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38          <h1>AI on the Bog: Monitoring and Evaluating Cranberry Crop Risk</span></h1>
39          <p class="subtitle"><i>Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, 2021</i></p>
40          <h5><a href="https://periakiva.github.io/" target="_blank"> Peri Akiva</a>, Benjamin Planche, Aditi Roy, <a href="https://www.ece.rutgers.edu/~kdana/" target="_blank"> Kristin Dana</a>, <a href="https://pemaruccicenter.rutgers.edu/people/oudemans.html" target="_blank"> Peter Oudemans, Michael Mars</a></h5>
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50							<img style="width:800px" srcset="./resources/WACV2021_overall_pipeline_round_corners-1.png">
51							<p class="image-caption">Pipeline overview. Cloud image sequence, humidity, and wind speed are used to predict 
52                future berry temperature over a time horizon to determine high risk time periods. Aerial imagery of cranberry 
53                crops are used to obtain count density maps to determine high risk regions. Exposure metrics (number of exposed 
54                cranberries with high berry internal temperature) are made available to the farmer in order to make resource 
55                decision such as crop irrigation. Red dashed boxes indicate high risk regions. Best viewed in color and zoomed.</p>
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64                      <img style="width:800px" srcset="./resources/figure_pipeline_cloud_seg_and_motion_est-1.png">
65                      <p class="image-caption">Training of baseline method for joint semantic segmentation and optical flow regression with additional self-supervision.</p>
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74                    <img style="width:800px" srcset="./resources/WACV2021_cranberry_seg_count_architecture-1.png">
75                    <p class="image-caption">Triple-S Network architecture used in this application. 
76                      Aerial image is input to a U-Net style network with output guided bysegmentation loss, 
77                      L<sub>seg</sub>, split loss, L<sub>split</sub>, and count loss, L<sub>count</sub>. 
78                      W<sub>select</sub> is the selective watershed algorithm 
79                      introduced in [1], and CC is the connected components algorithm.</p>
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88                  <img style="width:650px" srcset="./resources/segmentation_SCCP.png">
89                  <p class="image-caption">Cloud future segmentation results.</p>
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95            <h3>Abstract</h3>
96            <p>Machine vision for precision agriculture has attracted considerable research interest in recent years. 
97              The goal of this paper is to develop an end-end cranberry health monitoring system to enable and support 
98              real time cranberry over-heating assessment to facilitate informed decisions that may sustain the economic 
99              viability of the farm. Toward this goal, we propose two main deep learning-based modules for: 1) cranberry 
100              fruit segmentation to delineate the exact fruit regions in the cranberry field image that are exposed to sun, 
101              2) prediction of cloud coverage conditions to estimate the inner temperature of  exposed cranberries. 
102              We develop drone-based field data and ground-based sky data collection systems to collect video imagery at 
103              multiple time points for use in crop health analysis. Extensive evaluation on the data set shows that it is 
104              possible to predict exposed fruit’s inner temperature with high accuracy (0.02% MAPE) when irradiance is 
105              predicted with 8.41-20.36% MAPE in the 5-20 minutes time horizon. With 62.54% mIoU for segmentation and 
106              13.46 MAE for counting accuracies in exposed fruit identification, this system is capable of giving informed 
107              feedback to growers to take precautionary action (\eg, irrigation) in identified crop field regions with higher 
108              risk of sunburn in the near future. Though this novel system is applied for cranberry health monitoring, it 
109              represents a pioneering step forward in efficiency for farming and is useful in precision agriculture beyond 
110              the problem of cranberry overheating.</p>
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126              <h3>Paper</h3>
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129                  <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.04064.pdf" target="_blank">
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132                  <p class="image-caption">Paper and Supplement (Arxiv)</p>
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135              <p data-tooltip="kgaqi1-tooltip" class="bibtex btn thumbnail has-tip" title="" data-clipboard-text="@misc{akiva2020h2onet,
136                title={H2O-Net: Self-Supervised Flood Segmentation via Adversarial Domain Adaptation and Label Refinement}, 
137                author={Peri Akiva and Matthew Purri and Kristin Dana and Beth Tellman and Tyler Anderson},
138                year={2020},
139                eprint={2010.05309},
140                archivePrefix={arXiv},
141                primaryClass={cs.CV}
142				}" aria-describedby="ue88yi-tooltip" data-yeti-box="ue88yi-tooltip" data-toggle="ue88yi-tooltip" data-resize="ue88yi-tooltip" data-events="resize">
143            @misc{akiva2020ai, <br>
144              &nbsp; title={AI on the Bog: Monitoring and Evaluating Cranberry Crop Risk},  <br>
145              &nbsp; author={Peri Akiva and  Benjamin Planche and Aditi Roy and Kristin Dana and Peter Oudemans and Michael Mars}, <br>
146              &nbsp; eprint={2011.04064}, <br>
147              &nbsp; archivePrefix={arXiv}, <br>
148              &nbsp; primaryClass={cs.CV} <br>
149              &nbsp; year = {2020} <br>
150			  </p>
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