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1</head><body class="inter_5901b7c6-module__ec5Qua__variable flex flex-col items-center justify-between h-auto w-full px-4 md:px-24 pt-16"><div hidden=""><!--$--><!--/$--></div><nav class="fixed top-0 left-0 right-0 z-50 bg-white/90 backdrop-blur-md border-b border-gray-200"><div class="mx-auto flex w-full max-w-6xl items-center justify-end px-8 py-4 text-sm"><div class="hidden md:flex items-center gap-1"><div class="relative group"><a class="flex items-center gap-1 px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 transition-all" href="/"><span>Home</span></a></div><div class="relative group"><a class="flex items-center gap-1 px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 transition-all" href="#"><span>Research</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="text-xs rotate-180 transition-all group-hover:rotate-0" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M256 294.1L383 167c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0s9.3 24.6 0 34L273 345c-9.1 9.1-23.7 9.3-33.1.7L95 201.1c-4.7-4.7-7-10.9-7-17s2.3-12.3 7-17c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l127.1 127z"></path></svg></a><div class="absolute right-0 top-full mt-1 hidden w-auto flex-col gap-0.5 rounded-lg bg-white border border-gray-100 py-2 shadow-lg transition-all group-hover:flex"><a class="flex items-center px-4 py-2 text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 whitespace-nowrap" href="/research/">Research Areas</a><a class="flex items-center px-4 py-2 text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 whitespace-nowrap" href="/pubs/">Publications</a><a class="flex items-center px-4 py-2 text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 whitespace-nowrap" href="/news/">News</a></div></div><div class="relative group"><a class="flex items-center gap-1 px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 transition-all" href="/teaching/"><span>Teaching</span></a></div><div class="relative group"><a class="flex items-center gap-1 px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 transition-all" href="#"><span>Group</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="text-xs rotate-180 transition-all group-hover:rotate-0" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M256 294.1L383 167c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0s9.3 24.6 0 34L273 345c-9.1 9.1-23.7 9.3-33.1.7L95 201.1c-4.7-4.7-7-10.9-7-17s2.3-12.3 7-17c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l127.1 127z"></path></svg></a><div class="absolute right-0 top-full mt-1 hidden w-auto flex-col gap-0.5 rounded-lg bg-white border border-gray-100 py-2 shadow-lg transition-all group-hover:flex"><a class="flex items-center px-4 py-2 text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 whitespace-nowrap" href="/members/">Members</a><a class="flex items-center px-4 py-2 text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 whitespace-nowrap" href="/blog/">Blog</a></div></div><div class="relative group"><a class="flex items-center gap-1 px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 transition-all" href="/gallery/"><span>Gallery</span></a></div><div class="relative group"><a class="flex items-center gap-1 px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 transition-all" href="/openings/"><span>Openings</span></a></div><div class="relative group"><a class="flex items-center gap-1 px-3 py-2 rounded-md text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 transition-all" href="/contact/"><span>Contact</span></a></div></div><button class="md:hidden flex flex-col gap-1.5 p-2 rounded-md text-neutral-400 hover:text-black hover:bg-gray-50 transition-all" aria-label="Open menu"><span class="block w-5 h-0.5 bg-current"></span><span class="block w-5 h-0.5 bg-current"></span><span class="block w-5 h-0.5 bg-current"></span></button></div></nav><div class="flex flex-col items-center justify-between gap-10 max-w-5xl pt-10 pb-10"><h1 class="flex flex-row items-center justify-center p-2 text-4xl"><div class="opacity-100"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" class="w-10 h-10"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M14.25 6.087c0-.355.186-.676.401-.959.221-.29.349-.634.349-1.003 0-1.036-1.007-1.875-2.25-1.875s-2.25.84-2.25 1.875c0 .369.128.713.349 1.003.215.283.401.604.401.959v0a.64.64 0 01-.657.643 48.39 48.39 0 01-4.163-.3c.186 1.613.293 3.25.315 4.907a.656.656 0 01-.658.663v0c-.355 0-.676-.186-.959-.401a1.647 1.647 0 00-1.003-.349c-1.036 0-1.875 1.007-1.875 2.25s.84 2.25 1.875 2.25c.369 0 .713-.128 1.003-.349.283-.215.604-.401.959-.401v0c.31 0 .555.26.532.57a48.039 48.039 0 01-.642 5.
