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OD(this._root)}};function fh(e,t){t.value._routerState=e,t.children.forEach(n=>fh(e,n))}function OD(e){let t=e.children.length>0?` { ${e.children.map(OD).join(`, `)} } `:``;return`${e.value}${t}`}function Wf(e){if(e.snapshot){let t=e.snapshot,n=e._futureSnapshot;e.snapshot=n,jt$1(t.queryParams,n.queryParams)||e.queryParamsSubject.next(n.queryParams),t.fragment!==n.fragment&&e.fragmentSubject.next(n.fragment),jt$1(t.params,n.params)||e.paramsSubject.next(n.params),bM(t.url,n.url)||e.urlSubject.next(n.url),jt$1(t.data,n.data)||e.dataSubject.next(n.data)}else e.snapshot=e._futureSnapshot,e.dataSubject.next(e._futureSnapshot.data)}function th(e,t){let n=jt$1(e.params,t.params)&&NM(e.url,t.url),r=!e.parent!=!t.parent;return n&&!r&&(!e.parent||th(e.parent,t.parent))}function kD(e){return typeof e.title==`string`||e.title===null}var PD=new D(``);var hh=(()=>{class e{activated=null;get activatedComponentRef(){return this.activated}_activatedRoute=null;name=x;activateEvents=new be;deactivateEvents=new be;attachEvents=new be;detachEvents=new be;routerOutletData=ec();parentContexts=p(xn$1);location=p(lr$1);changeDetector=p(no$1);inputBinder=p(zi$1,{optional:!0});supportsBindingToComponentInputs=!0;ngOnChanges(n){if(n.name){let{firstChange:r,previousValue:o}=n.name;if(r)return;this.isTrackedInParentContexts(o)&&(this.deactivate(),this.parentContexts.onChildOutletDestroyed(o)),this.initializeOutletWithName()}}ngOnDestroy(){this.isTrackedInParentContexts(this.name)&&this.parentContexts.onChildOutletDestroyed(this.name),this.inputBinder?.unsubscribeFromRouteData(this)}isTrackedInParentContexts(n){return this.parentContexts.getContext(n)?.outlet===this}ngOnInit(){this.initializeOutletWithName()}initializeOutletWithName(){if(this.parentContexts.onChildOutletCreated(this.name,this),this.activated)return;let n=this.parentContexts.getContext(this.name);n?.route&&(n.attachRef?this.attach(n.attachRef,n.route):this.activateWith(n.route,n.injector))}get isActivated(){return!!this.activated}get component(){if(!this.activated)throw new y(4012,!1);return this.activated.instance}get activatedRoute(){if(!this.activated)throw new y(4012,!1);return this._activatedRoute}get activatedRouteData(){return this._activatedRoute?this._activatedRoute.snapshot.data:{}}detach(){if(!this.activated)throw new y(4012,!1);this.location.detach();let n=this.activated;return this.activated=null,this._activatedRoute=null,this.detachEvents.emit(n.instance),n}attach(n,r){this.activated=n,this._activatedRoute=r,this.location.insert(n.hostView),this.inputBinder?.bindActivatedRouteToOutletComponent(this,this.location.injector),this.attachEvents.emit(n.instance)}deactivate(){if(this.activated){let n=this.component;this.activated.destroy(),this.activated=null,this._activatedRoute=null,this.deactivateEvents.emit(n)}}activateWith(n,r){if(this.isActivated)throw new y(4013,!1);this._activatedRoute=n;let o=this.location,s=n.snapshot.component,a=this.parentContexts.getOrCreateContext(this.name).children,c=new nh(n,a,o.injector,this.routerOutletData);this.activated=o.createComponent(s,{index:o.length,injector:c,environmentInjector:r}),this.changeDetector.markForCheck(),this.inputBinder?.bindActivatedRouteToOutletComponent(this,this.location.injector),this.activateEvents.emit(this.activated.instance)}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵdir=dr$1({type:e,selectors:[[`router-outlet`]],inputs:{name:`name`,routerOutletData:[1,`routerOutletData`]},outputs:{activateEvents:`activate`,deactivateEvents:`deactivate`,attachEvents:`attach`,detachEvents:`detach`},exportAs:[`outlet`],features:[cr$1]})}return e})();var nh=class{route;childContexts;parent;outletData;constructor(t,n,r,o){this.route=t,this.childContexts=n,this.parent=r,this.outletData=o}get(t,n){return t===ln$1?this.route:t===xn$1?this.childContexts:t===PD?this.outletData:this.parent.get(t,n)}};var zi$1=new D(``);var LD=(()=>{class e{options;feature;outletDataSubscriptions=new Map;outletSeenKeys=new Map;outletEffects=new Map;constructor(n,r=null){this.options=n,this.feature=r,this.options.queryParams??=!0}bindActivatedRouteToOutletComponent(n,r){this.unsubscribeFromRouteData(n),this.subscribeToRouteData(n,r)}unsubscribeFromRouteData(n){this.outletDataSubscriptions.get(n)?.unsubscribe(),this.outletDataSubscriptions.delete(n),this.outletSeenKeys.delete(n),this.outletEffects.get(n)?.forEach(r=>r.destroy()),this.outletEffects.delete(n)}subscribeToRouteData(n,r){let{activatedRoute:o}=n,i=[],s=[];if(this.feature?.createResourceOutletBindingEffects&&n.activatedComponentRef){let{handledKeys:c,createdEffects:u}=this.feature.createResourceOutletBindingEffects(n.activatedComponentRef,o);i.push(...u),s=c}i.length>0&&this.outletEffects.set(n,i);let a=Ts([this.options.queryParams?o.queryParams:N({}),o.params,o.data]).pipe(Ae$1(([c,u,l],d)=>(l=m(m(m(m({},c),u),l),o.resources),d===0?N(l):Promise.resolve(l)))).subscribe(c=>{if(!n.isActivated||!n.activatedComponentRef||n.activatedRoute!==o||o.component===null){this.unsubscribeFromRouteData(n);return}let u=vf(o.component);if(!u){this.unsubscribeFromRouteData(n);return}let l=this.outletSeenKeys.get(n);l||(l=new Set,this.outletSeenKeys.set(n,l));for(let h of Object.keys(c))l.add(h);let d=this.options.unmatchedInputBehavior??`alwaysUndefined`;for(let{templateName:h}of u.inputs){if(s.includes(h))continue;let f=c[h];
5(f!==void 0||d===`alwaysUndefined`||l.has(h))&&n.activatedComponentRef.setInput(h,f)}});this.outletDataSubscriptions.set(n,a)}static ɵfac=function(r){di()};static ɵprov=S({token:e,factory:e.ɵfac})}return e})();var ph=(()=>{class e{static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵcmp=ef({type:e,selectors:[[`ng-component`]],exportAs:[`emptyRouterOutlet`],decls:1,vars:0,template:function(r,o){r&1&&Za$1(0,`router-outlet`)},dependencies:[hh],encapsulation:2,changeDetection:1})}return e})();function gh(e){let t=e.children&&e.children.map(gh),n=t?j(m({},e),{children:t}):m({},e);return!n.component&&!n.loadComponent&&(t||n.loadChildren)&&n.outlet&&n.outlet!==x&&(n.component=ph),n}var co$1=`imperative`;var ye$1=(function(e){return e[e.NavigationStart=0]=`NavigationStart`,e[e.NavigationEnd=1]=`NavigationEnd`,e[e.NavigationCancel=2]=`NavigationCancel`,e[e.NavigationError=3]=`NavigationError`,e[e.RoutesRecognized=4]=`RoutesRecognized`,e[e.ResolveStart=5]=`ResolveStart`,e[e.ResolveEnd=6]=`ResolveEnd`,e[e.GuardsCheckStart=7]=`GuardsCheckStart`,e[e.GuardsCheckEnd=8]=`GuardsCheckEnd`,e[e.RouteConfigLoadStart=9]=`RouteConfigLoadStart`,e[e.RouteConfigLoadEnd=10]=`RouteConfigLoadEnd`,e[e.ChildActivationStart=11]=`ChildActivationStart`,e[e.ChildActivationEnd=12]=`ChildActivationEnd`,e[e.ActivationStart=13]=`ActivationStart`,e[e.ActivationEnd=14]=`ActivationEnd`,e[e.Scroll=15]=`Scroll`,e[e.NavigationSkipped=16]=`NavigationSkipped`,e})(ye$1||{});var We$2=class{id;url;constructor(t,n){this.id=t,this.url=n}};var On$1=class extends We$2{type=ye$1.NavigationStart;navigationTrigger;restoredState;constructor(t,n,r=`imperative`,o=null){super(t,n),this.navigationTrigger=r,this.restoredState=o}toString(){return`NavigationStart(id: ${this.id}, url: '${this.url}')`}};var Ze=class extends We$2{urlAfterRedirects;type=ye$1.NavigationEnd;constructor(t,n,r){super(t,n),this.urlAfterRedirects=r}toString(){return`NavigationEnd(id: ${this.id}, url: '${this.url}', urlAfterRedirects: '${this.urlAfterRedirects}')`}};var Ne$1=(function(e){return e[e.Redirect=0]=`Redirect`,e[e.SupersededByNewNavigation=1]=`SupersededByNewNavigation`,e[e.NoDataFromResolver=2]=`NoDataFromResolver`,e[e.GuardRejected=3]=`GuardRejected`,e[e.Aborted=4]=`Aborted`,e})(Ne$1||{});var ho=(function(e){return e[e.IgnoredSameUrlNavigation=0]=`IgnoredSameUrlNavigation`,e[e.IgnoredByUrlHandlingStrategy=1]=`IgnoredByUrlHandlingStrategy`,e})(ho||{});var rt$2=class extends We$2{reason;code;type=ye$1.NavigationCancel;constructor(t,n,r,o){super(t,n),this.reason=r,this.code=o}toString(){return`NavigationCancel(id: ${this.id}, url: '${this.url}')`}};function FD(e){return e instanceof rt$2&&(e.code===Ne$1.Redirect||e.code===Ne$1.SupersededByNewNavigation)}var Ut$1=class extends We$2{reason;code;type=ye$1.NavigationSkipped;constructor(t,n,r,o){super(t,n),this.reason=r,this.code=o}};var pr$1=class extends We$2{error;target;type=ye$1.NavigationError;constructor(t,n,r,o){super(t,n),this.error=r,this.target=o}toString(){return`NavigationError(id: ${this.id}, url: '${this.url}', error: ${this.error})`}};var Ui$1=class extends We$2{urlAfterRedirects;state;type=ye$1.RoutesRecognized;constructor(t,n,r,o){super(t,n),this.urlAfterRedirects=r,this.state=o}toString(){return`RoutesRecognized(id: ${this.id}, url: '${this.url}', urlAfterRedirects: '${this.urlAfterRedirects}', state: ${this.state})`}};var Fc=class extends We$2{urlAfterRedirects;state;type=ye$1.GuardsCheckStart;constructor(t,n,r,o){super(t,n),this.urlAfterRedirects=r,this.state=o}toString(){return`GuardsCheckStart(id: ${this.id}, url: '${this.url}', urlAfterRedirects: '${this.urlAfterRedirects}', state: ${this.state})`}};var jc=class extends We$2{urlAfterRedirects;state;shouldActivate;type=ye$1.GuardsCheckEnd;constructor(t,n,r,o,i){super(t,n),this.urlAfterRedirects=r,this.state=o,this.shouldActivate=i}toString(){return`GuardsCheckEnd(id: ${this.id}, url: '${this.url}', urlAfterRedirects: '${this.urlAfterRedirects}', state: ${this.state}, shouldActivate: ${this.shouldActivate})`}};var Uc=class extends We$2{urlAfterRedirects;state;type=ye$1.ResolveStart;constructor(t,n,r,o){super(t,n),this.urlAfterRedirects=r,this.state=o}toString(){return`ResolveStart(id: ${this.id}, url: '${this.url}', urlAfterRedirects: '${this.urlAfterRedirects}', state: ${this.state})`}};var Bc=class extends We$2{urlAfterRedirects;state;type=ye$1.ResolveEnd;constructor(t,n,r,o){super(t,n),this.urlAfterRedirects=r,this.state=o}toString(){return`ResolveEnd(id: ${this.id}, url: '${this.url}', urlAfterRedirects: '${this.urlAfterRedirects}', state: ${this.state})`}};var Vc=class{route;type=ye$1.RouteConfigLoadStart;constructor(t){this.route=t}toString(){return`RouteConfigLoadStart(path: ${this.route.path})`}};var Hc=class{route;type=ye$1.RouteConfigLoadEnd;constructor(t){this.route=t}toString(){return`RouteConfigLoadEnd(path: ${this.route.path})`}};var $c=class{snapshot;type=ye$1.ChildActivationStart;constructor(t){this.snapshot=t}toString(){return`ChildActivationStart(path: '${this.snapshot.routeConfig&&this.snapshot.routeConfig.path||``}')`}};var zc=class{snapshot;type=ye$1.ChildActivationEnd;constructor(t){this.snapshot=t}toString(){return`ChildActivationEnd(path: '${this.snapshot.routeConfig&&this.snapshot.routeConfig.path||``}')`}};var Gc=class{snapshot;type=ye$1.ActivationStart;constructor(t){this.snapshot=t}toString(){return`ActivationStart(path: '${this.snapshot.routeConfig&&this.snapshot.routeConfig.path||``}')`}};var qc=class{snapshot;type=ye$1.ActivationEnd;constructor(t){this.snapshot=t}toString(){return`ActivationEnd(path: '${this.snapshot.routeConfig&&this.snapshot.routeConfig.path||``}')`}};var po$1=class{routerEvent;position;anchor;scrollBehavior;type=ye$1.Scroll;constructor(t,n,r,o){this.routerEvent=t,this.position=n,this.anchor=r,this.scrollBehavior=o}toString(){let t=this.position?`${this.position[0]}, ${this.position[1]}`:null;return`Scroll(anchor: '${this.anchor}', position: '${t}')`}};var go$1=class{};var Bi$1=class{};var mo$1=class{url;navigationBehaviorOptions;constructor(t,n){this.url=t,this.navigationBehaviorOptions=n}};function KM(e){return!(e instanceof go$1)&&!(e instanceof mo$1)&&!(e instanceof Bi$1)}function XM(e,t,n){let r=new Set;return{newlyCreatedRoutes:r,state:new Fi$1(Vi$1(e,t._root,n?n._root:void 0,r),t)}}function Vi$1(e,t,n,r){if(n&&e.shouldReuseRoute(t.value,n.value.snapshot)){let o=n.value;o._setPending(t.value);return new Le(o,JM(e,t,n,r))}else{if(e.shouldAttach(t.value)){let s=e.retrieve(t.value);if(s!==null){let a=s.route;return a.value._setPending(t.value),a.children=t.children.map(c=>Vi$1(e,c,void 0,r)),a}}let o=eN(t.value);o._setPending(t.value),r.add(o);return new Le(o,t.children.map(s=>Vi$1(e,s,void 0,r)))}}function JM(e,t,n,r){return t.children.map(o=>{for(let i of n.children)if(e.shouldReuseRoute(o.value,i.value.snapshot))return Vi$1(e,o,i,r);return Vi$1(e,o,void 0,r)})}function eN(e){return new ln$1(new De(e.url),new De(e.params),new De(e.queryParams),new De(e.fragment),new De(e.data),e.outlet,e.component,e)}
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5if(this.abortSignal.aborted)throw new Error(this.abortSignal.reason);if(yield Rc(IN(t,n,r,this.urlSerializer,this.abortSignal))){let i=yield this.configLoader.loadChildren(t,n);return n._loadedRoutes=i.routes,n._loadedInjector=i.injector,n._loadedNgModuleFactory=i.factory,i}throw bN(n)}return{routes:[],injector:t}})}};function LN(e){e.sort((t,n)=>t.value.outlet===x?-1:n.value.outlet===x?1:t.value.outlet.localeCompare(n.value.outlet))}function FN(e){let t=e.value.routeConfig;return t&&t.path===``}function WD(e){let t=[],n=new Set;for(let o of e){if(!FN(o)){t.push(o);continue}let i=t.find(s=>o.value.routeConfig===s.value.routeConfig);i!==void 0?(i.children.push(...o.children),n.add(i)):t.push(o)}for(let o of n){let i=WD(o.children);t.push(new Le(o.value,i))}let r=t.filter(o=>!n.has(o));return jN(r),r}function jN(e){let t=Object.create(null);e.forEach(n=>{let r=t[n.value.outlet];if(r){r.url.map(s=>s.toString()).join(`/`);n.value.url.map(s=>s.toString()).join(`/`);throw new y(4006,!1)}t[n.value.outlet]=n.value})}function UN(e){return e.data||{}}function BN(e){return e.resolve||{}}function VN(e,t,n,r,o,i,s){return pe(a=>V(null,null,function*(){let{state:c,tree:u}=yield kN(e,t,n,r,a.extractedUrl,o,i,s);return j(m({},a),{targetSnapshot:c,urlAfterRedirects:u})}))}function HN(e){return pe(t=>{let{targetSnapshot:n,guards:{canActivateChecks:r}}=t;if(!r.length)return N(t);let o=new Set(r.map(a=>a.route)),i=new Set;for(let a of o)if(!i.has(a))for(let c of ZD(a))i.add(c);let s=0;return J(i).pipe(yn$1(a=>o.has(a)?$N(a,n,e):(a.data=dh(a,a.parent,e).resolve,N(void 0))),Qe(()=>s++),_s(1),pe(a=>s===i.size?N(t):Ee$1))})}function ZD(e){return[e,...e.children.map(n=>ZD(n)).flat()]}function $N(e,t,n){let r=e.routeConfig,o=e._resolve;return r?.title!==void 0&&!kD(r)&&(o[$i$1]=r.title),To$1(()=>(e.data=dh(e,e.parent,n).resolve,zN(o,e,t).pipe(q(i=>(e._resolvedData=i,e.data=m(m({},e.data),i),null)))))}function zN(e,t,n){let r=Yf(e);if(r.length===0)return N({});let o={};return J(r).pipe(pe(i=>GN(e[i],t,n).pipe(zt$1(),Qe(s=>{if(s instanceof gr$1)throw ki$1(new un$1,s);o[i]=s}))),_s(1),q(()=>o),Gn(i=>VD(i)?Ee$1:Cu(i)))}function GN(e,t,n){let r=t._environmentInjector,o=vo$1(e,r);return mr$1(o.resolve?o.resolve(t,n):de(r,()=>o(t,n)))}var mh=new D(``);function ch(e){return Ae$1(t=>{let n=e(t);return n?J(n).pipe(q(()=>t)):N(t)})}var yh=(()=>{class e{buildTitle(n){let r,o=n.root;for(;o!==void 0;)r=this.getResolvedTitleForRoute(o)??r,o=o.children.find(i=>i.outlet===x);return r}getResolvedTitleForRoute(n){return n.data[$i$1]}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:()=>p(YD)})}return e})();var YD=(()=>{class e extends yh{title;constructor(n){super(),this.title=n}updateTitle(n){let r=this.buildTitle(n);r!==void 0&&this.title.setTitle(r)}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)(w(uD))};static ɵprov=S({token:e,factory:e.ɵfac,providedIn:`root`})}return e})();var Pn$1=new D(``,{factory:()=>({})});var Do$1=new D(``);var Qc=(()=>{class e{componentLoaders=new WeakMap;childrenLoaders=new WeakMap;onLoadStartListener;onLoadEndListener;compiler=p(pf);loadComponent(n,r){return V(this,null,function*(){if(this.componentLoaders.get(r))return this.componentLoaders.get(r);if(r._loadedComponent)return Promise.resolve(r._loadedComponent);this.onLoadStartListener&&this.onLoadStartListener(r);let o=V(this,null,function*(){try{let s=yield KD(yf(yield vD(de(n,()=>r.loadComponent()))));return this.onLoadEndListener&&this.onLoadEndListener(r),r._loadedComponent=s,s}finally{this.componentLoaders.delete(r)}});return this.componentLoaders.set(r,o),o})}loadChildren(n,r){if(this.childrenLoaders.get(r))return this.childrenLoaders.get(r);if(r._loadedRoutes)return Promise.resolve({routes:r._loadedRoutes,injector:r._loadedInjector});this.onLoadStartListener&&this.onLoadStartListener(r);let o=V(this,null,function*(){try{let i=yield QD(r,this.compiler,n,this.onLoadEndListener);return r._loadedRoutes=i.routes,r._loadedInjector=i.injector,r._loadedNgModuleFactory=i.factory,i}finally{this.childrenLoaders.delete(r)}});return this.childrenLoaders.set(r,o),o}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:e.ɵfac})}return e})();function QD(e,t,n,r){return V(this,null,function*(){let i=yield KD(yf(yield vD(de(n,()=>e.loadChildren())))),s;i instanceof $a$1||Array.isArray(i)?s=i:s=yield t.compileModuleAsync(i),r&&r(e);let a,c,l;return Array.isArray(s)?c=s:(a=s.create(n).injector,l=s,c=a.get(Do$1,[],{optional:!0,self:!0}).flat()),{routes:c.map(gh),injector:a,factory:l}})}function KD(e){return V(this,null,function*(){return e})}var Kc=(()=>{class e{static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:()=>p(qN)})}return e})();var qN=(()=>{class e{shouldProcessUrl(n){return!0}extract(n){return n}merge(n,r){return n}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:e.ɵfac})}return e})();var vh=new D(``);var Dh=new D(``);function XD(e,t,n,r){let o=e.get(Dh),i=e.get(Y);if(r){o.skipNextTransition=!1;return}if(!i.startViewTransition||o.skipNextTransition)return o.skipNextTransition=!1,new Promise(l=>setTimeout(l));let s,a=new Promise(l=>{s=l}),c=i.startViewTransition(()=>(s(),WN(e)));c.updateCallbackDone.catch(l=>{}),c.ready.catch(l=>{}),c.finished.catch(l=>{});let{onViewTransitionCreated:u}=o;return u&&de(e,()=>u({transition:c,from:t,to:n})),a}function WN(e){return new Promise(t=>{Ua$1({read:()=>setTimeout(t)},{injector:e})})}var ZN=()=>{};var Eh=new D(``);var Xc=(()=>{class e{currentNavigation=ue$1(null,{equal:()=>!1});currentTransition=null;lastSuccessfulNavigation=ue$1(null);events=new ne$1;
5transitionAbortWithErrorSubject=new ne$1;configLoader=p(Qc);environmentInjector=p(re);destroyRef=p(ke);urlSerializer=p(kn$1);rootContexts=p(xn$1);location=p(Nn$1);inputBindingEnabled=p(zi$1,{optional:!0})!==null;titleStrategy=p(yh);options=p(Pn$1,{optional:!0})||{};paramsInheritanceStrategy=this.options.paramsInheritanceStrategy||QM;urlHandlingStrategy=p(Kc);createViewTransition=p(vh,{optional:!0});navigationErrorHandler=p(Eh,{optional:!0});routerResourcesFeature=p(mh,{optional:!0});navigationId=0;get hasRequestedNavigation(){return this.navigationId!==0}transitions;afterPreactivation=()=>N(void 0);rootComponentType=null;destroyed=!1;constructor(){let n=o=>this.events.next(new Vc(o)),r=o=>this.events.next(new Hc(o));this.configLoader.onLoadEndListener=r,this.configLoader.onLoadStartListener=n,this.destroyRef.onDestroy(()=>{this.destroyed=!0})}complete(){this.transitions?.complete()}handleNavigationRequest(n){let r=++this.navigationId;W(()=>{this.transitions?.next(j(m({},n),{extractedUrl:this.urlHandlingStrategy.extract(n.rawUrl),targetSnapshot:null,targetRouterState:null,guards:{canActivateChecks:[],canDeactivateChecks:[]},guardsResult:null,id:r,routesRecognizeHandler:{},beforeActivateHandler:{}}))})}setupNavigations(n){return this.transitions=new De(null),this.transitions.pipe(He(r=>r!==null),Ae$1(r=>{let o=!0,i=!1,s=new AbortController,a=()=>!i&&this.currentTransition?.id===r.id;return N(r).pipe(Ae$1(c=>{if(this.navigationId>r.id)return this.cancelNavigationTransition(r,``,Ne$1.SupersededByNewNavigation),Ee$1;this.currentTransition=r;let u=this.lastSuccessfulNavigation();this.currentNavigation.set({id:c.id,initialUrl:c.rawUrl,extractedUrl:c.extractedUrl,targetBrowserUrl:typeof c.extras.browserUrl==`string`?this.urlSerializer.parse(c.extras.browserUrl):c.extras.browserUrl,trigger:c.source,extras:c.extras,previousNavigation:u?j(m({},u),{previousNavigation:null}):null,abort:()=>s.abort(),routesRecognizeHandler:c.routesRecognizeHandler,beforeActivateHandler:c.beforeActivateHandler});let l=!n.navigated||this.isUpdatingInternalState()||this.isUpdatedBrowserUrl(),d=c.extras.onSameUrlNavigation??n.onSameUrlNavigation;if(!l&&d!==`reload`)return this.events.next(new Ut$1(c.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.rawUrl),``,ho.IgnoredSameUrlNavigation)),c.resolve(!1),Ee$1;if(this.urlHandlingStrategy.shouldProcessUrl(c.rawUrl))return N(c).pipe(Ae$1(h=>(this.events.next(new On$1(h.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(h.extractedUrl),h.source,h.restoredState)),h.id!==this.navigationId?Ee$1:Promise.resolve(h))),VN(this.environmentInjector,this.configLoader,this.rootComponentType,n.config,this.urlSerializer,this.paramsInheritanceStrategy,s.signal),Qe(h=>{r.targetSnapshot=h.targetSnapshot,r.urlAfterRedirects=h.urlAfterRedirects,this.currentNavigation.update(f=>(f.finalUrl=h.urlAfterRedirects,f)),this.events.next(new Bi$1)}),Ae$1(h=>J(r.routesRecognizeHandler.deferredHandle??N(void 0)).pipe(q(()=>h))),Qe(()=>{let h=new Ui$1(c.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.extractedUrl),this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.urlAfterRedirects),c.targetSnapshot);this.events.next(h)}));if(l&&this.urlHandlingStrategy.shouldProcessUrl(c.currentRawUrl)){let{id:h,extractedUrl:f,source:g,restoredState:v,extras:I}=c,_=new On$1(h,this.urlSerializer.serialize(f),g,v);this.events.next(_);let E=xD(this.rootComponentType,this.environmentInjector).snapshot;return this.currentTransition=r=j(m({},c),{targetSnapshot:E,urlAfterRedirects:f,extras:j(m({},I),{skipLocationChange:!1,replaceUrl:!1})}),this.currentNavigation.update(O=>(O.finalUrl=f,O)),N(r)}else return this.events.next(new Ut$1(c.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.extractedUrl),``,ho.IgnoredByUrlHandlingStrategy)),c.resolve(!1),Ee$1}),q(c=>{let u=new Fc(c.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.extractedUrl),this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.urlAfterRedirects),c.targetSnapshot);return this.events.next(u),this.currentTransition=r=j(m({},c),{guards:nN(c.targetSnapshot,c.currentSnapshot,this.rootContexts)}),r}),hN(c=>this.events.next(c)),Ae$1(c=>{if(r.guardsResult=c.guardsResult,c.guardsResult&&typeof c.guardsResult!=`boolean`)throw ki$1(this.urlSerializer,c.guardsResult);let u=new jc(c.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.extractedUrl),this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.urlAfterRedirects),c.targetSnapshot,!!c.guardsResult);if(this.events.next(u),!a())return Ee$1;if(!c.guardsResult)return this.cancelNavigationTransition(c,``,Ne$1.GuardRejected),Ee$1;if(c.guards.canActivateChecks.length===0)return N(c);let l=new Uc(c.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.extractedUrl),this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.urlAfterRedirects),c.targetSnapshot);if(this.events.next(l),!a())return Ee$1;let d=!1;return N(c).pipe(HN(this.paramsInheritanceStrategy),Qe({next:()=>{d=!0;let h=new Bc(c.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.extractedUrl),this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.urlAfterRedirects),c.targetSnapshot);this.events.next(h)},complete:()=>
5{d||this.cancelNavigationTransition(c,``,Ne$1.NoDataFromResolver)}}))}),ch(c=>{let u=d=>{let h=[];if(d.routeConfig?._loadedComponent)d.component=d.routeConfig?._loadedComponent;else if(d.routeConfig?.loadComponent){let f=d._environmentInjector;h.push(this.configLoader.loadComponent(f,d.routeConfig).then(g=>{d.component=g}))}for(let f of d.children)h.push(...u(f));return h},l=u(c.targetSnapshot.root);return l.length===0?N(c):J(Promise.all(l).then(()=>c))}),Ae$1(c=>{let{newlyCreatedRoutes:u,state:l}=XM(n.routeReuseStrategy,c.targetSnapshot,c.currentRouterState);return this.currentTransition=r=c=j(m({},c),{targetRouterState:l,newlyCreatedRoutes:u}),this.currentNavigation.update(d=>(d.targetRouterState=l,d)),N(c)}),this.routerResourcesFeature?.setupAndRunResources(s.signal)??(c=>c),ch(()=>this.afterPreactivation()),Ae$1(()=>{let{currentSnapshot:c,targetSnapshot:u}=r,l=this.createViewTransition?.(this.environmentInjector,c.root,u.root,r.hasUAVisualTransition);return l?J(l).pipe(q(()=>r)):N(r)}),$t(1),Ae$1(c=>{o=!1,this.events.next(new go$1);let u=r.beforeActivateHandler.deferredHandle;return u?J(u.then(()=>c)):N(c)}),Qe(c=>{new rh(n.routeReuseStrategy,r.targetRouterState,r.currentRouterState,u=>this.events.next(u),this.inputBindingEnabled).activate(this.rootContexts),c.newlyCreatedRoutes?.clear(),a()&&(JD(c.targetRouterState),i=!0,this.currentNavigation.update(u=>(u.abort=ZN,u)),this.lastSuccessfulNavigation.set(W(this.currentNavigation)),this.events.next(new Ze(c.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.extractedUrl),this.urlSerializer.serialize(c.urlAfterRedirects))),this.titleStrategy?.updateTitle(c.targetRouterState.snapshot),c.resolve(!0))}),_o$1(HD(s.signal).pipe(He(()=>!i&&o),Qe(()=>{this.cancelNavigationTransition(r,s.signal.reason+``,Ne$1.Aborted)}))),Qe({complete:()=>{i=!0}}),_o$1(this.transitionAbortWithErrorSubject.pipe(Qe(c=>{throw c}))),Nr$1(()=>{s.abort(),i||this.cancelNavigationTransition(r,``,Ne$1.SupersededByNewNavigation),this.currentTransition?.id===r.id&&(this.currentNavigation.set(null),this.currentTransition=null)}),Gn(c=>{if(i=!0,gD(r),this.destroyed)return r.resolve(!1),Ee$1;if(c instanceof gr$1&&(c=ki$1(this.urlSerializer,c)),BD(c))this.events.next(new rt$2(r.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(r.extractedUrl),c.message,c.cancellationCode)),tN(c)?this.events.next(new mo$1(c.url,c.navigationBehaviorOptions)):r.resolve(!1);else{let u=new pr$1(r.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(r.extractedUrl),c,r.targetSnapshot??void 0);try{let l=de(this.environmentInjector,()=>this.navigationErrorHandler?.(u));if(l instanceof gr$1){let{message:d,cancellationCode:h}=ki$1(this.urlSerializer,l);this.events.next(new rt$2(r.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(r.extractedUrl),d,h)),this.events.next(new mo$1(l.redirectTo,l.navigationBehaviorOptions))}else throw this.events.next(u),c}catch(l){this.options.resolveNavigationPromiseOnError?r.resolve(!1):r.reject(l)}}return Ee$1}))}))}cancelNavigationTransition(n,r,o){gD(n);let i=new rt$2(n.id,this.urlSerializer.serialize(n.extractedUrl),r,o);this.events.next(i),n.resolve(!1)}isUpdatingInternalState(){return this.currentTransition?.extractedUrl.toString()!==this.currentTransition?.currentUrlTree.toString()}isUpdatedBrowserUrl(){let n=this.urlHandlingStrategy.extract(this.urlSerializer.parse(this.location.path(!0))),r=W(this.currentNavigation),o=r?.targetBrowserUrl??r?.extractedUrl;return n.toString()!==o?.toString()&&!r?.extras.skipLocationChange}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:e.ɵfac})}return e})();function YN(e){return e!==co$1}function gD(e){for(let t of e.newlyCreatedRoutes??[])t._localInjector?.destroy(),t._localInjector=void 0;JD(e.targetRouterState)}function JD(e){if(!e)return;let t=n=>{n.value.pending?.set(!1),n.children.forEach(t)};t(e._root)}var eE=new D(``);var tE=(()=>{class e{static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:()=>p(QN)})}return e})();var Zc=class{shouldDetach(t){return!1}store(t,n){}shouldAttach(t){return!1}retrieve(t){return null}shouldReuseRoute(t,n){return t.routeConfig===n.routeConfig}shouldDestroyInjector(t){return!0}};var QN=(()=>{class e extends Zc{static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:e.ɵfac})}return e})();var Jc=(()=>
5{class e{urlSerializer=p(kn$1);options=p(Pn$1,{optional:!0})||{};canceledNavigationResolution=this.options.canceledNavigationResolution||`replace`;location=p(Nn$1);urlHandlingStrategy=p(Kc);urlUpdateStrategy=this.options.urlUpdateStrategy||`deferred`;currentUrlTree=new Fe;getCurrentUrlTree(){return this.currentUrlTree}rawUrlTree=this.currentUrlTree;getRawUrlTree(){return this.rawUrlTree}createBrowserPath({finalUrl:n,initialUrl:r,targetBrowserUrl:o}){let i=n!==void 0?this.urlHandlingStrategy.merge(n,r):r,s=o??i;return s instanceof Fe?this.urlSerializer.serialize(s):s}routerUrlState(n){return n?.targetBrowserUrl===void 0||n?.finalUrl===void 0?{}:{ɵrouterUrl:this.urlSerializer.serialize(n.finalUrl)}}commitTransition({targetRouterState:n,finalUrl:r,initialUrl:o}){r&&n?(this.currentUrlTree=r,this.rawUrlTree=this.urlHandlingStrategy.merge(r,o),this.routerState=n):this.rawUrlTree=o}routerState=xD(null,p(re));getRouterState(){return this.routerState}_stateMemento=this.createStateMemento();get stateMemento(){return this._stateMemento}updateStateMemento(){this._stateMemento=this.createStateMemento()}createStateMemento(){return{rawUrlTree:this.rawUrlTree,currentUrlTree:this.currentUrlTree,routerState:this.routerState}}restoredState(){return this.location.getState()}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:()=>p(KN)})}return e})();var KN=(()=>{class e extends Jc{currentPageId=0;lastSuccessfulId=-1;get browserPageId(){return this.canceledNavigationResolution!==`computed`?this.currentPageId:this.restoredState()?.ɵrouterPageId??this.currentPageId}registerNonRouterCurrentEntryChangeListener(n){return this.location.subscribe(r=>{r.type===`popstate`&&setTimeout(()=>{n(r.url,r.state,`popstate`,{replaceUrl:!0},r.hasUAVisualTransition)})})}handleRouterEvent(n,r){n instanceof On$1?this.updateStateMemento():n instanceof Ut$1?this.commitTransition(r):n instanceof Ui$1?this.urlUpdateStrategy===`eager`&&(r.extras.skipLocationChange||this.setBrowserUrl(this.createBrowserPath(r),r)):n instanceof go$1?(this.commitTransition(r),this.urlUpdateStrategy===`deferred`&&!r.extras.skipLocationChange&&this.setBrowserUrl(this.createBrowserPath(r),r)):n instanceof rt$2&&!FD(n)?this.restoreHistory(r):n instanceof pr$1?this.restoreHistory(r,!0):n instanceof Ze&&(this.lastSuccessfulId=n.id,this.currentPageId=this.browserPageId)}setBrowserUrl(n,r){let{extras:o,id:i}=r,{replaceUrl:s,state:a}=o;if(this.location.isCurrentPathEqualTo(n)||s){let c=this.browserPageId,u=m(m({},a),this.generateNgRouterState(i,c,r));this.location.replaceState(n,``,u)}else{let c=m(m({},a),this.generateNgRouterState(i,this.browserPageId+1,r));this.location.go(n,``,c)}}restoreHistory(n,r=!1){if(this.canceledNavigationResolution===`computed`){let o=this.browserPageId,i=this.currentPageId-o;i!==0?this.location.historyGo(i):this.getCurrentUrlTree()===n.finalUrl&&i===0&&(this.resetInternalState(n),this.resetUrlToCurrentUrlTree())}else this.canceledNavigationResolution===`replace`&&(r&&this.resetInternalState(n),this.resetUrlToCurrentUrlTree())}resetInternalState({finalUrl:n}){this.routerState=this.stateMemento.routerState,this.currentUrlTree=this.stateMemento.currentUrlTree,this.rawUrlTree=this.urlHandlingStrategy.merge(this.currentUrlTree,n??this.rawUrlTree)}resetUrlToCurrentUrlTree(){this.location.replaceState(this.urlSerializer.serialize(this.getRawUrlTree()),``,this.generateNgRouterState(this.lastSuccessfulId,this.currentPageId))}generateNgRouterState(n,r,o){return this.canceledNavigationResolution===`computed`?m({navigationId:n,ɵrouterPageId:r},this.routerUrlState(o)):m({navigationId:n},this.routerUrlState(o))}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:e.ɵfac})}return e})();function eu(e,t){e.events.pipe(He(n=>n instanceof Ze||n instanceof rt$2||n instanceof pr$1||n instanceof Ut$1),q(n=>n instanceof Ze||n instanceof Ut$1?0:(n instanceof rt$2?n.code===Ne$1.Redirect||n.code===Ne$1.SupersededByNewNavigation:!1)?2:1),He(n=>n!==2),$t(1)).subscribe(()=>{t()})}var wt$1=(()=>{class e{get currentUrlTree(){return this.stateManager.getCurrentUrlTree()}get rawUrlTree(){return this.stateManager.getRawUrlTree()}disposed=!1;nonRouterCurrentEntryChangeSubscription;console=p(Ga$1);stateManager=p(Jc);options=p(Pn$1,{optional:!0})||{};pendingTasks=p(dt$1);urlUpdateStrategy=this.options.urlUpdateStrategy||`deferred`;navigationTransitions=p(Xc);
