esignificantly increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreased in Group IEEF\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;No significant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edifference was noted in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370 CD4/CD8 ratio and NK \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;activity\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; between\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe two groups\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were observed in Group\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIEEF, but the difference was not significant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A significant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincrease of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; B-cell fraction \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincreased, while \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the decrease of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;T-cell\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efraction of peripheral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;lymph\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;ocyte\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;significantly decreased \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in Group IEEF. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;No\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;There was no\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einfectious \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, hyphens are used only when their absence can create misunderstanding. Use a hyphen to avoid doubling or tripling of consonants or vowels; for example, re-entry, de-energize.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;noninfectious\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;non-infectious\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompli\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;cation\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoccurred during the study period in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;either group\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;both groups\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, except for a significant increase in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;serum \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels of blood\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eurea nitrogen\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;BUN\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\"Times\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003euric acid\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; concentration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Conclusion\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The long\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Long\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;-term\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003euse of IEEF is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;safe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;safely performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nonsurgical\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;non-surgery\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; patients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand results in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which enables to cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea significant increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; serum \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;IGF-\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;concentration \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;associated with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increase in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehumoral immunity.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;ABSTRACT\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Objective\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt; Perioperative \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;immune\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;
370-enhancing enteral formula (IEEF) is effective\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;decrease \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reduce\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rate of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;infectious \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;complications\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; that are infective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, but whether the chronic use\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof IEEF \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeneficial is not known\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to us\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A p\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;P\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;rospective\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erandomized clinical trial was \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;undertaken. This was done in order\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to ex\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;amin\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esafety and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;effectiveness \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;impact \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;long-term\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIEEF on the nutrition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; condition and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimmunological status of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;non\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;receiving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;under \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;total enteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;nutritio\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt; through\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some singular nouns refer to one specific thing (the only one of its kind) and therefore, “the” is placed before the noun. Here, “the” is used because a specific route is being referred to.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egastrostomy access route. A total of 30\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;randomly a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;signed to two \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;groups\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in the present study\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Methods:\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;wo\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egroups \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;recieved\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;received\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; total enteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;nutritio\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt; either with \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Abbreviations are defined at their first mention in the text and the abbreviated form is used consistently at all subsequent instances.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;IEEF \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;immune-enhancing enteral formula \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;(Group IEEF,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;15) or \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;regular \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;polymer\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;ic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenteral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;formula\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt; (Group C,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Spaces are generally inserted before and after arithmetic symbols.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; 15\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;14\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;) for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 weeks. Nutrition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and immunological\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparameters were periodically examined.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Results\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt; A significant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincrease \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;serum levels of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;insulin-like\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; growth factor \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;1 (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;similar to insulin, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;IGF-\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;1)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enoted in Group IEEF throughout the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;course of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Furthermore, the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;While\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; serum level\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof dihomo-\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-hansi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSymbol\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;-linoleic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eacid \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in Group IEEF was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edecreased\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, serum levels\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;eicosapentaenoic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;eicosa-pentaenoic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;acid \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;docosahexaenoic acids\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;dochsa-hexaenoic acid\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;significantly increased\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in Group IEEF\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Serum \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eserum levels of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;arginine and ornithine \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;concentrations\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also increased significantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup IEEF\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were significantly increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;No significant difference was noted in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCD4/CD8 ratio and NK \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;activity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in Group IEEF\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, but the difference was not significant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. A\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esignificant increase \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;B-cell fraction and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;decrease \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;T-cell fraction of peripheral \u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;lymph\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;ocyte\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewere observed in Group IEEF. There was no infectious \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;noninfectious\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;non-infectious\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompli\u0026lt;st1:ddviewer w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;cation\u0026lt;/st1:ddviewer\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;occurred \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;during the study period in both\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egroups, except for a significant increase in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;serum\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;BUN\u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times\",\"serif\";mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and uric acid\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; concentration\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003
370enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Conclusion\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The long\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Long\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;-term\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003euse of IEEF is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;safe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;safely performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in non\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and results in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which enables to cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a significant increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eserum \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;levels of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;IGF-\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;concentration \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;associated with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increase in humoral immunity.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"免疫学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"免疫学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:25.000Z","updated_at":"2022-05-04T12:16:27.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":143,"titleslug":"immunology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":218,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Immunology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Immunology_96d0f3a010","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":216.85,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Immunology_96d0f3a010.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:53.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:53.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":213,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Immunology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Immunology_d9e12c7ecc","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":214.74,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Immunology_d9e12c7ecc.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:52.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:52.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"免疫学"}]},{"id":2,"title":"生物学・農学","description":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴでお受けする英文校正のうち、生物科学・ライフサイエンス・農学分野のご依頼は全体のおよそ15%を占めています。豊富な実績と高い品質で、生物学系の研究機関やバイオ関連業界の皆さまから厚い信頼をいただいております。\u003c/p\u003e","card_title":"エナゴの\u003cbr\u003e生物学分野の強み","card_description":null,"sa_title":"ライフサイエンス分野の\u003cbr\u003e英文校正サンプル","card":[{"id":126,"title":"生命科学関連文書の種類","de
370scription":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40種類以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4262,"name":"Paper Editing.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Paper_Editing_1a5444d331","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":0.92,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Paper_Editing_1a5444d331.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z"}},{"id":127,"title":"英文校正に関わったジャーナル","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8000誌以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4263,"name":"medicine-journal-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.2,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:34.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:57.000Z"}},{"id":128,"title":"細分化された専門分野の数","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e250以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4264,"name":"subject-area-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"subject_area_assist_734ff88845","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.67,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/subject_area_assist_734ff88845.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z"}}],"card_link":{"id":33,"text":"生物学・農学分野の詳細へ","url":"/subjects/life-sciences"},"sa_link":{"id":34,"text":"英文校正サンプルをもっと見る","url":"/samples"},"sa_samples":[{"id":82,"salevelthree":{"id":123,"name":"Cell Biology (細胞生物学)","saleveltwo":12,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-26T14:30:12.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":931,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"アイコン:ウイルス","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_3bcda40d64","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":8.86,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_3bcda40d64.png"}},"hash":"download_3bcda40d64","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.9,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_3bcda40d64.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-26T14:30:09.000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-05T13:03:25.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":28,"salevelone":2,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"細胞生物学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、細胞生物学や関連分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。細胞生物学に限らず、遺伝学、免疫学、細胞化学などの関連分野の修士号や博士号を持つ校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが細胞生物学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;Innervation by the s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"background:white\"\u0026gt;ensory nervous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;innervation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;plays a key role in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimportant for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; skeletal development and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;orchestration of bone remodeling and regeneration. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it is unclear \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;how and in which bone cells \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sensory \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nerves\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nerves \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;act \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;control\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;regulating\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; these processes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; remains unclear\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Here\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In this study\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, we \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;present\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;show \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a microfluidic coculture system \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;comprising \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;dorsal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eroot ganglion (DRG) neurons and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;that more faithfully \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;represents the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein vivo \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;situation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;scenario \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of bone sensory innervation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; more appropriately\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. We report that DRG neurons\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epromote the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mediating the increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increasing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;alkaline phosphatase activity and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;upregulati\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ng\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; osteoblast-specific \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;genes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;gene expression\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Furthermore, we show that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Further, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;DRG neurons \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;positive\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; impact \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cx43 levels in MSCs during osteoblastogenesis, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;especially \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;particularly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eat \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;at \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;an early stage of this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprocess. Conversely, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;we described a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;DRG neurons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; negative\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimpact \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of DRG neurons on MSCs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;N-cadherin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpression \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in MSCs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;at a later stage\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of the process\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Finally,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Here, the sentence has been revised to clearly indicate that accumulation and translocation of β-catenin are being referred to.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;we demonstrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cytoplasmic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccumulation \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and nuclear\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;translocation of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;β-catenin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;translocation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;into the nucleus, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;subsequent\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;L\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ymphoid\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nhancer\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; B\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;b\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;inding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;actor 1\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;—\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;responsive transcriptional activation of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edownstream genes in cocultured MSCs. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Together, o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;O\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ur study provides\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text alongside has been revised to convey the intended meaning in a more concise manner.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;strong\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a robust body of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eevidence that \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the osteoblast differentiation potential of MSCs is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenhanced \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the direct interaction of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;when\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; DRG neurons \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;directly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einteract \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;with MSCs in a bone-like microenvironment\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; leads to an enhancement of osteoblast differentiation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epotential of MSCs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. The osteogenic effect of DRG neurons on MSCs is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emediated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; regulation of Cx43 and N-cadherin expression\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand activation of the canonical/β-catenin Wnt signaling pathway.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"background:white\"\u0026gt;Innervation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esensory nervous system \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;plays a key role in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is important for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; skeletal development and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;orchestration of bone remodeling and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eregeneration. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it is unclear \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;how\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand in which bone cells \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sensory \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nerves\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nerves \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;act\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto control these processes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; remains unclear\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHere\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; we \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;present\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;show \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a microfluidic coculture system\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecomprising dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;that more faithfully \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;represents the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein vivo scenario of bone sensory innervation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; more\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eappropriately\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. We report that DRG neurons promote the osteogenic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edifferentiation capacity of MSCs\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emediating \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increase \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;alkaline phosphatase activity and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;upregulati\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ng\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; osteoblast-specific genes. Furthermore, we\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshow that DRG neurons \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;positive\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; impact \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cx43\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elevels in MSCs during osteoblastogenesis, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;especially\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;particularly at \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;at \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;an early stage of this process. Conversely, we\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edescribe\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a negative impact of DRG\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eneurons on \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;MSCs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;N-cadherin expression \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in MSCs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;at a later stage\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of the process\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Finally,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Here, the sentence has been revised to clearly indicate that accumulation and translocation of β-catenin are being referred to.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewe demonstrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cytoplasmic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccumulation\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of β-catenin \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;translocation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of β-catenin \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einto the nucleus\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;subsequent\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"background-color: #ffd5d5\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;L\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ymphoid\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nhancer\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; B\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;b\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;inding\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text alongside has been revised to lowercase as this is not a proper noun.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;actor 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;—\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;responsive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etranscriptional activation of downstream genes in cocultured MSCs. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Together, o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;O\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ur\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estudy provides \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;strong \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a robust body of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;evidence that the direct\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einteraction of DRG neurons with MSCs in a bone-like microenvironment \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;leads to an enhancement of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enhances\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;osteoblast\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edifferentiation potential of MSCs. The osteogenic effect of DRG neurons on MSCs\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis mediated through the regulation of Cx43 and N-cadherin expression and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivation of the canonical/β-catenin Wnt signaling pathway.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"細胞生物学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"細胞生物学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:42.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:04:43.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":123,"titleslug":"cell-biology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":162,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_CellBiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cell_Biology_7ec2c860ce","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":147.39,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cell_Biology_7ec2c860ce.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:39.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:39.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":154,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_CellBiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cell_Biology_d6e88aee56","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":143.77,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cell_Biology_d6e88aee56.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:36.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:36.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"細胞生物学"},{"id":83,"salevelthree":{"id":199,"name":"Computational Neuroscience (計算神経科学)","saleveltwo":16,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:06:25.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":1868,"name":"neuroscience_759e4daabf_84c78b81d5.webp","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":48,"height":48,"formats":null,"hash":"neuroscience_759e4daabf_84c78b81d5_1d4ad14248","ext":".webp","mime":"image/webp","size":1.04,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/neuroscience_759e4daabf_84c78b81d5_1d4ad14248.webp","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2023-04-19T16:06:22.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:06:22.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":35,"salevelone":2,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"神経科学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、神経科学および神経生物学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。生理学、解剖学、分子生物学、発生生物学、細胞学、数学モデリング、心理学などさまざまな領域との関連も踏まえ、神経化学、認知科学、心理学など、各種の専門知識を有する校正者が校閲・校正を行います。こちらが神経科学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;Motor unit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;relation with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lectromyogram\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Abbreviations are not usually included in the title.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Motor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A single \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;motor neuron\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;motoneuron\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We have changed “it’s” to “its” because this is a case of a possessive pronoun. The use of “it’s” is incorrect because “it’s” a contraction of “it is” or “it has.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it’s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;axon\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;axons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;innervate\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;supply\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot only just a muscle fiber, but also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; several muscle fibers\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; these fibers constitute \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. The muscl \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;otor \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;u\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;U\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;nit. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The number\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A variety\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;numbers of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;muscle fibers \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in a motor unit varies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epresent \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;It in c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The motor unit of c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;at leg muscles \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;approximately\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e120\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;­, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370165\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efibers\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; are present in one motor unit\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Electromyography:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;EMG\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;otor unit\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;recorded\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;measured\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;inserting\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;placing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a coaxial electrode in\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to the muscle \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einterest\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that is tobe studied\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Sentences have been joined together at this instance to present the intended information in a more concise manner.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eelectrode is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;they are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; connected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electromyograph\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;electromyography (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; recording \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of muscular activity, known as an electromyogram, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eobtained\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; during muscular activity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This recording is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecalled an electromyogram (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hypodermic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hollow\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; needle can be \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;made\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;converted into\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a coaxial electrode \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;introducing an \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;insulated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;insolated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;inner\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewire \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Possible c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hanges \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecorded \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;small\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evolume of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;muscles \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are recorded \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;immediate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;vicinity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;neighbuorhood\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;needle \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;tip\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of the needle\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Thus, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis has been observed that most \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehighest \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;electrical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactive fibers near the electrodes. Sometimes, surface electrodes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; used\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stead of deep muscle coaxial \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electrodes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;electrode\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;recording \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;method, two surface\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eelectrodes are placed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;at a reasonable distance on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe skin overlying\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;over\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;muscle \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to be studied\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; muscle’s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eat a reasonable distance\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;When the muscle is at rest, no\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaction \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;potential \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;recorded; however, as soon as the muscle\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebecomes active, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;action \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;potential\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;results from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are recorded. The potential recorded during activity is as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresult of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the asynchronous discharge of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;motor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eneurons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;motoneurons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evicinity of the electrodes. During minimal voluntary activity, only a few \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;motor units\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are discharged\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;discharges\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, and as voluntary \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effort \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;activity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increases\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;units \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; activated. This is called \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;motor unit\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecruitment\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of motor units\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;G\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;radation of muscular activity is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a function of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a part\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the function of a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; number of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;activated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;motor units\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; activated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370Electromyographic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Electromyographc\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estudies \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are clinically important\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have clinically\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;importance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the diagnosis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diagnosiz\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of motor unit disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; including peripheral nerve injuries, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;neuromuscular disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;such as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;including\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; myotonia and myasthenia gravis\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Redundant phrases make a sentence wordy. Being economical in writing enhances clarity (in terms of meaning) and readability of the sentence. Here, the phrase “so on and so forth” is not required as this is implied by the use of “including.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, so on and so forth\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.0pt;line-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;Motor unit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; relation with electromyogram\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Abbreviations are not usually included in the title.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Motor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A single \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;motor neuron\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;motoneuron\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We have changed “it’s” to “its” because this is a case of a possessive pronoun. The use of “it’s” is incorrect because “it’s” a contraction of “it is” or “it has.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it’s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;axon\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;axons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;innervate\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;supply\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot only just a muscle fiber, but also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; several muscle fibers. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;uscle\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efiber\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis supplied \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;innervated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by one\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emotor neuron through its single axon along with branches are called a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;otor \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;U\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;u\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nit. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The number\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A variety\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;numbers of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;muscle fibers \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in a motor unit varies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are present \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. It \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has been \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;observed in cat leg muscles that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapproximately 120\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;­, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;165 fibers are present in one motor unit.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370Electromyography:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;EMG\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;otor unit\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity is measured \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;inserting\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;placing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a coaxial electrode in\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to the muscle that is to\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be studied. Next\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the electrode is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;they are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; connected to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electromyograph\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;electromyography (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; recording is obtained\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eduring muscular activity\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This recording is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;called an electromyogram\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; (EMG)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A hollow needle can be made \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;into\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecoaxial electrode \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;introducing an \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;insulated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;insolated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;inner wire \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;into \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Possible c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370hanges are recorded from \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;small volume of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;muscles in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;immediate \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;vicinity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;neighbuorhood\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the tip of the needle. Thus, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it is has been\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eobserved that most \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;highest \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;electrical activity is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;observed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the active fibers near the electrodes. Sometimes,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface electrodes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; used in\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stead\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof deep muscle coaxial \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;electrodes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;electrode\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. In this recording method, two surface\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eelectrodes are placed over the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;muscle \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe studied\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; muscle’s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; at a reasonable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edistance.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;When the muscle is at rest, no\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaction \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;potential \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;recorded; however, as soon as the muscle\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebecomes active, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;action \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;potential\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;results from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are recorded. The potential recorded during activity is as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresult of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the asynchronous discharge of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;motor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eneurons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;motoneurons\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evicinity of the electrodes. During minimal voluntary activity, only a few \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;motor units\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are discharged\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;discharges\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, and as voluntary \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effort \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;activity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increases\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;units \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; activated. This is called recruitment of motor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunits\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Gradation of muscular activity is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a function of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a part\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the function of a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; number of motor units activated. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370Electromyographic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Electromyographc\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estudies \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are clinically important\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have clinically\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;importance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the diagnosis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diagnosiz\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of motor unit disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; including peripheral nerve injuries, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;neuromuscular disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;such as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;including\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; myotonia and myasthenia gravis \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Redundant phrases make a sentence wordy. Being economical in writing enhances clarity (in terms of meaning) and readability of the sentence. Here, the phrase “so on and so forth” is not required as this is implied by the use of “including.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, so on and so forth\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"神経科学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"神経科学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:49.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:05:56.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":204,"titleslug":"neuroscience","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":229,"
370name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Neuroscience.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Neuroscience_e04d2c46b2","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":252,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Neuroscience_e04d2c46b2.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:58.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:58.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":217,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Neuroscience.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Neuroscience_8bd697d570","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":208.22,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Neuroscience_8bd697d570.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:53.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:53.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"神経科学"},{"id":84,"salevelthree":{"id":236,"name":"Pharmaceutical Research (薬学研究)","saleveltwo":21,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-26T15:01:13.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":932,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"薬学研究","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_4a8fd49042","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":8.25,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_4a8fd49042.png"}},"hash":"download_4a8fd49042","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.3,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_4a8fd49042.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-26T15:01:10.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:42:36.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":36,"salevelone":2,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"薬学研究分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、薬学研究分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。主に医薬品の製造、調剤、評価などを行う薬学研究から、計数調剤、生物統計学、製薬バイオテクノロジーなどの関連分野に関する専門知識を有する校正者が、校閲・校正を行います。こちらが薬学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Purpose: \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;According to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecurrent clinical guidelines, combination therapy of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enofibrate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand statin\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;combination\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etherapy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is highly recommended\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; by the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecurrent clinical guidelines\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;treating\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;treatment of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; mixed dyslipidemia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The text alongside has been revised to present the intended meaning in a concise manner by retaining only the information that is essential with respect to context.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this study, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;we formulated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an innovative delayed-release\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreparation of fenofibrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was designed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereduce the risk of muscle toxicity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, caused by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esimultaneous administration of this combination therapy,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by altering\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe pharmacokinetic profile of fenofibrate\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as well as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto improve the oral bioavailability of the modified-release formulation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Methods: \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Micronized f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enofibrate was \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;micronized and used\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprepare drug-loaded cores via a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;powder \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;powder\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;layering process before \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;multiparticulate pellet coating.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDifferent c
370oating formulations were screened, and their in vitro release \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;profiles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, it is important to maintain parallelism in a sentence so that the items being compared can be clearly understood. Here, the sentence has been revised to clearly denote that “in vitro release profiles” are being compared.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; compared with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe commercial sustained-release pellets Lipilfen®. Two optimized\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eformulations were evaluated in Beagle dog\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; model\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompared with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reference \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commercial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreparations of fenofibrate\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Lipanthyl® \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(the immediate-release preparation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Lipanthyl® \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Lipilfen® (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the sustained-release pellets\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; Lipilfen®\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereferences\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Results: The in vivo release of fenofibrate from R1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand R2 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;selected from in vitro tests\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; exhibited a lag phase, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and then\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;followed by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; rapid and complete drug release. The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erelative bioavailabilities of R1 and R2 \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;100.4% and 201.1%, respectively\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewere higher than that of Lipilfen® (67.2%).\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Conclusion: \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;odified fenofibrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pellets\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edeveloped \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;showed enhanced bioavailability and delayed-release\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproperties\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They have the potential to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can potentially\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; improve safety and compliance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhen co-\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;administrated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;administered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;with statins. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;To the best of our knowledge, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;his is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe first report of a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This phrase was revised to maintain consistency with the phrase used previously in the text (under “Purpose”).\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; delayed-release \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;preparation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fenofibrate\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; preparation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Purpose: \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Combination therapy of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enofibrate and statin\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;combination therapy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehighly recommended by the current clinical guidelines for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;treatment of mixed dyslipidemia. In this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estudy, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;we formulated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an innovative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edelayed-release preparation of fenofibrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was designed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;achieve the following: to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reduce\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe risk of muscle toxicity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;caused by simultaneous administration of this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombination therapy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by altering the pharmacokinetic profile of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efenofibrate\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewell as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; to improve the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoral bioavailability of the modified-release formulation.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Methods: \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Micronized f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enofibrate was \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;micronized \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to prepare drug-loaded cores via a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;powder \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;powder\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;layering\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprocess before \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;multiparticulate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epellet coating. Different c
370oating formulations were screened, and their in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evitro release \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;profiles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, it is important to maintain parallelism in a sentence so that the items being compared can be clearly understood. Here, the sentence has been revised to clearly denote that “in vitro release profiles” are being compared.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; compared with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the commercial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esustained-release pellets Lipilfen®. Two optimized formulations were evaluated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein Beagle dogs \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and compared with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reference\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commercial preparations of fenofibrate (the immediate-release\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreparation Lipanthyl® and the sustained-release pellets Lipilfen®)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; as references\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Results: The in vivo release of fenofibrate from R1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand R2 selected from in vitro tests exhibited a lag phase, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and then\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;followed by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erapid and complete drug release. The relative bioavailabilities of R1 and R2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewere 100.4% and 201.1%, respectively, which were higher than that of Lipilfen®\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(67.2%).\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Conclusion: \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;odified fenofibrate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pellets\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edeveloped \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;showed enhanced bioavailability and delayed-release\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproperties\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They have the potential to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can potentially\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; improve safety and compliance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhen co-\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;administrated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;administered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;with statins. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;To the best of our knowledge, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;his is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe first report of a \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This phrase was revised to maintain consistency with the phrase used previously in the text (under “Purpose”).\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; delayed-release \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;preparation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fenofibrate\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; preparation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"薬学研究分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"薬学研究分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:50.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:06:13.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":236,"titleslug":"pharmaceutical-research","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":215,"name":"WebSample-30_Substantive_Editing_Enago_WebSample-30.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"Web_Sample_30_Substantive_Editing_Enago_Web_Sample_30_5b64ba652e","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":226.35,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Web_Sample_30_Substantive_Editing_Enago_Web_Sample_30_5b64ba652e.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:52.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:52.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":245,"name":"WebSample-30_Copyediting_Enago_WebSample-30.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"Web_Sample_30_Copyediting_Enago_Web_Sample_30_41bc2aa848","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":224.91,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Web_Sample_30_Copyediting_Enago_Web_Sample_30_41bc2aa848.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"薬学研究"},{"id":85,"salevelthree":{"id":133,"name":"Molecular Biology (分子生物学)","saleveltwo":12,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-26T15:02:43.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":933,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"分子生物学","caption":"","width":175,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_e438aebdaf","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":156,"height":156,"size":8.29,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_e438aebdaf.png"}},"hash":"download_e438aebdaf","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.61,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_e438aebdaf.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-26T15:02:41.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:43:01.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":34,"salevelone":2,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"分子生物学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、分子生物学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。分子レベルで生物活動を解明しようとする分子生物学、比較ゲノミクス、法医学、遺伝子治療など、さまざまな分野にわたる内容に応じた専門知識を有する校正者が校閲・校正を行います。こちらが分子生物学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;What came first\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;DNA or protein? \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Discovery \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediscovery \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of ribozymes and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;RNA world \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hypothesis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRNA world\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; has\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:white\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;provided a new perspective to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt; given\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; this question\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; another\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edimension\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Enzyme\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly known natural catalysts to the discovery of ribozymes. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;Ribozymes (also known as RNA \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;enzyme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enzymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalytic RNA) are RNA particles that catalyze \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;biochemic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;biochemical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reaction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thomas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cech and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Altman\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, who \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;first \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediscover \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;discovered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ribozymes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;during \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;1980s\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and went on later to investigate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;subsequently studied their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;catalytic properties. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thomas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cech\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; found that \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;when\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadditional cell extract was absent, the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;splicing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;introns in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ribosomal RNA\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein ribosomal RNA \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gene \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;genes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;i\u0026gt;Tetrahymena\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethermophila \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;were found to occur \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;i\u0026gt;Tetrahymena\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethermophila \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;underwent splicing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabsence of additional cell extract\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Sidney \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Altman \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and his colleagues\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;et al.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A comma is not used to separate the subject and the verb and has therefore been deleted here.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;separated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;discovered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;bacterial RNase P, an enzyme responsible for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;changing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;converting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;precursor \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;tRNA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;active \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tRNA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. However\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it was found that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in addition to\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; protein\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe enzyme \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370contained RNA that could\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estimulate \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the cleavage of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the cleavage of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;precursor tRNA into tRNA in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabsence of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;protein component. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Also, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thomas\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cech\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gave the conclusion \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;concluded\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that the intron sequence of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;RNA\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;break \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cleave \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereform \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;phosphodiester\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;phosdiester\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; bonds. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Cech and Altman \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;won the Nobel\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrize in chemistry for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the same thing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in 1989. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;N\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;atural \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, information should be presented with accuracy. At this instance, the term “ribosomes” refers to a cell organelle, whereas “ribozymes” refers to catalytic RNA. This typographical error has been revised for accuracy.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ribosomes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ribozymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalyze the hydrolysis of their own phosphodiester bonds\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThey also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalyze \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhite\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and other RNA sequences. They\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealso catalyze \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;aminotransferase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;also catalyze \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;hydrolysis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";color:red\"\u0026gt; of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;other RNA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"background:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhite\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This information has been deleted because it is not essential with respect to context and has already been conveyed previously in the text.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Ribozymes are so called because they\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eact as enzymes in terms of their specificity and belong to RNA. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; However\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Despite possessing enzymatic activity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ribozymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are different \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;differ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enzymes \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;because of th\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;because of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;following reasons:\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;1)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;Unlike enzymes, ribozymes do not require \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;specific pH and temperature\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to function.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;2)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;Ribozymes consists \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:white\"\u0026gt;They consist \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;of nucleotides.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;3)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;They do not have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;well defined \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;well-defined \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eregions, such as active\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; site \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalyzed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;catalytic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;site\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sites\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;4)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;They can act on \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a very\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;extremely\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; small amounts of substances but perform\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea more limited set of instructions\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;To date, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhite\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:white\"\u0026gt;many \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:white\"\u0026gt;natural \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"background:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhite\"\u0026gt;ribozymes have\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt; been discovered\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and several artificial ribozymes have been synthesized\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; till date\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediscovery of naturally occurring ribozymes is increasing, along with which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eseveral artificial ribozymes have also been synthesized. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Due to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Because of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;their\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabilities, r\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;ibozymes have been investigated for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplications as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;therapeutic agents\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensor\" title=\"Biosensor\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none\"\u0026gt;biosensors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u00
