1"use strict";(self.webpackChunkchiapower=self.webpackChunkchiapower||[]).push([[53],{1109:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"pluginId":"default","version":"current","label":"Next","banner":null,"badge":false,"noIndex":false,"className":"docs-version-current","isLast":true,"docsSidebars":{"defaultSidebar":[{"type":"link","label":"Intro","href":"/","docId":"intro"},{"type":"category","label":"Chia Proofs of Space","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"Proof of Space and Time","href":"/chia-proofs-of-space/PoST","docId":"chia-proofs-of-space/PoST"}],"href":"/category/chia-proofs-of-space"},{"type":"category","label":"Hardware Requirements","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"Hardware Resources Required","href":"/hardware-resources/hardware","docId":"hardware-resources/hardware"},{"type":"link","label":"Chia Farming","href":"/hardware-resources/Farming","docId":"hardware-resources/Farming"},{"type":"link","label":"Full Node","href":"/hardware-resources/node","docId":"hardware-resources/node"},{"type":"link","label":"Plotting","href":"/hardware-resources/plotting","docId":"hardware-resources/plotting"},{"type":"link","label":"Chia Timelords","href":"/hardware-resources/Timelord","docId":"hardware-resources/Timelord"}],"href":"/category/hardware-requirements"},{"type":"category","label":"Power","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"Power Requirements for Hard Drives","href":"/Power/powerhdd","docId":"Power/powerhdd"},{"type":"link","label":"SSDs and Chia farming","href":"/Power/powerssd","docId":"Power/powerssd"}],"href":"/category/power"},{"type":"category","label":"Reliability","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"Reliability of Storage Devices in Chia Farming","href":"/reliability/","docId":"reliability/reliability"},{"type":"link","label":"SSD Endurance","href":"/reliability/ssdendurance","docId":"reliability/ssdendurance"}],"href":"/category/reliability"},{"type":"category","label":"Model","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"Chiapower Energy Model, original","href":"/Model/","docId":"Model/model"},{"type":"link","label":"Chiapower Energy Model 2023","href":"/Model/model2023","docId":"Model/model2023"}],"href":"/category/model"},{"type":"category","label":"Sustainability","collapsible":true,"collapsed":true,"items":[{"type":"link","label":"Storage is Underutilized","href":"/Sustainability/underutilized","docId":"Sustainability/underutilized"},{"type":"link","label":"Circularity","href":"/Sustainability/Circularity","docId":"Sustainability/Circularity"},{"type":"link","label":"LCAs","href":"/Sustainability/","docId":"Sustainability/sustainability"}],"href":"/category/sustainability"}]},"docs":{"chia-proofs-of-space/PoST":{"id":"chia-proofs-of-space/PoST","title":"Proof of Space and Time","description":"Overview of Chia farming, harvesting, and plotting","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"hardware-resources/Farming":{"id":"hardware-resources/Farming","title":"Chia Farming","description":"Overview of Chia farming","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"hardware-resources/hardware":{"id":"hardware-resources/hardware","title":"Hardware Resources Required","description":"Chia Hardware","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"hardware-resources/node":{"id":"hardware-resources/node","title":"Full Node","description":"Full node. The full node in the Chia is the peer-to-peer protocol that contains actually syncing the blockchain. Chia uses Nakamoto consensus, which means the network is permissionless, decentralized, and follows a Poisson distribution for inter-blocktime arrival. The full node requirements are designed to be extremely low, since the proof of space verification is very lightweight. It is designed to run on low-power, low core-count commodity computing devices (e.g. cheap laptop, Raspberry pi4.) There is a small-capacity SSD requirement to house the database for the blockchain, which is not a problem since a 256GB is currently cheaper than the cheapest HDD [IDC, 2021]. Chia has profiled the blockchain database workload to not take up a considerable amount of storage space and fit on a mainstream SSD included in every laptop, desktop, or easily available in the global consumer SSD market which includes 360 million SSDs per year [IDC, 2021].","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"}
1,"hardware-resources/plotting":{"id":"hardware-resources/plotting","title":"Plotting","description":"The Chia plotting workload is only required to be performed once per plot during the initial creation, where the final plot file lives on a low power storage device for the remainder of the years of farming. The plotting process involves the creation of the cryptographic data that is stored on the farming devices, and requires compute and ephemeral storage resources to create.","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"hardware-resources/Timelord":{"id":"hardware-resources/Timelord","title":"Chia Timelords","description":"Proof of Time, Verifiable Delay Function","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"intro":{"id":"intro","title":"Intro","description":"Storage is a perfect medium for blockchain security being both cryptographically verifiable and scarce. Storage is a commodity with a large market and multiple major global players. It is power-efficient and scalable and can incentivize the circular economy.","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"Model/model":{"id":"Model/model","title":"Chiapower Energy Model, original","description":"Chiapower Energy Model, original","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"Model/model2023":{"id":"Model/model2023","title":"Chiapower Energy Model 2023","description":"Chiapower Energy Model 2023","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"Power/powerhdd":{"id":"Power/powerhdd","title":"Power Requirements for Hard Drives","description":"The Chia farming process is very lightweight, requiring