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1</head><body class="min-h-screen flex flex-col"> <section class="flex flex-1 flex-col justify-between pb-10"><div class="fixed w-full z-20 top-0 left-0 border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 shadow-md"><nav class="fixed top-0 left-0 right-0 z-50 transition-all duration-200 bg-slate-50"><div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8"><div class="flex justify-between h-16"><div class="flex-shrink-0 flex items-center"><a class="flex items-center gap-2" href="/"><img src="/ip8.svg" alt="IP8 Logo" class="h-8 w-auto"/></a></div><div class="hidden md:flex md:items-center md:space-x-4"><ul class="flex space-x-1"><li class="relative group"><a data-test="home-button" class="px-4 py-2 rounded-md text-base font-medium flex items-center gap-1 transition-colors duration-150 text-gray-900 hover:text-blue-600" href="/">Home</a></li><li class="relative group"><div data-test="ip-tools-button" class="px-4 py-2 rounded-md text-base font-medium flex items-center gap-1 transition-colors duration-150 text-gray-900 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aria-hidden="true"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button></div></div><div class="py-2"><div class="flex justify-between items-center"><div class="text-gray-900 cursor-pointer hover:text-blue-600 font-medium block px-3 py-2 text-base flex items-center gap-2">Tools</div><button class="p-2 text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-900 focus:outline-none"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down h-5 w-5 transform transition-transform duration-200" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button></div></div><div class="py-2"><div class="flex justify-between items-center"><div class="text-gray-900 cursor-pointer hover:text-blue-600 font-medium block px-3 py-2 text-base flex items-center gap-2">Intelligence</div><button class="p-2 text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-900 focus:outline-none"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-down h-5 w-5 transform transition-transform duration-200" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m6 9 6 6 6-6"></path></svg></button></div></div><a data-test="login-button" class="text-gray-900 hover:text-blue-600 font-medium block px-3 py-2 text-base flex items-center gap-2" href="/authentication"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-log-in h-5 w-5" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m10 17 5-5-5-5"></path><path d="M15 12H3"></path><path d="M15 3h4a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-4"></path></svg>Sign In</a></div></div></div></nav></div><main class="mt-20 w-full max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8"><!--$?--><template id="B:0"></template><div class="animate-pulse bg-gray-100 px-4 md:px-8 py-4 md:py-12 rounded-lg mt-8"><div class="grid grid-cols-5 md:flex-row gap-8"><div class="col-span-5 md:col-span-3 flex flex-col gap-4 md:gap-8"><div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row gap-2 items-center justify-between"><div class="text-gray-700 text-xl">My IP Address is</div><div class="flex gap-2 w-full md:w-auto items-center"><div class="h-5 w-24 bg-gray-200 rounded-full"></div> /<div class="h-5 w-24 bg-gray-200 rounded-full"></div></div></div><div class="bg-gray-50 p-1 md:p-2 flex justify-between items-center"><div class="flex items-start md:items-center gap-0 md:gap-2 flex-col md:flex-row"><span>IPv4:</span><span class="text-2xl md:text-3xl text-black font-bold"><div role="status" class="flex justify-center"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="text-gray-200 animate-spin w-6 h-6 fill-blue-600" viewB
1ox="0 0 100 101" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M100 50.5908C100 78.2051 77.6142 100.591 50 100.591C22.3858 100.591 0 78.2051 0 50.5908C0 22.9766 22.3858 0.59082 50 0.59082C77.6142 0.59082 100 22.9766 100 50.5908ZM9.08144 50.5908C9.08144 73.1895 27.4013 91.5094 50 91.5094C72.5987 91.5094 90.9186 73.1895 90.9186 50.5908C90.9186 27.9921 72.5987 9.67226 50 9.67226C27.4013 9.67226 9.08144 27.9921 9.08144 50.5908Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M93.9676 39.0409C96.393 38.4038 97.8624 35.9116 97.0079 33.5539C95.2932 28.8227 92.871 24.3692 89.8167 20.348C85.8452 15.1192 80.8826 10.7238 75.2124 7.41289C69.5422 4.10194 63.2754 1.94025 56.7698 1.05124C51.7666 0.367541 46.6976 0.446843 41.7345 1.27873C39.2613 1.69328 37.813 4.19778 38.4501 6.62326C39.0873 9.04874 41.5694 10.4717 44.0505 10.1071C47.8511 9.54855 51.7191 9.52689 55.5402 10.0491C60.8642 10.7766 65.9928 12.5457 70.6331 15.2552C75.2735 17.9648 79.3347 21.5619 82.5849 25.841C84.9175 28.9121 86.7997 32.2913 88.1811 35.8758C89.083 38.2158 91.5421 39.6781 93.9676 39.0409Z" fill="currentFill"></path></svg><span class="sr-only">Loading...</span></div></span></div></div><div class="bg-gray-50 p-1 md:p-2 flex justify-between items-center"><div class="flex items-start md:items-center gap-0 md:gap-2 flex-col md:flex-row"><span>IPv6:</span><span class="text-sm lg:text-base xl:text-xl text-black font-semibold"><div role="status" class="flex justify-center"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="text-gray-200 animate-spin w-6 h-6 fill-blue-600" viewBox="0 0 100 101" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M100 50.5908C100 78.2051 77.6142 100.591 50 100.591C22.3858 100.591 0 78.2051 0 50.5908C0 22.9766 22.3858 0.59082 50 0.59082C77.6142 0.59082 100 22.9766 100 50.5908ZM9.08144 50.5908C9.08144 73.1895 27.4013 91.5094 50 91.5094C72.5987 91.5094 90.9186 73.1895 90.9186 50.5908C90.9186 27.9921 72.5987 9.67226 50 9.67226C27.4013 9.67226 9.08144 27.9921 9.08144 50.5908Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M93.9676 39.0409C96.393 38.4038 97.8624 35.9116 97.0079 33.5539C95.2932 28.8227 92.871 24.3692 89.8167 20.348C85.8452 15.1192 80.8826 10.7238 75.2124 7.41289C69.5422 4.10194 63.2754 1.94025 56.7698 1.05124C51.7666 0.367541 46.6976 0.446843 41.7345 1.27873C39.2613 1.69328 37.813 4.19778 38.4501 6.62326C39.0873 9.04874 41.5694 10.4717 44.0505 10.1071C47.8511 9.54855 51.7191 9.52689 55.5402 10.0491C60.8642 10.7766 65.9928 12.5457 70.6331 15.2552C75.2735 17.9648 79.3347 21.5619 82.5849 25.841C84.9175 28.9121 86.7997 32.2913 88.1811 35.8758C89.083 38.2158 91.5421 39.6781 93.9676 39.0409Z" fill="currentFill"></path></svg><span class="sr-only">Loading...