37026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and in genomics\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efunctions \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in addition to their functions\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein genomics and gene discovery\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;discovery of genes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;What came first\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;DNA or protein? \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Discovery \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediscovery \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of ribozymes and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the hypothesis of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;RNA world\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ha\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; given\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethis question another dimension. Enzyme\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly known natural catalysts to the discovery of ribozymes. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;Ribozymes (also known as RNA \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;enzyme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enzymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalytic RNA) are RNA particles that catalyze \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;biochemic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;biochemical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reaction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThomas Cech and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Sidney \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Altman\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; were the first to discover\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eribozymes during \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;1980s and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;later \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;went on \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;later \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvestigate \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;catalytic properties. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Thomas\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCech\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; found that splicing of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eintrons in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ribosomal RNA in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ribosomal RNA gene in \u0026lt;i\u0026gt;Tetrahymena\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethermophila \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were found to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;occur\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;red\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in the absence of additional cell extract\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Sidney Altman and his colleagues\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A comma is not used to separate the subject and the verb and has therefore been deleted here.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;separated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;discovered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;bacterial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRNase P, an enzyme responsible for changing a precursor to active tRNA. However\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; it was found that in addition to\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; protein\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe enzyme \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370contained RNA that could\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estimulate the cleavage of precursor tRNA into tRNA in the absence of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;protein component. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;Also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In addition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Thomas\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCech\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gave \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reached \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econclusion that the intron sequence of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;RNA\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebreak and reform \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;phosphodiester\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;phosdiester\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; bonds. They won the Nobel Prize in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echemistry for the same \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in 1989. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;N\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;atural \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, information should be presented with accuracy. At this instance, the term “ribosomes” refers to a cell organelle, whereas “ribozymes” refers to catalytic RNA. This typographical error has been revised for accuracy.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ribosomes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ribozymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;catalyze\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe hydrolysis of their own phosphodiester bonds. They also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;catalyze\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaminotransferase activity. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Further, they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;catalyze \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;hydrolysis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt; of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;other\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRNA. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They are termed as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Ribozymes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ribozymes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are so called \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;because they \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;act \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are as specific \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenzymes \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in terms of their specificity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebelong to RNA. However, they are different from enzymes because of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efollowing reasons:\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;1)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;Unlike enzymes, ribozymes do not require \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;specific pH and temperature\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;2)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A plural noun must be accompanied by a plural verb. Here, as the noun is “ribozymes,” a plural verb has been used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; Ribozymes consist\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;of nucleotides.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;3)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;They do not have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;well\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;defined \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eregions, such as active \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;site \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalyzed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;catalytic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;site\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;4)\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;They can act on \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;very\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esmall amounts of substances but perform a more limited set of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;instructions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;actions.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;background:white\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue;background:white\"\u0026gt;any \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebackground:white\"\u0026gt;number of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;ribozymes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehave\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt; been discovered till date. The discovery of naturally\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoccurring ribozymes is increasing\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; along\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esynthesis of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;several artificial ribozymes\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehave also been synthesized\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Due to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Because of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;their\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabilities, r\u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;ibozymes have been investigated for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplications as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;therapeutic agents\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensor\" title=\"Biosensor\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none\"\u0026gt;biosensors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as well as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in genomic\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efunctions and \u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span\u0026gt;discovery of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egenes.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"分子生物学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"分子生物学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:48.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:06:37.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":133,"titleslug":"molecular-biology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":205,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_MolecularBiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Molecular_Biology_afc4d794a0","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":165.66,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Molecular_Biology_afc4d794a0.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:46.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:46.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":242,"name":"ENAGO_ Copy_Editing_Sample_MolecularBiology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Molecular_Biology_07571e3cea","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":165.78,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Molecular_Biology_07571e3cea.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"分子生物学"},{"id":86,"salevelthree":{"id":122,"name":"Cancer Research (がん研究)","saleveltwo":12,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-26T15:03:52.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":934,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"エナゴ のがん研究の校正サンプル","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_2fcf666d0e","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":8.46,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_2fcf666d0e.png"}},"hash":"download_2fcf666d0e","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.49,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_2fcf666d0e.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-26T15:03:50.000Z","updated_at":"2024-04-15T12:55:43.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":2,"salevelone":3,"saleveltwo":12,"title":"がん研究分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、がん研究の分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。がん研究および、がん遺伝学とゲノム、免疫療法とワクチン、がん代謝、細胞シグナル伝達と抑制、細胞ベース治療、化学生物学、ComputationalOncology(計算腫瘍学)、発生生物学など、関連分野の修士号や博士号を持つ校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが、がん研究に関する論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Some journals require structured abstracts with subheadings such as Background and Aims, Materials and Methods, Results, and Conclusions. All relevant subheadings should be added in order to speed up the journal submission process. At this instance, we have added the appropriate subheading based on context.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Background and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAims\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; Spinal anesthesia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;widely used\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;a accepted technique in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;elective\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecesarean sections. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hypotension resulted\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efrom \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sympathectomy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;common\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly results in hypotension\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; problem\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;especially \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;particularly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in pregnant women. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The prophylactic use of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Prevention of this complication by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sympathomimetic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eagents \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may help prevent this complication\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is of potential clinical significance\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The aim of this study is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This study aimed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to compare the effect of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;prophylactic infusion of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;P\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;p\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;henylephrine\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eversus \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;phedrine\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprevent\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ion\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hypotension\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eduring spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean section\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;Methods\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;: Eighty-three\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using the right word choice has a great impact in conveying the intended meaning clearly to the reader. The term “pregnant women” has been added here to clearly specify the study population.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;pregnant women\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewere enrolled in this study and randomly divi
370ded into three groups\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Ph\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;received phenylephrine infusion, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;E\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;received ephedrine infusion\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;while group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;P\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;group received \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were delivered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;placebo.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation) were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecorded throughout the surgery. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The incidence of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;aternal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand neonatal perioperative complications \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also compared\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also controlled and recorded\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; among the groups\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;Results\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Demographic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echaracteristics were comparable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;There was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ean insignificant difference in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;among \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;demographic data between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;three \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;groups. Systolic and diastolic blood\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epressure\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;phenylephrine \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Ph \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;group \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was higher \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;than\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;control\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the P group\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebut not higher than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that in the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the ephedrine \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;E \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;group.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaternal dysrhythmias were more common in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ephedrine\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Ph\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;phenylephrine\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; groups than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;P \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;control \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;group. Vomiting was \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;significantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;more common in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ephedrine group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;E group \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Spaces are generally used before and after arithmetic symbols.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;(P\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;0.05).\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;mean \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fifth\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;-minute Apgar score \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eneonates was higher \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the Ph\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;phenylephrine\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;E \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ephedrine \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;groups \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was significantly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;P \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;control \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;group\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(P\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The incidence of neonatal acidosis in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Neonates of phenylephrine \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the Ph \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;group \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elower than that in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;had less acidosis than\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the other \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;Conclusion\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;: Prophylactic infusion of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephenylephrine can effectively \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;alleviate\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;decrease\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; spinal anesthesia\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;related\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehypotension without \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;causing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;any \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;major\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;significant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;maternal or fetal \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;complication\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; for mother or her\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efetal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;To date\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Currently\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, there is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;growing number of well-known predictors of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;malignancy of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;thyroid nodule\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; malignancies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; including \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;solid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; fixed \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;formation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;tumors \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;detected \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;physiological examination, rapid growth\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; large\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esize of the site, tracheostomy, dysphagia\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; lymphadenopathy, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;history\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;irradiation \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in the history of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;low doses of radiation \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehead and neck \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;dur\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; infancy, age less \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;than \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;20 years \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;greater \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;than\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e70 years\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, a comma (called as serial comma) is generally added before “and” in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; male gender. Detection of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethyroid tumors\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;characterized by \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;benign course and favorable prognosis\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370 can significantly reduce the number of surgical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einterventions. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in some \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;cases\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;where \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;malignant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;potential of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;malignancy of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etumor \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cannot\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; be determined. In \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such cases\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;this case\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, alternative diagnostic methods are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erequired. These may include the detection of BRAF and RAS \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;spot \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;point \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;mutations\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; PAX8\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; / \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;PPAR\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;γ\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;?\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and RET\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; / \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;PTC translocation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;but \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;given\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe high cost of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;genetic testing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;research data\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erelatively low sensitivity, these methods are not always suitable for routine\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediagnostics. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;etermination of the level of serum hormones may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe cheaper and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;yield \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;faster\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; results\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. This review \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edevoted to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eassessment of the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;role of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;current concept on\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; thyroid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stimulating\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehormone \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(TSH) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;role \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;development\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand progression\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; differentiated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethyroid \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cancer\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;carcinoma\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enamely papillary thyroid carcinoma. Numerous studies \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;demonstrated the significance of high \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;TSH\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; level\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in thyroid nod\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ul\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; maligni\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;z\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ation and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; disease\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprogression associated with rapid growth, aggressiveness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and metastasis\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edevelopment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; Many authors \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efound TSH level\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;find this test\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;useful for distinguishing \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;between \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;benign and malignant thyroid tumors and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The use of “suggest” and “may” in the same sentence is redundant in this context as both words denote a possibility.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;suggest\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe used as an auxiliary in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;diagnostics.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A comma should be used after transition words such as therefore, however, moreover, nevertheless, hence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; However\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; there \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have been \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;some authors who \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;did not find \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;found \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;any \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;no \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;relationship\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebetween TSH \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;level \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and thyroid cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, there is a growing body of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;investigations \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;evidence \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;demonstrating the opposite \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;relations \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;association \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;between\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTSH level\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and thyroid \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370malignancies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cancer\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Nevertheless, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;G\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;enetic studies \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;support \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also are in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efavor of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;presence of a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reciprocal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eassociation between \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;TSH\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; level \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of TSH \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the development of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;thyroid cancer\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; development\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"がん研究分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"がん研究分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:16.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-23T10:46:26.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":122,"titleslug":"cancer-research","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":46,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_CancerResearch.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cancer_Research_44759f6c4d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":156.87,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Cancer_Research_44759f6c4d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:21:41.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:21:41.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":47,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_CancerResearch.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cancer_Research_926cb58be3","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":156.82,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Cancer_Research_926cb58be3.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2020-11-05T20:21:41.000Z","updated_at":"2020-11-05T20:21:41.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"がん研究"},{"id":87,"salevelthree":{"id":191,"name":"Virology (ウイルス学)","saleveltwo":15,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-26T15:04:53.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":935,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"模式図:中心円+5つの関連円","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_a9902e28af","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":7.28,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_a9902e28af.png"}},"hash":"download_a9902e28af","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.49,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_a9902e28af.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-26T15:04:50.000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-05T11:12:04.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":37,"salevelone":2,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"ウイルス学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、ウイルス学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。微生物学や病理学の一分野とみなされるウイルス学、さらに遺伝学、微生物学、免疫学などの関連分野の修士号や博士号を持つ校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらがウイルス学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Cases in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Only three previous reports have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshown that\u
3700026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;human parvovirus B19 (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;HPV\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eB19\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; can induce aplastic crisis and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunmask \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hereditary\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003espherocytosis (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;HS\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efamily\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; are rare, with only three cases being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereported so far\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Here, two sentences have been joined together to present the intended information in a more concise manner.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In 1984\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Previously\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;some researches\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein 1984 reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;an adult sibling pair with HS \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;who \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was reported to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;develop\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; aplastic crisis after a febrile illness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, which was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efurther \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;diagnosed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HPV B19 infection\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. The diagnosis of HPV B19 was developed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;based\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eon \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the presence of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;specific IgM antibod\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir sera, as \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;PCR \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;polymerase chain reaction \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was not available\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot be performed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They also found that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;children of one of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe patients \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;developed HPV B19\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;induced\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaplastic crisis, which \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;resolved with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esupportive care. These two adult patients were treated \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblood transfusion\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and supportive care\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;discharged after 6\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"An en dash is generally used instead of a hyphen to denote a range.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 days of hospital\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ization\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; care\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Similarly, in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1987, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In a similar report, McLellan and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRutter in 1987 reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HPV B19\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;induced aplastic crisis \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in two teenage sisters\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which led \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;leading \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to the diagnosis of HS. They both\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epresented with progressive fatigue, dizziness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand pallor after a febrile illness. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In addition, their\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;had a history\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof splenectomy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in their mother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;at the age\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof 11 years. They both were diagnosed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HPV B19\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;underwent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esplenectomy and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;received \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;supportive care\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003euntil recovery. In 1962, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Chanarin et al. reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;aplastic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecrisis \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;three \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;members\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof a family (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; sisters and the\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ir\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efather).\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;9\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;One of the sisters \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;10\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;year\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;old\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; girl\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epresented with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"When a number-unit adjective comes before a noun, it must be hyphenated, but not when it follows the noun. In this case, “7-day” is the number-unit adjective describing the noun “history.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eday\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; history of fever of unknown origin, jaundice,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand dark urine. The same \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;illness \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;symptoms \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were noted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the other sister (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;year\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;old\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;sister \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the father (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;32\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;year\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;old\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;father \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;who\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eboth had HS. The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;elder sister \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;10-year-old girl \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;was treated with repeated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransfusions, splenectomy, and supportive care for 92 days. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Only three previous reports have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshown that HPV B19 can induce aplastic crisis and unmask \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HS in a family. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Previously\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In 1984\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, some researche\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;r\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in 1984 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;reported an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadult sibling pair with HS who developed aplastic crisis after a febrile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eillness, which was further diagnosed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HPV B19 infection. The diagnosis of HPV B19\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;developed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;made\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;based \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the basis of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;specific IgM antibod\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir sera\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; as PCR was not available. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They also found that the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;children of one of the patients \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;developed HPV B19\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;induced aplastic crisis, which \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;resolved with supportive care. These two adult\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients were treated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;blood transfusion and supportive care and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;discharged after 6\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"An en dash is generally used instead of a hyphen to denote a range.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;8 days of hospital\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ization\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; care\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn a similar report\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in 1987\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, McLellan\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand Rutter \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in 1987 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;reported HPV B19\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;induced\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaplastic crisis in two teenage sisters\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which led \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;leading \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe diagnosis of HS. They both presented with progressive fatigue, dizziness\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, a comma (called serial or Oxford comma) is inserted before “and” in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand pallor after a febrile illness. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Their mother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;also\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehad a history of splenectomy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in their mother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;at\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe age of 11 years. They \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;diagnosed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;HPV B19 and underwent splenectomy and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;received \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;supportive care until recovery. In 1962,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChanarin et al. reported a
370plastic crisis in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;three \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;members of a family (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; sisters and the father). The 10-year-old \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;girl \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sister \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;presented\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"When a number-unit adjective comes before a noun, it must be hyphenated, but not when it follows the noun. In this case, “7-day” is the number-unit adjective describing the noun “history.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;day\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehistory of fever of unknown origin, jaundice, and dark urine. The same illness\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas reported in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;2-year-old sister\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand 32-year-old father\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; who both had HS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe 10-year-old \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;girl \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sister \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;was treated with repeated transfusions,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esplenectomy, and supportive care for 92 days. \u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ウイルス学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"ウイルス学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:51.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:06:53.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":191,"titleslug":"virology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":234,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Virology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Virology_0e71be588e","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":147.68,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Virology_0e71be588e.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:00.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:00.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":157,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Virology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Virology_03f5c6fca4","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":145.94,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Virology_03f5c6fca4.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:38.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:38.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ウイルス学"}]},{"id":3,"title":"物理・化学・工学","description":"\u003cp\u003e物理科学・工学分野におけるエナゴの校正者の65%以上が、IEEEのような学術研究団体での校正業務経験を持つ、英文校正の
370専門家です。エナゴの英文校正をご利用いただいた皆様の論文が次々にトップジャーナルに受理されています。\u003c/p\u003e","card_title":"エナゴの化学・物理・\u003cbr\u003e工学分野の強み","card_description":null,"sa_title":"化学・物理・工学分野の\u003cbr\u003e英文校正サンプル","card":[{"id":129,"title":"物理科学・工学関連文書の種類","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30種類以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4262,"name":"Paper Editing.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Paper_Editing_1a5444d331","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":0.92,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Paper_Editing_1a5444d331.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z"}},{"id":130,"title":"英文校正に関わったジャーナル","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13000誌以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4263,"name":"medicine-journal-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.2,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:34.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:57.000Z"}},{"id":131,"title":"細分化された専門分野の数","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e350以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4264,"name":"subject-area-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"subject_area_assist_734ff88845","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.67,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/subject_area_assist_734ff88845.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z"}}],"card_link":{"id":36,"text":"物理・化学・工学分野の詳細へ","url":"/subjects/physical-science-engineering"},"sa_link":{"id":37,"text":"英文校正サンプルをもっと見る","url":"/samples"},"sa_samples":[{"id":92,"salevelthree":{"id":581,"name":"Organic Chemistry (有機化学)","saleveltwo":32,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T12:20:19.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":956,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"エナゴの有機化学校正サンプル","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_0e73d4438b","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":6.63,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_0e73d4438b.png"}},"hash":"download_0e73d4438b","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.59,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_0e73d4438b.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T12:20:16.000Z","updated_at":"2024-04-15T12:54:17.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":50,"salevelone":4,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"有機化学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、有機化学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。有機化学および、共鳴理論、酸と塩基、立体化学、アルケン・アルキンなどの関連分野の専門知識を有する校正者が、校閲・校正を行います。こちらが有機化学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"WordSection1\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;1. INTRODUCTION\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Recently, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edemand for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;biofuels \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"TIn passive voice, adverbs of manner are generally placed between the helping and main verbs.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecently increased\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are in high demand because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;owing to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;their environment\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;uses\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;benefits\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBiofuels are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;considered to be a good \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;better \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;alternate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;alternatives for traditional fuels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;if they are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;cost affective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cost-effective\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Repetition of the same word or a phrase that c
370onveys the same meaning hampers the readability of a sentence. This sentence has been edited for conciseness and to eliminate repetition of redundant information.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecan be \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;effectively mass-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;produced\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in large quantities in a continuous batch without hampering or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehaving any negative effects on food supply ,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and can be effectively derived \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;from biomass \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to reduce \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;without\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehampering food supply, and can reduce \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the cost and energy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;needed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;required \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to produce feedstock \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;for biofuel production.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; Chemically, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Biodiesels\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;biodiesels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;chemically \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;mono-alkyl methyl esters. During\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eesterification\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Introductory clauses are separated from the main clause using a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;fatty acids \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sequentially\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A verb must agree with its subject. Herein, “fatty acids” is a plural subject; therefore, it will take a plural verb “separate.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eseparate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; from \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The spelling has been revised to suit American English.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eglycerin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e one by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eone\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; via a catalyst\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Biofuels\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, such as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;biodiesels\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;formed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;produced \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;when \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a methyl\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealcohol\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;methanol\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; (CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;OH)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;contacts \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;binds\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and forms a bond with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efatty acid \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;molecule \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(e.g., palmitoleic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eacid CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;(CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;CH=CH(CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;COOH)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and forms a bond\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; major reasons \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;why \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that prove \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Biofuels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;biofuels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;offer a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;better alternative\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; to fossil fuels are that they are economically\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompetitive\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and can be generated on a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elarge scale \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from the waste of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by recycling the waster produced on a daily basis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;our day-to-day lives thus ensuring a recycle of waste\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproducts to\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. These\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003equalities of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;productive components as also\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;biofuels also ensure the maintenance of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;maintaining \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a closed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Closed is an adjective that modifies the noun “carbon cycle” here. Therefore, the incorrect usage of hyphen was deleted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;carbon cycle.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In this study, to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;To \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;further identify \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;biofuels\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;better sources of energy and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecost\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;effectiv\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in this study\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompare the current \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;presently \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;available\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebiofuels \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are compared with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;some \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;commonly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eused fossil fuels.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;1. INTRODUCTION\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;Recently, biofuels\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare in high demand because of their environment\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;uses\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;benefits\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBiofuels are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;considered to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a good\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealternat\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;iv\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e if they are cost\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Choosing the right word to convey meaning eases readability and understanding.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaffective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;effective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e, can be produced in large quantities in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea continuous batch without hampering or having any negative effects on food\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esupply\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, and can be effectively derived\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efrom biomass to reduce the cost and energy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;needed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;required \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to produce feedstock\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; for biofuel production.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;Biodiesels are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echemically mono-alkyl methyl esters. During esterification\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Introductory clauses are separated from the main clause using a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a catalyst separates\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the fatty acids \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;separates \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The spelling has been revised to suit American English.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eglycerin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; one by one. Biofuels\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;biodiesels\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare formed when \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;methyl alcohol (CH\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;OH)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Remark: Presenting information in a concise manner often aids clarity and enhances readability\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;binds\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;contacts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand forms a bond with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a fatty acid \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;molecule\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(e.g., palmitoleic acid CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;(CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;CH=CH(CH\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;COOH)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and forms a bond\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Numbers have to be spelled out at the beginning of the sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; major reasons why \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;B\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;b\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;iofuels \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;offer a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; better \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;alternative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;than\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; fossil fuels are\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as follows:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(1) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;they are economically competitive\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(2) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe generated on a large scale from the waste of our \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;day-to-day\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;daily\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; lives\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethus ensuring a recycle of waste products to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;productive components \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;while\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealso maintaining a closed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Closed is an adjective that modifies the noun “carbon cycle” here. Therefore, the incorrect usage of hyphen was deleted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;carbon cycle.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;To further\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eidentify which biofuels \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;better sources of energy and cost\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-effective\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; effectiv\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein this study\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;we \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compare the current\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eavailable biofuels to some of the commonly used fossil fuels.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"有機化学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"有機化学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:07:43.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":581,"titleslug":"organic-chemistry","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":171,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry_e06b3fcc56","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":149.21,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry_e06b3fcc56.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:41.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:41.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":183,"name":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry_ca9a803299","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":145.44,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Organic_Chemistry_ca9a803299.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:42.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:42.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"有機化学"},{"id":93,"salevelthree":{"id":821,"name":"Electronic, Optical And Magnetic Materials (電子・光・磁性材料)","saleveltwo":40,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T12:26:03.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":957,"name":"electronicoptical-min.png","alternativeText":"アイコン:ケーブルコネクション","caption":"","width":175,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_electronicoptical-min.png","hash":"thumbnail_electronicoptical_min_a73a223aab","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":156,"height":156,"size":9.45,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_electronicoptical_min_a73a223aab.png"}},"hash":"electronicoptical_min_a73a223aab","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.59,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/electronicoptical_min_a73a223aab.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T12:26:00.000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-04T12:01:45.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":41,"salevelone":4,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"電子・光・磁性材料(電子光学)分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、電子光学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。固体物理学と化学、電子工学と化学工学、および材料科学の基本原理などが複合的に関係する電子光学のほか、材料科学、半導体(セミコンダクター)などの幅広い知識を有する校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが電子光学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Figure 4\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshows \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a CTSe thin film \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;X-ray powder diffraction (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;XRD\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; pattern \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of a thin CTSe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efilm \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;obtained \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;prepared by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sequential\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edeposition of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thin films of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;CuSe and SnSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; thin films\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; using\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370 a preparation routine \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like one plotted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;shown\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein Fig. 3 \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;evaporated masses of Cu and Sn of 0.01 and 0.07 g\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; respectively.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Figure 4 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The simple present tense is used when referring to Figures/Tables present in text. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;showed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;shows \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe XRD\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; pattern\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for films \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of CuSe and SnSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; films\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. The\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;se\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;XRD patterns were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compared with the CTSe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediffractogram\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;my\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in order \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;get \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;identify the reflections corresponding to secondary phases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the thin CTSe films \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;with a greater degree of accuracy\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the reflections corresponding to secondary phases in the thin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCTSe films\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt; thin films were grown\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;method\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebased on sequential evaporation of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thin films of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;CuSe\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and SnSe \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;thin films \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stage\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprocess. Characterization \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;done \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by XRD \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gave\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eevidence of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;proved the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;formation of a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compound \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;formation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;containing predominantly the Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehowever\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the sequence \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebinary precursors \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;are evaporated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; and the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreparation parameters\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;significantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;affect\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the phase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; formation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas well \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the structural, optical\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Choosing the right technical words to convey meaning eases readability and understanding and maintains technical accuracy.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;electric\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;transport\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; properties\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the thin CTSe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efilms. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Moreover o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;O\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ptical characterization \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;performed by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003espectral transmittance measurements revealed that the CTSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; films\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; have low transmittance and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;poor crystallographic quality, probably\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eassociated to structural and native defects, indicating that further studies\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emust be \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;done \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to improve CTSe film\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;properteis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;properties\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"To create an easy flow of ideas, transition words such as however, therefore, and moreover can be used. This usage enhances coherence of ideas in the paragraph and the manuscript on the whole.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Furthermore, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;results \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;revealed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;demonstrated \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;characterize of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efilms \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;be potentially used\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; for a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;done to get \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;p\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;type\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;conductivity\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;semiconductor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenergy band gap \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;approximately\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;somewhat\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 1.6 eV\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Temperature-dependent \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;Conductivity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;conductivity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;measurements\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on temperature dependence \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;revealed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Omission of words that are necessary to meaning will result in failed communication. Omissions are common in colloquial English; however, these should not be carried over to written English. For example: The trouble was the paper had not been submitted. (incorrect); The trouble was that the paper had not been submitted. (Correct)\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econductivit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of the CTSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; films were\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; predominantly affected \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by the transport\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;free carrier\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\
