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257                  <h1 class="title is-1 publication-title">
258                    Revisiting Adversarial Patches for Designing Camera-Agnostic Attacks against Person Detection
259                  </h1>
260               </div>
261            </div>
262         </div>
263      </section>
264      <section class="publication-author-block">
265         <div class="hero-body">
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270<!--                      <div class="is-size-3 publication-authors">
271                     <span class="author-block">Anonymous Authors<sup></sup></span>
272                     </div> -->
273                     <div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
274                        <span class="author-block">
275                          <a href="https://weihui1308.github.io/">Hui Wei</a><sup>1 *</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
276                        <span class="author-block">
277                          <a href="https://lightchaserx.github.io/">Zhixiang Wang</a><sup>2 *</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
278                        <span class="author-block">
279                          <a href="https://xiwen1.github.io/">Kewei Zhang</a><sup>1 *</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
280                        <span class="author-block">
281                          <a href="https://github.com/Hallucinatie">Jiaqi Hou</a><sup>1</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
282                        <span class="author-block">
283                          <a href="https://github.com/lywverdant">Yuanwei Liu</a><sup>1</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
284                        <span class="author-block">
285                          <a href="https://ha0tang.github.io/">Hao Tang</a><sup>3</sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
286                        <span class="author-block">
287                          <a href="https://wangzwhu.github.io/home/">Zheng Wang</a><sup>1 †</sup>
288                        </span>
289                     </div>
290                     <div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
291                      <span class="author-block"><sup>1</sup>Wuhan University,</span>
292                      <span class="author-block"><sup>2</sup>The University of Tokyo,</span>
293                      <span class="author-block"><sup>3</sup>Peking University</span>
294                     </div>
295
296                     <br>
297
298                     <div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
299                      <span class="author-block">Thirty-Eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2024)</span>
300                     </div>
301                     </div>
302
303            <div class="column has-text-centered">
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307                  <a href="https://openreview.net/forum?id=2Inwtjvyx8&referrer=%5Bthe%20profile%20of%20Zhixiang%20Wang%5D(%2Fprofile%3Fid%3D~Zhixiang_Wang1)"
308                    class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
309                    <span class="icon">
310                      <i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i>
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312                    <span>Paper</span>
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317                    class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
318                    <span class="icon">
319                      <i class="ai ai-arxiv"></i>
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321                    <span>arXiv</span>
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331                    <span>Code</span>
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337                    class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
338                    <span class="icon">
339                      <i class="far fa-images"></i>
340                    </span>
341                    <span>Poster</span>
342                  </a>
343                </span>
344              </div>
345            </div>
346          </div>
347        </div>
348      </div>
349    </section>
350
351<section class="hero teaser">
352  <div class="hero-body is-flex">
353    <div class="container is-flex is-justify-content-center" style="object-fit: contain;">
354      <div class="columns">
355        <div class="column is-flex is-justify-content-center  is-flex-wrap-wrap">
356          <!-- <video id="teaser" autoplay controls muted loop playsinline height="100%">
357            <source src="./static/images/demo.mp4" type="video/mp4">
358          </video>
359          <h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
360            <i>Video1</i> &nbsp; method shows the physical attack effect using visible light imaging.
361          </h2> -->
362          <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EzWrnYCw_2s?si=L7Y3h0Gp9oj6HuWt" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
363          <h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
364            Physical adversarial attacks of the <strong>baseline</strong> across <br> six different imaging devices.
365          </h2>
366        </div>
367        <div class="column is-flex is-justify-content-center  is-flex-wrap-wrap">
368          <!-- <video id="teaser" autoplay controls muted loop playsinline height="100%">
369            <source src="./static/images/demo.mp4" type="video/mp4">
370          </video>
371          <h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
372            <i>Video2</i> &nbsp; method shows the physical attack effect using thermal infrared imaging.
