https://1dayluo.github.io/assets/length-extension-attack-CEXOp4qV.js

1import{_ as o}from"./ValaxyMain.vue_vue_type_script_setup_true_lang-BtF6SIE9.js";import{b as p,e as F,w as e,f as g,a as c,p as k,r as a,g as i,h as s}from"./app-kqUif9qg.js";const D=i("p",null,"关键词:MD5, SHA-1,Length Extension Attack",-1),A=i("h2",{id:"outline",tabindex:"-1"},[s("Outline "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#outline","aria-label":'Permalink to "Outline"'},"​")],-1),u=i("p",null,[s("网站通常会hash对应的secret以防止被篡改。而Length extension attack是指攻击者使用已知hash值的长度和hash算法类型，构造出新的有效hash值，而"),i("strong",null,"无需知道"),s("原始数据的内容。攻击成功后，攻击者可以向hash后的数据追加新的数据并重新计算hash值，而该hash值仍将保持有效。这种攻击通常会影响使用MD5和SHA-1等算法的网站。")],-1),E=i("p",null,"备注:",-1),y=i("ul",null,[i("li",null,"可以通过data长度判断加密方式,例如128可能是MD5(it’s the most common 128-bit hashing algorithm)")],-1),m=i("h2",{id:"基础",tabindex:"-1"},[s("基础 "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#基础","aria-label":'Permalink to "基础"'},"​")],-1),_=i("p",null,"首先要对散列函数的基础概念有所了解.散列函数具有以下特性:",-1),f=i("ol",null,[i("li",null,"散列函数的运算过程是不可逆的，这个称为散列函数的单向性。"),i("li",null,"对于一个已知的消息及其散列值，要找到另外一个消息使其获得相同的散列值是不可能的，这个特性称为散列函数的弱碰撞性。这个特性可以用来防止消息伪造。"),i("li",null,"任意两个不同消息的散列值一定不同。"),i("li",null,"对原始消息长度没有限制。")],-1),C=i("p",null,"还有加密过程也是前置知识.",-1),x=i("h2",{id:"构造过程",tabindex:"-1"},[s("构造过程 "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#构造过程","aria-label":'Permalink to "构造过程"'},"​")],-1),b=i("p",null,"加密函数如下：",-1),v=i("div",{class:"language-php vp-adaptive-theme"},[i("button",{title:"Copy Code",class:"copy"}),i("span",{class:"lang"},"php"),i("pre",{class:"shiki shiki-themes material-theme-darker material-theme-lighter vp-code"},[i("code",{"v-pre":""},[i("span",{class:"line"},[i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#82AAFF","--shiki-light":"#6182B8"}},"HASH"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#89DDFF","--shiki-light":"#39ADB5"}},"(["),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"SECRET"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#89DDFF","--shiki-light":"#39ADB5"}},"]["),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"DATA"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#89DDFF","--shiki-light":"#39ADB5"}},"])")])])]),i("button",{class:"collapse"})],-1),B=i("p",null,"攻击者则需要通过以下方式去计算",-1),w=i("div",{class:"language-php vp-adaptive-theme"},[i("button",{title:"Copy Code",class:"copy"}),i("span",{class:"lang"},"php"),i("pre",{class:"shiki shiki-themes material-theme-darker material-theme-lighter vp-code"},[i("code",{"v-pre":""},[i("span",{class:"line"},[i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#82AAFF","--shiki-light":"#6182B8"}},"HASH"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#89DDFF","--shiki-light":"#39ADB5"}},"(["),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"SECRET"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#89DDFF","--shiki-light":"#39ADB5"}},"]["),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"DATA"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#89DDFF","--shiki-light":"#39ADB5"}},"]["),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"PADDING"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#89DDFF","--shiki-light":"#39ADB5"}},"]["),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"SUFFIX"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#89DDFF","--shiki-light":"#39ADB5"}},"])")])])]),i("button",{class:"collapse"})],-1),S=i("p",null,"其中secret为用于保护signature的secret，data为signed后的字符串",-1),$=i("p",null,"攻击者需要知道对应的[SECRET]的size，以及[DATA]从而计算[PADDING]",-1),M=i("p",null,"类似于CBC(我是说将第一次生成的结果作为下一次输入的一部分) 