370u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;transport \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;states of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evalence band. In high temperatures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ranges \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(T\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 550\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;K)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe increase of σ could be \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;attributed to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecarrier densit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;coming \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;originating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from deep acceptor impurities,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhereas the change of σ observed in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;low\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etemperatures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;range \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(T \u0026lt; 350\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;K) can\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eattributed to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;changes \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;carrier \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;density \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecarrier coming \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;originating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshallow acceptor impurities associated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;secondary phases.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Figure 4\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; shows \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a CTSe thin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efilm \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the XRD pattern \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of a thin CTSe film\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;obtained \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sequential deposition of thin films of CuSe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand SnSe\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eusing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370 a preparation routine \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;plotted in Fig. 3 \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;evaporated\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emasses of Cu and Sn of 0.01 and 0.07 g\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erespectively.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Figure 4 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The simple present tense is used when referring to Figures/Tables present in text. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;showed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;shows \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the XRD\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; pattern\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for films \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;of CuSe and SnSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; films\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. The\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;se\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compared with the CTSe diffractogram\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;my\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in order \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;get \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;obtain \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with a greater degree of accuracy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the reflections\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecorresponding to secondary phases in the thin CTSe films\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; with a greater degree of accuracy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt; thin films were grown\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;method\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebased on sequential evaporation of thin films of CuSe\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and SnSe in a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stage process. Characterization \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;done \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eXRD \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gave evidence of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;proved the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;formation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compound \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;formation \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;containing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epredominantly the Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt; phase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; however\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the sequence \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the binary precursors \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;are evaporated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; and the preparation parameters\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;significantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;affect\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe phase as well \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the structural,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoptical\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Choosing the right technical words to convey meaning eases readability and understanding and maintains technical accuracy.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;electric\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;transport\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; properties\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; of the thin CTSe films. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Moreover o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;O\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ptical characterization performed by spectral\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransmittance measurements revealed that the CTSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efilms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; have low transmittance and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;poor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecrystallographic quality, probably associated to structural and native defects,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eindicating that further studies must be done to improve CTSe film\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;properteis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;properties\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"To create an easy flow of ideas, transition words such as however, therefore, and moreover can be used. This usage enhances coherence of ideas in the paragraph and the manuscript on the whole.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Furthermore, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;results revealed that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;characterize\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the Cu\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;SnSe\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt; films \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;be characterized\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red;mso-no-proof:yes\"\u0026gt;done \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-no-proof:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyes\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;get \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;obtain\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;p\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;type\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econductivity \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an energy band gap \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;around\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;somewhat\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6 eV\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Temperature-dependent \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;Conductivity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;conductivity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;measurements\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on temperature dependence \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;revealed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; conductivit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of the CTSe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; films were\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; predominantly affected \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370by the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;free\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecarrier transport in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;states of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evalence band. In high temperatures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ranges \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(T\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 550\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;K)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe increase of σ could be \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;attributed to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecarrier densit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;coming \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;originating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from deep acceptor impurities,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhereas the change of σ observed in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;low\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etemperatures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;range \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(T \u0026lt; 350\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;K) can\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eattributed to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;changes \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;carrier \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;density \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecarrier coming \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;originating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshallow acceptor impurities associated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;secondary phases.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"電子・光・磁性材料(電子光学)分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"電子・光・磁性材料(電子光学)分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:55.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:08:03.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":821,"titleslug":"electronic-magnetic-optical-materials","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":219,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Electronic_Optical_and_Magnetic_Materials.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Electronic_Optical_and_Magnetic_Materials_8eea4603f0","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":234.79,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Electronic_Optical_and_Magnetic_Materials_8eea4603f0.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:53.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:53.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":222,"name":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Electronic_Optical_and_Magnetic_Materials.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Electronic_Optical_and_Magnetic_Materials_770c52bee6","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":231.7,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Electronic_Optical_and_Magnetic_Materials_770c52bee6.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:55.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:55.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"電子・光・磁性材料"},{"id":94,"salevelthree":{"id":568,"name":"Analytical Chemistry (分析化学)","saleveltwo":32,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-28T13:53:17.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":958,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"分析化学","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_182ff000b1","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":7.99,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_182ff000b1.png"}},"hash":"download_182ff000b1","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.41,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_182ff000b1.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-28T13:53:14.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:47:49.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":38,"salevelone":4,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"分析化学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、分析化学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。分析化学に限らず、無機化学、有機化学、物理化学などの関連分野の修士号や博士号を持つ校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが分析化学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Figure 2 shows\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;A scanning electron microscopy image of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt; the Pt/mordenite zeolite catalyst\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; is shown in Figure 2,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the SEM micrography. The image \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;indicates\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the catalyst \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphology\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;homogeneous\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emorphology\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;High surface area improves\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe reactant adsorption, thus \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The surface\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003earea is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;playing a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;key\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; role\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecataly\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; Higher surface area improves the reactant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadsorption\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalysts \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;surface area\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePt/mordenite zeolite catalyst\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;measured\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eby\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrunauer–Emmett–Teller \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;BET\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;surface\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eanalysis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface area of Pt/mordneite zeolites \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The subject-verb agreement requires the use of singular past tense “was” here since surface area is singular. Please note that “were” is a plural conjugation.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e296.69 \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"BET surface area is typically specified in area per unit of mass or bulk volume. We suggest that “gm” should be “g” at this instance.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; m\u0026lt;sup\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sup\u0026gt;/g\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e. The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;X-ray powder\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediffraction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;XRDs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; pattern of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePt/mordenite zeolite (Figure 3) exhibits the most intense diffraction peaks at\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2θ = 6\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; -\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;30\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;°\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;thus \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;confirmed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;confirming the MOR\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;structure of zeolite \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as the MOR\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; as well as its\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;good \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;crystalline nature\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; being good\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;The hydroisomerizetion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof p\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;P\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;ure n-pen\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;tane and n-pentane in a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebinary mixture of pentane isomers w\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ere\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hydroisomerized \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;performed by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePt/mordenite catalyst \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;under a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wide range\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof experimental condition\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. The hydro\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;logical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;conversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;products\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The proper use for “consist” is “to consist of” whereas for “comprise” it is just “comprise(s).” For example, “the soups comprise vegetables.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;comprise\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;yielded\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;both\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eisomerization and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;creaking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cracking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;products. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Hence\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the following subsections\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the effects of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reaction parameters \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effects with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalytic performance of pure n-pentane as\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efeed are demonstrated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;based on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;catalytic activity and isomerization\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eselectivity. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;after this\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Then\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, the isomerization of n\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pentane in the bi\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nary\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emixture is discussed\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in the last part of this section\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Figure 4 shows the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econversion of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Typically, n-pentane is written with a hyphen. Also, since you used a hyphen earlier, the notation or spelling should be the same throughout the document.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; n\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pentane\u0026lt;/span
370\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas a function of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereaction temperature. The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tests \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;were performed in\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;side \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;H\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;environment \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;at temperatures ranging\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"To express ranges, the preposition pairs from…to and between… and are used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; from 150\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; °C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; - \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;350 °C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nd\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eatmosphere pressure\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;It clearly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshows that t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalyst \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is seen to strongly catalyze the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;showed a high catalysing activity for the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;isomerization\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof n\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pentene, particularly in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etemperature rang\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 220\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; °C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;350 °\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;C. Because of the low activity of the catalyst\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand the low reactivity of n-pentane, the conversion of n-pentane is negligible \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;at \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;temperatures\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebelow 180 °C. By increasing the temperature \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;at \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;180 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°C \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e220 °C, the conversion of n-pentane \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;rose greatly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increased significantly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;; however, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efurther \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increas\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; temperature \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;further results in a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;slow\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;rises \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;conversion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis can be \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;caused by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;attributed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; an \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increasing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increase in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the number of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esites \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;can be activated for the reaction when the temperatures increase\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe range \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;180\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; °C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; -\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;220 °C; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;but\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;however\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, the\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econversion\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; rate \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of conversion increase \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;begins to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;declining \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;decrease as the temperature increases \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;because of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethermodynamic restriction\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; at \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370bigger \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;high \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;temperature.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn other words, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increasing \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;temperature always \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;results in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;means \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a faster\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increaseing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;reaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erate. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thus a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;t\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elow temperatures\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, the low reaction rates cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe actual conversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be far below the equilibrium conversion\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; because low reaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rate.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;On\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe contrary\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In contrast,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; at\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigh\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;er\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; temperatures the equilibrium\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will be more easy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeasily achieved\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Note that “because of” modifies a verb, but “due to” modifies a noun (or pronoun). \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;due to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;high\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereaction rate. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Figure 2 shows\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;An SEM image of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt; the Pt/mordenite zeolite catalyst \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the SEM micrography. The image\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is shown in Figure 2 and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;indicates \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the catalyst has a homogeneous morphology.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe surface area \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;plays\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; key \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;role \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalyst\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;catalytic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Higher\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;High\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface area improves the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reactant \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;adsorption\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; of reactants.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;catalysts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;surface area \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of the catalyst \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emeasured by BET \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;surface\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eanalysis.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; The surface area of Pt/\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mordneite\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;mordenite\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ezeolites \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The subject-verb agreement requires the use of singular past tense “was” here since surface area is singular. Please note that “were” is a plural conjugation.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e296.69 m\u0026lt;sup\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sup\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gm\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;XRDs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;XRD\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; pattern of Pt/mordenite zeolite (Figure 3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexhibits the most intense diffraction peaks at 2θ = 6\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; -\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u0026lt;sup\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/sup\u0026gt;, and it thus confirmed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Ranges are presented using an en dash, not a hyphen.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;30°; the MOR \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;structure of zeolite \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as the MOR as well as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eits \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;good \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;crystalline nature \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egood. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are thus confirmed.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hydroisomerizetion\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hydroisomerization\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof pure n-pentane and n-pentane in a binary mixture of pentane isomers was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperformed by the Pt/mordenite catalyst \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;under a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; wide \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ranges\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;range\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of experimental conditions. The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;hydrological \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;hydro-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;conversion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproducts \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The proper use for “consist” is “to consist of” whereas for “comprise” it is just “comprise(s).” For example, “the soups comprise vegetables.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;comprise\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; both isomerization\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;creaking\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cracking\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproducts. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Hence the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efollowing subsections \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cover\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehow the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparameters \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effects with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;affect\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the catalytic performance of pure\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003en-pentane as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;feed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edemonstrated by catalytic activity and isomerization selectivity. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;after\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethis\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Then\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe isomerization of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;npentane\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n-pentane\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; in the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;bi\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;binary\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; mixture is discussed.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Figure 4 shows the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econversion of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;npentane\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Typically n-pentane is written with a hyphen. Also, since you used a hyphen earlier, the notation or spelling should be the same throughout the document.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n-pentane\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas a function of reaction temperature.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tests\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewere performed \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inside\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ean\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; H\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; environment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eat temperatures ranging from 150 \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°C to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 350 °C \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;at\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; atmosphere \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt clearly shows that the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;pressure. The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecatalyst \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370showed a high catalysing activity for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is seen to strongly catalyze\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the isomerization of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;npentene\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n-pentene\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparticularly in the temperature \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ranging in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;range of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 220\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; °C –\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;350 °\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;C.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBecause of the low activity of the catalyst and the low reactivity of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003en-pentane, the conversion of n-pentane is negligible \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;at\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; temperatures\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebelow 180 °C. By increasing the temperature \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;at\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 180 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°C \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e220 °C, the conversion of n-pentane \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;rose\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increased\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; greatly; however, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a further\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincrease in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increasing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;temperature \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;slowly rises\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;further results in a slow\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; conversion. This \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; be caused\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eby an \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increasing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the number of sites \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe activated for the reaction when the temperatures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increase to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in the range \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 180 \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;- \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;°C–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;220\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e°C; but, the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;rate of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;conversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increase declining \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;rate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebegins to decline for increasing temperature \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;because of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethermodynamic \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;restriction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;restrictions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; at \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;bigger\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;high\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; temperature. In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eother words, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increasing \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;temperature\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealways \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;means increaseing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;results\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein a higher \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reaction rate. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thus at\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;At\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elow \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;temperatures\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;temperature,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the actual conversion will be far\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebelow the equilibrium conversion because \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;low\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereaction rate. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;On the contrary\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrast,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; at higher \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;temperatures\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;temperature,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe equilibrium conversion will \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;be more easy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;easier\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; due to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; high reaction rate. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"分析化学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"分析化学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:52.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:08:22.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":568,"titleslug":"analytical-chemistry","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":250,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Analytical_Chemistry.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Analytical_Chemistry_4b5adbf13e","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":385.23,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Analytical_Chemistry_4b5adbf13e.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:03.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:03.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":240,"name":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Analytical_Chemistry.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Analytical_Chemistry_b1e3b543e1","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":332.36,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Analytical_Chemistry_b1e3b543e1.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"分析化学"},{"id":95,"salevelthree":{"id":726,"name":"Mechanical Engineering (機械工学)","saleveltwo":36,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-28T13:54:06.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":959,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"エナゴの機械工学校正サンプル","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_29e448fb3c","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":7.42,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_29e448fb3c.png"}},"hash":"download_29e448fb3c","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.43,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_29e448fb3c.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-28T13:54:04.000Z","updated_at":"2024-04-15T12:55:18.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":47,"salevelone":4,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"機械工学(メカニカル・エンジニアリング)分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、機械工学(メカニカル・エンジニアリング)分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。機械の設計・製造に関わる機械工学および、材料工学、静力学と動力学、材料力学、固体力学など、関連分野の専門知識を持つ校正者が、校閲・校正を行います。こちらが機械工学(メカニカル・エンジニアリング)論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"WordSection1\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;In this paper\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Introductory prepositional phrase are separated from the main clause by a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; we \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;talk about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;discuss\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; two topics \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;covered\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;under the subject area of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; mech\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eengineering: mechanical advantage and combustion.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A given machine creates \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Mechanical\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;mechanical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;advantage (MA)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecreated by a machine\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;make possible\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enables\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effective \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the performance of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;work using less force. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;We will define as:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;MA\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis defined as follows:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;MA\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Spaces should be inserted before and after arithmetic symbols.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; = \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Output\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eforce\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nput\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eforce.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;MA is divided into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etwo categories\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"To use the colon correctly, you must make sure that sentence that c
370omes before the colon is a complete, grammatical sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eideal mechanical advantage (IMA) and actual mechanical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadvantage (AMA). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The former \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;IMA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;called\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheoretical mechanical advantage\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the MA of an ideal machine\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The second one\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;AMA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; is the MA of a real machine\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This type of MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;takes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;considers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the factors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;pertaining to the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;real world\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;energy lost in friction\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; process\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Some examples of machines that exhibit MA are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; beams, screwdrivers,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edoorknobs, pulleys\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, an oxford comma is placed before “and” in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; , \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;screws.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In below paragraph, we\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;We \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;describe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;working\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the functioning\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Think of\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Consider a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;simple\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compound\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;comprise\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;d of\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;moveable and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a movable pulley and a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fixed pulley lifting a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eweight \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;we will call\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;designated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;‘\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;”\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; The tension in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;all\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe lines\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each line\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; connecting\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;those 2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;these\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etwo\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; pulleys \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is calculated as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;A/3. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Then\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyield MA =\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This yields an MA of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;For\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In cases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewherein \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;moveable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;movable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epulley \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fixed pulley \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lifting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;lift \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;additional pulley channeling the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elifting force \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;downward\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; direction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, the tension in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;all lines \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each line is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;still \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;A/3\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370. And MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;value \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is 3\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Fixing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Adding\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; a fixed pulley to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;single\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increased mechanical advantage\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increases MA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Next in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enext topic of this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;discussion is combustion\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, that is used to introduce a restrictive clause and which a nonrestrictive clause.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e, which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esequence of exothermic \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reaction where fuels and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxidants\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions wherein a fuel and an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxidant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; react. This \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;produces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not only produces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;heat \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;but\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;chemical species that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has underwent\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eundergone\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; modification or conversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;during the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sequence of reactions. There are two\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etypes of combustion: complete and incomplete. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Complete\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The former type of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; combustion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, information is presented with accuracy and concise
370ness. Formal language is a hallmark of academic English. One way to ensure conciseness in expression is converting phrasal verbs to formal words. In this instance, “takes place” is replaced with “occurs.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; takes place\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;presence of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sufficient oxygen\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; levels.But\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;limited number\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of products \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;come\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are produced\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reactent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombusting. In incomplete\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactant that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis undergoing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; combustion\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. In contrast, in the latter type, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;insufficient\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxygen is available for the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reactent.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactant.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;products\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;incomplete\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombustion \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;usually \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are unhealthy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;harmful\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto health\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;In this paper\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Introductory prepositional phrase are separated from the main clause by a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; we \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370talk about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;discuss\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; two topics \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;covered\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;under the subject area of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; mech\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eengineering: mechanical advantage and combustion.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;Mechanicaladvantage\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(MA) is created by a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;given \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;machine that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;make possible\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enables\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effective \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperformance of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;work using less force\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. We\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewill define as:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; it is defined as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efollows:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;MA\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; = \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Output\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eforce\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nput\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eforce.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;MA is divided into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etwo categories\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Introductory prepositional phrase are separated from the main clause by a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eideal mechanical advantage (IMA) and actual mechanical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eadvantage (AMA). The former is called theoretical mechanical advantage\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMA of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Because the a and an mean one, they cannot be used with 
370noncount nouns; therefore, “machines” was revised to “machine” herein.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ean ideal machine\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;second one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;latter \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;called \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the MA of a real machine\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This type of MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;takes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;considers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the factors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;pertaining to the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;real world\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;energy lost in friction\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; process\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Some examples of machines that exhibit MA are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; beams, screwdrivers,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edoorknobs, pulleys\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, an oxford comma is placed before “and” in a series.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;screws.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In below paragraph, we\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;We \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;describe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;working\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the functioning\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Think of\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Consider a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;simple\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compound\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;comprising \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;comprised of\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;moveable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a movable pulley and a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fixed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epulley lifting a weight \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;we will call\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;designated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;‘\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;”\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; The tension in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;all\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe lines\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each line\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; connecting\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;those 2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;these\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etwo\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; pulleys \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;=\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is calculated as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;A/3. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Then\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyield MA =\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This yields an MA of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;For\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In cases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewherein \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;moveable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;movable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epulley \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fixed pulley \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lifting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;lift \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;additional pulley channeling the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elifting force \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;downward\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; direction\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, the tension in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;all lines \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each line is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;still \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;A/3\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370. And MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;value \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of MA \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is 3\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Fixing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Adding\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt; a fixed pulley to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;single\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;pulley\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;increased mechanical advantage\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increases MA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Next in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enext topic of this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\"\u0026gt;discussion is combustion\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, that is used to introduce a restrictive clause and which a nonrestrictive clause.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e, which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esequence of exothermic \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reaction where fuels and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxidants\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactions wherein a fuel and an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxidant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; react. This \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;produces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not only produces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;heat \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;but\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;chemical species that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has underwent\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eundergone\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; modification or conversion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;during the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sequence of reactions. There are two\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etypes of combustion: complete and incomplete. Complete combustion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, information is presented with accuracy and concise
370ness. Formal language is a hallmark of academic English. One way to ensure conciseness in expression is converting phrasal verbs to formal words. In this instance, “takes place” is replaced with “occurs.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;takes place\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;presence of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sufficient oxygen\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; levels.But\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;limited number\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of products \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;come\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are produced\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reactent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombusting. In incomplete\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactant that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis undergoing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; combustion\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. In contrast, in incomplete combustion, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;insufficient\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoxygen is available for the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reactent.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reactant.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;products\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;incomplete\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombustion \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;usually \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are unhealthy\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;harmful\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto health\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"機械工学(メカニカル・エンジニアリング)分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"機械工学(メカニカル・エンジニアリング)分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:08:39.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":726,"titleslug":"mechanical-engineering","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":161,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering_69a9d59a23","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":161.14,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering_69a9d59a23.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:39.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:39.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":173,"name":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering_27aaeec891","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":162.26,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Mechanical_Engineering_27aaeec891.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:41.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:41.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"機械工学"},{"id":96,"salevelthree":{"id":718,"name":"Electronics Engineering (電子工学)","saleveltwo":36,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-28T13:54:56.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":960,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"アイコン:ダウンロード","caption":"","width":175,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_8856f9b226","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":156,"height":156,"size":8.48,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_8856f9b226.png"}},"hash":"download_8856f9b226","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.65,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_8856f9b226.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-28T13:54:52.000Z","updated_at":"2023-09-21T05:39:25.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":42,"salevelone":4,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"電子工学(エレクトロニクス・エンジニアリング)分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、電子工学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。半導体機器などの電子回路の関連を含めた電子工学、情報工学、電気工学など、各種分野の専門知識を有する校正者が校閲・校正を行います。こちらが電子工学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;THE \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;ZIGBEE\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePROTOCOL\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The original sentence describes that Zigbee standard and Zigbee Alliance are two different charters that unite to form a cluster of companies. There are many errors in this statement: (a) has been come is an incorrect tense; the more appropriate phrase can be has been developed/was developed by; (b) they made up is incorrect; the better phrasing can be Zigbee is a group of companies in the fields of.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Zigbee Alliance is a group of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompanies specializing in semiconductors, software development, and original\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eequipment manufacturers (OEMs) that has created the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Zig\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; standard\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has been come with with the ZigBee Alliance, they made\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eup many member companies, from semiconducting industry and software developers\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The ZigBee \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;standards\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;designed \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to ensure \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inexpensive\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;low cost\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ness\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, low\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The hyphen in between is not necessary. Low is an adjective to the noun power; a compound low-power is oftentimes an adjective. For example, low-power system.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epower\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elow\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;data\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rate networking. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Devices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ZigBee \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;devices \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;operate in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;industries\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;industrial\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;science \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;scientific,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and medical (ISM) radio \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;banding\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;bands\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;: 868 MHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Europe, 915 MHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;North America\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and 2.4 GHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e[2] The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ZigBee \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;standard operates \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIEEE 802.15.4 physical radio specific\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The specifics \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;describe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe physical layer (PHY) protocol functions \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the interactions with the medium access\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrol \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;layer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(MAC) layer\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"For brevity, we can remove this portion and substitute with a conjunction.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Moreover, it also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edefines the minimum hardware-level requirements\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the receiver sensitivity and the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransmitter output power. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;odulations used in IEEE 802.15.4 are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;BPSK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;binary phase shift keying\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (BPSK)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ASK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;amplitude shift keying\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (ASK),\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;O-QPSK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;offset quadrature phase shift\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ekeying\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (O-QPSK)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. [2]\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"One is a singular indefinite pronoun in this case; it should agree with a singular verb.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;One\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; of the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;major\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;benefits \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Zig\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the low cost\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;allows\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wide \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;wide range \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;deployed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;applications \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewireless monitoring and control. ZigBee devices can activate (pass from sleep\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emode to active mode) in a very quick time (15 \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Units are usually abbreviated when reporting numerical information.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;ms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;econds\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eso \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;they\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehave been allotted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sleep\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; most\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; time\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026
370lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This makes it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epossible to have a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;preserving the use of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epower and thus, providing them \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;long-lasting battery life\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;typically \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lasting\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor years.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Master\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;slave is a model \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunication protocol that involves \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;device or \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;process\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;known \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;as the master) controlling one or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emore devices or processes (\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;known \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;slaves). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eafter th\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Here,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e master/slave association was set up, the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;direction of control \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will always be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealways \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from the master\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to the slaves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to the slaves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ystems \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;built in the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hardware component\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of ZigBee devices comprise\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;created it has two parts respecting to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethis model: a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Master \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;model \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;module \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and a Slave \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;model\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;module\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;
370span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Brevity and conciseness is important for journals due to space allocation for accepted manuscripts. Clarity of thoughts and consistency are also major factors in creating a fluent and effective text.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;The slave \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;system\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;device \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eplaced in the field \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and will\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to measure\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; count \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;humidity, temperature\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;light \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;intensity\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; data, which are then\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; light.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis data will be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; transmitted over \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;air\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Zig\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Bee,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to the master \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;system\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;device\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Upon receipt, the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;master device \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;travels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sends \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;transmitted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;data to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a personal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecomputer (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;PC\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;) for real-time processing.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; where it will be processed in real.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;THE \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;ZIGBEE\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePROTOCOL\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;The ZigBee standard has been \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;created \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;come with with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the ZigBee Alliance\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;they made up \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis a group of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;many member companies, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;including\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;semiconduct\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eindustry\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;software developers\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;se\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;standards \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;designed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inexpensive\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;low cost\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ness\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, low\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The hyphen in between is not necessary. Low is an adjective to the noun power; a compound low-power is oftentimes an adjective. For example, low-power system.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;power\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and low\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;data\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enetworking. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Devices of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ZigBee \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;devices \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;operate in the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;industries\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;industrial\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;science \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;scientific, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emedical (ISM) radio \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;banding\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;bands\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;: 868 MHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Europe, 915 MHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;North America\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and 2.4 GHz \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e[2] The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ZigBee \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;standard operates \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIEEE 802.15.4 physical radio specific\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;specifics \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;specification \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;describe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe physical layer (PHY) protocol functions \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the interactions with the medium access\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrol \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;layer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(MAC) layer.\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"For brevity, we can remove this portion and substitute with a conjunction.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Moreover, it also \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; defines the minimum hardware-level requirements\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;like \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereceiver sensitivity and the transmitter output power. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;odulations\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eused in IEEE 802.15.4 are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;BPSK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;binary\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephase shift keying\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (BPSK)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ASK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;amplitude\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshift keying\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(ASK),\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;O-QPSK (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;offset\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003equadrature phase shift keying\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (O-QPSK)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. [2] \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"One is a singular indefinite pronoun in this case; it should agree with a singular verb.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;One\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; of the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;major\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;benefits \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Zig\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the low cost that allows for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wide \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;deployed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein wireless monitoring and control. ZigBee devices can activate (pass from\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esleep mode to active mode) in a very quick time (15 \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Units are usually abbreviated when reporting numerical information.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;ms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;econds\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; therefore,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;so \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;they can sleep most of the time\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This makes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;making\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit possible to have a long-lasting battery life\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;typically \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lasting for years.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Master\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;/\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;slave is a model \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u002
3706gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunication protocol that involves \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;device or \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;process\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;known \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;as the master) controlling one or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emore devices or processes (\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;known \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;slaves). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However, a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;fter the master/slave association \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;set\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eup, the direction of control \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will always be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is always \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from the master\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to the slaves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eslaves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. In the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;created \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;systems\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;hardware\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecomponent \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;created it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has two parts \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;respecting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;corresponding\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to this model: \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Master \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;model \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;module \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea Slave \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;model\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;module\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;The slave \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;system\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;device \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eplaced in the field \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and will\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to measure\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; count \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;humidity,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etemperature\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;light \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;intensity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; light\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis data \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; transmitted over \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;air\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;using \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Zig\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Bee\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Bee,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe master \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;system\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;device\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. The master device \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;travels \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;passes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;transmitted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;data to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;PC\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; for real-time processing.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; where it will be processed in real.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"電子工学(エレクトロニクス・エンジニアリング)分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"電子工学(エレクトロニクス・エンジニアリング)分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:56.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:09:07.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":718,"titleslug":"electronics-engineering","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":243,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Electronics_Engineering.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Electronics_Engineering_cdf26d45a3","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":321.42,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Electronics_Engineering_cdf26d45a3.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":248,"name":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Electronics_Engineering.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Electronics_Engineering_a54615dc8f","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":344,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Electronics_Engineering_a54615dc8f.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:03.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:03.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"電子工学"},{"id":97,"salevelthree":{"id":832,"name":"Material Science \u0026 Engineering (Others) (材料科学工学)","saleveltwo":40,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-28T13:55:51.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":961,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"アイコン:原子核","caption":"","width":351,"height":350,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_e9bc1a6cb5","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":156,"height":156,"size":9.68,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_e9bc1a6cb5.png"}},"hash":"download_e9bc1a6cb5","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":9.85,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_e9bc1a6cb5.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-28T13:55:49.000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-04T11:27:59.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":45,"salevelone":4,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"材料科学・工学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴには、材料科学・材料工学に関する分野の論文も数多く校正してきた経験があります。材料科学・材料工学および、これらが関連する高度生産システム、再生可能エネルギー、航空学など、幅広い分野の専門知識を有する校正者が、校閲・校正を行います。こちらが、材料科学・材料工学に関する論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Adding surface-active materials such as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enanoparticles is an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;One of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Newborn is an informal word to describe the noun method; there are better formal alternatives, i.e., emerging.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;newborn \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;emerging \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;method\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;create \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;creating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wettability\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealteration\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; is adding certain surface-active\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ematerials, including nanoparticles\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Nanotechnology \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has the potential to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eintroduce revolutionary changes in several areas of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;oil and gas industry, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for example \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;exploration, production, enhanced oil\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecovery, and refining (Shah, 2009). Nanoparticles \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edefined as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; surface\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;active\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eagents\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethey have\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; a very small\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparticle size, which helps them pe
370netrate into the pore volume of porous media,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estick on the core surface, and\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by creating homogeneous water-wet area, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;increase\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface energy more than the surface tension of water\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt; by creating homogeneous water-wet area\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thus\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;With this scheme\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Newborn is an informal word to describe the noun method; there are better formal alternatives, i.e., emerging.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe wettability is altered to water-wet and oil is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pulled\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eout\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;extracted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from the core\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Recently, only a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Only a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;few studies have been \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;carried out\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conducted\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecently, whereas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and still a lot of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;several\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; questions on the influence of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enanoparticles on \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;spontaneous imbibition\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;SI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, wettability alteration, and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;possible improvement of oil recovery \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Note that the use of have been implies a present perfect progressive tense, whereas the use of remained implies a simple past tense. The use of both these tense together is incorrect.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;have been remained \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;remain\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;unanswered. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Clark et al. (1990) found that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhen an aqueous metal was added into the process, the heavy oil viscosity was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efurther reduced. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Cacciola et al. (1993) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reported\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;described \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edemonstrate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;benign\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity, selectivity, and stability for th\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edehydrogenation of cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane. Ali et al. (2004) and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTemple et al. (2005) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was investigated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investigated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the effect of nanoparticles on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elowering the permeability of shale in drilling fields\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;found that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Nanoparticles\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;succeeded in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblocking water inversion and decreasing the strength of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;shale wall. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Reconstructed to maintain consistency in the writing style, for example, Zhang (2010) and Cacciola et al. (1993) are introduced at the beginning of the sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;Zhang (2010)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003easserted that no straining of nanoparticles occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;When \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;pass\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrough porous media\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, there is no straining of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enanoparticles (Zhang, 2010)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, whereas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This sentence (due its content similarity with the preceding sentence) has been moved here to improve flow and transition.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-move-to:move12181515;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-move-author:Author;mso-move-date:20190623T1124\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a style=\"mso-comment-reference:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003er_1;mso-comment-date:20190902T1219\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt;Yu et al. (2010) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;found\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;claimed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;should be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eroughly \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt; orders of magnitude\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esmaller to be able to pass through \u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoIns\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;ins cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-to:yes\"\u0026gt;
370porous media.\u0026lt;/ins\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a style=\"mso-comment-reference:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003er_1;mso-comment-date:20190902T1219\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-move-to:move12181515;mso-move-author:Author;mso-move-date:20190623T1124\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"MsoCommentReference\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:8.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportAnnotations]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a class=\"msocomanchor\" id=\"_anchor_1\" onmouseover=\"msoCommentShow('_anchor_1','_com_1')\" onmouseout=\"msoCommentHide('_com_1')\" href=\"#_msocom_1\" language=\"JavaScript\" name=\"_msoanchor_1\"\u0026gt;[r1]\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-special-character:comment\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Fan et al. (2009) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;studied \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;experimentally \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;experiments\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;using ionic liquids to upgrade heavy oil\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ionic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;liquids could decrease the viscosity, average\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emolecular weight, and asphaltene content of the heavy oil. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Similarly, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Chen et al. (2009) studied the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eviscosity reduction of nanoparticles in the catalytic aqua-thermolysis of heavy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoil. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Clark et al. (1990) revealed further reduction\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the heavy oil viscosity when an aqueous metal was added into the process.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-move-from:move12181515;mso-move-author:Author;mso-move-date:20190623T1124\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a style=\"mso-comment-reference:r_2;mso-comment-date:20190902T1219\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"msoDel\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;del cite=\"mailto:Author\" datetime=\"2019-06-23T11:24\" style=\"mso-move-from:yes\"\u0026gt;Yu et al. (2010) found nanoparticles are roughly 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eorders of magnitude smaller to be able to pass through porous media\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/del\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-move-from:move12181515;mso-move-author:Author;mso-move-date:20190623T1124\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"MsoCommentReference\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:8.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportAnnotations]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a class=\"msocomanchor\" id=\"_anchor_2\" onmouseover=\"msoCommentShow('_anchor_2','_com_2')\" onmouseout=\"msoCommentHide('_c
370om_2')\" href=\"#_msocom_2\" language=\"JavaScript\" name=\"_msoanchor_2\"\u0026gt;[r2]\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-special-character:comment\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Helvetica\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;One of the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Newborn is an informal word to describe the noun method; there are better formal alternatives, i.e., emerging.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;newborn \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;emerging \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;methods \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;create \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;creating \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;wettability alteration is adding certain\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esurface-active materials, including nanoparticles. Nanotechnology has the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epotential to introduce revolutionary changes in several areas of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;oil and gas industry, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for example \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;exploration, production, enhanced oil recovery, and refining\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Shah, 2009). \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;By definition, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Nanoparticles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are defined as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; surface-active agents, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;because \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;they\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehave a very small particle size, which helps them penetrate into the pore\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evolume of porous media, stick on the core surface, and, by creating homogeneous\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewater-wet area, increase surface energy more than the surface tension of water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Thus\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;With this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003escheme \u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\" data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Clauses are normally proceeded by a comma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the wettability is altered to water-wet and oil is pulled\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eout from the core surface. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Recently, only a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Only a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;few studies have been \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;carried out\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conducted\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecently, whereas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and still a lot of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;several\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; questions on the influence of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enanoparticles on SI, wettability alteration, and the possible improvement of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoil recovery \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have been remained \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;remain \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;unanswered. Clark et al. (1990) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;found \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;revealed further\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereduction in the heavy oil viscosity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;when an aqueous metal was added into the process\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, the heavy oil viscosity was further reduced\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCacciola et al. (1993) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reported \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;described \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edemonstrate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;benign\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactivity, selectivity, and stability for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emethylcyclohexane. Ali et al. (2004) and Temple et al. (2005) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was investigated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investigated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe effect of nanoparticles on lowering the permeability of shale in drilling\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efields\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;found that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Nanoparticles\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;succeeded in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblocking water inversion and decreasing the strength of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;shale wall. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Reconstructed to maintain consistency in the writing style, i.e., Zhang (2010), Cacciola et al. (1993), etc. are introduced at the beginning of the sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; Zhang (2010) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003easserted that no straining of nanoparticles occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;When \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;pass\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethrough porous media\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, there is no straining of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enanoparticles (Zhang, 2010)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Fan et al. (2009) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;studied \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;performed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;experimentally \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;experiments\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;using ionic liquids to upgrade heavy oil\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ionic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;liquids could decrease the viscosity, average\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emolecular weight, and asphaltene content of the heavy oil. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Similarly, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Chen et al. (2009) studied the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eviscosity reduction of nanoparticles in the catalytic aqua-thermolysis of heavy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoil. Yu et al. (2010) \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;found \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;claimed that the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nanoparticles \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;should be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;roughly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;2 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;two \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;orders\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof magnitude smaller to be able to pass through \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370porous media.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"材料科学・工学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"材料科学・工学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2020-08-31T20:08:59.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:09:21.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":832,"titleslug":"material-science-engineering","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":224,"name":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Material Science_\u0026_Engineering_(Others).pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Material_Science_and_Engineering_Others_274bb43884","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":266.24,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Material_Science_and_Engineering_Others_274bb43884.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:56.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:56.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":226,"name":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Material Science_\u0026_Engineering_(Others).pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Material_Science_and_Engineering_Others_5b4c46ed92","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":268.59,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Normal_Editing_Sample_Material_Science_and_Engineering_Others_5b4c46ed92.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:57.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:57.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"材料科学工学"}]},{"id":4,"title":"経済学・ビジネス","description":"\u003cp\u003e経済学・経営学・ビジネスの分野において、エナゴでは学術論文はもちろん、財務報告書や学術書籍などの英文校正にも対応しています。 豊富な実績と高い品質で学術界・産業界の皆様から厚い信頼をいただいており、Taylor \u0026amp; Francis、SAGEなど大手学術出版社が発行するジャーナルや刊行物に論文や書籍を発表する研究者・書籍著者の皆様にご利用いただいております。\u003c/p\u003e","card_title":"エナゴの経済学・\u003cbr\u003eビジネス分野の強み","card_description":null,"sa_title":"経済学・ビジネス分野の\u003cbr\u003e英文校正サンプル","card":[{"id":132,"title":"経済学・経営学関連文書の種類","de
370scription":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:var(--primary-color);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17種類以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4262,"name":"Paper Editing.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Paper_Editing_1a5444d331","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":0.92,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Paper_Editing_1a5444d331.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z"}},{"id":133,"title":"英文校正に関わったジャーナル","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:var(--primary-color);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2500誌以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4263,"name":"medicine-journal-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.2,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:34.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:57.000Z"}},{"id":134,"title":"細分化された専門分野の数","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e75以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4264,"name":"subject-area-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"subject_area_assist_734ff88845","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.67,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/subject_area_assist_734ff88845.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z"}}],"card_link":{"id":38,"text":"経済学・ビジネス分野の詳細へ","url":"/subjects/economics-business"},"sa_link":{"id":39,"text":"英文校正サンプルをもっと見る","url":"/samples"},"sa_samples":[{"id":98,"salevelthree":{"id":26,"name":"Behavioral economics (行動経済学)","saleveltwo":7,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:11:09.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":1871,"name":"Business_And_Economics_1_db09f16a34_11f2fe7e5f.webp","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":48,"height":43,"formats":null,"hash":"Business_And_Economics_1_db09f16a34_11f2fe7e5f_c89baed927","ext":".webp","mime":"image/webp","size":0.64,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Business_And_Economics_1_db09f16a34_11f2fe7e5f_c89baed927.webp","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2023-04-19T16:11:05.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:11:05.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":55,"salevelone":1,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"経済学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、経済学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。社会科学の一分野である経済学、関連する歴史学、宗教学、統計学、応用数学、さらにはオペレーションズ・リサーチ(OR)など、多岐にわたる分野の修士号や博士号を持つ校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが経済学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;It is definitely advantageous to\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The advantage is being the first to enter the market. Hence, this information has been moved to an earlier instance, highlighting its importance. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be the first to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenter a market\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; first\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;provided\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;if\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the market is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003easymmetry \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;asymmetrical\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in market\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures structural accuracy in sentences while adding conciseness and retaining the author’s intended meaning.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Largely\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edepending on its resources, a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompany \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;should be able to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; make \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an informed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;expert \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;decision\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;whether\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeing the first to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;entering \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enter \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an emerging market is worth the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sorrow to invest money\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. This decision would largely depend on their resources\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Companies\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A company \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;adopt \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;adopts \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efirst-mover strategy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;constantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;attemp\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ts\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This part has been rearranged to clearly convey that resources are used to create projects.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;make more\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;use its\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt;resources \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to produce more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproducts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;before \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the follower\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;followers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;arrives\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;arrive\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; on scene. However, if \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;follower\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is able to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe ability to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; develop resources \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;better than those of the first mover,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Good flow in sentences is necessary along with clarity in academic editing. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;nothing prevent\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe follower from seizing \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;market share. The durability of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the entering-mover\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epioneer’s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; competitive advantage depends \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eonly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A split infinitive has been introduced here with the use of “not only…but also” to avoid redundancy in the use of “on.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;not only \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;initial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresources \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the pioneer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;but \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe resources \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;develops \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;progressively\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edevelops\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;It is definitely advantageous to \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The advantage is being the first to enter the market. Hence, this information has been moved to an earlier instance, highlighting its importance. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be the first to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;enter a market\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; first\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, provided \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;there\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;asymmetry in market. A company \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;should be able to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emake \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A company may not be “expert” even with information. Hence, this has been revised to “informed.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;informed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;expert \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edecision \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;whether\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeing the first to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;entering \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enter \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;an emerging market is worth the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sorrow to invest money\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis decision \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;would \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;largely \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;depend \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;depends \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;resources.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Companies\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A company \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;adopt \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;adopts \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efirst-mover strategy \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;constantly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;attemp\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ts\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This part has been rearranged to clearly convey that resources are used to create projects.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;make more\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;use its\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold\"\u0026gt;resources \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to produce more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;products\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;before \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the follower\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;followers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;arrives\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;arrive\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; on scene. However, if \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;follower\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis able to develop resources that are better than those of the first mover,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethere is nothing preventing the follower from seizing \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;market share. The durability of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the entering-mover\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epioneer’s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; competitive advantage depends \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A split infinitive has been introduced here with the use of “not only…but also” to avoid redundancy in the use of “on.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;not only \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;initial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresources \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the pioneer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;but \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;also\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; the resources \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it develops\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprogressively.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"経済学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"経済学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:11:03.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":39,"titleslug":"ec
370onomics","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":227,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Economics.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Economics_9c121e6d80","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":157.36,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Economics_9c121e6d80.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:57.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:57.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":164,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Economics.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Economics_cced0320eb","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":158.57,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Economics_cced0320eb.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:40.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:40.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"経済学"},{"id":99,"salevelthree":{"id":9,"name":"Marketing (マーケティング)","saleveltwo":6,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-23T11:53:28.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":786,"name":"marketing_64f7651b01.png","alternativeText":"マーケティング","caption":"","width":175,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_marketing_64f7651b01.png","hash":"thumbnail_marketing_64f7651b01_d8affa2439","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":156,"height":156,"size":4.83,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_marketing_64f7651b01_d8affa2439.png"}},"hash":"marketing_64f7651b01_d8affa2439","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.59,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/marketing_64f7651b01_d8affa2439.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-03-23T11:53:10.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:51:13.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":59,"salevelone":1,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"マーケティング分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、マーケティングに関連する論文も数多く校正してきた経験があります。商品/サービスの販売、プロモーション、さらに製品管理、販売管理、ロジスティクスなどにつき専門知識を有する校正者が、校閲・校正を行います。こちらが、マーケティングに関する論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity. The sentence has been divided into two to introduce clarity and better formal expression.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe most comprehensive description of the general context \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;requires\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, one form or another, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;doctors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;creating\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to create \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;personal brand\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Iordache Iordache \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Lordache \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and Breda (2013\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;). The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;description \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;refers \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;includes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;four contexts: \u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;technological, global, local, and informational.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; In the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Technological \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;technological\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;context\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;access to technology, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by both doctors\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and doctors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, can \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;become\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a competitive advantage\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Emphasizing the correct information is necessary to clearly convey the intended meaning. We have revised this instance to add emphasize the point made by the author.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, sometimes even more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimportant than \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;previous \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;knowledge gained by the doctor. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"“And” should not be used to start a sentence in formal writing as it is used more in spoken English. We have deleted it.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnd\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e, as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;As\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etechnology becomes more widely available, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;doctor \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be differentiated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;through something else to his\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;from his\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eor her\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; colleagues\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to attract\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to services provided by him; -\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. In the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;global\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtext\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"When the dependent clause comes before the independent clause, use a comma to separate the two.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; , \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRomania\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The subject of the sentence should be clearly mentioned for clarity among readers. Here, we have revised “it” to “medical professionals” to clearly mention the subject.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;medical professionals\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have started\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehasbegun to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etalk\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; about\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emedical tourism.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures that the sentence structure is made concise and formal while maintaining the meaning.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370It is known that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The reputations of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; Romanian doctors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reputation went\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;travel\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; far beyond the country\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and patients from \u0026lt;br\u0026gt;other countries may travel to Romania to seek better care. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;-The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; local context\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;encompasses \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;everything\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat happens in the political, social, economic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand financial environment\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;even \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Even \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emedia serves to influence the Romanian health system. Doctors should therefore \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;take into account\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;consider\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethese areas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; these\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;changes to build\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;when\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebuilding\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a better\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;their\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;picture \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;image \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;-I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In the i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nformational \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;background\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;context, the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;development\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Internet \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;internet \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esocial media \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;allow \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;provides \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;potential patients \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;access to information\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; patients today are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einformed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;practically every patient thinks\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehe knows everything \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;about\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using “about” here was highly redundant, which should not be used in academic manuscripts. We have deleted it from all the instances in this part.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;his \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;symptoms, potential \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;illness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emost effective treatments\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;doctors\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;healthcare\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eproviders\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eC\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; consequently\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;onsequently,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;these patients\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;appear \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;come to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;before \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;doctor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith a certain level of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;knowledge and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;expectation.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;The most comprehensive description of the general context \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;requires\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A normal edit ensures that extra information is removed from the text, retaining only the necessary text in order to keep it concise.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, one form or another, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;doctors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;creating\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to create \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a personal brand\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Iordache Iordache \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Lordache \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and Breda (2013\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;refers \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;includes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efour contexts.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; In the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Technological \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;technological \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;context\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;access to technology, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patients and doctors, can \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;become \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompetitive advantage\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; more important\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethan \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;previous \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;knowledge gained by the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edoctor. \u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"“And” should not be used to start a sentence in formal writing as it is used more in spoken English. We have deleted it.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnd\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e, as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;As\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; technology becomes more widely available, the doctor \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edifferentiated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;through something else to his\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;from their\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; colleagues\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto attract patients\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to services provided by him; -\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. In the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;global\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtext\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRomania\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The subject of the sentence should be clearly mentioned for clarity among readers.Here, we have revised “it” to “medical professionals” to clearly mention the subject.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, medical professionals\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it has\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebegun to talk about medical tourism. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370It is known that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The reputations of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; Romanian doctors \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;reputation went\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;travel\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efar beyond the country. The local context encompasses everything that happens\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the political, social, economic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In American English, a comma (called serial or Oxford comma) is inserted before 'and' in a series of three or more items.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efinancial environment; even the media serves to influence the Romanian health\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esystem. Doctors should therefore \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;take into account\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;consider these areas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethese\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;changes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to build a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebetter \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;picture \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;image \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;among patients\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;-I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In the i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;nformational \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;background\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;context, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Internet \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;internet \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and social media allow potential\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatients \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;access to information\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;practically every \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patient\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;today \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370thinks he \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;know\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;everything \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;about\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using “about” here was highly redundant, which should not be used in academic manuscripts. We have deleted it from all the instances in this part.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;his \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;symptoms,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epotential \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;illness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the most effective treatments, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;doctors\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;healthcare providers\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; consequently\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;onsequently,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethese patients \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;appear \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;come to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;before \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;doctor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith a certain level of expectation.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"マーケティング分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"マーケティング分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:11:39.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":9,"titleslug":"marketing","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":221,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Marketing.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Marketing_3bbd36f7e1","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":221.86,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Marketing_3bbd36f7e1.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:53.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:54.000Z"}