373          </h2> -->
374          <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HSVOi6doSuA?si=6ldGZ2XmSzWiDSYN" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
375          <h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
376            Physical adversarial attacks of <strong>our method</strong> across <br> six different imaging devices.
377          </h2>
378        </div>
379      </div>
380    </div>
381  </div>
382</section>
383
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443
444
445
446      </div>
447
448      <div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
449        <div class="column is-three-quarters">
450          <p>
451            Here, we present the comparison results between <strong>T-SEA</strong> [<i>Huang et al. 2023</i>] and <strong>our method</strong>. We control the scene to eliminate the influence of irrelevant factors. Click the arrow or drag to view more results.
452          </p>
453        </div>
454      </div>
455    </div>
456  </div>
457</section>
458
459
460<section class="section">
461  <div class="container is-max-desktop">
462    <div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
463      <div class="column is-four-fifths">
464        <h2 class="title is-3">Abstract</h2>
465        <div class="content has-text-justified">
466          <p>
467            Physical adversarial attacks can deceive deep neural networks (DNNs), leading to erroneous predictions in real-world scenarios. To uncover potential security risks, attacking the safety-critical task of person detection has garnered significant attention. 
468            However, we observe that existing attack methods overlook the pivotal role of the camera in the physical adversarial attack workflow, involving capturing real-world scenes and convert
468ing them into digital images. 
469            This oversight leads to instability and challenges in reproducing these attacks. In this work, we revisit patch-based attacks against person detectors and introduce a camera-agnostic physical adversarial attack to mitigate this limitation. 
470            Specifically, we construct a differentiable camera Image Signal Processing (ISP) proxy network to compensate for physical-to-digital domain transition gap. Furthermore, the camera ISP proxy network serves as a defense module, forming an adversarial optimization framework with the attack module. 
471            The attack module optimizes adversarial perturbations to maximize effectiveness, while the defense module optimizes the conditional parameters of the camera ISP proxy network to minimize attack effectiveness. These modules engage in an adversarial game, enhancing cross-camera stability. 
472            Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed CAP (Camera-Agnostic Patch) attack effectively conceals persons from detectors across various imaging hardware, including two distinct cameras and four smartphones.
473          </p>
474          <!-- <p>
475          <p>
476            Here is the second paragraph of our paper's abstract.
477          </p>
478          </p> -->
479        </div>
480      </div>
481    </div>
482
483    <h2 class="title is-3 has-text-centered">Pipeline</h2>
484    <img style="width: 100%;" src="./assets/display/pipeline_v6.png" alt="HyperNeRF architecture." />
485    <p>
486      Our pipeline comprises two mutually adversarial parts: Attacker and Defender. 
487      The attacker optimizes adversarial perturbations to maximize attack effectiveness, 
488      while the defender optimizes the conditional input hyperparameter of the ISP proxy network to minimize attack effectiveness. 
489      The two parts cyclically alternate during the optimization stage.
490    </p>
491  </div>
492</section>
493
494<hr/>
495
496<section class="section">
497  <div class="container is-max-desktop">  
498    <div class="container is-max-desktop">
499        <div class="content has-text-justified">
500          <h2 class="title is-3">Camera-Agnostic Attacks</h2>
501          <p>
502            Compared to other methods that only succeed in attacking on individual imaging devices, our approach achieves stable attacks across all six imaging devices including two distinct cameras (Sony &#945;7R4&#128247; and Canon DS126231&#128247;) 
503            and four smartphone cameras (iPhone15&#128241;, RedmiK20&#128241;, HuaweiP50&#128241;, and SamsungS22&#128241;). 
504            The experiments are conducted using the YOLOv5 detector, with confidence threshold and NMS IOU threshold consistent with official settings, set at 0.25 and 0.45, respectively.
505          </p>
506          <div class="has-text-centered">
507            <img style="width: 100%;" src="./assets/display/physicalPersonresult.svg" alt="Person detection." />
508          </div>
509        </div>
510    </div>
511
512    <div class="columns is-centered">
513      
514      <div class="column is-half">
515        <div class="content">
516          <h3 class="title is-4">Quantification of digital-space attacks</h3>
517          <div class="level-set has-text-justified">
518            <p>
519              Quantitative results of different attack methods under various ISP settings in digital space. Our CAP attack surpasses all existing methods in terms of attack success rate (ASR%). 