5urlSerializer=p(kn$1);location=p(Nn$1);urlHandlingStrategy=p(Kc);injector=p(re);_events=new ne$1;get events(){return this._events}get routerState(){return this.stateManager.getRouterState()}navigated=!1;routeReuseStrategy=p(tE);injectorCleanup=p(eE,{optional:!0});onSameUrlNavigation=this.options.onSameUrlNavigation||`ignore`;config=p(Do$1,{optional:!0})?.flat()??[];componentInputBindingEnabled=!!p(zi$1,{optional:!0});currentNavigation=this.navigationTransitions.currentNavigation.asReadonly();constructor(){this.resetConfig(this.config),this.navigationTransitions.setupNavigations(this).subscribe({error:n=>{}}),this.subscribeToNavigationEvents()}eventsSubscription=new ae;subscribeToNavigationEvents(){let n=this.navigationTransitions.events.subscribe(r=>{try{let o=this.navigationTransitions.currentTransition,i=W(this.navigationTransitions.currentNavigation);if(o!==null&&i!==null){if(this.stateManager.handleRouterEvent(r,i),r instanceof rt$2&&r.code!==Ne$1.Redirect&&r.code!==Ne$1.SupersededByNewNavigation)this.navigated=!0;else if(r instanceof Ze)this.navigated=!0,this.injectorCleanup?.(this.routeReuseStrategy,this.routerState,this.config);else if(r instanceof mo$1){let s=r.navigationBehaviorOptions,a=this.urlHandlingStrategy.merge(r.url,o.currentRawUrl),c=m({scroll:o.extras.scroll,browserUrl:o.extras.browserUrl,info:o.extras.info,skipLocationChange:o.extras.skipLocationChange,replaceUrl:o.extras.replaceUrl||this.urlUpdateStrategy===`eager`||YN(o.source)},s);this.scheduleNavigation(a,co$1,null,c,o.hasUAVisualTransition,{resolve:o.resolve,reject:o.reject,promise:o.promise})}}KM(r)&&this._events.next(r)}catch(o){this.navigationTransitions.transitionAbortWithErrorSubject.next(o)}});this.eventsSubscription.add(n)}resetRootComponentType(n){this.routerState.root.component=n,this.navigationTransitions.rootComponentType=n}initialNavigation(){this.setUpLocationChangeListener(),this.navigationTransitions.hasRequestedNavigation||this.navigateToSyncWithBrowser(this.location.path(!0),co$1,this.stateManager.restoredState(),{replaceUrl:!0})}setUpLocationChangeListener(){this.nonRouterCurrentEntryChangeSubscription??=this.stateManager.registerNonRouterCurrentEntryChangeListener((n,r,o,i,s)=>{this.navigateToSyncWithBrowser(n,o,r,i,s)})}navigateToSyncWithBrowser(n,r,o,i,s){let a=o?.navigationId?o:null,c=o?.ɵrouterUrl??n;if(o?.ɵrouterUrl&&(i=j(m({},i),{browserUrl:n})),o){let l=m({},o);delete l.navigationId,delete l.ɵrouterPageId,delete l.ɵrouterUrl,Object.keys(l).length!==0&&(i.state=l)}let u=this.parseUrl(c);this.scheduleNavigation(u,r,a,i,s).catch(l=>{this.disposed||this.injector.get(ze$2)(l)})}get url(){return this.serializeUrl(this.currentUrlTree)}getCurrentNavigation(){return W(this.navigationTransitions.currentNavigation)}get lastSuccessfulNavigation(){return this.navigationTransitions.lastSuccessfulNavigation}resetConfig(n){this.config=n.map(gh),this.navigated=!1}ngOnDestroy(){this.dispose()}dispose(){this._events.unsubscribe(),this.navigationTransitions.complete(),this.nonRouterCurrentEntryChangeSubscription?.unsubscribe(),this.nonRouterCurrentEntryChangeSubscription=void 0,this.disposed=!0,this.eventsSubscription.unsubscribe()}createUrlTree(n,r={}){let{relativeTo:o,queryParams:i,fragment:s,queryParamsHandling:a,preserveFragment:c}=r,u=c?this.currentUrlTree.fragment:s,l=null;switch(a??this.options.defaultQueryParamsHandling){case`merge`:l=m(m({},this.currentUrlTree.queryParams),i);break;case`preserve`:l=this.currentUrlTree.queryParams;break;default:l=i||null}l!==null&&(l=this.removeEmptyProps(l));let d;try{d=MD(o?o.snapshot:this.routerState.snapshot.root)}catch(h){(typeof n[0]!=`string`||n[0][0]!==`/`)&&(n=[]),d=this.currentUrlTree.root}return ND(d,n,l,u??null,this.urlSerializer)}navigateByUrl(n,r={skipLocationChange:!1}){let o=An$1(n)?n:this.parseUrl(n),i=this.urlHandlingStrategy.merge(o,this.rawUrlTree);return this.scheduleNavigation(i,co$1,null,r)}navigate(n,r={skipLocationChange:!1}){return XN(n),this.navigateByUrl(this.createUrlTree(n,r),r)}serializeUrl(n){return this.urlSerializer.serialize(n)}parseUrl(n){try{return this.urlSerializer.parse(n)}catch(r){return this.console.warn(ct$2(4018,!1)),this.urlSerializer.parse(`/`)}}isActive(n,r){let o;if(r===!0?o=m({},uh):r===!1?o=m({}
5,lo$1):o=m(m({},lo$1),r),An$1(n))return Ac(this.currentUrlTree,n,o);let i=this.parseUrl(n);return Ac(this.currentUrlTree,i,o)}removeEmptyProps(n){return Object.entries(n).reduce((r,[o,i])=>(i!=null&&(r[o]=i),r),{})}scheduleNavigation(n,r,o,i,s,a){if(this.disposed)return Promise.resolve(!1);let c,u,l;a?(c=a.resolve,u=a.reject,l=a.promise):l=new Promise((h,f)=>{c=h,u=f});let d=this.pendingTasks.add();return eu(this,()=>{queueMicrotask(()=>this.pendingTasks.remove(d))}),this.navigationTransitions.handleNavigationRequest({source:r,restoredState:o,currentUrlTree:this.currentUrlTree,currentRawUrl:this.currentUrlTree,rawUrl:n,extras:i,hasUAVisualTransition:s,resolve:c,reject:u,promise:l,currentSnapshot:this.routerState.snapshot,currentRouterState:this.routerState}),l.catch(Promise.reject.bind(Promise))}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:e.ɵfac})}return e})();function XN(e){for(let t=0;t<e.length;t++)if(e[t]==null)throw new y(4008,!1)}var JN=(()=>{class e{router=p(wt$1);stateManager=p(Jc);fragment=ue$1(``);queryParams=ue$1({});path=ue$1(``);serializer=p(kn$1);constructor(){this.updateState(),this.router.events?.subscribe(n=>{n instanceof Ze&&this.updateState()})}updateState(){let{fragment:n,root:r,queryParams:o}=this.stateManager.getCurrentUrlTree();this.fragment.set(n),this.queryParams.set(o),this.path.set(this.serializer.serialize(new Fe(r)))}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:e.ɵfac})}return e})();var tu=(()=>{class e{router;route;tabIndexAttribute;renderer;el;locationStrategy;hrefAttributeValue=p(new Ja$1(`href`),{optional:!0});reactiveHref=gf(()=>{if(!this.isAnchorElement)return this.hrefAttributeValue;this.reactiveRouterState.path(),this._preserveFragment()&&this.reactiveRouterState.fragment();let n=r=>r===`preserve`||r===`merge`;return(n(this._queryParamsHandling())||n(this.options?.defaultQueryParamsHandling))&&this.reactiveRouterState.queryParams(),this.computeHref(this.createUrlTree())});get href(){return W(this.reactiveHref)}set href(n){this.reactiveHref.set(n)}set target(n){this._target.set(n)}get target(){return W(this._target)}_target=ue$1(void 0);set queryParams(n){this._queryParams.set(n)}get queryParams(){return W(this._queryParams)}_queryParams=ue$1(void 0,{equal:()=>!1});set fragment(n){this._fragment.set(n)}get fragment(){return W(this._fragment)}_fragment=ue$1(void 0);set queryParamsHandling(n){this._queryParamsHandling.set(n)}get queryParamsHandling(){return W(this._queryParamsHandling)}_queryParamsHandling=ue$1(void 0);set state(n){this._state.set(n)}get state(){return W(this._state)}_state=ue$1(void 0,{equal:()=>!1});set info(n){this._info.set(n)}get info(){return W(this._info)}_info=ue$1(void 0,{equal:()=>!1});set relativeTo(n){this._relativeTo.set(n)}get relativeTo(){return W(this._relativeTo)}_relativeTo=ue$1(void 0);set preserveFragment(n){this._preserveFragment.set(n)}get preserveFragment(){return W(this._preserveFragment)}_preserveFragment=ue$1(!1);set skipLocationChange(n){this._skipLocationChange.set(n)}get skipLocationChange(){return W(this._skipLocationChange)}_skipLocationChange=ue$1(!1);set replaceUrl(n){this._replaceUrl.set(n)}get replaceUrl(){return W(this._replaceUrl)}_replaceUrl=ue$1(!1);browserUrl=ec(void 0);isAnchorElement;onChanges=new ne$1;applicationErrorHandler=p(ze$2);options=p(Pn$1,{optional:!0});reactiveRouterState=p(JN);constructor(n,r,o,i,s,a){this.router=n,this.route=r,this.tabIndexAttribute=o,this.renderer=i,this.el=s,this.locationStrategy=a;let c=s.nativeElement.tagName?.toLowerCase();this.isAnchorElement=c===`a`||c===`area`||!!(typeof customElements==`object`&&customElements.get(c)?.observedAttributes?.includes?.(`href`))}setTabIndexIfNotOnNativeEl(n){this.tabIndexAttribute!=null||this.isAnchorElement||this.applyAttributeValue(`tabindex`,n)}ngOnChanges(n){this.onChanges.next(this)}routerLinkInput=ue$1(null);set routerLink(n){n==null?(this.routerLinkInput.set(null),this.setTabIndexIfNotOnNativeEl(null)):(An$1(n)?this.routerLinkInput.set(n):this.routerLinkInput.set(Array.isArray(n)?n:[n]),this.setTabIndexIfNotOnNativeEl(`0`))}onClick(n,r,o,i,s){let a=this.urlTree;if(a===null||this.isAnchorElement&&(n!==0||r||o||i||s||typeof this.target==`string`&&this.target!=`_self`))return!0;let c=this.browserUrl(),u=m({skipLocationChange:this.skipLocationChange,replaceUrl:this.replaceUrl,state:this.state,info:this.info},c!==void 0&&{browserUrl:c});return this.router.navigateByUrl(a,u)?.catch(l=>{this.applicationErrorHandler(l)}),!this.isAnchorElement}ngOnDestroy(){}applyAttributeValue(n,r){let o=this.renderer,i=this.el.nativeElement;r!==null?o.setAttribute(i,n,r):o.removeAttribute(i,n)}createUrlTree(){let n=this.routerLinkInput();return n===null||!this.router.createUrlTree?null:An$1(n)?n:this.router.createUrlTree(n,{relativeTo:this._relativeTo()!==void 0?this._relativeTo():this.route,queryParams:this._queryParams(),fragment:this._fragment(),queryParamsHandling:this._queryParamsHandling(),preserveFragment:this._preserveFragment()})}get urlTree(){return W(()=>this.createUrlTree())}computeHref(n){return n!==null&&this.locationStrategy?this.locationStrategy?.prepareExternalUrl(this.router.serializeUrl(n))??``:null}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)(Ce(wt$1),Ce(ln$1),ii(`tabindex`),Ce(Mn$1),Ce(Rt$1),Ce(Dt$1))};static ɵdir=dr$1({type:e,selectors:[[``,`routerLink`,``]],hostVars:2,hostBindings:function(r,o){r&1&&Ya$1(`click`,function(s){return 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Ze&&this.update()})}ngAfterContentInit(){N(this.links.changes,N(null)).pipe(mn$1()).subscribe(n=>{this.update(),this.subscribeToEachLinkOnChanges()})}subscribeToEachLinkOnChanges(){this.linkInputChangesSubscription?.unsubscribe();let n=[...this.links.toArray(),this.link].filter(r=>!!r).map(r=>r.onChanges);this.linkInputChangesSubscription=J(n).pipe(mn$1()).subscribe(r=>{this._isActive!==this.isLinkActive(this.router)(r)&&this.update()})}set routerLinkActive(n){if(n==null){this.classes=[];return}let r=Array.isArray(n)?n:n.split(` `);this.classes=r.filter(o=>!!o)}ngOnChanges(n){this.update()}ngOnDestroy(){this.routerEventsSubscription.unsubscribe(),this.linkInputChangesSubscription?.unsubscribe()}update(){!this.links||!this.router.navigated||this.routerLinkActiveOptions===null&&!this._isActive||queueMicrotask(()=>{let n=this.hasActiveLinks();
5this.classes.forEach(r=>{n?this.renderer.addClass(this.element.nativeElement,r):this.renderer.removeClass(this.element.nativeElement,r)}),n&&this.ariaCurrentWhenActive!==void 0?this.renderer.setAttribute(this.element.nativeElement,`aria-current`,this.ariaCurrentWhenActive.toString()):this.renderer.removeAttribute(this.element.nativeElement,`aria-current`),this._isActive!==n&&(this._isActive=n,this.cdr.markForCheck(),this.isActiveChange.emit(n))})}isLinkActive(n){let r=this.routerLinkActiveOptions;if(r===null)return()=>!1;let o;return r===void 0?o=m({},lo$1):tR(r)?o=r:r.exact??!1?o=m({},uh):o=m({},lo$1),i=>{let s=i.urlTree;return s?W(lh(s,n,o)):!1}}hasActiveLinks(){let n=this.isLinkActive(this.router);return this.link&&n(this.link)||this.links.some(n)}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)(Ce(wt$1),Ce(Rt$1),Ce(Mn$1),Ce(no$1))};static ɵdir=dr$1({type:e,selectors:[[``,`routerLinkActive`,``]],contentQueries:function(r,o,i){if(r&1&&Qa$1(i,tu,5),r&2){let s;df(s=ff())&&(o.links=s)}},inputs:{routerLinkActiveOptions:`routerLinkActiveOptions`,ariaCurrentWhenActive:`ariaCurrentWhenActive`,routerLinkActive:`routerLinkActive`},outputs:{isActiveChange:`isActiveChange`},exportAs:[`routerLinkActive`],features:[cr$1]})}return e})();function tR(e){let t=e;return!!(t.paths||t.matrixParams||t.queryParams||t.fragment)}var qi$1=class{};var nR=(()=>{class e{preload(n,r){return r().pipe(Gn(()=>N(null)))}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)};static ɵprov=U({token:e,factory:e.ɵfac})}return e})();var nE=(()=>{class e{router;injector;preloadingStrategy;loader;subscription;constructor(n,r,o,i){this.router=n,this.injector=r,this.preloadingStrategy=o,this.loader=i}setUpPreloading(){this.subscription=this.router.events.pipe(He(n=>n instanceof Ze),yn$1(()=>this.preload())).subscribe(()=>{})}preload(){return this.processRoutes(this.injector,this.router.config)}ngOnDestroy(){this.subscription?.unsubscribe()}processRoutes(n,r){let o=[];for(let i of r){i.providers&&!i._injector&&(i._injector=Jr$1(i.providers,n,``));let s=i._injector??n;i._loadedNgModuleFactory&&!i._loadedInjector&&(i._loadedInjector=i._loadedNgModuleFactory.create(s).injector);let a=i._loadedInjector??s;(i.loadChildren&&!i._loadedRoutes&&i.canLoad===void 0||i.loadComponent&&!i._loadedComponent)&&o.push(this.preloadConfig(s,i)),(i.children||i._loadedRoutes)&&o.push(this.processRoutes(a,i.children??i._loadedRoutes))}return J(o).pipe(mn$1())}preloadConfig(n,r){return this.preloadingStrategy.preload(r,()=>{if(n.destroyed)return N(null);let o;r.loadChildren&&r.canLoad===void 0?o=J(this.loader.loadChildren(n,r)):o=N(null);let i=o.pipe(pe(s=>s===null?N(void 0):(r._loadedRoutes=s.routes,r._loadedInjector=s.injector,r._loadedNgModuleFactory=s.factory,this.processRoutes(s.injector??n,s.routes))));if(r.loadComponent&&!r._loadedComponent)return J([i,this.loader.loadComponent(n,r)]).pipe(mn$1());else return i})}static ɵfac=function(r){return new(r||e)(w(wt$1),w(re),w(qi$1),w(Qc))};static ɵprov=S({token:e,factory:e.ɵfac,providedIn:`root`})}return e})();var rE=new D(``);var rR=(()=>{class e{options;routerEventsSubscription;scrollEventsSubscription;lastId=0;lastSource=co$1;restoredId=0;store={};isHydrating=p(Nd,{optional:!0})??!1;urlSerializer=p(kn$1);zone=p(z$1);viewportScroller=p(Mf);transitions=p(Xc);constructor(n){this.options=n,this.options.scrollPositionRestoration||=`disabled`,this.options.anchorScrolling||=`disabled`,this.isHydrating&&p(At$2).whenStable().then(()=>{this.isHydrating=!1})}init(){this.options.scrollPositionRestoration!==`disabled`&&this.viewportScroller.setHistoryScrollRestoration(`manual`),this.routerEventsSubscription=this.createScrollEvents(),this.scrollEventsSubscription=this.consumeScrollEvents()}createScrollEvents(){return this.transitions.events.subscribe(n=>{n instanceof On$1?(this.store[this.lastId]=this.viewportScroller.getScrollPosition(),this.lastSource=n.navigationTrigger,this.restoredId=n.restoredState?n.restoredState.navigationId:0):n instanceof Ze?(this.lastId=n.id,this.scheduleScrollEvent(n,this.urlSerializer.parse(n.urlAfterRedirects).fragment)):n instanceof Ut$1&&n.code===ho.IgnoredSameUrlNavigation&&(this.lastSource=void 0,this.restoredId=0,this.scheduleScrollEvent(n,this.urlSerializer.parse(n.url).fragment))})}consumeScrollEvents(){return this.transitions.events.subscribe(n=>{if(!(n instanceof po$1)||n.scrollBehavior===`manual`)return;let r={behavior:`instant`};n.position?this.options.scrollPositionRestoration===`top`?this.viewportScroller.scrollToPosition([0,0],r):this.options.scrollPositionRestoration===`enabled`&&this.viewportScroller.scrollToPosition(n.position,r):n.anchor&&this.options.anchorScrolling===`enabled`?this.viewportScroller.scrollToAnchor(n.anchor):this.options.scrollPositionRestoration!==`disabled`&&this.viewportScroller.scrollToPosition([0,0])})}scheduleScrollEvent(n,r){if(this.isHydrating)return;let o=W(this.transitions.currentNavigation)?.extras.scroll;this.zone.runOutsideAngular(()=>V(this,null,function*(){yield new Promise(i=>{setTimeout(i),typeof requestAnimationFrame<`u`&&requestAnimationFrame(i)}),this.zone.run(()=>{this.transitions.events.next(new po$1(n,this.lastSource===`popstate`?this.store[this.restoredId]:null,r,o))})}))}ngOnDestroy(){this.routerEventsSubscription?.unsubscribe(),this.scrollEventsSubscription?.unsubscribe()}static ɵfac=function(r){di()};static 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Wi$1(0,[{provide:aE,useExisting:nE},{provide:qi$1,useExisting:e}])}function uE(e={}){return Wi$1(8,[{provide:zi$1,useFactory:()=>new LD(e,p(mh,{optional:!0}))}])}function lE(e){mt$1(`NgRouterViewTransitions`);return Wi$1(9,[{provide:vh,useValue:XD},{provide:Dh,useValue:m({skipNextTransition:!!e?.skipInitialTransition},e)}])}var dE=[Nn$1,{provide:kn$1,useClass:un$1},wt$1,xn$1,{provide:ln$1,useFactory:oR},Qc];var sR=(()=>{class e{constructor(){}static forRoot(n,r){return{ngModule:e,providers:[dE,[],{provide:Do$1,multi:!0,useValue:n},[],r?.errorHandler?{provide:Eh,useValue:r.errorHandler}:[],{provide:Pn$1,useValue:r||{}},r?.useHash?cR():uR(),aR(),r?.preloadingStrategy?cE(r.preloadingStrategy).ɵproviders:[],r?.initialNavigation?lR(r):[],r?.bindToComponentInputs?uE(typeof r.bindToComponentInputs==`object`?r.bindToComponentInputs:{}).ɵproviders:[],r?.enableViewTransitions?lE().ɵproviders:[],dR()]}}static forChild(n){return{ngModule:e,providers:[{provide:Do$1,multi:!0,useValue:n}]}}static 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5function lR(e){return[e.initialNavigation===`disabled`?sE().ɵproviders:[],e.initialNavigation===`enabledBlocking`?iE().ɵproviders:[]]}var Ih=new D(``);function dR(){return[{provide:Ih,useFactory:iR},{provide:pi,multi:!0,useExisting:Ih}]}var s=(()=>{class i{static ɵfac=function(m){return new(m||i)};static ɵcmp=ef({type:i,selectors:[[`app-banner-devtools`]],decls:24,vars:0,consts:[[1,`banner`],[1,`fas`,`fa-check`],[`href`,`https://devtools.nestjs.com`,`target`,`_blank`,`title`,`Devtools | NestJS - A node.js framework built on top of TypeScript`,1,`btn-more`]],template:function(m,r){m&1&&(uf(0,`div`,0)(1,`h2`),DT(2,`Explore your graph with `),uf(3,`span`),DT(4,`NestJS Devtools`),lf()(),uf(5,`ul`)(6,`li`)(7,`span`),xy(8,`i`,1),lf(),DT(9,` Graph visualizer `),lf(),uf(10,`li`)(11,`span`),xy(12,`i`,1),lf(),DT(13,` Routes navigator `),lf(),uf(14,`li`)(15,`span`),xy(16,`i`,1),lf(),DT(17,` Interactive playground `),lf(),uf(18,`li`)(19,`span`),xy(20,`i`,1),lf(),DT(21,` CI/CD integration `),lf()(),uf(22,`a`,2),DT(23,`Sign up`),lf()())},styles:[`.banner[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#111;background-image:url(/assets/banners/courses-graphql-sf.jpg)}`]})}return i})();var l$1=(()=>{class i{static ɵfac=function(m){return new(m||i)};static ɵcmp=ef({type:i,selectors:[[`app-banner-courses`]],decls:25,vars:0,consts:[[1,`banner`],[1,`fas`,`fa-check`],[`href`,`https://courses.nestjs.com`,`target`,`_blank`,`title`,`Courses | NestJS - A node.js framework built on top of TypeScript`,1,`btn-more`]],template:function(m,a){m&1&&(uf(0,`div`,0)(1,`h2`),DT(2,`Learn the `),uf(3,`span`),DT(4,`right`),lf(),DT(5,` way!`),lf(),uf(6,`ul`)(7,`li`)(8,`span`),xy(9,`i`,1),lf(),DT(10,` 80+ chapters `),lf(),uf(11,`li`)(12,`span`),xy(13,`i`,1),lf(),DT(14,` 5+ hours of videos `),lf(),uf(15,`li`)(16,`span`),xy(17,`i`,1),lf(),DT(18,` Official certificate `),lf(),uf(19,`li`)(20,`span`),xy(21,`i`,1),lf(),DT(22,` Deep-dive sessions `),lf()(),uf(23,`a`,2),DT(24,`Explore official courses`),lf()())},styles:[`.banner[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#111;background-image:url(/assets/banners/courses.jpg)}`]})}return i})();var l=(()=>{class m{static ɵfac=function(o){return new(o||m)};static ɵcmp=ef({type:m,selectors:[[`app-banner-enterprise`]],decls:25,vars:0,consts:[[1,`banner`],[1,`fas`,`fa-check`],[`href`,`https://enterprise.nestjs.com`,`target`,`_blank`,`title`,`Enterprise | NestJS - A progressive Node.js framework`,1,`btn-more`]],template:function(o,a){o&1&&(uf(0,`div`,0)(1,`h2`),DT(2,`Official `),uf(3,`span`),DT(4,`enterprise`),lf(),DT(5,` support`),lf(),uf(6,`ul`)(7,`li`)(8,`span`),xy(9,`i`,1),lf(),DT(10,` Providing technical guidance `),lf(),uf(11,`li`)(12,`span`),xy(13,`i`,1),lf(),DT(14,` Performing in-depth code reviews `),lf(),uf(15,`li`)(16,`span`),xy(17,`i`,1),lf(),DT(18,` Mentoring team members `),lf(),uf(19,`li`)(20,`span`),xy(21,`i`,1),lf(),DT(22,` Advising best practices `),lf()(),uf(23,`a`,2),DT(24,`Explore more`),lf()())},styles:[`.banner[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{background-color:#111;background-image:url(/assets/banners/enterprise.jpg)}.banner[_ngcontent-%COMP%] ul[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{max-width:820px}`]})}return m})();var u=(()=>{class t{isJsActive=!1;static ɵfac=function(e){return new(e||t)};static ɵcmp=ef({type:t,selectors:[[`app-tabs`]],decls:5,vars:4,consts:[[1,`tabs-wrapper`],[1,`tab`,3,`click`],[1,`tab`,`active`,3,`click`]],template:function(e,i){e&1&&(uf(0,`div`,0)(1,`span`,1),Ly(`click`,function(){return i.isJsActive=!0}),DT(2,` JS `),lf(),uf(3,`span`,2),Ly(`click`,function(){return i.isJsActive=!1}),DT(4,` TS `),lf()()),e&2&&(UC(),By(`active`,i.isJsActive),UC(2),By(`active`,!i.isJsActive))},styles:[`.transition[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{-webkit-transition:all .2s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);-moz-transition:all .2s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);-ms-transition:all .2s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);-o-transition:all .2s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);transition:all .2s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1)}.transition-fast[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{-webkit-transition:all .1s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);-moz-transition:all .1s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);-ms-transition:all .1s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);-o-transition:all .1s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);transition:all .1s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1)}.transition-slow[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{-webkit-transition:all .52s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);-moz-transition:all .52s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);-ms-transition:all .52s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);-o-transition:all .52s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1);transition:all .52s cubic-bezier(.7,0,.3,1)}.clearfix[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:before, .clearfix[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:after{content:" ";display:table}.clearfix[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:after{clear:both}.center-element[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);-moz-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);-o-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);transform:translate(-50%) translateY(-50%)}.center-left[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{position:absolute;
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6_updateFontIconClasses(){if(!this._usingFontIcon())return;let e=this._elementRef.nativeElement,t=(this.fontSet?this._iconRegistry.classNameForFontAlias(this.fontSet).split(/ +/):this._iconRegistry.getDefaultFontSetClass()).filter(n=>n.length>0);this._previousFontSetClass.forEach(n=>e.classList.remove(n)),t.forEach(n=>e.classList.add(n)),this._previousFontSetClass=t,this.fontIcon!==this._previousFontIconClass&&!t.includes(`mat-ligature-font`)&&(this._previousFontIconClass&&e.classList.remove(this._previousFontIconClass),this.fontIcon&&e.classList.add(this.fontIcon),this._previousFontIconClass=this.fontIcon)}_cleanupFontValue(e){return typeof e==`string`?e.trim().split(` `)[0]:e}_prependPathToReferences(e){let t=this._elementsWithExternalReferences,n=e.startsWith(`//`)?`/.${e}`:e;t&&t.forEach((o,u)=>{o.forEach(m=>{u.setAttribute(m.name,`url('${n}#${m.value}')`)})})}_cacheChildrenWithExternalReferences(e){let t=e.querySelectorAll(lt),n=this._elementsWithExternalReferences=this._elementsWithExternalReferences||new Map;for(let o=0;o<t.length;o++)qe.forEach(u=>{let m=t[o],S=m.getAttribute(u),I=S?S.match(ct$1):null;if(I){let F=n.get(m);F||(F=[],n.set(m,F)),F.push({name:u,value:I[1]})}})}_updateSvgIcon(e){if(this._svgNamespace=null,this._svgName=null,this._currentIconFetch.unsubscribe(),e){let[t,n]=this._splitIconName(e);t&&(this._svgNamespace=t),n&&(this._svgName=n),this._currentIconFetch=this._iconRegistry.getNamedSvgIcon(n,t).pipe($t(1)).subscribe(o=>this._setSvgElement(o),o=>{let u=`Error retrieving icon ${t}:${n}! ${o.message}`;this._errorHandler.handleError(new Error(u))})}}static ɵfac=function(t){return new(t||i)};static ɵcmp=(function(){return ef({type:i,selectors:[[`mat-icon`]],hostAttrs:[`role`,`img`,1,`mat-icon`,`notranslate`],hostVars:10,hostBindings:function(n,o){n&2&&(Wa$1(`data-mat-icon-type`,o._usingFontIcon()?`font`:`svg`)(`data-mat-icon-name`,o._svgName||o.fontIcon)(`data-mat-icon-namespace`,o._svgNamespace||o.fontSet)(`fontIcon`,o._usingFontIcon()?o.fontIcon:null),aT(o.color?`mat-`+o.color:``),By(`mat-icon-inline`,o.inline)(`mat-icon-no-color`,o.color!==`primary`&&o.color!==`accent`&&o.color!==`warn`))},inputs:{color:`color`,inline:[2,`inline`,`inline`,vi],svgIcon:`svgIcon`,fontSet:`fontSet`,fontIcon:`fontIcon`},exportAs:[`matIcon`],ngContentSelectors:[`*`],decls:1,vars:0,template:function(n,o){n&1&&(WS(),ZS(0))},styles:[`mat-icon, mat-icon.mat-primary, mat-icon.mat-accent, mat-icon.mat-warn { 7 color: var(--%NS%mat-icon-color, inherit); 8} 9 10.mat-icon { 11 -webkit-user-select: none; 12 user-select: none; 13 background-repeat: no-repeat; 14 display: inline-block; 15 fill: currentColor; 16 height: 24px; 17 width: 24px; 18 overflow: hidden; 19} 20.mat-icon.mat-icon-inline { 21 font-size: inherit; 22 height: inherit; 23 line-height: inherit; 24 width: inherit; 25} 26.mat-icon.mat-ligature-font[fontIcon]::before { 27 content: attr(fontIcon); 28} 29 30[dir=rtl] .mat-icon-rtl-mirror { 31 transform: scale(-1, 1); 32} 33 34.mat-form-field:not(.mat-form-field-appearance-legacy) .mat-form-field-prefix .mat-icon, 35.mat-form-field:not(.mat-form-field-appearance-legacy) .mat-form-field-suffix .mat-icon { 36 display: block; 37} 38.mat-form-field:not(.mat-form-field-appearance-legacy) .mat-form-field-prefix .mat-icon-button .mat-icon, 39.mat-form-field:not(.mat-form-field-appearance-legacy) .mat-form-field-suffix .mat-icon-button .mat-icon { 40 margin: auto; 41} 42`],encapsulation:2})})()}return i})();var ut$1=[`*`];var tn$1=(()=>{class i{elRef=p(Rt$1);copied=!1;cdr=p(no$1);revertIconTimeout=null;onCopy(){let e=this.elRef.nativeElement.querySelector(`pre:not(.hide)`);e&&(navigator.clipboard.writeText(e.firstChild.textContent),this.copied=!0,this.cdr.detectChanges(),this.revertIconTimeout=setTimeout(()=>{this.copied=!1,this.cdr.detectChanges(),this.revertIconTimeout=null},2e3))}ngOnDestroy(){this.revertIconTimeout&&clearTimeout(this.revertIconTimeout)}static ɵfac=function(t){return new(t||i)};static ɵcmp=ef({type:i,selectors:[[`app-copy-button`]],ngContentSelectors:ut$1,decls:4,vars:3,consts:[[1,`clipboard`,3,`click`]],template:function(t,n){t&1&&(WS(),Oa$1(0,`button`,0),Ya$1(`click`,function(){return n.onCopy()}),Oa$1(1,`mat-icon`),DT(2),cf()(),ZS(3)),t&2&&(By(`copied`,n.copied),UC(2),qy(n.copied?`check`:`content_copy`))},dependencies:[Ve$1],styles:[`[_nghost-%COMP%]{display:block;position:relative}.with-heading[_nghost-%COMP%] .clipboard[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{top:65px}[_nghost-%COMP%] .clipboard[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{color:#dfdfdf;cursor:pointer;background:transparent;border:none;padding:10px;position:absolute;top:20px;right:10px;z-index:10;opacity:.7}[_nghost-%COMP%] .clipboard[_ngcontent-%COMP%]:hover:not(.copied){opacity:1}[_nghost-%COMP%] .clipboard[_ngcontent-%COMP%] > *[_ngcontent-%COMP%]{width:18px;height:18px;font-size:18px}`],changeDetection:1})}return i})();var wt={production:!0,algoliaApiKey:`6d1869890dab96592b191e63a8deb5b5`};var A=(function(o){return o[o.State=0]=`State`,o[o.Transition=1]=`Transition`,o[o.Sequence=2]=`Sequence`,o[o.Group=3]=`Group`,o[o.Animate=4]=`Animate`,o[o.Keyframes=5]=`Keyframes`,o[o.Style=6]=`Style`,o[o.Trigger=7]=`Trigger`,o[o.Reference=8]=`Reference`,o[o.AnimateChild=9]=`AnimateChild`,o[o.AnimateRef=10]=`AnimateRef`,o[o.Query=11]=`Query`,o[o.Stagger=12]=`Stagger`,o})(A||{});var ue=`*`;function Xt(o,r){return{type:A.Trigger,name:o,definitions:r,options:{}}}function _t(o,r=null){return{type:A.Animate,styles:r,timings:o}}function wi(o,r=null){return{type:A.Sequence,steps:o,options:r}}function Ee(o){return{type:A.Style,styles:o,offset:null}}function Zt(o,r,i){return{type:A.State,name:o,styles:r,options:i}}function Ct(o,r,i=null){return{type:A.Transition,expr:o,animation:r,options:i}}var Me=class{_onDoneFns=[];_onStartFns=[];_onDestroyFns=[];_originalOnDoneFns=[];_originalOnStartFns=[];_started=!1;_destroyed=!1;_finished=!1;_position=0;parentPlayer=null;totalTime;
vendor: 26,814 bytes, line 42
