https://www.gileadhiv.com/component---src-pages-landscape-hiv-testing-js-236b842c2766e6f7d5b2.js

1"use strict";(self.webpackChunkgilead_hiv=self.webpackChunkgilead_hiv||[]).push([[283],{8417:function(e,t,n){n.d(t,{A:function(){return r}});var a=n(7387),s=n(6540),l=n(263);var r=function(e){function t(t){return e.call(this)||this}return(0,a.A)(t,e),t.prototype.render=function(){return s.createElement(s.Fragment,null,s.createElement(l.A,{className:"cont-video",centered:!0,show:this.props.show,onHide:this.props.handleClose},s.createElement("img",{className:"close-button",onClick:this.props.handleClose,src:"data:image/png;base64,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"}),s.createElement(l.A.Body,null,s.createElement("video",{className:"video-player",poster:this.props.thumbnail,autoPlay:!0,controls:!0,controlsList:"nodownload",disablePictureInPicture:!0,"data-video-track-label":this.props.videoTrackLabel,id:"1111"},s.createElement("source",{src:this.props.url,type:"video/mp4"}),this.props.closedCaptions&&s.createElement("track",{label:"English",kind:"subtitles",srcLang:"en",src:this.props.closedCaptions})))))},t}(s.Component)},8552:function(e,t,n){n.r(t),n.d(t,{default:function(){return g}});var a=n(7387),s=n(6540),l=n(3270),r=(n(8417),n(3904)),o=n(3048),i=n(4479),c=n(1105),m=n.p+"static/hiv-testing_outside-deskop-5652a78df32b75691d3677ea1267fa61.jpg",d=n.p+"static/hiv-testing_outside-mobile-a8c6e30644f3f9867543471397ded328.jpg",h=n(9498);var u=function(e){function t(){return e.call(this)||this}return(0,a.A)(t,e),t.prototype.render=function(){return s.createElement("div",{className:""+(this.props.show?"d-block":"d-none")},s.createElement(o.A,{fluid:!0,className:"hero testing",role:"img","aria-label":"Close up of three people looking into the camera"}),s.createElement(o.A,{className:"testing"},s.createElement(i.A,null,s.createElement(c.A,{xs:10,className:"m-auto px-0"},s.createElement("div",{className:"hero-callout muted-yellow-dark"},s.createElement("h1",{className:"title "},s.createElement("span",{className:"sub-title d-block"},"HIV Testing"),"A Priority for Helping End the HIV Epidemic")),s.createElement("p",{className:"pt-2"},"In many ways, HIV testing should be the cornerstone of all efforts to help end the epidemic in the United States. It is the first step in getting people diagnosed and then linked to care, and it provides an important opportunity to discuss prevention options with people at risk for HIV.",s.createElement("sup",null,"1")," Unfortunately, we know that in 2021, it was estimated that only 35% of people in the US had ever been tested for HIV,* and in 2021, an estimated 1 in 8 people living with HIV in the US was unaware of their status.",s.createElement("sup",null,"2,3")),s.createElement("p",null,s.createElement("em",null,"Everyone knowing their status is an important part of helping end the HIV epidemic. It allows people to move forward and talk to a healthcare provider about next steps.")),s.createElement("p",{className:"footnote"},s.createElement("span",{className:"sup"},"*"),'These data represent 2021 weighted estimates of HIV testing prevalence by selected demographic characteristics, based on responses to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey question, "Have you ever been tested for HIV?"',s.createElement("sup",null,"2")),s.createElement("h2",{className:"title"},"Recommendations for HIV Testing"),s.createElement("p",null,"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that everyone ages 13 to 64 get tested for HIV at least once in their lifetime, and that people at increased risk for HIV get tested more often—each year or even more frequently (every 3 to 6 months, for example)—depending on their relationships and behavior.",s.createElement("sup",null,"1")," Among other criteria, regular HIV testing is recommended for:"),s.createElement("ul",{className:"indented-list"},s.createElement("li",null,"Men who have sex with men (MSM)",s.createElement("sup",null,"1")),s.createElement("li",null,"People who have had more than 1 sexual partner since their last HIV test",s.createElement("sup",null,"1")),s.createElement("li",null,"Transgender people who have sex with men",s.createElement("sup",null,"4,5")),s.createElement("li",null,"People who have had a sexually transmitted infection (STI)",s.createElement("sup",null,"1")),s.createElement("li",null,"People who use injection drugs",s.createElement("sup",null,"1")),s.createElement("li",null,"People whose sexual partners fall into any of these categories",s.createElement("sup",null,"1"))),s.createElement("p",null,"It is also important that pregnant women talk to their healthcare provider about getting tested for HIV. Testing as soon as possible in pregnancy can help expectant mothers who are HIV positive receive the care they need to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.",s.createElement("sup",null,"1")),s.createElement("h2",{className:"title"},"Many