1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<html lang="en"> 3<head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> 6 <title>Research | Parker Healthcare Allocation Lab | University of Chicago</title> 7 <meta name="description" content="Research on organ allocation algorithms, crisis standards of care, and scarce therapeutics at the Parker Healthcare Allocation Lab, University of Chicago."> 8 9 <link rel="canonical" href="https://healthcare-allocation-lab.github.io/research.html"> 10 11 <!-- Open Graph --> 12 <meta property="og:title" content="Research | Parker Healthcare Allocation Lab | University of Chicago"> 13 <meta property="og:description" content="Research on organ allocation algorithms, crisis standards of care, and scarce therapeutics at the Parker Healthcare Allocation Lab, University of Chicago."> 14 <meta property="og:type" content="website"> 15 <meta property="og:url" content="https://healthcare-allocation-lab.github.io/research.html"> 16 <meta property="og:site_name" content="Parker Healthcare Allocation Lab"> 17 18 <!-- Twitter Card --> 19 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> 20 <meta name="twitter:title" content="Research | Parker Healthcare Allocation Lab | University of Chicago"> 21 <meta name="twitter:description" content="Research on organ allocation algorithms, crisis standards of care, and scarce therapeutics at the Parker Healthcare Allocation Lab, University of Chicago."> 22 23 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/style.css"> 24 25 26</head> 27<body> 28 29 <nav class="site-nav" aria-label="Main navigation"> 30 <div class="nav-inner"> 31 <a href="/" class="nav-brand"> 32 <img src="/images/lab_logo.png" alt="HCA Lab Logo"> 33 Parker HCA Lab 34 </a> 35 <button class="nav-toggle" aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-expanded="false"> 36 <span></span><span></span><span></span> 37 </button> 38 <ul class="nav-links"> 39 <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> 40 <li><a href="/research.html" class="active">Research</a></li> 41 <li><a href="/team.html">Team</a></li> 42 <li><a href="/join.html">Join</a></li> 43 <li><a href="/contact.html">Contact</a></li> 44 <li id="nav-resources-link" style="display:none;"><a href="/resources.html">Lab Resources</a></li> 45 <li class="nav-auth"> 46 <button id="nav-login-btn" class="nav-login-btn" style="display:none;"> 47 <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="18" height="18" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="currentColor" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0016 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"/></svg> 48 Login 49 </button> 50 <div id="nav-user-menu" class="nav-user-menu" style="display:none;"> 51 <img id="nav-user-avatar" class="nav-user-avatar" src="" alt=""> 52 <span id="nav-user-name" class="nav-user-name"></span> 53 <button id="nav-logout-btn" class="nav-logout-btn">Logout</button> 54 </div> 55 </li> 56 </ul> 57 </div> 58</nav> 59 60 61 <header class="page-header"> 62 <h1>Research</h1> 63 <p>Evaluating and designing algorithms for fair healthcare resource allocation</p> 64</header> 65 66<main> 67 <div class="container"> 68 <div class="section"> 69 70 71<div class="research-row-full" id="key-publications"> 72 <h2 class="section-title" style="text-align:center;">Key Publications</h2> 73 <p class="section-subtitle" style="text-align:center;">Foundational papers from the lab</p> 74 <div class="research-spotlight-grid"> 75 <div class="research-spotlight-card"> 76 77 <img src="/images/spotlights/clif_map.png" alt="Common Longitudinal ICU Data Format (CLIF)" class="research-spotlight-image"> 78 79 <div class="research-spotlight-content"> 80 81 <img src="/images/journals/icm_logo.jpeg" alt="Journal logo" class="research-spotlight-journal-logo"> 82 83 <h3>Common Longitudinal ICU Data Format (CLIF)</h3> 84 <p>The CLIF consortium establishes a common data standard for ICU data science, enabling privacy-preserving federated research across multiple hospital systems.</p> 85 86 <p class="research-spotlight-citation"> 87 88 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-025-07848-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rojas JC, Lyons PG, et al. Intensive Care Med. 2025.</a> 89 90 </p> 91 92 </div> 93</div> 94<div class="research-spotlight-card"> 95 96 <img src="/images/spotlights/us_crs_auroc.png" alt="United States Candidate Risk Score (US-CRS) for Predicting Death Without Transplant in Adult Heart Trans
