1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 3"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 4<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> 5<head> 6<!-- 2026-01-19 Mon 18:33 --> 7<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> 8<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> 9<title>GPS-Free Geolocation Based on LoRa</title> 10<meta name="description" content="level-4 org export template" /> 11<meta name="generator" content="Org Mode" /> 12<style type="text/css"> 13 #content { max-width: 60em; margin: auto; } 14 .title { text-align: center; 15 margin-bottom: .2em; } 16 .subtitle { text-align: center; 17 font-size: medium; 18 font-weight: bold; 19 margin-top:0; } 20 .todo { font-family: monospace; color: red; } 21 .done { font-family: monospace; color: green; } 22 .priority { font-family: monospace; color: orange; } 23 .tag { background-color: #eee; font-family: monospace; 24 padding: 2px; font-size: 80%; font-weight: normal; } 25 .timestamp { color: #bebebe; } 26 .timestamp-kwd { color: #5f9ea0; } 27 .org-right { margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; } 28 .org-left { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto; text-align: left; } 29 .org-center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; } 30 .underline { text-decoration: underline; } 31 #postamble p, #preamble p { font-size: 90%; margin: .2em; } 32 p.verse { margin-left: 3%; } 33 pre { 34 border: 1px solid #e6e6e6; 35 border-radius: 3px; 36 background-color: #f2f2f2; 37 padding: 8pt; 38 font-family: monospace; 39 overflow: auto; 40 margin: 1.2em; 41 } 42 pre.src { 43 position: relative; 44 overflow: auto; 45 } 46 pre.src:before { 47 display: none; 48 position: absolute; 49 top: -8px; 50 right: 12px; 51 padding: 3px; 52 color: #555; 53 background-color: #f2f2f299; 54 } 55 pre.src:hover:before { display: inline; margin-top: 14px;} 56 /* Languages per Org manual */ 57 pre.src-asymptote:before { content: 'Asymptote'; } 58 pre.src-awk:before { content: 'Awk'; } 59 pre.src-authinfo::before { content: 'Authinfo'; } 60 pre.src-C:before { content: 'C'; } 61 /* pre.src-C++ doesn't work in CSS */ 62 pre.src-clojure:before { content: 'Clojure'; } 63 pre.src-css:before { content: 'CSS'; } 64 pre.src-D:before { content: 'D'; } 65 pre.src-ditaa:before { content: 'ditaa'; } 66 pre.src-dot:before { content: 'Graphviz'; } 67 pre.src-calc:before { content: 'Emacs Calc'; } 68 pre.src-emacs-lisp:before { content: 'Emacs Lisp'; } 69 pre.src-fortran:before { content: 'Fortran'; } 70 pre.src-gnuplot:before { content: 'gnuplot'; } 71 pre.src-haskell:before { content: 'Haskell'; } 72 pre.src-hledger:before { content: 'hledger'; } 73 pre.src-java:before { content: 'Java'; } 74 pre.src-js:before { content: 'Javascript'; } 75 pre.src-latex:before { content: 'LaTeX'; } 76 pre.src-ledger:before { content: 'Ledger'; } 77 pre.src-lisp:before { content: 'Lisp'; } 78 pre.src-lilypond:before { content: 'Lilypond'; } 79 pre.src-lua:before { content: 'Lua'; } 80 pre.src-matlab:before { content: 'MATLAB'; } 81 pre.src-mscgen:before { content: 'Mscgen'; } 82 pre.src-ocaml:before { content: 'Objective Caml'; } 83 pre.src-octave:before { content: 'Octave'; } 84 pre.src-org:before { content: 'Org mode'; } 85 pre.src-oz:before { content: 'OZ'; } 86 pre.src-plantuml:before { content: 'Plantuml'; } 87 pre.src-processing:before { content: 'Processing.js'; } 88 pre.src-python:before { content: 'Python'; } 89 pre.src-R:before { content: 'R'; } 90 pre.src-ruby:before { content: 'Ruby'; } 91 pre.src-sass:before { content: 'Sass'; } 92 pre.src-scheme:before { content: 'Scheme'; } 93 pre.src-screen:before { content: 'Gnu Screen'; } 94 pre.src-sed:before { content: 'Sed'; } 95 pre.src-sh:before { content: 'shell'; } 96 pre.src-sql:before { content: 'SQL'; } 97 pre.src-sqlite:before { content: 'SQLite'; } 98 /* additional languages in org.el's org-babel-load-languages alist */ 99 pre.src-forth:before { content: 'Forth'; } 100 pre.src-io:before { content: 'IO'; } 101 pre.src-J:before { content: 'J'; } 102 pre.src-makefile:before { content: 'Makefile'; } 103 pre.src-maxima:before { content: 'Maxima'; } 104 pre.src-perl:before { content: 'Perl'; } 105 pre.src-picolisp:before { content: 'Pico Lisp'; } 106 pre.src-scala:before { content: 'Scala'; } 107 pre.src-shell:before { content: 'Shell Script'; } 108 pre.src-ebnf2ps:before { content: 'ebfn2ps'; } 109 /* additional language identifiers per "defun org-babel-execute" 110 in ob-*.el */ 111 pre.src-cpp:before { content: 'C++'; } 112 pre.src-abc:before { content: 'ABC'; } 113 pre.src-coq:before { content: 'Coq'; } 114 pre.src-groovy:before { content: 'Groovy'; } 115 /* additional language identifiers from org-babel-shell-names in 116 ob-shell.el: ob-shell is the only babel language using a lambda to put 117 the execution function name together. */ 118 pre.src-bash:before { content: 'bash'; } 119 pre.src-csh:before { content: 'csh'; } 120 pre.src-ash:before { content: 'ash'; } 121 pre.src-dash:before { content: 'dash'; } 122 pre.src-ksh:before { content: 'ksh'; } 123 pre.src-mksh:before { content: 'mksh'; } 124 pre.src-posh:before { content: 'posh'; } 125 /* Additional Emacs modes also supported by the LaTeX listings package */ 126 pre.src-ada:before { content: 'Ada'; } 127 pre.src-asm:before { content: 'Assembler'; } 128 pre.src-caml:before { content: 'Caml'; } 129 pre.src-delphi:before { content: 'Delphi'; } 130 pre.src-html:before { content: 'HTML'; } 131 pre.src-idl:before { content: 'IDL'; } 132 pre.src-mercury:before { content: 'Mercury'; } 133 pre.src-metapost:before { content: 'MetaPost'; } 134 pre.src-modula-2:before { content: 'Modula-2'; } 135 pre.src-pascal:before { content: 'Pascal'; } 136 pre.src-ps:before { content: 'PostScript'; } 137 pre.src-prolog:before { content: 'Prolog'; } 138 pre.src-simula:before { content: 'Simula'; } 139 pre.src-tcl:before { content: 'tcl'; } 140 pre.src-tex:before { content: 'TeX'; } 141 pre.src-plain-tex:before { content: 'Plain TeX'; } 142 pre.src-verilog:before { content: 'Verilog'; } 143 pre.src-vhdl:before { content: 'VHDL'; } 144 pre.src-xml:before { content: 'XML'; } 145 pre.src-nxml:before { content: 'XML'; } 146 /* add a generic configuration mode; LaTeX export needs an additional 147 (add-to-list 'org-latex-listings-langs '(conf " ")) in .emacs */ 148 pre.src-conf:before { content: 'Configuration File'; } 149 150 table { border-collapse:collapse; } 151 caption.t-above { caption-side: top; } 152 caption.t-bottom { caption-side: bottom; } 153 td, th { vertical-align:top; } 154 th.org-right { text-align: center; } 155 th.org-left { text-align: center; } 156 th.org-center { text-align: center; } 157 td.org-right { text-align: right; } 158 td.org-left { text-align: left; } 159 td.org-center { text-align: center; } 160 dt { font-weight: bold; } 161 .footpara { display: inline; } 162 .footdef { margin-bottom: 1em; } 163 .figure { padding: 1em; } 164 .figure p { text-align: center; } 165 .equation-container { 166 display: table; 167 text-align: center; 168 width: 100%; 169 } 170 .equation { 171 vertical-align: middle; 172 } 173 .equation-label { 174 display: table-cell; 175 text-align: right; 176 vertical-align: middle; 177 } 178 .inlinetask { 179 padding: 10px; 180 border: 2px solid gray; 181 margin: 10px; 182 background: #ffffcc; 183 } 184 #org-div-home-and-up 185 { text-align: right; font-size: 70%; white-space: nowrap; } 186 textarea { overflow-x: auto; } 187 .linenr { font-size: smaller } 188 .code-highlighted { background-color: #ffff00; } 189 .org-info-js_info-navigation { border-style: none; } 190 #org-info-js_console-label 191 { font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap; } 192 .org-info-js_search-highlight 193 { background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-weight: bold; } 194 .org-svg { } 195</style> 196<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../css/mystyle.css" /> 197</head> 198<body>