370,"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":252,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Marketing.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Marketing_1b949a96af","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":235.16,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Marketing_1b949a96af.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"マーケティング"},{"id":100,"salevelthree":{"id":7,"name":"Management (経営学)","saleveltwo":6,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-15T07:51:07.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":787,"name":"management_fb1d304464.png","alternativeText":"マネジメント","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_management_fb1d304464.png","hash":"thumbnail_management_fb1d304464_64061756fa","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":6.49,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_management_fb1d304464_64061756fa.png"}},"hash":"management_fb1d304464_64061756fa","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.28,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/management_fb1d304464_64061756fa.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-03-23T11:57:24.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:49:51.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":58,"salevelone":1,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"経営学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、経営学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。組織行動学、運営および情報管理、ミクロ経済などの専門分野に関する修士号や博士号を持つ校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが経営学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Extensive sentence restructuring has been performed here to ensure coherence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;The r\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;R\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;etail sector \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is rapidly transforming and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that is sure to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprojected to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;show \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;display its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;highest growth in the coming five\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyear\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Thus,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The sector is rapidly transforming , with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;cur\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;r\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ent players and new\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;entrants \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;prepare \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are preparing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to explore market\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the upcoming m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;omentous \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;market growth\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat will result from \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Growth are expected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the organized retail sector; due to the rapid \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;incr\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ea\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ae\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsumer demand and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;availability of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereal estate.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A minus sign (-) instead of a hyphen (-) can should be used to indicate negative values.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;Moreover thanks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Owing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;reach of media\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the abundance of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;high\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisposable income\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;availability of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;variety\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof brands and services, consumer\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebecome \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;more \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;more\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eambitious and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;aware and are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;only\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;seeking only\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;seek\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the best.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; Thus\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;As a result \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;, both brands and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;retailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;needto \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;expand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;grow and evolve \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;further\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein order \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to provide the right combination\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof price, product differentiation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;experience\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and service to consumers.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;There are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;approximately \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;200\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;new\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emalls, 1400\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;supermarkets\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026amp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;400 department store\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; currently under construction\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in India\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Many retailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are approaching with a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emade\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; huge investments\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026nbsp;Most\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; forecast\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;say \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;state \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sector\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;shaltouch to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;will\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereach\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; US\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;$\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 500\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;700 billion by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyear of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;2012\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Over next few years\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia will witness many \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;retale \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;retail \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;busines\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;es\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gaining\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reach\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecritical mass \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;as growth in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with their growth in the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; industry\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; expedite\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370, driven by the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;major aspects such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;availability of quality real\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eestate\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, improved \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;mall-management\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epractices\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and consumer\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;preference \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;bias \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for shopping \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;new environments. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Future\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConcerns\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A minus sign (-) instead of a hyphen (-) can should be used to indicate negative values.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;No difference\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eamong the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;all\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; homogeneity.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can be possibly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; countered \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elooking at\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; specialization\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;Little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Small \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;inventory turn\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estock availability \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;measures which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;make it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimportant for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;retailers to enhance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;operati\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ns\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;No integration and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecoordination of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;operations of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;retailer\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and supplier\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoperations\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEfficient \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inventory \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;practices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Text has been edited for conciseness\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;followed on the auto and auto-component\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;used by the auto\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; industr\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecould be \u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ies can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimplemented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;leveraged\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370 for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eefficient supply-chain management\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Lack of supplier\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresponsibility\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in terms of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eschedules and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;delivering the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;accurate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003equantit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y delivery.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y ordered;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;ales tax laws\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eretailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;face \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;state\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;level procurement and storage \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;taxes, which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lead\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; them\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;retailers having\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;maintain\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher inventory. VAT has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;brought slight ease;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;eased this a bit.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Major gaps in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;areas of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;supply chain and customer relations\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;adopted by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;merchandising,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efacilities management\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026amp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; vendor development\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. P\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: p\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;roactive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etraining is essential for addressing these \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370developmental \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;area\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;Retail \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;retail \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;sector \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sure \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;projected \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to show \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;its\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;highest growth in the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;coming \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;next \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;five year\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe sector is rapidly transforming\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe cur\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;r\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ent players and new\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;entrants \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;prepare \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;preparing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexplore \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;market. Momentous \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;g\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;G\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;rowth \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;expected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein the organized retail sector\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;due \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;owing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe rapid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;incraesing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;increasing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; consumer demand and availability of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereal estate.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;Moreover thanks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Owing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; increase\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;reach of media\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the abundance of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;high\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisposable income\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;availability of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;variety\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof brands and services, consumer\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebecome more aware and are seeking only \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the best.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;As a result\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eboth brands and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;retailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;needto \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;expand\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efurther in order to provide the right combination\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof price, product differentiation, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;experience\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and service to consumers.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;There are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;approximately \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;200\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;new\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emalls, 1400\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;supermarkets\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026amp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;400 department store\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; currently under construction\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; in India\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Many retailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are approaching with a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emade\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; huge investments\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026nbsp;Most\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; forecast\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;say \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;state \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sector\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;shaltouch to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;will\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereach\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; US\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;$\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; 500\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The en dash is the correct punctuation to use with a range (“US$ 500–700 billion”).\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;700 billion by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyear of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;2012\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Over next few years\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia will witness many \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;retale \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;retail \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;busines\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;es\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egaining critical mass as growth in the industry\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpedite\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, driven by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;major\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003easpects such as availability of quality real estate\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimproved \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;mall-management practices\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and consumer\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;preference \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;bias\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for shopping \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;new environments. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Future\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConcerns\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"text-decoration:none\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo difference among the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;all\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; homogeneity.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis can be possibly countered by looking at specialization\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;Little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;Small \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;inventory turn\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estock availability \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;measures which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;make it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimportant for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;retailers to enhance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir operati\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ns\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Copy editing ensures that all the punctuation errors are accurately corrected in a document, while correcting grammatical and stylistic errors.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;No integration and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecoordination \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;operations of retailers and suppliers\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEfficient \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inventory \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;practices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Text has been edited for conciseness.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;followed on the auto and auto-component\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;used by the auto\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; industr\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimplemented for efficient supply-chain management\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Igno
370re\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Lack of supplier\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresponsibility\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; in terms of delivery\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eschedules and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;delivering the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;accurate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003equantit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y delivery.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y ordered;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:blue\"\u0026gt;S\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;ales tax laws\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eretailers \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;face \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;state\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;level procurement and storage \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;taxes, which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lead\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; them\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;retailers having\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;maintain\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehigher inventory. VAT has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;brought slight ease;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;eased this a bit.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[if !supportLists]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-list:Ignore\"\u0026gt;§\u0026lt;span style=\"font:7.0pt \"Times New Roman\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;!--[endif]--\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"\"\u0026gt;Major gaps in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;areas of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;supply chain and customer relations\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;adopted by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;merchandising,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efacilities management\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026amp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; vendor development\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. P\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: p\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;roactive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etraining is essential for addressing these \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eother \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370developmental \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;area\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"経営学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"経営学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:11:29.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":7,"titleslug":"management","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":259,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Management.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Management_163e89cf53","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":434.34,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Management_163e89cf53.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:07.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:07.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":258,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Management.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Management_d5abb0d519","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":435.06,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Management_d5abb0d519.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:06.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:06.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"マネージメント"},{"id":101,"salevelthree":{"id":994,"name":"Law (Others) (法律)","saleveltwo":48,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:12:30.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":1872,"name":"law_7ade57cae1_701b49fb75_68a423e151.webp","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":48,"height":48,"formats":null,"hash":"law_7ade57cae1_701b49fb75_68a423e151_19d1f7c4c1","ext":".webp","mime":"image/webp","size":0.9,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/law_7ade57cae1_701b49fb75_68a423e151_19d1f7c4c1.webp","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2023-04-19T16:12:25.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:12:25.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":57,"salevelone":1,"saleveltwo":48,"title":"法学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、法学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。刑法、企業法、国際法などを含む法学全般に関する専門知識を有する校正者が、校閲・校正を行います。こちらが法学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In Brazil, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;procedure\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;patent application \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in Brazil \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is initiated by filing an application\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eform with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the National Institute of Industrial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProperty (Portugese abbreviation: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;INPI\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in which\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involving\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe submission of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; at least an application form, draft of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edescriptions, scope of claims, abstract\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand proof of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the application fee \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;payment\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of the application fee must be submitted\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures that the sentence structure is made concise and formal while maintaining the author’s meaning. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Failure to fulfill these requirements will cause\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;If these requirements are not fulfilled,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; INPI \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370issue\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotification by an examiner in relation to formality\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the applicant must\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erespond \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;within 30 days.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;If the applicant fails to respond to the notification,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Failure to respond to the notification leads to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe application \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;being\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; deemed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;invalid\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Grammatical accuracy in verb and noun usage should be accurate in academic writing. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;withdraw\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;al.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;According to the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Brazilian \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;IP\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCode\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in Brazil\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, a filed patent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplication \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; publicized in the publication of unexamined\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatent applications after 18 months from the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;date of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;application\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; date\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with a consideration of a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;considering the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; high volume of the backlog\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This instance has been revised to clearly convey that “backlog” refers to patent applications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of patent applications \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eretained \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eINPI, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a filed patent application is typically\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epublicized after\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;this typically takes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapproximately \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;two to three\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In a range, the en-dash is used in place of a hyphen. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; 3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; years\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; from the date\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof application\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370. During the period from the date of the publication\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof unexamined patent applications until the end of examination, any third part\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe applicant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The information in the bracket has been moved outside as it is important to the text.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(for the purpose of assisting the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexamination) are allowed to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esubmit their opinions\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; for assisting the examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;An applicant \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is required to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; file a request for examination of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplication within 36 months from the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;date of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;application\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; date\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Failure to file\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea request for examination within 36 months will be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; otherwise, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;deemed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewithdrawal of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the application\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; will be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewithdrawn\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. However, an applicant \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eallowed to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; recover the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewithdrawn application by paying a predetermined fee within 60 days \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;withdrawal \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;date\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewithdrawal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Even so, i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;f\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;applicant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;still \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;fails to comply with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as well\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, the application will be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econfirmed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;withdrawn.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Further, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Formal writing should be free of redundancy and repetition. The focus of the document is on Brazilian IP Code and hence it is implied that all the conditions mentioned are of Brazil. This information has been deleted to eliminate redundancy. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;According to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe IP Code in Brazil, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ean applicant \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;given an opportunity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;allowed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto submit amendments to the draft of descriptions and scope of claims\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The purpose of an action should be mentioned clearly. Hence, the purpose of enabling clarification has been mentioned as a separate sentence. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; by the time \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;when the applicant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;he/she\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; files a request for examination\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in order to clarify or define the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This enables clarification or refining of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; contents\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;filed application. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Nevertheless\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eany amendment should be restricted to the amendment of the contents first\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisclosed at the time of filing an application. After a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; request\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; has been filed, any amendment\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;—\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeither\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eby an applicant’s spontaneous decision or by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an examiner’s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;notification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; by an examiner, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;—\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;un\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;acceptable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eif the amendment could change or expand the claimed scope of protection. In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethis sense, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the only amendment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;only amendments\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; limiting \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370claimed subject matter \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may possibly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe accepted.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;During the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;examination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;period\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of examiation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, two types of official\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotifications\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; will be issued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, i.e.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; notification by an examiner and non-final\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotification of reasons for refusal\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; will be issued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe applicant \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is required to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; respond to these notifications within 90\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edays from the date of publication of unexamined patent applications.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;To put it simply\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In simple terms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexaminer’s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;notification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by an examiner are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;generally \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;composed of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;comprises\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eformal\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; requirements such as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eviolation of requirements of clarity or a violation of support requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity. The sentence has been divided into two to introduce clarity and better formal expression. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In a case of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;If there\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a non-final notification of reasons for refusal, an application\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emay be rejected\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. This\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; typically \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;due to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;if\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a violation of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erequirements of patentability such as\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;lack of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enovel\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;y and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inventive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estep\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;invention are violated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;8\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo limit is stipulated in the number of issuable official notifications. INPI\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eannounces its decision to grant or refuse a patent in the publication of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunexamined patent applications\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;thus \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;thereby \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ending\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;examination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;process\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In Brazil, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;procedure\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;patent application \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in Brazil \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;is initiated by filing an application\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eform with \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the National Institute of Industrial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProperty (Portugese abbreviation: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;INPI\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein which at least an application form, draft of descriptions, scope of claims,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabstract\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and proof of payment of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplication fee must be submitted. Failure to fulfill these requirements will\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecause INPI to issue a notification by an examiner in relation to formality\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, to which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" A semicolon is stronger than a comma but weaker than a period. When two independent sentences are closely connected in meaning and no coordinating conjunction is present, a semicolon can be used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplicant must respond \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;within 30\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edays. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;If the applicant fails to respond to the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotification,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Failure to respond to the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotification leads to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the application \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;will\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;being\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; deemed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;invalid and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Grammatical accuracy in verb and noun usage should be accurate in academic writing. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;withdraw\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;al.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;According to the IP Code in Brazil, a filed patent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplication \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; publicized in the publication of unexamined\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatent applications after 18 months from the date of application. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with a consideration of a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;considering the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; high volume of the backlog \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This instance has been revised to clearly convey that “backlog” refers to patent applications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of patent applications \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;retained \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eINPI, a filed patent application is typically publicized after approximately \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;two to three\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2–3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eyears\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; from the date of application\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring the period from the date of the publication of unexamined patent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplications until the end of examination, any third part\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe applicant \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The information in the bracket has been moved outside as it is important to the text.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(for the purpose of assisting the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexamination) are allowed to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esubmit their opinions\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; for assisting the examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;An applicant is required to file a request for examination of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe application within 36 months from the date of application. Failure to file\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea request for examination within 36 months will be deemed withdrawal of the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplication. However, an applicant \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is allowed to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; recover the withdrawn application by paying a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epredetermined fee within 60 days \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;withdrawal \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;date\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of the withdrawal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Even so, i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;f\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;applicant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;still \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;fails to comply with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as well\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, the application will be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econfirmed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;withdrawn.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Further, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Formal writing should be free of redundancy and repetition. The focus of the document is on Brazilian IP Code and hence it is implied that all the conditions mentioned are of Brazil. This information has been deleted to eliminate redundancy. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;According to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe IP Code in Brazil, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;an applicant \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;given an opportunity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;allowed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto submit amendments to the draft of descriptions and scope of claims by the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etime \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;when the applicant\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;he/she\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; files a request for examination, in order\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto clarify or define the contents of filed application. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Nevertheless\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eany amendment should be restricted to the amendment of the contents first\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisclosed at the time of filing an application. After a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; request\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor examination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; has been filed, any amendment\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Along with language and grammar accuracy, a normal edit ensures enhance usage of punctuation such as em-dashes to replace the conventional commas.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;—\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeither\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eby an applicant’s spontaneous decision or by \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an examiner’s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;notification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; by an examiner, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;—\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;un\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;acceptable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eif the amendment could change or expand the claimed scope of protection. In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethis sense, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the only amendment\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;only amendments\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; limiting \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370claimed subject matter \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may possibly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;may\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe accepted.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;During the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;examination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;period\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of examiation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, two types of official\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotifications\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; will be issued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, i.e.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; notification by an examiner and non-final\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enotification of reasons for refusal\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; will be issued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe applicant \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is required to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; respond to these notifications within 90\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edays from the date of publication of unexamined patent applications.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:6.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:.5;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;To put it simply\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In simple terms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexaminer’s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;notification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by an examiner are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;generally \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;composed of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;comprises\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eformal\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; requirements such as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eviolation of requirements of clarity or a violation of support requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity. The sentence has been divided into two to introduce clarity and better formal expression. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea case of a non-final notification of reasons for refusal, an application may\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe rejected\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. This\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; typically \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;due to a violation of the requirements of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epatentability such as\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;lack of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enovel\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;y and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;inventive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estep\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;invention\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo limit is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estipulated in the number of issuable official notifications. INPI announces its\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edecision to grant or refuse a patent in the publication of unexamined patent\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapplications\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;thus \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;thereby \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ending the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;examination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;process\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexamination\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"法学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"法学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:11:57.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":58,"titleslug":"law","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":208,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Law.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Law_3a996084ee","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":186.96,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Law_3a996084ee.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":207,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Law.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Law_35ff7fca51","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":184.72,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Law_35ff7fca51.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"法律"},{"id":102,"salevelthree":{"id":76,"name":"Game Theory (ゲーム理論)","saleveltwo":7,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-23T12:12:40.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":789,"name":"game_theory_58e8ec4662.png","alternativeText":"アイコン:チェスのコマ(馬)","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_game_theory_58e8ec4662.png","hash":"thumbnail_game_theory_58e8ec4662_a3f2e18556","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":5.32,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_game_theory_58e8ec4662_a3f2e18556.png"}},"hash":"game_theory_58e8ec4662_a3f2e18556","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.67,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/game_theory_58e8ec4662_a3f2e18556.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-03-23T12:12:36.000Z","updated_at":"2023-10-18T05:17:13.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":56,"salevelone":1,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"ゲーム理論分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴには、ゲーム理論に関する論文も数多く校正してきた経験があります。数理モデルを活用して研究するゲーム理論から、生物学、数学、経済学など関連する幅広い分野の専門知識を有する校正者が、校閲・校正を行います。こちらが、ゲーム理論に関する論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Introduction\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Game theory has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;excisted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;existed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emillennia\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using 'and has' here makes the two verb phrases equivalent.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and has\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; been\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;applied to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;many \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;several \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;forms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;situations\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ranging from\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexample,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; historical events \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;such as Spains’ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Spain’s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rebellion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;against \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Rome in 75 BCE \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;[\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;McCain\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;2010\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;]), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;biological models \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;such\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas natural selection\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, market\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenvironments (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;oligopoly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;oligopolies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, politics (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;election\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebidding), and computer science\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This phrase is not needed, it is more conversational.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to name few\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis field of applied mathematic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecaptures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;behaviour \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We have followed American English spellings throughout the document.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;behavior \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein strategic situations (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;called \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;games\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;), wherein the success (payoff) of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe choice made by an individual \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;player\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;) is dependent on the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choiceesmade \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;choices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emade \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by others\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;players) (Myerson, 1991)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;The three main mathematical models\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof games are the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;extensive\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;coalition \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures that the sentence structure is made concise and formal while maintaining the author’s meaning.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The bases of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edifference in one of these models is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediffer in terms of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the amount of detail provided\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e.g., \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the players, their preferences, their\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einformation, the strategic actions available to them\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand how these influence the outcome\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;?\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In this\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epaper\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Herein\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, we describe the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form and study \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the underlying \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;phenomena\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; business management\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; case\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of management\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;—\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;labor negotiation at\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; an\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; automobile factory.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; The \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, also called the normal of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea game\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has much little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;comprises fewer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;details \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;compared \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;compared with\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;extensive\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, in which\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;For \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;extensive\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;position\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-sty
370le:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;positions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;move\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;moves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe game are closely followed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; and the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erules define the probable outcomes in planned or random moves \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as applies to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;gambling\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;By\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrast\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Conversely\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, in the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form, the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;players \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;players’ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choice\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;choices\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ei\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;., a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;selected\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from a set of possible strategies\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; determines the outcome, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;iee.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;payoff\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;All players\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echoose a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategy\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;once\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;after\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the choices are \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;revealed, the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egame\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; ends with each player \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;getting \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;receiving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;some \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;payoff\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; Each player’s payoff is influenced \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by each\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;player’s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;players’ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choice\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;choices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Payoffs can be quiet complex \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;entity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;entities\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. For \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;our \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;model,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewe represent payoffs by numerical values. Hence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewe assume that the numerical payoffs depen
370d on \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;choices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof all the players.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Sentences should not begin with numerals. In academic writing, spell out the number when it begins a sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Three \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eobjects define the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form of a game\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 1\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the set of players\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;N\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;={1,2,…,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;}, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;}; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ii \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the sequence of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; players’ strategy sets\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;X\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;,…,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;X\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and 3\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sequence\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof player’s pay\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; -\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;off functions\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;,…,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;),…, \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSymbol\"\u0026gt;×\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;×\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;×\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Introduction\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Game theory has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;excisted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;existed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emillennia\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using 'and has' here makes the two verb phrases equivalent.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and has\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;been\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;applied to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;many\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;forms\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;situations\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ranging\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efrom historical events \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Spains’ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Spain’s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;rebellion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;against \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Rome\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein 75 BCE \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;[\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;McCain\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;2010\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;]), \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;biological models \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;such\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas natural selection\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, market\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenvironments (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;oligopoly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;oligopolies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, politics (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;election\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebidding), and computer science\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This phrase is not needed, it is more conversational. It is always best to use formal style of writing for academic manuscripts.'\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to name few\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis field of applied mathematic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecaptures \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;behaviour \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;behavior \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in strategic situations (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;called \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;games\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;), wherein the success (payoff) of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe choice made by an individual \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;player\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;) is dependent on the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choiceesmade \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;choices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emade \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by others\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;players) (Myerson, 1991)\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;The three main mathematical models\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof games are the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;extensive \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;form, the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;
370form, and the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;coalition \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;form. The bases of difference\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethese models \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the amount of detail provided: the players,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir preferences, their information, the strategic actions available to them\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and how these influence the outcome\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;?\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;In this paper, we describe the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form and study its phenomena\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein a case of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;business \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;management\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;—\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;labor\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enegotiation at \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;automobile factory.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form, also called the normal \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;game\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; has \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;much little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;fewer \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;details\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompared with the extensive form. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;For \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;extensive form, the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;position\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;positions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;move\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;moves\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe game are closely followed, and the rules define the probable outcomes in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eplanned or random moves \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(gambling\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;). By\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrast, in the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form, the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;players \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;players’ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;choice,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ei\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;., a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;selected\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from a set of possible strategies\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; determines the outcome, i\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;e., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;payoff\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;All players\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echoose a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;strategy\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;once\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;after\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the choices are \u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;revealed, the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egame\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; ends with each player getting some \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;payoff\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hps\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; Each player’s payoff is influenced \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;by each\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;player’s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;players’ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choice\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;choices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Payoffs can be quiet complex\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This should be plural to match the subject 'playoffs.'\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;entity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;entities\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e. For \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;our \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;model,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewe represent payoffs by numerical values. Hence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewe assume that the numerical payoffs depen
