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92      <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="/content/2012/01/03/lhc-parameters/">Some LHC Calculations</a></h1>
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101<time class='entry-date' datetime='2012-01-03T00:00:00-05:00'><span class='date'><span class='date-month'>Jan</span> <span class='date-day'>3</span><span class='date-suffix'>rd</span>, <span class='date-year'>2012</span></span> <span class='time'>12:00 am</span></time>
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107
108  <div class="entry-content"><p>The LHC is currently running at 7 TeV, giving a relativistic gamma factor $\gamma$ of 3730:</p>
109
110<script type="math/tex; mode=display">E = \gamma mc^2 \rightarrow \gamma = {E \over mc^2} \rightarrow \gamma(3.5\text{TeV}) = 3730</script>
110
111
112<p>This means the protons are moving at 99.999996% the speed of light:</p>
113
114<script type="math/tex; mode=display">\gamma = {1 \over \sqrt{1 - \beta^2}} \rightarrow \beta = \sqrt{1 - {1 \over \gamma^2}} \approx 0.99999996</script>
114
115
116<p>Alright, now let’s look at the collision rate, assuming a recent luminosity of 1e33:</p>
117
118<script type="math/tex; mode=display">R_\text{total} = \mathcal{L} \sigma = (10^{33} {\text{cm}^{-2} \over \text{s}})(110\text{mb})({10^{-27}\text{cm}^2 \over \text{mb}})</script>
118
119
120<p>which gives approximately 100 million interactions per second.</p>
121
122<p>The cross section for the events I’m looking at is $\sigma_{WZ\rightarrow 3\ell\nu} \approx 0.5 \text{pb}$, so</p>
123
124<script type="math/tex; mode=display">R(WZ\to 3\ell\nu) = (10^{33} {\text{cm}^{-2} \over \text{s}})(0.5\text{pb})({10^{-36}\text{cm}^2 \over \text{mb}})</script>
124
125
126<p>yielding 0.0005 Hz or 40 <em>WZ</em> events per day.</p>
127
128<p>So how many of these events will we have collected by the end of the 2011 pp run?</p>
129
130<script type="math/tex; mode=display">N_{WZ\rightarrow 3\ell\nu} \approx (5 {\text{fb}^{-1}}) (0.5 \text{pb}) = \text{2500 events}</script>
130
131
132<p>By the time we make all the required cuts to account for the acceptance of the detector and rejection of backgrounds, however, we end up with something on the order of only 100 events in our final sample.</p>
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154<time class='entry-date' datetime='2011-12-31T20:53:00-05:00'><span class='date'><span class='date-month'>Dec</span> <span class='date-day'>31</span><span class='date-suffix'>st</span>, <span class='date-year'>2011</span></span> <span class='time'>8:53 pm</span></time>
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161  <div class="entry-content"><p>This site is built on <a href="http://octopress.org">Octopress</a>, “a blogging framework for hackers,” which brings a number of fun technologies along for the ride, including:</p>
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164  <li><a href="http://jekyllrb.com">Jekyll</a> as the base platform for generating a static blog,</li>
165  <li>modern design using all the best that HTML5 and CSS3 have to offer,</li>
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171<p>On top of Octopress, I threw in some extra goodies:</p>
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178<p>Check out the <a href="https://github.com/jklukas/jklukas.github.com">site’s source</a> on GitHub.</p>
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191      <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="/bio">Bio</a></h1>
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199
200<time class='entry-date' datetime='2011-12-31T20:53:00-05:00'><span class='date'><span class='date-month'>Dec</span> <span class='date-day'>31</span><span class='date-suffix'>st</span>, <span class='date-year'>2011</span></span> <span class='time'>8:53 pm</span></time>
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207  <div class="entry-content"><div class="imgcontainer">
208<iframe style="width: 100%; height: 20.5em; margin: 0.25em 0;" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;t=h&amp;msa=0&amp;msid=201747899667285679972.0004a4bade8b09a0fa795&amp;ll=36.879621,-34.804687&amp;spn=55.146624,164.882813&amp;z=2&amp;output=embed"></iframe>
209<p>places I&#8217;ve lived</p>
210</div>
211
212<p>Although I’m actually an Ohio native, I grew up in the South Hills of Pittsburgh (which, make no mistake, is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Cultural_overlap">a Midwestern city</a> despite being in Pennsylvania).  My parents, who grew up as good Lutheran kids, met in college at <a href="http://www.wittenberg.edu">Wittenberg University</a>, and both their kids ended up following suit.</p>
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239<time class='entry-date' datetime='2011-12-31T02:53:00-05:00'><span class='date'><span class='date-month'>Dec</span> <span class='date-day'>31</span><span class='date-suffix'>st</span>, <span class='date-year'>2011</span></span> <span class='time'>2:53 am</span></time>
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246  <div class="entry-content"><h2 id="education">Education</h2>
247
248<dl>
249  <dt>Ph.D. (Physics) University of Wisconsin–Madison</dt>
250  <dd>May 2012</dd>
251  <dd>Advisor: Matt Herndon</dd>
252  <dd>Thesis topic: A search for exotic particles decaying to <em>WZ</em> in <em>pp</em> collisions at 7 TeV</dd>
253</dl>
254
255<dl>
256  <dt>B.S. Wittenberg University</dt>