520              The reason T-SEA performs well in Average Precision (AP%) but poorly in ASR is due to the multiple bounding box detections.
521            </p>
522            <div>
523              <img src="./assets/display/digitalTable.png" width="100%"/>
524            </div>
525            <!-- <p>
526              can be represented as slices through this auxiliary shape
527            </p>
528            <div>
529              <img src="./assets/display/physicalPerson.png" width="100%"/>
530            </div>
531            <p>
532              We can naturally model topologically varying shapes by just moving the
533              slicing plane along the higher dimensions. For example, this animation was generated
534              by
535              moving the slicing plane from top to bottom:
536            </p> -->
537          </div>
538        </div>
539      </div>
540
541      <div class="column is-half">
542        <div class="content">
543          <h3 class="title is-4">Quantification of real-world attacks</h3>
544          <div class="level-set has-text-justified">
545            <p>
546              In all six sets of quantitative comparisons, our method achieves an ASR (Attack Success Rate) of over 90% across six imaging devices, demonstrating excellent attack effectiveness and stability on the person detection task.
547            </p>
548            <div>
549              <img src="./assets/display/physicalPerson.png" width="100%"/>
550            </div>
551          </div>
552        </div>
553      </div>
554    </div>
555
556    
557  </div>
558</section>
559
560<hr/> 
561
562    <section>
563      <!-- <h1 class="title is-3 has-text-centered">Results Showcase of Camera Lens Simulation
564      </h1> -->
565      <div class="container is-max-widescreen">
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578          </div>
579          <div class="column is-one-quarter has-text-centered">
580            <img src="./assets/lens/crop_000021_Singlet.png" alt />
581            <h1 class="is-title">Singlet</h1>
582          </div>
583          <div class="column is-one-quarter has-text-centered">
584            <img src="./assets/lens/crop_000021_Tessar.png" alt />
585            <h1 class="is-title">Tessar</h1>
586          </div>
587
588        </div> -->
589        <div class="content has-text-justified"></div>
590        <h2 class="title is-3">Results Showcase of our ISP Proxy Network
591        </h2>
592        <p>Here is an interactive viewer for the camera ISP proxy network of our defender. It generates the corresponding camera ISP-processed image based on conditional input parameters.
593           Drag the <span style="color: #29e">blue cursor</span> around to change the images on the right.</p>
594        <br /><br />
595        <div class="columns is-centered">
596          <div class="column is-one-third">
597            <div class="hyper-space-wrapper has-text-centered title is-5">
598              <div class="hyper-space-axis">
599                <div class="hyper-space1">
600                  <div class="hyper-space-cursor1" id="cursor1"></div>
601                </div>
602              </div>
603             X: Gamma Adjustment<br> 
604             Y: Color Correction Matrix
605              <br />
606
607            </div>
608          </div>
609          <div class="column is-one-third has-text-centered">
610            <div class="hyper-grid-wrapper">
611              <div class="hyper-grid-rgb1">
612                <img src="./static/figures/isp_gamma_cont_2.jpg" />
613              </div>
614            </div>
615            Ground truth
616          </div>
617          <div class="column is-one-third has-text-centered">
618            <div class="hyper-grid-wrapper">
619              <div class="hyper-grid-rgb1">
620                <img src="static/figures/449_gamma_cont_net.jpg" />
621              </div>
622            </div>
623            Our ISP Proxy Network
624          </div>
625        </div>
626
627        <div class="info">
628          <span class="title is-5 has-text-left">
629            Gamma Adjustment:
630          </span>
631          <span class="is-text is-6">Gamma adjustment is a process that alters the luminance values of an image to match the characteristics of the display device. </span>
632  
633          <br />
634          <span class="title is-5 has-text-left">
635            Color Correction Matrix: 
636          </span>
637          <span class="is-text is-6">Color Correction Matrix is used to correct color inaccuracies in an image.</span>
638
639        </div>
640        
641
642
643        
644        <div class="columns is-centered">
645          <div class="column is-one-third">
646            <div class="hyper-space-wrapper has-text-centered title is-5">