42constructor(r=0,i=0){this.totalTime=r+i}_onFinish(){this._finished||(this._finished=!0,this._onDoneFns.forEach(r=>r()),this._onDoneFns=[])}onStart(r){this._originalOnStartFns.push(r),this._onStartFns.push(r)}onDone(r){this._originalOnDoneFns.push(r),this._onDoneFns.push(r)}onDestroy(r){this._onDestroyFns.push(r)}hasStarted(){return this._started}init(){}play(){this.hasStarted()||(this._onStart(),this.triggerMicrotask()),this._started=!0}triggerMicrotask(){queueMicrotask(()=>this._onFinish())}_onStart(){this._onStartFns.forEach(r=>r()),this._onStartFns=[]}pause(){}restart(){}finish(){this._onFinish()}destroy(){this._destroyed||(this._destroyed=!0,this.hasStarted()||this._onStart(),this.finish(),this._onDestroyFns.forEach(r=>r()),this._onDestroyFns=[])}reset(){this._started=!1,this._finished=!1,this._onStartFns=this._originalOnStartFns,this._onDoneFns=this._originalOnDoneFns}setPosition(r){this._position=this.totalTime?r*this.totalTime:1}getPosition(){return this.totalTime?this._position/this.totalTime:1}triggerCallback(r){let i=r==`start`?this._onStartFns:this._onDoneFns;i.forEach(a=>a()),i.length=0}};var Ge=class{_onDoneFns=[];_onStartFns=[];_finished=!1;_started=!1;_destroyed=!1;_onDestroyFns=[];parentPlayer=null;totalTime=0;players;constructor(r){this.players=r;let i=0,a=0,s=0,l=this.players.length;l==0?queueMicrotask(()=>this._onFinish()):this.players.forEach(d=>{d.onDone(()=>{++i==l&&this._onFinish()}),d.onDestroy(()=>{++a==l&&this._onDestroy()}),d.onStart(()=>{++s==l&&this._onStart()})}),this.totalTime=this.players.reduce((d,m)=>Math.max(d,m.totalTime),0)}_onFinish(){this._finished||(this._finished=!0,this._onDoneFns.forEach(r=>r()),this._onDoneFns=[])}init(){this.players.forEach(r=>r.init())}onStart(r){this._onStartFns.push(r)}_onStart(){this.hasStarted()||(this._started=!0,this._onStartFns.forEach(r=>r()),this._onStartFns=[])}onDone(r){this._onDoneFns.push(r)}onDestroy(r){this._onDestroyFns.push(r)}hasStarted(){return 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this.previousNode=qt,this.currentTimeline=this.currentTimeline.fork(this.element,r),this.timelines.push(this.currentTimeline),this.currentTimeline}appendInstructionToTimeline(r,i,a){let s={duration:i??r.duration,delay:this.currentTimeline.currentTime+(a??0)+r.delay,easing:``},l=new yn(this._driver,r.element,r.keyframes,r.preStyleProps,r.postStyleProps,s,r.stretchStartingKeyframe);return this.timelines.push(l),s}incrementTime(r){this.currentTimeline.forwardTime(this.currentTimeline.duration+r)}delayNextStep(r){r>0&&this.currentTimeline.delayNextStep(r)}invokeQuery(r,i,a,s,l,d){let m=[];if(s&&m.push(this.element),r.length>0){r=r.replace(Da,`.`+this._enterClassName),r=r.replace(Fa,`.`+this._leaveClassName);let h=a!=1,u=this._driver.query(this.element,r,h);a!==0&&(u=a<0?u.slice(u.length+a,u.length):u.slice(0,a)),m.push(...u)}return!l&&m.length==0&&d.push(zi(i)),m}};var Lt=class o{_driver;element;startTime;_elementTimelineStylesLookup;duration=0;easing=null;_previousKeyframe=new Map;_currentKeyframe=new Map;_keyframes=new Map;_styleSummary=new Map;_localTimelineStyles=new Map;_globalTimelineStyles;_pendingStyles=new Map;_backFill=new Map;_currentEmptyStepKeyframe=null;constructor(r,i,a,s){this._driver=r,this.element=i,this.startTime=a,this._elementTimelineStylesLookup=s,this._elementTimelineStylesLookup||(this._elementTimelineStylesLookup=new Map),this._globalTimelineStyles=this._elementTimelineStylesLookup.get(i),this._globalTimelineStyles||(this._globalTimelineStyles=this._localTimelineStyles,this._elementTimelineStylesLookup.set(i,this._localTimelineStyles)),this._loadKeyframe()}containsAnimation(){switch(this._keyframes.size){case 0:return!1;case 1:return this.hasCurrentStyleProperties();default:return!0}}hasCurrentStyleProperties(){return this._currentKeyframe.size>0}get currentTime(){return this.startTime+this.duration}delayNextStep(r){let i=this._keyframes.size===1&&this._pendingStyles.size;this.duration||i?(this.forwardTime(this.currentTime+r),i&&this.snapshotCurrentStyles()):this.startTime+=r}fork(r,i){return this.applyStylesToKeyframe(),new o(this._driver,r,i||this.currentTime,this._elementTimelineStylesLookup)}_loadKeyframe(){this._currentKeyframe&&(this._previousKeyframe=this._currentKeyframe),this._currentKeyframe=this._keyframes.get(this.duration),this._currentKeyframe||(this._currentKeyframe=new Map,this._keyframes.set(this.duration,this._currentKeyframe))}forwardFrame(){this.duration+=ja,this._loadKeyframe()}forwardTime(r){this.applyStylesToKeyframe(),this.duration=r,this._loadKeyframe()}_updateStyle(r,i){this._localTimelineStyles.set(r,i),this._globalTimelineStyles.set(r,i),this._styleSummary.set(r,{time:this.currentTime,value:i})}allowOnlyTimelineStyles(){return this._currentEmptyStepKeyframe!==this._currentKeyframe}applyEmptyStep(r){r&&this._previousKeyframe.set(`easing`,r);for(let[i,a]of this._globalTimelineStyles)this._backFill.set(i,a||ue),this._currentKeyframe.set(i,ue);this._currentEmptyStepKeyframe=this._currentKeyframe}setStyles(r,i,a,s){i&&this._previousKeyframe.set(`easing`,i);let l=s&&s.params||{},d=qa(r,this._globalTimelineStyles);for(let[m,h]of d){let u=it(h,l,a);this._pendingStyles.set(m,u),this._localTimelineStyles.has(m)||this._backFill.set(m,this._globalTimelineStyles.get(m)??ue),this._updateStyle(m,u)}}applyStylesToKeyframe(){this._pendingStyles.size!=0&&(this._pendingStyles.forEach((r,i)=>{this._currentKeyframe.set(i,r)}),this._pendingStyles.clear(),this._localTimelineStyles.forEach((r,i)=>{this._currentKeyframe.has(i)||this._currentKeyframe.set(i,r)}))}
vendor: 5,830 bytes, line 42
42snapshotCurrentStyles(){for(let[r,i]of this._localTimelineStyles)this._pendingStyles.set(r,i),this._updateStyle(r,i)}getFinalKeyframe(){return this._keyframes.get(this.duration)}get properties(){let r=[];for(let i in this._currentKeyframe)r.push(i);return r}mergeTimelineCollectedStyles(r){r._styleSummary.forEach((i,a)=>{let s=this._styleSummary.get(a);(!s||i.time>s.time)&&this._updateStyle(a,i.value)})}buildKeyframes(){this.applyStylesToKeyframe();let r=new Set,i=new Set,a=this._keyframes.size===1&&this.duration===0,s=[];this._keyframes.forEach((m,h)=>{let u=new Map([...this._backFill,...m]);u.forEach((b,S)=>{b===tt?r.add(S):b===ue&&i.add(S)}),a||u.set(`offset`,h/this.duration),s.push(u)});let l=[...r.values()],d=[...i.values()];if(a){let m=s[0],h=new Map(m);m.set(`offset`,0),h.set(`offset`,1),s=[m,h]}return Mn(this.element,s,l,d,this.duration,this.startTime,this.easing,!1)}};var yn=class extends Lt{keyframes;preStyleProps;postStyleProps;_stretchStartingKeyframe;timings;constructor(r,i,a,s,l,d,m=!1){super(r,i,d.delay),this.keyframes=a,this.preStyleProps=s,this.postStyleProps=l,this._stretchStartingKeyframe=m,this.timings={duration:d.duration,delay:d.delay,easing:d.easing}}containsAnimation(){return this.keyframes.length>1}buildKeyframes(){let r=this.keyframes,{delay:i,duration:a,easing:s}=this.timings;if(this._stretchStartingKeyframe&&i){let l=[],d=a+i,m=i/d,h=new Map(r[0]);h.set(`offset`,0),l.push(h);let u=new Map(r[0]);u.set(`offset`,rr(m)),l.push(u);let b=r.length-1;for(let S=1;S<=b;S++){let k=new Map(r[S]),C=k.get(`offset`),w=i+C*a;k.set(`offset`,rr(w/d)),l.push(k)}a=d,i=0,s=``,r=l}return Mn(this.element,r,this.preStyleProps,this.postStyleProps,a,i,s,!0)}};function rr(o,r=3){let i=Math.pow(10,r-1);return Math.round(o*i)/i}function qa(o,r){let i=new Map,a;return o.forEach(s=>{if(s===`*`){a??=r.keys();for(let l of a)i.set(l,ue)}else for(let[l,d]of s)i.set(l,d)}),i}function ar(o,r,i,a,s,l,d,m,h,u,b,S,k){return{type:0,element:o,triggerName:r,isRemovalTransition:s,fromState:i,fromStyles:l,toState:a,toStyles:d,timelines:m,queriedElements:h,preStyleProps:u,postStyleProps:b,totalTime:S,errors:k}}var hn={};var Bt=class{_triggerName;ast;_stateStyles;constructor(r,i,a){this._triggerName=r,this.ast=i,this._stateStyles=a}match(r,i,a,s){return La(this.ast.matchers,r,i,a,s)}buildStyles(r,i,a){let s=this._stateStyles.get(`*`);return r!==void 0&&(s=this._stateStyles.get(r?.toString())||s),s?s.buildStyles(i,a):new Map}build(r,i,a,s,l,d,m,h,u,b){let S=[],k=this.ast.options&&this.ast.options.params||hn,C=m&&m.params||hn,w=this.buildStyles(a,C,S),P=h&&h.params||hn,F=this.buildStyles(s,P,S),J=new Set,V=new Map,Z=new Map,$=s===`void`,Ie={params:fr(P,k),delay:this.ast.options?.delay},le=b?[]:ur(r,i,this.ast.animation,l,d,w,F,Ie,u,S),te=0;return le.forEach(re=>{te=Math.max(re.duration+re.delay,te)}),S.length?ar(i,this._triggerName,a,s,$,w,F,[],[],V,Z,te,S):(le.forEach(re=>{let Fe=re.element,Ke=oe(V,Fe,new Set);re.preStyleProps.forEach(qe=>Ke.add(qe));let jn=oe(Z,Fe,new Set);re.postStyleProps.forEach(qe=>jn.add(qe)),Fe!==i&&J.add(Fe)}),ar(i,this._triggerName,a,s,$,w,F,le,[...J.values()],V,Z,te))}};function La(o,r,i,a,s){return o.some(l=>l(r,i,a,s))}function fr(o,r){let i=m({},r);return Object.entries(o).forEach(([a,s])=>{s!=null&&(i[a]=s)}),i}var vn=class{styles;defaultParams;normalizer;constructor(r,i,a){this.styles=r,this.defaultParams=i,this.normalizer=a}buildStyles(r,i){let a=new Map,s=fr(r,this.defaultParams);return this.styles.styles.forEach(l=>{typeof l!=`string`&&l.forEach((d,m)=>{d&&(d=it(d,s,i));let h=this.normalizer.normalizePropertyName(m,i);d=this.normalizer.normalizeStyleValue(m,h,d,i),a.set(m,d)})}),a}};function Ba(o,r,i){return new wn(o,r,i)}var wn=class{name;ast;_normalizer;transitionFactories=[];fallbackTransition;states=new Map;constructor(r,i,a){this.name=r,this.ast=i,this._normalizer=a,i.states.forEach(s=>{let l=s.options&&s.options.params||{};this.states.set(s.name,new vn(s.style,l,a))}),or(this.states,`true`,`1`),or(this.states,`false`,`0`),i.transitions.forEach(s=>{this.transitionFactories.push(new Bt(r,s,this.states))}),this.fallbackTransition=Ha(r,this.states)}get containsQueries(){return this.ast.queryCount>0}matchTransition(r,i,a,s){return this.transitionFactories.find(d=>d.match(r,i,a,s))||null}matchStyles(r,i,a){return this.fallbackTransition.buildStyles(r,i,a)}};function Ha(o,r,i){let a=[(d,m)=>!0],s={type:A.Sequence,steps:[],options:null};return new Bt(o,{type:A.Transition,animation:s,matchers:a,options:null,queryCount:0,depCount:0},r)}function or(o,r,i){o.has(r)?o.has(i)||o.set(i,o.get(r)):o.has(i)&&o.set(r,o.get(i))}var Ja=new ht;var _n=class{bodyNode;_driver;_normalizer;_animations=new Map;_playersById=new Map;players=[];constructor(r,i,a){this.bodyNode=r,this._driver=i,this._normalizer=a}register(r,i){let a=[],l=hr(this._driver,i,a,[]);if(a.length)throw Bi(a);this._animations.set(r,l)}_buildPlayer(r,i,a){let s=r.element,l=rn(this._normalizer,r.keyframes,i,a);return this._driver.animate(s,l,r.duration,r.delay,r.easing,[],!0)}create(r,i,a={}){let s=[],l=this._animations.get(r),d,m=new Map;if(l?(d=ur(this._driver,i,l,dn,Mt,new Map,new Map,a,Ja,s),d.forEach(b=>{let S=oe(m,b.element,new Map);b.postStyleProps.forEach(k=>S.set(k,null))})):(s.push(Hi()),d=[]),s.length)throw Ji(s);m.forEach((b,S)=>{b.forEach((k,C)=>{b.set(C,this._driver.computeStyle(S,C,ue))})});let u=Ne(d.map(b=>{let S=m.get(b.element);return this._buildPlayer(b,new Map,S)}));return this._playersById.set(r,u),u.onDestroy(()=>this.destroy(r)),this.players.push(u),u}destroy(r){let i=this._getPlayer(r);i.destroy(),this._playersById.delete(r);let a=this.players.indexOf(i);a>=0&&this.players.splice(a,1)}_getPlayer(r){let i=this._playersById.get(r);if(!i)throw Gi(r);return i}listen(r,i,a,s){let l=Pt(i,``,``,``);return kt(this._getPlayer(r),a,l,s),()=>{}}
42command(r,i,a,s){if(a==`register`){this.register(r,s[0]);return}if(a==`create`){let d=s[0]||{};this.create(r,i,d);return}let l=this._getPlayer(r);switch(a){case`play`:l.play();break;case`pause`:l.pause();break;case`reset`:l.reset();break;case`restart`:l.restart();break;case`finish`:l.finish();break;case`init`:l.init();break;case`setPosition`:l.setPosition(parseFloat(s[0]));break;case`destroy`:this.destroy(r)}}};var sr=`ng-animate-queued`;var Ga=`.ng-animate-queued`;var un=`ng-animate-disabled`;var Ua=`.ng-animate-disabled`;var Wa=`ng-star-inserted`;var Va=`.ng-star-inserted`;var Ya=[];var xr={namespaceId:``,setForRemoval:!1,setForMove:!1,hasAnimation:!1,removedBeforeQueried:!1};var Ka={namespaceId:``,setForMove:!1,setForRemoval:!1,hasAnimation:!1,removedBeforeQueried:!0};var ve=`__ng_removed`;var ut=class{namespaceId;value;options;get params(){return this.options.params}constructor(r,i=``){this.namespaceId=i;let a=r&&Object.hasOwn(r,`value`),s=a?r.value:r;if(this.value=$a(s),a){let l=r,{value:d}=l,m=DE(l,[`value`]);this.options=m}else this.options={};this.options.params||(this.options.params={})}absorbOptions(r){let i=r.params;if(i){let a=this.options.params;
vendor: 17,571 bytes, line 42
42Object.keys(i).forEach(s=>{a[s]??(a[s]=i[s])})}}};var pt=`void`;var fn=new ut(pt);var Cn=class{id;hostElement;_engine;players=[];_triggers=new Map;_queue=[];_elementListeners=new Map;_hostClassName;constructor(r,i,a){this.id=r,this.hostElement=i,this._engine=a,this._hostClassName=`ng-tns-`+r,fe(i,this._hostClassName)}listen(r,i,a,s){if(!this._triggers.has(i))throw Ui(a,i);if(a==null||a.length==0)throw Wi(i);if(!Xa(a))throw Vi(a,i);let l=oe(this._elementListeners,r,[]),d={name:i,phase:a,callback:s};l.push(d);let m=oe(this._engine.statesByElement,r,new Map);return m.has(i)||(fe(r,dt),fe(r,dt+`-`+i),m.set(i,fn)),()=>{this._engine.afterFlush(()=>{let h=l.indexOf(d);h>=0&&l.splice(h,1),this._triggers.has(i)||m.delete(i)})}}register(r,i){return this._triggers.has(r)?!1:(this._triggers.set(r,i),!0)}_getTrigger(r){let i=this._triggers.get(r);if(!i)throw Yi(r);return i}trigger(r,i,a,s=!0){let l=this._getTrigger(i),d=new ft(this.id,i,r),m=this._engine.statesByElement.get(r);m||(fe(r,dt),fe(r,dt+`-`+i),this._engine.statesByElement.set(r,m=new Map));let h=m.get(i),u=new ut(a,this.id);if(!(a&&Object.hasOwn(a,`value`))&&h&&u.absorbOptions(h.options),m.set(i,u),h||(h=fn),!(u.value===pt)&&h.value===u.value){if(!to(h.params,u.params)){let P=[],F=l.matchStyles(h.value,h.params,P),J=l.matchStyles(u.value,u.params,P);P.length?this._engine.reportError(P):this._engine.afterFlush(()=>{ze(r,F),ye(r,J)})}return}let k=oe(this._engine.playersByElement,r,[]);k.forEach(P=>{P.namespaceId==this.id&&P.triggerName==i&&P.queued&&P.destroy()});let C=l.matchTransition(h.value,u.value,r,u.params),w=!1;if(!C){if(!s)return;C=l.fallbackTransition,w=!0}return this._engine.totalQueuedPlayers++,this._queue.push({element:r,triggerName:i,transition:C,fromState:h,toState:u,player:d,isFallbackTransition:w}),w||(fe(r,sr),d.onStart(()=>{rt(r,sr)})),d.onDone(()=>{let P=this.players.indexOf(d);P>=0&&this.players.splice(P,1);let F=this._engine.playersByElement.get(r);if(F){let J=F.indexOf(d);J>=0&&F.splice(J,1)}}),this.players.push(d),k.push(d),d}deregister(r){this._triggers.delete(r),this._engine.statesByElement.forEach(i=>i.delete(r)),this._elementListeners.forEach((i,a)=>{this._elementListeners.set(a,i.filter(s=>s.name!=r))})}clearElementCache(r){this._engine.statesByElement.delete(r),this._elementListeners.delete(r);let i=this._engine.playersByElement.get(r);i&&(i.forEach(a=>a.destroy()),this._engine.playersByElement.delete(r))}_signalRemovalForInnerTriggers(r,i){let a=this._engine.driver.query(r,ct,!0);a.forEach(s=>{if(s[ve])return;let l=this._engine.fetchNamespacesByElement(s);l.size?l.forEach(d=>d.triggerLeaveAnimation(s,i,!1,!0)):this.clearElementCache(s)}),this._engine.afterFlushAnimationsDone(()=>a.forEach(s=>this.clearElementCache(s)))}triggerLeaveAnimation(r,i,a,s){let l=this._engine.statesByElement.get(r),d=new Map;if(l){let m=[];if(l.forEach((h,u)=>{if(d.set(u,h.value),this._triggers.has(u)){let b=this.trigger(r,u,pt,s);b&&m.push(b)}}),m.length)return this._engine.markElementAsRemoved(this.id,r,!0,i,d),a&&Ne(m).onDone(()=>this._engine.processLeaveNode(r)),!0}return!1}prepareLeaveAnimationListeners(r){let i=this._elementListeners.get(r),a=this._engine.statesByElement.get(r);if(i&&a){let s=new Set;i.forEach(l=>{let d=l.name;if(s.has(d))return;s.add(d);let h=this._triggers.get(d).fallbackTransition,u=a.get(d)||fn,b=new ut(pt),S=new ft(this.id,d,r);this._engine.totalQueuedPlayers++,this._queue.push({element:r,triggerName:d,transition:h,fromState:u,toState:b,player:S,isFallbackTransition:!0})})}}removeNode(r,i){let a=this._engine;if(r.childElementCount&&this._signalRemovalForInnerTriggers(r,i),this.triggerLeaveAnimation(r,i,!0))return;let s=!1;if(a.totalAnimations){let l=a.players.length?a.playersByQueriedElement.get(r):[];if(l&&l.length)s=!0;else{let d=r;for(;d=d.parentNode;)if(a.statesByElement.get(d)){s=!0;break}}}if(this.prepareLeaveAnimationListeners(r),s)a.markElementAsRemoved(this.id,r,!1,i);else{let l=r[ve];(!l||l===xr)&&(a.afterFlush(()=>this.clearElementCache(r)),a.destroyInnerAnimations(r),a._onRemovalComplete(r,i))}}insertNode(r,i){fe(r,this._hostClassName)}drainQueuedTransitions(r){let i=[];return this._queue.forEach(a=>{let s=a.player;if(s.destroyed)return;let l=a.element,d=this._elementListeners.get(l);d&&d.forEach(m=>{if(m.name==a.triggerName){let h=Pt(l,a.triggerName,a.fromState.value,a.toState.value);h._data=r,kt(a.player,m.phase,h,m.callback)}}),s.markedForDestroy?this._engine.afterFlush(()=>{s.destroy()}):i.push(a)}),this._queue=[],i.sort((a,s)=>{let l=a.transition.ast.depCount,d=s.transition.ast.depCount;return l==0||d==0?l-d:this._engine.driver.containsElement(a.element,s.element)?1:-1})}destroy(r){this.players.forEach(i=>i.destroy()),this._signalRemovalForInnerTriggers(this.hostElement,r)}};var kn=class{bodyNode;driver;_normalizer;players=[];newHostElements=new Map;playersByElement=new Map;playersByQueriedElement=new Map;statesByElement=new Map;disabledNodes=new Set;totalAnimations=0;totalQueuedPlayers=0;_namespaceLookup={};_namespaceList=[];_flushFns=[];_whenQuietFns=[];namespacesByHostElement=new Map;collectedEnterElements=[];collectedLeaveElements=[];onRemovalComplete=(r,i)=>{};_onRemovalComplete(r,i){this.onRemovalComplete(r,i)}constructor(r,i,a){this.bodyNode=r,this.driver=i,this._normalizer=a}get queuedPlayers(){let r=[];return this._namespaceList.forEach(i=>{i.players.forEach(a=>{a.queued&&r.push(a)})}),r}createNamespace(r,i){let a=new Cn(r,i,this);return this.bodyNode&&this.driver.containsElement(this.bodyNode,i)?this._balanceNamespaceList(a,i):(this.newHostElements.set(i,a),this.collectEnterElement(i)),this._namespaceLookup[r]=a}_balanceNamespaceList(r,i){let a=this._namespaceList,s=this.namespacesByHostElement;if(a.length-1>=0){let d=!1,m=this.driver.getParentElement(i);for(;m;){let h=s.get(m);if(h){let u=a.indexOf(h);a.splice(u+1,0,r),d=!0;break}m=this.driver.getParentElement(m)}d||a.unshift(r)}else a.push(r);return s.set(i,r),r}register(r,i){let a=this._namespaceLookup[r];return a||(a=this.createNamespace(r,i)),a}registerTrigger(r,i,a){let s=this._namespaceLookup[r];s&&s.register(i,a)&&this.totalAnimations++}destroy(r,i){r&&(this.afterFlush(()=>{}),this.afterFlushAnimationsDone(()=>{let a=this._fetchNamespace(r);this.namespacesByHostElement.delete(a.hostElement);let s=this._namespaceList.indexOf(a);s>=0&&this._namespaceList.splice(s,1),a.destroy(i),delete this._namespaceLookup[r]}))}_fetchNamespace(r){return this._namespaceLookup[r]}fetchNamespacesByElement(r){let i=new Set,a=this.statesByElement.get(r);if(a){for(let s of a.values())if(s.namespaceId){let l=this._fetchNamespace(s.namespaceId);l&&i.add(l)}}return i}trigger(r,i,a,s){if(Rt(i)){let l=this._fetchNamespace(r);if(l)return l.trigger(i,a,s),!0}return!1}insertNode(r,i,a,s){if(!Rt(i))return;let l=i[ve];if(l&&l.setForRemoval){l.setForRemoval=!1,l.setForMove=!0;let d=this.collectedLeaveElements.indexOf(i);d>=0&&this.collectedLeaveElements.splice(d,1)}if(r){let d=this._fetchNamespace(r);d&&d.insertNode(i,a)}s&&this.collectEnterElement(i)}collectEnterElement(r){this.collectedEnterElements.push(r)}markElementAsDisabled(r,i){i?this.disabledNodes.has(r)||(this.disabledNodes.add(r),fe(r,un)):this.disabledNodes.has(r)&&(this.disabledNodes.delete(r),rt(r,un))}removeNode(r,i,a){if(Rt(i)){let s=r?this._fetchNamespace(r):null;s?s.removeNode(i,a):this.markElementAsRemoved(r,i,!1,a);let l=this.namespacesByHostElement.get(i);l&&l.id!==r&&l.removeNode(i,a)}else this._onRemovalComplete(i,a)}markElementAsRemoved(r,i,a,s,l){this.collectedLeaveElements.push(i),i[ve]={namespaceId:r,setForRemoval:s,hasAnimation:a,removedBeforeQueried:!1,previousTriggersValues:l}}listen(r,i,a,s,l){return Rt(i)?this._fetchNamespace(r).listen(i,a,s,l):()=>{}}_buildInstruction(r,i,a,s,l){return r.transition.build(this.driver,r.element,r.fromState.value,r.toState.value,a,s,r.fromState.options,r.toState.options,i,l)}destroyInnerAnimations(r){let i=this.driver.query(r,ct,!0);i.forEach(a=>this.destroyActiveAnimationsForElement(a)),this.playersByQueriedElement.size!=0&&(i=this.driver.query(r,At,!0),i.forEach(a=>this.finishActiveQueriedAnimationOnElement(a)))}destroyActiveAnimationsForElement(r){let i=this.playersByElement.get(r);i&&i.forEach(a=>{a.queued?a.markedForDestroy=!0:a.destroy()})}finishActiveQueriedAnimationOnElement(r){let i=this.playersByQueriedElement.get(r);i&&i.forEach(a=>a.finish())}whenRenderingDone(){return new Promise(r=>{if(this.players.length)return Ne(this.players).onDone(()=>r());r()})}processLeaveNode(r){let i=r[ve];if(i&&i.setForRemoval){if(r[ve]=xr,i.namespaceId){this.destroyInnerAnimations(r);let a=this._fetchNamespace(i.namespaceId);a&&a.clearElementCache(r)}this._onRemovalComplete(r,i.setForRemoval)}r.classList?.contains(un)&&this.markElementAsDisabled(r,!1),this.driver.query(r,Ua,!0).forEach(a=>{this.markElementAsDisabled(a,!1)})}flush(r=-1){let i=[];if(this.newHostElements.size&&(this.newHostElements.forEach((a,s)=>this._balanceNamespaceList(a,s)),this.newHostElements.clear()),this.totalAnimations&&this.collectedEnterElements.length)for(let a=0;a<this.collectedEnterElements.length;a++){let s=this.collectedEnterElements[a];fe(s,Wa)}if(this._namespaceList.length&&(this.totalQueuedPlayers||this.collectedLeaveElements.length)){let a=[];try{i=this._flushAnimations(a,r)}finally{for(let s=0;s<a.length;s++)a[s]()}}else for(let a=0;a<this.collectedLeaveElements.length;a++){let s=this.collectedLeaveElements[a];this.processLeaveNode(s)}if(this.totalQueuedPlayers=0,this.collectedEnterElements.length=0,this.collectedLeaveElements.length=0,this._flushFns.forEach(a=>a()),this._flushFns=[],this._whenQuietFns.length){let a=this._whenQuietFns;this._whenQuietFns=[],i.length?Ne(i).onDone(()=>{a.forEach(s=>s())}):a.forEach(s=>s())}}reportError(r){throw Ki(r)}_flushAnimations(r,i){let a=new ht,s=[],l=new Map,d=[],m=new Map,h=new Map,u=new Map,b=new Set;this.disabledNodes.forEach(v=>{b.add(v);let T=this.driver.query(v,Ga,!0);for(let M=0;M<T.length;M++)b.add(T[M])});let S=this.bodyNode,k=Array.from(this.statesByElement.keys()),C=cr(k,this.collectedEnterElements),w=new Map,P=0;C.forEach((v,T)=>{let M=dn+P++;w.set(T,M),v.forEach(D=>fe(D,M))});let F=[],J=new Set,V=new Set;for(let v=0;v<this.collectedLeaveElements.length;v++){let T=this.collectedLeaveElements[v],M=T[ve];M&&M.setForRemoval&&(F.push(T),J.add(T),M.hasAnimation?this.driver.query(T,Va,!0).forEach(D=>J.add(D)):V.add(T))}let Z=new Map,$=cr(k,Array.from(J));$.forEach((v,T)=>{let M=Mt+P++;Z.set(T,M),v.forEach(D=>fe(D,M))}),r.push(()=>{C.forEach((v,T)=>{let M=w.get(T);v.forEach(D=>rt(D,M))}),$.forEach((v,T)=>{let M=Z.get(T);v.forEach(D=>rt(D,M))}),F.forEach(v=>{this.processLeaveNode(v)})});let Ie=[],le=[];for(let v=this._namespaceList.length-1;v>=0;v--)this._namespaceList[v].drainQueuedTransitions(i).forEach(M=>{let D=M.player,ne=M.element;if(Ie.push(D),this.collectedEnterElements.length){let ie=ne[ve];if(ie&&ie.setForMove){if(ie.previousTriggersValues&&ie.previousTriggersValues.has(M.triggerName)){let Le=ie.previousTriggersValues.get(M.triggerName),me=this.statesByElement.get(M.element);if(me&&me.has(M.triggerName)){let xt=me.get(M.triggerName);xt.value=Le,me.set(M.triggerName,xt)}}D.destroy();return}}let we=!S||!this.driver.containsElement(S,ne),de=Z.get(ne),je=w.get(ne),K=this._buildInstruction(M,a,je,de,we);if(K.errors&&K.errors.length){le.push(K);return}if(we){D.onStart(()=>ze(ne,K.fromStyles)),D.onDestroy(()=>ye(ne,K.toStyles)),s.push(D);return}if(M.isFallbackTransition){D.onStart(()=>ze(ne,K.fromStyles)),D.onDestroy(()=>ye(ne,K.toStyles)),s.push(D);return}let zn=[];K.timelines.forEach(ie=>{ie.stretchStartingKeyframe=!0,this.disabledNodes.has(ie.element)||zn.push(ie)}),K.timelines=zn,a.append(ne,K.timelines);let da={instruction:K,player:D,element:ne};d.push(da),K.queriedElements.forEach(ie=>oe(m,ie,[]).push(D)),K.preStyleProps.forEach((ie,Le)=>{if(ie.size){let me=h.get(Le);me||h.set(Le,me=new Set),ie.forEach((xt,Yt)=>me.add(Yt))}}),K.postStyleProps.forEach((ie,Le)=>{let me=u.get(Le);me||u.set(Le,me=new Set),ie.forEach((xt,Yt)=>me.add(Yt))})});if(le.length){let v=[];le.forEach(T=>{v.push(Qi(T.triggerName,T.errors))}),Ie.forEach(T=>T.destroy()),this.reportError(v)}let te=new Map,re=new Map;d.forEach(v=>{let T=v.element;a.has(T)&&(re.set(T,T),this._beforeAnimationBuild(v.player.namespaceId,v.instruction,te))}),s.forEach(v=>{let T=v.element;this._getPreviousPlayers(T,!1,v.namespaceId,v.triggerName,null).forEach(D=>{oe(te,T,[]).push(D),D.destroy()})});let Fe=F.filter(v=>mr(v,h,u)),Ke=new Map;dr(Ke,this.driver,V,u,ue).forEach(v=>{mr(v,h,u)&&Fe.push(v)});let qe=new Map;C.forEach((v,T)=>{dr(qe,this.driver,new Set(v),h,tt)}),Fe.forEach(v=>{let T=Ke.get(v),M=qe.get(v);Ke.set(v,new Map([...T?.entries()??[],...M?.entries()??[]]))});let Vt=[],Rn=[],Dn={};d.forEach(v=>{let{element:T,player:M,instruction:D}=v;if(a.has(T)){if(b.has(T)){M.onDestroy(()=>ye(T,D.toStyles)),M.disabled=!0,M.overrideTotalTime(D.totalTime),s.push(M);return}let ne=Dn;if(re.size>1){let de=T,je=[];for(;de=de.parentNode;){let K=re.get(de);if(K){ne=K;break}je.push(de)}je.forEach(K=>re.set(K,ne))}let we=this._buildAnimation(M.namespaceId,D,te,l,qe,Ke);if(M.setRealPlayer(we),ne===Dn)Vt.push(M);else{let de=this.playersByElement.get(ne);de&&de.length&&(M.parentPlayer=Ne(de)),s.push(M)}}else ze(T,D.fromStyles),M.onDestroy(()=>ye(T,D.toStyles)),Rn.push(M),b.has(T)&&s.push(M)}),Rn.forEach(v=>{let T=l.get(v.element);if(T&&T.length){let M=Ne(T);v.setRealPlayer(M)}}),s.forEach(v=>{v.parentPlayer?v.syncPlayerEvents(v.parentPlayer):v.destroy()});for(let v=0;v<F.length;v++){let T=F[v],M=T[ve];if(rt(T,Mt),M&&M.hasAnimation)continue;let D=[];if(m.size){let we=m.get(T);we&&we.length&&D.push(...we);let de=this.driver.query(T,At,!0);for(let je=0;je<de.length;je++){let K=m.get(de[je]);K&&K.length&&D.push(...K)}}let ne=D.filter(we=>!we.destroyed);ne.length?Za(this,T,ne):this.processLeaveNode(T)}return F.length=0,Vt.forEach(v=>{this.players.push(v),v.onDone(()=>{v.destroy();let T=this.players.indexOf(v);this.players.splice(T,1)}),v.play()}),Vt}afterFlush(r){this._flushFns.push(r)}afterFlushAnimationsDone(r){this._whenQuietFns.push(r)}_getPreviousPlayers(r,i,a,s,l){let d=[];if(i){let m=this.playersByQueriedElement.get(r);m&&(d=m)}else{let m=this.playersByElement.get(r);if(m){let h=!l||l==pt;m.forEach(u=>{u.queued||!h&&u.triggerName!=s||d.push(u)})}}return(a||s)&&(d=d.filter(m=>!(a&&a!=m.namespaceId||s&&s!=m.triggerName))),d}_beforeAnimationBuild(r,i,a){let s=i.triggerName,l=i.element,d=i.isRemovalTransition?void 0:r,m=i.isRemovalTransition?void 0:s;for(let h of i.timelines){let u=h.element,b=u!==l,S=oe(a,u,[]);this._getPreviousPlayers(u,b,d,m,i.toState).forEach(C=>{let w=C.getRealPlayer();w.beforeDestroy&&w.beforeDestroy(),C.destroy(),S.push(C)})}ze(l,i.fromStyles)}_buildAnimation(r,i,a,s,l,d){let m=i.triggerName,h=i.element,u=[],b=new Set,S=new Set,k=i.timelines.map(w=>{let P=w.element;b.add(P);let F=P[ve];if(F&&F.removedBeforeQueried)return new Me(w.duration,w.delay);let J=P!==h,V=eo((a.get(P)||Ya).map(te=>te.getRealPlayer())).filter(te=>{let re=te;return re.element?re.element===P:!1}),Z=l.get(P),$=d.get(P),Ie=rn(this._normalizer,w.keyframes,Z,$),le=this._buildPlayer(w,Ie,V);if(w.subTimeline&&s&&S.add(P),J){let te=new ft(r,m,P);te.setRealPlayer(le),u.push(te)}return le});u.forEach(w=>{oe(this.playersByQueriedElement,w.element,[]).push(w),w.onDone(()=>Qa(this.playersByQueriedElement,w.element,w))}),b.forEach(w=>fe(w,cn));let C=Ne(k);return C.onDestroy(()=>{b.forEach(w=>rt(w,cn)),ye(h,i.toStyles)}),S.forEach(w=>{oe(s,w,[]).push(C)}),C}_buildPlayer(r,i,a){return i.length>0?this.driver.animate(r.element,i,r.duration,r.delay,r.easing,a):new Me(r.duration,r.delay)}};var ft=class{namespaceId;triggerName;element;_player=new Me;_containsRealPlayer=!1;_queuedCallbacks=new Map;destroyed=!1;parentPlayer=null;markedForDestroy=!1;disabled=!1;queued=!0;totalTime=0;constructor(r,i,a){this.namespaceId=r,this.triggerName=i,this.element=a}setRealPlayer(r){this._containsRealPlayer||(this._player=r,this._queuedCallbacks.forEach((i,a)=>{i.forEach(s=>kt(r,a,void 0,s))}),this._queuedCallbacks.clear(),this._containsRealPlayer=!0,this.overrideTotalTime(r.totalTime),this.queued=!1)}getRealPlayer(){return this._player}overrideTotalTime(r){this.totalTime=r}syncPlayerEvents(r){let i=this._player;i.triggerCallback&&r.onStart(()=>i.triggerCallback(`start`)),r.onDone(()=>this.finish()),r.onDestroy(()=>this.destroy())}_queueEvent(r,i){oe(this._queuedCallbacks,r,[]).push(i)}onDone(r){this.queued&&this._queueEvent(`done`,r),this._player.onDone(r)}onStart(r){this.queued&&this._queueEvent(`start`,r),this._player.onStart(r)}onDestroy(r){this.queued&&this._queueEvent(`destroy`,r),this._player.onDestroy(r)}init(){this._player.init()}hasStarted(){return this.queued?!1:this._player.hasStarted()}play(){!this.queued&&this._player.play()}pause(){!this.queued&&this._player.pause()}restart(){!this.queued&&this._player.restart()}finish(){this._player.finish()}destroy(){this.destroyed=!0,this._player.destroy()}reset(){!this.queued&&this._player.reset()}setPosition(r){this.queued||this._player.setPosition(r)}getPosition(){return this.queued?0:this._player.getPosition()}triggerCallback(r){let i=this._player;i.triggerCallback&&i.triggerCallback(r)}};function Qa(o,r,i){let a=o.get(r);if(a){if(a.length){let s=a.indexOf(i);a.splice(s,1)}a.length==0&&o.delete(r)}return a}function $a(o){return o??null}function Rt(o){return o&&o.nodeType===1}function Xa(o){return o==`start`||o==`done`}function lr(o,r){let i=o.style.display;return o.style.display=r??`none`,i}function dr(o,r,i,a,s){let l=[];
vendor: 5,280 bytes, line 42
42i.forEach(h=>l.push(lr(h)));let d=[];a.forEach((h,u)=>{let b=new Map;h.forEach(S=>{let k=r.computeStyle(u,S,s);b.set(S,k),(!k||k.length==0)&&(u[ve]=Ka,d.push(u))}),o.set(u,b)});let m=0;return i.forEach(h=>lr(h,l[m++])),d}function cr(o,r){let i=new Map;if(o.forEach(m=>i.set(m,[])),r.length==0)return i;let a=1,s=new Set(r),l=new Map;function d(m){if(!m)return a;let h=l.get(m);if(h)return h;let u=m.parentNode;return i.has(u)?h=u:s.has(u)?h=a:h=d(u),l.set(m,h),h}return r.forEach(m=>{let h=d(m);h!==a&&i.get(h).push(m)}),i}function fe(o,r){o.classList?.add(r)}function rt(o,r){o.classList?.remove(r)}function Za(o,r,i){Ne(i).onDone(()=>o.processLeaveNode(r))}function eo(o){let r=[];return gr(o,r),r}function gr(o,r){for(let i=0;i<o.length;i++){let a=o[i];a instanceof Ge?gr(a.players,r):r.push(a)}}function to(o,r){let i=Object.keys(o),a=Object.keys(r);if(i.length!=a.length)return!1;for(let s=0;s<i.length;s++){let l=i[s];if(!Object.hasOwn(r,l)||o[l]!==r[l])return!1}return!0}function mr(o,r,i){let a=i.get(o);if(!a)return!1;let s=r.get(o);return s?a.forEach(l=>s.add(l)):r.set(o,a),i.delete(o),!0}var at=class{_driver;_normalizer;_transitionEngine;_timelineEngine;_triggerCache={};onRemovalComplete=(r,i)=>{};constructor(r,i,a){this._driver=i,this._normalizer=a,this._transitionEngine=new kn(r.body,i,a),this._timelineEngine=new _n(r.body,i,a),this._transitionEngine.onRemovalComplete=(s,l)=>this.onRemovalComplete(s,l)}registerTrigger(r,i,a,s,l){let d=r+`-`+s,m=this._triggerCache[d];if(!m){let h=[],b=hr(this._driver,l,h,[]);if(h.length)throw Li(s,h);m=Ba(s,b,this._normalizer),this._triggerCache[d]=m}this._transitionEngine.registerTrigger(i,s,m)}register(r,i){this._transitionEngine.register(r,i)}destroy(r,i){this._transitionEngine.destroy(r,i)}onInsert(r,i,a,s){this._transitionEngine.insertNode(r,i,a,s)}onRemove(r,i,a){this._transitionEngine.removeNode(r,i,a)}disableAnimations(r,i){this._transitionEngine.markElementAsDisabled(r,i)}process(r,i,a,s){if(a.charAt(0)==`@`){let[l,d]=an(a),m=s;this._timelineEngine.command(l,i,d,m)}else this._transitionEngine.trigger(r,i,a,s)}listen(r,i,a,s,l){if(a.charAt(0)==`@`){let[d,m]=an(a);return this._timelineEngine.listen(d,i,m,l)}return this._transitionEngine.listen(r,i,a,s,l)}flush(r=-1){this._transitionEngine.flush(r)}get players(){return[...this._transitionEngine.players,...this._timelineEngine.players]}whenRenderingDone(){return this._transitionEngine.whenRenderingDone()}afterFlushAnimationsDone(r){this._transitionEngine.afterFlushAnimationsDone(r)}};function no(o,r){let i=null,a=null;return Array.isArray(r)&&r.length?(i=xn(r[0]),r.length>1&&(a=xn(r[r.length-1]))):r instanceof Map&&(i=xn(r)),i||a?new io(o,i,a):null}var io=(()=>{class o{_element;_startStyles;_endStyles;static initialStylesByElement=new WeakMap;_state=0;_initialStyles;constructor(i,a,s){this._element=i,this._startStyles=a,this._endStyles=s;let l=o.initialStylesByElement.get(i);l||o.initialStylesByElement.set(i,l=new Map),this._initialStyles=l}start(){this._state<1&&(this._startStyles&&ye(this._element,this._startStyles,this._initialStyles),this._state=1)}finish(){this.start(),this._state<2&&(ye(this._element,this._initialStyles),this._endStyles&&(ye(this._element,this._endStyles),this._endStyles=null),this._state=1)}destroy(){this.finish(),this._state<3&&(o.initialStylesByElement.delete(this._element),this._startStyles&&(ze(this._element,this._startStyles),this._endStyles=null),this._endStyles&&(ze(this._element,this._endStyles),this._endStyles=null),ye(this._element,this._initialStyles),this._state=3)}}return o})();function xn(o){let r=null;return o.forEach((i,a)=>{ro(a)&&(r=r||new Map,r.set(a,i))}),r}function ro(o){return o===`display`||o===`position`}var Ht=class{element;keyframes;options;_specialStyles;_onDoneFns=[];_onStartFns=[];_onDestroyFns=[];_duration;_delay;_initialized=!1;_finished=!1;_started=!1;_destroyed=!1;_finalKeyframe;_originalOnDoneFns=[];_originalOnStartFns=[];domPlayer=null;time=0;parentPlayer=null;currentSnapshot=new Map;constructor(r,i,a,s){this.element=r,this.keyframes=i,this.options=a,this._specialStyles=s,this._duration=a.duration,this._delay=a.delay||0,this.time=this._duration+this._delay}_onFinish(){this._finished||(this._finished=!0,this._onDoneFns.forEach(r=>r()),this._onDoneFns=[])}init(){this._buildPlayer()&&this._preparePlayerBeforeStart()}_buildPlayer(){if(this._initialized)return this.domPlayer;this._initialized=!0;let r=this.keyframes,i=this._triggerWebAnimation(this.element,r,this.options);if(!i)return this._onFinish(),null;this.domPlayer=i,this._finalKeyframe=r.length?r[r.length-1]:new Map;let a=()=>this._onFinish();return i.addEventListener(`finish`,a),this.onDestroy(()=>{i.removeEventListener(`finish`,a)}),i}_preparePlayerBeforeStart(){this._delay?this._resetDomPlayerState():this.domPlayer?.pause()}_convertKeyframesToObject(r){let i=[];return r.forEach(a=>{i.push(Object.fromEntries(a))}),i}_triggerWebAnimation(r,i,a){let s=this._convertKeyframesToObject(i);try{return r.animate(s,a)}catch(l){return null}}onStart(r){this._originalOnStartFns.push(r),this._onStartFns.push(r)}onDone(r){this._originalOnDoneFns.push(r),this._onDoneFns.push(r)}onDestroy(r){this._onDestroyFns.push(r)}play(){let r=this._buildPlayer();r&&(this.hasStarted()||(this._onStartFns.forEach(i=>