199<div id="content" class="content"> 200<h1 class="title">GPS-Free Geolocation Based on LoRa</h1> 201<div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc"> 202<h2>Table of Contents</h2> 203<div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc"> 204<ul> 205<li><a href="#org17ce953">Abstract</a></li> 206<li><a href="#orgcfac1c7">Research questions</a></li> 207<li><a href="#orgd31165d">People</a> 208<ul> 209<li><a href="#orgfcca9ea">Supervisors</a></li> 210<li><a href="#org617f63e">Research Assistant</a></li> 211<li><a href="#org6c5f2d2">Participants</a></li> 212</ul> 213</li> 214<li><a href="#orgb0f74be">Grants</a></li> 215<li><a href="#org95ce99e">Duration</a></li> 216<li><a href="#org9f22bc2">Meetings</a></li> 217<li><a href="#org6082ad2">Outcomes</a> 218<ul> 219<li><a href="#orgf69235f">GitHub repositories</a></li> 220<li><a href="#org3954ec8">Publications</a></li> 221</ul> 222</li> 223<li><a href="#org3af04f6">References</a></li> 224<li><a href="#org0533d9a">Related Projects</a></li> 225</ul> 226</div> 227</div> 228<div id="outline-container-org17ce953" class="outline-2"> 229<h2 id="org17ce953">Abstract</h2> 230<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org17ce953"> 231<p> 232In WSN/IoT, the localization of nodes are essential to long-running applications 233for accurate environment monitoring and detection of important events, often 234covering a large area in the field. Due to the lower time resolution of typical 235WSN/IoT platforms (e.g., 1 microsecond for ESP32), ranging-based localization 236techniques cannot provide spatial resolution better than ~300 meters. Location 237fingerprinting techniques based on received signal strengths, too, suffer from 238various scattering issues, resulting in lower performance. In this project, we 239are to investigate hybrid localization techniques based on both ranging and 240location fingerprinting, where the lower spatial resolution from ranging could 241be improved by (1) a newly-proposed "multiple two-way message exchanges" scheme 242and (2) location fingerprinting based on received signal strengths and a time 243series of measurement data like the arrival times of periodic beacons. We will 244carry out experiments on a LoRa testbed to demonstrate the feasibility of 245GPS-free geolocation based on the hybrid localization techniques. 246</p> 247</div> 248</div> 249<div id="outline-container-orgcfac1c7" class="outline-2"> 250<h2 id="orgcfac1c7">Research questions</h2> 251<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgcfac1c7"> 252<p> 253We are to investigate hybrid localization techniques based on both ranging and 254location fingerprinting in the context of GPS-free geolocation based on LoRa. 255The key research questions are: 256</p> 257<ul class="org-ul"> 258<li>Can the newly-proposed "multiple two-way message exchanges" scheme address the 259issue of the lower spatial resolution from ranging?</li> 260<li>Can the time series of periodic beacon arrival times provide characteristics 261unique to its measurement location (i.e., the distance between the sender and 262the receiver of beacons)?</li> 263</ul> 264</div> 265</div> 266<div id="outline-container-orgd31165d" class="outline-2"> 267<h2 id="orgd31165d">People</h2> 268<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgd31165d"> 269</div> 270<div id="outline-container-orgfcca9ea" class="outline-3"> 271<h3 id="orgfcca9ea">Supervisors</h3> 272<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orgfcca9ea"> 273<ul class="org-ul"> 274<li><a href="http://kyeongsoo.github.io/">Dr Kyeong Soo (Joseph) Kim</a> (<a href="https://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/study/departments/academic-departments/communications-and-networking/">Department of Communications and Networking</a>, 275<a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li> 276</ul> 277</div> 278</div> 279<div id="outline-container-org617f63e" class="outline-3"> 280<h3 id="org617f63e">Research Assistant</h3> 281<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org617f63e"> 282<ul class="org-ul"> 283<li>Yiqing Zhou (E-mail: Yiqing.Zhou24_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; MRes Candidate, 284<a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li> 285</ul> 286</div> 287</div> 288<div id="outline-container-org6c5f2d2" class="outline-3"> 289<h3 id="org6c5f2d2">Participants</h3> 290<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org6c5f2d2"> 291<ul class="org-ul"> 292<li>Jiahong Pan (E-mail: Jiahong.Pan22_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 3, BEng 293Electronic Science and Technology, <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li> 294<li>Junhan Chen (E-mail: Junhan.Chen23_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 2, BEng 295Electrical Engineering, <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li> 296<li>