</span></div></span></div></div><div class="bg-gray-50 p-1 md:p-2 flex justify-between items-center"><div class="flex items-start md:items-center gap-0 md:gap-2 flex-col md:flex-row"><span>DNS:</span><span class="text-sm lg:text-base xl:text-xl text-black font-semibold"><div role="status" class="flex justify-center"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="text-gray-200 animate-spin w-6 h-6 fill-blue-600" viewBox="0 0 100 101" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M100 50.5908C100 78.2051 77.6142 100.591 50 100.591C22.3858 100.591 0 78.2051 0 50.5908C0 22.9766 22.3858 0.59082 50 0.59082C77.6142 0.59082 100 22.9766 100 50.5908ZM9.08144 50.5908C9.08144 73.1895 27.4013 91.5094 50 91.5094C72.5987 91.5094 90.9186 73.1895 90.9186 50.5908C90.9186 27.9921 72.5987 9.67226 50 9.67226C27.4013 9.67226 9.08144 27.9921 9.08144 50.5908Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M93.9676 39.0409C96.393 38.4038 97.8624 35.9116 97.0079 33.5539C95.2932 28.8227 92.871 24.3692 89.8167 20.348C85.8452 15.1192 80.8826 10.7238 75.2124 7.41289C69.5422 4.10194 63.2754 1.94025 56.7698 1.05124C51.7666 0.367541 46.6976 0.446843 41.7345 1.27873C39.2613 1.69328 37.813 4.19778 38.4501 6.62326C39.0873 9.04874 41.5694 10.4717 44.0505 10.1071C47.8511 9.54855 51.7191 9.52689 55.5402 10.0491C60.8642 10.7766 65.9928 12.5457 70.6331 15.2552C75.2735 17.9648 79.3347 21.5619 82.5849 25.841C84.9175 28.9121 86.7997 32.2913 88.1811 35.8758C89.083 38.2158 91.5421 39.6781 93.9676 39.0409Z" fill="currentFill"></path></svg><span class="sr-only">Loading...</span></div></span></div></div><div class="flex w-full"><button class="flex w-full justify-center items-center gap-1 py-3 px-5 bg-blue-500 text-white rounded-2xl md:rounded-full" data-test="dns-leak-test-button">Privacy Index</button></div></div><div class="google-map-code col-span-5 md:col-span-2"><div role="status" class="space-y-8 animate-pulse md:space-y-0 md:space-x-8 rtl:space-x-reverse md:flex md:items-center g-map"><div class="flex items-center justify-center w-full h-full bg-gray-300 rounded "><svg class="w-10 h-10 text-gray-200" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 20 18">
1<path d="M18 0H2a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h16a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V2a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Zm-5.5 4a1.5 1.5 0 1 1 0 3 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3Zm4.376 10.481A1 1 0 0 1 16 15H4a1 1 0 0 1-.895-1.447l3.5-7A1 1 0 0 1 7.468 6a.965.965 0 0 1 .9.5l2.775 4.757 1.546-1.887a1 1 0 0 1 1.618.1l2.541 4a1 1 0 0 1 .028 1.011Z"></path></svg></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-2 gap-8 text-gray-700"><div class="rounded-lg overflow-hidden bg-gray-100 "><h3 class="text-left w-full p-5 text-lg text-blue-500 flex items-center gap-1">IP Address Details</h3><div role="status" class="p-4 space-y-5 divide-y divide-gray-200 rounded shadow animate-pulse"><div class="flex items-center justify-between"><div class="w-32 h-2.5 bg-gray-200 rounded-full"></div><div class="h-2.5 bg-gray-300 rounded-full w-12"></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4"><div class="w-32 h-2.5 bg-gray-200 rounded-full"></div><div class="h-2.5 bg-gray-300 rounded-full w-12"></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4"><div class="w-32 h-2.5 bg-gray-200 rounded-full"></div><div class="h-2.5 bg-gray-300 rounded-full w-12"></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4"><div class="w-32 h-2.5 bg-gray-200 rounded-full"></div><div class="h-2.5 bg-gray-300 rounded-full w-12"></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4"><div class="w-32 h-2.5 bg-gray-200 rounded-full"></div><div class="h-2.5 bg-gray-300 rounded-full w-12"></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4"><div class="w-32 h-2.5 bg-gray-200 rounded-full"></div><div class="h-2.5 bg-gray-300 rounded-full w-12"></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4"><div class="w-32 h-2.5 bg-gray-200 rounded-full"></div><div class="h-2.5 bg-gray-300 rounded-full w-12"></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4"><div class="w-32 h-2.5 bg-gray-200 rounded-full"></div><div class="h-2.5 bg-gray-300 rounded-full w-12"></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4"><div class="w-32 h-2.5 bg-gray-200 rounded-full"></div><div class="h-2.5 bg-gray-300 rounded-full w-12"></div></div><span class="sr-only">Loading...</span></div></div></div><!--/$--></main></section><footer class="bg-gray-900 text-gray-300"><div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 py-8"><div class="flex flex-wrap justify-center items-center gap-x-4 gap-y-2 text-sm"><a class="hover:text-white transition-colors" href="/blog">Blog</a><span class="text-gray-600">|</span><a class="hover:text-white transition-colors" href="/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a><span class="text-gray-600">|</span><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="hover:text-white transition-colors" href="mailto:[email protected]">Contact Us</a><span class="text-gray-600">|</span><a href="https://dnsleaktest.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="hover:text-white transition-colors">DNS Leak Test</a><span class="text-gray-600">|</span><a href="https://cyberchef.