257  <dd>Springfield, Ohio</dd>
258  <dd>May 2006</dd>
259  <dd>Majors in physics and French language &amp; literature</dd>
260  <dd>Summa Cum Laude</dd>
261  <dd>Departmental honors in physics</dd>
262  <dd>Thesis topic: Influencing dynamics in neural networks</dd>
263</dl>
264
265<dl>
266  <dt>
266School for International Training</dt>
267  <dd>Dakar, Senegal, West Africa</dd>
268  <dd>Spring 2005</dd>
269  <dd>Conducted independent research on the relative importance of national, ethnic, socioeconomic, and gender identities to residents of Dakar through interviews and participant observation.</dd>
270</dl>
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297<time class='entry-date' datetime='2011-12-31T00:00:00-05:00'><span class='date'><span class='date-month'>Dec</span> <span class='date-day'>31</span><span class='date-suffix'>st</span>, <span class='date-year'>2011</span></span> <span class='time'>12:00 am</span></time>
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304  <div class="entry-content"><h2 id="courses">Courses</h2>
305
306<h3 id="physics-for-elementary-teachers">Physics for Elementary Teachers</h3>
307<p>An introductory course built around a student-oriented pedagogy where almost all the course concepts are developed through direct experimentation in groups.  It focuses on building a conceptual understanding of energy and forces and using those concepts as a framework for understanding gravity, magnetism, electricity, and light.   The course becomes particularly relevant for elemetary teachers through “Learning about Learning” activities where we observe and discuss the learning processes of elementary students.</p>
308
309<h3 id="physics-foundations">Physics Foundations</h3>
310<p>An overview of physics in one semester, covering a broad range of topics, from Newtonian mechanics to relativity and particles.  We use algebra to develop a quantitative understanding of the topics and laboratory activities to explore a few of them in greater depth.</p>
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328      <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="/content/2006/04/03/influencing-dynamics-in-neural-networks/">Influencing Dynamics in Neural Networks</a></h1>
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337<time class='entry-date' datetime='2006-04-03T00:00:00-04:00'><span class='date'><span class='date-month'>Apr</span> <span class='date-day'>3</span><span class='date-suffix'>rd</span>, <span class='date-year'>2006</span></span> <span class='time'>12:00 am</span></time>
338        
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342
343
344  <div class="entry-content"><p>This research was performed under an NSF-funded Research Experience for Undergraduates program at Indiana University and then extended at Wittenberg University to serve as an undergraudate honors thesis.  The work was overseen by John Beggs.  It was later published in the 2006 issue of Wittenberg University’s non-fiction literary magazine, <em>Spectrum</em>.</p>
345
346<p>Abstract: Experimental readings from rat cortex in our lab have demonstrated a robust ability of neural networks to maintain critical point dynamics. Whether that ability stems from the activity of a regulatory system or is an inherent property of the network, however, remains unknown. Throughout our investigations, a computational model has served both as a useful diagnostic tool in developing measurements of dynamics and as a predictor of manipulations to be in- vestigated in tissue samples. It demonstrates a robustness similar to the biological samples, suggesting that the network structure alone may be sufficient to maintain stable dynamics. Using the model to explore network parameters, we have identified the distribution of connection strengths between nodes in the network as having a clear influence on the dynamical behavior of the system, and further, we have explained deviations from that relationship by identifying particular connection patterns that link attractive behavior with an inverse branching structure.</p>
347
348<p>View the full text of <a href="/files/klukas-undergrad-thesis.pdf">“Influencing Dynamics in Neural Networks” in PDF format</a>.</p>
349</div>
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355  
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358      
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360    
361      <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="/content/2005/05/12/isp/">Changing Concepts of Ethnic and National Identity in Dakar</a></h1>
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368
369
370<time class='entry-date' datetime='2005-05-12T00:00:00-04:00'><span class='date'><span class='date-month'>May</span> <span class='date-day'>12</span><span class='date-suffix'>th</span>, <span class='date-year'>2005</span></span> <span class='time'>12:00 am</span></time>
371        
372      </p>
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375
376
377  <div class="entry-content"><p>This research was performed as a capstone project for the <em>Senegal: Arts &amp; Culture</em> academic program of the School for International Training in Spring of 2005 under the direction of Souleye Diallo.  The project was advised by Mamadou Aliou Diallo, Université Cheikh Anta Diop.  It was published in the 2006 issue of Wittenberg University’s non-fiction literary magazine, <em>Spectrum</em>.</p>
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