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199<div id="content" class="content">
200<h1 class="title">GPS-Free Geolocation Based on LoRa</h1>
201<div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
202<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
203<div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
204<ul>
205<li><a href="#org17ce953">Abstract</a></li>
206<li><a href="#orgcfac1c7">Research questions</a></li>
207<li><a href="#orgd31165d">People</a>
208<ul>
209<li><a href="#orgfcca9ea">Supervisors</a></li>
210<li><a href="#org617f63e">Research Assistant</a></li>
211<li><a href="#org6c5f2d2">Participants</a></li>
212</ul>
213</li>
214<li><a href="#orgb0f74be">Grants</a></li>
215<li><a href="#org95ce99e">Duration</a></li>
216<li><a href="#org9f22bc2">Meetings</a></li>
217<li><a href="#org6082ad2">Outcomes</a>
218<ul>
219<li><a href="#orgf69235f">GitHub repositories</a></li>
220<li><a href="#org3954ec8">Publications</a></li>
221</ul>
222</li>
223<li><a href="#org3af04f6">References</a></li>
224<li><a href="#org0533d9a">Related Projects</a></li>
225</ul>
226</div>
227</div>
228<div id="outline-container-org17ce953" class="outline-2">
229<h2 id="org17ce953">Abstract</h2>
230<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org17ce953">
231<p>
232In WSN/IoT, the localization of nodes are essential to long-running applications
233for accurate environment monitoring and detection of important events, often
234covering a large area in the field. Due to the lower time resolution of typical
235WSN/IoT platforms (e.g., 1 microsecond for ESP32), ranging-based localization
236techniques cannot provide spatial resolution better than ~300 meters. Location
237fingerprinting techniques based on received signal strengths, too, suffer from
238various scattering issues, resulting in lower performance. In this project, we
239are to investigate hybrid localization techniques based on both ranging and
240location fingerprinting, where the lower spatial resolution from ranging could
241be improved by (1) a newly-proposed "multiple two-way message exchanges" scheme
242and (2) location fingerprinting based on received signal strengths and a time
243series of measurement data like the arrival times of periodic beacons. We will
244carry out experiments on a LoRa testbed to demonstrate the feasibility of
245GPS-free geolocation based on the hybrid localization techniques.
246</p>
247</div>
248</div>
249<div id="outline-container-orgcfac1c7" class="outline-2">
250<h2 id="orgcfac1c7">Research questions</h2>
251<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgcfac1c7">
252<p>
253We are to investigate hybrid localization techniques based on both ranging and
254location fingerprinting in the context of GPS-free geolocation based on LoRa.
255The key research questions are:
256</p>
257<ul class="org-ul">
258<li>Can the newly-proposed "multiple two-way message exchanges" scheme address the
259issue of the lower spatial resolution from ranging?</li>
260<li>Can the time series of periodic beacon arrival times provide characteristics
261unique to its measurement location (i.e., the distance between the sender and
262the receiver of beacons)?</li>
263</ul>
264</div>
265</div>
266<div id="outline-container-orgd31165d" class="outline-2">
267<h2 id="orgd31165d">People</h2>
268<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgd31165d">
269</div>
270<div id="outline-container-orgfcca9ea" class="outline-3">
271<h3 id="orgfcca9ea">Supervisors</h3>
272<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orgfcca9ea">
273<ul class="org-ul">
274<li><a href="http://kyeongsoo.github.io/">Dr Kyeong Soo (Joseph) Kim</a> (<a href="https://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/study/departments/academic-departments/communications-and-networking/">Department of Communications and Networking</a>,
275<a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li>
276</ul>
277</div>
278</div>
279<div id="outline-container-org617f63e" class="outline-3">
280<h3 id="org617f63e">Research Assistant</h3>
281<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org617f63e">
282<ul class="org-ul">
283<li>Yiqing Zhou (E-mail: Yiqing.Zhou24_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; MRes Candidate,