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="hover:text-white transition-colors">CyberChef</a><span class="text-gray-600">|</span><a href="https://interdrop.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="hover:text-white transition-colors">InterDrop</a><span class="text-gray-600">|</span><a href="https://ns3.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="hover:text-white transition-colors">NS3</a><span class="text-gray-600">|</span><a href="https://pingmon.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="hover:text-white transition-colors">PingMon</a><span class="text-gray-600">|</span><a href="https://convert24.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="hover:text-white transition-colors">Convert24</a></div><div class="mt-4 text-center text-sm text-gray-400">© <!-- -->2014<!-- --> - <!-- -->2026<!-- --> from ip8.com - a<a href="https://def24.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="font-bold"> <!-- --> DEF24.com <!-- --> </a>Service</div></div></footer> 
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1<div hidden id="S:2"><main class="flex-grow py-16"><div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8"><div class="text-center mb-16"><p class="text-xl text-gray-600">Latest insights, guides, and updates from our team</p></div><div class="grid md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-8"><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/whois-privacy-gdpr"><img src="/blog-img/whois-privacy-gdpr.svg" alt="WHOIS Privacy After GDPR: What&#x27;s Hidden, What Isn&#x27;t" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">WHOIS Privacy After GDPR: What&#x27;s Hidden, What Isn&#x27;t</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">GDPR rewired the WHOIS protocol overnight in 2018 and the registrar industry has been negotiating with itself about how to comply ever since. We walk through what fields actually got redacted, which ones never were, where the disclosures still happen (ccTLDs, RDAP, court orders), and show before/after lookups on real domains.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-purple-100 text-purple-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">WHOIS</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Privacy</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">GDPR</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-pink-100 text-pink-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Domain</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt-4" href="/blog/whois-privacy-gdpr">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/jitter-latency-ping-gamers"><img src="/blog-img/jitter-latency-ping.svg" alt="Jitter, Latency, Ping, and Packet Loss for Gamers" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">Jitter, Latency, Ping, and Packet Loss for Gamers</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">Four metrics that every gamer cares about and almost nobody defines correctly. We pin down what each one actually measures, show how they compound in a real game session, and embed a live measurement widget that pings a target from your browser and reports min/avg/max latency, jitter, and packet loss.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt
1-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Gaming</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Networking</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Latency</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-red-100 text-red-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Jitter</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt-4" href="/blog/jitter-latency-ping-gamers">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/detect-isp-throttling"><img src="/blog-img/detect-isp-throttling.svg" alt="How to Detect ISP Throttling (and Prove It)" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">How to Detect ISP Throttling (and Prove It)</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">Most ISP throttling isn&#x27;t a blunt speed cap — it&#x27;s a per-host quality-of-service degradation that only shows up on Netflix, YouTube, or a single videoconferencing vendor. We explain how to test for it from inside your own browser by comparing throughput across several known targets and reading the difference.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-pink-100 text-pink-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">ISP</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Throttling</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Net Neutrality</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Networking</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt
1-4" href="/blog/detect-isp-throttling">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/find-my-ip-address"><img src="/blog-img/find-my-ip-address.svg" alt="How to Find Your IP Address on Any Operating System" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">How to Find Your IP Address on Any Operating System</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">Whether you need your local IP for setting up devices or your public IP for troubleshooting, here is exactly where to look on Windows 11, Windows 10, macOS, Linux, iPhone, and Android — plus what your IP actually reveals about you.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">IP Address</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Privacy</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Networking</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">How To</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt-4" href="/blog/find-my-ip-address">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/dnssec-explained"><img src="/blog-img/dnssec-explained.svg" alt="What is DNSSEC and Should You Care?" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">What is DNSSEC and Should You Care?</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">DNSSEC adds cryptographic signatures to the global DNS so resolvers can prove the answers they get back are real. Here is how the chain of trust works, who actually validates it, and an in-browser checker that tests your own resolver right now.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt