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51()(),Oa$1(34,`p`),DT(35,`The standalone application object lets you obtain a reference to any instance registered within the Nest application. Imagine that a `),Oa$1(36,`code`),DT(37,`TasksService`),cf(),DT(38,` provider lives in a `),Oa$1(39,`code`),DT(40,`TasksModule`),cf(),DT(41,`, which is imported by `),Oa$1(42,`code`),DT(43,`AppModule`),cf(),DT(44,`. The class provides a set of methods that you want to call from within a CRON job.`),cf(),Oa$1(45,`app-copy-button`,11)(46,`span`,12),Za$1(47,`app-tabs`,null,2),cf(),Oa$1(49,`pre`)(50,`code`,13),DT(51,` 52const tasksService = app.get(TasksService); 53`),cf()()(),Oa$1(52,`p`),DT(53,`To access the `),Oa$1(54,`code`),DT(55,`TasksService`),cf(),DT(56,` instance, use the `),Oa$1(57,`code`),DT(58,`get()`),cf(),DT(59,` method. It acts like a `),Oa$1(60,`strong`),DT(61,`query`),cf(),DT(62,` that searches for an instance in each registered module, and accepts any provider's token. For strict context checking, pass an options object with the `),Oa$1(63,`code`),DT(64,`strict: true`),cf(),DT(65,` property. With this option in effect, you have to navigate to a specific module to obtain an instance from that selected context.`),cf(),Oa$1(66,`app-copy-button`,11)(67,`span`,12),Za$1(68,`app-tabs`,null,3),cf(),Oa$1(70,`pre`)(71,`code`,13),DT(72,` 54const tasksService = app.select(TasksModule).get(TasksService, { strict: true }); 55`),cf()()(),Oa$1(73,`p`),DT(74,`The following table summarizes the methods available for retrieving instance references from the standalone application object.`),cf(),Oa$1(75,`table`)(76,`tr`)(77,`td`)(78,`code`),DT(79,`get()`),cf()(),Oa$1(80,`td`),DT(81,` Retrieves an instance of a controller or provider (including guards, filters, and so on) available in the application context. `),cf()(),Oa$1(82,`tr`)(83,`td`)(84,`code`),DT(85,`select()`),cf()(),Oa$1(86,`td`),DT(87,` Navigates through the module graph to pull out a specific instance of the selected module (used together with strict mode, as described above). `),cf()()(),Oa$1(88,`blockquote`,15)(89,`strong`),DT(90,`Hint`),cf(),DT(91,` In non-strict mode, the root module is selected by default. To select any other module, navigate the module graph manually, step by step. 56`),cf(),Oa$1(92,`p`),DT(93,`A standalone application does not have any network listeners, so Nest features tied to request handling (e.g., middleware, interceptors, pipes, and guards) are not available in this context.`),cf(),Oa$1(94,`p`),DT(95,`For example, even if you register a global interceptor in your application and then retrieve a controller instance with the `),Oa$1(96,`code`),DT(97,`app.get()`),cf(),DT(98,` method, the interceptor is not executed when you call the controller's methods.`),cf(),Oa$1(99,`h4`,16)(100,`span`),DT(101,`Retrieving providers from dynamic modules`),cf()(),Oa$1(102,`p`),DT(103,`When working with `),Oa$1(104,`a`,17),DT(105,`dynamic modules`),cf(),DT(106,`, pass `),Oa$1(107,`code`),DT(108,`app.select()`),cf(),DT(109,` the same object that represents the registered dynamic module in the application. For example:`),cf(),Oa$1(110,`app-copy-button`,11)(111,`span`,12),Za$1(112,`app-tabs`,null,4),cf(),Oa$1(114,`pre`)(115,`code`,13),DT(116,` 57export const dynamicConfigModule = ConfigModule.register({ folder: './config' }); 58 59@Module({ 60 imports: [dynamicConfigModule], 61}) 62export class AppModule {} 63`),cf()()(),Oa$1(117,`p`),DT(118,`You can then select that module later on:`),cf(),Oa$1(119,`app-copy-button`,11)(120,`span`,12),Za$1(121,`app-tabs`,null,5),cf(),Oa$1(123,`pre`)(124,`code`,13),DT(125,` 64const configService = app.select(dynamicConfigModule).get(ConfigService, { strict: true }); 65`),cf()()(),Oa$1(126,`h4`,18)(127,`span`),DT(128,`Terminating phase`),cf()(),Oa$1(129,`p`),DT(130,`If you want the Node.js process to exit after the script finishes (e.g., for a script running CRON jobs), call the `),Oa$1(131,`code`),DT(132,`app.close()`),cf(),DT(133,` method at the end of your `),Oa$1(134,`code`),DT(135,`bootstrap()`),cf(),DT(136,` function:`),cf(),Oa$1(137,`app-copy-button`,11)(138,`span`,12),Za$1(139,`app-tabs`,null,6),cf(),Oa$1(141,`pre`)(142,`code`,13),DT(143,` 66async function bootstrap() { 67 const app = await NestFactory.createApplicationContext(AppModule); 68 // application logic... 69 await app.close(); 70} 71await bootstrap();
72`),cf()()(),Oa$1(144,`p`),DT(145,`As described in the `),Oa$1(146,`a`,19),DT(147,`lifecycle events`),cf(),DT(148,` chapter, calling `),Oa$1(149,`code`),DT(150,`app.close()`),cf(),DT(151,` triggers the shutdown lifecycle hooks.`),cf(),Oa$1(152,`h4`,20)(153,`span`),DT(154,`Example`),cf()(),Oa$1(155,`p`),DT(156,`A working example is available in the `),Oa$1(157,`a`,21),DT(158,`standalone application sample`),cf(),DT(159,` on GitHub.`),cf()(),Oa$1(160,`a`,22),Za$1(161,`i`,23),Oa$1(162,`span`),DT(163,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()())},dependencies:[xt,tn$1,u,tu],encapsulation:2})}return o})();var Gr=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-components`]],features:[My],decls:364,vars:24,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[`app4f32a5f1b90c862880e6d55e29d9fcbce2341b4b`,``],[`appa8c8d958564edcfd6c4ecdcfaad73707a2e09af3`,``],[`app88935acfb0178ce458602735d523bda100cf0e7c`,``],[`app203e505468413cb3eb679b61ab2b1160ffee33d0`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`providers`],[`src`,`/assets/Components_1.png`,1,`illustrative-image`],[`routerLink`,`/modules`],[1,`info`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOLID`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`services`],[1,`with-heading`],[1,`filename`],[1,`language-typescript`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion_of_control`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`dependency-injection`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://angular.dev/guide/di`],[1,`warning`],[`href`,`/fundamentals/custom-providers#interfaces-and-abstract-classes`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`scopes`],[`routerLink`,`/fundamentals/injection-scopes`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`custom-providers`],[`routerLink`,`/fundamentals/custom-providers`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`optional-providers`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`property-based-injection`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`provider-registration`],[1,`file-tree`],[1,`item`],[1,`children`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`manual-instantiation`],[`routerLink`,`/fundamentals/module-ref`],[`routerLink`,`/standalone-applications`],[`href`,`https://github.com/nestjs/docs.nestjs.com/edit/master/content/components.md`,`target`,`_blank`,`rel`,`noopener`,1,`github-links`],[`aria-hidden`,`true`,1,`ph`,`ph-pencil-simple-line`]],template:function(a,s){if(a&1&&(Oa$1(0,`div`,5,0)(2,`div`,6)(3,`h3`,7),DT(4,`Providers`),cf(),Oa$1(5,`p`),DT(6,`Providers are a core concept in Nest. Many of the basic Nest classes, such as services, repositories, factories, and helpers, can be treated as providers. The main idea behind a provider is that it can be `),Oa$1(7,`strong`),DT(8,`injected`),cf(),DT(9,` as a dependency, which lets objects form relationships with each other. The Nest runtime takes care of "wiring up" these objects.`),cf(),Oa$1(10,`figure`),Za$1(11,`img`,8),cf(),Oa$1(12,`p`),DT(13,`In the previous chapter, we built a basic `),Oa$1(14,`code`),DT(15,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(16,`. Controllers should handle HTTP requests and delegate more complex tasks to `),Oa$1(17,`strong`),DT(18,`providers`),cf(),DT(19,`. In their simplest form, providers are plain JavaScript classes listed in the `),Oa$1(20,`code`),DT(21,`providers`),cf(),DT(22,` array of a module. For more details, see the `),Oa$1(23,`a`,9),DT(24,`Modules`),cf(),DT(25,` chapter.`),cf(),Oa$1(26,`blockquote`,10)(27,`strong`),DT(28,`Hint`),cf(),DT(29,` Nest lets you design and organize dependencies in an object-oriented way, so it's good practice to follow the `),Oa$1(30,`a`,11),DT(31,`SOLID principles`),cf(),DT(32,`. 73`),cf(),Oa$1(33,`h4`,12)(34,`span`),DT(35,`Services`),cf()(),Oa$1(36,`p`),DT(37,`Let's start by creating a `),Oa$1(38,`code`),DT(39,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(40,`. This service handles data storage and retrieval for the `),Oa$1(41,`code`),DT(42,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(43,`. Because it encapsulates application logic, it's a natural candidate for a provider.`),cf(),Oa$1(44,`app-copy-button`,13)(45,`span`,14),DT(46),AT(47,`extension`),Za$1(48,`app-tabs`,null,1),cf(),Oa$1(50,`pre`)(51,`code`,15),DT(52,` 74import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 75import type { Cat } from './interfaces/cat.interface.js'; 76 77@Injectable() 78export class CatsService { 79 private readonly cats: Cat[] = []; 80 81 create(cat: Cat) { 82 this.cats.push(cat); 83 } 84
85 findAll(): Cat[] { 86 return this.cats; 87 } 88} 89`),cf()(),Oa$1(53,`pre`)(54,`code`,15),DT(55,` 90import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 91 92@Injectable() 93export class CatsService { 94 constructor() { 95 this.cats = []; 96 } 97 98 create(cat) { 99 this.cats.push(cat); 100 } 101 102 findAll() { 103 return this.cats; 104 } 105} 106`),cf()()(),Oa$1(56,`blockquote`,10)(57,`strong`),DT(58,`Hint`),cf(),DT(59,` To create a service with the CLI, run `),Oa$1(60,`code`),DT(61,`$ nest g service cats`),cf(),DT(62,`. 107`),cf(),Oa$1(63,`p`)(64,`code`),DT(65,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(66,` is a basic class with one property and two methods. The key addition is the `),Oa$1(67,`code`),DT(68,`@Injectable()`),cf(),DT(69,` decorator. It attaches metadata to the class, declaring that `),Oa$1(70,`code`),DT(71,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(72,` can be managed by the Nest `),Oa$1(73,`a`,16),DT(74,`IoC`),cf(),DT(75,` container.`),cf(),Oa$1(76,`p`),DT(77,`The example also uses a `),Oa$1(78,`code`),DT(79,`Cat`),cf(),DT(80,` interface:`),cf(),Oa$1(81,`app-copy-button`,13)(82,`span`,14),DT(83),AT(84,`extension`),Za$1(85,`app-tabs`,null,2),cf(),Oa$1(87,`pre`)(88,`code`,15),DT(89,` 108export interface Cat { 109 name: string; 110 age: number; 111 breed: string; 112} 113`),cf()()(),Oa$1(90,`p`),DT(91,`Now that we have a service to store and retrieve cats, let's use it in the `),Oa$1(92,`code`),DT(93,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(94,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(95,`app-copy-button`,13)(96,`span`,14),DT(97),AT(98,`extension`),Za$1(99,`app-tabs`,null,3),cf(),Oa$1(101,`pre`)(102,`code`,15),DT(103,` 114import { Controller, Get, Post, Body } from '@nestjs/common'; 115import { CreateCatDto } from './dto/create-cat.dto.js'; 116import { CatsService } from './cats.service.js'; 117import type { Cat } from './interfaces/cat.interface.js'; 118 119@Controller('cats') 120export class CatsController { 121 constructor(private catsService: CatsService) {} 122 123 @Post() 124 async create(@Body() createCatDto: CreateCatDto) { 125 this.catsService.create(createCatDto); 126 } 127 128 @Get() 129 async findAll(): Promise<Cat[]> {
130 return this.catsService.findAll(); 131 } 132} 133`),cf()(),Oa$1(104,`pre`)(105,`code`,15),DT(106,` 134import { Controller, Get, Post, Body, Bind, Dependencies } from '@nestjs/common'; 135import { CatsService } from './cats.service.js'; 136 137@Controller('cats') 138@Dependencies(CatsService) 139export class CatsController { 140 constructor(catsService) { 141 this.catsService = catsService; 142 } 143 144 @Post() 145 @Bind(Body()) 146 async create(createCatDto) { 147 this.catsService.create(createCatDto); 148 } 149 150 @Get() 151 async findAll() { 152 return this.catsService.findAll(); 153 } 154} 155`),cf()()(),Oa$1(107,`p`)(108,`code`),DT(109,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(110,` is `),Oa$1(111,`strong`),DT(112,`injected`),cf(),DT(113,` through the class constructor. The next section explains how Nest resolves it.`),cf(),Oa$1(114,`h4`,17)(115,`span`),DT(116,`Dependency injection`),cf()(),Oa$1(117,`p`),DT(118,`Nest is built around the `),Oa$1(119,`strong`),DT(120,`dependency injection`),cf(),DT(121,` design pattern. For an introduction to the concept, see the `),Oa$1(122,`a`,18),DT(123,`Angular documentation`),cf(),DT(124,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(125,`p`),DT(126,`Nest resolves dependencies by their type. In the example below, Nest resolves `),Oa$1(127,`code`),DT(128,`catsService`),cf(),DT(129,` by supplying an instance of `),Oa$1(130,`code`),DT(131,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(132,`. With the default (singleton) scope, Nest creates the instance once and shares it with every class that depends on it. Nest then passes the instance to the controller's constructor:`),cf(),Oa$1(133,`app-copy-button`)(134,`pre`)(135,`code`,15),DT(136,` 156constructor(private catsService: CatsService) {} 157`),cf()()(),Oa$1(137,`p`),DT(138,`This single line does two things:`),cf(),Oa$1(139,`ul`)(140,`li`),DT(141,`The `),Oa$1(142,`code`),DT(143,`private`),cf(),DT(144,` keyword makes `),Oa$1(145,`code`),DT(146,`catsService`),cf(),DT(147,` a TypeScript `),Oa$1(148,`strong`),DT(149,`parameter property`),cf(),DT(150,`: it declares a `),Oa$1(151,`code`),DT(152,`catsService`),cf(),DT(153,` member on the class and assigns the constructor argument to it, so you don't have to write `),Oa$1(154,`code`),DT(155,`this.catsService = catsService`),cf(),DT(156,` yourself.`),cf(),Oa$1(157,`li`),DT(158,`The `),Oa$1(159,`code`),DT(160,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(161,` type annotation is what Nest resolves against. At compile time, TypeScript emits the constructor's parameter types as metadata, and the container reads that metadata to determine which provider to supply.`),cf()(),Oa$1(162,`blockquote`,19)(163,`strong`),DT(164,`Warning`),cf(),DT(165,` Because resolution relies on the emitted type, the annotation must refer to something that exists at runtime, that is, a `),Oa$1(166,`strong`),DT(167,`class`),cf(),DT(168,`. Interfaces and type aliases are erased during compilation. If `),Oa$1(169,`code`),DT(170,`AppConfig`),cf(),DT(171,` is an interface, `),Oa$1(172,`code`),DT(173,`constructor(private config: AppConfig)`),cf(),DT(174,` leaves Nest with no token to look up, and the application fails at startup with a "Nest can't resolve dependencies" error. The same happens when you import a class with `),Oa$1(175,`code`),DT(176,`import type`),cf(),DT(177,`, because the import is erased as well. To inject something that isn't a class, register it under a token and inject it explicitly with `),Oa$1(178,`code`),DT(179,`@Inject()`),cf(),DT(180,`, as described in `),Oa$1(181,`a`,20),DT(182,`Custom providers`),cf(),DT(183,`. 158`),cf(),Oa$1(184,`h4`,21)(185,`span`),DT(186,`Scopes`),cf()(),Oa$1(187,`p`),DT(188,`By default, a provider's lifetime ("scope") matches the application lifecycle. When the application bootstraps, Nest resolves every dependency, which means every provider is instantiated. Likewise, when the application shuts down, every provider is destroyed. You can also give a provider a different scope, for example, make it `),Oa$1(189,`strong`),DT(190,`request-scoped`),cf(),DT(191,` so that its lifetime is tied to an individual request. See the `),Oa$1(192,`a`,22),DT(193,`Injection scopes`),cf(),DT(194,` chapter for details.`),cf(),Oa$1(195,`p`),Za$1(196,`app-banner-courses`),cf(),Oa$1(197,`h4`,23)(198,`span`),DT(199,`Custom providers`),cf()(),Oa$1(200,`p`),DT(201,`Nest has a built-in inversion of control (IoC) container that manages the relationships between providers. The container underpins dependency injection and supports more than the class-based providers shown so far: you can also define providers with plain values, classes, and synchronous or asynchronous factories. For examples, see the `),Oa$1(202,`a`,24),DT(203,`Custom providers`),cf(),DT(204,` chapter.`),cf(),Oa$1(205,`h4`,25)(206,`span`),DT(207,`Optional providers`),cf()(),Oa$1(208,`p`),DT(209,`Some dependencies are not always required. For example, a class might depend on a `),Oa$1(210,`strong`),DT(211,`configuration object`),cf(),DT(212,` but fall back to default values when none is provided. Such a dependency is optional, and its absence should not cause an error.`),cf(),Oa$1(213,`p`),DT(214,`To mark a dependency as optional, apply the `),Oa$1(215,`code`),DT(216,`@Optional()`),cf(),DT(217,` decorator to the constructor parameter:`),cf(),Oa$1(218,`app-copy-button`)(219,`pre`)(220,`code`,15),DT(221,` 159import { Injectable, Optional, Inject } from '@nestjs/common'; 160 161@Injectable() 162export class HttpService<T> { 163 constructor(@Optional() @Inject('HTTP_OPTIONS') private httpClient: T) {} 164} 165`),cf()()(),Oa$1(222,`p`),DT(223,`This example injects a custom provider, so it passes the `),Oa$1(224,`
165code`),DT(225,`HTTP_OPTIONS`),cf(),DT(226,` custom `),Oa$1(227,`strong`),DT(228,`token`),cf(),DT(229,` to `),Oa$1(230,`code`),DT(231,`@Inject()`),cf(),DT(232,`. The previous examples used constructor-based injection, where each dependency is identified by its class in the constructor signature. For more on custom providers and their tokens, see the `),Oa$1(233,`a`,24),DT(234,`Custom providers`),cf(),DT(235,` chapter.`),cf(),Oa$1(236,`p`)(237,`code`),DT(238,`@Optional()`),cf(),DT(239,` only affects what happens when the provider is `),Oa$1(240,`em`),DT(241,`missing`),cf(),DT(242,`: if nothing is registered under `),Oa$1(243,`code`),DT(244,`HTTP_OPTIONS`),cf(),DT(245,`, Nest injects `),Oa$1(246,`code`),DT(247,`undefined`),cf(),DT(248,` instead of failing at startup. The class is therefore responsible for the fallback, typically by merging the injected value, if any, over a set of defaults.`),cf(),Oa$1(249,`h4`,26)(250,`span`),DT(251,`Property-based injection`),cf()(),Oa$1(252,`p`),DT(253,`The examples so far use constructor-based injection, where providers are injected through the constructor. In some cases, `),Oa$1(254,`strong`),DT(255,`property-based injection`),cf(),DT(256,` is more convenient. For example, if a base class depends on one or more providers, passing them up through `),Oa$1(257,`code`),DT(258,`super()`),cf(),DT(259,` from every subclass becomes cumbersome. Instead, you can apply the `),Oa$1(260,`code`),DT(2
16561,`@Inject()`),cf(),DT(262,` decorator directly to a property:`),cf(),Oa$1(263,`app-copy-button`)(264,`pre`)(265,`code`,15),DT(266,` 166import { Injectable, Inject } from '@nestjs/common'; 167 168@Injectable() 169export class HttpService<T> { 170 @Inject('HTTP_OPTIONS') 171 private readonly httpClient: T; 172} 173`),cf()()(),Oa$1(267,`blockquote`,19)(268,`strong`),DT(269,`Warning`),cf(),DT(270,` If your class doesn't extend another class, prefer `),Oa$1(271,`strong`),DT(272,`constructor-based`),cf(),DT(273,` injection. The constructor states explicitly which dependencies the class requires, which makes the code easier to follow than properties annotated with `),Oa$1(274,`code`),DT(275,`@Inject()`),cf(),DT(276,`. 174`),cf(),Oa$1(277,`h4`,27)(278,`span`),DT(279,`Provider registration`),cf()(),Oa$1(280,`p`),DT(281,`With a provider (`),Oa$1(282,`code`),DT(283,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(284,`) and a consumer (`),Oa$1(285,`code`),DT(286,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(287,`) in place, you need to register the service with Nest so that it can perform the injection. To do so, add the service to the `),Oa$1(288,`code`),DT(289,`providers`),cf(),DT(290,` array of the `),Oa$1(291,`code`),DT(292,`@Module()`),cf(),DT(293,` decorator in the module file (`),Oa$1(294,`code`),DT(295,`app.module.ts`),cf(),DT(296,`):`),cf(),Oa$1(297,`app-copy-button`,13)(298,`span`,14),DT(299),AT(300,`extension`),Za$1(301,`app-tabs`,null,4),cf(),Oa$1(303,`pre`)(304,`code`,15),DT(305,` 175import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 176import { CatsController } from './cats/cats.controller.js'; 177import { CatsService } from './cats/cats.service.js'; 178 179@Module({ 180 controllers: [CatsController], 181 providers: [CatsService], 182}) 183export class AppModule {} 184`),cf()()(),Oa$1(306,`p`),DT(307,`Nest can now resolve the dependencies of the `),Oa$1(308,`code`),DT(309,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(310,` class.`),cf(),Oa$1(311,`p`),DT(312,`The directory structure now looks like this:`),cf(),Oa$1(313,`div`,28)(314,`div`,29),DT(315,`src`),cf(),Oa$1(316,`div`,30)(317,`div`,29),DT(318,`cats`),cf(),Oa$1(319,`div`,30)(320,`div`,29),DT(321,`dto`),cf(),Oa$1(322,`div`,30)(323,`div`,29),DT(324,`create-cat.dto.ts`),cf()(),Oa$1(325,`div`,29),DT(326,`interfaces`),cf(),Oa$1(327,`div`,30)(328,`div`,29),DT(329,`cat.interface.ts`),cf()(),Oa$1(330,`div`,29),DT(331,`cats.controller.ts`),cf(),Oa$1(332,`div`,29),DT(333,`cats.service.ts`),cf()(),Oa$1(334,`div`,29),DT(335,`app.module.ts`),cf(),Oa$1(336,`div`,29),DT(337,`main.ts`),cf()()(),Oa$1(338,`h4`,31)(339,`span`),DT(340,`Manual instantiation`),cf()(),Oa$1(341,`p`),DT(342,`So far, Nest has resolved dependencies automatically. In some cases, you may need to step outside the dependency injection system and retrieve or instantiate providers manually. Two techniques cover these cases:`),cf(),Oa$1(343,`ul`)(344,`li`),DT(345,`To retrieve existing instances or instantiate providers dynamically, use `),Oa$1(346,`code`),DT(347,`ModuleRef`),cf(),DT(348,`, described in the `),Oa$1(349,`a`,32),DT(350,`Module reference`),cf(),DT(351,` chapter.`),cf(),Oa$1(352,`li`),DT(353,`To get providers within the `),Oa$1(354,`code`),DT(355,`bootstrap()`),cf(),DT(356,` function (e.g., for standalone applications or to use a configuration service during bootstrapping), see `),Oa$1(357,`a`,33),DT(358,`Standalone applications`),cf(),DT(359,`.`),cf()()(),Oa$1(360,`a`,34),Za$1(361,`i`,35),Oa$1(362,`span`),DT(363,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()()),a&2){let l=QS(49),d=QS(86),m=QS(100),h=QS(302);UC(46),hf(` `,OT(47,12,`cats.service`,l.isJsActive),` 185`),UC(4),By(`hide`,l.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!l.isJsActive),UC(30),hf(` `,OT(84,15,`interfaces/cat.interface`,d.isJsActive),` 186`),UC(14),hf(` `,OT(98,18,`cats.controller`,m.isJsActive),` 187`),UC(4),By(`hide`,m.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!m.isJsActive),UC(195),hf(` `,OT(300,21,`app.module`,h.isJsActive),` 188`)}},dependencies:[xt,tn$1,u,tu,l$1,g],encapsulation:2})}return o})();var Ur=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-controllers`]],features:[My],decls:1354,vars:128,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[`app3695412cdbf024068faba2ef1186a9c730936609`,``],[`app6aec583011c7d3911251e6a4af97177939a8fef5`,``],[`appa098154c0b1e0372e5667524c24457faf4a2dd1d`,``],[`app4b3852679a271d3d6c9bdcc60a5dafc6de62cbba`,``],[`app10c0563a602cbd7f3bdf0b257a6c7795af06c55e`,``],[`appc67bd9dc96500213077a6df017270ba1aa9e5bfd`,``],[`appf490d3e6d812bd34e24600bbd5407d5efbbf5071`,``],[`appd57a49c3721dc76baec97946fe9a8f6e3e6c0f0c`,``],[`appa67c63a9a9756a751d0db37f0c83e479f646933e`,``],[`appb3d95a9fa2f44f200c36384818d986af41e04f65`,``],[`appa2cb366a567a633eb182d8713118b1cb618b1930`,``],[`appf4bedc0cf3866e0be38d304a5dad101dd75e7c0a`,``],[`app55245791a43b4378a1c01de04403377070bf9892`,``],[`app560b567fbfb1c75ae1ecd82c034f5c46036f5e3b`,``],[`app92532e8f3130aeacfb0c9b52f395ad200bff96d1`,``],[`app9f7a61e4c2aa865ea3a9ddac39243e0c70e3eaef`,``],[`appc18cc8eaa856c0899991f9dd7566987d6f2093c8`,``],[`app4d21be94c1c196badf834f066e7024881f23a497`,``],[`appb7a13d9a8c472f87f367782f63134ffe46be0b3b`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`controllers`],[`src`,`/assets/Controllers_1.png`,1,`illustrative-image`],[1,`info`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://docs.nestjs.com/application/validation`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://docs.nestjs.com/recipes/crud-generator#crud-generator`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`routing`],[1,`with-heading`],[1,`filename`],[1,`language-typescript`],[`href`,`controllers#status-code`],[`href`,`https://expressjs.com/en/api.html#res`,`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`],[1,`warning`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`request-object`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://expressjs.com/en/api.html#req`],[1,`table-code-asterisk`],[`routerLink`,`/techniques/cookie
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205 findAll() { 206 return 'This action returns all cats'; 207 } 208} 209`),cf()()(),Oa$1(76,`blockquote`,24)(77,`strong`),DT(78,`Hint`),cf(),DT(79,` To create a controller using the CLI, run the `),Oa$1(80,`code`),DT(81,`$ nest g controller [name]`),cf(),DT(82,` command. 210`),cf(),Oa$1(83,`p`),DT(84,`The `),Oa$1(85,`code`),DT(86,`@Get()`),cf(),DT(87,` HTTP request method decorator placed before the `),Oa$1(88,`code`),DT(89,`findAll()`),cf(),DT(90,` method tells Nest to create a handler for a specific endpoint. An endpoint is defined by the HTTP request method (GET in this case) and the route path. The route path of a handler combines the (optional) prefix declared for the controller `),Oa$1(91,`strong`),DT(92,`and`),cf(),DT(93,` any path specified in the method's decorator. Since the example sets a prefix (`),Oa$1(94,`code`),DT(95,`cats`),cf(),DT(96,`) and no path in the method decorator, Nest maps `),Oa$1(97,`code`),DT(98,`GET /cats`),cf(),DT(99,` requests to this handler.`),cf(),Oa$1(100,`p`),DT(101,`If the method decorator also specified a path, such as `),Oa$1(102,`code`),DT(103,`@Get('breed')`),cf(),DT(104,`, the resulting route would be `),Oa$1(105,`code`),DT(106,`GET /cats/breed`),cf(),DT(107,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(108,`p`),DT(109,`When a `),Oa$1(110,`code`),DT(111,`GET /cats`),cf(),DT(112,` request arrives, Nest routes it to the user-defined `),Oa$1(113,`code`),DT(114,`findAll()`),cf(),DT(115,` method. The method name is arbitrary: you must declare a method to bind the route to, but Nest attaches no significance to its name.`),cf(),Oa$1(116,`p`),DT(117,`This method returns a 200 status code along with the associated response, which in this case is a string. To explain why, we need to introduce the two `),Oa$1(118,`strong`),DT(119,`different`),cf(),DT(120,` options Nest provides for manipulating responses:`),cf(),Oa$1(121,`table`)(122,`tr`)(123,`td`),DT(124,`Standard (recommended)`),cf(),Oa$1(125,`td`),DT(126,` With this built-in method, when a route handler returns a JavaScript object or array, it is `),Oa$1(127,`strong`),DT(128,`automatically`),cf(),DT(129,` serialized to JSON. When it returns a JavaScript primitive type (e.g., `),Oa$1(130,`code`),DT(131,`string`),cf(),DT(132,`, `),Oa$1(133,`code`),DT(134,`number`),cf(),DT(135,`, `),Oa$1(136,`code`),DT(137,`boolean`),cf(),DT(138,`), Nest sends the value without attempting to serialize it. Response handling is therefore straightforward: return the value, and Nest takes care of the rest. `),Za$1(139,`br`)(140,`br`),DT(141,` The response's `),Oa$1(142,`strong`),DT(143,`status code`),cf(),DT(144,` is 200 by default, except for POST requests, which use 201. You can change this behavior by adding the `),Oa$1(145,`code`),DT(146,`@HttpCode(...)`),cf(),DT(147,` decorator at the handler level (see `),Oa$1(148,`a`,31),DT(149,`Status code`),cf(),DT(150,`). `),cf()(),Oa$1(151,`tr`)(152,`td`),DT(153,`Library-specific`),cf(),Oa$1(154,`td`),DT(155,` You can use the library-specific (e.g., Express) `),Oa$1(156,`a`,32),DT(157,`response object`),cf(),DT(158,`, injected with the `),Oa$1(159,`code`),DT(160,`@Res()`),cf(),DT(161,` decorator in the route handler signature (e.g., `),Oa$1(162,`code`),DT(163,`findAll(@Res() response)`),cf(),DT(164,`). This approach lets you use the native response handling methods exposed by that object. For example, with Express, you can construct responses with code like `),Oa$1(165,`code`),DT(166,`response.status(200).send()`),cf(),DT(167,`. `),cf()()(),Oa$1(168,`blockquote`,33)(169,`strong`),DT(170,`Warning`),cf(),DT(171,` Nest detects when a handler uses either `),Oa$1(172,`code`),DT(173,`@Res()`),cf(),DT(174,` or `),Oa$1(175,`code`),DT(176,`@Next()`),cf(),DT(177,`, which indicates that you have chosen the library-specific option. If both approaches are used at the same time, the standard approach is `),Oa$1(178,`strong`),DT(179,`automatically disabled`),cf(),DT(180,` for that route and no longer works as expected. To combine them (for example, to inject the response object only to set cookies or headers while leaving the rest to the framework), set the `),Oa$1(181,`code`),DT(182,`passthrough`),cf(),DT(183,` option to `),Oa$1(184,`code`),DT(185,`true`),cf(),DT(186,` in the `),Oa$1(187,`code`),DT(188),cf(),DT(189,` decorator.