284<a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li>
285</ul>
286</div>
287</div>
288<div id="outline-container-org6c5f2d2" class="outline-3">
289<h3 id="org6c5f2d2">Participants</h3>
290<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org6c5f2d2">
291<ul class="org-ul">
292<li>Jiahong Pan (E-mail: Jiahong.Pan22_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 3, BEng
293Electronic Science and Technology, <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li>
294<li>Junhan Chen (E-mail: Junhan.Chen23_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 2, BEng
295Electrical Engineering, <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li>
296<li>
296Yizhuo Liu (E-mail: Yizhuo.Liu23_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 2, BEng
297Telecommunications Engineering, <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li>
298<li>Chenao Lu (E-mail: Chenao.Lu23_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 2, BEng
299Electronic Science and Technology, <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li>
300<li>Xule Zhou (E-mail: Xule.Zhou23_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 2, BEng
301Microelectronic Science and Engineering with Contemporary Entrepreneurialism,
302<a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li>
303<li>Zecan Cheng (E-mail: Zecan.Cheng24_at_student.xjtlu.edu.cn; Year 1, BEng
304Telecommunications Engineering, <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/">XJTLU</a>)</li>
305</ul>
306</div>
307</div>
308</div>
309<div id="outline-container-orgb0f74be" class="outline-2">
310<h2 id="orgb0f74be">Grants</h2>
311<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgb0f74be">
312<ul class="org-ul">
313<li>Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University <a href="http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/research/summer-undergraduate-research-fellowships">Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships
314(SURF)</a> programme (under grant SURF-2025-0217).</li>
315</ul>
316</div>
317</div>
318<div id="outline-container-org95ce99e" class="outline-2">
319<h2 id="org95ce99e">Duration</h2>
320<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org95ce99e">
321<ul class="org-ul">
322<li>Jun./2025&#x2013;Aug./2025 (10 weeks)</li>
323</ul>
324</div>
325</div>
326<div id="outline-container-org9f22bc2" class="outline-2">
327<h2 id="org9f22bc2">Meetings</h2>
328<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org9f22bc2">
329<ul class="org-ul">
330<li>06/24/2025: 2nd meeting, 10:30&#x2013;12:00, IR719
331<ul class="org-ul">
332<li>Kyeong Soo (Joseph) Kim: <a href="./project_overview_20250624.pdf">SURF-2025-0217 Project Overview: GPS-Free
333Geolocation Based on LoRa</a></li>
334</ul></li>
335<li>06/10/2025: Kickoff meeting, 9:00&#x2013;11:00, IR719</li>
336</ul>
337</div>
338</div>
339<div id="outline-container-org6082ad2" class="outline-2">
340<h2 id="org6082ad2">Outcomes</h2>
341<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org6082ad2">
342</div>
343<div id="outline-container-orgf69235f" class="outline-3">
344<h3 id="orgf69235f">GitHub repositories</h3>
345<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orgf69235f">
346<ul class="org-ul">
347<li><i>To be added&#x2026;</i></li>
348</ul>
349</div>
350</div>
351<div id="outline-container-org3954ec8" class="outline-3">
352<h3 id="org3954ec8">Publications</h3>
353<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org3954ec8">
354<ul class="org-ul">
355<li>Yiqing Zhou, Xule Zhou, Zecan Cheng, Chenao Lu, Junhan Chen, Jiahong Pan,
356Yizhuo Liu, Sihao Li and Kyeong Soo Kim, "Impact of environmental factors
357on LoRa 2.4 GHz time of flight ranging outdoors," <i>accepted for
358presentation at <a href="https://is-candar.org/gca25">GCA'25</a></i>, Sep. 27, 2025. (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23125">arXiv</a>)</li>
359</ul>
360</div>
361</div>
362</div>
363<div id="outline-container-org3af04f6" class="outline-2">
364<h2 id="org3af04f6">References</h2>
365<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org3af04f6">
366<ol class="org-ol">
367<li>H. Chen, J. Yang, Z. Hao, T. Qi, and T. Liu, "Research on indoor multi-floor
368positioning method based on LoRa," <i>Computer Networks</i>, vol. 254, no. 110838,
369Dec. 2024.</li>