96plant Candidates" class="research-spotlight-image"> 97 98 <div class="research-spotlight-content"> 99 100 <img src="/images/journals/jama.svg" alt="Journal logo" class="research-spotlight-journal-logo"> 101 102 <h3>United States Candidate Risk Score (US-CRS) for Predicting Death Without Transplant in Adult Heart Transplant Candidates</h3> 103 <p>A new risk score for heart transplant candidates predicts mortality on the waiting list, improving allocation beyond the current priority-tier system.</p> 104 105 <p class="research-spotlight-citation"> 106 107 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.27029" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zhang KC, Narang N, et al. JAMA. 2024;331(3):237-247.</a> 108 109 </p> 110 111 </div> 112</div> 113<div class="research-spotlight-card"> 114 115 <img src="/images/spotlights/transplant_center_survival_benefit.png" alt="Association of Transplant Center With Survival Benefit Among Adults Undergoing Heart Transplant in the United States" class="research-spotlight-image"> 116 117 <div class="research-spotlight-content"> 118 119 <img src="/images/journals/jama.svg" alt="Journal logo" class="research-spotlight-journal-logo"> 120 121 <h3>Association of Transplant Center With Survival Benefit Among Adults Undergoing Heart Transplant in the United States</h3> 122 <p>The 5-year survival benefit associated with heart transplant varied across transplant centers, and high survival benefit centers performed heart transplant for patients with lower estimated waiting list survival without transplant.</p> 123 124 <p class="research-spotlight-citation"> 125 126 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.15686" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Parker WF, Anderson AS, et al. JAMA. 2019;322(18):1789-1798.</a> 127 128 </p> 129 130 </div> 131</div> 132 133 </div> 134</div> 135 136 137 <h3 style="text-align:center; color:var(--dark-gray); margin-top:48px; margin-bottom:8px; font-weight:400;">Published in</h3> 138 <div class="journal-carousel"> 139 <div class="journal-track"> 140 <img src="images/journals/jama.svg" alt="JAMA"> 141 <img src="images/journals/JACC_logo.jpg" alt="JACC"> 142 <img src="images/journals/chest_logo.jpeg" alt="CHEST"> 143 <img src="images/journals/icm_logo.jpeg" alt="Intensive Care Medicine"> 144 <img src="images/journals/ats_journals.svg" alt="ATS Journals"> 145 <img src="images/journals/ccm_logo.jpeg" alt="Critical Care Medicine"> 146 <img src="images/journals/jhlt-logo.png" alt="The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation"> 147 <img src="images/journals/ajtlogo.png" alt="American Journal of Transplantation"> 148 <img src="images/journals/hastings_logo.jpeg" alt="Hastings Center Report"> 149 <img src="images/journals/ajkd_logo.jpg" alt="American Journal of Kidney Diseases"> 150 <!-- Duplicate for seamless loop --> 151 <img src="images/journals/jama.svg" alt="JAMA"> 152 <img src="images/journals/JACC_logo.jpg" alt="JACC"> 153 <img src="images/journals/chest_logo.jpeg" alt="CHEST"> 154 <img src="images/journals/icm_logo.jpeg" alt="Intensive Care Medicine"> 155 <img src="images/journals/ats_journals.svg" alt="ATS Journals"> 156 <img src="images/journals/ccm_logo.jpeg" alt="Critical Care Medicine"> 157 <img src="images/journals/jhlt-logo.png" alt="The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation"> 158 <img src="images/journals/ajtlogo.png" alt="American Journal of Transplantation"> 159 <img src="images/journals/hastings_logo.jpeg" alt="Hastings Center Report"> 160 <img src="images/journals/ajkd_logo.jpg" alt="American Journal of Kidney Diseases"> 161 </div> 162 </div> 163 164 165 166<!-- Row 1: Deceased Donor Organ Allocation --> 167<div class="research-row" id="organ-allocation"> 168 <div class="research-row-image"> 169 <img src="/images/research/organ_allocation.png" alt="Deceased donor organs"> 170 </div> 171 <div class="research-row-content"> 172 <h2>Deceased Donor Organ Allocation</h2> 173 <div class="research-row-cards"> 174 <div class="research-spotlight-card"> 175 176 <img src="/images/spotlights/lvad_selection_bias.png" alt="Artifactual Declines in Durable LVAD Utilization Among Heart Trans