People Are Not Getting Tested for HIV"),s.createElement("p",null,"Data suggest, however, that many people are not following these HIV testing guidelines."),s.createElement("div",{className:"white-box"},s.createElement("ul",null,s.createElement("li",null,"In ",s.createElement("strong",null,"2021"),", it was estimated that only"," ",s.createElement("strong",null,"35%")," of people in the US had ever been tested for HIV",s.createElement("sup",null,"2,"),"*"),s.createElement("li",null,"One study found that only ",s.createElement("strong",null,"4%")," of those with commercial insurance and ",s.createElement("strong",null,"5.5%")," of those with Medicaid received testing for HIV in ",s.createElement("strong",null,"2019"),s.createElement("sup",null,"6")),s.createElement("li",null,"From ",s.createElement("strong",null,"2016")," to ",s.createElement("strong",null,"2017"),", data showed that less than ",s.createElement("strong",null,"30%")," of people in the US who were most at risk for acquiring HIV were tested in the prior year",s.createElement("sup",null,"7")),s.createElement("li",null,"From ",s.createElement("strong",null,"2016")," to ",s.createElement("strong",null,"2017"),", data showed that only ",s.createElement("strong",null,"26%")," of people in the US recommended for annual HIV testing in 7 states with a disproportionate rural HIV burde

1n were tested in the prior year",s.createElement("sup",null,"7")),s.createElement("li",null,"A US survey conducted between ",s.createElement("strong",null,"2006")," and"," ",s.createElement("strong",null,"2016")," showed that among adults aged 18 and older who were ever tested for HIV, the median time since their last test was nearly ",s.createElement("strong",null,"3")," years",s.createElement("sup",null,"7")))),s.createElement("p",{className:"strong-red"},"In 2021, it was estimated that only ",s.createElement("strong",null,"27%")," of young people aged 18 to 24 in the US had ever been tested for HIV compared to an estimated ",s.createElement("strong",null,"48%")," of those aged 25 to 34, ",s.createElement("strong",null,"52%")," of those aged 35 to 44, ",s.createElement("strong",null,"47%")," of those aged 45 to 54, ",s.createElement("strong",null,"36%")," of those aged 55 to 64, and"," ",s.createElement("strong",null,"18%")," of those aged 65 and older.",s.createElement("sup",null,"2,"),"* In 2021, it was also estimated that ",s.createElement("strong",null,"37%")," of men and ",s.createElement("strong",null,"38%")," of women in the US had ever been tested for HIV.",s.createElement("sup",null,"2,"),"*  The CDC analyzed data from the General Social Survey between 2006 and 2016 and revealed more information about who gets tested and how often:"),s.createElement("div",{className:"white-box"},s.createElement("ul",null,s.createElement("li",null,"A higher percentage of Black Americans (",s.createElement("strong",null,"57%"),") reported having ever been tested for HIV compared to that of Hispanic/Latino Americans (",s.createElement("strong",null,"47%"),") or White Americans (",s.createElement("strong",null,"35%"),")",s.createElement("sup",null,"8")),s.createElement("li",null,"Despite higher rates of HIV in the Southern US, people there were generally no more likely to report having ever been tested (",s.createElement("strong",null,"42%")," compared to"," ",s.createElement("strong",null,"43%")," in the West, ",s.createElement("strong",null,"38%")," in the Northeast, and ",s.createElement("strong",null,"33%")," in the Midwest)",s.createElement("sup",null,"8,9")),s.createElement("li",null,s.createElement("strong",null,"71%")," of men in the US who had a recent male sex partner reported having ever been tested for HIV, but only ",s.createElement("strong",null,"42%")," had been tested within the past 12 months",s.createElement("sup",null,"8")),s.createElement("li",null,s.createElement("strong",null,"58%")," of men in the US with other recent HIV-related risk behaviors (such as multiple female sex partners) reported having ever been tested for HIV, but only"," ",s.createElement("strong",null,"37%")," had been tested within the past 12 months",s.createElement("sup",null,"8")),s.createElement("li",null,s.createElement("strong",null,"66%")," of women in the US with recent HIV-related risk behaviors reported having ever been tested for HIV, but only ",s.createElement("strong",null,"46%")," had been tested within the past 12 months",s.createElement("sup",null,"8")))),s.createElement("p",{className:"footnote"},s.createElement("span",{className:"sup"},"*"),'These data represent 2021 weighted estimates of HIV testing prevalence by selected demographic characteristics, based on responses to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey question, "Have you ever been tested for HIV?"',s.createElement("sup",null,"2")),s.createElement("h2",{className:"title"},"Barriers