1(self.webpackChunk_N_E=self.webpackChunk_N_E||[]).push([[1082],{3395:function(t,e,a){(window.__NEXT_P=window.__NEXT_P||[]).push(["/posts/matplotlib-styling",function(){return a(5347)}])},7845:function(t,e,a){"use strict";var n=a(5893),o=a(357),r=a.n(o),i=(new Date).getFullYear();e.Z={footer:(0,n.jsxs)("small",{style:{display:"block",marginTop:"8rem"},className:"jsx-7c359fde634f3543",children:[(0,n.jsx)("time",{className:"jsx-7c359fde634f3543",children:i})," \xa9 Corin Faife.",(0,n.jsx)("a",{href:"/feed.xml",className:"jsx-7c359fde634f3543",children:"RSS"}),(0,n.jsx)(r(),{id:"7c359fde634f3543",children:"a.jsx-7c359fde634f3543{float:right}@media screen and (max-width:480px){article.jsx-7c359fde634f3543{padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:4rem}}"})]})}},5347:function(t,e,a){"use strict";a.r(e),a.d(e,{default:function(){return p}});var n=a(1799),o=a(9396),r=a(5893),i=a(8616),s=a(3805),l=a(7845),c=a(1151);function d(t){var e=Object.assign({h1:"h1",p:"p",a:"a",img:"img",h3:"h3",pre:"pre",code:"code",em:"em"},(0,c.ah)(),t.components);return(0,r.jsxs)(r.Fragment,{children:[(0,r.jsx)(e.h1,{children:"Styling matplotlib for news production"}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["As a data journalist at ",(0,r.jsx)(e.a,{href:"https://www.afp.com/en",children:"AFP"}),", my daily workflow often uses Python for data analysis and exploratory visualization, then finishes by handing over an SVG to a graphic designer to be refined for publication."]}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["As time goes on, I've been learning how to tweak ",(0,r.jsx)(e.a,{href:"https://matplotlib.org/",children:"Matplotlib"})," styling to reduce the gap between what I export and a publishable (or near-publishable) graphic in our AFP house style."]}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:"So we can go from this:"}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.img,{src:"/images/2024/chart/election-turnout-basic.svg",alt:"Basic election chart"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:"To this:"}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.img,{src:"/images/2024/chart/election-turnout-afp.svg",alt:"AFP styled election chart"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:"Though matplotlib charts look very dry and academic out-of-the-box, I'm slowly coming to appreciate the level of control and flexibility available underneat the hood."}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:"Here's a breakdown of the styling tweaks I'm currently using."}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.h3,{children:"Set chart dimensions and line width"}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:"AFP's two-column graphic layout corresponds to a 6x4 image ratio, which we define before drawing the chart:"}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.pre,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{className:"language-python",children:"plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4))\n"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:"We'll then draw a simple line chart following the example above \u2013\u2013 US voter turnout over time. When we draw the chart we'll want to increase the line width slightly:"}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.pre,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{className:"language-python",children:"plt.plot(df['YEAR'],\n df['TURNOUT_RATE_PRES'],\n linewidth=2)\n"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.img,{src:"/images/2024/chart/election-turnout-1.svg",alt:"AFP election chart 1"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.h3,{children:"Remove frame, calibrate axes"}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["We're going to do a lot of the chart styling by modifying attributes of the ",(0,r.jsx)(e.a,{href:"https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes",children:"Axes object"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["First we call the ",(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:".gca()"})," function to ",(0,r.jsx)(e.em,{children:"get current axes"})," of the plot and assign that to a variable. We can then use various methods of the ",(0,r.jsx)(e.a,{href:"https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/axes_api.html",children:"axes api"})," to modify plot characteristics \u2013 like setting the frame on or off."]}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.pre,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{className:"language-python",children:"ax = plt.gca()\nax.set_frame_on(False)\n"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.img,{src:"/images/2024/chart/election-turnout-2.svg",alt:"AFP election chart 2"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:"We're also going to override the default y axis limits to make sure that we have a value tick above the highest value and below the lowest value of the line."}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.pre,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{className:"language-python",children:"ax.set_ylim([0.44, 0.75])\n"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["While we're working on the y axis, we'll also want to change the decimal score to a percentage. We do this by first getting a reference to the y ticks, then using Python's ",(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:"format()"})," function to ",(0,r.jsx)(e.a,{href:"https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5306756/how-to-print-a-percentage-value",children:"display the decimal string as percent"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.pre,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{className:"language-python",children:"ticks = ax.get_yticks()\nax.set_yticklabels(['{:,.0%}'.format(x) for x in ticks])\n"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.img,{src:"/images/2024/chart/election-turnout-3.svg",alt:"AFP election chart 3"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.h3,{children:"Style grid lines and ticks"}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:"AFP line charts and column charts generally use dashed full-width grid lines on the y axis of the chart."