211`),cf(),Oa$1(190,`p`),Za$1(191,`app-banner-devtools`),cf(),Oa$1(192,`h4`,34)(193,`span`),DT(194,`Request object`),cf()(),Oa$1(195,`p`),DT(196,`Handlers often need access to the client's `),Oa$1(197,`strong`),DT(198,`request`),cf(),DT(199,` details. Nest provides access to the `),Oa$1(200,`a`,35),DT(201,`request object`),cf(),DT(202,` of the underlying platform (Express by default). To access it, add the `),Oa$1(203,`code`),DT(204,`@Req()`),cf(),DT(205,` decorator to the handler's signature, which instructs Nest to inject it.`),cf(),Oa$1(206,`app-copy-button`,28)(207,`span`,29),DT(208),AT(209,`extension`),Za$1(210,`app-tabs`,null,2),cf(),Oa$1(212,`pre`)(213,`code`,30),DT(214,` 212import { Controller, Get, Req } from '@nestjs/common'; 213import type { Request } from 'express'; 214 215@Controller('cats') 216export class CatsController { 217 @Get() 218 findAll(@Req() request: Request): string { 219 return 'This action returns all cats'; 220 } 221} 222`),cf()(),Oa$1(215,`pre`)(216,`code`,30),DT(217,` 223import { Controller, Bind, Get, Req } from '@nestjs/common'; 224 225@Controller('cats') 226export class CatsController { 227 @Get() 228 @Bind(Req()) 229 findAll(request) { 230 return 'This action returns all cats'; 231 } 232} 233`),cf()()(),Oa$1(218,`blockquote`,24)(219,`strong`),DT(220,`Hint`),cf(),DT(221,` To take advantage of `),Oa$1(222,`code`),DT(223,`express`),cf(),DT(224,` typings (as in the `),Oa$1(225,`code`),DT(226,`request: Request`),cf(),DT(227,` parameter above), install the `),Oa$1(228,`code`),DT(229,`@types/express`),cf(),DT(230,` package. 234`),cf(),Oa$1(231,`p`),DT(232,`The request object represents the HTTP request and has properties for the query string, route parameters, HTTP headers, and body (see the `),Oa$1(233,`a`,35),DT(234,`Express documentation`),cf(),DT(235,`). In most cases, you don't need to access these properties manually. Instead, use dedicated decorators such as `),Oa$1(236,`code`),DT(237,`@Body()`),cf(),DT(238,` or `),Oa$1(239,`code`),DT(240,`@Query()`),cf(),DT(241,`, which are available out of the box. The following table lists the provided decorators and the platform-specific objects they represent.`),cf(),Oa$1(242,`table`)(243,`tbody`)(244,`tr`)(245,`td`)(246,`code`),DT(247,`@Request(), @Req()`),cf()(),Oa$1(248,`td`)(249,`code`),DT(250,`req`),cf()()(),Oa$1(251,`tr`)(252,`td`)(253,`code`),DT(254,`@Response(), @Res()`),cf(),Oa$1(255,`span`,36),DT(256,`*`),cf()(),Oa$1(257,`td`)(258,`code`),DT(259,`res`),cf()()(),Oa$1(260,`tr`)(261,`td`)(262,`code`),DT(2
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23463,`@Next()`),cf()(),Oa$1(264,`td`)(265,`code`),DT(266,`next`),cf()()(),Oa$1(267,`tr`)(268,`td`)(269,`code`),DT(270,`@Session()`),cf()(),Oa$1(271,`td`)(272,`code`),DT(273,`req.session`),cf()()(),Oa$1(274,`tr`)(275,`td`)(276,`code`),DT(277,`@Param(key?: string)`),cf()(),Oa$1(278,`td`)(279,`code`),DT(280,`req.params`),cf(),DT(281,` / `),Oa$1(282,`code`),DT(283,`req.params[key]`),cf()()(),Oa$1(284,`tr`)(285,`td`)(286,`code`),DT(287,`@Body(key?: string)`),cf()(),Oa$1(288,`td`)(289,`code`),DT(290,`req.body`),cf(),DT(291,` / `),Oa$1(292,`code`),DT(293,`req.body[key]`),cf()()(),Oa$1(294,`tr`)(295,`td`)(296,`code`),DT(297,`@Query(key?: string)`),cf()(),Oa$1(298,`td`)(299,`code`),DT(300,`req.query`),cf(),DT(301,` / `),Oa$1(302,`code`),DT(303,`req.query[key]`),cf()()(),Oa$1(304,`tr`)(305,`td`)(306,`code`),DT(307,`@Headers(name?: string)`),cf()(),Oa$1(308,`td`)(309,`code`),DT(310,`req.headers`),cf(),DT(311,` / `),Oa$1(312,`code`),DT(313,`req.headers[name]`),cf()()(),Oa$1(314,`tr`)(315,`td`)(316,`code`),DT(317,`@Cookies(name?: string)`),cf()(),Oa$1(318,`td`),DT(319,`request cookies / the cookie named `),Oa$1(320,`code`),DT(321,`name`),cf(),DT(322,` (see `),Oa$1(323,`a`,37),DT(324,`Cookies`),cf(),DT(325,`)`),cf()(),Oa$1(326,`tr`)(327,`td`)(328,`code`),DT(329,`@SignedCookies(name?: string)`),cf()(),Oa$1(330,`td`),DT(331,`verified signed cookies / the signed cookie named `),Oa$1(332,`code`),DT(333,`name`),cf()()(),Oa$1(334,`tr`)(335,`td`)(336,`code`),DT(337,`@Ip()`),cf()(),Oa$1(338,`td`)(339,`code`),DT(340,`req.ip`),cf()()(),Oa$1(341,`tr`)(342,`td`)(343,`code`),DT(344,`@HostParam()`),cf()(),Oa$1(345,`td`)(346,`code`),DT(347,`req.hosts`),cf()()()()(),Oa$1(348,`p`)(349,`sup`),DT(350,`* `),cf(),DT(351,`For compatibility with typings across underlying HTTP platforms (e.g., Express and Fastify), Nest provides the `),Oa$1(352,`code`),DT(353,`@Res()`),cf(),DT(354,` and `),Oa$1(355,`code`),DT(356,`@Response()`),cf(),DT(357,` decorators. `),Oa$1(358,`code`),DT(359,`@Res()`),cf(),DT(360,` is an alias for `),Oa$1(361,`code`),DT(362,`@Response()`),cf(),DT(363,`. Both directly expose the native `),Oa$1(364,`code`),DT(365,`response`),cf(),DT(366,` object of the underlying platform. When using them, also install the typings for the underlying library (e.g., `),Oa$1(367,`code`),DT(368,`@types/express`),cf(),DT(369,`) to take full advantage of them. When you inject either `),Oa$1(370,`code`),DT(371,`@Res()`),cf(),DT(372,` or `),Oa$1(373,`code`),DT(374,`@Response()`),cf(),DT(375,` in a route handler, you put Nest into `),Oa$1(376,`strong`),DT(377,`library-specific mode`),cf(),DT(378,` for that handler, and you become responsible for managing the response. You must then send a response by calling a method on the `),Oa$1(379,`code`),DT(380,`response`),cf(),DT(381,` object (e.g., `),Oa$1(382,`code`),DT(383,`res.json(...)`),cf(),DT(384,` or `),Oa$1(385,`code`),DT(386,`res.send(...)`),cf(),DT(387,`); otherwise, the request will hang.`),cf(),Oa$1(388,`p`)(389,`code`),DT(390,`@Body()`),cf(),DT(391,`, `),Oa$1(392,`code`),DT(393,`@Query()`),cf(),DT(394,`, `),Oa$1(395,`code`),DT(396,`@Param()`),cf(),DT(397,`, and `),Oa$1(398,`code`),DT(399,`@RawBody()`),cf(),DT(400,` also accept an options object with `),Oa$1(401,`code`),DT(402,`schema`),cf(),DT(403,` and `),Oa$1(404,`code`),DT(405,`pipes`),cf(),DT(406,` properties. This lets you attach `),Oa$1(407,`a`,38),DT(408,`Standard Schema`),cf(),DT(409,` compatible schemas, such as those created with Zod, Valibot, or ArkType, directly to route parameters.`),cf(),Oa$1(410,`app-copy-button`)(411,`pre`)(412,`code`,30),DT(413,` 235@Post() 236create(@Body({ schema: createCatSchema }) createCatDto: CreateCatDto) { 237 return this.catsService.create(createCatDto); 238} 239 240@Get(':id') 241findOne(@Param('id', { schema: z.coerce.number().int().positive() }) id: number) { 242 return this.catsService.findOne(id); 243} 244`),cf()()(),Oa$1(414,`p`),DT(415,`On their own, these decorators only attach the schema as metadata. To validate against it, register the built-in `),Oa$1(4
24416,`code`),DT(417,`StandardSchemaValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(418,` or a custom pipe that reads `),Oa$1(419,`code`),DT(420,`metadata.schema`),cf(),DT(421,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(422,`blockquote`,24)(423,`strong`),DT(424,`Hint`),cf(),DT(425,` To learn how to create your own decorators, see the `),Oa$1(426,`a`,39),DT(427,`Custom route decorators`),cf(),DT(428,` chapter. 245`),cf(),Oa$1(429,`h4`,40)(430,`span`),DT(431,`Resources`),cf()(),Oa$1(432,`p`),DT(433,`Earlier, we defined an endpoint to fetch the cats resource (`),Oa$1(434,`strong`),DT(435,`GET`),cf(),DT(436,` route). Typically, we also want an endpoint that creates new records. Let's add a `),Oa$1(437,`strong`),DT(438,`POST`),cf(),DT(439,` handler:`),cf(),Oa$1(440,`app-copy-button`,28)(441,`span`,29),DT(442),AT(443,`extension`),Za$1(444,`app-tabs`,null,3),cf(),Oa$1(446,`pre`)(447,`code`,30),DT(448,` 246import { Controller, Get, Post } from '@nestjs/common'; 247 248@Controller('cats') 249export class CatsController { 250 @Post() 251 create(): string { 252 return 'This action adds a new cat'; 253 } 254 255 @Get() 256 findAll(): string { 257 return 'This action returns all cats'; 258 } 259} 260`),cf()(),Oa$1(449,`pre`)(450,`code`,30),DT(451,` 261import { Controller, Get, Post } from '@nestjs/common'; 262 263@Controller('cats') 264export class CatsController { 265 @Post() 266 create() { 267 return 'This action adds a new cat'; 268 } 269 270 @Get() 271 findAll() { 272 return 'This action returns all cats'; 273 } 274} 275`),cf()()(),Oa$1(452,`p`),DT(453,`Nest provides decorators for all standard HTTP methods: `),Oa$1(454,`code`),DT(455,`@Get()`),cf(),DT(456,`, `),Oa$1(457,`code`),DT(458,`@Post()`),cf(),DT(459,`, `),Oa$1(460,`code`),DT(461,`@Put()`),cf(),DT(462,`, `),Oa$1(463,`code`),DT(464,`@Delete()`),cf(),DT(465,`, `),Oa$1(466,`code`),DT(467,`@Patch()`),cf(),DT(468,`, `),Oa$1(469,`code`),DT(470,`@Options()`),cf(),DT(471,`, `),Oa$1(472,`code`),DT(473,`@Head()`),cf(),DT(474,`, and `),Oa$1(475,`code`),DT(476,`@QueryMethod()`),cf(),DT(477,`. The last one maps to the `),Oa$1(478,`code`),DT(479,`QUERY`),cf(),DT(480,` method; it is named `),Oa$1(481,`code`),DT(482,`QueryMethod`),cf(),DT(483,` to avoid a clash with the `),Oa$1(484,`code`),DT(485,`@Query()`),cf(),DT(486,` parameter decorator. In addition, `),Oa$1(487,`code`),DT(488,`@All()`),cf(),DT(489,` defines an endpoint that handles all of them.`),cf(),Oa$1(490,`h4`,41)(491,`span`),DT(492,`Route wildcards`),cf()(),Oa$1(493,`p`),DT(494,`Nest also supports pattern-based routes. For example, an asterisk (`),Oa$1(495,`code`),DT(496,`*`),cf(),DT(497,`) at the end of a path acts as a wildcard that matches any combination of characters. In the following example, the `),Oa$1(498,`code`),DT(499,`findAll()`),cf(),DT(500,` method is executed for any route that starts with `),Oa$1(501,`code`),DT(502,`abcd/`),cf(),DT(503,`, regardless of the number of characters that follow.`),cf(),Oa$1(504,`app-copy-button`)(505,`pre`)(506,`code`,30),DT(507,` 276@Get('abcd/*') 277findAll() { 278 return 'This route uses a wildcard'; 279} 280`),cf()()(),Oa$1(508,`p`),DT(509,`The `),Oa$1(510,`code`),DT(511,`'abcd/*'`),cf(),DT(512,` route path matches `),Oa$1(513,`code`),DT(514,`abcd/`),cf(),DT(515,`, `),Oa$1(516,`code`),DT(517,`abcd/123`),cf(),DT(518,`, `),Oa$1(519,`code`),DT(520,`abcd/abc`),cf(),DT(521,`, and so on. In string-based paths, the hyphen (`),Oa$1(522,`code`),DT(523,`-`),cf(),DT(524,`) and the dot (`),Oa$1(525,`code`),DT(526,`.`),cf(),DT(527,`) are interpreted literally.`),cf(),Oa$1(528,`p`),DT(529,`This approach works with both Express and Fastify. Express v5, however, made its routing stricter: in plain Express, a wildcard must be named for the route to work (e.g., `),Oa$1(530,`code`),DT(531),cf(),DT(532,`, where `),Oa$1(533,`code`),DT(534,`splat`),cf(),DT(535,` is an arbitrary name for the wildcard parameter with no special meaning). Because Nest provides a compatibility layer for Express, you can still use an unnamed asterisk (`),Oa$1(536,`code`),DT(537,`*`),cf(),DT(538,`) as a wildcard.`),cf(),Oa$1(539,`p`),DT(540,`For asterisks in the `),Oa$1(541,`strong`),DT(542,`middle of a route`),cf(),DT(543,`, Express requires named wildcards (e.g., `),Oa$1(544,`co
280de`),DT(545),cf(),DT(546,`), while Fastify does not support them at all.`),cf(),Oa$1(547,`h4`,42)(548,`span`),DT(549,`Route conflicts and resolution order`),cf()(),Oa$1(550,`p`),DT(551,`Nest registers routes in declaration order. On order-sensitive adapters, such as the default Express adapter, a parametric route can therefore silently shadow a more specific one:`),cf(),Oa$1(552,`app-copy-button`)(553,`pre`)(554,`code`,30),DT(555,` 281@Controller('users') 282export class UsersController { 283 @Get(':id') 284 findOne() {} 285 286 @Get('me') // never reached: \`:id\` matches "me" first 287 findMe() {} 288} 289`),cf()()(),Oa$1(556,`p`),DT(557,`This is easy to miss: the application boots without a warning, and the problem only surfaces at runtime, when a request is dispatched to the wrong handler. Pipes such as `),Oa$1(558,`code`),DT(559,`ParseIntPipe`),cf(),DT(560,` do not help here, because routing selects the handler `),Oa$1(561,`em`),DT(562,`before`),cf(),DT(563,` any pipe runs.`),cf(),Oa$1(564,`p`),DT(565,`NestJS v12 adds two opt-in `),Oa$1(566,`code`),DT(567,`NestApplicationOptions`),cf(),DT(568,` properties that guard against this. Both default to the previous behavior, so existing applications are unaffected unless you set them.`),cf(),Oa$1(569,`p`)(570,`strong`)(571,`code`),DT(572,`routeConflictPolicy`),cf()(),DT(573,` enables bootstrap-time diagnostics. For each kind of conflict, it takes a severity of `),Oa$1(574,`code`),DT(575,`'off'`),cf(),DT(576,` (the default), `),Oa$1(577,`code`),DT(578,`'warn'`),cf(),DT(579,`, or `),Oa$1(580,`code`),DT(581,`'error'`),cf(),DT(582,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(583,`app-copy-button`)(584,`pre`)(585,`code`,30),DT(586,` 290const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule, { 291 routeConflictPolicy: { duplicate: 'error', shadow: 'warn' }, 292}); 293`),cf()()(),Oa$1(587,`table`)(588,`tr`)(589,`td`)(590,`code`),DT(591,`duplicate`),cf()(),Oa$1(592,`td`),DT(593,`Two routes share an identical method, path, host, and version.`),cf()(),Oa$1(594,`tr`)(595,`td`)(596,`code`),DT(597,`shadow`),cf()(),Oa$1(598,`td`),DT(599,`Two route patterns can match the same request (e.g., `),Oa$1(600,`code`),DT(601,`/users/me`),cf(),DT(602,` and `),Oa$1(603,`code`),DT(604,`/users/:id`),cf(),DT(605,`).`),cf()()(),Oa$1(606,`p`),DT(607,`With `),Oa$1(608,`code`),DT(609,`'error'`),cf(),DT(610,`, all offending pairs are aggregated into a single `),Oa$1(611,`code`),DT(612,`RouteConflictException`),cf(),DT(613,`, thrown when the application initializes (in `),Oa$1(614,`code`),DT(615,`app.init()`),cf(),DT(616,`, or in `),Oa$1(617,`code`),DT(618,`app.listen()`),cf(),DT(619,` if you don't call `),Oa$1(620,`code`),DT(621,`init()`),cf(),DT(622,` explicitly). This way, you see every conflict at once rather than one per restart.`),cf(),Oa$1(623,`p`)(624,`strong`)(625,`code`),DT(626,`routeResolutionStrategy`),cf()(),DT(627,` controls registration order. Setting it to `),Oa$1(628,`code`),DT(629,`'specificity'`),cf(),DT(630,` registers the most specific routes first (literal segments take precedence over parametric segments, which take precedence over wildcards), so the example above works regardless of declaration order:`),cf(),Oa$1(631,`app-copy-button`)(632,`pre`)(633,`code`,30),DT(634,` 294const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule, { 295 routeResolutionStrategy: 'specificity', 296}); 297`),cf()()(),Oa$1(635,`p`),DT(636,`The default is `),Oa$1(637,`code`),DT(638,`'declaration'`),cf(),DT(639,`, which preserves the previous behavior.`),cf(),Oa$1(640,`blockquote`,24)(641,`strong`),DT(642,`Hint`),cf(),DT(643,` Apart from the `),Oa$1(644,`code`),DT(645,`duplicate`),cf(),DT(646,` policy, these options only matter on adapters where registration order affects matching. `),Oa$1(647,`code`),DT(648,`ExpressAdapter`),cf(),DT(649,` is order-sensitive; `),Oa$1(650,`code`),DT(651,`FastifyAdapter`),cf(),DT(652,` is not, because its router (`),Oa$1(653,`code`),DT(654,`find-my-way`),cf(),DT(655,`) already ranks routes by specificity. On Fastify, the `),Oa$1(656,`code`),DT(657,`shadow`),cf(),DT(658,` policy is a no-op and `),Oa$1(659,`code`),DT(660,`'specificity'`),cf(),DT(661,` sorting has no effect, while the `),Oa$1(662,`code`),DT(663,`duplicate`),cf(),DT(664,` policy is honored on both adapters. The `),Oa$1(665,`code`),DT(666,`RouteConflictPolicy`),cf(),DT(667,`, `),Oa$1(668,`code`),DT(669,`RouteConflictPolicyLevel`),cf(),DT(670,`, and `),Oa$1(671,`code`),DT(672,`RouteResolutionStrategy`),cf(),DT(673,` types are exported from `),Oa$1(674,`code`),DT(675,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(676,`.
298`),cf(),Oa$1(677,`h4`,43)(678,`span`),DT(679,`Status code`),cf()(),Oa$1(680,`p`),DT(681,`As mentioned, the default response `),Oa$1(682,`strong`),DT(683,`status code`),cf(),DT(684,` is `),Oa$1(685,`strong`),DT(686,`200`),cf(),DT(687,`, except for POST requests, which default to `),Oa$1(688,`strong`),DT(689,`201`),cf(),DT(690,`. You can change this behavior with the `),Oa$1(691,`code`),DT(692,`@HttpCode(...)`),cf(),DT(693,` decorator at the handler level.`),cf(),Oa$1(694,`app-copy-button`)(695,`pre`)(696,`code`,30),DT(697,` 299@Post() 300@HttpCode(204) 301create() { 302 return 'This action adds a new cat'; 303} 304`),cf()()(),Oa$1(698,`blockquote`,24)(699,`strong`),DT(700,`Hint`),cf(),DT(701,` Import `),Oa$1(702,`code`),DT(703,`HttpCode`),cf(),DT(704,` from the `),Oa$1(705,`code`),DT(706,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(707,` package. 305`),cf(),Oa$1(708,`p`),DT(709,`Often, the status code isn't static but depends on various factors. In that case, use a library-specific `),Oa$1(710,`strong`),DT(711,`response`),cf(),DT(712,` object (injected with `),Oa$1(713,`code`),DT(714,`@Res()`),cf(),DT(715,`) or, in case of an error, throw an exception.`),cf(),Oa$1(716,`h4`,44)(717,`span`),DT(718,`Response headers`),cf()(),Oa$1(719,`p`),DT(720,`To set a custom response header, use either the `),Oa$1(721,`code`),DT(722,`@Header()`),cf(),DT(723,` decorator or a library-specific response object (and call `),Oa$1(724,`code`),DT(725,`res.header()`),cf(),DT(726,` directly).`),cf(),Oa$1(727,`app-copy-button`)(728,`pre`)(729,`code`,30),DT(730,` 306@Post() 307@Header('Cache-Control', 'no-store') 308create() { 309 return 'This action adds a new cat'; 310} 311`),cf()()(),Oa$1(731,`blockquote`,24)(732,`strong`),DT(733,`Hint`),cf(),DT(734,` Import `),Oa$1(735,`code`),DT(736,`Header`),cf(),DT(737,` from the `),Oa$1(738,`code`),DT(739,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(740,` package. 312`),cf(),Oa$1(741,`h4`,45)(742,`span`),DT(743,`Redirection`),cf()(),Oa$1(744,`p`),DT(745,`To redirect a response to a specific URL, use either the `),Oa$1(746,`code`),DT(747,`@Redirect()`),cf(),DT(748,` decorator or a library-specific response object (and call `),Oa$1(749,`code`),DT(750,`res.redirect()`),cf(),DT(751,` directly).`),cf(),Oa$1(752,`p`)(753,`code`),DT(754,`@Redirect()`),cf(),DT(755,` takes two optional arguments, `),Oa$1(756,`code`),DT(757,`url`),
312cf(),DT(758,` and `),Oa$1(759,`code`),DT(760,`statusCode`),cf(),DT(761,`. If omitted, `),Oa$1(762,`code`),DT(763,`statusCode`),cf(),DT(764,` defaults to `),Oa$1(765,`code`),DT(766,`302`),cf(),DT(767,` (`),Oa$1(768,`code`),DT(769,`Found`),cf(),DT(770,`).`),cf(),Oa$1(771,`app-copy-button`)(772,`pre`)(773,`code`,30),DT(774,` 313@Get() 314@Redirect('https://nestjs.com', 301) 315`),cf()()(),Oa$1(775,`blockquote`,24)(776,`strong`),DT(777,`Hint`),cf(),DT(778,` To determine the HTTP status code or the redirect URL dynamically, return an object that follows the `),Oa$1(779,`code`),DT(780,`HttpRedirectResponse`),cf(),DT(781,` interface (exported from `),Oa$1(782,`code`),DT(783,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(784,`). 316`),cf(),Oa$1(785,`p`),DT(786,`Returned values override any arguments passed to the `),Oa$1(787,`code`),DT(788,`@Redirect()`),cf(),DT(789,` decorator. For example:`),cf(),Oa$1(790,`app-copy-button`,28)(791,`span`,29),Za$1(792,`app-tabs`,null,4),cf(),Oa$1(794,`pre`)(795,`code`,30),DT(796,` 317@Get('docs') 318@Redirect('https://docs.nestjs.com', 302) 319getDocs(@Query('version') version) { 320 if (version && version === '5') { 321 return { url: 'https://docs.nestjs.com/v5/' }; 322 } 323} 324`),cf()(),Oa$1(797,`pre`)(798,`code`,30),DT(799,` 325@Get('docs') 326@Redirect('https://docs.nestjs.com', 302) 327@Bind(Query('version')) 328getDocs(version) { 329 if (version && version === '5') { 330 return { url: 'https://docs.nestjs.com/v5/' }; 331 } 332} 333`),cf()()(),Oa$1(800,`h4`,46)(801,`span`),DT(802,`Route parameters`),cf()(),Oa$1(803,`p`),DT(804,`Routes with static paths don't work when you need to accept `),Oa$1(805,`strong`),DT(806,`dynamic data`),cf(),DT(807,` as part of the request (e.g., `),Oa$1(808,`code`),DT(809,`GET /cats/1`),cf(),DT(810,` to get the cat with id `),Oa$1(811,`code`),DT(812,`1`),cf(),DT(813,`). To define a route with parameters, add route parameter `),Oa$1(814,`strong`),DT(815,`tokens`),cf(),DT(816,` to the route path to capture the dynamic values from the URL, as the `),Oa$1(817,`code`),DT(818,`@Get()`),cf(),DT(819,` decorator in the example below shows. You can then access these route parameters with the `),Oa$1(820,`code`),DT(821,`@Param()`),cf(),DT(822,` decorator, added to the method signature.`),cf(),Oa$1(823,`blockquote`,24)(824,`strong`),DT(825,`Hint`),cf(),DT(826,` Declare routes with parameters after any static paths, so that the parameterized path doesn't intercept traffic destined for the static one. See `),Oa$1(827,`a`,47),DT(828,`Route conflicts and resolution order`),cf(),DT(829,` for the options that detect this at bootstrap or resolve it for you. 334`),cf(),Oa$1(830,`app-copy-button`,28)(831,`span`,29),Za$1(832,`app-tabs`,null,5),cf(),Oa$1(834,`pre`)(835,`code`,30),DT(836,` 335@Get(':id') 336findOne(@Param() params: any): string { 337 console.log(params.id); 338 return \`This action returns a #\${params.id} cat\`; 339} 340`),cf()(),Oa$1(837,`pre`)(838,`code`,30),DT(839,` 341@Get(':id') 342@Bind(Param()) 343findOne(params) { 344 console.log(params.id); 345 return \`This action returns a #\${params.id} cat\`; 346} 347`),cf()()(),Oa$1(840,`p`),DT(841,`The `),Oa$1(842,`code`),DT(843,`@Param()`),cf(),DT(844,` decorator decorates a method parameter (`),Oa$1(845,`code`),DT(846,`params`),cf(),DT(847,` in the example above), making the `),Oa$1(848,`strong`),DT(849,`route`),cf(),DT(850,` parameters available as properties of that parameter inside the method. As the code shows, you access the `),Oa$1(851,`code`),DT(852,`id`),cf(),DT(853,` parameter as `),Oa$1(854,`code`),DT(855,`params.id`),cf(),DT(856,`. Alternatively, pass a specific parameter token to the decorator and reference the route parameter directly by name in the method body.`),cf(),Oa$1(857,`blockquote`,24)(858,`strong`),DT(859,`Hint`),cf(),DT(860,` Import `),Oa$1(861,`code`),DT(862,`Param`),cf(),DT(863,` from the `),Oa$1(864,`code`),DT(865,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(866,` package. 348`),cf(),Oa$1(867,`app-copy-button`,28)(868,`span`,29),Za$1(869,`app-tabs`,null,6),cf(),Oa$1(871,`pre`)(872,`code`,30),DT(873,` 349@Get(':id') 350findOne(@Param('id') id: string): string { 351 return \`This action returns a #\${id} cat\`; 352} 353`),cf()(),Oa$1(874,`pre`)(875,`code`,30),DT(876,` 354@Get(':id') 355@Bind(Param('id')) 356findOne(id) { 357 return \`This action returns a #\${id} cat\`; 358} 359`),cf()()(),Oa$1(877,`h4`,48)(878,`span`),DT(879,`Sub-domain routing`),cf()(),Oa$1(880,`p`),DT(881,`The `),Oa$1(882,`code`),DT(883,`@Controller()`),cf(),DT(884,` decorator can take a `),Oa$1(885,`code`),DT(886,`host`),cf(),DT(887,` option to require that the HTTP host of incoming requests matches a specific value.`),cf(),Oa$1(888,`app-copy-button`,28)(889,`span`,29),DT(890),AT(891,`extension`),Za$1(892,`app-tabs`,null,7),cf(),Oa$1(894,`pre`)(895,`code`,30),DT(896,` 360@Controller({ host: 'admin.example.com' }) 361export class AdminController { 362 @Get() 363 index(): string { 364 return 'Admin page'; 365 } 366} 367`),cf()(),Oa$1(897,`pre`)(898,`code`,30),DT(899,` 368@Controller({ host: 'admin.example.com' }) 369export class AdminController { 370 @Get() 371 index() { 372 return 'Admin page'; 373 } 374} 375`),cf()()(),Oa$1(900,`blockquote`,33)(901,`strong`),DT(902,`Warning`),cf(),DT(903,` Since `),Oa$1(904,`strong`),DT(905,`Fastify`),cf
vendor: 5,103 bytes, lines 375-419
375(),DT(906,` does not support nested routers, use the default Express adapter if you rely on sub-domain routing. 376`),cf(),Oa$1(907,`p`),DT(908,`Like a route `),Oa$1(909,`code`),DT(910,`path`),cf(),DT(911,`, the `),Oa$1(912,`code`),DT(913,`host`),cf(),DT(914,` option can use tokens to capture the dynamic value at that position in the host name, as the host parameter token in the `),Oa$1(915,`code`),DT(916,`@Controller()`),cf(),DT(917,` decorator below shows. You can access host parameters declared this way with the `),Oa$1(918,`code`),DT(919,`@HostParam()`),cf(),DT(920,` decorator, added to the method signature.`),cf(),Oa$1(921,`app-copy-button`,28)(922,`span`,29),DT(923),AT(924,`extension`),Za$1(925,`app-tabs`,null,8),cf(),Oa$1(927,`pre`)(928,`code`,30),DT(929,` 377@Controller({ host: ':account.example.com' }) 378export class AccountController { 379 @Get() 380 getInfo(@HostParam('account') account: string) { 381 return account; 382 } 383} 384`),cf()(),Oa$1(930,`pre`)(931,`code`,30),DT(932,` 385@Controller({ host: ':account.example.com' }) 386export class AccountController { 387 @Get() 388 @Bind(HostParam('account')) 389 getInfo(account) { 390 return account; 391 } 392} 393`),cf()()(),Oa$1(933,`h4`,49)(934,`span`),DT(935,`State sharing`),cf()(),Oa$1(936,`p`),DT(937,`Developers coming from other programming languages may be surprised to learn that in Nest, nearly everything is shared across incoming requests. This includes resources such as the database connection pool, singleton services with global state, and more. Node.js doesn't follow the request/response multi-threaded stateless model, in which each request is handled by a separate thread. As a result, using singleton instances in Nest is fully `),Oa$1(938,`strong`),DT(939,`safe`),cf(),DT(940,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(941,`p`),DT(942,`That said, some edge cases may require request-based lifetimes for controllers, such as per-request caching in GraphQL applications, request tracking, or multi-tenancy. To learn how to control this, see `),Oa$1(943,`a`,50),DT(944,`Injection scopes`),cf(),DT(945,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(946,`h4`,51)(947,`span`),DT(948,`Asynchronicity`),cf()(),Oa$1(949,`p`),DT(950,`Modern JavaScript relies heavily on `),Oa$1(951,`strong`),DT(952,`asynchronous`),cf(),DT(953,` data handling, and Nest fully supports `),Oa$1(954,`code`),DT(955,`async`),cf(),DT(956,` functions. An `),Oa$1(957,`code`),DT(958,`async`),cf(),DT(959,` function always returns a `),Oa$1(960,`code`),DT(961,`Promise`),cf(),DT(962,`, so a route handler can return a deferred value that Nest resolves automatically:`),cf(),Oa$1(963,`app-copy-button`,28)(964,`span`,29),DT(965),AT(966,`extension`),Za$1(967,`app-tabs`,null,9),cf(),Oa$1(969,`pre`)(970,`code`,30),DT(971,` 394@Get() 395async findAll(): Promise<any[]> { 396 return []; 397} 398`),cf()(),Oa$1(972,`pre`)(973,`code`,30),DT(974,` 399@Get() 400async findAll() { 401 return []; 402} 403`),cf()()(),Oa$1(975,`p`),DT(976,`Route handlers can also return RxJS `),Oa$1(977,`a`,52),DT(978,`observable streams`),cf(),DT(979,`. Nest subscribes to the stream internally and resolves the last emitted value once the stream completes.`),cf(),Oa$1(980,`app-copy-button`,28)(981,`span`,29),DT(982),AT(983,`extension`),Za$1(984,`app-tabs`,null,10),cf(),Oa$1(986,`pre`)(987,`code`,30),DT(988,` 404@Get() 405findAll(): Observable<any[]> { 406 return of([]); 407} 408`),cf()(),Oa$1(989,`pre`)(990,`code`,30),DT(991,` 409@Get() 410findAll() { 411 return of([]); 412} 413`),cf()()(),Oa$1(992,`p`),DT(993,`Both approaches are valid; choose the one that best suits your needs.`),cf(),Oa$1(994,`h4`,53)(995,`span`),DT(996,`Request payloads`),cf()(),Oa$1(997,`p`),DT(998,`The POST route handler in the previous example didn't accept any client parameters. Let's fix that by adding the `),Oa$1(999,`code`),DT(1e3,`@Body()`),cf(),DT(1001,` decorator.`),cf(),Oa$1(1002,`p`),DT(1003,`Before we proceed (if you're using TypeScript), we need to define the `),Oa$1(1004,`strong`),DT(1005,`DTO`),cf(),DT(1006,` (Data Transfer Object) schema. A DTO is an object that defines the shape of data sent over the network. You could define the DTO schema using `),Oa$1(1007,`strong`),DT(1008,`TypeScript`),cf(),DT(1009,` interfaces or plain classes, but `),Oa$1(1010,`strong`),DT(1011,`classes`),cf(),DT(1012,` are the recommended choice. Classes are part of the JavaScript ES6 standard, so they are preserved as real entities in the compiled JavaScript. TypeScript interfaces, by contrast, are removed during transpilation, so Nest can't reference them at runtime. This matters because features such as `),Oa$1(1013,`strong`),DT(1014,`pipes`),cf(),DT(1015,` rely on access to the metatype of variables at runtime, which is only possible with classes.`),cf(),Oa$1(1016,`p`),DT(1017,`Create the `),Oa$1(1018,`code`),DT(1019,`CreateCatDto`),cf(),DT(1020,` class:`),cf(),Oa$1(1021,`app-copy-button`,28)(1022,`span`,29),DT(1023),AT(1024,`extension`),Za$1(1025,`app-tabs`,null,11),cf(),Oa$1(1027,`pre`)(1028,`code`,30),DT(1029,` 414export class CreateCatDto { 415 name: string; 416 age: number; 417 breed: string; 418} 419`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1030,`p`),DT(1031,`It has three basic properties. We can now use the new DTO inside the `),Oa$1(1032,`co