296Yizhuo Liu (E-mail: Yizhuo.Liu23_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 2, BEng 297Telecommunications Engineering, <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li> 298<li>Chenao Lu (E-mail: Chenao.Lu23_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 2, BEng 299Electronic Science and Technology, <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li> 300<li>Xule Zhou (E-mail: Xule.Zhou23_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 2, BEng 301Microelectronic Science and Engineering with Contemporary Entrepreneurialism, 302<a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li> 303<li>Zecan Cheng (E-mail: Zecan.Cheng24_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 1, BEng 304Telecommunications Engineering, <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li> 305</ul> 306</div> 307</div> 308</div> 309<div id="outline-container-orgb0f74be" class="outline-2"> 310<h2 id="orgb0f74be">Grants</h2> 311<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgb0f74be"> 312<ul class="org-ul"> 313<li>Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/research/summer-undergraduate-research-fellowships">Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships 314(SURF)</a> programme (under grant SURF-2025-0217).</li> 315</ul> 316</div> 317</div> 318<div id="outline-container-org95ce99e" class="outline-2"> 319<h2 id="org95ce99e">Duration</h2> 320<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org95ce99e"> 321<ul class="org-ul"> 322<li>Jun./2025–Aug./2025 (10 weeks)</li> 323</ul> 324</div> 325</div> 326<div id="outline-container-org9f22bc2" class="outline-2"> 327<h2 id="org9f22bc2">Meetings</h2> 328<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org9f22bc2"> 329<ul class="org-ul"> 330<li>06/24/2025: 2nd meeting, 10:30–12:00, IR719 331<ul class="org-ul"> 332<li>Kyeong Soo (Joseph) Kim: <a href="./project_overview_20250624.pdf">SURF-2025-0217 Project Overview: GPS-Free 333Geolocation Based on LoRa</a></li> 334</ul></li> 335<li>06/10/2025: Kickoff meeting, 9:00–11:00, IR719</li> 336</ul> 337</div> 338</div> 339<div id="outline-container-org6082ad2" class="outline-2"> 340<h2 id="org6082ad2">Outcomes</h2> 341<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org6082ad2"> 342</div> 343<div id="outline-container-orgf69235f" class="outline-3"> 344<h3 id="orgf69235f">GitHub repositories</h3> 345<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orgf69235f"> 346<ul class="org-ul"> 347<li><i>To be added…</i></li> 348</ul> 349</div> 350</div> 351<div id="outline-container-org3954ec8" class="outline-3"> 352<h3 id="org3954ec8">Publications</h3> 353<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org3954ec8"> 354<ul class="org-ul"> 355<li>Yiqing Zhou, Xule Zhou, Zecan Cheng, Chenao Lu, Junhan Chen, Jiahong Pan, 356Yizhuo Liu, Sihao Li and Kyeong Soo Kim, "Impact of environmental factors 357on LoRa 2.4 GHz time of flight ranging outdoors," <i>accepted for 358presentation at <a href="https://is-candar.org/gca25">GCA'25</a></i>, Sep. 27, 2025. (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23125">arXiv</a>)</li> 359</ul> 360</div> 361</div> 362</div> 363<div id="outline-container-org3af04f6" class="outline-2"> 364<h2 id="org3af04f6">References</h2> 365<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org3af04f6"> 366<ol class="org-ol"> 367<li>H. Chen, J. Yang, Z. Hao, T. Qi, and T. Liu, "Research on indoor multi-floor 368positioning method based on LoRa," <i>Computer Networks</i>, vol. 254, no. 110838, 369Dec. 2024.</li> 370<li>Dany Merhej, Iness Ahriz, Lounis Zerioul, Samuel Garcia, and Michel Terré, 371"Joint RSS and ranging fingerprint for LoRa indoor localization," <i>Proc. WCNC 3722024</i>, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Apr. 2024, pp. 1–6.