1056c1.518.19 3.058.309 4.616.354a.64.64 0 00.657-.643v0c0-.355-.186-.676-.401-.959a1.647 1.647 0 01-.349-1.003c0-1.035 1.008-1.875 2.25-1.875 1.243 0 2.25.84 2.25 1.875 0 .369-.128.713-.349 1.003-.215.283-.4.604-.4.959v0c0 .333.277.599.61.58a48.1 48.1 0 005.427-.63 48.05 48.05 0 00.582-4.717.532.532 0 00-.533-.57v0c-.355 0-.676.186-.959.401-.29.221-.634.349-1.003.349-1.035 0-1.875-1.007-1.875-2.25s.84-2.25 1.875-2.25c.37 0 .713.128 1.003.349.283.215.604.401.96.401v0a.656.656 0 00.658-.663 48.422 48.422 0 00-.37-5.36c-1.886.342-3.81.574-5.766.689a.578.578 0 01-.61-.58v0z"></path></svg></div><p class="font-bold px-4">Research Areas</p></h1></div><section class="grid grid-cols-1 items-start gap-4 mb-10 max-w-5xl drop-shadow-xl text-sm md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3"><div class="group flex flex-col items-start justify-start w-full h-auto bg-white rounded-lg border border-gray-200 transition-colors"><img alt="News blurb image" loading="lazy" width="0" height="0" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="object-cover rounded-tl-lg rounded-tr-lg w-full h-40" style="color:transparent" src="/images/soft.jpg"/><div class="px-5 py-4"><h2 class="font-bold text-2xl mb-1 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-400 via-gray-700 to-black text-transparent bg-clip-text">Soft mechanics</h2><p class="text-sm text-slate-700 my-1 text-justify">Materials that can undergo large deformation under small magnitude of force are termed soft. Soft materials are all around us, starting with biological materials such as tissues to macroscopic materials such as polymers. In our lab we are understanding how and when materials undergo instabilities, ways to design them with novel responses and controlling their behaviour for a desired function using optimisation techniques.</p><div class="flex flex-col py-4 gap-2"><p class="font-bold">Further reading</p><ul class="list-none px-2 space-y-3"><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2012/sm/c2sm00011c">Morphological instabilities</a></li><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2008/EECS-2008-103.pdf">The elastica: a mathematical history</a></li><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="https://www.academia.edu/download/75296176/1081357172.pdf">Leaves, Flowers and Garbage Bags</a></li><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="https://www.epfl.ch/labs/flexlab/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/research_fracture_tearing_graphene_cracks_marder_physicstoday_2007.pdf">Crumpling, buckling, and cracking</a></li></ul></div><div class="flex flex-row gap-2 flex-wrap"><p class="px-2 bg-lime-100 w-fit rounded-full text-[10px] font-normal text-lime-700 border border-lime-200">Materials</p><p class="px-2 bg-lime-100 w-fit rounded-full text-[10px] font-normal text-lime-700 border border-lime-200">Instability</p><p class="px-2 bg-lime-100 w-fit rounded-full text-[10px] font-normal text-lime-700 border border-lime-200">Control</p></div></div></div><div class="group flex flex-col items-start justify-start w-full h-auto bg-white rounded-lg border border-gray-200 transition-colors"><img alt="News blurb image" loading="lazy" width="0" height="0" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="object-cover rounded-tl-lg rounded-tr-lg w-full h-40" style="color:transparent" src="/images/robotic.png"/><div class="px-5 py-4"><h2 class="font-bold text-2xl mb-1 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-400 via-gray-700 to-black text-transparent bg-clip-text">Robotics &amp; Control</h2><p class="text-sm text-slate-700 my-1 text-justify">Robots sense their environment and respond to cues depending on the encoded rules to perform a desired task.  We use an agent-environment approach which falls under the paradigm of embodied intelligence and utilise ideas from pattern formation theory to execute tasks in complex settings. In parallel we use modern control theoretic and machine learning approaches to design rules for the agents to perform these tasks.</p><div class="flex flex-col py-4 gap-2"><p class="font-bold">Further reading</p><ul class="list-none px-2 space-y-3"><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20051596.pdf">Self-organization and embodiment</a></li><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="http://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/papers/elephants.pdf">Elephants don&#x27;t play chess</a></li><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="https://www.jasss.org/4/1/reviews/kluegl.html">Swarm intelligence</a></li><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="http://people.csail.mit.edu/iida/papers/pfeifer_iida_JSM05.pdf">Morphological computation</a></li></ul></div><div class="flex flex-row gap-2 flex-wrap">