}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["First we'll switch off the y axis ticks, and tuck the x axis ticks closer to the chart. Then we'll ",(0,r.jsx)(e.a,{href:"https://e2eml.school/matplotlib_ticks#grid",children:"draw a full width custom grid line"})," in grey:"]}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.pre,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{className:"language-python",children:"plt.tick_params(axis='y', left=False)\nplt.tick_params(axis='x', length=5, direction='in')\n\nax.grid(axis=\"y\", \n color=\"grey\", \n alpha=.5, \n linewidth=.5, \n linestyle=\"--\")\n"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.img,{src:"/images/2024/chart/election-turnout-4.svg",alt:"AFP election chart 4"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.h3,{children:"Define title, subtitle, and footnote"}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:"AFP charts are titled, usually use a subheading, and always include source attribution."}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["To match the house style we can use matplotlib's ",(0,r.jsx)(e.a,{href:"https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#default-values-and-styling",children:"rcParams"})," settings to choose a font, in this case Adobe's ",(0,r.jsx)(e.a,{href:"https://fonts.adobe.com/fonts/source-sans",children:"Source Sans"}),". We'll also set ",(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:"svg.fonttype"})," to ",(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:"none"}),", which instructs matplotlib not to convert text into paths when saving an SVG."]}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.pre,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{className:"language-python",children:"plt.rcParams.update(\n {'font.family': 'Source Sans Pro',\n \"svg.fonttype\": 'none'\n })\n"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["Then we'll use ",(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:"plt.suptitle()"}),' ("supertitle") for the main heading, and ',(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:"title()"})," for the subheading."]}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["We need to set x and y values to position each of these correctly, though this can be confusing because each one uses a different reference system: ",(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:"suptitle()"})," needs a y value of 1 or greater to appear at the top of the chart, whereas ",(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:"title()"})," is at the top by default, and takes a ",(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:"pad"})," argument to control vertical spacing."]}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["Both should be horizontally aligned left rather than centered, which we set with the ",(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:"ha"})," argument."]}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.pre,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{className:"language-python",children:"plt.suptitle(\"US election turnout\",\n x=0.1,\n y=1.02,\n fontsize=20, \n fontweight='bold',\n ha='left')\nplt.title(\"Voter turnout in the 2024 election was still among the highest since 1900\",\n x= -.03,\n pad=15,\n fontsize=10,\n fontweight='semibold',\n ha='left')\n"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["Lastly we use ",(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:"plt.figtext()"})," to add a footnote with the source. As with ",(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{children:"suptitle()"}),", we're giving [x,y] positioning coordinates from the bottom left of the figure."]}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.pre,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.code,{className:"language-python",children:'plt.figtext(0.1, 0.01, \n "Source: UF Election Lab", \n ha="left", \n fontsize=8)\n'})}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:"And here's the finished result again:"}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,r.jsx)(e.img,{src:"/images/2024/chart/election-turnout-afp-final.svg",alt:"AFP election chart final"})}),"\n",(0,r.jsxs)(e.p,{children:["For complete code to replicate this chart, see ",(0,r.jsx)(e.a,{href:"https://gist.github.com/corintxt/71e691b9a7d5f677e3630a15af46361b",children:"this GitHub gist"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,r.jsx)("script",{src:"https://gist.github.com/corintxt/71e691b9a7d5f677e3630a15af46361b.js"})]})}function h(){var t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},e=Object.assign({},(0,c.ah)(),t.components),a=e.wrapper;return a?(0,r.jsx)(a,(0,o.Z)((0,n.Z)({},t),{children:(0,r.jsx)(d,(0,n.Z)({},t))})):d(t)}var g=(0,r.jsx)(h,{});function p(t){return(0,s.withSSG)((0,i.Z)({filename:"matplotlib-styling.mdx",route:"/posts/matplotlib-styling",meta:{title:"Styling matplotlib for news production",date:"2024-11-12T00:00:00.000Z",description:"Taking charts from raw to refined",tag:"Python, dataviz, matplotlib",author:"Corin"},pageMap:[{name:"Bytes",children:[{name:"bash-python-args",route:"/Bytes/bash-python-args",frontMatter:{title:"Bash script to execute Python
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