176plant Candidates: Selection Bias in Transplant Registries" class="research-spotlight-image"> 177 178 <div class="research-spotlight-content"> 179 180 <img src="/images/journals/jhlt.svg" alt="Journal logo" class="research-spotlight-journal-logo"> 181 182 <h3>Artifactual Declines in Durable LVAD Utilization Among Heart Transplant Candidates: Selection Bias in Transplant Registries</h3> 183 <p>The STAR MCS file excludes LVADs among currently listed candidates, producing artifactual declines in LVAD prevalence and incidence and inflated waitlist outcomes. Awareness of registry construction is essential for accurate interpretation of LVAD-related outcomes.</p> 184 185 <p class="research-spotlight-citation"> 186 187 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2026.06.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ahn DJ, Lyden GR, et al. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2026.</a> 188 189 </p> 190 191 </div> 192</div> 193<div class="research-spotlight-card"> 194 195 <img src="/images/spotlights/pediatric_heart_status_exceptions.png" alt="Status Exceptions and Misalignment of Medical Urgency in U.S. Pediatric Heart Transplantation" class="research-spotlight-image"> 196 197 <div class="research-spotlight-content"> 198 199 <img src="/images/journals/JACC_logo.jpg" alt="Journal logo" class="research-spotlight-journal-logo"> 200 201 <h3>Status Exceptions and Misalignment of Medical Urgency in U.S. Pediatric Heart Transplantation</h3> 202 <p>Pediatric heart transplant status exceptions are frequently granted to candidates who are not at the highest risk of waitlist death, contributing to misalignment between assigned medical urgency and actual mortality risk. The findings highlight opportunities to refine pediatric heart allocation policy.</p> 203 204 <p class="research-spotlight-citation"> 205 206 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2026.01.052" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ahn DJ, Attia A, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026.</a> 207 208 </p> 209 210 </div> 211</div> 212<div class="research-spotlight-card"> 213 214 <img src="/images/spotlights/adi_heart_transplant.png" alt="The Association of Place-Based Disadvantage and Access to Deceased Donor Heart Transplantation" class="research-spotlight-image"> 215 216 <div class="research-spotlight-content"> 217 218 <img src="/images/journals/ajt.svg" alt="Journal logo" class="research-spotlight-journal-logo"> 219 220 <h3>The Association of Place-Based Disadvantage and Access to Deceased Donor Heart Transplantation</h3> 221 <p>Area deprivation index (ADI) was associated with heart transplantation to a greater extent than other place-based disadvantage indices studied. The forthcoming continuous distribution provides an opportunity to incorporate ADI to address disparities in heart transplantation.</p> 222 223 <p class="research-spotlight-citation"> 224 225 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajt.2025.09.013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wang AZ, Barrett K, et al. Am J Transplant. 2025.</a> 226 227 </p> 228 229 </div> 230</div> 231<div class="research-spotlight-card"> 232 233 <img src="/images/spotlights/tolmie_survival_benefit.png" alt="Association of the 2018 U.S. Heart Allocation Policy Change and the Survival Benefit of Heart Transplantation" class="research-spotlight-image"> 234 235 <div class="research-spotlight-content"> 236 237 <img src="/images/journals/JACC_logo.jpg" alt="Journal logo" class="research-spotlight-journal-logo"> 238 239 <h3>Association of the 2018 U.S. Heart Allocation Policy Change and the Survival Benefit of Heart Transplantation</h3> 240 <p>In 2018, the U.S. heart allocation policy underwent a major change designed to increase transplantation of the most medically urgent candidates. The policy change has indeed led to better stratification and prioritization of candidates by clinical acuity, resulting in higher survival benefit of transplantation performed. Combined with higher transplantation rates, the 2018 heart allocation policy has saved thousands of life-years and achieved one of its major goals.</p> 241 242 <p class="research-spotlight-citation"> 243 244 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2025.02.026" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tolmie SB, Gibbons RD, et al. JACC Heart Fail. 2025;13(7):102480.</a> 245 246 </p> 247 248 </div> 249</div> 250 251 </div> 252 <p class="research-folder-link" style="margin-top:16px;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1TjcVeQQ7kgdTBM5a95y_sRsE3Fs2Lo1x" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>ð Browse all publications in this area â</strong></a></p> 253 </div> 254</div> 255 256<!-- Row 2: Scarce Therapeutics Allocation -->