647              <div class="hyper-space-axis">
648                <div class="hyper-space2">
649                  <div class="hyper-space-cursor2"></div>
650                </div>
651              </div>
652              X: Brightness Contrast Control <br> Y: Non-Local Means
653              <br />
654
655            </div>
656          </div>
657          <div class="column is-one-third has-text-centered">
658            <div class="hyper-grid-wrapper">
659              <div class="hyper-grid-rgb2">
660                <img src="./static/figures/isp_ccm_nlm_2.jpg" />
661              </div>
662            </div>
663            Ground truth
664          </div>
665          <div class="column is-one-third has-text-centered">
666            <div class="hyper-grid-wrapper">
667              <div class="hyper-grid-rgb2">
668                <img src="static/figures/449_ccm_nlm_net.jpg" />
669              </div>
670            </div>
671            Our ISP Proxy Network
672          </div>
673        </div>
674        <div class="info">
675          <span class="title is-5 has-text-left">
676            Brightness Contrast Control: 
677          </span>
678          <span class="is-text is6">Brightness Contrast Control controls the overall brightness and contrast of an image. </span>
679          <br />
680          <span class="title is-5 has-text-left">
681            Non-Local Means: 
682          </span>
683          <span class="is-text is6">Non-Local Means is a denoising technique used to reduce noise in images while preserving details.</span>
684        </div>
685
686        
687        <div class="columns is-centered">
688          <div class="column is-one-third">
689            <div class="hyper-space-wrapper has-text-centered title is-5">
690              <div class="hyper-space-axis">
691                <div class="hyper-space3">
692                  <div class="hyper-space-cursor3"></div>
693                </div>
694              </div>
695              X: Spatial Filtering <br> Y: Hue Saturation Control
696              <br />
697
698            </div>
699          </div>
700          <div class="column is-one-third has-text-centered">
701            <div class="hyper-grid-wrapper">
702              <div class="hyper-grid-rgb3">
703                <img src="./static/figures/isp_bnf_sat_2.jpg" />
704              </div>
705            </div>
706            Ground truth
707          </div>
708          <div class="column is-one-third has-text-centered">
709            <div class="hyper-grid-wrapper">
710              <div class="hyper-grid-rgb3">
711                <img src="static/figures/449_bnf_sat_net.jpg" />
712              </div>
713            </div>
714            Our ISP Proxy Network
715          </div>
716        </div>
717        <div class="info">
718          <span class="title is-5 has-text-left">
719            Spatial Filtering:
720          </span>
721          <span class="is-text is-6">Spatial filtering is a technique used to enhance or suppress certain features within an image based on their spatial characteristics.</span>
722          <br />
723          <span class="title is-5 has-text-left">
724            Hue Saturation Control:
725          </span>
726          <span class="is-text is-6">Hue Saturation Control adjusts the hue and saturation of colors in an image. </span>
727        </div>
728
729      </section>
730
731      <hr />
732
733<section class="section" id="BibTeX">
734<div class="container content is-max-desktop">
735<h2 class="title">BibTeX</h2>
736<pre><code>
737@inproceedings{wei2024cap,
738      title={Revisiting Adversarial Patches for Designing Camera-Agnostic Attacks against Person Detection},
739      author={Wei, Hui and Wang, Zhixiang and Zhang, Kewei and Hou, Jiaqi and Liu, Yuanwei and Tang, Hao and Wang, Zheng},
740      booktitle={The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems},
741      year={2024}
742}
743</code></pre>
744</div>
745</section>
746
747      <footer class="footer">
748        <div class="container">
749          <div class="columns is-centered">
750            <div class="column is-8">
751              <div class="content has-text-centered">
752                <p>
753                  The website design is adapted from <a
754                    href="https://portrait-disco.github.io/">DisCO</a> and <a
755                    href="https://github.com/hypernerf/hypernerf.github.io">HyperNeRF</a>.
756                </p>
757              </div>
758            </div>
759          </div>
760        </div>
761      </footer>
762
763      
763<script type="text/javascript" src="./static/slick/slick.min.js"></script>
763
764    </body>
765  </html>

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