1<p class="px-2 bg-violet-100 w-fit rounded-full text-[10px] font-normal text-violet-600 border border-violet-200">Pattern formation</p><p class="px-2 bg-violet-100 w-fit rounded-full text-[10px] font-normal text-violet-600 border border-violet-200">Learning</p><p class="px-2 bg-violet-100 w-fit rounded-full text-[10px] font-normal text-violet-600 border border-violet-200">Bio-robotics</p></div></div></div><div class="group flex flex-col items-start justify-start w-full h-auto bg-white rounded-lg border border-gray-200 transition-colors"><img alt="News blurb image" loading="lazy" width="0" height="0" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="object-cover rounded-tl-lg rounded-tr-lg w-full h-40" style="color:transparent" src="/images/landscape.png"/><div class="px-5 py-4"><h2 class="font-bold text-2xl mb-1 bg-gradient-to-r from-gray-400 via-gray-700 to-black text-transparent bg-clip-text">Scientific ML</h2><p class="text-sm text-slate-700 my-1 text-justify">Machine Learning has become ubiquitous, pervading all areas of research. However a fundamental understanding on why they perform the way they do is an ongoing challenge. Our group is working on developing a physical understanding of these techniques using techniques from statistical physics and control theory. We are currently working on problems in generative models, Reinforcement Learning and generalization of multimodal models.</p><div class="flex flex-col py-4 gap-2"><p class="font-bold">Further reading</p><ul class="list-none px-2 space-y-3"><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="https://physicsbaseddeeplearning.org/physgrad.html">Physics based ML</a></li><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="https://algorithmsbook.com/">Algorithms for decision making</a></li><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="https://www.inference.org.uk/itprnn/book.pdf">Information Theory and Learning Algorithms</a></li><li><a class="text-gray-900 bg-white border border-gray-300 focus:outline-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-4 focus:ring-gray-200 font-md rounded-full text-xs px-2 py-1      " href="https://neurophysics.ucsd.edu/courses/physics_171/Sompolinsky_PhysicsToday.pdf">Statistical Mechanics of Neural Networks</a></li></ul></div><div class="flex flex-row gap-2 flex-wrap"><p class="px-2 bg-sky-100 w-fit rounded-full text-[10px] font-normal text-sky-600 border border-sky-200">ML</p><p class="px-2 bg-sky-100 w-fit rounded-full text-[10px] font-normal text-sky-600 border border-sky-200">Statistical Physics</p><p class="px-2 bg-sky-100 w-fit rounded-full text-[10px] font-normal text-sky-600 border border-sky-200">Optimisation</p></div></div></div></section><!--$--><!--/$--><footer class="w-full border-t border-gray-200 py-6"><div class="flex flex-col items-center justify-between gap-10 md:flex-row w-full max-w-6xl mx-auto"><a href="https://apm.iitm.ac.in" class="group opacity-50 hover:opacity-100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><p class="text-center text-sm font-light md:text-left">Department of Applied Mechanics<br/>and Biomedical Engineering, IIT Madras<br/>Chennai, TN 600036.</p></a><a class="group opacity-50 hover:opacity-100" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/"><img alt="Interface lab Logo" loading="lazy" width="200" height="100" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="relative" style="color:transparent" src="/logo.svg"/></a><a href="https://apm.iitm.ac.in" class="group opacity-50 hover:opacity-100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img alt="IIT Madras logo" width="80" height="80" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="relative" style="color:transparent" src="/iitmlogo.svg"/></a></div></footer>
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