257<div class="research-row research-row-reverse" id="scarce-therapeutics"> 258 <div class="research-row-image"> 259 <img src="/images/research/scarce_therapeutics.png" alt="Initial supply of novel therapeutics"> 260 </div> 261 <div class="research-row-content"> 262 <h2>Scarce Therapeutics Allocation</h2> 263 <div class="research-row-cards"> 264 <div class="research-spotlight-card"> 265 266 <img src="/images/spotlights/chicago_vaccination_map.png" alt="Association of Zip Code Vaccination Rate With COVID-19 Mortality in Chicago, Illinois" class="research-spotlight-image"> 267 268 <div class="research-spotlight-content"> 269 270 <img src="/images/journals/jama.svg" alt="Journal logo" class="research-spotlight-journal-logo"> 271 272 <h3>Association of Zip Code Vaccination Rate With COVID-19 Mortality in Chicago, Illinois</h3> 273 <p>Chicago zip codes with the lowest COVID-19 vaccination rates were predominantly Black and Hispanic and suffered the highest COVID-19 mortality. Modeling suggests equitable vaccine distribution could have prevented a substantial share of deaths during the Alpha and Delta waves.</p> 274 275 <p class="research-spotlight-citation"> 276 277 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14753" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zeng S, Pelzer KM, et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(5):e2214753.</a> 278 279 </p> 280 281 </div> 282</div> 283<div class="research-spotlight-card"> 284 285 <div class="research-spotlight-content"> 286 287 <img src="/images/journals/hastings_logo.jpeg" alt="Journal logo" class="research-spotlight-journal-logo"> 288 289 <h3>
289Errors in Converting Principles to Protocols: Where the Bioethics of U.S. Covid-19 Vaccine Allocation Went Wrong</h3> 290 <p>The ACIP's COVID-19 vaccine allocation recommendations were internally inconsistent with its own ethical principles - overly broad healthcare worker priority, age as the sole high-risk criterion, no place-based distribution, and implicit first-come, first-served allocation. Rigorous empirical work and a complete ethical framework could have prevented these mistakes and saved lives.</p> 291 292 <p class="research-spotlight-citation"> 293 294 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1416" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Parker WF, Persad G, Peek ME. Hastings Cent Rep. 2022;52(5):8-14.</a> 295 296 </p> 297 298 </div> 299</div> 300 301 </div> 302 <p class="research-folder-link" style="margin-top:16px;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1nvgNa1tVSMo3B96fPsvT_opb49_MjnYS" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>ð Browse all publications in this area â</strong></a></p> 303 </div> 304</div> 305 306<!-- Row 3: Crisis Standards of Care --> 307<div class="research-row" id="crisis-standards"> 308 <div class="research-row-image"> 309 <img src="/images/research/crisis_standards.png" alt="Life-support during Crisis Standards of Care"> 310 </div> 311 <div class="research-row-content"> 312 <h2>Crisis Standards of Care</h2> 313 <div class="research-row-cards"> 314 <div class="research-spotlight-card"> 315 316 <img src="/images/spotlights/slow_life_support.png" alt="Slow Life Support for Imminently Dying Patients" class="research-spotlight-image"> 317 318 <div class="research-spotlight-content"> 319 320 <img src="/images/journals/jama.svg" alt="Journal logo" class="research-spotlight-journal-logo"> 321 322 <h3>Slow Life Support for Imminently Dying Patients</h3> 323 <p>This viewpoint introduces and explores the ethical implications of "slow life support" - the selective and often undisclosed withholding or modulation of life sustaining therapies by clinicians in imminently dying patients.</p> 324 325 <p class="research-spotlight-citation"> 326 327 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2026.8659" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Vollbrecht H, Iwashyna TJ, et al. JAMA. 2026.