to HIV Testing"),s.createElement("p",null,"In the early days of HIV, there were few treatment options, and a positive test result was seen as a death sentence. Things have changed dramatically since then, and with the proper care, people can live with HIV for many years.",s.createElement("sup",null,"10,11")," In order to receive such care, however, people must first get tested for HIV.",s.createElement("sup",null,"1")," Research has shown that fear and stigma as well as perceived cost and perceived lack of risk prevent many people from seeking the HIV testing they need.",s.createElement("sup",null,"12")),s.createElement("p",null,"One study published in 2019 asked men and women aged 19 to 64 living in the Southern US why they hadn’t been tested for HIV and had them rank possible reasons. Concerns about cost and insurance reimbursements were ranked highest followed by not knowing where to receive HIV care and not feeling at risk for HIV. Fear of the testing procedure and the results were also on the list. Some of the other barriers identified in the study highlight the stigma that still surrounds both HIV and HIV testing. Participants feared that HIV testing reflected poorly on them as a person, that they’d be judged by their healthcare provider, and that other people would find out about the test.",s.createElement("sup",null,"12")),s.createElement("p",null,"A 2017 survey of young people aged 18 to 30 in the US found similar results. Of those surveyed, more than half (54%) had never been tested for HIV. When asked why, 67% of those not tested said they didn’t think they were at risk for HIV, and 41% said a doctor had never suggested HIV testing. Other reasons for not getting tested included feeling embarrassed, not knowing where to go, cost or privacy concerns, and fear of the test results.",s.createElement("sup",null,"13")),s.createElement("p",null,"A separate US survey from 2014 to 2015 of people over the age of 18 found that many (65%) would like the

1ir physician to recommend HIV testing, and 85% said they would be “likely or very likely” to accept an HIV test if their physician offered it.",s.createElement("sup",null,"14")),s.createElement("div",{className:"white-box"},s.createElement("div",{className:"chart-bg"},s.createElement("div",{className:"cont-chart testing"},s.createElement("h3",null,"HIV TESTING RATES IN ",s.createElement("br",{className:"d-block d-md-none"}),"THE US BY AGE, 2021*"),s.createElement("div",{className:"chart-area"},s.createElement("div",{className:"cont-img"},s.createElement("img",{className:"d-none d-lg-block w-100",src:"/hiv-testing-in-us-by-age.svg",alt:"Bar Graph Showing HIV Testing in the US By Age, 2018"}),s.createElement("img",{className:"d-block d-md-none w-100",src:"/hiv-testing-in-us-by-age-mobile.svg",alt:"Bar Graph Showing HIV Testing in the US By Age, 2018"})),s.createElement("p",{className:"chart-text"},"Only an estimated"," ",s.createElement("span",{className:"font-red font-heavy"},"27%")," of young people in the us aged 18 to 24 had ever been tested for hiv in"," ",s.createElement("span",{className:"font-red font-heavy"},"2021"),".")))),s.createElement("div",{className:"footnote w-75-mobile"},"Source: AIDSVu. HIV Testing, 2021. ",s.createElement("a",{target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer",href:"https://aidsvu.org/local-data/united-states/",className:""},s.createElement("span",null,"Local Data: United States")),". Data available through the CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).")),s.createElement("p",{className:"footnote"},s.createElement("span",{className:"sup"},"*"),'These data represent 2021 weighted estimates of HIV testing prevalence by selected demographic characteristics, based on responses to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey question, "Have you ever been tested for HIV?"',s.createElement("sup",null,"2")),s.createElement("h2",{className:"title pt-4"},"Cost of HIV Testing"),s.createElement("p",null,"Though the perceived cost of HIV tests is often cited as a barrier, most people should be able to get tested for little or no cost.",s.createElement("sup",null,"12")," The Affordable Care Act requires insurance companies to cover HIV testing with no co-pay, and both Medicaid and Medicare cover some HIV testing. In addition, many community-based organizations and health departments will offer HIV testing for free or at very low cost to people who do not have insurance.",s.createElement("sup",null,"1,15,16")," The CDC also covers the cost of an at-home HIV testing kit.",s.createElement("sup",null,"17")),s.createElement("h2",{className:"title pt-4"},"Opt-In vs Opt-Out Testing Policies"),s.createElement("p",null,"Since 2006, the CDC has recommended that providers in all types of healthcare settings, including primary care settings, obstetric offices, public health and