419de`),DT(1033,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(1034,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(1035,`app-copy-button`,28)(1036,`span`,29),DT(1037),AT(1038,`extension`),Za$1(1039,`app-tabs`,null,12),cf(),Oa$1(1041,`pre`)(1042,`code`,30),DT(1043,` 420@Post() 421async create(@Body() createCatDto: CreateCatDto) { 422 return 'This action adds a new cat'; 423} 424`),cf()(),Oa$1(1044,`pre`)(1045,`code`,30),DT(1046,` 425@Post() 426@Bind(Body()) 427async create(createCatDto) { 428 return 'This action adds a new cat'; 429} 430`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1047,`blockquote`,24)(1048,`strong`),DT(1049,`Hint`),cf(),DT(1050,` The `),Oa$1(1051,`code`),DT(1052,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(1053,` can filter out properties that the route handler should not receive. You whitelist the acceptable properties, and any property not in the whitelist is automatically stripped from the resulting object. In the `),Oa$1(1054,`code`),DT(1055,`CreateCatDto`),cf(),DT(1056,` example, the whitelist consists of the `),Oa$1(1057,`code`),DT(1058,`name`),cf(),DT(1059,`, `),Oa$1(1060,`code`),DT(1061,`age`),cf(),DT(1062,`, and `),Oa$1(1063,`code`),DT(1064,`breed`),cf(),DT(1065,` properties. Learn more in `),Oa$1(1066,`a`,54),DT(1067,`Stripping properties`),cf(),DT(1068,`. 431`),cf(),Oa$1(1069,`h4`,55)(1070,`span`),DT(1071,`Query parameters`),cf()(),Oa$1(1072,`p`),DT(1073,`To extract query parameters from incoming requests, use the `),Oa$1(1074,`code`),DT(1075,`@Query()`),cf(),DT(1076,` decorator.`),cf(),Oa$1(1077,`p`),DT(1078,`Consider a route that filters a list of cats by query parameters such as `),Oa$1(1079,`code`),DT(1080,`age`),cf(),DT(1081,` and `),Oa$1(1082,`code`),DT(1083,`breed`),cf(),DT(1084,`. First, define the query parameters in the `),Oa$1(1085,`code`),DT(1086,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(1087,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(1088,`app-copy-button`,28)(1089,`span`,29),DT(1090),AT(1091,`extension`),Za$1(1092,`app-tabs`,null,13),cf(),Oa$1(1094,`pre`)(1095,`code`,30),DT(1096,` 432@Get() 433async findAll(@Query('age') age: number, @Query('breed') breed: string) { 434 return \`This action returns all cats filtered by age: \${age} and breed: \${breed}\`; 435} 436`),cf()(),Oa$1(1097,`pre`)(1098,`code`,30),DT(1099,` 437@Get() 438@Bind(Query('age'), Query('breed')) 439async findAll(age, breed) { 440 return \`This action returns all cats filtered by age: \${age} and breed: \${breed}\`; 441} 442`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1100,`p`),DT(1101,`In this example, the `),Oa$1(1102,`code`),DT(1103,`@Query()`),cf(),DT(1104,` decorator extracts the values of `),Oa$1(1105,`code`),DT(1106,`age`),cf(),DT(1107,` and `),Oa$1(1108,`code`),DT(1109,`breed`),cf(),DT(1110,` from the query string. For example, a request to:`),cf(),Oa$1(1111,`pre`)(1112,`code`,56),DT(1113,` 443GET /cats?age=2&breed=Persian 444`),cf()(),Oa$1(1114,`p`),DT(1115,`results in `),Oa$1(1116,`code`),DT(1117,`age`),cf(),DT(1118,` being `),Oa$1(1119,`code`),DT(1120,`'2'`),cf(),DT(1121,` and `),Oa$1(1122,`code`),DT(1123,`breed`),cf(),DT(1124,` being `),Oa$1(1125,`code`),DT(1126,`'Persian'`),cf(),DT(1127,`. Query parameter values arrive as strings, and the `),Oa$1(1128,`code`),DT(1129,`number`),cf(),DT(1130,` type annotation alone doesn't convert them. To receive a number, apply a pipe such as `),Oa$1(1131,`code`),DT(1132,`ParseIntPipe`),cf(),DT(1133,` (see `),Oa$1(1134,`a`,57),DT(1135,`Pipes`),cf(),DT(1136,`).`),cf(),Oa$1(1137,`p`),DT(1138,`If your application needs to handle more complex query parameters, such as nested objects or arrays:`),cf(),Oa$1(1139,`pre`)(1140,`code`,56),DT(1141,` 445?filter[where][name]=John&filter[where][age]=30 446?item[]=1&item[]=2 447`),cf()(),Oa$1(1142,`p`),DT(1143,`configure your HTTP adapter (Express or Fastify) to use an appropriate query parser. In Express, use the `),Oa$1(1144,`code`),DT(1145,`extended`),cf(),DT(1146,` parser, which supports rich query objects:`),cf(),Oa$1(1147,`app-copy-button`,28)(1148,`span`,29),DT(1149),AT(1150,`extension`),Za$1(1151,`app-tabs`,null,14),cf(),Oa$1(1153,`pre`)(1154,`code`,30),DT(1155,` 448const app = await NestFactory.create<NestExpressApplication>(AppModule); 449app.set('query parser', 'extended');
450`),cf()(),Oa$1(1156,`pre`)(1157,`code`,30),DT(1158,` 451const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule); 452app.set('query parser', 'extended'); 453`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1159,`p`),DT(1160,`In Fastify, use the `),Oa$1(1161,`code`),DT(1162,`querystringParser`),cf(),DT(1163,` option:`),cf(),Oa$1(1164,`app-copy-button`,28)(1165,`span`,29),DT(1166),AT(1167,`extension`),Za$1(1168,`app-tabs`,null,15),cf(),Oa$1(1170,`pre`)(1171,`code`,30),DT(1172,` 454const app = await NestFactory.create<NestFastifyApplication>( 455 AppModule, 456 new FastifyAdapter({ 457 querystringParser: (str) => qs.parse(str), 458 }), 459); 460`),cf()(),Oa$1(1173,`pre`)(1174,`code`,30),DT(1175,` 461const app = await NestFactory.create( 462 AppModule, 463 new FastifyAdapter({ 464 querystringParser: (str) => qs.parse(str), 465 }), 466); 467`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1176,`blockquote`,24)(1177,`strong`),DT(1178,`Hint`),cf(),Oa$1(1179,`code`),DT(1180,`qs`),cf(),DT(1181,` is a query string parser that supports nesting and arrays. Install it with `),Oa$1(1182,`code`),DT(1183,`npm install qs`),cf(),DT(1184,`. 468`),cf(),Oa$1(1185,`h4`,58)(1186,`span`),DT(1187,`Handling errors`),cf()(),Oa$1(1188,`p`),DT(1189,`Handling errors (i.e., working with exceptions) is covered in the `),Oa$1(1190,`a`,59),DT(1191,`Exception filters`),cf(),DT(1192,` chapter.`),cf(),Oa$1(1193,`h4`,60)(1194,`span`),DT(1195,`Observing routes in production`),cf()(),Oa$1(1196,`p`),DT(1197,`A controller that behaves perfectly on your machine can behave very differently under real traffic. In production, the question is never "does this route work?" but "why did `),Oa$1(1198,`code`),DT(1199,`GET /cats/:id`),cf(),DT(1200,` go from 40 ms to 900 ms after Tuesday's deploy, and is it every request or one unlucky tenant?"`),cf(),Oa$1(1201,`p`),DT(1202,`Route handlers are the natural unit for answering that question, and `),Oa$1(1203,`a`,61),DT(1204,`NestJS Observe`),cf(),DT(1205,` reports on exactly that unit. Because the `),Oa$1(1206,`code`),DT(1207,`@nestjs/observe`),cf(),DT(1208,` SDK hooks into Nest's own request lifecycle rather than wrapping the HTTP server, every measurement is labeled with the route pattern you declared (`),Oa$1(1209,`code`),DT(1210,`GET /cats/:id`),cf(),DT(1211,`, not 10,000 distinct URLs). Each route is therefore a single line you can sort, chart, and alert on:`),cf(),Oa$1(1212,`app-copy-button`)(1213,`pre`)(1214,`code`,30),DT(1215,` 469const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule, { 470 instrument: ObserveInstrument, 471}); 472`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1216,`p`),DT(1217,`Together with importing `),Oa$1(1218,`code`),DT(1219,`ObserveModule.forRoot()`),cf(),DT(1220,` into your root module, that is the whole integration. From there, a slow route is three clicks away: sort the route list by p95; open the operation to see whether the regression is constant or spiky and whether it started with a release; then open one slow execution and read its waterfall to see which controller, service method, or query held the time. Time is attributed per `),Oa$1(1221,`strong`),DT(1222,`class and method`),cf(),DT(1223,`, with awaited time subtracted, so `),Oa$1(1224,`code`),DT(1225,`CatsService.findOne()`),cf(),DT(1226,` spending 800 ms in its own code is immediately distinguishable from `),Oa$1(1227,`code`),DT(1228,`CatsService.findOne()`),cf(),DT(1229,` waiting 800 ms on the database.`),cf(),Oa$1(1230,`p`),DT(1231,`See the `),Oa$1(1232,`a`,62),DT(1233,`Observability`),cf(),DT(1234,` chapter to get set up, and `),Oa$1(1235,`a`,63),DT(1236,`Dashboard`),cf(),DT(1237,` for the full walk from an alert down to a single request.`),cf(),Oa$1(1238,`h4`,64)(1239,`span`),DT(1240,`Full resource sample`),cf()(),Oa$1(1241,`p`),DT(1242,`The following example uses several of the available decorators to create a basic controller. The controller exposes a few methods to access and manipulate internal data.`),cf(),Oa$1(1243,`app-copy-button`,28)(1244,`span`,29),DT(1245),AT(1246,`extension`),Za$1(1247,`app-tabs`,null,16),cf(),Oa$1(1249,`pre`)(1250,`code`,30),DT(1251,` 473import { Controller, Get, Query, Post, Body, Put, Param, Delete } from '@nestjs/common'; 474import { CreateCatDto, UpdateCatDto, ListAllEntities } from './dto.js'; 475 476@Controller('cats') 477export class CatsController { 478 @Post() 479 create(@Body() createCatDto: CreateCatDto) { 480 return 'This action adds a new cat'; 481 } 482 483 @Get() 484 findAll(@Query() query: ListAllEntities) { 485 return \`This action returns all cats (limit: \${query.limit} items)\`; 486 } 487 488 @Get(':id') 489 findOne(@Param('id') id: string) { 490 return \`This action returns a #\${id} cat\`; 491 } 492 493 @Put(':id') 494 update(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() updateCatDto: UpdateCatDto) { 495 return \`This action updates a #\${id} cat\`; 496 } 497 498 @Delete(':id') 499 remove(@Param('id') id: string) { 500 return \`This action removes a #\${id} cat\`; 501 } 502} 503`),cf()(),Oa$1(1252,`pre`)(1253,`code`,30),DT(1254,` 504import { Controller, Get, Query, Post, Body, Put, Param, Delete, Bind } from '@nestjs/common'; 505 506@Controller('cats') 507export class CatsController { 508 @Post() 509 @Bind(Body()) 510 create(createCatDto) { 511 return 'This action adds a new cat'; 512 } 513 514 @Get() 515 @Bind(Query()) 516 findAll(query) { 517 return \`This action returns all cats (limit: \${query.limit} items)\`; 518 } 519 520 @Get(':id') 521 @Bind(Param('id')) 522 findOne(id) { 523 return \`This action returns a #\${id} cat\`; 524 } 525 526 @Put(':id') 527 @Bind(Param('id'), Body()) 528 update(id, updateCatDto) { 529 return \`This action updates a #\${id} cat\`; 530 } 531 532 @Delete(':id') 533 @Bind(Param('id')) 534 remove(id) { 535 return \`This action removes a #\${id} cat\`; 536 } 537} 538`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1255,`blockquote`,24)(1256,`strong`),DT(1257,`Hint`),cf(),DT(1258,` The Nest CLI provides a generator (schematic) that automatically creates `),Oa$1(1259,`strong`),DT(1260,`all the boilerplate code`),cf(),DT(1261,`, so you don't have to write it manually. Learn more in the `),Oa$1(1262,`a`,65),DT(1263,`CRUD generator`),cf(),DT(1264,` recipe. 539`),cf(),Oa$1(1265,`h4`,66)(1266,`span`),DT(1267,`Getting up and running`),cf()(),Oa$1(1268,`p`),DT(1269,`Even with `),Oa$1(1270,`code`),DT(1271,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(1272,` fully defined, Nest doesn't know about it yet and won't create an instance of the class.`),cf(),Oa$1(1273,`p`),DT(1274,`Controllers must al
539ways belong to a module, which is why we include the `),Oa$1(1275,`code`),DT(1276,`controllers`),cf(),DT(1277,` array in the `),Oa$1(1278,`code`),DT(1279,`@Module()`),cf(),DT(1280,` decorator. Since we haven't defined any modules other than the root `),Oa$1(1281,`code`),DT(1282,`AppModule`),cf(),DT(1283,`, we'll use it to register `),Oa$1(1284,`code`),DT(1285,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(1286,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(1287,`app-copy-button`,28)(1288,`span`,29),DT(1289),AT(1290,`extension`),Za$1(1291,`app-tabs`,null,17),cf(),Oa$1(1293,`pre`)(1294,`code`,30),DT(1295,` 540import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 541import { CatsController } from './cats/cats.controller.js'; 542 543@Module({ 544 controllers: [CatsController], 545}) 546export class AppModule {} 547`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1296,`p`),DT(1297,`With this metadata attached to the module class through the `),Oa$1(1298,`code`),DT(1299,`@Module()`),cf(),DT(1300,` decorator, Nest can determine which controllers to mount.`),cf(),Oa$1(1301,`h4`,67)(1302,`span`),DT(1303,`Library-specific approach`),cf()(),Oa$1(1304,`p`),DT(1305,`So far, we've covered the standard Nest way of manipulating responses. The alternative is to use a library-specific `),Oa$1(1306,`a`,68),DT(1307,`response object`),cf(),DT(1308,`, injected with the `),Oa$1(1309,`code`),DT(1310,`@Res()`),cf(),DT(1311,` decorator. To highlight the differences, let's rewrite `),Oa$1(1312,`code`),DT(1313,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(1314,` as follows:`),cf(),Oa$1(1315,`app-copy-button`,28)(1316,`span`,29),Za$1(1317,`app-tabs`,null,18),cf(),Oa$1(1319,`pre`)(1320,`code`,30),DT(1321,` 548import { Controller, Get, Post, Res, HttpStatus } from '@nestjs/common'; 549import type { Response } from 'express'; 550 551@Controller('cats') 552export class CatsController { 553 @Post() 554 create(@Res() res: Response) { 555 res.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).send(); 556 } 557 558 @Get() 559 findAll(@Res() res: Response) { 560 res.status(HttpStatus.OK).json([]); 561 } 562} 563`),cf()(),Oa$1(1322,`pre`)(1323,`code`,30),DT(1324,` 564import { Controller, Get, Post, Bind, Res, HttpStatus } from '@nestjs/common'; 565 566@Controller('cats') 567export class CatsController { 568 @Post() 569 @Bind(Res()) 570 create(res) { 571 res.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).send(); 572 } 573 574 @Get() 575 @Bind(Res()) 576 findAll(res) { 577 res.status(HttpStatus.OK).json([]); 578 } 579} 580`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1325,`p`),DT(1326,`This approach offers more flexibility by giving full control over the response object (e.g., header manipulation and access to library-specific features), but it should be used with caution. It is generally less clear and has some downsides. The main disadvantage is that your code becomes platform-dependent, since different underlying libraries may expose different APIs on the response object. It also makes testing harder, as you need to mock the response object, among other things.`),cf(),Oa$1(1327,`p`),DT(1328,`In addition, this approach loses compatibility with Nest features that rely on standard response handling, such as interceptors and the `),Oa$1(1329,`code`),DT(1330,`@HttpCode()`),cf(),DT(1331,` / `),Oa$1(1332,`code`),DT(1333,`@Header()`),cf(),DT(1334,` decorators. To address this, enable the `),Oa$1(1335,`code`),DT(1336,`passthrough`),cf(),DT(1337,` option:`),cf(),Oa$1(1338,`app-copy-button`,28)(1339,`span`,29),Za$1(1340,`app-tabs`,null,19),cf(),Oa$1(1342,`pre`)(1343,`code`,30),DT(1344,` 581@Get() 582findAll(@Res({ passthrough: true }) res: Response) { 583 res.status(HttpStatus.OK); 584 return []; 585} 586`),cf()(),Oa$1(1345,`pre`)(1346,`code`,30),DT(1347,` 587@Get() 588@Bind(Res({ passthrough: true })) 589findAll(res) { 590 res.status(HttpStatus.OK); 591 return []; 592} 593`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1348,`p`),DT(1349,`This way, you can interact with the native response object (for example, to set cookies or headers based on specific conditions) while leaving the rest to the framework.`),cf()(),Oa$1(1350,`a`,69),Za$1(1351,`i`,70),Oa$1(1352,`span`),DT(1353,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()()),a&2){let l=QS(69),d=QS(211),m=QS(445),h=QS(793),u=QS(833),b=QS(870),S=QS(893),k=QS(926),C=QS(968),w=QS(985),P=QS(1026),F=QS(1040),J=QS(1093),V=QS(1152),Z=QS(1169),$=QS(1248),Ie=QS(1292),le=QS(1318),te=QS(1341);UC(66),hf(` `,OT(67,86,`cats.controller`,l.isJsActive),` 594`),UC(4),By(`hide`,l.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!l.isJsActive),UC(115),Wy(`@Res(`,`{`,` passthrough: true `,`}
594`,`)`),UC(20),hf(` `,OT(209,89,`cats.controller`,d.isJsActive),` 595`),UC(4),By(`hide`,d.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!d.isJsActive),UC(227),hf(` `,OT(443,92,`cats.controller`,m.isJsActive),` 596`),UC(4),By(`hide`,m.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!m.isJsActive),UC(82),hf(`abcd/`,`{`,`*splat}`),UC(14),hf(`ab`,`{`,`*splat}cd`),UC(249),By(`hide`,h.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!h.isJsActive),UC(37),By(`hide`,u.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!u.isJsActive),UC(34),By(`hide`,b.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!b.isJsActive),UC(16),hf(` `,OT(891,95,`admin.controller`,S.isJsActive),` 597`),UC(4),By(`hide`,S.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!S.isJsActive),UC(26),hf(` `,OT(924,98,`account.controller`,k.isJsActive),` 598`),UC(4),By(`hide`,k.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!k.isJsActive),UC(35),hf(` `,OT(966,101,`cats.controller`,C.isJsActive),` 599`),UC(4),By(`hide`,C.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!C.isJsActive),UC(10),hf(` `,OT(983,104,`cats.controller`,w.isJsActive),` 600`),UC(4),By(`hide`,w.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!w.isJsActive),UC(34),hf(` `,OT(1024,107,`create-cat.dto`,P.isJsActive),` 601`),UC(14),hf(` `,OT(1038,110,`cats.controller`,F.isJsActive),` 602`),UC(4),By(`hide`,F.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!F.isJsActive),UC(46),hf(` `,OT(1091,113,`cats.controller`,J.isJsActive),` 603`),UC(4),By(`hide`,J.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!J.isJsActive),UC(52),hf(` `,OT(1150,116,`main`,V.isJsActive),` 604`),UC(4),By(`hide`,V.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!V.isJsActive),UC(10),hf(` `,OT(1167,119,`main`,Z.isJsActive),` 605`),UC(4),By(`hide`,Z.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!Z.isJsActive),UC(72),hf(` `,OT(1246,122,`cats.controller`,$.isJsActive),` 606`),UC(4),By(`hide`,$.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!$.isJsActive),UC(37),hf(` `,OT(1290,125,`app.module`,Ie.isJsActive),` 607`),UC(30),By(`hide`,le.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!le.isJsActive),UC(20),By(`hide`,te.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!te.isJsActive)}},dependencies:[xt,tn$1,u,s,tu,g],encapsulation:2})}return o})();var Wr=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-custom-decorators`]],features:[My],decls:334,vars:32,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[`app06d8dd177acbf5022d48aef3c46180d78f8ac000`,``],[`app31418ad885cdc12645ed8e925b5996d5b71cbffe`,``],[`app168ccd2581e7b77f191288612af357d0841a5380`,``],[`app5287b177ba9dbc9bd1b6972766fd95529273eda8`,``],[`appb3cc6f0c0551e734a13be35eaa54c69be6ef93db`,``],[`appfbf0e0450a3a80c25aac8fca1826c02b2e44a014`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`custom-route-decorators`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://medium.com/google-developers/exploring-es7-decorators-76ecb65fb841`],[1,`external`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`param-decorators`],[1,`language-typescript`],[1,`with-heading`],[1,`filename`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`passing-data`],[`href`,`/security/authentication#read-the-current-user`],[1,`language-json`],[1,`info`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`working-with-pipes`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://standardschema.dev/`],[`href`,`/application/validation#validating-custom-decorators`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`decorator-composition`],[1,`warning`],[`href`,`https://github.com/nestjs/docs.nestjs.com/edit/master/content/custom-decorators.md`,`target`,`_blank`,`rel`,`noopener`,1,`github-links`],[`aria-hidden`,`true`,1,`ph`,`ph-pencil-simple-line`]],template:function(a,s){if(a&1&&(Oa$1(0,`div`,7,0)(2,`div`,8)(3,`h3`,9),DT(4,`Custom route decorators`),cf(),Oa$1(5,`p`),DT(6,`Nest is built around a language feature called `),Oa$1(7,`strong`),DT(8,`decorators`),cf(),DT(9,`. Decorators are well established in many programming languages but are still relatively new to JavaScript. For a deeper look at how decorators work, see `),Oa$1(10,`a`,10),DT(11,`this article`),cf(),DT(12,`. Here's a simple definition:`),cf(),Oa$1(13,`blockquote`,11),DT(14,` An ES2016 decorator is an expression which returns a function and can take a target, name and property descriptor as arguments. You apply it by prefixing the decorator with an `),Oa$1(15,`code`),DT(16,`@`),cf(),DT(17,` character and placing this at the very top of what you are trying to decorate. Decorators can be defined for either a class, a method or a property. 608`),cf(),Oa$1(18,`h4`,12)(19,`span`),DT(20,`Param decorators`),cf()(),Oa$1(21,`p`),DT(22,`Nest provides a set of `),Oa$1(23,`strong`),DT(24,`param decorators`),cf(),DT(25,` that you can use in HTTP route handlers. The following table lists them along with the plain Express (or Fastify) objects they represent:`),cf(),Oa$1(26,`table`)(27,`tbody`)(28,`tr`)(29,`td`)(30,`code`),DT(31,`@Request
608(), @Req()`),cf()(),Oa$1(32,`td`)(33,`code`),DT(34,`req`),cf()()(),Oa$1(35,`tr`)(36,`td`)(37,`code`),DT(38,`@Response(), @Res()`),cf()(),Oa$1(39,`td`)(40,`code`),DT(41,`res`),cf()()(),Oa$1(42,`tr`)(43,`td`)(44,`code`),DT(45,`@Next()`),cf()(),Oa$1(46,`td`)(47,`code`),DT(48,`next`),cf()()(),Oa$1(49,`tr`)(50,`td`)(51,`code`),DT(52,`@Session()`),cf()(),Oa$1(53,`td`)(54,`code`),DT(55,`req.session`),cf()()(),Oa$1(56,`tr`)(57,`td`)(58,`code`),DT(59,`@Param(param?: string)`),cf()(),Oa$1(60,`td`)(61,`code`),DT(62,`req.params`),cf(),DT(63,` / `),Oa$1(64,`code`),DT(65,`req.params[param]`),cf()()(),Oa$1(66,`tr`)(67,`td`)(68,`code`),DT(69,`@Body(param?: string)`),cf()(),Oa$1(70,`td`)(71,`code`),DT(72,`req.body`),cf(),DT(73,` / `),Oa$1(74,`code`),DT(75,`req.body[param]`),cf()()(),Oa$1(76,`tr`)(77,`td`)(78,`code`),DT(79,`@Query(param?: string)`),cf()(),Oa$1(80,`td`)(81,`code`),DT(82,`req.query`),cf(),DT(83,` / `),Oa$1(84,`code`),DT(85,`req.query[param]`),cf()()(),Oa$1(86,`tr`)(87,`td`)(88,`code`),DT(89,`@Headers(param?: string)`),cf()(),Oa$1(90,`td`)(91,`code`),DT(92,`req.headers`),cf(),DT(93,` / `),Oa$1(94,`code`),DT(95,`req.headers[param]`),cf()()(),Oa$1(96,`tr`)(97,`td`)(98,`code`),DT(99,`@Ip()`),cf()(),Oa$1(100,`td`)(101,`code`),DT(102,`req.ip`),cf()()(),Oa$1(103,`tr`)(104,`td`)(105,`code`),DT(106,`@HostParam(param?: string)`),cf()(),Oa$1(107,`td`)(108,`code`),DT(109,`req.hosts`),cf(),DT(110,` / `),Oa$1(111,`code`),DT(112,`req.hosts[param]`),cf()()()()(),Oa$1(113,`p`),DT(114,`You can also create your own `),Oa$1(115,`strong`),DT(116,`custom decorators`),cf(),DT(117,`. To see why this is useful, consider a common pattern in Node.js applications: properties are attached to the `),Oa$1(118,`strong`),DT(119,`request`),cf(),DT(120,` object and then extracted manually in each route handler, with code like the following:`),cf(),Oa$1(121,`app-copy-button`)(122,`pre`)(123,`code`,13),DT(124,` 609const user = req.user; 610`),cf()()(),Oa$1(125,`p`),DT(126,`To make your code more readable and transparent, you can create a `),Oa$1(127,`code`),DT(128,`@User()`),cf(),DT(129,` decorator and reuse it across all of your controllers:`),cf(),Oa$1(130,`app-copy-button`,14)(131,`span`,15),DT(132),AT(133,`extension`),Za$1(134,`app-tabs`,null,1),cf(),Oa$1(136,`pre`)(137,`code`,13),DT(138,` 611import { createParamDecorator, ExecutionContext } from '@nestjs/common'; 612 613export const User = createParamDecorator( 614 (data: unknown, ctx: ExecutionContext) => { 615 const request = ctx.switchToHttp().getRequest(); 616 return request.user; 617 }, 618); 619`),cf()()(),Oa$1(139,`p`),DT(140,`You can then use it wherever you need it:`),cf(),Oa$1(141,`app-copy-button`,14)(142,`span`,15),Za$1(143,`app-tabs`,null,2),cf(),Oa$1(145,`pre`)(146,`code`,13),DT(147,` 620@Get() 621async findOne(@User() user: UserEntity) { 622 console.log(user); 623} 624`),cf()(),Oa$1(148,`pre`)(149,`code`,13),DT(150,` 625@Get() 626@Bind(User()) 627async findOne(user) { 628 console.log(user); 629} 630`),cf()()(),Oa$1(151,`h4`,16)(152,`span`),DT(153,`Passing data`),cf()(),Oa$1(154,`p`),DT(155,`When the behavior of your decorator depends on some condition, use the `),Oa$1(156,`code`),DT(157,`data`),cf(),DT(158,` parameter to pass an argument to the decorator's factory function. One use case is a custom decorator that extracts a property from the request object by key. Suppose, for example, that your `),Oa$1(159,`a`,17),DT(160,`authentication layer`),cf(),DT(161,` validates requests and attaches a user entity to the request object. The user entity for an authenticated request might look like this:`),cf(),Oa$1(162,`pre`)(163,`code`,18),DT(164,` 631{ 632 "id": 101, 633 "firstName": "Alan", 634 "lastName": "Turing", 635 "email": "[email protected]", 636 "roles": ["admin"] 637} 638`),cf()(),Oa$1(165,`p`),DT(166,`Let's define a decorator that takes a property name as a key and returns the associated value if it exists (or `),Oa$1(167,`code`),DT(168,`undefined`),cf(),DT(169,` if it doesn't, or if the `),Oa$1(170,`code`),DT(171,`user`),cf(),DT(172,` object has not been created):`),cf(),Oa$1(173,`app-copy-button`,14)(174,`span`,15),DT(175),AT(176,`extension`),Za$1(177,`app-tabs`,null,3),cf(),Oa$1(179,`pre`)(180,`code`,13),DT(181,` 639import { createParamDecorator, ExecutionContext } from '@nestjs/common'; 640 641export const User = createParamDecorator( 642 (data: string, ctx: ExecutionContext) => {
643 const request = ctx.switchToHttp().getRequest(); 644 const user = request.user; 645 646 return data ? user?.[data] : user; 647 }, 648); 649`),cf()(),Oa$1(182,`pre`)(183,`code`,13),DT(184,` 650import { createParamDecorator } from '@nestjs/common'; 651 652export const User = createParamDecorator((data, ctx) => { 653 const request = ctx.switchToHttp().getRequest(); 654 const user = request.user; 655 656 return data ? user && user[data] : user; 657}); 658`),cf()()(),Oa$1(185,`p`),DT(186,`You can then access a particular property through the `),Oa$1(187,`code`),DT(188,`@User()`),cf(),DT(189,` decorator in the controller:`),cf(),Oa$1(190,`app-copy-button`,14)(191,`span`,15),Za$1(192,`app-tabs`,null,4),cf(),Oa$1(194,`pre`)(195,`code`,13),DT(196,` 659@Get() 660async findOne(@User('firstName') firstName: string) { 661 console.log(\`Hello \${firstName}\`); 662} 663`),cf()(),Oa$1(197,`pre`)(198,`code`,13),DT(199,` 664@Get() 665@Bind(User('firstName')) 666async findOne(firstName) { 667 console.log(\`Hello \${firstName}\`); 668} 669`),cf()()(),Oa$1(200,`p`),DT(201,`You can use the same decorator with different keys to access different properties. If the `),Oa$1(202,`code`),DT(203,`user`),cf(),DT(204,` object is deep or complex, this keeps route handler implementations simpler and more readable.`),cf(),Oa$1(205,`blockquote`,19)(206,`strong`),DT(207,`Hint`),cf(),Oa$1(208,`code`),DT(209,`createParamDecorator<T>()`),cf(),DT(210,` is generic, so you can enforce type safety explicitly, e.g., `),Oa$1(211,`code`),DT(212,`createParamDecorator<string>((data, ctx) => ...)`),cf(),DT(213,`. Alternatively, specify a parameter type in the factory function, e.g., `),Oa$1(214,`code`),DT(215,`createParamDecorator((data: string, ctx) => ...)`),cf(),DT(216,`. If you omit both, `),Oa$1(217,`code`),DT(218,`data`),cf(),DT(219,` is typed as `),Oa$1(220,`code`),DT(221,`any`),cf(),DT(222,`. 670`),cf(),Oa$1(223,`h4`,20)(224,`span`),DT(225,`Working with pipes`),cf()(),Oa$1(226,`p`),DT(227,`Nest treats custom param decorators the same way as the built-in ones (`),Oa$1(228,`code`),DT(229,`@Body()`),cf(),DT(230,`, `),Oa$1(231,`code`),DT(232,`@Param()`),cf(),DT(233,`, and `),Oa$1(234,`code`),DT(235,`@Query()`),cf(),DT(236,`). This means pipes also run for parameters annotated with custom decorators (in our examples, the `),Oa$1(237,`code`),DT(238,`user`),cf(),DT(239,` argument). You can also apply a pipe directly to the custom decorator:`),cf(),Oa$1(240,`app-copy-button`,14)(241,`span`,15),Za$1(242,`app-tabs`,null,5),cf(),Oa$1(244,`pre`)(245,`code`,13),DT(246,` 671@Get() 672async findOne( 673 @User(new ValidationPipe({ validateCustomDecorators: true })) 674 user: UserEntity, 675) { 676 console.log(user); 677} 678`),cf()(),Oa$1(247,`pre`)(248,`code`,13),DT(249,` 679@Get() 680@Bind(User(new ValidationPipe({ validateCustomDecorators: true }))) 681async findOne(user) { 682 console.log(user); 683} 684`),cf()()(),Oa$1(250,`blockquote`,19)(251,`strong`),DT(252,`Hint`),cf(),DT(253,` By default, `),Oa$1(254,`code`),DT(255,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(256,` does not validate arguments annotated with custom decorators. That's why the example above sets the `),Oa$1(257,`code`),DT(258,`validateCustomDecorators`),cf(),DT(259,` option to `),Oa$1(260,`code`),DT(2