370d on \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;choices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof all the players.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Sentences should not begin with numerals. In academic writing, spell out the number when it begins a sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Three \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;objects define the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;strategic\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; form of a game\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; 1\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the set of players\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;N\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;={1,2,…,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;}, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;}; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ii \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the sequence of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; players’ strategy sets\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;X\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;,…,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;X\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and 3\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;sequence\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof player’s pay\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; -\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;off functions\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;,…,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;),…, \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;span style=\"font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\";mso-hansi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";mso-char-type:symbol;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSymbol\"\u0026gt;×\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;×\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\"\u0026gt;×\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;sub\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/sub\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"ゲーム理論分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"ゲーム理論分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:12:12.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":76,"titleslug":"game-theory","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":211,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Game_Theory.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Game_Theory_f22f6e1c9f","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":197.19,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Game_Theory_f22f6e1c9f.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:51.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:51.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":230,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Game_Theory.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Game_Theory_19eeece8f6","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":275.92,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Game_Theory_19eeece8f6.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:59.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:59.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"ゲーム理論"},{"id":103,"salevelthree":{"id":30,"name":"Corporate Finance (企業金融)","saleveltwo":7,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-03-23T12:15:08.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":790,"name":"corporate_finance_9b86d95a56.png","alternativeText":"企業金融","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_corporate_finance_9b86d95a56.png","hash":"thumbnail_corporate_finance_9b86d95a56_40ccc86839","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":8.62,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_corporate_finance_9b86d95a56_40ccc86839.png"}},"hash":"corporate_finance_9b86d95a56_40ccc86839","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.75,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/corporate_finance_9b86d95a56_40ccc86839.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-03-23T12:15:04.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:50:12.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":54,"salevelone":1,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"企業金融分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴには、企業金融に関する研究の論文も数多く校正してきた経験があります。企業の資本調達、金融市場における動きも加味した研究を行う企業金融、個人財源、公共財政など、各種分野の専門知識を有する校正者が、校閲・校正を行います。こちらが、企業金融に関する論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In academic writing, it is important that the objective is mentioned after the supporting information/background of the study. Hence, this part has been moved to a later instance.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecurrent study wehave single stock whose price observe a switching geometric\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrownian motion. Also, the stockpay no dividends. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A research paper should not contain any extra/unnecessary information as it does not significantly contribute to the presentation of an author’s idea. Hence, this information has been deleted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; Given the current price of a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estock the sold axiom consists of target price and a stoploss limit. A ‘sell’\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edecision is made when the price reach either the target price or the set\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estop-loss limit. \u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;The main purpose is to benefit investors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;During\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir financial careers, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;One \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investors \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;often pick up \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;bad \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;weak \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stock\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eor \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;purchase \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;made is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;at\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe wrong time\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in reality\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;So, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In both the cases,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;often wise and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;necessary\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sel \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such a stock \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esoon as possible to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;stop \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;curtail \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;loss\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn practice, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;target price\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;typical\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;around a gain of 15\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"No spaces are added before and after an en dash in a range.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;% and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stop\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;loss limit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;generally vary from 5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;20\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"These two sentences have been merged as the second sentence provided supp
370orting information for the first sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;It is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; it is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot a good idea to adopt uniform \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;rules for booking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;profit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s and losses\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; taking.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; because\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Each \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stock \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;different, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s own character\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stics\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that call for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Moreocer, it should be treated differently with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;different\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eliquidation rule\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"text-decoration:none\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures that the text of a manuscript is structurally accurate and every information is placed at the correct instance. Hence, this part has been moved to a later instance.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In this study, we consider set of targetprices and stop-loss\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimits and choose a target price and stop-loss Limit in that set to enhance an expected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereward function . We aim, at deriving this price limits… In addition, we get\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe expected target period and the probability of making and losing \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;money.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn practice, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; frequent\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;used critera for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;measur\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;portfolio \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;performance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of portfolio i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;percentage return \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pr \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over a given time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;unit time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;such \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecriterion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has lead to many transactions because of it\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;encourages \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;taking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;small\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprofit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-taking\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;short \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370brief \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;holding \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;time \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;period (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;τ0\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;and increases\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransaction costs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Emphasizing the correct information is necessary to clearly convey the intended meaning. We have revised this instance to clearly mention why the criterion is unsuitable for retail investors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; For those reasons and others\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, it may be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Clearly, such a criterion is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;un\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;suitable\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;retail\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvestor\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s, especially those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;because \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;who\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cannot\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;limited time available for\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; constantly monitor their portfolios\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; trading and Additional transaction costs\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Transitional phrases that are necessary to denote the shift in the tone of sentences should be mentioned in the beginning of sentences to ensure clarity among readers. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In contrast, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;discount factor\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtrast\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; r\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;educes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ules out\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;very \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;frequen\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cy and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecost of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; trans\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ctions\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;because \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it replaces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as a determinant of holding period\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;factor is replaced by discount rate\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. Th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;iscounted-reward\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efunction is\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; natural in many financial problems\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; commonly applied to many financial problems.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This study examines a no-dividend stock with prices that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexhibit regime-switching geometric Brownian motion. We consider sets of stop-loss\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimits and target prices and determine those that promise to enhance an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpected reward function. We aim to derive these limits as well as an expected holding\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperiod and probabilities of making and losing money.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecurrent\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; study \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wehave \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;examines a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eno-dividend \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;single \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stock whose\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprice\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;observe\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;exhibiting\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;regime-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;switching geometric Brownian motion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This phrase was highly redundant, which should not be used in academic manuscripts. We have deleted it from all the instances in this part.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Also, the stockpay no dividends. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven the current\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprice of a stock\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sold \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;selling \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;axiom\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;consists of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;comprises\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; target price and a stop\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;loss\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimit. A \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;‘\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;sell\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;”\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; decision\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis made when the price reach\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; either\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe target price or the set stop-loss limit. \u0026lt;span class=\"longtext\"\u0026gt;The main\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epurpose is to benefit investors\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;During\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir financial careers, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;One \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;investors \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;often pick up \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;bad \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;weak \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stock\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eor the purchase \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;made \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;at the wrong time\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereality\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;So, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Therefore, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it is necessary to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;sel \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;such a stock \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esoon as possible to stop loss\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;es\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epractice, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;target price\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;typical\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;around a gain of 15\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;% and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;stop\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;loss limit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;generally vary from 5\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;20\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;%\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"These two sentences have been merged as the second sentence provided supp
370orting information for the first sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;It is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; it is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot a good idea to adopt uniform \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;rules for booking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;profit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s and losses\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; taking.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; because\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Each \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;each \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stock \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;different, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s own character\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stics\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that call for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. Moreocer, it should be treated differently with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;different\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eliquidation rule\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"text-decoration:none\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent:.5in;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In this study, w\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;W\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsider set\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of target\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;prices and stop-loss limits and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;choose \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;determine those\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a target price and stop-loss Limit in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;set \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370promise \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenhance an expected reward function\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. We\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaim\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; at deriving th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ese\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; price\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elimits\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;…\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;In addition, we \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;get \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;determine \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;expected\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etarget period and the probability of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;making \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;gaining \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and losing\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;money.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn practice, a frequent\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; used criter\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ion\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; for measuring\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe performance of portfolio\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; is the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epercentage return \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;pr \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over a given time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;unit\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etime\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;However\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; such a criterion \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has lead to many transactions because of it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;encourages\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;taking \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;small profit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-taking\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;short holding \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;time \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;period (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;τ0\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Clearly\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; such a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecriterion is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;un\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;suitable \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;retail investor\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eespecially those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;because \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;who\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cannot\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;limited time available\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; constantly monitor their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;trading and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Additional \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;additional\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;transaction costs. \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Transitional phrases that are necessary to denote the shift in the tone of sentences should be mentioned in the beginning of sentences to ensure clarity among readers. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;In contrast, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;discount\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efactor\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, in contrast\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; r\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;educes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ules out\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;very \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;frequen\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;cy of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etrans\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ctions\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;
370span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Voice places emphasis either on the doer of the action or the receiver of the action. Depending on what is crucial information, the active or passive voice can be used.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it replaces \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as a determinant of holding period\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;factor is replaced by discount rate\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e. Th\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;iscounted-reward\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efunction is\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;common \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;natural \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in many financial problems\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"企業金融分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"企業金融分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:12:23.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":30,"titleslug":"corporate-finance","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":209,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_CorporateFinance.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Corporate_Finance_5084646546","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":186,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Corporate_Finance_5084646546.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:49.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":198,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_CorporateFinance.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Corporate_Finance_78249e4c0b","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":170.66,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Corporate_Finance_78249e4c0b.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:45.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:45.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"企業金融"}]},{"id":5,"title":"人文・社会学","description":"\u003cp\u003e人文科学分野の学術論文や書籍の英文校正における豊富な実績と高い品質で学術界・産業界の皆様から厚い信頼をいただいており、Human Ecology JournalをはじめTaylor \u0026amp; Francis、SAGEなど大手学術出版社のジャーナルや刊行物に
370論文や学術書を発表・出版する研究者・書籍著者の皆様にご利用いただいております。\u003c/p\u003e","card_title":"エナゴの\u003cbr\u003e人文科学分野の強み","card_description":null,"sa_title":"人文科学・社会学分野の\u003cbr\u003e英文校正サンプル","card":[{"id":135,"title":"人文科学関連文書の種類","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30種類以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4262,"name":"Paper Editing.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Paper_Editing_1a5444d331","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":0.92,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Paper_Editing_1a5444d331.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:18.000Z"}},{"id":136,"title":"英文校正に関わったジャーナル","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8500誌以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4263,"name":"medicine-journal-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.2,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Medicine_journals_Asset_9_2_478125e5a1.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:34.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:43:57.000Z"}},{"id":137,"title":"細分化された専門分野の数","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e350以上\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","link":null,"btn_text":null,"btn_link":null,"image":{"id":4264,"name":"subject-area-assist.svg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":56,"height":56,"formats":null,"hash":"subject_area_assist_734ff88845","ext":".svg","mime":"image/svg+xml","size":6.67,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/subject_area_assist_734ff88845.svg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-03T04:44:32.000Z"}}],"card_link":{"id":40,"text":"人文科学・社会学分野の詳細へ","url":"/subjects/arts-humanities-social-sciences"},"sa_link":{"id":41,"text":"英文校正サンプルをもっと見る","url":"/samples"},"sa_samples":[{"id":104,"salevelthree":{"id":1090,"name":"Sociology (社会学)","saleveltwo":54,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T10:42:17.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":942,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"エナゴの社会学の校正サンプル","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_1e53caddfc","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":157,"height":156,"size":7.11,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_1e53caddfc.png"}},"hash":"download_1e53caddfc","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.18,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_1e53caddfc.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T10:42:14.000Z","updated_at":"2024-04-15T12:54:51.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":65,"salevelone":5,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"社会学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、社会学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。社会的な関係や相互作用などを研究する社会学および、人類学、政治学、心理学などの関連分野の修士号や博士号を持つ校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが社会学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.5pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Building \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;up \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEsping-Andersen’s approach of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conceptualizing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;welfare\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estates according to the\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ir\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; level of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;labor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commodification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof labour\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, the French state \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fits in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;embodies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Conservative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;conservative \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;approach to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esocial policy and welfare. The aim of the French social protection system is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eincome maintenance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Citations are conventionally positioned just before punctuation (commas, periods, semicolons, colons or question marks), regardless of what is being referenced.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePalier 2000: 116\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;rather than the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. It\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis more than \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;simple poverty alleviation \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;found in the Anglo-Saxon system or universalistic distribution\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; which is representative \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNorthern Social-Democratic system\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; (Palier 2000: 116)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Since the entitlement depends on the contribution\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehistory paid by workers, most benefits are earnings-related.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.5pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This sentence marked a slight shift in theme from a general overview to a more detailed description of the system.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrench welfare state\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We added a qualifier based on the transformations..\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;is largely \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebased on a set of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;non-state\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;private\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eagencies. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This was repositioned because the Sécurité Sociale is described as the compulsory form.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis both a compulsory scheme to which everyone must be affiliated as well as a supplementary scheme (\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;couverture complémentaire\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; or \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;mutuelle\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;) that covers costs that are not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereimbursed by the general plan. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Sécurité Sociale\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; (Social Protection) is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a compulsory health insurance policy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;divided into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Please note that we have amended these based on our own research. Unemployment is not one of the four main branches. Please see: https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/services-aux-citoyens/preparer-son-retour-en-france/assurance-maladie/article/la-securite-sociale\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efour main sectors\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: 1) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;healthcare and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;work\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccidents\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;/diseases\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; 2) health/illness/injury\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(including occupational injuries and diseases); 3) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;old age and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eretirement\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunemployment insurance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;4) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;family\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(CNAV 2010). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;There is a compulsory scheme anyone must\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe affiliated to and a complementary one (\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;mutuelle\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This was moved from the first paragraph because it is closely related to this section.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;M\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;ost benefits are earnings-related, and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe amount of the entitlement depends on the workers’ contribution history. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We began a new paragraph here because there is a shift in the theme from the main sectors and the earnings related benefits to the means-tested, non-contributory government scheme.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:13.5pt;line-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;But The\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:13.5pt;line-height:200%;color:blue\"\u0026gt;Howev\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:13.5pt;line-height:200%;color:blue\"\u0026gt;er, the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:13.5pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;previously \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Bismar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;kian\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enature of the French welfare state has been transformed into a state-run one by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esome structural changes. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This reform relies mainly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eon\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A prominent element of these reforms\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis the \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In fact, the Revenu Minimum d’Insértion system ceased around 2009. It has been replaced by Revenu de solidarité active.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRevenu de solidarité active\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;8\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;(RSA;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eActive Solidarity Income)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;re-insertion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolicy (\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Revenu Minimum d’Insértion\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;),\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;non-contributory means-tested scheme\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. It\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eguarantees a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;minimum income for unemployed and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunderemployed workers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;least level of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eresources\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. In order to be eligible for this scheme, a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;person of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;non-French \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;nationality\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;must\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;be in the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epossession of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;possess\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; a \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;carte de séjour\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has to have\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; have\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elived in France for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;at least \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;five years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;An \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Thus, some\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;unemployed North-African\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; who\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeligible for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370unemployment benefit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is therefore eligible\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;can obtain\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for the RMI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;RSA\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, which \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;provides an income of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This is the updated amount from this site https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/N19775\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e€\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;559.74 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;9\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;460 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a month (\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We have used this as reference for this change Service-Public.fr . 2019. Revenu de solidarité active (RSA). https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/N19775\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Service-Public.fr 2019\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;10\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Rmi\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFr. 2010\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, as well as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. He is also eligible for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;housing benefits and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehealth protection. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;He/she is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Such persons are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; exonerated from paying council\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etax and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;he/she can\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; also be eligible for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a phone bill \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reduction\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the phone bill\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. However, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a North African\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimmigrant who has not been in France for a sufficient period to be eligible for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRSA is subject to experiencing severe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;economic insecurity\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; appears if the \u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;North-African immigrant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehas not been in France for enough time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.5pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Building \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;up \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEsping-Andersen’s approach \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;toward \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;welfare states according to the level of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;labor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;commodification\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof labour\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, the French state \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fits \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;adopts\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;onservative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eapproach to social policy and welfare\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the primary \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;aim \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;objective \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of the French social protection system\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis income maintenance (Palier 2000: 116).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Text has been edited for better clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is more\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethan \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;serves a larger purpose than \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;simple\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epoverty alleviation \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis found in the Anglo-Saxon system or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003euniversalistic distribution \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is representative \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the Northern\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSocial-Democratic system. Since \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;entitlement\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edepends on the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;workers’ \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;contribution\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehistory\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; paid by workers\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;, most benefits\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare earnings-related. The French welfare state is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We added a qualifier based on the transformations.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;largely\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebased on a set of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;non-state\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;private\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; agencies. The \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt;Sécurité Sociale\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; (Social Protection) is divided into four main\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esectors: healthcare and work accidents\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; old age and retirement\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;unemployment insurance and family (CNAV\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2010). There is a compulsory sc
370heme \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;anyone \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;everyone \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;must\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe affiliated \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as well as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a complementary one (\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;mutuelle\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"“However” is a better word choice to express contrast as it presents a more formal tone.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;But\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;However, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;some structural\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echanges have transformed the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Bismar\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;kian\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enature of the French welfare state \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;has been\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransformed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;into a state-run one\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; by some\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estructural changes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. This reform relies mainly on a re-insertion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolicy (\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Revenu Minimum d’Insértion\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; RMI\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;), which is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;non-contributory\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emeans-tested scheme\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;. It\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; guarantees a \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;least\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;minimum \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;level of resources. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In order t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;o\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebe eligible for this scheme, a non-French \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;resident \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;has\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto be in \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;possession of a \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;carte de séjour\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; and has to have lived in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrance for five years. An unemployed North\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;African \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;resident \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;who is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;not eligible for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370unemployment benefit\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis therefore eligible for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;RMI, which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;€\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;460\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea month (Rmi Fr. 2010). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;He \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;also eligible for housing benefits and health\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eprotection. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;He/she is\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; exonerated from paying council tax and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;he/she \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;can also be eligible for \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;phone-bill \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;reduction\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the phone bill\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. However, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;economic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einsecurity appears if the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;North\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;African\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimmigrant \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;who \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;has not been in France for\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;enough \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sufficient \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;duration may feel economically insecure\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"社会学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"社会学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:12:58.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":1090,"titleslug":"sociology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":260,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Sociology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Sociology_95b162c37d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":479.73,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Sociology_95b162c37d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:07.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:07.000Z"}
370,"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":256,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Sociology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Sociology_2d3af81c02","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":460.19,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Sociology_2d3af81c02.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:05.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:05.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"社会学"},{"id":105,"salevelthree":{"id":1124,"name":"Linguistics (言語学)","saleveltwo":1166,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T10:43:38.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":943,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"言語学","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_9774d54504","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":157,"height":156,"size":8.9,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_9774d54504.png"}},"hash":"download_9774d54504","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.81,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_9774d54504.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T10:43:35.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:51:58.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":61,"salevelone":5,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"言語学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、言語学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。言語学および、この分野における音声学、音韻論、形態論などの専門分野で修士号や博士号を取得した校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが言語学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1. Introduction \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Morphology is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;branch\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof linguistics that \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;study \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;analyzes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Morphemes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphemes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(the smallest units of linguistic form\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand meaning) and how they constitute words.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Social scientists generally try to avoid using the phrase “the fact” because it is considered too absolute, i.e., too definitive.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Despite\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe fact\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Although\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; words\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare generally\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;accepted as being the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esmallest units of syntax, it is clear that in most \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(if\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enot all) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;languages\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; words \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erelated to other words by rules\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;The rules\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;some\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which result in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;generally \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;clear \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;kind\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;patterns in the way\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;words \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that words \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fromed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;formed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efrom smaller units and how \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;these \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;interact in speech\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;? \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In this way\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;By\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eclarifying those rules and their resulting relationships\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, morphology\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We rephrased the beginning of the sentence to avoid redundancy (repeating the definition of “morphology”).\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is the branch of linguistics that studies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reveals\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; patterns of word-formation,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphological\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elinguistics \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;attempts to construct \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a language’s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;grammar based on the knowledge of\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;speakers\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of those languages\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMorphemes\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This was added to acknowledge the repetition.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Morpheme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;As indicated in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe introduction, a morpheme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis the smallest\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; linguistic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;unit \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of language \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that has linguistic form and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;semantic\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emeaning. In \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;spoken\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;oral\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;language, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphemes comprise\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;phonemes (the smallest unit of sound/speech)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, whereas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;make up morphemes; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in written\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elanguage, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they are constituted by \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;graphemes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(the smallest\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This could also be stated as “symbolic”.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;written\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit representing sound/speech)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; compose morphemes….\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLexemes \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A lexeme is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;abstract\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This is a more precise definition of “lexeme”.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;lexical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a word\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;meaning\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto which inflections (e.g., suffixes) can \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;added\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto reflect gender-, tense-, number-, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;person-relevant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egrammatical information. For example, \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;give,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egives\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; giving\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; given\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt; and gave \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;form a single lexeme\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; (that is,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"We rephrased this in order to make the definition clearer. “Meaning entity” was not clear. We removed the parentheses, as a semicolon can serve the same function and the information is not a side comment, but rather important to clarifying the explanation.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; they are all forms of the same entity \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u
3700026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;one \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and share the same\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eroot \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;meaning\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; entity)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This is more accurate. The lexeme represents the set of words with their inflections.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A concept of word\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit with\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The set of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;words with all of its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;no\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;inflections is\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;called \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lexeme\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, moreover,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;; however,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;t the root of each lexeme is a lemma, which is a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eword unit \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;having \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;with \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;minimal or no inflection\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; is called a lemma\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" We have added this bit of information to further define the lemma.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econstitutes the canonical or citation form of a set of words that share the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esame lexeme\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;8\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompound\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Using the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wikipedia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Wikipedia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;linguistics, a compound is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This is more accurate, as the word is comprised of more than one lexeme, but a lexeme really refers to the meaning of the word.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lexeme\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;word \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;9\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;(a word) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsists of more than one \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;lexeme. There\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare three types of compounds\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;—An\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: 1)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; endocentric compounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, whereby\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" We have added a bit of extra information, as the context of this work indicates that its intended readers are less knowledgeable in this field, and they might require further explanation for “AB”.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; where\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the compound serves the same linguistic function as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eone of its parts, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;10\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; such that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;AB is an instance of B (e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;teaspoon\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;); \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;exocentric compounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;where \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in which the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompound fulfills a new function, such that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;AB is neither an A or a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eB\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; but \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;rather\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;a C associated with \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;AB \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;both \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;birdbrain\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;);\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;3) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;copulative \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or combination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; where\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAB is\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a combination of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; A and B (e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;producer-director\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight:normal\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1. Introduction \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Morphology is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;branch\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof linguistics that stud\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ies\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Morphemes\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphemes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(the smallest units of linguistic form\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand meaning) and how they constitute words. Despite the fact that words are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egenerally\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;accepted as being the smallest\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunits of syntax, it is clear that in most \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(if not\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eall) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;languages\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; words \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;can be\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;are\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erelated to other words by rules.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Formal writing should be free of redundancy and repetition. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;The\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;se\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erules \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;produce\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;some clear kind of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;specific \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;patterns\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;regarding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eway words are \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fromed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;formed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; from smaller units and how the\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;y\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;se\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einteract in speech\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;? \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;In this way, morphology is the branch of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elinguistics that studies patterns of word-formation\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand attempts to construct \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a language’s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;grammar\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebased on the knowledge of\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;its \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;speakers\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of those languages\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMorphemes\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Morpheme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morpheme \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;is the smallest unit of language that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehas linguistic form and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;semantic\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; meaning. In \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;oral\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;spoken \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;language,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;morphemes comprise \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;phonemes (the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esmallest unit of sound/speech)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" The word “whereas” highlights an important difference between two similar things or facts. We have used this word here to enhance clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, whereas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;make up morphemes; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This could also be stated as “symbolic”.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;written\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; language, graphemes (the smallest written unit representing\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esound/speech) compose morphemes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;….\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLexemes \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;A lexeme is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;abstract\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit of \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"This is a more precise definition of “lexeme”.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;lexical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a word\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;meaning\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto which inflections (e.g., suffixes) can \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;added\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto reflect gender-, tense-, number-, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;person-relevant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egrammatical information. For example, \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;give,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003egives\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; giving\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt; given\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enormal\"\u0026gt; and gave \u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;form a single lexeme (that is,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;one meaning entity)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A concept of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;word\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eunit with no inflections is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;known as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;called\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; a lexeme\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; moreover, a word unit having minimal or no\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einflection is called a lemma.\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;1.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompound\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;Using the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;wikipedia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Wikipedia\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edefinition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;In\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;linguistics, a compound is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea lexeme (a word) that consists of more than one \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;other\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;lexeme. There are three types of compounds\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;—An\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;: 1)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; endocentric\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecompounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; where \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;AB is an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einstance of B (e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;teaspoon\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;); \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;exocentric compounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eblue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; where AB is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;neither an A or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;neither an A nor\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; a B but a C associated with AB\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;birdbrain\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;); and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;3) \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;copulative \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombination \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;compounds\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; where\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; AB is\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecombination of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; A and B (e.g., \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;producer-director\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt;).\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u0
37003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"言語学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"言語学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:13:16.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":1124,"titleslug":"linguistics","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":263,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Linguistics.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Linguistics_296f06bf85","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":195.22,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Linguistics_296f06bf85.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T07:13:56.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T07:13:56.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":185,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Linguistics.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Linguistics_542a88387b","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":176.66,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Linguistics_542a88387b.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:43.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:43.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"言語学"},{"id":106,"salevelthree":{"id":1150,"name":"Literature (文学研究)","saleveltwo":1343,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T10:44
370:44.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":944,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"文学","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_d53c41f9da","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":157,"height":156,"size":6.34,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_d53c41f9da.png"}},"hash":"download_d53c41f9da","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.75,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_d53c41f9da.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T10:44:40.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:50:49.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":62,"salevelone":5,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"文学研究分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴには、文学研究に関連する論文を数多く校正してきた経験があります。古典文学、女流文学など多岐にわたる研究において修士号や博士号を取得した校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが、文学研究に関する論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Any\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsideration of the response\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; offered\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etwentieth\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and twenty-first\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;century \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Irish poets to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;olocaust must \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;first \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;consider \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involve\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereviewing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;first \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the historical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtext of Ireland’s \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;small \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Jew\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ish\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunity and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; Ireland’s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; record of pre\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;war\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand wartime \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;immigration into Ireland by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;acceptance of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; refugees from mainland \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAvailable \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;censas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;census\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; statistics\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Substitution of vocabulary because stronger verbs make better impact.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;show\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;evidence \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" It is simpler and more native to say “since 1861.” \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from 1861 onwards \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; there\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a small but significant Jew\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ish\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunity \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has existed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in Ireland \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370since 1861. This community was primarily based \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mainly based \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in Dublin but\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; was also settled\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;also\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in cities such as Cork and Limerick. The 1901 census\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; taken three years before the 1904 setting of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJames Joyce’s Ulysses (19\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;2), suggest\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;people of Jewish origin constituted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;just \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;over \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;over \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;3,000 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIreland’s total population of roughly 3,200,000\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Jew living in Ireland out of a total population of roughly\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,200,000\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. By 1946, this number had risen only to 5,381 \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;professing Jew\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eon the island of Ireland\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. These statistics\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" A stronger verb was substituted.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;narrate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eown \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;story \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;account\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of Ireland’s pre-war and wartime inaction in the face of mass\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexpulsions from \u