community-based clinics, hospitals, urgent care clinics, and emergency departments, offer HIV testing to all patients as part of standard care.",s.createElement("sup",null,"18")," Under this kind of a policy, patients are told—verbally or through the forms or brochures they receive—that they will be given an HIV test unless they tell their healthcare provider they do not want to be tested. They do not need to give specific consent for the HIV test as it is considered part of the routine preventive care they are consenting to during the visit.",s.createElement("sup",null,"19")," This is referred to as an “opt-out” policy.",s.createElement("sup",null,"18")),s.createElement("p",null,"In contrast, an “opt-in” policy asks patients deemed to be at risk if they’d like to be tested for HIV. The CDC believes that opt-in policies miss many people whose risk factors for HIV may be less obvious, such as heterosexual men and women who are unaware of their HIV risk, and those who live in non-urban, low-prevalence settings.",s.createElement("sup",null,"19")," Research has also found that people may underestimate their own risk for HIV, and that fear of stigma and discrimination prevents many people from getting tested when given the option.",s.createElement("sup",null,"20")),s.createElement("p",{className:"mb-4 pb-1"},"By testing everyone, opt-out policies can also remove some of the stigma associated with HIV testing and can help lead to earlier diagnoses and treatment.",s.createElement("sup",null,"19")," A 2022 systematic review found that opt-out testing can significantly improve HIV testing rates compared to opt-in testing in various settings and across different populations.",s.createElement("sup",null,"21")),s.createElement("img",{className:"d-none d-md-block w-85 mx-auto",src:m,alt:"Man standing outside in an urban area"}),s.createElement("img",{className:"d-block d-md-none w-85 mx-auto",src:d,alt:"Man standing outside in an urban area"}),s.createElement("h2",{className:"title"},"HIV Testing Settings"),s.createElement("p",null,"Today, people can find HIV testing across different settings. Many healthcare providers offer testing in their office

1s. Clinics, health departments, community-based health centers, and hospitals also offer HIV testing. HIV self-tests are also available at pharmacies and online, and some health departments and other organizations will send rapid self-tests to people’s homes at low or no cost.",s.createElement("sup",null,"16")),s.createElement("p",null,"Information about where to get tested can be found here: ",s.createElement("br",{className:"d-block d-lg-none"}),s.createElement("a",{target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer",className:"underline",style:{lineBreak:"anywhere"},href:"https://AIDSVu.org/services/#/testing"},"https://AIDSVu.org/services/#/testing")),s.createElement("h2",{className:"title"},"Testing Procedures"),s.createElement("p",null,"HIV testing can be done with a saliva sample, a finger prick of blood, or a blood draw from a vein. Some HIV testing can also be done with a urine sample. Different types of HIV tests rely on different samples, and results take anywhere from 20 minutes to several days. In addition, some tests can detect HIV infection sooner after exposure than others; the time between exposure and being able to detect infection through a test is often called the “window period.”",s.createElement("sup",null,"22")),s.createElement("h2",{className:"title"},"Different HIV Tests",s.createElement("sup",null,"22")),s.createElement("p",null,"The type of HIV test a person gets is largely dependent on where they get tested, but understanding the differences may be helpful."),s.createElement(o.A,null,s.createElement(i.A,null,s.createElement(c.A,{xs:12,className:"px-0 mt-2 cont-testing-chart"},s.createElement("div",{className:"testing-chart first"},s.createElement("div",{className:"chart-column test-type"},s.createElement("div",{className:"header light"},"Type ",s.createElement("br",{className:"d-block d-md-none"}),"of Test"),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell first"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"Antibody ",s.createElement("br",null),"test")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell dark"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"Antibody/ ",s.createElement("br",null),"Antigen Test")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell last"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"Nucleic ",s.createElement("br",null),"Acid Test ",s.createElement("br",null),"(NAT)")))),s.createElement("div",{className:"testing-chart second"},s.createElement("div",{className:"chart-column"},s.createElement("div",{className:"header dark"},"Where/Why ",s.createElement("br",null),"It is Used"),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell first"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"Most rapid tests and the only approved self-tests are antibody tests.")