这里的长度攻击是从中间状态继续进行hash计算.",-1),P=i("p",null,[s("具体的方式如下(总结自"),i("a",{href:"https://github.com/iagox86/hash_extender",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"github"),s("),先假设前提:")],-1),T=i("figure",null,[i("img",{src:"https://i.imgur.com/RPMarJU.png",alt:"Untitled",loading:"lazy",decoding:"async"})],-1),R=i("p",null,[s("首先,服务器有一个初始的输入"),i("code",null,"secretdata"),s(",并计算了其MD5 hash值:")],-1),H=i("div",{class:"language- vp-adaptive-theme"},[i("button",{title:"Copy Code",class:"copy"}),i("span",{class:"lang"}),i("pre",{class:"shiki shiki-themes material-theme-darker material-theme-lighter 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2`),i("span",{class:"line"},[i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"Original Signature"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#89DDFF","--shiki-light":"#39ADB5"}},":"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#F78C6C","--shiki-light":"#F76D47"}}," 6"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"d5f807e23db210bc254a28be2d6759a0f5f5d99")])])]),i("button",{class:"collapse"})],-1),U=i("p",null,"这个请求负责将10个类型为eggo的waffle运送到user_id为1的用户所指定的位置,当且仅当signature对用户来说是有效的.",-1),V=i("p",null,"可以设计成以下:",-1),z=i("div",{class:"language-php vp-adaptive-theme"},[i("button",{title:"Copy Code",class:"copy"}),i("span",{class:"lang"},"php"),i("pre",{class:"shiki shiki-themes material-theme-darker material-theme-lighter vp-code"},[i("code",{"v-pre":""},[i("span",{class:"line"},[i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"Desired 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3`),i("span",{class:"line"},[i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"          \\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00")]),s(`
4`),i("span",{class:"line"},[i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"          \\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00")]),s(`
5`),i("span",{class:"line"},[i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"          \\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00")]),s(`
6`),i("span",{class:"line"},[i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"          \\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x28"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#C792EA","--shiki-light":"#9C3EDA"}},"&"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"waffle"),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#89DDFF","--shiki-light":"#39ADB5"}},"="),i("span",{style:{"--shiki-dark":"#EEFFFF","--shiki-light":"#90A4AE"}},"liege")])])]),i("button",{class:"collapse"})],-1),j=i("p",null,[s("在这里DATA后跟着PADDING,然后SUFFIX为 "),i("code",null,"&waffle=liege")],-1),W=i("p",null,[s("其中 "),i("code",null,"0x80"),s(" 为128 为原始长度.这里大多数算法包括MD4,MD5,RIPEMD-160,SHA-0,SHA-1,SHA-256都是string+padding直到长度为56 bytes(mod 64)然后再加一个8 bytes 的encoded 长度字段的大小端/an 8-byte little-endian length")],-1),q=i("p",null,"这里80 00 00 …. 作为PADDING部分.",-1),K=i("p",null,[s("这里我觉得wiki的解释里的例子不太好,见github这个利用脚本的README里的讲解吧("),i("a",{href:"https://github.com/iagox86/hash_extender",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"https://github.com/iagox86/hash_extender"),s(")")],-1),Q=i("h2",{id:"工具",tabindex:"-1"},[s("工具 "),i("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#工具","aria-label":'Permalink to "工具"'},"​")],-1),Y=i("p",null,[i("a",{href:"https://github.com/iagox86/hash_extender",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"https://github.com/iagox86/hash_extender")],-1),ii=i("p",null,[i("code",null,"git clone"),s(" 到本地后用makefile自动化编译.如果make报错的话需要从Makefile里移é

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