68461,`true`),cf(),DT(262,`. 685`),cf(),Oa$1(263,`p`),DT(264,`Custom decorators also accept the `),Oa$1(265,`code`),DT(266,`schema`),cf(),DT(267,` option of the built-in parameter decorators. Pass a `),Oa$1(268,`a`,21),DT(269,`Standard Schema`),cf(),DT(270,` compatible schema, such as a Zod schema, and a `),Oa$1(271,`code`),DT(272,`StandardSchemaValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(273,` with the `),Oa$1(274,`code`),DT(275,`validateCustomDecorators`),cf(),DT(276,` option enabled validates the decorator's value against it:`),cf(),Oa$1(277,`app-copy-button`)(278,`pre`)(279,`code`,13),DT(280,` 686@Get() 687async findOne(@User('email', { schema: z.email() }) email: string) { 688 console.log(email); 689} 690`),cf()()(),Oa$1(281,`p`),DT(282,`See `),Oa$1(283,`a`,22),DT(284,`Validating custom decorators`),cf(),DT(285,` for details.`),cf(),Oa$1(286,`h4`,23)(287,`span`),DT(288,`Decorator composition`),cf()(),Oa$1(289,`p`),DT(290,`Nest provides the `),Oa$1(291,`code`),DT(292,`applyDecorators()`),cf(),DT(293,` helper to compose multiple decorators. 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710 ApiBearerAuth(), 711 ApiUnauthorizedResponse({ description: 'Unauthorized' }), 712 ); 713} 714`),cf()()(),Oa$1(306,`p`),DT(307,`You can then use this custom `),Oa$1(308,`code`),DT(309,`@Auth()`),cf(),DT(310,` decorator as follows:`),cf(),Oa$1(311,`app-copy-button`)(312,`pre`)(313,`code`,13),DT(314,` 715@Get('users') 716@Auth('admin') 717findAllUsers() {} 718`),cf()()(),Oa$1(315,`p`),DT(316,`This applies all four decorators with a single declaration.`),cf(),Oa$1(317,`blockquote`,24)(318,`strong`),DT(319,`Warning`),cf(),DT(320,` The `),Oa$1(321,`code`),DT(322,`@ApiHideProperty()`),cf(),DT(323,` decorator from the `),Oa$1(324,`code`),DT(325,`@nestjs/swagger`),cf(),DT(326,` package is not composable and does not work correctly with the `),Oa$1(327,`code`),DT(328,`applyDecorators()`),cf(),DT(329,` function. 719`),cf()(),Oa$1(330,`a`,25),Za$1(331,`i`,26),Oa$1(332,`span`),DT(333,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()()),a&2){let l=QS(135),d=QS(144),m=QS(178),h=QS(193),u=QS(243),b=QS(299);UC(132),hf(` 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When an exception is `),Oa$1(20,`strong`),DT(21,`unrecognized`),cf(),DT(22,` (it is neither an `),Oa$1(23,`code`),DT(24,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(25,` nor a class that inherits from `),Oa$1(26,`code`),DT(27,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(28,`), the built-in exception filter generates the following default JSON response:`),cf(),Oa$1(29,`pre`)(30,`code`,16),DT(31,` 726{ 727 "statusCode": 500, 728 "message": "Internal server error" 729} 730`),cf()(),Oa$1(32,`blockquote`,17)(33,`strong`),DT(34,`Hint`),cf(),DT(35,` The global exception filter partially supports the `),Oa$1(36,`code`),DT(37,`http-errors`),cf(),DT(38,` library. A thrown error that carries `),Oa$1(39,`code`),DT(40,`statusCode`),cf(),DT(41,` and `),Oa$1(42,`code`),DT(43,`message`),cf(),DT(44,` properties in the shape that library produces is sent back with those values, instead of the default `),Oa$1(45,`code`),DT(46,`InternalServerErrorException`),cf(),DT(47,` response for unrecognized exceptions. 731`),cf(),Oa$1(48,`h4`,18)(49,`span`),DT(50,`Throwing standard exceptions`),cf()(),Oa$1(51,`p`),DT(52,`Nest provides a built-in `),Oa$1(53,`code`),DT(54,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(55,` class, exposed from the `),Oa$1(56,`code`),DT(57,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(58,` package. For typical HTTP-based REST and GraphQL APIs, it's best practice to send standard HTTP response objects when certain error conditions occur.`),cf(),Oa$1(59,`p`),DT(60,`For example, the `),Oa$1(61,`code`),DT(62,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(63,` has a `),Oa$1(64,`code`),DT(65,`findAll(
731)`),cf(),DT(66,` method (a `),Oa$1(67,`code`),DT(68,`GET`),cf(),DT(69,` route handler). Let's assume that this route handler throws an exception. To demonstrate this, we'll hard-code it as follows:`),cf(),Oa$1(70,`app-copy-button`,19)(71,`span`,20),DT(72),AT(73,`extension`),Za$1(74,`app-tabs`,null,1),cf(),Oa$1(76,`pre`)(77,`code`,21),DT(78,` 732@Get() 733async findAll() { 734 throw new HttpException('Forbidden', HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN); 735} 736`),cf()()(),Oa$1(79,`blockquote`,17)(80,`strong`),DT(81,`Hint`),cf(),Oa$1(82,`code`),DT(83,`HttpStatus`),cf(),DT(84,` is a helper enum imported from the `),Oa$1(85,`code`),DT(86,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(87,` package. 737`),cf(),Oa$1(88,`p`),DT(89,`When the client calls this endpoint, the response looks like this:`),cf(),Oa$1(90,`pre`)(91,`code`,16),DT(92,` 738{ 739 "statusCode": 403, 740 "message": "Forbidden" 741} 742`),cf()(),Oa$1(93,`p`),DT(94,`The `),Oa$1(95,`code`),DT(96,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(97,` constructor takes two required arguments that determine the response:`),cf(),Oa$1(98,`ul`)(99,`li`),DT(100,`The `),Oa$1(101,`code`),DT(102,`response`),cf(),DT(103,` argument defines the JSON response body. It can be a `),Oa$1(104,`code`),DT(105,`string`),cf(),DT(106,` or an `),Oa$1(107,`code`),DT(108,`object`),cf(),DT(109,`, as described below.`),cf(),Oa$1(110,`li`),DT(111,`The `),Oa$1(112,`code`),DT(113,`status`),cf(),DT(114,` argument defines the `),Oa$1(115,`a`,22),DT(116,`HTTP status code`),cf(),DT(117,`.`),cf()(),Oa$1(118,`p`),DT(119,`By default, the JSON response body contains two properties:`),cf(),Oa$1(120,`ul`)(121,`li`)(122,`code`),DT(123,`statusCode`),cf(),DT(124,`: defaults to the HTTP status code provided in the `),Oa$1(125,`code`),DT(126,`status`),cf(),DT(127,` argument`),cf(),Oa$1(128,`li`)(129,`code`),DT(130,`message`),cf(),DT(131,`: a short description of the HTTP error based on the `),Oa$1(132,`code`),DT(133,`status`),cf()()(),Oa$1(134,`p`),DT(135,`To override only the message portion of the JSON response body, supply a string in the `),Oa$1(136,`code`),DT(137,`response`),cf(),DT(138,` argument. To override the entire JSON response body, pass an object in the `),Oa$1(139,`code`),DT(140,`response`),cf(),DT(141,` argument. Nest serializes the object and returns it as the JSON response body.`),cf(),Oa$1(142,`p`),DT(143,`The second constructor argument, `),Oa$1(144,`code`),DT(145,`status`),cf(),DT(146,`, should be a valid HTTP status code. Best practice is to use the `),Oa$1(147,`code`),DT(148,`HttpStatus`),cf(),DT(149,` enum imported from `),Oa$1(150,`code`),DT(151,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(152,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(153,`p`),DT(154,`An optional `),Oa$1(155,`strong`),DT(156,`third`),cf(),DT(157,` constructor argument, `),Oa$1(158,`code`),DT(159,`options`),cf(),DT(160,`, can be used to provide an error `),Oa$1(161,`a`,23),DT(162,`cause`),cf(),DT(163,`. The `),Oa$1(164,`code`),DT(165,`cause`),cf(),DT(166,` object is not serialized into the response object, but it is useful for logging, as it provides information about the inner error that caused the `),Oa$1(167,`code`),DT(168,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(169,` to be thrown.`),cf(),Oa$1(170,`p`),DT(171,`Here's an example that overrides the entire response body and provides an error cause:`),cf(),Oa$1(172,`app-copy-button`,19)(173,`span`,20),DT(174),AT(175,`extension`),Za$1(176,`app-tabs`,null,2),cf(),Oa$1(178,`pre`)(179,`code`,21),DT(180,` 743@Get() 744async findAll() { 745 try {
746 await this.service.findAll(); 747 } catch (error) { 748 throw new HttpException({ 749 status: HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, 750 error: 'This is a custom message', 751 }, HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, { 752 cause: error 753 }); 754 } 755} 756`),cf()()(),Oa$1(181,`p`),DT(182,`The response then looks like this:`),cf(),Oa$1(183,`pre`)(184,`code`,16),DT(185,` 757{ 758 "status": 403, 759 "error": "This is a custom message" 760} 761`),cf()(),Oa$1(186,`h4`,24)(187,`span`),DT(188,`Exceptions logging`),cf()(),Oa$1(189,`p`),DT(190,`By default, the exception filter does not log built-in exceptions such as `),Oa$1(191,`code`),DT(192,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(193,` (and any exceptions that inherit from it). These exceptions are treated as part of the normal application flow, so they don't appear in the console. The same applies to `),Oa$1(194,`code`),DT(195,`WsException`),cf(),DT(196,` and `),Oa$1(197,`code`),DT(198,`RpcException`),cf(),DT(199,` in their respective contexts.`),cf(),Oa$1(200,`p`)(201,`code`),DT(202,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(203,` inherits from the `),Oa$1(204,`code`),DT(205,`IntrinsicException`),cf(),DT(206,` class, which is exported from the `),Oa$1(207,`code`),DT(208,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(209,` package. The built-in exception filters never log instances of `),Oa$1(210,`code`),DT(211,`IntrinsicException`),cf(),DT(212,`, which is how they distinguish exceptions that are part of normal operation from those that are not.`),cf(),Oa$1(213,`p`),DT(214,`To log these exceptions, create a custom exception filter, as described in the `),Oa$1(215,`a`,25),DT(216,`Exception filters`),cf(),DT(217,` section below.`),cf(),Oa$1(218,`h4`,26)(219,`span`),DT(220,`Tracking errors in production`),cf()(),Oa$1(221,`p`),DT(222,`An exception filter decides what the `),Oa$1(223,`em`),DT(224,`client`),cf(),DT(225,` sees. On its own, it does not tell you that a `),Oa$1(226,`code`),DT(227,`TypeError`),cf(),DT(228,` started firing in `),Oa$1(229,`code`),DT(230,`OrdersService`),cf(),DT(231,` twelve minutes ago, on 4% of checkouts, only for customers whose cart contains a discounted item. Nor does it tell you which line threw.`),cf(),Oa$1(232,`p`),DT(233,`The usual approach is to log the stack trace and search for it later, which falls short: a stack trace in a log file points at compiled output (`),Oa$1(234,`code`),DT(235,`/var/app/current/dist/orders/orders.service.js:35`),cf(),DT(236,`), carries no source context, and does not tell you whether this is the first occurrence or the ten-thousandth.`),cf(),Oa$1(237,`p`)(238,`a`,27),DT(239,`NestJS Observe`),cf(),DT(240,` treats an unhandled error as a first-class object rather than a log line. Every error that reaches the exceptions layer is captured along with the request that caused it, and:`),cf(),Oa$1(241,`ul`)(242,`li`)(243,`strong`),DT(244,`The stack trace comes with source code.`),cf(),DT(245,` The frame is resolved through your source maps back to `),Oa$1(246,`code`),DT(247,`src/orders/orders.service.ts:35`),cf(),DT(248,`, and the surrounding lines are shown inline, so you can read the failing code in the error card without cloning anything.`),cf(),Oa$1(249,`li`)(250,`strong`),DT(251,`Occurrences are grouped into defects.`),cf(),DT(252,` Errors with the same class and stack shape collapse into one fingerprinted group with a count, first-seen and last-seen timestamps, and the release that introduced it. "New since v2.4.1" is a fact you read off the page rather than infer.`),cf(),Oa$1(253,`li`)(254,`strong`),DT(255,`The failure keeps its context.`),cf(),DT(256,` The trace it belonged to, the user who hit it, the logs written during that request, and the spans that ran before the throw are all attached, so you can see what the request was doing when it failed.`),cf()(),Oa$1(257,`figure`),Za$1(258,`img`,28),cf(),Oa$1(259,`p`),DT(260,`Because the error already carries its own code, you can hand it to a coding agent in one click: `),Oa$1(261,`strong`),DT(262,`Copy agent prompt`),cf(),DT(263,` packages the error, the trimmed stack trace with source lines, the slow spans, and the surrounding logs into a self-contained prompt for Claude Code, Cursor, or any other tool that has y
761our repository open.`),cf(),Oa$1(264,`p`),DT(265,`This complements the filters described in this chapter rather than replacing them: filters shape the response, while instrumentation records what happened on the way there. See `),Oa$1(266,`a`,29),DT(267,`Error monitoring`),cf(),DT(268,` for everything the SDK captures about a failure, the `),Oa$1(269,`a`,30),DT(270,`Observability`),cf(),DT(271,` chapter for setup, and `),Oa$1(272,`a`,31),DT(273,`Dashboard`),cf(),DT(274,` for turning a recurring error into a tracked issue that verifies its own fix.`),cf(),Oa$1(275,`h4`,32)(276,`span`),DT(277,`Custom exceptions`),cf()(),Oa$1(278,`p`),DT(279,`In most cases, you won't need to write custom exceptions and can use the built-in Nest HTTP exceptions described in the next section. If you do need custom exceptions, it's good practice to create your own `),Oa$1(280,`strong`),DT(281,`exception hierarchy`),cf(),DT(282,`, in which your custom exceptions inherit from the base `),Oa$1(283,`code`),DT(284,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(285,` class. Nest then recognizes your exceptions and automatically takes care of the error responses. Let's implement such a custom exception:`),cf(),Oa$1(286,`app-copy-button`,19)(287,`span`,20),DT(288),AT(289,`extension`),Za$1(290,`app-tabs`,null,3),cf(),Oa$1(292,`pre`)(293,`code`,21),DT(294,` 762export class ForbiddenException extends HttpException { 763 constructor() { 764 super('Forbidden', HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN); 765 } 766} 767`),cf()()(),Oa$1(295,`p`),DT(296,`Since `),Oa$1(297,`code`),DT(298,`ForbiddenException`),cf(),DT(299,` extends the base `),Oa$1(300,`code`),DT(301,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(302,`, it works with the built-in exception handler, so we can use it inside the `),Oa$1(303,`code`),DT(304,`findAll()`),cf(),DT(305,` method.`),cf(),Oa$1(306,`app-copy-button`,19)(307,`span`,20),DT(308),AT(309,`extension`),Za$1(310,`app-tabs`,null,4),cf(),Oa$1(312,`pre`)(313,`code`,21),DT(314,` 768@Get() 769async findAll() { 770 throw new ForbiddenException(); 771} 772`),cf()()(),Oa$1(315,`h4`,33)(316,`span`),DT(317,`Built-in HTTP exceptions`),cf()(),Oa$1(318,`p`),DT(319,`Nest provides a set of standard exceptions that inherit from the base `),Oa$1(320,`code`),DT(321,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(322,`. They are exposed from the `),Oa$1(323,`code`),DT(324,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(325,` package and represent many of the most common HTTP exceptions:`),cf(),Oa$1(326,`ul`)(327,`li`)(328,`code`),DT(329,`BadRequestException`),cf()(),Oa$1(330,`li`)(331,`code`),DT(332,`UnauthorizedException`),cf()(),Oa$1(333,`li`)(334,`code`),DT(335,`NotFoundException`),cf()(),Oa$1(336,`li`)(337,`code`),DT(338,`ForbiddenException`),cf()(),Oa$1(339,`li`)(340,`code`),DT(341,`NotAcceptableException`),cf()(),Oa$1(342,`li`)(343,`code`),DT(344,`RequestTimeoutException`),cf()(),Oa$1(345,`li`)(346,`code`),DT(347,`ConflictException`),cf()(),Oa$1(348,`li`)(349,`code`),DT(350,`GoneException`),cf()(),Oa$1(351,`li`)(352,`code`),DT(353,`HttpVersionNotSupportedException`),cf()(),Oa$1(354,`li`)(355,`code`),DT(356,`PayloadTooLargeException`),cf()(),Oa$1(357,`li`)(358,`code`),DT(359,`UnsupportedMediaTypeException`),cf()(),Oa$1(360,`li`)(361,`code`),DT(362,`UnprocessableEntityException`),cf()(),Oa$1(363,`li`)(364,`code`),DT(365,`InternalServerErrorException`),cf()(),Oa$1(366,`li`)(367,`code`),DT(368,`NotImplementedException`),cf()(),Oa$1(369,`li`)(370,`code`),DT(371,`ImATeapotException`),cf()(),Oa$1(372,`li`)(373,`code`),DT(374,`MethodNotAllowedException`),cf()(),Oa$1(375,`li`)(376,`code`),DT(377,`MisdirectedException`),cf()(),Oa$1(378,`li`)(379,`code`),DT(380,`BadGatewayException`),cf()(),Oa$1(381,`li`)(382,`code`),DT(383,`ServiceUnavailableException`),cf()(),Oa$1(384,`li`)(385,`code`),DT(386,`GatewayTimeoutException`),cf()(),Oa$1(387,`li`)(388,`code`),DT(389,`PreconditionFailedException`),cf()()(),Oa$1(390,`p`),DT(391,`All the built-in exceptions can also provide an error `),Oa$1(392,`code`),DT(393,`cause`),cf(),DT(394,` and an error description through the `),Oa$1(395,`code`),DT(396,`options`),cf(),DT(397,` parameter:`),cf(),Oa$1(398,`app-copy-button`)(399,`pre`)(400,`code`,21),DT(401,` 773throw new BadRequestException('Something bad happened', { 774 cause: new Error(), 775 description: 'Some error description', 776}); 777`),cf()()(),Oa$1(402,`p`),DT(403,`The response then looks like this:`),cf(),Oa$1(404,`pre`)(405,`code`,16),DT(406,` 778{ 779 "message": "Something bad happened", 780 "error": "Some error description", 781 "statusCode": 400 782} 783`),cf()(),Oa$1(407,`h4`,34)(408,`span`),DT(409,`Machine-readable error codes`),cf()(),Oa$1(410,`p`),DT(411,`The `),Oa$1(4
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78312,`code`),DT(413,`status`),cf(),DT(414,` and `),Oa$1(415,`code`),DT(416,`message`),cf(),DT(417,` of an exception describe an error well enough for humans, but they are awkward for clients to branch on. Several distinct failures, such as an invalid email and a weak password, can all surface as `),Oa$1(418,`code`),DT(419,`400 Bad Request`),cf(),DT(420,`, which forces the client to parse the human-readable message string to tell them apart.`),cf(),Oa$1(421,`p`),DT(422,`To avoid that, pass an `),Oa$1(423,`code`),DT(424,`errorCode`),cf(),DT(425,` through the `),Oa$1(426,`code`),DT(427,`options`),cf(),DT(428,` parameter. It is a stable, machine-readable identifier that is serialized into the response body:`),cf(),Oa$1(429,`app-copy-button`)(430,`pre`)(431,`code`,21),DT(432,` 784throw new BadRequestException('Password is too weak', { 785 errorCode: 'WEAK_PASSWORD', 786}); 787`),cf()()(),Oa$1(433,`p`),DT(434,`The response then carries the code alongside the usual fields:`),cf(),Oa$1(435,`pre`)(436,`code`,16),DT(437,` 788{ 789 "message": "Password is too weak", 790 "errorCode": "WEAK_PASSWORD", 791 "statusCode": 400 792} 793`),cf()(),Oa$1(438,`p`)(439,`code`),DT(440,`errorCode`),cf(),DT(441,` is optional and can be combined with `),Oa$1(442,`code`),DT(443,`cause`),cf(),DT(444,` and `),Oa$1(445,`code`),DT(446,`description`),cf(),DT(447,`. It is also available on `),Oa$1(448,`code`),DT(449,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(450,` itself, so custom exceptions can set it too:`),cf(),Oa$1(451,`app-copy-button`)(452,`pre`)(453,`code`,21),DT(454,` 794throw new HttpException( 795 'Forbidden', 796 HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, 797 { errorCode: 'ACCOUNT_SUSPENDED' }, 798); 799`),cf()()(),Oa$1(455,`blockquote`,17)(456,`strong`),DT(457,`Hint`),cf(),DT(458,` Unlike `),Oa$1(459,`code`),DT(460,`cause`),cf(),DT(461,`, which is intended for logging and is never serialized, `),Oa$1(462,`code`),DT(463,`errorCode`),cf(),DT(464,` is part of the response body and is meant to be consumed by clients. 800`),cf(),Oa$1(465,`h4`,35)(466,`span`),DT(467,`Exception filters`),cf()(),Oa$1(468,`p`),DT(469,`The built-in exception filter handles many cases automatically, but you may want `),Oa$1(470,`strong`),DT(471,`full control`),cf(),DT(472,` over the exceptions layer, e.g., to add logging or to use a different JSON schema based on dynamic factors. `),Oa$1(473,`strong`),DT(474,`Exception filters`),cf(),DT(475,` are designed for exactly this purpose. They let you control the exact flow of execution and the content of the response sent back to the client.`),cf(),Oa$1(476,`p`),DT(477,`Let's create an exception filter that catches exceptions that are instances of the `),Oa$1(478,`code`),DT(479,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(480,` class and implements custom response logic for them. To do this, we need access to the underlying platform `),Oa$1(481,`code`),DT(482,`Request`),cf(),DT(483,` and `),Oa$1(484,`code`),DT(485,`Response`),cf(),DT(486,` objects. We'll use the `),Oa$1(487,`code`),DT(488,`Request`),cf(),DT(489,` object to extract the original `),Oa$1(490,`code`),DT(491,`url`),cf(),DT(492,` and include it in the response, and the `),Oa$1(493,`code`),DT(494,`Response`),cf(),DT(495,` object to take direct control of the response that is sent, using the `),Oa$1(496,`code`),DT(497,`response.json()`),cf(),DT(498,` method.`),cf(),Oa$1(499,`app-copy-button`,19)(500,`span`,20),DT(501),AT(502,`extension`),Za$1(503,`app-tabs`,null,5),cf(),Oa$1(505,`pre`)(506,`code`,21),DT(507,` 801import { ExceptionFilter, Catch, ArgumentsHost, HttpException } from '@nestjs/common'; 802import { Request, Response } from 'express'; 803 804@Catch(HttpException) 805export class HttpExceptionFilter implements ExceptionFilter { 806 catch(exception: HttpException, host: ArgumentsHost) { 807 const ctx = host.switchToHttp(); 808 const response = ctx.getResponse<Response>(); 809 const request = ctx.getRequest<Request>(); 810 const status = exception.getStatus(); 811 812 response 813 .status(status) 814 .json({ 815 statusCode: status, 816 timestamp: new Date().toISOString(), 817 path: request.url, 818 }); 819 } 820} 821`),cf()(),Oa$1(508,`pre`)(509,`code`,21),DT(510,` 822import { Catch, HttpException } from '@nestjs/common'; 823
824@Catch(HttpException) 825export class HttpExceptionFilter { 826 catch(exception, host) { 827 const ctx = host.switchToHttp(); 828 const response = ctx.getResponse(); 829 const request = ctx.getRequest(); 830 const status = exception.getStatus(); 831 832 response 833 .status(status) 834 .json({ 835 statusCode: status, 836 timestamp: new Date().toISOString(), 837 path: request.url, 838 }); 839 } 840} 841`),cf()()(),Oa$1(511,`blockquote`,17)(512,`strong`),DT(513,`Hint`),cf(),DT(514,` All exception filters should implement the generic `),Oa$1(515,`code`),DT(516,`ExceptionFilter<T>`),cf(),DT(517,` interface. This requires you to provide the `),Oa$1(518,`code`),DT(519,`catch(exception: T, host: ArgumentsHost)`),cf(),DT(520,` method with its indicated signature. `),Oa$1(521,`code`),DT(522,`T`),cf(),DT(523,` indicates the type of the exception. 842`),cf(),Oa$1(524,`blockquote`,36)(525,`strong`),DT(526,`Warning`),cf(),DT(527,` If you are using `),Oa$1(528,`code`),DT(529,`@nestjs/platform-fastify`),cf(),DT(530,`, use `),Oa$1(531,`code`),DT(532,`response.send()`),cf(),DT(533,` instead of `),Oa$1(534,`code`),DT(535,`response.json()`),cf(),DT(536,`, and import the corresponding types from `),Oa$1(537,`code`),DT(538,`fastify`),cf(),DT(539,`. 843`),cf(),Oa$1(540,`p`),DT(541,`The `),Oa$1(542,`code`),DT(543,`@Catch(HttpException)`),cf(),DT(544,` decorator binds the required metadata to the exception filter, telling Nest that this particular filter is looking for exceptions of type `),Oa$1(545,`code`),DT(546,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(547,` and nothing else. The `),Oa$1(548,`code`),DT(549,`@Catch()`),cf(),DT(550,` decorator accepts a single parameter or a comma-separated list, which lets you set up the filter for several types of exceptions at once.`),cf(),Oa$1(551,`h4`,37)(552,`span`),DT(553,`Arguments host`),cf()(),Oa$1(554,`p`),DT(555,`Let's look at the parameters of the `),Oa$1(556,`code`),DT(557,`catch()`),cf(),DT(558,` method. The `),Oa$1(559,`code`),DT(560,`exception`),cf(),DT(561,` parameter is the exception object currently being processed. The `),Oa$1(562,`code`),DT(563,`host`),cf(),DT(564,` parameter is an `),Oa$1(565,`code`),DT(566,`ArgumentsHost`),cf(),DT(567,` object, a utility that gives you access to the arguments passed to the original handler, whatever context it was invoked in. In the code sample above, we use its helper methods to obtain the `),Oa$1(568,`code`),DT(569,`Request`),cf(),DT(570,` and `),Oa$1(571,`code`),DT(572,`Response`),cf(),DT(573,` objects of the request in which the exception originated. `),Oa$1(574,`code`),DT(575,`ArgumentsHost`),cf(),DT(576,` is covered in full in the `),Oa$1(577,`a`,38),DT(578,`execution context chapter`),cf(),DT(579,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(580,`p`),DT(581,`The reason for this level of abstraction is that `),Oa$1(582,`code`),DT(583,`ArgumentsHost`),cf(),DT(584,` works in every context: the HTTP server context used here, but also microservices and WebSockets. The execution context chapter shows how to reach the `),Oa$1(585,`a`,39),DT(586,`underlying arguments`),cf(),DT(587,` for `),Oa$1(588,`strong`),DT(589,`any`),cf(),DT(590,` context through the same object, which lets you write a single exception filter that operates across all of them.`),cf(),Oa$1(591,`p`),Za$1(592,`app-banner-courses`),cf(),Oa$1(593,`h4`,40)(594,`span`),DT(595,`Binding filters`),cf()(),Oa$1(596,`p`),DT(597,`Let's bind our new `),Oa$1(598,`code`),DT(599,`HttpExceptionFilter`),cf(),DT(600,` to the `),Oa$1(601,`code`),DT(602,`create()`),cf(),DT(603,` method of the `),Oa$1(604,`code`),DT(605,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(606,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(607,`app-copy-button`,19)(608,`span`,20),DT(609),AT(610,`extension`),Za$1(611,`app-tabs`,null,6),cf(),Oa$1(613,`pre`)(614,`code`,21),DT(615,` 844@Post() 845@UseFilters(new HttpExceptionFilter()) 846async create(@Body() createCatDto: CreateCatDto) { 847 throw new ForbiddenException(); 848} 849`),cf()(),Oa$1(616,`pre`)(617,`code`,21),DT(618,` 850@Post() 851@UseFilters(new HttpExceptionFilter()) 852@Bind(Body()) 853async create(createCatDto) { 854 throw new ForbiddenException(); 855} 856`),cf()()(),Oa$1(619,`blockquote`,17)(620,`strong`),DT(621,`Hint`),cf(),DT(622,` The `),Oa$1(623,`code`),DT(624,`@UseFilters()`),cf
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856(),DT(625,` decorator is imported from the `),Oa$1(626,`code`),DT(627,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(628,` package. 857`),cf(),Oa$1(629,`p`),DT(630,`Like the `),Oa$1(631,`code`),DT(632,`@Catch()`),cf(),DT(633,` decorator, `),Oa$1(634,`code`),DT(635,`@UseFilters()`),cf(),DT(636,` accepts a single filter instance or a comma-separated list of filter instances. Here, we created the `),Oa$1(637,`code`),DT(638,`HttpExceptionFilter`),cf(),DT(639,` instance in place. Alternatively, you can pass the class (instead of an instance), which leaves instantiation to the framework and enables `),Oa$1(640,`strong`),DT(641,`dependency injection`),cf(),DT(642,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(643,`app-copy-button`,19)(644,`span`,20),DT(645),AT(646,`extension`),Za$1(647,`app-tabs`,null,7),cf(),Oa$1(649,`pre`)(650,`code`,21),DT(651,` 858@Post() 859@UseFilters(HttpExceptionFilter) 860async create(@Body() createCatDto: CreateCatDto) { 861 throw new ForbiddenException(); 862} 863`),cf()(),Oa$1(652,`pre`)(653,`code`,21),DT(654,` 864@Post() 865@UseFilters(HttpExceptionFilter) 866@Bind(Body()) 867async create(createCatDto) { 868 throw new ForbiddenException(); 869} 870`),cf()()(),Oa$1(655,`blockquote`,17)(656,`strong`),DT(657,`Hint`),cf(),DT(658,` Prefer binding filters by class instead of by instance when possible. This reduces `),Oa$1(659,`strong`),DT(660,`memory usage`),cf(),DT(661,`, since Nest can reuse instances of the same class across your entire module. 871`),cf(),Oa$1(662,`p`),DT(663,`In the example above, the `),Oa$1(664,`code`),DT(665,`HttpExceptionFilter`),cf(),DT(666,` is applied only to the `),Oa$1(667,`code`),DT(668,`create()`),cf(),DT(669,` route handler, which makes it method-scoped. Exception filters can be scoped at different levels: method-scoped (a method of a controller, resolver, or gateway), controller-scoped, or global-scoped. For example, to set up a controller-scoped filter, do the following:`),cf(),Oa$1(670,`app-copy-button`,19)(671,`span`,20),DT(672),AT(673,`extension`),Za$1(674,`app-tabs`,null,8),cf(),Oa$1(676,`pre`)(677,`code`,21),DT(678,` 872@Controller() 873@UseFilters(new HttpExceptionFilter()) 874export class CatsController {} 875`),cf()()(),Oa$1(679,`p`),DT(680,`This sets up the `),Oa$1(681,`code`),DT(682,`HttpExceptionFilter`),cf(),DT(683,` for every route handler defined inside the `),Oa$1(684,`code`),DT(685,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(686,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(687,`p`),DT(688,`To create a global-scoped filter, do the following:`),cf(),Oa$1(689,`app-copy-button`,19)(690,`span`,20),DT(691),AT(692,`extension`),Za$1(693,`app-tabs`,null,9),cf(),Oa$1(695,`pre`)(696,`code`,21),DT(697,` 876async function bootstrap() { 877 const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule); 878 app.useGlobalFilters(new HttpExceptionFilter()); 879 await app.listen(process.env.PORT ?? 3000); 880} 881await bootstrap(); 882`),cf()()(),Oa$1(698,`blockquote`,36)(699,`strong`),DT(700,`Warning`),cf(),DT(701,` The `),Oa$1(702,`code`),DT(703,`useGlobalFilters()`),cf(),DT(704,` method does not set up filters for gateways or hybrid applications. 883`),cf(),Oa$1(705,`p`),DT(706,`Global-scoped filters are used across the whole application, for every controller and every route handler. In terms of dependency injection, global filters registered from outside of any module (with `),Oa$1(707,`code`),DT(708,`useGlobalFilters()`),cf(),DT(709,`, as in the example above) cannot inject dependencies, since this happens outside the context of any module. To solve this, you can register a global-scoped filter `),Oa$1(710,`strong`),DT(711,`directly from any module`),cf(),DT(712,` using the following construction:`),cf(),Oa$1(713,`app-copy-button`,19)(714,`span`,20),DT(715),AT(716,`extension`),Za$1(717,`app-tabs`,null,10),cf(),Oa$1(719,`pre`)(720,`code`,21),DT(721,` 884import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 885import { APP_FILTER } from '@nestjs/core'; 886 887@Module({ 888 providers: [ 889 { 890 provide: APP_FILTER, 891 useClass: HttpExceptionFilter, 892 }, 893 ], 894}) 895export class AppModule {} 896`),cf()()(),Oa$1(722,`blockquote`,17)(723,`strong`),DT(724,`Hint`),cf(),DT(725,` When you use this approach to perform dependency injection for the filter, the filter is global regardless of the module in which this construction is employed. Register it in the module where the filter (`),Oa$1(726,`code`),DT(727,`HttpExceptionFilter`),cf(),DT(728,` in the example above) is defined. Also, `),Oa$1(729,`code`),DT(730,`useClass`),cf(),DT(731,` is not the only way to register a custom provider. Learn more about `),Oa$1(732,`a`,41),DT(733,`custom providers`),cf(),DT(734,`.