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell dark"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"Antibody/antigen tests are recommended for testing done in labs, but there is also a rapid version available.")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell last"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"This test is used as a first screening for HIV if an individual is believed to have recently had a high-risk exposure and has early symptoms of HIV infection."))),s.createElement("div",{className:"chart-column"},s.createElement("div",{className:"header light"},"Sample Used"),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell first"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"This test can be done using saliva, a finger prick, or blood drawn from a vein.")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell dark"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"Lab tests must be done using blood drawn from a vein. The rapid version uses a finger prick.")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell last"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"NATs can be done only with blood drawn from a vein."))),s.createElement("div",{className:"chart-column"},s.createElement("div",{className:"header dark"},"What It",s.createElement("br",null),"Looks For"),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell first"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"HIV antibodies. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system when it is exposed to viruses.")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell dark"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"The p24 antigen and HIV antibodies. Antigens are molecules that stimulate the immune system. In people with HIV, an antigen called p24 is produced even before antibodies develop.")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell last"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"NATs look for the actual virus in a person’s blood. This test can tell not only if a person is infected with HIV, but can also determine how much virus is in their blood. This test is expensive. It is not usually used for initial diagnosis, but instead to determine viral load of people known to have HIV."))),s.createElement("div",{className:"chart-column"},s.createElement("div",{className:"header light"},"How Soon It Can ",s.createElement("br",null),"Detect HIV Infection"),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell first"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"Antibody tests can detect HIV infection between 23 and 90 days after exposure. Tests that use blood drawn from a vein can usually detect antibodies sooner than those that use finger pricks or saliva.")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell dark"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"Antibody/antigen tests done using blood drawn from a vein can usually detect HIV infection between 18 and 45 days after exposure. Those tests done using a finger prick can detect infection between 18 and 90 days after exposure.")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell last"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"NATs can usually detect the virus in a person’s blood between 10 and 33 days after exposure."))),s.createElement("div",{className:"chart-column"},s.createElement("div",{className:"header dark"},"How Long ",s.createElement("br",null),"Results Take"),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell first"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"Results of rapid antibody tests using saliva or a finger prick can be ready in 30 minutes or less. Results of antibody"," ",s.createElement("span",{className:"d-inline-block"},"self-tests")," ","can be ready in 20 minutes.")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell dark"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"Results of rapid antibody/antigen tests from a finger prick can be ready in 30 minutes or less. Results from tests using blood drawn from a vein need to be processed in a laboratory; this can take several days.")),s.createElement("div",{className:"cell last"},s.createElement("div",{className:"content"},"NATs using blood drawn from a vein need to be processed in a laboratory;

1 this can take several days."))))))),s.createElement(r.A,null)))),s.createElement(h.A,{page:this.props.page}))},t}(s.Component);let p=function(e){function t(){return e.apply(this,arguments)||this}return(0,a.A)(t,e),t.prototype.render=function(){return s.createElement(s.Fragment,null,s.createElement(l.A,{section:"hiv-landscape",page:"testing"},s.createElement(u,{section:"hiv-landscape",page:"testing"})))},t}(s.Component);var g=p}}]);
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