370<li>Dany Merhej, Iness Ahriz, Lounis Zerioul, Samuel Garcia, and Michel Terré,
371"Joint RSS and ranging fingerprint for LoRa indoor localization," <i>Proc. WCNC
3722024</i>, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Apr. 2024, pp. 1&#x2013;6.</li>
373<li>Christian Gentner, Markus Ulmschneider, Isabel Kuehner, and Armin Dammann,
374"WiFi-RTT indoor positioning," <i>Proc. PLANS 2020</i>, Portland, OR, USA, 2020,
375pp. 1029&#x2013;1035.</li>
376<li>Chaojie Gu, Linshan Jiang, and Rui Tan, "LoRa-based localization:
377Opportunities and challenges," <i>Proc. EWSN'19</i>, Beijing, China, Mar. 2019,
378pp. 413&#x2013;419.</li>
379<li>Jonas Danebjer and Valthor Halldórsson, "A Hybrid Approach to GPS-Free
380Geolocationover LoRa," <i>Master's thesis</i>, Department of Electrical and
381Information Technology, Lund University, Sep. 2018.</li>
382<li>B. C. Fargas and M. N. Petersen, "GPS-free geolocation using LoRa in
383low-power WANs," <i>Proc. GIoTS 2017</i>, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017, pp. 1&#x2013;6.</li>
384<li>Semtech corporation, Application note: An introduction to ranging with the
385SX1280 transceiver, AN1200.29, rev. 1.0, Mar. 2017. Available Online:
386<a href="https://semtech.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#E0000000JelG/a/44000000MDiH/OF02Lve2RzM6pUw9gNgSJXbDNaQJ_NtQ555rLzY3UvY">https://semtech.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/#E0000000JelG/a/44000000MDiH/OF02Lve2RzM6pUw9gNgSJXbDNaQJ_NtQ555rLzY3UvY</a></li>
387<li>S. Lanzisera, D. T. Lin, and K. S. J. Pister, "RF time of flight ranging for
388wireless sensor network localization," <i>Proc. 2006 International Workshop on
389Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems</i>, Vienna, Austria, 2006, pp. 1&#x2013;12.</li>
390</ol>
391</div>
392</div>
393<div id="outline-container-org0533d9a" class="outline-2">
394<h2 id="org0533d9a">Related Projects</h2>
395<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org0533d9a">
396<ul class="org-ul">
397<li>XJTLU PGRS1912001: <a href="../pgrs1912001/index.html">Scalable and Energy-Efficient Multi-Building and
398Multi-Floor Indoor Localisation/Navigation based on Deep Neural Networks with
399a Multivariate Database</a></li>
400<li>XJTLU KSF-E-25: <a href="../ksf-e-25/index.html">Feasibility Study of XJTLU
401Campus-Wide Indoor Localization System Based on Deep Neural Networks</a></li>
402<li>XJTLU SURF-2024-0311: Indoor Localization Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion
403Databases</li>
404<li>XJTLU SURF-2023-0135: Multi-Building, Multi-Floor Time-Varying Indoor
405Localization Database for XJTLU Campus</li>
406<li>XJTLU SURF-2022076: <a href="../surf-2022076/index.html">Scalable Representation of RSSIs for Multi-Building and
407Multi-Floor Indoor Localization Based on Deep Neural Networks</a></li>
408<li>XJTLU SURF-201913: <a href="../surf-201913/index.html">Analysis of XJTLUIndoorLoc Multivariate Dataset for
409DNN-Based Indoor Localization</a></li>
410<li>XJTLU SURF-201830: <a href="../surf-201830/index.html">Trajectory Estimation of Mobile Users/Devices based on
411Wi-Fi Fingerprinting and Deep Neural Networks</a></li>
412<li>XJTLU SURF-201739: <a href="../surf-201739/index.html">Indoor Localisation Based on Wi-Fi Fingerprinting with
413Fuzzy Sets</a></li>
414<li>XJTLU RISGC-2017-4: <a href="../campus_information_services/index.html">Feasibility Assessment and Roadmap for XJTLU Campus
415Information and Visitor Service System as A Test Bed for Large-Scale
416Location-Aware Services in SIP</a></li>
417</ul>
418
419<hr />
420</div>
421</div>
422</div>
423<div id="postamble" class="status">
424<p class="date">Date: Time-stamp: <span class="timestamp-wrapper"><span class="timestamp">&lt;2022-07-15 Fri 21:52&gt;</span></span> Time-stamp: <span class="timestamp-wrapper"><span class="timestamp">&lt;2025-09-30 Tue 13:06&gt;</span></span></p>
425<p class="date">Created: 2026-01-19 Mon 18:33</p>
426<p class="creator"><a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/">Emacs</a> 30.2 (<a href="https://orgmode.org">Org</a> mode 9.7.11)</p>
427<p class="validation"><a href="https://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">Validate</a></p>
428</div>
429</body>
430</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.