</a> 328 329 </p> 330 331 </div> 332</div> 333<div class="research-spotlight-card"> 334 335 <img src="/images/spotlights/state_ventilator_guidelines.png" alt="Variation in Ventilator Allocation Guidelines by US State During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic" class="research-spotlight-image"> 336 337 <div class="research-spotlight-content"> 338 339 <img src="/images/journals/jama.svg" alt="Journal logo" class="research-spotlight-journal-logo"> 340 341 <h3>Variation in Ventilator Allocation Guidelines by US State During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic</h3> 342 <p>A systematic review of state ventilator allocation guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic found only half of US states had public guidance, with substantial variation in triage criteria; most guidelines recommended objective clinical scoring systems for rationing decisions.</p> 343 344 <p class="research-spotlight-citation"> 345 346 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12606" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Piscitello GM, Kapania EM, et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(6):e2012606.</a> 347 348 </p> 349 350 </div> 351</div> 352 353 </div> 354 <p class="research-folder-link" style="margin-top:16px;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ErXdF54ordv8KB_PDZK-VegwbWTSNsN9" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>ð Browse all publications in this area â</strong></a></p> 355 </div> 356</div> 357 358 359 <!-- Searchable Publication List --> 360 <div class="pubmed-widget" id="pubmed-widget" style="margin-top:48px;"> 361 <h2 class="section-title">All Publications</h2> 362 <p style="color:var(--text-light); margin-bottom:24px;">Searchable list of lab publications from PubMed.</p> 363 <div class="pubmed-search"> 364 <input type="text" id="pubmed-filter" placeholder="Filter by keyword, author, or journal..."> 365 <select id="pubmed-year-filter"> 366 <option value="">All years</option> 367 </select> 368 </div> 369 <div class="pubmed-count" id="pubmed-count"></div> 370 <div id="pubmed-results"> 371 <div class="pubmed-loading">Loading publications from PubMed...</div> 372 </div> 373 <div class="pubmed-pagination" id="pubmed-pagination"></div> 374 <div style="margin-top:16px;"> 375 <div class="pi-links" style="justify-content:flex-start;"> 376 <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jaBF4DEAAAAJ&hl=en" class="pi-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" style="color:var(--text); border-color:var(--border);">Google Scholar</a> 377 <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/william.parker.3/bibliography/public/" class="pi-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" style="color:var(--text); border-color:var(--border);">MyNCBI</a> 378 </div> 379 </div> 380</div> 381 382 383</div> 384 385 </div> 386</main> 387 388 389 <footer class="site-footer"> 390 <div class="footer-inner"> 391 <div class="footer-info"> 392 <h3>Parker Healthcare Allocation Lab</h3> 393 <p>University of Chicago<br>Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences<br>5841 S Maryland Ave<br>Chicago, IL 60637</p> 394 </div> 395 <div class="footer-links"> 396 <div class="footer-col"> 397 <h4>Pages</h4> 398 <a href="/">Home</a> 399 <a href="/research.html">Research</a> 400 <a href="/team.html">Team</a> 401 <a href="/join.html">Join</a> 402 <a href="/contact.html">Contact</a> 403 </div> 404 <div class="footer-col"> 405 <h4>Connect</h4> 406 <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jaBF4DEAAAAJ&hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Scholar</a> 407 <a href="https://github.com/Healthcare-Allocation-Lab" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub</a> 408 <a href="https://x.com/WF_Parker" target="_blank" rel="noopener">X / Twitter</a> 409 <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/hcalab.bsky.social" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bluesky</a> 410 <a href="https://clif-icu.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CLIF Consortium</a> 411 </div> 412 </div> 413 </div> 414 <div class="footer-bottom"> 415 © 2026 Parker Healthcare Allocation Lab, University of Chicago 416 </div> 417</footer> 418 419 420 421
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