very little disk io by only having to perform a proof quality check on most lookups, and through a mechanism called the plot filter which reduces the io by a factor of the constant. In Chia the plot filter is currently set to 512, meaning that on every challenge a plot has a 1/512 chance of being eligible. Although the amount of data transferred is very low, the frequency of data access depends on the size of the plots constructed and number of plots per drive (capacity per disk), measured with a K value, with the minimum K value = 32 consisting of ~108GB (~101GiB. Most farmers use the minimum required K value for the network operation due to the ease of plotting and the disk is accessed frequently, but still only transfers a small amount of data. These parameters dictate power savings depending on the device type used for farming since SSD and HDD have very different power states and latency profiles.","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"Power/powerssd":{"id":"Power/powerssd","title":"SSDs and Chia farming","description":"Solid-state drives are extremely power efficient. Designed for use in laptops and mobile devices for long battery life, NAND and SSD controllers are architected for near-zero idle power consumption. The NVM Express (NVMe) specification for solid-state drives contains various features for power savings, with mainstream consumer SSDs ranging from 2-4mW idle power with 5-8mS resume latency.","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"reliability/reliability":{"id":"reliability/reliability","title":"Reliability of Storage Devices in Chia Farming","description":"Chia is an extremely light workload compared to typical end-user workloads, 0.37% of the lowest HDD rated workload limit of 200TB/year. It is also 309 times lower disk busy time than an example hyperscale data center workload. Plot files contain random cryptographic hashes that can easily be created with no user data, removing data durability requirements for data storage in Chia farming. Hard drives, SSDs, or any consumer electronic device, don\u2019t have a rated lifetime, reliability is measured in the annual failure rate or mean time between failure. They do have a warranty, most often 5 years which is used for most LCA (life cycle assessments). SSDs also have a rated endurance measured in host writes, TBW (terabytes written). HDDs have a rated workload in TB/year for both reads and writes, due to mechanical wear on the drive.","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"reliability/ssdendurance":{"id":"reliability/ssdendurance","title":"SSD Endurance","description":"The fastest plot creation is done completely in memory, but requires a server with a large amount of DRAM to perform this. Most consumer plotters are using an SSD as temporary storage to perform plotting. Mainstream SSDs today use NAND flash technology to store data. NAND is high performance, scalable, and low cost - warranting the use in virtually every computing segment from mobile phones, SD cards, consumer laptops, and data centers. However, NAND must be erased before the cell is programmed, a process known as a program erase cycle, and can only be performed a certain amount of times before the NAND cell wears out and can no longer reliably store user data. This is defined generally as an SSD no longer meeting the UBER (uncorrectable bit error rate), retention time (how long the device can store user data safely while powered off, at a given temperature), or functional failure (device can no longer power on). The metrics to measure endurance of an SSD is defined in Terabytes Written, or TBW, at a certain workload. The workload defined is generally the JESD219 workload from JEDEC organization. An SSD can still plot well beyond meeting it\'s rated TBW limit, because UBER can be measured (when seeing host errors) and retention is not required (Chia plotting requires temporary or ephemeral storage).","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"Sustainability/Circularity":{"id":"Sustainability/Circularity","title":"Circularity","de
1scription":"Although hyperscale datacenters may not have the immediate availability of underutilized storage, they do refresh their storage systems every 3-5 years to meet growing demand. Cloud data centers assure customers of data security. To avoid any perception of risk, storage devices are typically physically destroyed at the end of first use. Unfortunately, some of the older standards around data sanitization recommend physical destruction for sensitive data when leaving an organization\u2019s control, despite there being a near zero risk for data leaking with modern data encryption and sanitization methods specific to storage devices.","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"Sustainability/sustainability":{"id":"Sustainability/sustainability","title":"LCAs","description":"The major vendors for hard disk drives, Seagate, Western Digital, and Toshiba, are publicly traded companies and release annual sustainability reports, and ESG data on their products. Requirements for companies to report emissions are increasing and storage vendors are being more transparent in providing LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) for various products.","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"},"Sustainability/underutilized":{"id":"Sustainability/underutilized","title":"Storage is Underutilized","description":"IDC estimated that the average consumer with HDD storage for external backup only utilizes 23% of the capacity. This leaves a tremendous opportunity for storage-based cryptocurrencies to leverage this resource to secure the blockchain while offering the user a reward as an incentive. With Chia farming becoming easier and more accessible, the vision is that any user with extra capacity can easily participate in the Chia network, earn rewards, and quickly reclaim the space needed for user data.","sidebar":"defaultSidebar"}}}')}}]);
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