1-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-pink-100 text-pink-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">DNS</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">DNSSEC</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-purple-100 text-purple-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Security</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Networking</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt-4" href="/blog/dnssec-explained">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/bgp-hijacking-explained"><img src="/blog-img/bgp-hijacking.svg" alt="BGP Hijacking Explained: How Whole Countries Lose the Internet" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">BGP Hijacking Explained: How Whole Countries Lose the Internet</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">Border Gateway Protocol routes every packet on the internet — and it operates almost entirely on trust. We trace the AS-paths of the most consequential hijacks of the past 15 years and explain what RPKI, ROAs, and route leak protection actually do.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">BGP</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-purple-100 text-purple-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Routing</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Networking</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-red-100 text-red-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Internet History</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt
1-4" href="/blog/bgp-hijacking-explained">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/tor-vs-vpn-vs-proxy"><img src="/blog-img/tor-vs-vpn-vs-proxy.svg" alt="TOR vs VPN vs Proxy: Which One Do You Actually Need?" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">TOR vs VPN vs Proxy: Which One Do You Actually Need?</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">All three of them hide your IP — but they protect (and don&#x27;t protect) very different things. Walk through your threat model with our decision tree and a side-by-side comparison so you stop using the wrong tool for your job.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-green-100 text-green-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Tor</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">VPN</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Proxy</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Privacy</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Threat Model</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt-4" href="/blog/tor-vs-vpn-vs-proxy">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/ja3-ja4-tls-fingerprinting"><img src="/blog-img/ja3-ja4-tls.svg" alt="JA3 and JA4 TLS Fingerprinting Explained for Web Operators" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">JA3 and JA4 TLS Fingerprinting Explained for Web Operators</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">JA3 and its successor JA4 turn the contents of a TLS ClientHello into a short hash that uniquely identifies the client library — Chrome vs Firefox vs curl vs a custom Go bot — before a single byte of HTTP is exchanged. Here is how to read the hash, how to use it for fraud detection, and how attackers evade it.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt
1-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-pink-100 text-pink-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">TLS</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-green-100 text-green-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Fingerprinting</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Bot Detection</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-purple-100 text-purple-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Security</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-green-100 text-green-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">JA3</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-purple-100 text-purple-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">JA4</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt-4" href="/blog/ja3-ja4-tls-fingerprinting">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/client-hints-user-agent"><img src="/blog-img/client-hints.svg" alt="Client Hints Are Replacing User-Agent — What That Means for Tracking" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">Client Hints Are Replacing User-Agent — What That Means for Tracking</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">Chromium is slowly freezing the User-Agent string and shifting browser identity into a set of opt-in Sec-CH-UA headers. We show you the new headers, what each one reveals, and how trackers are adapting — paired with a live panel that prints what your browser sends right now.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-pink-100 text-pink-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">HTTP</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Privacy</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">User Agent</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-purple-100 text-purple-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Client Hints</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Tracking</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt
1-4" href="/blog/client-hints-user-agent">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/idn-homograph-attacks"><img src="/blog-img/idn-homograph.svg" alt="IDN Homograph Attacks: When &#x27;аpple.com&#x27; Isn&#x27;t apple.com" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">IDN Homograph Attacks: When &#x27;аpple.com&#x27; Isn&#x27;t apple.com</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">Internationalised Domain Names let you register addresses in any script — and let attackers swap Latin letters for visually identical Cyrillic or Greek ones. We walk through how punycode encoding works, where browsers draw the line, and embed a live converter that flags confusables in any URL you paste in.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Phishing</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-pink-100 text-pink-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Domain</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Punycode</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-purple-100 text-purple-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Security</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-purple-100 text-purple-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">IDN</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt-4" href="/blog/idn-homograph-attacks">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/typodensity"><img src="/blog-img/typodensity-cover.png" alt="Typo Density of Domains and Its Significance" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">Typo Density of Domains and Its Significance</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">The concept of Typo Density measures how many of these typo variations of a given domain are registered. A high typo density indicates significant public interest in the site – and potentially higher cybersquatting or phishing risks.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt
1-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Typosquatting</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-pink-100 text-pink-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Domain</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-purple-100 text-purple-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Cybersquatting</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Phishing</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-red-100 text-red-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Cybersecurity</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt-4" href="/blog/typodensity">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/geoip-accuracy"><img src="/blog-img/geolocation-accuracy.png" alt="Geolocation Accuracy of IP Addresses" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">Geolocation Accuracy of IP Addresses</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">Geolocation accuracy is the precision with which an IP address can be mapped to a specific geographic location. This article discusses the factors affecting geolocation accuracy and provides a method to estimate it.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Geolocation</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-purple-100 text-purple-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">IPAddress</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt
1-4" href="/blog/geoip-accuracy">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article><article class="bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl overflow-hidden flex flex-col h-full"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><a href="/blog/browser-fingerprinting"><img src="/blog-img/browser-privacy.png" alt="What Your Browser Tells Websites About You (Beyond Your IP)" class="w-full h-48 object-cover"/></a></div><div class="flex flex-col flex-1 p-6"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 line-clamp-2">What Your Browser Tells Websites About You (Beyond Your IP)</h2><p class="text-gray-600 line-clamp-3 mt-2">Browser fingerprinting is a technique used to identify and track users by analyzing their browser environment. This article discusses the various methods used to fingerprint browsers and provides a method to estimate it.</p><div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-sm text-blue-600 font-medium mt-4"><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-pink-100 text-pink-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Browser</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-green-100 text-green-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Fingerprinting</span><span class="inline-block px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-sm font-medium bg-indigo-100 text-indigo-800 hover:bg-opacity-80 transition-all duration-200 cursor-pointer">Privacy</span></div><div class="mt-auto"><div class="flex items-center justify-between pt-4 border-t border-gray-100 mt-4"><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-user h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path><circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle></svg><span>ip8</span></div><div class="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm text-gray-500"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-clock h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline></svg><span>5 min</span></div></div><a class="inline-flex items-center gap-2 text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-500 font-medium mt-4" href="/blog/browser-fingerprinting">Read more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></a></div></div></article></div></div></main></div>
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Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.