3700026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;central \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Central \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;eastern\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eeurope\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Eastern Europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The inversion of syntax is awkward. Also, the sentence has been divided into two focused statements for ameliorated impact. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Irish policy was parsimonious at best e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;E\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ven\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; between\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;1942 and 1945, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;during \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the years of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;olocaust\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;1942-45, Irish policy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas parsimonious at best and a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ccording\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto Dermot Keogh’s authoritative study \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Jews\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein Twentieth\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Century Ireland\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; (1998),\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe number \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of Jewish refugees \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;admitted \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by Ireland \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;during the Second World War “may have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeen as few as sixty” (Keogh 1998: 192).\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;Any\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsideration of the response\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; offer\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eby twentieth\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and twenty-first\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;century \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Irish poets to \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;olocaust must \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;first \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This change has been made to avoid repetition of the word “consider” in the same sentence.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;consider \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involve \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;first \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the historical context of Ireland’s \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;small \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Jew\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ish\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; community and the record of prewar and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewartime immigration into Ireland by refugees from mainland \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAvailable \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;censas\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;census\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370 statistics show that\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" It is simpler and more native to say “since 1861.” \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;from 1861 onwards \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a small but significant Jew\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ish\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunity \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;has existed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in Ireland\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; since 1861,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; mainly based in Dublin but also in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecities such as Cork and Limerick. The 1901 census\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etaken three years before the 1904 setting of James Joyce’s Ulysses (19\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;2),\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esuggest\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; that there were just over 3,000\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJew\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; living in Ireland out of a total\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epopulation of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This change has been made to make the language more suitable to academic writing.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;roughly \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;approximately \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,200,000. By 1946, this number had\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erisen only to 5,381\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; professing Jew on the island of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIreland\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. These statistics \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;tell \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;narrate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;their own \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;story\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;account \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of Ireland’s pre-war\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand wartime inaction in the face of mass expulsions from \u
3700026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;central \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Central \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;eastern europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Eastern\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEurope\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Even during the years of\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;H\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;h\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;olocaust\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;1942\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;–\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;45\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;)\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Irish\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolicy was parsimonious at best\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;A\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ccording\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto Dermot Keogh’s authoritative study \u0026lt;i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Jews\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ein Twentieth\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Century Ireland\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; (1998),\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe number \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of Jewish refugees \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;admitted \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;by Ireland \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;during the Second World War “may have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeen as few as sixty” (Keogh 1998: 192).\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"文学研究分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"文学研究分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:13:36.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":1150,"titleslug":"literature","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"id":253,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Literature.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Literature_35066f17f4","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":378.85,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Literature_35066f17f4.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z"}
370,"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":254,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Literature.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Literature_124477d3cc","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":377.85,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Literature_124477d3cc.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:04.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"文学"},{"id":107,"salevelthree":{"id":1085,"name":"Political Science (政治学)","saleveltwo":54,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T10:45:29.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":945,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"政治学","caption":"","width":176,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_4de6620772","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":157,"height":156,"size":6.57,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_4de6620772.png"}},"hash":"download_4de6620772","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.72,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_4de6620772.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T10:45:27.000Z","updated_at":"2023-05-03T11:52:18.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":64,"salevelone":5,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"政治学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、政治学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。国内外の政治および比較研究、政治経済、国際関係、行政など、関連研究において修士号や博士号を取得した校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが政治学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;One of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;most \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"“Important” is a subjective judgment; frequency of use is easier to assert.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewidely used\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;important \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;deliberative procedure\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; is deliberative pol\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; designed by Jame\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFishkin. In\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; their\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; article \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Deliberative Polling\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;rom\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperiment to Community Resource,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;”\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;James \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370Fishkin\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand Cynthia Farrar present\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheoretical and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;practical issues \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involved in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; developing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransformation of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; this procedure from a thought experiment to a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edemocratic practice \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;that has been used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The fact of significance here is that many communities have used the method, not that the communities are different.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;numerous\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;different\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunities in the United States and around the world. They define \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;deliberative poll\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eas \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;„\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epoll of citizens before and after they had the chance to arrive at considered\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ejudgments based on information and exposure to the views of their fellow citizens”\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(Fishkin\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFarrar, 2005\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;: 68). \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Fishkin and Farar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eargue that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"No need to name the method again as it has already been mentioned three times.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ir method\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; deliberative poll\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eis a distinctive form of public consultation that combine\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; two key\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evalues\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolitical equality and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity. The sentence has been divi
370ded into two to introduce clarity and better formal expression.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edeliberation\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. By\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, understanding by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; political equality\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, they mean equal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eequal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; consideration of everyone\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;’s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreferences\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by deliberation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, they refer to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea process of discussion in which \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;participants\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; weigh competing arguments on their merits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn their \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;opinions\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;view\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;for \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;high-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;quality deliberation \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;meets four criteria: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;there\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare four standards that should be met - \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(a) \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ompleteness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eextent\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; which arguments offered on one\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eside of an issue are answered by arguments from another side\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, which\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare then answered in turn; (b) \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;i\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;I\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;nformation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, i.e., \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the extent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;information that \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;participants\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eemploy is reasonable and accurate; (c) \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;onsciousness\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the extent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those involved desire to decide \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people participate with the aim of deciding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eissue on its merits; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(d) \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;d\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;D\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;iversity\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, or\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eextent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which those who deliberate\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erepresent the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;full range\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diversity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; of viewpoints in the relevant\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epopulation.\u0026lt;a name=\"_GoBack\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;One of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;most \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"“Important” is a subjective judgment; frequency of use is easier to assert.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewidely used\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;important \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;deliberative procedure\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; is deliberative pol\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;l\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; designed by Jame\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFishkin. In\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; their\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; article \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Deliberative Polling\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;F\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;f\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;rom\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperiment to Community Resource,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;”\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;James \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;Fishkin\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand Cynthia Farrar present\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheoretical and \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;practical issues \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;involved in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe transformation of this procedure from a thought experiment to a democratic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epractice in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The fact of significance here is that many communities have used the method, not that the communities are different.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;numerous\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;different\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunities in the United States and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003earound the world. They define \u
3700026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;deliberative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epoll\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;„\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;a poll of citizens before and after they had the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echance to arrive at considered judgments based on information and exposure to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe views of their fellow citizens” (Fishkin\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; Farrar, 2005\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e68). \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Fishkin\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand Farar\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; argue that the deliberative poll is a distinctive form of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epublic consultation that combine\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; two\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ekey values\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolitical equality and deliberation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. By\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, understanding by\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; political equality\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, they mean equal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eequal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; consideration of everyone\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;’s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epreferences\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; by deliberation\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, they refer to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea process of discussion in which \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;participants\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; weigh competing arguments on their merits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn their opinions, for a quality deliberation there are four standards that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshould be met\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;- \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;(a)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;c\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;C\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ompleteness:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe extent\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; which arguments offered on\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eone side of an issue are answered by arguments from another side\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Along with language and grammar accuracy, a normal edit ensures enhance usage of punctuation such as placement of commas.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare then answered in turn; (b) Information: the extent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;information\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethat people employ is reasonable and accurate; (c) Consciousness: the extent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;those\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvolved desire to decide \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;people\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparticipate with the aim of deciding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the issue on its merits; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;(d) Diversity: the extent \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;which those who deliberate represent the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;full range\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diversity\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof viewpoints in the relevant population.\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"政治学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"政治学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:13:53.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":1085,"titleslug":"political-science","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":247,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Political_Science.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Political_Science_2060d7626d","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":339.56,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Political_Science_2060d7626d.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:03.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:03.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":225,"name":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Political_Science.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Political_Science_a2f97ee498","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":273.56,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copyediting_Sample_Political_Science_a2f97ee498.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:57.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:09:57.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"政治学"},{"id":108,"salevelthree":{"id":956,"name":"Educational Psychology (教育心理学)","saleveltwo":44,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:14:05.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":1873,"name":"download_cd1f2e1335_45f997c6a7.webp","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":48,"height":48,"formats":null,"hash":"download_cd1f2e1335_45f997c6a7_462303d2b1","ext":".webp","mime":"image/webp","size":0.93,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_cd1f2e1335_45f997c6a7_462303d2b1.webp","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2023-04-19T16:14:01.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T16:14:01.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":63,"salevelone":5,"saleveltwo":52,"title":"心理学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、心理学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。心理学および、関連する社会学、公務、保健科学などの幅広い分野の知識を有する校正者が、校閲・校正を行います。こちらが心理学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoCommentText\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Most \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;people\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;try \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etrying \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hard to lead a healthy lifestyle\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" The comma here has been replaced with the conjunction “because” for better flow and clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;healthy is a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evirtue. When people\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" “Speak” is used more to refer to the biological act of speaking. Hence, we have revised this to “talk” for accurate word choice.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;speak \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;say \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;about being healthy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethey usually mean being physically healthy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;. Not\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;not \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;many\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eactually \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mean to imply that the term being healthy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecould \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;also apply \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the term \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;to\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emental health. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370Although mental \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Mental\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; health is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;imperative,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;significant but \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;has \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;not \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;been given \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enecessary attention. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;much of the coverage\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit should receive. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity. The sentence has been divided into two to introduce clarity and better formal expression.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStereotypical attitudes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;toward \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;towards \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;mental\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehealth \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;have classified mentally ill people as\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estrange. Furthermore, it is perceived that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;seems to put mentally-ill people in the weirdo category and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;such\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisorders only happen to weird people or substance users. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;This is untrue because \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;This is of course, is not a fact and mind \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;illnesses such as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;depression \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;depressive \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;affect anyone regardless of their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effect any, without taking in account of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;cast,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecreed\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;or \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;color.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"In a substantive edit, we ensure that correct terms are used and the sentence structure is made concise while maintaining the meaning.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;information brochure \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;on which this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;essay is based \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;includes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on covers \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;basic depression disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Information related\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;
370gives a little information about \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;clinic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; depression, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;namely,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;diagnstics, and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;symptoms\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; and diagnosis thereof is provided. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; In addition, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;various \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and busts some\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;myths associated with clinical \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;depression\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eare shattered. \u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;depresion. The course of this essay will give in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eknowledgeable detail the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;diagnostic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecriteria, causes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and preferred method\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof therapy for depression as a disorder\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; are\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediscussed in the essay. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoSubtitle\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"MsoIntenseEmphasis\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-NZ\" style=\"font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Diagnostic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCriteria for depression\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align:justify;line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;It is normal to suffer depression at some\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estage in one’s life. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edepressed is normal phase of life for all people, but can \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;However, depression may \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;become a disorder when it \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;becomes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gets \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;severe, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;happens \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;frequently\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and lasts\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; for a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elong period\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Using “longer” implies that it is being compared to the long period of another thing. Hence, this has been revised to “long.”\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;longer\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Health\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epsychology Book)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370 If feelings of sadness do not \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;diminish \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;go away \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;interfere \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;interferes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;with a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;person’s \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;persons \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ability \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;work, school, sleep\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and life\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they may be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;then\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethey \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" “may” and “sure” are contradictory terms and hence should not be used together. The instance has been revised to remove the contradiction.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may be surely \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esuffering from depressive disorder (helpguid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;org). \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;A person with this disorder\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;They\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; may \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;experience\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echanges \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have a change \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eappetite and sleep patterns, low \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;self \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;self-esteem, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;esteem, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;less\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenergy, loss of interest in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enjoyable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;enjoyed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;activities, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;inability to concentrate\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and suicidal\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eideation. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and thoughts of suicide as a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eway out are common symptoms. These could also manifestation of these into\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephysical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Depression may also be\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emanifested in physical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;symptoms such as headaches.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" This sentence has been deleted as it was a repetition of abovementioned instances regarding suicide.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Another big factor that one could be depressed, are thoughts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof suicide and morbidity. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoCommentText\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Most\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;people \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;try\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;are trying \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;hard to lead a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehealthy lifestyle \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" The comma here has been replaced with the conjunction “because” for better flow and clarity.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; because\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebeing \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, to be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;healthy is a virtue. When people\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" “Speak” is used more to refer to the biological act of speaking. Hence, we have revised this to “talk” for accurate word choice.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;speak \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;talk \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;say \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabout being healthy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethey usually mean being physically healthy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; not many actually \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;mean\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;apply \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to imply that \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;the term \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehealthy could also apply \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;to mental health. Mental health is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;significant \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;imperative\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;but has \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;not \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;been given much\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;coverage \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;focus \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;it should receive. Stereotypical attitudes \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;toward \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;towards \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;mental\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehealth seem\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; to put mentally\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ill\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epeople in the \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;weirdo\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;”\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; category and\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econsider that\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; such disorders only happen to weird people or\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esubstance users. This is of course\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;not a fact\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;and m\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Mental\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ind\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; illnesses such as \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;depression\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;depressive \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;can \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;effect \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;affect \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;any\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;one\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;without taking in\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccount\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;regardless\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of cast, creed\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; or color. \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;This \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;information brochure \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;on which this \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;that the\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;essay is based \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;includes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;on covers \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;basic depression disorders\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; gives \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a little \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;information\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eabout clinic\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;al\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; depression, diagn\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;stics, and symptoms\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand busts some myths associated with clinical depre\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;
370sion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eT\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;he course of t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;his essay will\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" Using too many words to convey a simple idea adds wordiness to a written text. This instance has been deleted to introduce conciseness.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;give in knowledgeable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edetail the diagnostic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecriteria, causes\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and preferred method\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof therapy for depression as a disorder\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoSubtitle\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span class=\"MsoIntenseEmphasis\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN-NZ\" style=\"font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";font-style:normal\"\u0026gt;Diagnostic\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCriteria for depression\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN-US\"\u0026gt;Being\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edepressed is \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;normal phase of life for \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;all people\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;everyone\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; but \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;it \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;can\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebecome a disorder when it \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;becomes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;gets \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;severe, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;occurs \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;happens \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;frequently\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand lasts\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; for a long period\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; longer (\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Health\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epsychology Book)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370 If\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efeelings of sadness do not \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;diminish \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;go away \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;interfere \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;interferes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;with a \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;person’s\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;persons \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;ability \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in their \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;work,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eschool, sleep\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and life\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;they may be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;then they \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" “may” and “sure” are contradictory terms and hence should not be used together. The instance has been revised to remove the contradiction.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;may be surely \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;suffering from depressive\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003edisorder\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" In a normal edit, accuracy of technical word choice is checked along with other aspects of editing.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; (helpguid\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;org).\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA person with this disorder may \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;experience changes \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea change \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;in appetite and sleep patterns, low \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;self \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;self-esteem, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;esteem, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;less energy, loss of interest in \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;enjoyable \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;enjoyed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;activities,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;an \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;inability\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto concentrate\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and suicidal ideation. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ered\"\u0026gt;and thoughts of suicide as a way out are common symptoms. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;These\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecould also \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;be \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;manifest\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;ation\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;these into \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;physical symptoms such as headaches. \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Another \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Other \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;big \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;major \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;factor \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;reasons \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;that\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eone could be depressed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; are thoughts of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esuicide and morbidity. \u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"心理学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"心理学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:14:07.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":1027,"titleslug":"psychology","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":257,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_Psychology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Psychology_cab41bf6fc","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":328.59,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_Psychology_cab41bf6fc.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:06.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:06.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":235,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_Psychology.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Psychology_1f2b730fbe","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":322.74,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_Psychology_1f2b730fbe.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:01.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:01.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"心理学"},{"id":109,"salevelthree":{"id":1111,"name":"History (歴史学)","saleveltwo":1164,"created_at":"2020-08-04T06:30:29.000Z","updated_at":"2022-04-27T10:47:05.000Z","showinsubjectareapage":false,"status":true,"icon":{"id":947,"name":"download.png","alternativeText":"アイコン:ダウンロード","caption":"","width":175,"height":175,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_download.png","hash":"thumbnail_download_c35761349b","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":156,"height":156,"size":4.41,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_download_c35761349b.png"}},"hash":"download_c35761349b","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.48,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/download_c35761349b.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2022-04-27T10:47:01.000Z","updated_at":"2023-09-21T05:23:51.000Z"}},"sample":{"id":60,"salevelone":5,"saleveltwo":null,"title":"歴史学分野の英文校正サンプル","description":"エナゴは、歴史学分野でも多くの論文を校正し、高い評価をいただいてきました。歴史学、宗教学、さらには国際関係学、国際政治学、国際経済学など従来の地域的区分にとらわれずに研究するグローバルスタディーズなど、各分野の修士号や博士号を持つ校正者が、専門的な見識を踏まえた校閲・校正を行います。こちらが歴史学論文の修正履歴付き校正サンプルです。アドバンス英文校正とノーマル英文校正の2つのサービスプランを比較いただき、各種サンプルをPDF形式でダウンロードすることもできます。","manuscriptadvanceediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;In \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;last section, I discuss\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;Art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;and its effects on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;literature (the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Emphasizing the correct information is necessary to clearly convey the intended meaning. We have revised this instance to clearly mention why the criterion is unsuitable for retail investors. We have enclosed this phrase in quotation marks to show the emphasis.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Ch\u0026lt;st1:personname w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;au\u0026lt;/st1:personname\u0026gt;cer problem\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;”\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:red\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;, as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;As \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;previously mentioned,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;led\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;
370Renaissance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\"\u0026gt;It \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;The Renaissance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;started \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;began\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;with the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Italian \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Italy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Renaissance, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;before\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;continued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;go\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;expanding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using the correct phrases and words is highly necessary to ensure that the intended meaning is conveyed to the readers. We have revised the text for accuracy as per the context of the document.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;to all the lower countries\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;throughout Western Europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\"\u0026gt;in the form of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Northern\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRenaissance.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:blue\"\u0026gt;The\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eword Renaissance itself means “rebirth” (rinascimento in Italian) and was first\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eused to describe this era by the French historian Jules Michelet.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;The Renaissance is \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;normally supposed\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;usually described\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;having \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;lasted \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;
370spanned the period \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;from \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the early \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;1400\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;approximately\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;he\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1650\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Naturally, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecourse, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;in its initial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estages, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Gothic \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;art \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Renaissance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eart co\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;existed in several places. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"A substantive edit ensures that the text of a manuscript is structurally accurate and every information is placed at the correct instance. Hence, this part has been moved to an earlier instance.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;The word \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;itself means \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the ' \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;rebirth\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:red\"\u0026gt; '\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; (\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;rinascimento\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt; in Italian). \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;This was invented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\"\u0026gt;by the French historian Jules\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMichelet.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;3\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;
370The Renaissance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Era \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;was a\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;time \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;era \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;drastic social\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;change. Rural habitats \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;began \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;to become \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;fast\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;rapidly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; urban\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;izing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;thanks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; due\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;improving \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;improvements \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;industrial \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;condition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the emergence of a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;growing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; middle class of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;tradesman\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;tradesmen\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;and bankers.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;The nobility \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;continued to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;exist\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; but\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;d, but\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;wielded \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;less\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epower.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Many \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Numerous \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;historical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;events \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;helped\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;contributed to the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; this \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;era\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;sociocultural\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emovement. Prominent among these were\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;:\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" The magnetic compass was invented in the third century BC in China. They were already used in Europe in the mid-late 13th century. A remark has been added to convey this discrepancy to the author.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvention\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;magnetic compass\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;consequently\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; more\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;stimulated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; exploration\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;),\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Remark: Please note that the magnetic compass was invented in the third century BC in China. We recommend that this be changed to “improvements in navigational techniques.” This would be more accurate, as it was during the late 13th century that dead reckoning methods were improved, along with the emergence of more accurate nautical charts.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the invention\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;gunpowder (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;first invented \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by the Chinese \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;at the beginning,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;and later\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; brought\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEurope, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;consequently\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;triggered \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;developed\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;advances in the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;art of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;war)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the invention of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;mass print\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;etc.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;among others\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Formal sentence structures ensure impressive representation of an academic paper. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;As a result of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;fall \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Fall \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;of Constantinople in 1453\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;made it possible to the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;6\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Greek scholars \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt
370;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;could \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;travel\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand bring \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Greek and Latin manuscripts to Italy.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;At the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;core\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; of the Renaissance movement \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;humanism\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;philosophy \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;movement\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;very often \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;summarized\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in the words of Greek philosopher\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtagoras\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eitalic\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eitalic\"\u0026gt;\"\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"The description is the quoted text, which is also the subject of the sentence. Hence, the sentence has been revised to mention it before the remaining information. \" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eitalic\"\u0026gt;Man is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN;font-style:normal;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;measure of all things\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;”\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\"\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;7\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; in the words of the Greek philosopher\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtagoras.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue\"\u0026gt;represented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:red;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;renewal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; of the ancient \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Greek and\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRoman\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Greco-Roman\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; celebration\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the human form.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;While \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;the thinkers of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;
370medieval period \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;had \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;used\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; the classics to corroborate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the catholic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;Catholic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;ideology\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;color:blue;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;, those of t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;he Renaissance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;classics \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;them \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;go\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;delve\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;further \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;philosophy\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; by exploring the concepts of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;reason, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;intelligence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;taste.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;As such, the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Renaissance\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, as such, was\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;represented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; a rebirth of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;golden era\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; of Greece and Rome in Europe.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;
370\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptdoublecheckediting":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;div class=\"script_file\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;In \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;last section, I discuss\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;Art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;and its effects on \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;literature (the \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Emphasizing the correct information is necessary to clearly convey the intended meaning. We have revised this instance to clearly mention why the criterion is unsuitable for retail investors. We have enclosed this phrase in quotation marks to show the emphasis.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Ch\u0026lt;st1:personname w:st=\"on\"\u0026gt;au\u0026lt;/st1:personname\u0026gt;cer problem\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;”\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;1\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;, as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;As \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;previously mentioned,\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; Gothic \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;led\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;
370Renaissance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;art\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\"\u0026gt;It \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;The Renaissance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;started \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;began\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;with the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Italian \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Italy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Renaissance, and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;before\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;continued\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;go\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;expanding \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Using the correct phrases and words is highly necessary to ensure that the intended meaning is conveyed to the readers. We have revised the text for accuracy as per the context of the document.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;to all the lower countries\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;throughout Western Europe\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\"\u0026gt;in the form of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Northern\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRenaissance.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;The Renaissance is normally \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;supposed \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;described as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;have \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;having \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;lasted\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efrom \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the early \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;1400\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;approximately\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;he\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;o\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1650\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;’\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;s.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Naturally, \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;Of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecourse, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;in its initial\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estages, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Gothic \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;art \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Renaissance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eart co\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;existed in several places.\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;The word \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;“Renaissance”\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;itself means \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;' \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;rebirth\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;”\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; '\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; (\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;rinascimento\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt; in Italian). \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;This\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewas \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;invented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:blue\"\u0026gt;coined\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;by the French historian Jules Michelet.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height:200%\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;