</li> 373<li>Christian Gentner, Markus Ulmschneider, Isabel Kuehner, and Armin Dammann, 374"WiFi-RTT indoor positioning," <i>Proc. PLANS 2020</i>, Portland, OR, USA, 2020, 375pp. 1029–1035.</li> 376<li>Chaojie Gu, Linshan Jiang, and Rui Tan, "LoRa-based localization: 377Opportunities and challenges," <i>Proc. EWSN'19</i>, Beijing, China, Mar. 2019, 378pp. 413–419.</li> 379<li>Jonas Danebjer and Valthor Halldórsson, "A Hybrid Approach to GPS-Free 380Geolocationover LoRa," <i>Master's thesis</i>, Department of Electrical and 381Information Technology, Lund University, Sep. 2018.</li> 382<li>B. C. Fargas and M. N. Petersen, "GPS-free geolocation using LoRa in 383low-power WANs," <i>Proc. GIoTS 2017</i>, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017, pp. 1–6.</li> 384<li>Semtech corporation, Application note: An introduction to ranging with the 385SX1280 transceiver, AN1200.29, rev. 1.0, Mar. 2017. Available Online: 386<a href="https://semtech.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#E0000000JelG/a/44000000MDiH/OF02Lve2RzM6pUw9gNgSJXbDNaQJ_NtQ555rLzY3UvY">https://semtech.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#E0000000JelG/a/44000000MDiH/OF02Lve2RzM6pUw9gNgSJXbDNaQJ_NtQ555rLzY3UvY</a></li> 387<li>S. Lanzisera, D. T. Lin, and K. S. J. Pister, "RF time of flight ranging for 388wireless sensor network localization," <i>Proc. 2006 International Workshop on 389Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems</i>, Vienna, Austria, 2006, pp. 1–12.</li> 390</ol> 391</div> 392</div> 393<div id="outline-container-org0533d9a" class="outline-2"> 394<h2 id="org0533d9a">Related Projects</h2> 395<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org0533d9a"> 396<ul class="org-ul"> 397<li>XJTLU PGRS1912001: <a href="../pgrs1912001/index.html">Scalable and Energy-Efficient Multi-Building and 398Multi-Floor Indoor Localisation/Navigation based on Deep Neural Networks with 399a Multivariate Database</a></li> 400<li>XJTLU KSF-E-25: <a href="../ksf-e-25/index.html">Feasibility Study of XJTLU 401Campus-Wide Indoor Localization System Based on Deep Neural Networks</a></li> 402<li>XJTLU SURF-2024-0311: Indoor Localization Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion 403Databases</li> 404<li>XJTLU SURF-2023-0135: Multi-Building, Multi-Floor Time-Varying Indoor 405Localization Database for XJTLU Campus</li> 406<li>XJTLU SURF-2022076: <a href="../surf-2022076/index.html">Scalable Representation of RSSIs for Multi-Building and 407Multi-Floor Indoor Localization Based on Deep Neural Networks</a></li> 408<li>XJTLU SURF-201913: <a href="../surf-201913/index.html">Analysis of XJTLUIndoorLoc Multivariate Dataset for 409DNN-Based Indoor Localization</a></li> 410<li>XJTLU SURF-201830: <a href="../surf-201830/index.html">Trajectory Estimation of Mobile Users/Devices based on 411Wi-Fi Fingerprinting and Deep Neural Networks</a></li> 412<li>XJTLU SURF-201739: <a href="../surf-201739/index.html">Indoor Localisation Based on Wi-Fi Fingerprinting with 413Fuzzy Sets</a></li> 414<li>XJTLU RISGC-2017-4: <a href="../campus_information_services/index.html">Feasibility Assessment and Roadmap for XJTLU Campus 415Information and Visitor Service System as A Test Bed for Large-Scale
416Location-Aware Services in SIP</a></li> 417</ul> 418 419<hr /> 420</div> 421</div> 422</div> 423<div id="postamble" class="status"> 424<p class="date">Date: Time-stamp: <span class="timestamp-wrapper"><span class="timestamp"><2022-07-15 Fri 21:52></span></span> Time-stamp: <span class="timestamp-wrapper"><span class="timestamp"><2025-09-30 Tue 13:06></span></span></p> 425<p class="date">Created: 2026-01-19 Mon 18:33</p> 426<p class="creator"><a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/">Emacs</a> 30.2 (<a href="https://orgmode.org">Org</a> mode 9.7.11)</p> 427<p class="validation"><a href="https://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">Validate</a></p> 428</div> 429</body> 430</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.