370The Renaissance \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Era \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;era \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;was a time\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;had social\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echange\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;. Rural habitats were \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;to become \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;fast\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;rapidly\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; urban\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;izing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;thanks\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; to improvements \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;in \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;industrial \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;condition\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;growing\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; middle class of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;tradesm\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;a\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;n\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; and bankers.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;The nobility existed\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebut \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;wielded\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;less power.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;Many \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Numerous \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;historical \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;events \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;helped\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;contributed to the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;form\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;ation of\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; this era\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, such as\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\" The magnetic compass was invented in the third century BC in China. They were already used in Europe in the mid-late 13th century. A remark has been added to convey this discrepancy to the author.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvention\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;s\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;magnetic compass\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;(\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;consequently\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; more\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;stimulated\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; exploration\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;),\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span data-toggle=\"popover\" data-content=\"Remark: Please note that the magnetic compass was invented in the third century BC in China. We recommend that this be changed to “improvements in navigational techniques.” This would be more accurate, as it was during the late 13th century that dead reckoning methods were improved, along with the emergence of more accurate nautical charts.\" data-original-title=\"\" title=\"\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;span class=\"comment-tag\"\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;span class=\"hover_badge\"\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;the invention of the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;gunpowder (\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;first invented \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;by\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe Chinese \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;at the beginning,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;and later\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebrought\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; Europe, \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;which \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;consequently developed \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;art of \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;war)\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt; \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;the invention of \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;mass print\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;, among others. \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;fall \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;Fall \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;of Constantinople in 1453 \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;made\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eit possible for the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; Greek\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003escholars to travel and bring \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;Greek and Latin manuscripts to Italy.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;core\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; of the Renaissance movement \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;was\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;humanism\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea movement very often \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;summarized\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; in the words of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Greek\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ephilosopher Protagoras\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; as \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;: \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;“\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;\"\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:EN;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;Man is \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\
370u0026gt;a\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN;font-style:normal;mso-bidi-font-style:italic\"\u0026gt;measure of all things.\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;”\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;\"\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; It\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;represented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;was \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0pt;line-height:200%;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;a \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;renewal\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; of the ancient Greek\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt; and \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;-\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Roman celebration of the human form.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;thinkers of\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;medieval period \u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;had \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;used\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; the classics to corroborate \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the catholic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;Catholic\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;ideology\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; while those\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;of t\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;T\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;
370he\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRenaissance \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;used \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt;classics \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;them\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;to \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;go\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue\"\u0026gt;delve\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;further \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;in\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;to\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red;mso-ansi-language:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;philosophy, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;reason, \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e200%;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;intelligence\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;,\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; and\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;the\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red;mso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;taste.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;color:red\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"mso-spacerun:yes\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;The \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;As such, the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;Renaissance\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:red\"\u0026gt;, as such, was\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;represented\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt; a rebirth of \u0026lt;u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"color:blue\"\u0026gt;the \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/u\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eline-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"\"\u0026gt;golden era\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emso-ansi-language:EN\"\u0026gt; of Greece and Rome in Europe.\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style=\"font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecolor:red\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/o:p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/s\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;/div\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e","metatitle":"歴史学分野の英文校正サンプル│研究論文に特化した英文校正・校閲サービスエナゴ","metadescription":"歴史学分野の英文校正サンプルをご確認いただけます。エナゴは研究論文に特化した英文校正サービスです。24時間いつでも自動見積もり受付中です。","created_at":"2021-01-01T01:37:07.000Z","updated_at":"2023-04-19T15:14:25.000Z","metakeyword":null,"salevelthree":1111,"titleslug":"history","showtiesample":null,"sampleadvanceediting":{"i
370d":255,"name":"ENAGO_SubstantiveEditing_Sample_History.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_History_64e07510ab","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":366.76,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Substantive_Editing_Sample_History_64e07510ab.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:05.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:05.000Z"},"sampledoublecheckediting":{"id":246,"name":"ENAGO_CopyEditing_Sample_History.pdf","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":null,"height":null,"formats":null,"hash":"ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_History_d139d80a74","ext":".pdf","mime":"application/pdf","size":357.22,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ENAGO_Copy_Editing_Sample_History_d139d80a74.pdf","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z","updated_at":"2021-04-14T05:10:02.000Z"},"tiesample":null},"text":"歴史学"}]}],"singlecta":{"id":35,"text":"英文校正サービスの詳しい比較表を見る","url":"/comparison"},"video_title":{"id":48,"title":"お客様へのビデオインタビュー","description":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴの英文校正サービスをご利用いただいたお客様に、ご自身の研究内容やサービスご利用後のご感想をお話しいただきました。\u003c/p\u003e","suitabletext":null,"suitabledescription":"\u003cp\u003e※ビデオ内に表示されたお客様のご所属先はインタビュー当時のもので、本メール記載とは異なる場合がございます。\u003c/p\u003e","cardlinktext":"インタビューを読む","cardlink":"/editing-service-testimonials-video","featured":false,"featuretext":null,"paid_customization_title":null,"paid_custimization_img":null,"paid_customization_desc":null,"paid_customization_img_two":null,"paid_customization_desc_two":null,"services_included":null,"icon":null,"reportpdf":null},"logos_section":{"id":1,"title":"Journal logos","description":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴの英文校正・英文校閲・論文校正の品質を評価いただき、大学や研究機関の皆様から信頼をいただいています。(敬称略・一部のみご紹介)\u003c/p\u003e","logos":[{"id":22,"details":"Elsevier","image":{"id":4769,"name":"Elsevier.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":154,"height":60,"formats":null,"hash":"Elsevier_478e5b0423","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":4.64,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Elsevier_478e5b0423.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:05:25.000Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T09:05:26.000Z"}},{"id":53,"details":"Oxford","image":{"id":4770,"name":"OUP.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":202,"height":60,"formats":null,"hash":"OUP_8eeb881a3a","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.97,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/OUP_8eeb881a3a.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:06:02.000Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T09:06:02.000Z"}},{"id":54,"details":"IOP","image":{"id":4771,"name":"IOP.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":206,"height":60,"formats":null,"hash":"IOP_5d5681f700","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":7.73,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/IOP_5d5681f700.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:06:38.000Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T09:06:38.000Z"}},{"id":25,"details":"ACS","image":{"id":1837,"name":"ACS.png","alternativeText":"acs - 英文校正","caption":"","width":182,"height":60,"formats":{},"hash":"ACS_7fa4be169b","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.35,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ACS_7fa4be169b.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2023-04-19T15:00:42.000Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T09:06:57.000Z"}},{"id":26,"details":"Royal Society of Chemistry","image":{"id":4772,"name":"Royal Society of Chemistry 3.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":176,"height":60,"formats":null,"hash":"Royal_Society_of_Chemistry_3_b90389
3701f80","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3.19,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry_3_b903891f80.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:07:21.000Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T09:07:21.000Z"}},{"id":42,"details":"WILEY","image":{"id":4773,"name":"Wiley.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":205,"height":60,"formats":null,"hash":"Wiley_e3814f4dc9","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":2.45,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Wiley_e3814f4dc9.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:07:38.000Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T09:07:38.000Z"}},{"id":55,"details":"Cell press","image":{"id":4774,"name":"CellPress.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":206,"height":60,"formats":null,"hash":"Cell_Press_9dd9b9b6b4","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":6.24,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/Cell_Press_9dd9b9b6b4.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:08:19.000Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T09:08:19.000Z"}},{"id":57,"details":"AIP","image":{"id":4776,"name":"AIP.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":173,"height":60,"formats":null,"hash":"AIP_fc5810ff7f","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":1.93,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/AIP_fc5810ff7f.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:09:31.000Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T09:09:31.000Z"}},{"id":56,"details":"NEJM","image":{"id":4775,"name":"The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":206,"height":60,"formats":null,"hash":"The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_2094c85016","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":3,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine_2094c85016.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-06-11T09:08:51.000Z","updated_at":"2026-06-11T09:08:51.000Z"}}],"image":null},"faq":[{"id":542,"question":"Enago(エナゴ)とは?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eEnago(エナゴ)とは、学術研究論文に特化した英文校正と論文投稿支援サービスです。英文校正においては高度な専門性を持つ校正者、厳格な品質管理システムと工程により、エナゴで英文校正を受けた論文が「英語の質」を理由にジャーナルからリジェクトされないことを保証しております。また、投稿支援では英語論文を国際学術誌に投稿する手間・時間・コストを大幅に節約いただけます。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e詳しくは「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/beginner/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eはじめての方へ\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」をご覧ください。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":543,"question":"英文校正サービスとはどんなサービスか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003e英文校正サービスとは、論文など専門性の高い内容を読み手に正確に伝えるために、研究対象領域と学術英語の専門知識を持つ校正者が英語文章を磨き上げるサービスです。エナゴの英文校正サービスの強みの一つは、英文校正・英文校閲・英語校正を2名以上で提供する校正の体制にあります。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":544,"question":"エナゴにはどのような種類の英文校正サービスがあるのか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴの主要な英文校正サービスには下記の3つがあります。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e・英文の正確性と一貫性を高める「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/normal-editing\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eノーマル英文校正\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」\u003cbr\u003e・言語面に加えて論旨や構成を改善する一番人気の「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/advanced-editing\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eアドバンス英文校正\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e(あんしん保証付き)」\u003cbr\u003e・トップジャーナル掲載を目指し、厳選校正者が査読視点で原稿を磨き上げる「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/top-impact-editing\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eトップインパクト英文校正\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e(査読対å¿
370œã‚ªãƒ—ション付き)」\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e詳細なサービス内容の違いは、「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/comparison\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eサービス比較ページ\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」をご覧ください。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":545,"question":"エナゴの英文校正サービスで一番人気のサービスは何か?","answer":"\u003cp\u003e専門分野の知識を持つ英語ネイティブ校正者と、学術英語の知識を持つもう1名の英語ネイティブ校正者、計2名で校正をお届けする「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/advanced-editing\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eアドバンス英文校正サービス\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」が人気です。回数無制限の再校正(あんしん保証)や英文カバーレター執筆が無料で含まれています。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":546,"question":"Enagoの強みと特徴は?","answer":"\u003cp\u003e「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/why-enago\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eエナゴの強み\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」を簡単に申し上げると下記の通りです。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e・専門分野が合致する英語ネイティブ校正者が必ず担当し、2名以上の体制で原稿を精査する厳格な品質管理体制\u003cbr\u003e・2005年の創業以来、世界125か国200万人以上の研究者を支援してきた実績\u003cbr\u003e・英文校正にとどまらず、翻訳や投稿支援、ワークショップ開催などを通じて研究活動を包括的にサポート\u003cbr\u003e・研究者の研究環境を向上させ、日本の科学技術の推進及びイノベーションの創出に貢献するサービスとして、文部科学省の研究支援サービス・パートナーシップ(A-PRAS)認定を受領\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":547,"question":"エナゴではどんな人が英文校正を行うのか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴの英文校正サービスを担当する校正者のほとんどが、「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/editors\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e専門分野の修士号・博士号を取得\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」しています。また、多くの校正者が、BELS (Board of Editors in the Life Sciences) やEASE (European Association of Science Editors) など世界の英文校正者のネットワークに参加・登録しています。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":548,"question":"エナゴの品質管理体制はどうなっているか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴでは、英文校正サービスおよび校正者の品質管理システムと行き届いた苦情対応システムの構築により、「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/quality-iso/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eISO9001:2015品質マネジメントシステムの国際認証\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」を取得、更新し続けています。詳しくは「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/quality/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e品質保証のページ\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」をご覧ください。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eまた納品前には、校正の品質が社内水準を満たしているかどうかを品質管理部門が抜き打ち検査しています。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":549,"question":"エナゴの英文校閲はどんな専門分野に対å¿
370œã—ているか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴの英文校正は、医学・生命科学、化学、工学、物理などの自然科学系分野から、心理学、教育学、経済学をはじめとする社会科学・人文学系分野まで、1,500以上の幅広い専門領域に対応しています。詳しい「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/subjects\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e専門分野一覧\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」も公開しており、お預かりした原稿の内容に合致する専門分野の校正者が担当します。専門用語や分野特有の表現にも適切に対応いたします。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":568,"question":"Enagoが校正した原稿はどんなジャーナルにアクセプトされているか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴが校正した原稿は、Springer Nature、Elsevier、ACS、IOP、Wiley、IEEE、Royal Society of Chemistry、BioMed Central、American Society of Hematologyなど、著名な出版社や学術協会が出版する「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/accepted-papers\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e国際ジャーナルにアクセプト\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」されています。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":550,"question":"英文校正に品質保証制度はあるか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eはい、エナゴでは「英語の質」を保証する「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/quality/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e品質保証制度\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」を設けています。万が一、英語の質が理由で論文がジャーナルにリジェクトされた場合には、責任をもって再校正を行い、条件に応じて返金にも対応いたします。納品原稿にご満足いただけない場合は、回数無制限で再校正を実施。お客様からのご意見は品質管理部門が検証し、原因分析から改善策の実施まで一貫して対応します。研究者の皆様に安心して論文をご投稿いただけるよう、品質体制とサポート体制の両面から原稿の品質を保証しています。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":551,"question":"エナゴの英文校正サービスにはどんな無料サービスが含まれるか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴの英文校正サービスには、例えば下記のような付加価値無料サービスが含まれます。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e・ジャーナルの投稿規程チェックや論文レイアウト調整\u003cbr\u003e・単語数削減\u003cbr\u003e・原稿評価カルテ\u003cbr\u003e・英文校正証明書\u003cbr\u003e・回数無制限再校正(サービスによる)\u003cbr\u003e・査読対応付き回数無制限再校正(サービスによる)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e詳細は、「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/free-services\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e無料付帯サービス一覧\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」あるいは「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/after-sales-service/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eアフターサービス\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」をご確認ください。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":552,"question":"エナゴでは英文校正証明書を発行しているか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eはい、エナゴでは英文校正をご依頼いただいたすべての原稿に対して英文校正証明書を発行しています。ジャーナル投稿時に必要な場合にもご利用いただけます。\u003cbr\u003e英文校正証明書の詳細は、「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/free-services\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e英文校正証明書について\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」をご確認ください。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":553,"question":"エナゴの英文校正にはどのようなアフターサービスがあるか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003e回数無制限でご修正原稿を再校正する「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/unlimited-re-editing\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eあんしん保証\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」、あんしん保証に査読コメント対応と加筆箇所への再校正が加わった「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/revision-support\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e査読対å¿
370œã‚ªãƒ—ション\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」、また担当校正者へのご質問に何度でも無料で回答をご提供する「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/after-sales-free-qa\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e担当校正者Q\u0026amp;A\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」など、初回校正原稿の納品後にご利用いただける各種のアフターサービスをご用意しています。詳細は「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/after-sales-service/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eアフターサービス\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」をご覧ください。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":554,"question":"英文校閲のサンプルはあるか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003e「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/samples\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e英文校正サンプルのページ\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」で、50本以上の英文校正原稿のサンプルファイルを公開しています。また、エナゴの上位サービス「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/top-impact-editing\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eトップインパクト英文校正サービス\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」とエナゴだけのオプションサービス「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/vip-editor\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eVIP校正者パック\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」のページでは、サービス/オプションのサンプルをそれぞれ公開しています。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":555,"question":"エナゴでは論文翻訳も行っているか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003e日本語で書いた論文を専門分野の知識を持つ最大5名の翻訳者・チェッカーが英語ネイティブの目に耐える学術英語に翻訳する、「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/translation\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e論文翻訳・学術翻訳\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」を提供しています。学術論文の翻訳はもちろん、学術書籍や大学のシラバス、専門用語を含む技術文書やマニュアルの翻訳のご依頼も多くいただいています。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":556,"question":"Enagoの投稿支援サービスとは?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴの投稿支援サービスとは、英語論文の作成から投稿、投稿後の再投稿まで、ジャーナルへの論文受理を目指す包括的な支援サービスです。アドバンス英文校正を中心にジャーナル投稿に必要なサポートがつまった2つの「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/publication-support/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e投稿支援パッケージ\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」をはじめとして、投稿先にふさわしい「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/publication-support/journal-selection/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eジャーナルの選定サービス\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」や研究領域の専門家最大3名による「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/publication-support/peer-review/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e論文の事前査読\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」、また、残念ながらリジェクトされてしまった論文の問題点を洗い出し改善、再投稿に向けた論文の書き直しをサポートする「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/publication-support/revise-reject-editing/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eリバイス・リジェクト論文の校正\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」など、必要に応じてお選びいただける単体サービスもご用意しています。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":557,"question":"Enagoの英文校正サービスの料金と納期は?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴの英文校正サービスの料金と納期は、原稿の単語数、ご希望の英文校正サービス(ノーマル/アドバンス/トップインパクト)、そしてお選びいただく納期プランに基づいて決まります。10000単語を1日で納品するノーマル英文校正の校正速度は業界トップクラスのスピードです。また、エナゴなら、週末お急ぎのご依頼に対しても追加料金は発生いたしません。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e具体的な料金の目安や納期プランの詳細については、「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/editing-service-pricing/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e英文校正サービスの料金と納期\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」をご確認ください。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":558,"question":"英文校正の見積もりは無料か?また、原稿が未完成でも概算見積もりを出せるか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eはい、「\u003ca href=\"https://orders.enago.com/jp/Inquiry/32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e英文校正のお見積もり\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」は完全無料です。原稿をアップロードいただければ、英単語数を正確にカウントし、ご希望のサービス内容と納期プランに基づいて「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/editing-service-pricing/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e料金と納期\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」をご案内します。通常、1時間以内にお見積もりをお届けしており、PDF形式でダウンロードいただけます。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eまだ原稿が完成していない場合でも、単語数をご入力いただければ概算料金をその場でご確認いただけます。正式な料金と納品予定日は、最終原稿を確認したうえで確定いたします。ご事情やご要望があれば、お見積もりフォームにご記載ください。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":559,"question":"エナゴでは最低注文金額や単語数を設定しているか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eエナゴでは最低注文金額や最低注文単語数の制限は設けていません。アブストラクトや原稿の一部など、少量の英文校正・英文校閲にもお気軽のご利用いただけます。料金は単語数・ご希望の英文校正サービス・納期プランに基づいて算出されますので、詳細はお見積もり時にご確認ください。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":560,"question":"エナゴでは見積書・納品書・請求書の発行に対応しているか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eはい、科研費を始めとする公費や運営費交付金でのお支払いに必要な見積書・納品書・請求書の発行に対応しています。英文校正のお見積りご依頼時には「\u003ca href=\"https://orders.enago.com/jp/Inquiry/32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eお見積り・ご依頼フォーム\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」で、また、校正原稿の納品後には「\u003ca href=\"https://accounts.enago.com/Account/Login?ReturnUrl=L2Nvbm5lY3QvYXV0aG9yaXplL2NhbGxiYWNrP2NsaWVudF9pZD13ZWJmb3JtJnJlc3BvbnNlX3R5cGU9Y29kZSZyZWRpcmVjdF91cmk9aHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZteS5lbmFnby5jb20lMkZNb2R1bGVzJTJGU2VhcmNoJTJGU2VhcmNoLmFzcHgmc2NvcGU9b3BlbmlkJTIwYXBpMSZzdGF0ZT1iYTQ0NWU3MzRiNDk0Nzc5YmJkM2U3MTdlNTRmOTYxNyZ1aV9sb2NhbGVzPWphLUpQJmJyYW5kPWVuYWdvJmVudGl0eWlkPTEmSWRlbnRpZmllckNvZGU9SmFwYW5CMkMmQXBwbGljYXRpb25JRD0xJmxvZ2luX3ZpZXc9MQ%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eお客様専用アカウントのマイページ\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」で、各種書類の書式や宛名、日付などをご要望に応じて設定いただけます。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eまた、領収書の発行にも対応しており、マイページよりダウンロードいただけます。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":561,"question":"エナゴへの支払い方法は?","answer":"\u003cp\u003e銀行振込やクレジットカード決済など、複数のお支払い方法よりお選びいただけます。ご所属機関の規定に応じたお支払いにã
370‚‚対応いたします。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eお支払いの流れや詳細な決済方法については、「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/payment-process/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eお支払い方法・手続きの詳細\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」をご確認ください。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":562,"question":"エナゴの営業時間は?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eメールでのお問い合わせには年中無休で回答し、お見積もりはいつでも1時間以内にご案内しています。お電話でのお問い合わせは月曜日~土曜日10:00~19:00、03-4580-9713までどうぞ。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":563,"question":"エナゴは土日も営業しているか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eはい、土日や祝日もエナゴは24時間年中無休で営業し、いつでも1時間以内にお見積もりをご案内しています。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":564,"question":"英文校正は週末や日曜の納品にも対応しているか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003e通常、日曜日は英文校正の作業日数にカウントされませんが、お急ぎのお客様にはカスタマイズした作業工程を組み、日曜日の納品も行っています。「\u003ca href=\"https://orders.enago.com/jp/Inquiry/32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eお見積もり・ご依頼フォーム\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」でご希望の納品日と日時をご選択ください。なお、エナゴなら、週末お急ぎのご依頼に対しても追加料金は一切発生しません。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":565,"question":"AIを使って作成した論文も英文校正してもらえるか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003eはい、AIを使って作成・補助した原稿でもエナゴの英文校正をご依頼いただけます。AI使用後の原稿に特におすすめの校正サービスはこちらです:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e・AI原稿の最終確認に適した「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/ai-english-editing\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eAIプラス英文校正サービス\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」\u003cbr\u003e・英文の読みやすさと一貫性を保証する「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/normal-editing\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eノーマル英文校正サービス\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e近年、生成AIを活用して論文を作成するケースも増えていますが、AIの出力には不自然な表現や専門用語の誤用、論旨の曖昧さが含まれる場合があります。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eエナゴでは、専門分野に合致する英語ネイティブ校正者が原稿を精査し、学術英語として自然で正確な表現へと整えます。また、投稿先ジャーナルのAI利用規程にも配慮しながら、安心して投稿できる英文へ仕上げます。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":566,"question":"論文に含まれる図表や画像内の英文も校正してもらえるか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003e論文に附随する図や表も、文字を編集できるWordやExcel、PowerPoint形式でご提供いただければ、論文との表現の統一性を確保しながら英文校正をご提供いたします。英文校正のお見積りご依頼時には、対象原稿として複数のファイルをアップロードいただけます。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null},{"id":567,"question":"グラフィカルアブストラクトの提出必要になったが作成してもらえるか?","answer":"\u003cp\u003e「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/publication-support/research-promotion-support/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eエナゴの研究プロモーションサポート\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」で、「\u003ca href=\"https://www.enago.jp/publication-support/graphical-abstract/\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eグラフィカルアブストラクト作成サービス\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e」をご提供しています。研究分野の知識を持つ担当者による情報整理と監修により、美しくかつ科学的に正しい内容のグラフィック資料を作成します。\u003c/p\u003e","link":null}],"service_section":{"id":3,"position":null,"alignment":null,"promo_height":null,"promot_width":null,"showPromoBanner":null,"promo_url":null,"promo_openintab":null,"showMobileBanner":null,"cardtitile":{"id":197,"title":"英文校正・英文校閲サービスや\u003cbr\u003e研究支援サービスを、専門家複数体制で"},"carddescription":{"id":19,"description":null,"rtedescription":"\u003cdiv class=\"raw-html-embed\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\n        研究論文の英文校正・英文校閲・英語校正や学術翻訳、ジャーナル投稿支援、\n        \u003cbr\u003e\n        そして査読対å¿
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370!」と(笑)。それでも、どうにか名古屋大学に進学できました。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"left","block_media":{"id":3032,"name":"dr.masukawa-1.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":380,"height":285,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_dr.masukawa-1.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_dr_masukawa_1_4c7daf9057","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":208,"height":156,"size":9.6,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_dr_masukawa_1_4c7daf9057.jpg"}},"hash":"dr_masukawa_1_4c7daf9057","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":24.86,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/dr_masukawa_1_4c7daf9057.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-06T10:08:00.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-06T10:08:00.000Z"}},{"id":114,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e大学院の入試のときも、英語は白紙で出したんですよ。それでも合格したのは、上田良二という先生が、合否判定会議のときに「語学は入ってから勉強すればいい。これで入学を一年遅らせる必要はない」と援護してくれていたらしい。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":48,"section_heading":"作戦成功のはずが・・・「益川!」とコンとたたかれ","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e学部の教養課程ではドイツ語もありました。ある先生が、「君たちは理科系だから自然科学に近い方がいいだろう」と言って、エンゲルスの『自然弁証法』をテキストに選んだ。版権がすでに切れている、だいたい100年以上前の文献ですね。名作だから、翻訳が手に入る。ぼくは、試験の前に翻訳を読んで、ストーリーだけ頭に入れておいた。そうすると、試験に出れば多少の単語は知っているから、つないで作文をすればどうにかなる。それをやったの。そしたら、課題には無かった文章を余分に書きすぎてしまった。それで、翻訳をこっそり見ていたことがバレて、先生に答案を返されるときに、「益川!」と頭をコンとたたかれた。外国語は苦痛でしかなく、こうやっていつも逃げ道を探していました。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":49,"section_heading":"自分で書いた英語論文は博士論文のみ","block_content":"\u003cp\u003eぼくが英語で論文を書いたのは博士論文だけ。先輩諸氏に真っ赤になるぐらい直してもらいました。「何が言いたいんだ、日本語で言ってみろ」と言われて説明すると、上手な先生は、ぼくが使った英語で順番を入れ替えて直してくださる。しかし、別の先生は大幅に直しすぎて、ぼくの伝えたい意味から離れてしまうこともありました。人によって、英文添削のさじ加減って全然違うのだということを知りました。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"right","block_media":{"id":3033,"name":"dr.masukawa-2.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":198,"height":300,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_dr.masukawa-2.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_dr_masukawa_2_56487a9036","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":103,"height":156,"size":5.01,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_dr_masukawa_2_56487a9036.jpg"}},"hash":"dr_masukawa_2_56487a9036","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":13.3,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/dr_masukawa_2_56487a9036.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-06T10:10:01.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-06T10:10:01.000Z"}},{"id":127,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003eその後、「この人なら任せられる」という共同研究者を見つけて、英語論文を書いてもらっています。ぼくが日本語で下書きをして、それを英訳してもらうわけです。ぼくがこれまでに発表した論文は40本弱で、決して多産ã
370§ã¯ã‚りません。ノーベル賞受賞対象となった論文は、書いたのが1972年、雑誌に掲載されたのが1973年の2月でした(タイトルはCP-Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction)。ぼくが日本語で下書きをして、小林誠くんが英文にしました。そしたら、ぼくの渡した原稿より半分ぐらいの長さになってしまった。「これはいらん」「これはいらん」とはしょられちゃった。CP-Violationは、日本語で「対称性の破れ」として知られるようになりましたが、研究者の間では通常、「symmetry breaking」と言っています。英語ですね。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":null,"block_media":null},{"id":50,"section_heading":"益川流英文読解は「漢文方式」で、行間も読む","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e他者の書いた英語論文は、自分で読みます。日本語に訳してもらったりはしません。訳してもらっていては間に合わないですから。物理の論文については、出てくる単語はわかるので、あとは日本語と英語の文法の違いを補正すれば文章がわかります。ぼくのコツとしては、漢文を読むように「返り点」をつけて、確認しながら読む。このやり方だと、サッと通読する人に比べて、行間を読んだり、「これはなんのために言うのか」などと考えながら読んだりするから、同僚より正確に、深く読めますよ。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e英語で読むのはもっぱら論文です。小説は読みません。長編小説なんか大嫌い。歴史大河小説など、主人公の三代前から物語が始まって、さらに主人公のおじいちゃんの生き様が語られ、ようやく主人公が登場し・・・って、そんなことは3行でまとめてほしい(笑)。長編小説を読む味わい方を知らない。芥川龍之介の作品は97%ぐらいまで読みましたが、それは起承転結がはっきりしているから。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":51,"section_heading":"国際会議の質疑応答で脱兎のごとく逃げた","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e研究者になってから、英語をしゃべらなければならない機会が何回かありました。一番おもしろかったのは、1978年、東京で開催された素粒子物理の千人規模の国際会議で、ぼくも発表があって、しゃべる内容を共同研究者と相談して文章にしました。問題は質疑応答です。想定問答集はいちおう考えたけれど、自分のプレゼンが終わったとたんに、質問を待つまでもなく、さっさと降壇した。だって、質問が出たら困るじゃない(爆笑)。ぼくは逃げたよ。脱兎のごとく。みんな笑っていましたね。英語ができなくて困ったことはあまりないけれど、国際会議のときは困りました。ぼくが国際会議で発表したのは、このときを含めて3回だけです。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"left","block_media":{"id":3040,"name":"dr.masukawa-3.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":254,"height":300,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_dr.masukawa-3.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_dr_masukawa_3_fcceea62d7","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":132,"height":156,"size":6.32,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_dr_masukawa_3_fcceea62d7.jpg"}},"hash":"dr_masukawa_3_fcceea62d7","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":17.16,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/dr_masukawa_3_fcceea62d7.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-06T10:12:55.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-06T10:12:55.000Z"}},{"id":116,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003eぼくはノーベル賞授賞式のときが初めての海外渡航で、留学経験もありません。われわれの時代は就職難で、日本で職が得られないから海外へ渡る研究者も多かったですが、ぼくはなんとか国内で採用してもらって、事なきを得ました。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e英語はしゃべれるに越したことはないけど、なんとかなるもんです。読むことができれば、なんとか生きていけます。わたしはそれで生きてきたから。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":52,"section_heading":"物理ですかがら、きちっとすべきところは数式で書けばいい","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e海外の研究者と情報交換すべきときは、必ず通訳者が同伴していますので、困ることはありません。懇親会などでも誰かが隣に来て助けてくれます。ぼくが英語をしゃべれないことは、今やたいへん有名になっていますから(笑)。物理は、いちばんきちっとしなければならないところは数式で書けばいいのですから、ランゲージというのはそんなに重要な役割をしていない。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eぼくの学生時代には、クイーンズイングリッシュでなければ英語でないというような雰囲気があったけれど、最近はインドなまりだろうが何なまりだろうが、みんな平気でしゃべっとるね。英語は国際化したね。戦前まã
370§ã¯ãƒ‰ã‚¤ãƒ„語がけっこう幅を効かせていたけれど、今は英語が国際共通語になっちゃった。これだけ国際化が進めば、意思の疎通をするのに共通語が必要ですから、抗いようがないですね。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e最近は日本の学生さんにとっても英語が身近になっていて、自然に、上手にしゃべります。クイーンズイングリッシュである必要はないから、堂々とジャパニーズイングリッシュを話せばいい。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":53,"section_heading":null,"block_content":null,"bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":{"id":3039,"name":"dr.masukawa-4.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":735,"height":300,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_dr.masukawa-4.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_dr_masukawa_4_5b76a6c39a","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":245,"height":100,"size":8.3,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_dr_masukawa_4_5b76a6c39a.jpg"},"small":{"name":"small_dr.masukawa-4.jpg","hash":"small_dr_masukawa_4_5b76a6c39a","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":500,"height":204,"size":25.66,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/small_dr_masukawa_4_5b76a6c39a.jpg"}},"hash":"dr_masukawa_4_5b76a6c39a","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":48.16,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/dr_masukawa_4_5b76a6c39a.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-06T10:12:28.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-06T10:12:28.000Z"}},{"id":54,"section_heading":"もう一回人生があったら研究したい「意識」の問題","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e言葉というのは概念です。漠然と形にならないモヤモヤしたものを言葉にすることによって、抽象的な概念が目に見える形で形成されます。だから言葉は重要です。ただ、言葉の意味は文化的背景などによって異なる場合がありますね。新聞のコラムで読んだ興味深い例があります。日本の法律家の先生がイギリスに留学した際に、高卒の若い秘書に、「先生の文章はロジカルでない」と言われたのだそうです。先生はショックを受けたわけですが、そもそも「ロジカルでない」という言葉の意味が違います。英語では、ロジカルというと「すっと頭に入る、わかりやすいこと」を言いますが、法律家のいうロジカルな文章とは、どこから読んでも誤解が生じないような文章という意味です。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e一方、こうした概念を作り出す人間の「意識」についてはまだほとんどわかっていません。人間の頭の中の動きは、コンピュータとは明らかに違うやり方をしていますね。例えば、コンピュータにおいて「足」という情報の解釈を行うとして、それはプログラムが行うものですから、コンピュータが日本にあってもアメリカにあっても、研究室でも、極端な話をいえば台所に置いてあっても、どこでも同じです。しかし、人間にとって「足」という概念は、足から伝わってきた神経を受容する脳のある場所で形成されるに違いないと、ぼくは考えています。つるつるしたリンゴを触ったなら、その皮膚の感覚を受容する脳内の場所があって、そこで概念が作られる。どこでも持ち運び可能なコンピュータと違って、身体の中のその場所、脳の中のその場所にあることに、なにか意味があるのではないかと、ぼくは勝手に想像しています。もう一回人生があったら、「理論脳科学」ともいうべき領域で、このような「意識」の問題を研究してみたいなと思います。年をとると会議などで時間が細切れになります。だから今はぼちぼちやっています。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eもう一度ノーベル賞をとったら英語で講演?いや、こうなったら一生、日本語で押し通します(笑)。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null}],"imglink":{"id":2907,"name":"2_7396289d1f_b6d02596b3.jpg","alternativeText":"粒子理論の専門家 - 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370¾ãšã¯é£›è¡Œæ©ŸãŒè½ã¡ãªã„ようにって(笑)。飛行機は墜落すると思って35歳まで怖くて乗れなかった。それまでは東京出張も全部電車でしたからね。英語は「どうにでもなる」というやけっぱちです。会社の資金援助があって徳島の有名な英会話学校に通いましたが無駄でした。アメリカに着いて、経由地のアトランタ空港のアナウンスもまったく聞き取れなくて、搭乗時間が過ぎても呼び出されないからおかしいなと思ってゲートに行ったら「もう飛行機のドア閉まったよ!」(笑)。それくらい英語は全然わからなかったです。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"left","block_media":{"id":2999,"name":"photo_p1naka.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":356,"height":470,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_photo_p1naka.png","hash":"thumbnail_photo_p1naka_e2bf14e49e","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":118,"height":156,"size":35.01,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_photo_p1naka_e2bf14e49e.png"}},"hash":"photo_p1naka_e2bf14e49e","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":70.88,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/photo_p1naka_e2bf14e49e.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-02T05:04:51.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-02T05:04:51.000Z"}},{"id":41,"section_heading":"あほにしたあいつらを見返してやる","block_content":"\u003cp\u003eフロリダ大学に1年間留学しました。留学時代はつらかった。私は修士号しか持っていなかったので、周囲の研究員にあほにされましてね。仕方ない、そういう世界です。科学の世界では、博士号を持っていない人は科学者ではなくてエンジニア(技術者)なんです。つまり、学部卒・修士卒は「お助けする人」。月収も倍以上違います。博士課程の学生と教師だけで寄り集まっていたし、裏方扱いの私はディスカッションに呼んでもらえなくて、いつもカヤの外で黙々と研究するだけでした。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e留学で得たのは、悔しさ。絶対に博士号を取ってやろうと。博士を取ってフロリダの学生を見返してやる。あほにされたんであいつらを見返してやろうと思いました。見返してやるというより、同レベルの科学者になってやるということ。それが研究の原動力になりましたね。当時博士号を取るためには英語論文を4,5本書く必要があったã
370®ã§ã€æ—¥æœ¬ã«å¸°ã£ãŸã‚‰å¿…ず英語論文を書いて博士号を取ろうと誓いました。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":42,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e帰国後、悔しさをばねにして猛然と英語論文を書き始めました。職場の日亜化学工業では社員の論文執筆活動を禁止していたので、隠れて書きました。私が初めて自力で書いた英語論文は、青色発光ダイオードの開発を可能にしたツーフローMOCVDの装置についての論文です。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e実験すると複数のデータが出ます。データには何の連関性も見出せない。ばらばらなデータをいかにつなぎ合わせて1つのストーリーを作るか、論文のよしあしはこれに尽きます。スマートな人はね、どんなデータが出ようが、カーブの線を描くような無理のないストーリーをうまく作るわけです。私はこれが得意なんですよ。だから私は英語論文にはそれほど苦労していないと思いますよ。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e社内ではおおっぴらに論文が書けなかったので、平日の5日間でデータを集めて、データからストーリーを考えて、土曜日曜で一気に書きました。書き始めると早くて5,6時間で書いちゃう。自分の中で熱いうちにストーリーを一気に吐き出したいので、文法も単語もでたらめです。この手の論文では、英語が重要ではないと私は思いますよ。といって、最初に書いた3本の英語論文は、投稿したら全部あっさり落とされました。なぜかって?「英語がまずい」だって(笑)。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"top","block_media":{"id":3029,"name":"dr.nakamura_led.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":735,"height":281,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_dr.nakamura_led.png","hash":"thumbnail_dr_nakamura_led_03222b1100","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":245,"height":94,"size":13.49,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_dr_nakamura_led_03222b1100.png"},"small":{"name":"small_dr.nakamura_led.png","hash":"small_dr_nakamura_led_03222b1100","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":500,"height":191,"size":47.39,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/small_dr_nakamura_led_03222b1100.png"}},"hash":"dr_nakamura_led_03222b1100","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":34.62,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/dr_nakamura_led_03222b1100.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-06T08:54:40.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-06T08:54:40.000Z"}},{"id":11,"section_heading":"46歳、英語での初講義は気絶寸前","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e―世界で初めて青色発光ダイオードの開発に成功した翌年、40歳で念願の博士号を取得。社内でより高いポストを得た中村氏は一方で、自分が現場にいなくとも部下を監督・指示するだけで研究が進むという状況に物足りなさを感じ始めていた。「一人で好きなだけ研究に打ち込める環境がもはや会社にはない」。その頃、カリフォルニア大学から教授職のオファーが届く。未知の大陸。大学で教えるというまるで新しい仕事。中村氏は迷った末に渡米を決断する。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eカリフォルニアに渡る前夜、とにかく嫌だったのは英語の講義ですよ。緊張して気絶しそうでした。私は20年間会社員だったから、学生相手に講義したことがないうえ、博士課程を経験していない論文博士です。日本で講義するのでさえも緊張するだろうに、ましてやそれがアメリカで、博士課程で、しかも英語でしょ。最初の講義の思い出は…まずい講義やったなぁ(笑)。とにかく英語がまずいって落ち込みましたよね。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"right","block_media":{"id":3083,"name":"dr.nakamura-2.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":354,"height":528,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_dr.nakamura-2.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_dr_nakamura_2_a63a7a50d2","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":105,"height":156,"size":4.64,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_dr_nakamura_2_a63a7a50d2.jpg"},"small":{"name":"small_dr.nakamura-2.jpg","hash":"small_dr_nakamura_2_a63a7a50d2","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":335,"height":500,"size":28.65,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/small_dr_nakamura_2_a63a7a50d2.jpg"}},"hash":"dr_nakamura_2_a63a7a50d2","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":31.45,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/dr_nakamura_2_a63a7a50d2.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-08T06:39:43.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-08T06:39:43.000Z"}},{"id":12,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e英語の上達のためなら何でもやりました。大学内にある英会話学校にも行こうかなと思った。でも、時間がないとは言い訳にならないけれども、英語より研究が大事だし、講義の準備や研究と並行して通学するのは無理だと思ったんです。そもそも赴任したのが46歳。その歳から語学を始めるのは無理ですって!\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e私は英語の志はもう捨てました。もちろん、英語ネイティブに生まれなかったことを恨みもします。しゃべりが不得意ですから、極端に言えば社会に溶け込めずに「引きこもり」にもなります。実際、ここの生活になじむまでに家族みんながノイローゼみたいな時期もありました。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":45,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e私は今でも、アメリカ人同士のディスカッションには加われない。彼らがわぁーっと好き勝手しゃべると、正直お手上げです。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e日本人が英語社会で引きこもりになるのは珍しいことでã
370¯ã‚りません。実際、私の知っている研究室で、アメリカ人学生と日本人学生のグループが対立している例もあります。アメリカ人学生は集めたデータを持ち寄ってディスカッションしたいのに、日本人学生は英語に自信がないから尻込みする。アメリカ人はその態度を「あいつらデータを隠して見せようとしない」と感じるわけです。それでお互いの気持ちが通じずにいがみ合っている。まさに英語の壁です。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e私も経験があるから引きこもりになる気持ちはわかるし、英語社会で生きる心のつらさは精神分裂になってもおかしくないと想像しますが、こんな貧困な英語力では、世界を舞台にしたサイエンスなんてできるわけがない。つくづく日本の理系学生は日本語を捨てるくらいの覚悟で英語をやらなければ、日本のサイエンスは今後どんどん国際レベルから立ち遅れていくでしょうね。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":13,"section_heading":"学生の喜ぶ講義をしたい","block_content":"\u003cp\u003eカリフォルニア大学に来て早7年。英語もどうにか自分の中で折り合いをつけたし、実際どうにかなっています。英語よりも今考えなければいけないのは「講義の質」というテーマです。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eアメリカでは学生が講義を逆採点するシステムがあって、教師の評価がそれで決まります。学生がみんなテストで100点満点を取れば、満足度も上がって講義に対する評価も上がるけれど、満点を取らせようとすると、私は講義を易しくして質を落とさざるを得なくなる。一方で、みんなが落第点を取るような難しい講義だと、自分への評価もシビアになって最低最悪。つまり、講義の質を落としたらダメ、でも難しい講義をしてもダメ。「学生の喜ぶような」講義をする必要があるんです。手作りのテキストを配ったり工夫はしていますが、どういう講義をすれば学生は喜ぶのか。講義を充実させるにはどうするか?\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"left","block_media":{"id":3030,"name":"drnakamura-1.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":323,"height":425,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_drnakamura-1.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_drnakamura_1_958dfbaec6","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":119,"height":156,"size":4.58,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_drnakamura_1_958dfbaec6.jpg"}},"hash":"drnakamura_1_958dfbaec6","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":18.27,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/drnakamura_1_958dfbaec6.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-06T09:00:55.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-06T09:00:55.000Z"}},{"id":44,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e採点項目は100以上もあって、中には「英語の質」という項目もあるんですよ。結果?見ないようにしていますよ!(笑) 英語に対する評価はあきらめています。赴任当初は英語をいかにうまく話すかということが問題だったけれど、今の悩みはもっと高い次元に移行しました。英語のよしあしなんて些末なことは「なるようになれ」。それよりも、実のある講義をしたい。ようやくそういう心境になりました。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(2007å¹´8月31日、カリフォルニア大学サンタバーバラ校 中村氏研究室にて)\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":46,"section_heading":null,"block_content":null,"bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null}],"imglink":{"id":2908,"name":"researcher_1_44652be206.jpg","alternativeText":"電子工学の専門家 - 英文校正","caption":"","width":184,"height":174,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_researcher_1_44652be206.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_researcher_1_44652be206_89dde56bcd","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":165,"height":156,"size":5.36,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_researcher_1_44652be206_89dde56bcd.jpg"}},"hash":"researcher_1_44652be206_89dde56bcd","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":6.05,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/researcher_1_44652be206_89dde56bcd.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-06-24T11:33:22.000Z","updated_at":"2025-07-14T12:27:35.000Z"},"interview_categories":[]},{"id":6,"label":"トップ研究者の英語体験談","name":"養老孟司氏","designation":"東京大学名誉教授","speciality":"解剖学
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370width":81,"height":156,"size":30.81,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_photo_para1_ac87c6f4c9.png"}},"hash":"photo_para1_ac87c6f4c9","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":35.18,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/photo_para1_ac87c6f4c9.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-02T05:25:02.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-02T05:25:02.000Z"}},{"id":27,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e中学校は、母と姉のすすめもあって、カトリック系の栄光学園に進みました。中学で僕が英語を習ったのは、ドイツ人でしょ、アイルランド人でしょ、ベルギー人でしょ、体操の先生はチェコ人だった。当時としては極端にインターナショナル。英語の授業は、日本語の一切ない英語だけで書かれた教科書を使って、ほとんど英語だけで進められました。難しい単語がそのまま出てくるから、それを辞書で引きながら。外国語の教え方としてはきわめてオーソドックスでしたけど、今から考えると中学校の英語教育にしては特殊だよね。\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e僕は、あんまり語学は好きではなかった。でも、「This is a pen」レベルの小学校から、中学校に入ってみると授業は全部英語でしょ、まわりは外国人だらけでしょ、それで日本人の英語の発音がダメだって気づきましたから、もうちょっとしゃべれるようにしたいと思って、英語のスピーチ部に所属しました。そこもずいぶん正統的な教え方をして、シェークスピアの戯曲とか、「人民の、人民による、人民のための政治」というリンカーンのゲティスバーグ演説とかを暗記させるの。それで人前でしゃべらせるの。フレーズを覚えて、復唱して、脳に定着させるという、語学にもっとも適したやり方です。これが、僕と英語との初対面です。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":2,"section_heading":"もうね、英語なんてばかやろうと思うんですよ(笑)","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e初めて書いた英語論文は、\u003cu\u003e40年前に書いた博士論文\u003c/u\u003eです。ニワトリの胚を使って、皮膚の発生の研究をしました。そのときに、普通とは違うのかもしれないけど、「頭から英語で」考えました。つまり、最初から英語で書く。絶対に日本語で下書きしたりしない。これは今でもそうです。初めての英語論文での苦労といえば、とにかく時間がかかった。昔はインターネットもありませんから、英文を書くには、ほかの文献を読むしかない。自分の言いたいことに近いことを言っている箇所にぶつかるまで探して、そこから表現を拾ってくるんです。「これを言うのに英語ではこういう表現をするのか」と、英語の書物を読んでいてハッとすることがあるでしょ。それにぶつかるまで探す。それ以外は、自分の知っている表現の範囲で書かざるをえない。書きたいことは心の中にあるのに言語表現ができないから、もどかしいですよ。まるで子供です。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"right","block_media":{"id":2993,"name":"photo_para2.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":220,"height":348,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_photo_para2.png","hash":"thumbnail_photo_para2_59b4040121","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":99,"height":156,"size":42.7,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_photo_para2_59b4040121.png"}},"hash":"photo_para2_59b4040121","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":47.9,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/photo_para2_59b4040121.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-02T04:24:16.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-02T04:24:16.000Z"}},{"id":3,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003eそれから、言葉って意地悪くてねえ、さんざん苦労して書いたのが、こんなまどろっこしく言わなくても、実はこういう表現をすりゃ簡単なんだと、ある日知ることがある。そうすると、いったん論文を作り上げても、当時はタイプライターですから、何度も頭から直すことになるんですよ。これが大変だった。もうね、英語なんてばかやろうと思うんですよ(笑)。英語論文を書き上げるには、今の何十倍の苦労と時間がかかりました。僕、2稿目の英語論文を書いたとき、レフェリーから「これはネイティブの英語だろ」って言われたんですよ。つまり、「本人が自分で書いてないだろ」って言うの。「(日本人が)こんな英語を書けるはずがない」って(笑)。違うんですよ。文献から表現を探し、何度も書き直し、タイプライターで何度も打ち直す。同じことを何度も何度も繰り返しやったから、書くたびに上手になっていったんです。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":4,"section_heading":null,"block_content":null,"bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":{"id":2994,"name":"photo_para3.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":735,"height":266,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_photo_para3.png","hash":"thumbnail_photo_para3_e96cccbffb","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":245,"height":89,"size":54.56,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_photo_para3_e96cccbffb.png"},"small":{"name":"small_photo_para3.png","hash":"small_photo_para3_e96cccbffb","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":500,"height":181,"size":212.26,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/small_photo_para3_e96cccbffb.png"}},"hash":"photo_para3_e96cccbffb","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":91.22,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/photo_para3_e96cccbffb.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-02T04:25:06.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-02T04:25:06.000Z"}},{"id":5,"section_heading":"日本には「言葉にならぬ感情」ってあるでしょ? 英語には、ない。","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e東京大学の助教授をやっていた34歳のとき、オーストラリアのメルボルン大学に1年間留学しました。そのころはもう完全に英語の脳になっていたから、寝言も英語だったと思う。留学に向けて特別な英語の学習は、とくにしていない。僕の英語は中学高校の教育のみ、あとは英語論文を書いただけ。学校教育だけで十分だっていう珍しい人でしょ?(笑)もちろん、英語論文のネイティブチェックはやってもらいましたよ。だって自信なかったから。当時は、外国人の知り合いに頼みました。でも、直された記憶はほとんどありません。\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eオーストラリア留学時代に英語で苦労した思い出といえば、強いオーストラリア訛りくらいです。あいつら、A(エイ)のこと“アイ”って発音するんだもん。「Will you come here today(トゥデイ)?」っていうところを、みなさんニコニコして「Will you come here to die(トゥ ダイ)?」ですから。僕は、絶対にオーストラリア訛りには染まらなかった。ところがある日、幼稚園に通う娘がお絵かきしているとき「お前、何してるんだ?」って聞くと、「パイント(paint)」って(笑)。子供は順応性が高いなと。\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e留学時代の論文執筆は、共著が多かったです。自分の担当の章を書くときに、英語圏の共同著者に「こういうことがうまく英語で書けないんだけど」って相談したことがありました。その人、何て言ったと思う?「英語で書けないことはない」だって。つまり、「英語で表現できないことはない。言えないなら、最初から無いんだよ、それは」。日本人はそうは思わない。日本には「言うに言われぬ」とか「筆舌に尽くしがたい」とかさ、「言葉にならない感情」ってものがあるでしょ。一方、彼らは「言葉にしなければ通じないでしょ、通じないことは無視していいでしょ」という考え方。だから、国際会議に行くと、以心伝心の国の日本人は黙っているんだよã€
370‚欧米人にしてみれば、「言わなきゃわからないじゃない!」の一言で終わりですよ。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":6,"section_heading":" なぜ日本人には 「英語の壁」 があるのか?","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e脳の話から言えば、日本人が英語を学ぶっていうのは、極端に大変な話なんです。「重」という漢字を書いて、「これを何と読む?」と聞かれたら、日本人なら答えられないですよ。「おもい」「じゅう」「かさねる」「しげ」……。英語圏の人は、一単語につき一音の世界に暮らしていますから、この概念を理解できない。卒中などで脳の一部が壊れると、文字が読めなくなる「読字障害」が出ることがあります。英語圏の人はまったく文字が読めなくなるけど、日本人の場合、漢字が読めない人とカナが読めない人の二通りに分かれます。日本人の脳の中で「漢字を読む部位」と「カナを読む部位」が別々だからです。\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eカナを読んで、意味を生起して、漢字に変換する日本語の読み書きというのは、脳の2ヶ所を使っていて、きわめて特殊で世界でも珍しいんです。ちなみに、英語圏の人が使っているのは「カナを読む部位」のみ。「漢字を読む部位」は、日本人以外はほとんど使わない。つまり、日本人にはカナを漢字に変換する構造がもともと脳の中に備わってあるから、26の音の組み合わせで成立する英語の世界は、学びにくいんですよ。日本人の英語がだめだとか言う前に、日本語とは何だ、英語とどこが違うんだということを理解したうえで議論してほしいと思います。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"left","block_media":{"id":3010,"name":"photo_para4.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":287,"height":583,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_photo_para4.png","hash":"thumbnail_photo_para4_831dcee241","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":77,"height":156,"size":35.5,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_photo_para4_831dcee241.png"},"small":{"name":"small_photo_para4.png","hash":"small_photo_para4_831dcee241","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":246,"height":500,"size":351.49,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/small_photo_para4_831dcee241.png"}},"hash":"photo_para4_831dcee241","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":120.6,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/photo_para4_831dcee241.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-02T05:30:43.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-02T05:30:43.000Z"}},{"id":28,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e英語論文でも、英語と日本語の文化の違いからさかのぼらなくてはいけない。英語論文を書くときに、僕が二つの言語の性質の差を感じるのは、英語の文章を書くためには、日本語で記述するときとは違った部分を観察しなければいけないということ。僕が日本語の頭で観察するでしょ、観察が終わったと思って、今度は英語で書くでしょ、すると、途端にわからなくなって、現物に戻って見直すということがあるんです。なぜなら、英語の文章になるためには、ここが抜けていたら文章にならんというのがあるんですよ。主語が典型的にそう。日本語だったら、主語を省略することだってできる。でも英語では、「はて、主語は何だったっけ」と確認しなければいけない。\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e英語だと、その手のあいまいさが許されないときがある。たとえば、日本語で「ここにこういうものがある」と書く場合、英語では「何と何との間にこれはある」といった文章にしないと、英語としては不完全になってくるんです。英語は、観察を強制し、具体性を求める性質をもつ言語なんですよ。だから、英語で論文を書くときは、日本語で書くときとは違った脳を使わなくてはいけない。日本語の論文をそのまま翻訳したら英語の論文として使えるかというと、そういうわけではない。だから、非英語圏の研究者にとって、英語の壁はものすごいハンデですよ。英語を自国語として仕事をできる人の、単純に2倍の時間と労力が必要なんだから。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":7,"section_heading":" 英語論文なんてアホらしいことは絶対やめた","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e僕はね、そんなこんなで英語論文を10年くらい続けて、こんなアホらしいことは絶対やめたと思った。同じことやるのに、日本語だったらはるかに速いですから。しかも、はるかにちゃんとした文章を書けるんだから。本来の仕事のクオリティーを保ちながら、英文のレベルを高いところまで持っていくことは、非ネイティブにはほとんど不可能だなぁと思って、僕はあるとき英語で書くのをやめちゃった。それに、たとえ英語の正確な文章を書くことができても、相手がそれをどう受け取るか、僕らにはわからない。厳密にものを伝えようとしたとき、やはり第二言語の限度がありますよ。そしてまた、日本の学会ってのが変な理屈を持っていてね。英語で書かなきゃ論文じゃねえとか言うから、僕はあえてそこから外れた。論文投稿もまた、レベルの高いジャーナルでなきゃいけないとか、ここに載れば一流だとか、僕はそういうのも嫌いだから、単行本にした。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"right","block_media":{"id":2996,"name":"photo_para5.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":239,"height":316,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_photo_para5.png","hash":"thumbnail_photo_para5_88a8d3771a","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":118,"height":156,"size":52.98,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_photo_para5_88a8d3771a.png"}},"hash":"photo_para5_88a8d3771a","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":48.85,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/photo_para5_88a8d3771a.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-02T04:27:59.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-02T04:27:59.000Z"}},{"id":40,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e最近よく言われますよ、なぜ英語で書かないんだと。「めんどくせえ」っていうの(笑)。英語にしたって、お前らどうせ読まないんだ。それよりも、日本語でよくわかるように書くのにえらい時間がかかっているってことに、気がつかないんだよね。言いたいことをよりよく伝えるために、何度も何度も頭の中で、実は繰り返し書いているんですよ。英語は僕にとって、あくまでも手段であって、目的ではない。行くべきすてきなパーティーがなければ、靴ばかり磨いたって仕方ない。僕の考えていることが人に伝わればいい。それが本当に必要であれば、そのうち自然に英語になるでしょう。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e(2007å¹´8月4日、8月8日 鎌倉・養老孟司氏宅にて)\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null}],"imglink":{"id":3077,"name":"dr.yoro-thumbnail.jpg","alternativeText":"解剖学の専門家 - 英文校正","caption":"","width":157,"height":157,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_dr.yoro-thumbnail.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_dr_yoro_thumbnail_5fae6335bb","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":156,"height":156,"size":6.45,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_dr_yoro_thumbnail_5fae6335bb.jpg"}},"hash":"dr_yoro_thumbnail_5fae6335bb","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":6.41,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/dr_yoro_thumbnail_5fae6335bb.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-07T15:00:13.000Z","updated_at":"2025-07-14T12:29:56.000Z"},"interview_categories":[]},{"id":7,"label":"トップ研究者の英語体験談","name":"上野千鶴子氏","designation":"東京大学大学院教授","speciality":"女性学、ジェンダー研究","description":"「英語には本気で泣いた」\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e「私は英語圏で勝負するのを断念した」","link":"https://www.enago.jp/drueno/","showInHome":true,"published_at":"2024-08-02T05:19:44.000Z","created_at":"2024-08-02T05:19:39.000Z","updated_at":"2026-01-08T07:33:08.000Z","slug":"drueno","interview":true,"seo":{"id":137,"metatitle":"上野千鶴子×英文校正エナゴ・トップ研究者インタビュー","metadescription":"英文校正エナゴが上野千鶴子氏を独占インタビュー。”彼女に勝てる論客はいない”と評される論争の名手、上野千鶴子・東京大学教授。武器である日本語を取り上げられた米国での留学生活を振り返り、ベストな英語上達法や、グローバル時代の日本人研究者のありかたについて語ります。","metakeyword":"上野千鶴子氏,上野千鶴子,英文校正,英語論文校正,英文校閲,上野千鶴子,インタビュー,ネイティブチェック,アカデミックライティング, 国際学会,上野千鶴子 東大教授,上野千鶴子氏,上野千鶴子,大学教授 インタビュー,教授 論文 英語,東京大学 上野千鶴子,英語論文 海外大学レベル 上達法,上野千鶴子氏,上野千鶴子","slug":null,"canonical":null,"noindex":true,"nofollow":true,"ogvideolink":null,"schemaentry":null,"langTags":null,"ogtitle":null,"ogdescription":null,"ogsitename":null,"breadcrumbitems":[{"id":210,"title":"ホーム","slug":"/"},{"id":211,"title":"トップ研究者インタビュー","slug":"/interviews/"},{"id":212,"title":"上野千鶴子氏インタビュー","slug":null}],"ogimage":{"id":2854,"name":"enago-header-logo.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":175,"height":51,"formats":null,"hash":"enago_header_logo_b01a035ba0","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":4.96,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/enago_header_logo_b01a035ba0.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-06-14T08:45:43.000Z","updated_at":"2024-06-14T09:03:59.000Z"}},"interviewbanner":{"id":3,"position":"top","description":"\u003cp\u003e「彼女に勝てる論客がいない」と評される論争の名手、上野千鶴子・東京大学教授。古くはアグネス論争、記憶に新しいところでは、ジェンダーフリー論争まで、上野教授はいつも論争の中心にいて、大胆な発言と、高速スピードで的確に繰り出されることばで周囲を圧倒する。上野教授に論争術を学びにタレントが師事したことも話題になった(「東大で上野千鶴子にケンカを学ぶ」筑摩書房)。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e上野教授は、30代前半にアメリカで2年間の留学生活を送った経験を持つ。「日本語のケンカなら負けない」と自ら語る教授は、武器である日本語を取り上げられたアメリカでの2年間を、どのように英語に親しんで過ごしたã
370®ã‹ï¼Ÿã€€è‹±èªžã®ã‚±ãƒ³ã‚«ã§ã‚‚負けないのだろうか? \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e現代最強の日本語の論客と「異国のことば」との関係を知りたくてインタビューを申し込むと、「英語には本当に泣かされたので、この苦労を語りたい」と理由を添えて、取材を快諾してくださった。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-align:right;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e取材・構成=古屋裕子(クリムゾンインタラクティブ) 写真=太田拓実\u003c/p\u003e","title":null,"image":{"id":3047,"name":"drueno-top.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":735,"height":408,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_drueno-top.png","hash":"thumbnail_drueno_top_15640413bb","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":245,"height":136,"size":92.81,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_drueno_top_15640413bb.png"},"small":{"name":"small_drueno-top.png","hash":"small_drueno_top_15640413bb","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","width":500,"height":278,"size":375.12,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/small_drueno_top_15640413bb.png"}},"hash":"drueno_top_15640413bb","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":161.26,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/drueno_top_15640413bb.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-06T11:25:14.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-06T11:25:14.000Z"},"bannerimage":{"id":2979,"name":"banner_background.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":1520,"height":881,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_banner{_background.png","hash":"thumbnail_banner_background_cdb9b173f1","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
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370,"small":{"name":"small_dr.ueno-1.jpg","hash":"small_dr_ueno_1_6265ce08c7","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":314,"height":500,"size":24.01,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/small_dr_ueno_1_6265ce08c7.jpg"}},"hash":"dr_ueno_1_6265ce08c7","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":25.5,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/dr_ueno_1_6265ce08c7.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-06T11:38:41.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-06T11:38:41.000Z"}},{"id":113,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e留学当時、私は学生ではなく、すでにオトナでした。大学教員であり、研究者でした。学者の世界は慇懃無礼で、誰も私に向かって英語の欠陥をあからさまに指摘したり、英語表現を直したりアドバイスしたりはしません。また、学者は外国人の英語に慣れているし、忍耐強く耳を傾けて、英語を理解しようと努力してくれます。アカデミックコミュニティの中で過ごすほうが、テクニカルタームを含めて限られたボキャブラリーで会話が成り立つからラクなんです。しかし、ひとたび街に一歩出たら、市井の人は誰もそんな扱いをしてくれません。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":16,"section_heading":"自分をさらけ出すしか上達する道はない","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e英語の上達法としては、もう仕方ないから、腹をくくって自分をさらけ出すだけ。まわりを見ていると女の子のほうが比較的早くうまくなりますね。男性より女性のほうが概して大胆で、さらけ出しの度合いが高いし、一人で行動するし、ボーイフレンドができる。私もざっくばらんな性格で、自分をさらけ出すことに対するメンタルブロックが低く、アメリカ人に「どうしたらチズコみたいにそんなにオープンになれるんだ」と、よく言われました。開き直ってしまえば、あとは赤ん坊と同じで「口移し」。相手の言う通りに真似して言う。これしか外国語がうまくなる方法はありません。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e英語のカセットテープを繰り返し聴くとか、ラジオ放送で英語の勉強などということは絶対にやりませんでした。私は目的も意味もないことは大嫌いで、必要もないのに日本にいるあいだにそんな努力をしたことは一切ありません。とにかく現場で、プールの中に突然たたき落とされて、アップアップもがきながら必死に泳ごうとする、ということしかできないです。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"left","block_media":{"id":3080,"name":"image 3.png","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":325,"height":351,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_image 3.png","hash":"thumbnail_image_3_ceb6140be9","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","
370width":144,"height":156,"size":66.32,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_image_3_ceb6140be9.png"}},"hash":"image_3_ceb6140be9","ext":".png","mime":"image/png","size":193.68,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/image_3_ceb6140be9.png","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-08T05:22:51.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-08T05:22:51.000Z"}},{"id":112,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(51,51,51);\"\u003e留学1年目は英語に泣かされましたが、1年目の終わり頃、友達と電話越しに、くだらないことをたらたらと英語でしゃべって、何時間しゃべっても疲れを感じなくなったことに気づいたとき、ストーンと天井が抜けた体験をしました。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":18,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":{"id":3007,"name":"ueno_p3a.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":731,"height":261,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_ueno_p3a.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_ueno_p3a_9c8a3638e7","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":245,"height":87,"size":5.84,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_ueno_p3a_9c8a3638e7.jpg"},"small":{"name":"small_ueno_p3a.jpg","hash":"small_ueno_p3a_9c8a3638e7","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":500,"height":179,"size":16.41,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/small_ueno_p3a_9c8a3638e7.jpg"}},"hash":"ueno_p3a_9c8a3638e7","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":27.54,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ueno_p3a_9c8a3638e7.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-02T05:19:29.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-02T05:19:29.000Z"}},{"id":19,"section_heading":"アメリカの学生の会話レベルの低さに苛立ち","block_content":"\u003cp\u003eアメリカでは、師事したいと願っていた人類学者、メアリー・ダグラスのいるノースウエスタン大学の人類学部へ留学しました。最初にクラスルームに参加したとき、みんな底抜けにアクティブで、ワーッとしゃべって止まらない。最初は「おおー!アメリカの学生はすごいなあ。活発だな」と思ったんです。でも、1ヶ月くらい過ぎてようやく耳が慣れてきて、みんな何を話しているんだろうと思ったら、「おまえ、いま授業聞いていただろ?」と思うような、非常にレベルの低いことを、非常に活発にしゃべっていることがわかってきました。\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e私はだんだん腹立たしくなった。このように水準の低い議論で教室が成り立っているんだったら、悪いけど、私は日本にいたときのほうが、もっとレベルの高いオーディエンスと付き合っていたよと思いました。研究者は、コミュニケーションとフィードバックがないと、自分のアイデアを鍛えられません。とくに私のような社会学者の武器は言語しかありませんから、たとえどんなに英語が達者にできたところで、この水準のオーディエンスとやり取りするんだったら、ここにいるのは時間の無駄だと思い、自分で交渉して所属大学を変え、ノースウェスタン大学からシカゴ大学へ移りました。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":20,"section_heading":"英語の壁を越えられず、 戦線撤退を決断","block_content":"\u003cp\u003eシカゴ大学には、全米各地から有名無名の研究者が招かれてスピーチする「マンデー・コロキアム」という公開講演会があります。講演会と称しつつ、これが大学の空きポストの教員採用試験になっています。スピーチに呼ぶ大学側も、呼ばれるスピーカーのほうも、この場が一種のテストだということを知っているので真剣勝負。容赦のない舌戦が繰り広げられるんです。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eスピーチが終わるとディスカッションがあり、そのあとの質問タイムも壮絶。大学院生や若手研究者が、先輩格のスピーカーの揚げ足を取るような意地の悪い質問をする。いかに相手のスキをつくか、虎視眈々と狙って。そういうときに、一流の研究者は、真正面から受けてロジカルに答える場合もあれば、フェイントをかけたり、逆襲したり、わざと答えなかったりとか、様々なレトリカルな対応を使います。それが、一流の学者は本当にうまい。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"right","block_media":{"id":3081,"name":"ueno_p4.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":300,"height":365,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_ueno_p4.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_ueno_p4_c9e47df2ee","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":128,"height":156,"size":5.12,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_ueno_p4_c9e47df2ee.jpg"}},"hash":"ueno_p4_c9e47df2ee","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":17.08,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ueno_p4_c9e47df2ee.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-08T05:25:54.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-08T05:25:54.000Z"}},{"id":21,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003eマンデー・コロキアムでの丁々発止のやり取りを間近で見ていて、私はつくづく感じました。これは、英語では太刀打ちできないって。一流の学者と場を共にして発言するとき、デリバー(伝える)の能力の差がきわ立ってくるんです。数学のような普遍言語のある学問であれば話は別かもしれませんが、社会科学や人文科学は、アイデアが優れているとかコンセプトがいいというだけでは十分ではない。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e一流かそうでないかの差は、言語的なパフォーマンスのデリバリーの能力の差なんです。アイディアを伝達するときには、ロジックに加えてオーラルプレゼンテーションのレトリックが不可欠。そのスキルは、正面突破だけでなく、フェイント、からめ手、ごまかし、言い逃れ…そういうものの集合です。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eアメリカに留学し、一級の研究者のそばにいて、私にはいやというほどわかりました。私にはそのスキルが持てない。持てないことを痛感したから、私はギブアップしました。私は英語圏で勝負するのを断念した。私は日本語については自分の言語能力の高さに自信を持っていますから、日本語だったら絶対に負けないのにという思いがあるから悔しかったし、英語のネイãƒ
370†ã‚£ãƒ–に生まれたというだけで圧倒的に有利な立場に立っている彼らが、それはうらやましかった。非母国語で勝負することがどれほど大きなハンデなのかということを切実に感じました。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":23,"section_heading":"これからの日本人研究者の存在意義","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e現在のアカデミックマーケットにおける英語化という意味でのグローバリゼーションは、まるで地すべりや地殻変動のようです。短期間で劇的に起きていて、誰にもコントロールできないし、抵抗しようがありません。私がアメリカに留学した70年代は、今とは全く状況が違っていました。日本の社会科学のアカデミックマーケットは国内市場で自足していて、逆に言うとその分、閉鎖性も高かった。日本の社会科学は長い間「輸入学問」で、「ヨコのものをタテにする代理店ビジネス」と呼ばれていました。ひたすらウェーバーやパーソンズなどの「大会社」と「代理店契約」を結んで、ウェーバリアンとかパーソニアンなどと呼ばれて、つまり外国語文献を読んで、解釈して、専門家でございますという顔をしていれば、それだけでおまんまが食べられました。しかし、欧米のキャッチアップに励む時代はとっくに終わりました。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"right","block_media":{"id":3005,"name":"ueno_p5b1.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":360,"height":220,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_ueno_p5b1.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_ueno_p5b1_6b39df7824","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":245,"height":150,"size":7.98,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_ueno_p5b1_6b39df7824.jpg"}},"hash":"ueno_p5b1_6b39df7824","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":13.45,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ueno_p5b1_6b39df7824.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-02T05:16:39.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-02T05:16:39.000Z"}},{"id":24,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e私の現在の研究テーマは介護ですが、日本の介護保険制度は、実はいま世界中が注目する研究対象です。ドイツがモデルだと言われていますが、日本はドイツとも違う、世界のどこにも類例のない制度を作り、2000年からスタートして8年たちました。この8年間の経験には、世界に他に比較するもののないユニークな情報の蓄積があります。一昔前なら、たとえばイギリスの社会保障政策とか、アメリカの介護労働者問題などを研究するだけで学問として成立したかもしれませんが、今日では、日本ローカルな独自の状況を世界に発信することにこそ、グローバルな意味があります。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e日本にも、日本のオリジナルな経験の中から生まれたオリジナルな研究成果が出てきています。しかし、残念ながら研究者に英語の情報発信力がない。英語で発信しなければ、誰も聞いてくれません。どれだけ業績があっても、グローバルには「存在しないNon-existent」も同然です。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"left","block_media":{"id":3082,"name":"ueno_p5b2.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":370,"height":490,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_ueno_p5b2.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_ueno_p5b2_41f8941ecf","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":118,"height":156,"size":5.06,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_ueno_p5b2_41f8941ecf.jpg"}},"hash":"ueno_p5b2_41f8941ecf","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":26.04,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ueno_p5b2_41f8941ecf.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-08T05:27:48.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-08T05:27:48.000Z"}},{"id":25,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);color:rgb(51,51,51);\"\u003e私は、教壇で「バイリンガルになりなさい」と学生に教えています。私は英語圏で勝負することから撤退したけれど、それは、英語を放棄したということとは全く違います。バイリンガルになることは、これからの時代の研究者にとっては必須の生存戦略です。生き延びるためには、強いられた言語を使うほかない。そうでなければ世界の他の地域の人たちに理解されず、存在しないに等しいのですから。英語に屈したと見せかけて、その言語を逆手にとって、日本のオリジナルな経験に基づくオリジナルな研究を発表し、これまで誰も知らなかった現実や世界を構築していくことにこそ、私たちが恐ろしいほど膨大な時間と労力をかけて英語を学ぶ意義があるのではないでしょうか。そしてこれを行わない限り、今後、日本人研究者の存在意義は失われると思います。\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null}
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370‹ã£ãŸã‚‰æ­»ã¬ãã‚‰ã„の覚悟がぼくにはあったので、英語も練習しました。言葉なんていうのは、そういうものじゃないですか。生き抜くためにあるようなものです。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":56,"section_heading":"伝統的に日本が強いロボットの世界","block_content":"\u003cp\u003eちょっとだけ得なのは、ロボットの世界は出来上がったモノを見せれば結果がおのずとわかるので、他の分野よりはあまり英語力を必要としません。心理学や認知科学の国際会議に行くとほとんど日本人がいませんが、ロボットの世界は伝統的に日本が強く、アメリカの学会に行っても日本人が3割ぐらいを占めています。努力してモノをつくれば英語がうまく話せなくても書けなくても、日本人が認められやすい分野だと言えます。その点はありがたかったけれど、どちらかというとぼくはロボットを使った心理学のような領域に入ったので、そうはいかない部分があります。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e最初の国際学会での発表はもちろん緊張しました。しかし、指導教官がものすごく厳しい人で、教官と接するのに日頃その何倍もドキドキしていたものですから、「月一回うちの先生としゃべるよりはるかに楽だ」と思えたのはよかったですね(笑)。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e最初の頃は、原稿を書いて丸覚えして捨てるというのを繰り返しました。書いて覚えて見ないでしゃべるというのを何十回と繰り返して、自然に出るようになるわけです。それをやらないと絶対無理です。論文執筆に関しては、共同研究者や担当教官に添削してもらい、口語英語とは異なる論文英語を徐々に身につけました。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":57,"section_heading":"感情を乗せて「怒る」トレーニング","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e1998年から1年間のアメリカ滞在で、ぼくのフランス語訛りの英語がアメリカ英語に修正されたという感じです。共同研究者によって訛りが変わるのがおもしろかったですね。担当教授はインド訛りが強く、最初は言っていることが7割ほどしかわかりませんでしたが、3カ月ぐらいで慣れました。3カ月目で英語の夢も見るようになりました。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eあるとき、出来の悪い学生を叱る場面で、ある「発見」をしました。感情的になるというのは、考える間もなく瞬時に言葉にしなければならないので、それが良い言語のトレーニングになるということです。帰国後、教授になったぼくは、日常的に英語を使う毎日を過ごしました。というのも、一緒に働いた外国人スタッフが、英語しか話さなかったのです。そして、時にはその外国人スタッフを怒らなければならない場面があるわけで、大人を怒るというのは難しくて相当気を遣いました。学生を怒るのとはレベルが違います。より感情を言葉に乗せて、本気で、もっと怒るわけです。ロジカルに説明しつつも感情を乗せないと、相手に怒っているということが伝わりません。「わたしはほんとに怒っている、なにに対して怒っている」というのを英語できちんと伝えるには、訓練が必要です。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"left","block_media":{"id":3038,"name":"ishiguro_p2_left.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":300,"height":552,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_ishiguro_p2_left.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_ishiguro_p2_left_dffd478e40","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":85,"height":156,"size":4.51,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_ishiguro_p2_left_dffd478e40.jpg"}
370,"small":{"name":"small_ishiguro_p2_left.jpg","hash":"small_ishiguro_p2_left_dffd478e40","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":272,"height":500,"size":30.17,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/small_ishiguro_p2_left_dffd478e40.jpg"}},"hash":"ishiguro_p2_left_dffd478e40","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":36.97,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/ishiguro_p2_left_dffd478e40.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-06T10:10:25.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-06T10:10:25.000Z"}},{"id":123,"section_heading":null,"block_content":"\u003cp\u003eぼくはもともと怒れないタイプでしたが、あえて「感情を乗せて怒る」という訓練をしました。学生を怒るときに、とりあえず教壇を蹴飛ばして部屋を出てみたら自分でも高揚したので、「お、これが怒るってことなのか」と。学生がへらへらした発表をしたときに「ちょっと待て」と言うと、静かになって気まずくなり、さらに「どういうことや」「なんで笑っとるんや」と言ってしばらく間をおくと、さらに空気が張り詰めて緊張感と高揚感が出てくるわけです。「あ、なるほどこれが怒るということで、怒られるということなんだな」と気づきました。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e死ぬほど怖いと言われますよ、計算ずくでこちらは怒ってますから。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":58,"section_heading":"ああ俺も英語上手になったな、と思った瞬間","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e英語で感情を乗せて怒るときに、Wellとか、You knowなどの、間投詞や間をつなぐ言葉をどれだけ自然に使いこなすかで迫力が違います。「まさに今、俺はおまえのことを考えて怒るんだぞ」ということが伝わるような、自分のスタイルを確立する必要があります。ぼくは発音には比較的こだわります。なぜなら、外国人を泣かそうと思ったら、きちんと発音しなければ伝わりません。「あんたの言ってることがわからない」と言われた瞬間に終わってしまいますので。rとlは今でも意識しますし、fやv などの摩擦音にもかなり注意しています。ぼくの発音はわりときれいなほうだと思いますよ。「わかりやすい」と言われます。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e言葉が出てこないことはときどきありますが、怒っている最中に辞書ひけないですからね(笑)。毎日が勝負ですから、あのときああいえばよかったというのは反省して、練習するわけです。だんだん上手になってくると外国人スタッフの男がぼくの前でボロボロ泣くようになって、ああ俺も英語上手になったなと思ったんです。大抵の研究者は論理で返してきますが、こちらが感情を乗せつつ、言い逃れができないようにきっちり論理で詰めてしゃべると、泣くしかなくなってしまう。ディベートはゴールではないとそのとき思いました。ディベートはロジックで勝ったら終わりますが、その先にある「感情で訴える」というのはもっと重要な技術なのだと思いました。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":59,"section_heading":"役者気分になるので、そのときは悦に入ります","block_content":"\u003cp\u003eぼくの場合、取材を受けることがとても多く、それもトレーニングになります。すべて通訳なしで対応しますので、きれいに話さないと伝わらないし、短く的確に伝えなければならないので、取材そのものが緊張感のある訓練になっています。BBCやディスカバリーチャンネルなどが映画並みの映像を撮影してくれるような場合は、ちょっと役者気分になるので、そのときは少し悦に入ります。演技をする気分になり、どうしゃべるとかっこいいかとかいうのがなんとなくわかります。たとえば映画俳優の話し方を思い出して、そういう感じでしゃべろうと思ったりします。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e取材スタッフには比較的よく英語をほめられます。「どこで勉強した?」と聞かれますが,特別に習った訳ではない。ぼくは自己暗示がかけられる人間なので、「決めたら出来る」んですよ。こうやらないといけないと決めたら、やらないことのほうが苦痛なので、いやいやということがない。思い込みが激しいとも言えます。苦労と言えば、ラジオや電話のインタビューで、インタビュアーのイギリス訛りやオーストラリア訛りが強いときはつらいですね。単語ひとつわからないとあとが崩れるような感覚には驚きましたが、これもだんだんと慣れるものです。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":60,"section_heading":"「存在感」はfeeling of presenceではない","block_content":"\u003cp\u003eロボットの研究をしていると日本独特の概念というのがあって、それが英語にはないものがたくさんあります。例えば、わびさびはlonelinessではない。でも、多くの人がそういうところに興味があるので日本の文化とロボットの文化と重ね合わせていろいろな話をしますが、日本にしかない概念を英語で説明するのはもどかしいですね。ぼくは人間の持つ存在感の本質を理解して工学に応用することを目指していますが、この「存在感」は、外国にはない言葉です。たぶん、feeling of presenceではない。「人間らしさ」にあたる言葉もありません。「心」はmindとheartの使い分けが必要です。要するに日本語でしかできない哲学というのがあるわけです。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eアカデミアの世界において英語ができなければ研究発表もできないので、そういう意味では英語が必要です。しかし、英語でわびさびの研究はできないわけで、その言語が持っている得意な部分というのがあるんですね。だから、グローバル化の時代だからといって日本語をなくしていいとはまったく思わない。フランス語だとかドイツ語だとか、あらゆるローカルな言語は絶対に残さなければなりません。すべてを英語が吸収できるわけではなくて、チャンポンでいいと考えています。ぼくは、日本語と英語の両方ができてよかったなã
370¨æ€ã„ます。英語しかできなかったら「存在感」なんて思いもよらないのですから。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":124,"section_heading":null,"block_content":null,"bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":{"id":3069,"name":"dr.ishiguro-1.jpg","alternativeText":"","caption":"","width":735,"height":300,"formats":{"thumbnail":{"name":"thumbnail_dr.ishiguro-1.jpg","hash":"thumbnail_dr_ishiguro_1_48b7959327","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":245,"height":100,"size":8.74,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/thumbnail_dr_ishiguro_1_48b7959327.jpg"},"small":{"name":"small_dr.ishiguro-1.jpg","hash":"small_dr_ishiguro_1_48b7959327","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","width":500,"height":204,"size":26.4,"path":null,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/small_dr_ishiguro_1_48b7959327.jpg"}},"hash":"dr_ishiguro_1_48b7959327","ext":".jpg","mime":"image/jpeg","size":47.87,"url":"https://cdn.enago.jp/uploads/dr_ishiguro_1_48b7959327.jpg","previewUrl":null,"provider":"local","provider_metadata":null,"created_at":"2024-08-07T07:38:58.000Z","updated_at":"2024-08-07T07:38:58.000Z"}},{"id":62,"section_heading":"「なんだコイツ」と思うぐらい話すようになったスタッフ","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e大阪大学のぼくの研究室は留学生が20人ぐらいいるので、普段のミーティングは半分英語です。皆が普通に英語を話しますし、海外から来客があれば学生も対応します。英語しか話せない人かいれば、周りは自然に英語を話すようになるものです。大学をグローバル化したければ、外国人を呼ぶことに尽きると思います。ぼく自身もたまたまそういう環境だったから、比較的よく話せるようになったのです。最初は英語が全く話せなくて、怖くて毎日冷や汗をかいていたスタッフも、毎日英語で議論していたら1年で普通に話すようになりました。そのスタッフはいまや、ぼくと2人でインタビューを受けていても、「なんだコイツ」と思うぐらいに、どんどんぼくの代わりにしゃべるようになりました。日本人は9年間英語を勉強してきているのですから、環境さえあれば皆そのようになります。ぼくの研究室では外国でロボットのデモンストレーションをする機会が多いので、英語が話せようが話せまいがスタッフや学生に担当をさせます。そうすると皆必死になります。外国のお客さんを相手に3日3晩しゃべり続けると、むちゃくちゃ英語が上達しますね。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e今の学生はなんだかんだいって英語を聞く機会が増えているので、昔よりははるかにプレッシャーはないですよ。環境の問題だけです。机の上での勉強が早いか、環境が早いか、でしょ。環境がないのに勉強したってモチベーションはわきませんから。放っておけばよいというのがぼくの持論です。言葉なんていうのは必要に応じて勉強するものだから。ただ、英語を身につけておいたほうが職種の幅が広がるということはあります。\u003c/p\u003e","bg_color":null,"media_alignment":"bottom","block_media":null},{"id":63,"section_heading":"対話ロボットによる語学学習を5年後に実用化","block_content":"\u003cp\u003e2015å¹´1月に公開した卓上サイズの社会的対話ロボットCommU(コミュー)とSota(ソータ)をご覧になったことがあるでしょうか(\u003ca href=\"https://www.vstone.co.jp/products/sota/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ehttps://www.vstone.co.jp/products/sota/\u003c/a\u003e)。これらは、科学技術振興機構(JST)の戦略的創造研究推進事業・総括実施型研究(ERATO)「石黒共生ヒューマンロボットインタラクションプロジェクト」において大阪大学とヴィストン株式会社が開発した新しいロボットです。ロボット同士の対話に人間が参加することで「対話感」を覚えることが出来るのが最大の特徴で、今後、人間の生活環境における情報提供・生活支援・コミュニケーション支援・学習支援に役立てるためのソフトウェア開発を進めていきます。なかでも、ぼくは語学学習にロボットの一番大きな役割があると思っています。対話相手は簡単に見つからないし、練習しようと思っても恥ずかしいじゃないですか。でもロボットだったら延々と練習できるんですよ。音声認識の精度も向上してきたã
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