897`),cf(),Oa$1(735,`blockquote`,17)(736,`strong`),DT(737,`Hint`),cf(),DT(738,` Exceptions thrown from `),Oa$1(739,`a`,42),DT(740,`middleware`),cf(),DT(741,` are also processed by the exceptions layer. Because middleware runs before a route handler is selected, only `),Oa$1(742,`strong`),DT(743,`global`),cf(),DT(744,` exception filters apply (`),Oa$1(745,`code`),DT(746,`app.useGlobalFilters()`),cf(),DT(747,` or `),Oa$1(748,`code`),DT(749,`APP_FILTER`),cf(),DT(750,`). Method-scoped and controller-scoped `),Oa$1(751,`code`),DT(752,`@UseFilters()`),cf(),DT(753,` bindings are not invoked. 898`),cf(),Oa$1(754,`p`),DT(755,`You can register as many filters as needed with this technique by adding each one to the `),Oa$1(756,`code`),DT(757,`providers`),cf(),DT(758,` array.`),cf(),Oa$1(759,`h4`,43)(760,`span`),DT(761,`Catch everything`),cf()(),Oa$1(762,`p`),DT(763,`To catch `),Oa$1(764,`strong`),DT(765,`every`),cf(),DT(766,` unhandled exception, regardless of its type, leave the `),Oa$1(767,`code`),DT(768,`@Catch()`),cf(),DT(769,` decorator's parameter list empty, i.e., `),Oa$1(770,`code`),DT(771,`@Catch()`),cf(),DT(772,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(773,`p`),DT(774,`The example below is platform-agnostic: it delivers the response through the `),Oa$1(775,`a`,44),DT(776,`HTTP adapter`),cf(),DT(777,` rather than using the platform-specific `),Oa$1(778,`code`),DT(779,`Request`),cf(),DT(780,` and `),Oa$1(781,`code`),DT(782,`Response`),cf(),DT(783,` objects directly, so the same filter works with both Express and Fastify.`),cf(),Oa$1(784,`app-copy-button`)(785,`pre`)(786,`code`,21),DT(787,` 899import { 900 ExceptionFilter, 901 Catch, 902 ArgumentsHost, 903 HttpException, 904 HttpStatus, 905} from '@nestjs/common'; 906import { HttpAdapterHost } from '@nestjs/core'; 907 908@Catch() 909export class CatchEverythingFilter implements ExceptionFilter { 910 constructor(private readonly httpAdapterHost: HttpAdapterHost) {} 911 912 catch(exception: unknown, host: ArgumentsHost): void { 913 // In certain situations \`httpAdapter\` might not be available in the 914 // constructor, so resolve it here. 915 const { httpAdapter } = this.httpAdapterHost; 916 917 const ctx = host.switchToHttp(); 918 919 const httpStatus = 920 exception instanceof HttpException 921 ? exception.getStatus() 922 : HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR; 923 924 const responseBody = { 925 statusCode: httpStatus, 926 timestamp: new Date().toISOString(), 927 path: httpAdapter.getRequestUrl(ctx.getRequest()), 928 }; 929 930 httpAdapter.reply(ctx.getResponse(), responseBody, httpStatus); 931 } 932} 933`),cf()()(),Oa$1(788,`blockquote`,36)(789,`strong`),DT(790,`Warning`),cf(),DT(791,` When combining a catch-everything filter with one bound to a specific exception type, declare the catch-everything filter `),Oa$1(792,`strong`),DT(793,`first`),cf(),DT(794,`, so the more specific filter can still handle the type it is bound to. 934`),cf(),Oa$1(795,`h4`,45)(796,`span`),DT(797,`Inheritance`),cf()(),Oa$1(798,`p`),DT(799,`Typically, you'll create fully customized exception filters tailored to your application's requirements. However, in some cases you may want to extend the built-in `),Oa$1(800,`strong`),DT(801,`global exception filter`),cf(),DT(802,` and override its behavior only under certain conditions.`),cf(),Oa$1(803,`p`),DT(804,`To delegate exception processing to the base filter, extend `),Oa$1(805,`code`),DT(806,`BaseExceptionFilter`),cf(),DT(807,` and call the inherited `),Oa$1(808,`code`),DT(809,`catch()`),cf(),DT(810,` method.`),cf(),Oa$1(811,`app-copy-button`,19)(812,`span`,20),DT(813),AT(814,`extension`),Za$1(815,`app-tabs`,null,11),cf(),Oa$1(817,`pre`)(818,`code`,21),DT(819,` 935import { Catch, ArgumentsHost } from '@nestjs/common'; 936import { BaseExceptionFilter } from '@nestjs/core'; 937 938@Catch() 939export class AllExceptionsFilter extends BaseExceptionFilter { 940 catch(exception: unknown, host: ArgumentsHost) { 941 super.catch(exception, host); 942 } 943} 944`),cf()(),Oa$1(820,`pre`)(821,`code`,21),DT(822,` 945import { Catch } from '@nestjs/common'; 946import { BaseExceptionFilter } from '@nestjs/core'; 947 948@Catch() 949export class AllExceptionsFilter extends BaseExceptionFilter {
950 catch(exception, host) { 951 super.catch(exception, host); 952 } 953} 954`),cf()()(),Oa$1(823,`blockquote`,36)(824,`strong`),DT(825,`Warning`),cf(),DT(826,` Method-scoped and controller-scoped filters that extend the `),Oa$1(827,`code`),DT(828,`BaseExceptionFilter`),cf(),DT(829,` should not be instantiated with `),Oa$1(830,`code`),DT(831,`new`),cf(),DT(832,`. Instead, let the framework instantiate them automatically. 955`),cf(),Oa$1(833,`p`),DT(834,`Global filters `),Oa$1(835,`strong`),DT(836,`can`),cf(),DT(837,` extend the base filter, in one of two ways.`),cf(),Oa$1(838,`p`),DT(839,`The first is to pass the `),Oa$1(840,`code`),DT(841,`HttpAdapter`),cf(),DT(842,` reference to the constructor when instantiating the custom global filter:`),cf(),Oa$1(843,`app-copy-button`)(844,`pre`)(845,`code`,21),DT(846,` 956async function bootstrap() { 957 const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule); 958 959 const { httpAdapter } = app.get(HttpAdapterHost); 960 app.useGlobalFilters(new AllExceptionsFilter(httpAdapter)); 961 962 await app.listen(process.env.PORT ?? 3000); 963} 964await bootstrap(); 965`),cf()()(),Oa$1(847,`p`),DT(848,`The second is to register the filter with the `),Oa$1(849,`code`),DT(850,`APP_FILTER`),cf(),DT(851,` token, `),Oa$1(852,`a`,46),DT(853,`as shown earlier`),cf(),DT(854,`.`),cf()(),Oa$1(855,`a`,47),Za$1(856,`i`,48),Oa$1(857,`span`),DT(858,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()()),a&2){let l=QS(75),d=QS(177),m=QS(291),h=QS(311),u=QS(504),b=QS(612),S=QS(648),k=QS(675),C=QS(694),w=QS(718),P=QS(816);UC(72),hf(` `,OT(73,27,`cats.controller`,l.isJsActive),` 966`),UC(102),hf(` `,OT(175,30,`cats.controller`,d.isJsActive),` 967`),UC(114),hf(` `,OT(289,33,`forbidden.exception`,m.isJsActive),` 968`),UC(20),hf(` `,OT(309,36,`cats.controller`,h.isJsActive),` 969`),UC(193),hf(` `,OT(502,39,`http-exception.filter`,u.isJsActive),` 970`),UC(4),By(`hide`,u.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!u.isJsActive),UC(101),hf(` `,OT(610,42,`cats.controller`,b.isJsActive),` 971`),UC(4),By(`hide`,b.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!b.isJsActive),UC(29),hf(` `,OT(646,45,`cats.controller`,S.isJsActive),` 972`),UC(4),By(`hide`,S.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!S.isJsActive),UC(20),hf(` `,OT(673,48,`cats.controller`,k.isJsActive),` 973`),UC(19),hf(` `,OT(692,51,`main`,C.isJsActive),` 974`),UC(24),hf(` `,OT(716,54,`app.module`,w.isJsActive),` 975`),UC(98),hf(` `,OT(814,57,`all-exceptions.filter`,P.isJsActive),` 976`),UC(4),By(`hide`,P.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!P.isJsActive)}},dependencies:[xt,tn$1,u,tu,l$1,g],encapsulation:2})}return o})();var Kr=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-first-steps`]],features:[My],decls:375,vars:10,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[`appa87c9d3f6706f1a389bc164b90bab32704b24dae`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`first-steps`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`language`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.typescriptlang.org/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://nodejs.org/en/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://babeljs.io/`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`prerequisites`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://nodejs.org`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`setup`],[`routerLink`,`/cli/overview`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.npmjs.com/`],[1,`language-bash`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.observe.nestjs.com/`,`title`,`NestJS Observe`],[`routerLink`,`/observability/overview`],[1,`info`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.typescriptlang.org/tsconfig#strict`],[1,`file-tree`],[1,`item`],[1,`children`],[1,`with-heading`],[1,`filename`],[1,`language-typescript`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`platform`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://expressjs.com/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.fastify.io`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.fastify.io/`],[`routerLink`,`/http/performance`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`running-the-application`],[`routerLink`,`/recipes/swc`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`linting-and-formatting`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://oxc.rs/docs/guide/usage/linter.html`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://prettier.io/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://prettier.io/docs/en/comparison.html`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.npmjs.com/package/oxlint`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.npmjs.com/package/prettier`],[`href`,`https://github.com/nestjs/docs.nestjs.com/edit/master/content/first-steps.md`,`target`,`_blank`,`rel`,`noopener`,1,`github-links`],[`aria-hidden`,`true`,1,`ph`,`ph-pencil-simple-line`]],template:function(a,s){if(a&1&&(Oa$1(0,`div`,2,0)(2,`div`,3)(3,`h3`,4),DT(4,`First steps`),cf(),Oa$1(5,`p`),DT(6,`This set of articles covers the `),Oa$1(7,`strong`),DT(8,`core fundamentals`),cf(),DT(9,` of Nest. To introduce the essential building blocks of a Nest application, we'll build a basic CRUD application whose features cover a lot of ground at an introductory level.`),cf(),Oa$1(10,`h4`,5)(11,`span`),DT(12,`Language`),cf()(),Oa$1(13,`p`),DT(14,`Nest is written in `),Oa$1(15,`a`,6),DT(16,`Type
976Script`),cf(),DT(17,` and runs on `),Oa$1(18,`a`,7),DT(19,`Node.js`),cf(),DT(20,`, and it supports both TypeScript and plain JavaScript. Because Nest relies on the latest language features, using it with plain JavaScript requires `),Oa$1(21,`a`,8),DT(22,`Babel`),cf(),DT(23,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(24,`p`),DT(25,`Most examples in this documentation use TypeScript, but you can `),Oa$1(26,`strong`),DT(27,`switch any code snippet`),cf(),DT(28,` to plain JavaScript syntax with the language toggle in the upper-right corner of the snippet.`),cf(),Oa$1(29,`h4`,9)(30,`span`),DT(31,`Prerequisites`),cf()(),Oa$1(32,`p`),DT(33,`Make sure that `),Oa$1(34,`a`,10),DT(35,`Node.js`),cf(),DT(36,` is installed on your operating system. Running a Nest application requires `),Oa$1(37,`strong`),DT(38,`v20.19 or later`),cf(),DT(39,` (or `),Oa$1(40,`strong`),DT(41,`v22.12+`),cf(),DT(42,` on the 22.x line). The Nest CLI's generators (such as `),Oa$1(43,`code`),DT(44,`nest new`),cf(),DT(45,` and `),Oa$1(46,`code`),DT(47,`nest generate`),cf(),DT(48,`) require `),Oa$1(49,`strong`),DT(50,`v22.22.3+, v24.15+, or v26+`),cf(),DT(51,`. We recommend the latest active LTS release, which satisfies both requirements.`),cf(),Oa$1(52,`h4`,11)(53,`span`),DT(54,`Setup`),cf()(),Oa$1(55,`p`),DT(56,`The quickest way to set up a new project is
976with the `),Oa$1(57,`a`,12),DT(58,`Nest CLI`),cf(),DT(59,`. With `),Oa$1(60,`a`,13),DT(61,`npm`),cf(),DT(62,` installed, run the following commands in your terminal:`),cf(),Oa$1(63,`pre`)(64,`code`,14),DT(65,` 977$ npm i -g @nestjs/cli 978$ nest new project-name 979`),cf()(),Oa$1(66,`p`),DT(67,`The CLI asks which module system to use: ESM (the default), which uses Vitest as the test runner, or CommonJS, which uses Jest.`),cf(),Oa$1(68,`p`),DT(69,`It also asks whether to set up `),Oa$1(70,`a`,15),DT(71,`NestJS Observe`),cf(),DT(72,`, the official observability platform for Nest. If you answer yes, the generated project includes the `),Oa$1(73,`code`),DT(74,`@nestjs/observe`),cf(),DT(75,` SDK, already wired into `),Oa$1(76,`code`),DT(77,`AppModule`),cf(),DT(78,` and `),Oa$1(79,`code`),DT(80,`NestFactory.create()`),cf(),DT(81,`. Requests, background jobs, errors, and distributed traces start reporting as soon as you supply your app key and secret, and the free plan needs no payment details. In an interactive terminal, the prompt defaults to yes; in non-interactive environments, such as CI, it is skipped and Observe is not added. Pass `),Oa$1(82,`code`),DT(83,`--observe`),cf(),DT(84,` or `),Oa$1(85,`code`),DT(86,`--no-observe`),cf(),DT(87,` to skip the prompt either way. See the `),Oa$1(88,`a`,16),DT(89,`Observability`),cf(),DT(90,` chapter for what Observe covers.`),cf(),Oa$1(91,`blockquote`,17)(92,`strong`),DT(93,`Hint`),cf(),DT(94,` New projects are generated with TypeScript's `),Oa$1(95,`a`,18),DT(96,`strict`),cf(),DT(97,` mode enabled. To opt out, set `),Oa$1(98,`code`),DT(99,`"strict": false`),cf(),DT(100,` in the generated `),Oa$1(101,`code`),DT(102,`tsconfig.json`),cf(),DT(103,`. 980`),cf(),Oa$1(104,`p`),DT(105,`The CLI creates a `),Oa$1(106,`code`),DT(107,`project-name`),cf(),DT(108,` directory, installs the dependencies, generates a few boilerplate files, and populates a `),Oa$1(109,`code`),DT(110,`src/`),cf(),DT(111,` directory with several core files.`),cf(),Oa$1(112,`div`,19)(113,`div`,20),DT(114,`src`),cf(),Oa$1(115,`div`,21)(116,`div`,20),DT(117,`app.controller.spec.ts`),cf(),Oa$1(118,`div`,20),DT(119,`app.controller.ts`),cf(),Oa$1(120,`div`,20),DT(121,`app.module.ts`),cf(),Oa$1(122,`div`,20),DT(123,`app.service.ts`),cf(),Oa$1(124,`div`,20),DT(125,`main.ts`),cf()()(),Oa$1(126,`p`),DT(127,`The following table describes these core files:`),cf(),Oa$1(128,`table`),Za$1(129,`thead`),Oa$1(130,`tbody`)(131,`tr`)(132,`td`)(133,`code`),DT(134,`app.controller.ts`),cf()(),Oa$1(135,`td`),DT(136,`A basic controller with a single route.`),cf()(),Oa$1(137,`tr`)(138,`td`)(139,`code`),DT(140,`app.controller.spec.ts`),cf()(),Oa$1(141,`td`),DT(142,`The unit tests for the controller.`),cf()(),Oa$1(143,`tr`)(144,`td`)(145,`code`),DT(146,`app.module.ts`),cf()(),Oa$1(147,`td`),DT(148,`The root module of the application.`),cf()(),Oa$1(149,`tr`)(150,`td`)(151,`code`),DT(152,`app.service.ts`),cf()(),Oa$1(153,`td`),DT(154,`A basic service with a single method.`),cf()(),Oa$1(155,`tr`)(156,`td`)(157,`code`),DT(158,`main.ts`),cf()(),Oa$1(159,`td`),DT(160,`The entry file of the application. It uses `),Oa$1(161,`code`),DT(162,`NestFactory`),cf
vendor: 3,654 bytes, lines 980-999
980(),DT(163,` to create a Nest application instance.`),cf()()()(),Oa$1(164,`p`),DT(165,`The `),Oa$1(166,`code`),DT(167,`main.ts`),cf(),DT(168,` file contains an async function that `),Oa$1(169,`strong`),DT(170,`bootstraps`),cf(),DT(171,` the application:`),cf(),Oa$1(172,`app-copy-button`,22)(173,`span`,23),DT(174),AT(175,`extension`),Za$1(176,`app-tabs`,null,1),cf(),Oa$1(178,`pre`)(179,`code`,24),DT(180,` 981import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core'; 982import { AppModule } from './app.module.js'; 983 984async function bootstrap() { 985 const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule); 986 await app.listen(process.env.PORT ?? 3000); 987} 988await bootstrap(); 989`),cf()(),Oa$1(181,`pre`)(182,`code`,24),DT(183,` 990import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core'; 991import { AppModule } from './app.module.js'; 992 993async function bootstrap() { 994 const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule); 995 await app.listen(process.env.PORT ?? 3000); 996} 997await bootstrap(); 998`),cf()()(),Oa$1(184,`p`),DT(185,`To create a Nest application instance, use `),Oa$1(186,`code`),DT(187,`NestFactory`),cf(),DT(188,` from `),Oa$1(189,`code`),DT(190,`@nestjs/core`),cf(),DT(191,`, which exposes a few methods for this purpose. The `),Oa$1(192,`code`),DT(193,`create()`),cf(),DT(194,` method returns an application object that implements the `),Oa$1(195,`code`),DT(196,`INestApplication`),cf(),DT(197,` interface. The methods of this object are described in the following chapters. In the `),Oa$1(198,`code`),DT(199,`main.ts`),cf(),DT(200,` example above, the application starts an HTTP listener and waits for inbound HTTP requests.`),cf(),Oa$1(201,`p`),DT(202,`The project structure generated by the Nest CLI encourages the convention of keeping each module in its own dedicated directory.`),cf(),Oa$1(203,`blockquote`,17)(204,`strong`),DT(205,`Hint`),cf(),DT(206,` By default, if an error occurs while the application is being created, the process exits with code `),Oa$1(207,`code`),DT(208,`1`),cf(),DT(209,`. To have the error thrown instead, disable the `),Oa$1(210,`code`),DT(211,`abortOnError`),cf(),DT(212,` option (e.g., `),Oa$1(213,`code`),DT(214),cf(),DT(215,`). 999`),cf(),Oa$1(216,`p`),Za$1(217,`app-banner-courses`),cf(),Oa$1(218,`h4`,25)(219,`span`),DT(220,`Platform`),cf()(),Oa$1(221,`p`),DT(222,`Nest is designed to be platform-agnostic. Platform independence lets you create reusable logical parts that can be used across several different types of applications. Nest can work with any Node.js HTTP framework once an adapter is created for it. Two HTTP platforms are supported out of the box: `),Oa$1(223,`a`,26),DT(224,`Express`),cf(),DT(225,` and `),Oa$1(226,`a`,27),DT(227,`Fastify`),cf(),DT(228,`. Choose the one that best suits your needs.`),cf(),Oa$1(229,`table`),Za$1(230,`thead`),Oa$1(231,`tbody`)(232,`tr`)(233,`td`)(234,`code`),DT(235,`platform-express`),cf()(),Oa$1(236,`td`)(237,`a`,26),DT(238,`Express`),cf(),DT(239,` is a well-known, minimalist web framework for Node.js. It is a battle-tested, production-ready library with extensive community resources. Nest uses the `),Oa$1(240,`code`),DT(241,`@nestjs/platform-express`),cf(),DT(242,` package by default, so no setup is required.`),cf()(),Oa$1(243,`tr`)(244,`td`)(245,`code`),DT(246,`platform-fastify`),cf()(),Oa$1(247,`td`)(248,`a`,28),DT(249,`Fastify`),cf(),DT(250,` is a high-performance, low-overhead framework focused on efficiency and speed. To learn how to use it, see `),Oa$1(251,`a`,29),DT(252,`Performance (Fastify)`),cf(),DT(253,`.`),cf()()()(),Oa$1(254,`p`),DT(255,`Each platform exposes its own application interface: `),Oa$1(256,`code`),DT(257,`NestExpressApplication`),cf(),DT(258,` and `),Oa$1(259,`code`),DT(2
99960,`NestFastifyApplication`),cf(),DT(261,`, respectively.`),cf(),Oa$1(262,`p`),DT(263,`When you pass a type to the `),Oa$1(264,`code`),DT(265,`NestFactory.create()`),cf(),DT(266,` method, as in the example below, the `),Oa$1(267,`code`),DT(268,`app`),cf(),DT(269,` object exposes methods that are available only on that platform. You don't `),Oa$1(270,`strong`),DT(271,`need`),cf(),DT(272,` to specify a type `),Oa$1(273,`strong`),DT(274,`unless`),cf(),DT(275,` you want to access the underlying platform API.`),cf(),Oa$1(276,`app-copy-button`)(277,`pre`)(278,`code`,24),DT(279,` 1000const app = await NestFactory.create<NestExpressApplication>(AppModule); 1001`),cf()()(),Oa$1(280,`h4`,30)(281,`span`),DT(282,`Running the application`),cf()(),Oa$1(283,`p`),DT(284,`Once the installation is complete, run the following command to start the application and listen for inbound HTTP requests:`),cf(),Oa$1(285,`pre`)(286,`code`,14),DT(287,` 1002$ npm run start 1003`),cf()(),Oa$1(288,`blockquote`,17)(289,`strong`),DT(290,`Hint`),cf(),DT(291,` To speed up development builds, use the `),Oa$1(292,`a`,31),DT(293,`SWC builder`),cf(),DT(294,` by passing the `),Oa$1(295,`code`),DT(296,`-b swc`),cf(),DT(297,` flag to the `),Oa$1(298,`code`),DT(299,`start`),cf(),DT(300,` script: `),Oa$1(301,`code`),DT(302,`npm run start -- -b swc`),cf(),DT(303,`. 1004`),cf(),Oa$1(304,`p`),DT(305,`This command starts the HTTP server on the port defined in the `),Oa$1(306,`code`),DT(307,`src/main.ts`),cf(),DT(308,` file (`),Oa$1(309,`code`),DT(310,`3000`),cf(),DT(311,`, unless the `),Oa$1(312,`code`),DT(313,`PORT`),cf(),DT(314,` environment variable is set). Once the application is running, open your browser and navigate to `),Oa$1(315,`code`),DT(316,`http://localhost:3000/`),cf(),DT(317,`. You should see the `),Oa$1(318,`code`),DT(319,`Hello World!`),cf(),DT(320,` message.`),cf(),Oa$1(321,`p`),DT(322,`To watch your files for changes, start the application with the following command instead:`),cf(),Oa$1(323,`pre`)(324,`code`,14),DT(325,` 1005$ npm run start:dev 1006`),cf()(),Oa$1(326,`p`),DT(327,`This command watches your files and, whenever they change, recompiles and restarts the server.`),cf(),Oa$1(328,`h4`,32)(329,`span`),DT(330,`Linting and formatting`),cf()(),Oa$1(331,`p`),DT(332,`The `),Oa$1(333,`a`,12),DT(334,`Nest CLI`),cf(),DT(335,` aims to scaffold a reliable development workflow that scales. For a fast default workflow, generated TypeScript projects come with a code `),Oa$1(336,`strong`),DT(337,`linter`),cf(),DT(338,` and a `),Oa$1(339,`strong`),DT(340,`formatter`),cf(),DT(341,` preinstalled: `),Oa$1(342,`a`,33),DT(343,`oxlint`),cf(),DT(344,` and `),Oa$1(345,`a`,34),DT(346,`Prettier`),cf(),DT(347,`, respectively.`),cf(),Oa$1(348,`blockquote`,17)(349,`strong`),DT(350,`Hint`),cf(),DT(351,` Not sure how formatters and linters differ? See Prettier's `),Oa$1(352,`a`,35),DT(353,`comparison`),cf(),DT(354,`. 1007`),cf(),Oa$1(355,`p`),DT(356,`For headless environments where an IDE is not involved (continuous integration, Git hooks, etc.), the project includes ready-to-use `),Oa$1(357,`code`),DT(358,`npm`),cf(),DT(359,` scripts that run `),Oa$1(360,`a`,36)(361,`code`),DT(362,`oxlint`),cf()(),DT(363,` and `),Oa$1(364,`a`,37)(365,`code`),DT(366,`prettier`),cf()(),DT(367,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(368,`pre`)(369,`code`,14),DT(370,` 1008# Lint with oxlint 1009$ npm run lint 1010 1011# Format with prettier 1012$ npm run format 1013`),cf()()(),Oa$1(371,`a`,38),Za$1(372,`i`,39),Oa$1(373,`span`),DT(374,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()()),a&2){let l=QS(177);UC(174),hf(` `,OT(175,7,`main`,l.isJsActive),` 1014`),UC(4),By(`hide`,l.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!l.isJsActive),UC(33),Wy(`NestFactory.create(AppModule, `,`{`,` abortOnError: false `,`}`,`)`)}},dependencies:[xt,tu,tn$1,u,l$1,g],encapsulation:2})}return o})();var Qr=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-guards`]],features:[My],decls:482,vars:40,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[`app9d50b75f15759cce2036fe518ec545401548a0cf`,``],[`app8d30f67ccf47d155eea86c21045b18d1c5a6d9ce`,``],[`appa8077b8eb105dc076775d94c4f2897dbaf805e1e`,``],[`app6f14cab49ff4c0f0281866750038d9f33849f3a1`,``],[`app85549c2454bbaee31cab78c96ad438e15ba0415f`,``],[`app791c91bf030c24ca0e91d2c2270e09a9a127dc69`,``],[`app9d63c5c3b3f8248089fb9365dd762a42b442766a`,``],[`appb326a598dae612a604dfd82e5c727bfcaf4a0e38`,``],[`appa0f7690565f8b266689dc163e1a8a596a3fbcd6e`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`guards`],[`src`,`/assets/Guards_1.png`,1,`illustrative-image`],[`routerLink`,`/middleware`],[1,`info`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`authorization-guard`],[1,`with-heading`],[1,`filename`],[1,`language-typescript`],[`routerLink`,`/security/authentication`],[`routerLink`,`/security/authorization`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`execution-context`],[`href`,`/exception-filters#arguments-host`],[`routerLink`,`/fundamentals/execution-context`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`role-based-authentication`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`binding-guards`],[1,`warning`],[`routerLink`,`/faq/hybrid-application`],[`routerLink`,`/fundamentals/custom-providers`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`setting-roles-per-handler`],[`href`,`/fundamentals/execution-context#reflection-and-metadata`],[1,`language-ts`],[`href`,`/fundamentals/execution-context#low-level-approach`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`putting-it-all-together`],[1,`language-json`],[`routerLink`,`/exception-filters`],[`href`,`https://github.com/nestjs/docs.nestjs.com/edit/master/content/guards.md`,`target`,`_blank`,`rel`,`noopener`,1,`github-links`],[`aria-hidden`,`true`,1,`ph`,`ph-pencil-simple-line`]],template:function(a,s){if(a&1&&(Oa$1(0,`div`,10,0)(2,`div`,11)(3,`h3`,12),DT(4,`Guards`),cf(),Oa$1(5,`p`),DT(6,`A guard is a class annotated with the `),Oa$1(7,`code`),DT(8,`@Injectable()`),cf(),DT(9,` decorator that implements the `),Oa$1(10,`code`),DT(11,`CanActivate`),cf(),DT(12,` interface.`),cf(),Oa$1(13,`figure`),Za$1(14,`img`,13),cf(),Oa$1(15,`p`),DT(16,`Guards have a `),Oa$1(17,`strong`),DT(18,`single responsibility`),cf
1014(),DT(19,`: they determine whether a given request will be handled by the route handler, based on conditions present at runtime (such as permissions, roles, or ACLs). This is often referred to as `),Oa$1(20,`strong`),DT(21,`authorization`),cf(),DT(22,`. In traditional Express applications, authorization (and its close relative, `),Oa$1(23,`strong`),DT(24,`authentication`),cf(),DT(25,`, with which it usually collaborates) has typically been handled by `),Oa$1(26,`a`,14),DT(27,`middleware`),cf(),DT(28,`. Middleware is a good fit for authentication, because tasks such as validating a token and attaching properties to the `),Oa$1(29,`code`),DT(30,`request`),cf(),DT(31,` object are not tied to a particular route context (and its metadata).`),cf(),Oa$1(32,`p`),DT(33,`Middleware, however, is context-blind by nature: it doesn't know which handler will be executed after it calls `),Oa$1(34,`code`),DT(35,`next()`),cf(),DT(36,`. `),Oa$1(37,`strong`),DT(38,`Guards`),cf(),DT(39,`, on the other hand, have access to the `),Oa$1(40,`code`),DT(41,`ExecutionContext`),cf(),DT(42,` instance, so they know exactly what will be executed next. Like exception filters, pipes, and interceptors, guards let you interpose processing logic at exactly the right point in the request/response cycle, and do so declaratively. This helps keep your code DRY.`),cf(),Oa$1(43,`blockquote`,15)(44,`strong`),DT(45,`Hint`),cf(),DT(46,` Guards are executed `),Oa$1(47,`strong`),DT(48,`after`),cf(),DT(49,` all middleware, but `),Oa$1(50,`strong`),DT(51,`before`),cf(),DT(52,` any interceptor or pipe. 1015`),cf(),Oa$1(53,`h4`,16)(54,`span`),DT(55,`Authorization guard`),cf()(),Oa$1(56,`p`),DT(57,`As mentioned, `),Oa$1(58,`strong`),DT(59,`authorization`),cf(),DT(60,` is a common use case for guards, because specific routes should be available only when the caller (usually a specific authenticated user) has sufficient permissions. The `),Oa$1(61,`code`),DT(62,`AuthGuard`),cf(),DT(63,` we'll build now assumes an authenticated user, and therefore a token attached to the request headers. It extracts and validates the token, and uses the extracted information to determine whether the request can proceed.`),
vendor: 5,288 bytes, lines 1015-1064
1015cf(),Oa$1(64,`app-copy-button`,17)(65,`span`,18),DT(66),AT(67,`extension`),Za$1(68,`app-tabs`,null,1),cf(),Oa$1(70,`pre`)(71,`code`,19),DT(72,` 1016import { Injectable, CanActivate, ExecutionContext } from '@nestjs/common'; 1017import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; 1018 1019@Injectable() 1020export class AuthGuard implements CanActivate { 1021 canActivate( 1022 context: ExecutionContext, 1023 ): boolean | Promise<boolean> | Observable<boolean> { 1024 const request = context.switchToHttp().getRequest(); 1025 return validateRequest(request); 1026 } 1027} 1028`),cf()(),Oa$1(73,`pre`)(74,`code`,19),DT(75,` 1029import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 1030 1031@Injectable() 1032export class AuthGuard { 1033 async canActivate(context) { 1034 const request = context.switchToHttp().getRequest(); 1035 return validateRequest(request); 1036 } 1037} 1038`),cf()()(),Oa$1(76,`blockquote`,15)(77,`strong`),DT(78,`Hint`),cf(),DT(79,` For a real-world example of an authentication mechanism, see the `),Oa$1(80,`a`,20),DT(81,`authentication`),cf(),DT(82,` chapter. For a more sophisticated authorization example, see the `),Oa$1(83,`a`,21),DT(84,`authorization`),cf(),DT(85,` chapter. 1039`),cf(),Oa$1(86,`p`),DT(87,`The logic inside the `),Oa$1(88,`code`),DT(89,`validateRequest()`),cf(),DT(90,` function can be as simple or as sophisticated as needed. The point of this example is to show how guards fit into the request/response cycle.`),cf(),Oa$1(91,`p`),DT(92,`Every guard must implement a `),Oa$1(93,`code`),DT(94,`canActivate()`),cf(),DT(95,` method. It returns a boolean indicating whether the current request is allowed, either synchronously or asynchronously (via a `),Oa$1(96,`code`),DT(97,`Promise`),cf(),DT(98,` or an `),Oa$1(99,`code`),DT(100,`Observable`),cf(),DT(101,`). Nest uses the return value to decide what happens next:`),cf(),Oa$1(102,`ul`)(103,`li`),DT(104,`if it returns `),Oa$1(105,`code`),DT(106,`true`),cf(),DT(107,`, the request is processed.`),cf(),Oa$1(108,`li`),DT(109,`if it returns `),Oa$1(110,`code`),DT(111,`false`),cf(),DT(112,`, Nest denies the request.`),cf()(),Oa$1(113,`p`),Za$1(114,`app-banner-enterprise`),cf(),Oa$1(115,`h4`,22)(116,`span`),DT(117,`Execution context`),cf()(),Oa$1(118,`p`),DT(119,`The `),Oa$1(120,`code`),DT(121,`canActivate()`),cf(),DT(122,` method takes a single argument, the `),Oa$1(123,`code`),DT(124,`ExecutionContext`),cf(),DT(125,` instance. `),Oa$1(126,`code`),DT(127,`ExecutionContext`),cf(),DT(128,` extends `),Oa$1(129,`code`),DT(130,`ArgumentsHost`),cf(),DT(131,`, which we covered in the exception filters chapter. The sample above uses the same helper methods defined on `),Oa$1(132,`code`),DT(133,`ArgumentsHost`),cf(),DT(134,` to get a reference to the `),Oa$1(135,`code`),DT(136,`Request`),cf(),DT(137,` object. See the `),Oa$1(138,`strong`),DT(139,`Arguments host`),cf(),DT(140,` section of the `),Oa$1(141,`a`,23),DT(142,`exception filters`),cf(),DT(143,` chapter for more on this topic.`),cf(),Oa$1(144,`p`),DT(145,`By extending `),Oa$1(146,`code`),DT(147,`ArgumentsHost`),cf(),DT(148,`, `),Oa$1(149,`code`),DT(150,`ExecutionContext`),cf(),DT(151,` adds several helper methods that provide additional details about the current execution process. These details help you build more generic guards that work across a broad set of controllers, methods, and execution contexts. See the `),Oa$1(152,`a`,24),DT(153,`execution context`),cf(),DT(154,` chapter to learn more about `),Oa$1(155,`code`),DT(156,`ExecutionContext`),cf(),DT(157,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(158,`h4`,25)(159,`span`),DT(160,`Role-based authentication`),cf()(),Oa$1(161,`p`),DT(162,`Let's build a more functional guard that permits access only to users with a specific role. We'll start with a basic guard template and build on it in the following sections. For now, it allows all requests to proceed:`),cf(),Oa$1(163,`app-copy-button`,17)(164,`span`,18),DT(165),AT(166,`extension`),Za$1(167,`app-tabs`,null,2),cf(),Oa$1(169,`pre`)(170,`code`,19),DT(171,` 1040import { Injectable, CanActivate, ExecutionContext } from '@nestjs/common'; 1041import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; 1042 1043@Injectable() 1044export class RolesGuard implements CanActivate { 1045 canActivate( 1046 context: ExecutionContext, 1047 ): boolean | Promise<boolean> | Observable<boolean> { 1048 return true; 1049 } 1050} 1051`),cf()(),Oa$1(172,`pre`)(173,`code`,19),DT(174,` 1052import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 1053 1054@Injectable() 1055export class RolesGuard { 1056 canActivate(context) { 1057 return true; 1058 } 1059} 1060`),cf()()(),Oa$1(175,`h4`,26)(176,`span`),DT(177,`Binding guards`),cf()(),Oa$1(178,`p`),DT(179,`Like pipes and exception filters, guards can be controller-scoped, method-scoped, or global-scoped. Below, we set up a controller-scoped guard using the `),Oa$1(180,`code`),DT(181,`@UseGuards()`),cf(),DT(182,` decorator. The decorator accepts a single guard or a comma-separated list of guards, so you can apply a whole set of guards with one declaration.`),cf(),Oa$1(183,`app-copy-button`,17)(184,`span`,18),Za$1(185,`app-tabs`,null,3),cf(),Oa$1(187,`pre`)(188,`code`,19),DT(189,` 1061@Controller('cats') 1062@UseGuards(RolesGuard) 1063export class CatsController {} 1064`),cf()()(),Oa$1(190,`blockquote`,15)(191,`strong`),DT(192,`Hint`),cf(),DT(193,` The `),Oa$1(194,`code`),DT(195,`@UseGuards()`),cf(),DT(196,` decorator is imported from the `),Oa$1(197,`code`),DT(198,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(199,` package.
1065`),cf(),Oa$1(200,`p`),DT(201,`Above, we passed the `),Oa$1(202,`code`),DT(203,`RolesGuard`),cf(),DT(204,` class (instead of an instance), leaving responsibility for instantiation to the framework and enabling dependency injection. As with pipes and exception filters, you can also pass an in-place instance:`),cf(),Oa$1(205,`app-copy-button`,17)(206,`span`,18),Za$1(207,`app-tabs`,null,4),cf(),Oa$1(209,`pre`)(210,`code`,19),DT(211,` 1066@Controller('cats') 1067@UseGuards(new RolesGuard()) 1068export class CatsController {} 1069`),cf()()(),Oa$1(212,`p`),DT(213,`The construction above attaches the guard to every handler declared by this controller. To apply the guard to a single method only, use the `),Oa$1(214,`code`),DT(215,`@UseGuards()`),cf(),DT(216,` decorator at the `),Oa$1(217,`strong`),DT(218,`method level`),cf(),DT(219,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(220,`p`),DT(221,`To set up a global guard, use the `),Oa$1(222,`code`),DT(223,`useGlobalGuards()`),cf(),DT(224,` method of the Nest application instance:`),cf(),Oa$1(225,`app-copy-button`,17)(226,`span`,18),Za$1(227,`app-tabs`,null,5),cf(),Oa$1(229,`pre`)(230,`code`,19),DT(231,` 1070const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule); 1071app.useGlobalGuards(new RolesGuard()); 1072`),cf()()(),Oa$1(232,`blockquote`,27)(233,`strong`),DT(234,`Notice`),cf(),DT(235,` In a hybrid application, `),Oa$1(236,`code`),DT(237,`useGlobalGuards()`),cf(),DT(238,` doesn't set up guards for connected microservices by default (see `),Oa$1(239,`a`,28),DT(240,`Hybrid application`),cf(),DT(241,` to change this behavior). In a standard (non-hybrid) microservice application, `),Oa$1(242,`code`),DT(243,`useGlobalGuards()`),cf(),DT(244,` does mount the guards globally. 1073`),cf(),Oa$1(245,`p`),DT(246,`Global guards apply to every controller and every route handler in the application. However, a global guard registered outside of any module (with `),Oa$1(247,`code`),DT(248,`useGlobalGuards()`),cf(),DT(249,`, as in the example above) cannot inject dependencies, because the registration happens outside the context of any module. To solve this, register the guard directly from any module using the following construction:`),cf(),Oa$1(250,`app-copy-button`,17)(251,`span`,18),DT(252),AT(253,`extension`),Za$1(254,`app-tabs`,null,6),cf(),Oa$1(256,`pre`)(257,`code`,19),DT(258,` 1074import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1075import { APP_GUARD } from '@nestjs/core'; 1076 1077@Module({ 1078 providers: [ 1079 { 1080 provide: APP_GUARD, 1081 useClass: RolesGuard, 1082 }, 1083 ], 1084}) 1085export class AppModule {} 1086`),cf()()(),Oa$1(259,`blockquote`,15)(260,`strong`),DT(261,`Hint`),cf(),DT(262,` When you use this approach to perform dependency injection for the guard, the guard is global regardless of the module in which you register it. We recommend registering it in the module where the guard (`),Oa$1(263,`code`),DT(2
vendor: 5,368 bytes, lines 1086-1118
108664,`RolesGuard`),cf(),DT(265,` in the example above) is defined. Also, `),Oa$1(266,`code`),DT(267,`useClass`),cf(),DT(268,` is not the only way to register a custom provider. See `),Oa$1(269,`a`,29),DT(270,`Custom providers`),cf(),DT(271,` to learn more. 1087`),cf(),Oa$1(272,`blockquote`,15)(273,`strong`),DT(274,`Hint`),cf(),DT(275,` You can register the `),Oa$1(276,`code`),DT(277,`APP_GUARD`),cf(),DT(278,` token multiple times (in the same or different modules); every registered guard runs for each request, in registration order. `),Oa$1(279,`code`),DT(280,`APP_GUARD`),cf(),DT(281,` (like the other `),Oa$1(282,`code`),DT(283,`APP_*`),cf(),DT(284,` tokens) is a pseudo-provider that the framework consumes during bootstrap: it cannot be retrieved later with `),Oa$1(285,`code`),DT(286,`app.get()`),cf(),DT(287,` or injected elsewhere. 1088`),cf(),Oa$1(288,`h4`,30)(289,`span`),DT(290,`Setting roles per handler`),cf()(),Oa$1(291,`p`),DT(292,`Our `),Oa$1(293,`code`),DT(294,`RolesGuard`),cf(),DT(295,` works, but it isn't very smart yet: it doesn't take advantage of the most important guard feature, the `),Oa$1(296,`a`,24),DT(297,`execution context`),cf(),DT(298,`. It doesn't know about roles, or which roles are allowed for each handler. The `),Oa$1(299,`code`),DT(300,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(301,`, for example, could have different permission schemes for different routes. Some routes might be available only to admin users, while others are open to everyone. How can we match roles to routes in a flexible and reusable way?`),cf(),Oa$1(302,`p`),DT(303,`This is where `),Oa$1(304,`strong`),DT(305,`custom metadata`),cf(),DT(306,` comes into play (see `),Oa$1(307,`a`,31),DT(308,`Reflection and metadata`),cf(),DT(309,`). Nest lets you attach custom `),Oa$1(310,`strong`),DT(311,`metadata`),cf(),DT(312,` to route handlers, either through decorators created with the static `),Oa$1(313,`code`),DT(314,`Reflector.createDecorator()`),cf(),DT(315,` method or through the built-in `),Oa$1(316,`code`),DT(317,`@SetMetadata()`),cf(),DT(318,` decorator.`),cf(),Oa$1(319,`p`),DT(320,`For example, let's create a `),Oa$1(321,`code`),DT(322,`@Roles()`),cf(),DT(323,` decorator with the `),Oa$1(324,`code`),DT(325,`Reflector.createDecorator()`),cf(),DT(326,` method that attaches the metadata to the handler. `),Oa$1(327,`code`),DT(328,`Reflector`),cf(),DT(329,` is provided by the framework out of the box and exported from the `),Oa$1(330,`code`),DT(331,`@nestjs/core`),cf(),DT(332,` package.`),cf(),Oa$1(333,`app-copy-button`,17)(334,`span`,18),DT(335),AT(336,`extension`),Za$1(337,`app-tabs`,null,7),cf(),Oa$1(339,`pre`)(340,`code`,32),DT(341,` 1089import { Reflector } from '@nestjs/core'; 1090 1091export const Roles = Reflector.createDecorator<string[]>(); 1092`),cf()()(),Oa$1(342,`p`),DT(343,`The `),Oa$1(344,`code`),DT(345,`Roles`),cf(),DT(346,` decorator is a function that takes a single argument of type `),Oa$1(347,`code`),DT(348,`string[]`),cf(),DT(349,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(350,`p`),DT(351,`To use this decorator, annotate the handler with it:`),cf(),Oa$1(352,`app-copy-button`,17)(353,`span`,18),DT(354),AT(355,`extension`),Za$1(356,`app-tabs`,null,8),cf(),Oa$1(358,`pre`)(359,`code`,19),DT(360,` 1093@Post() 1094@Roles(['admin']) 1095async create(@Body() createCatDto: CreateCatDto) { 1096 this.catsService.create(createCatDto); 1097} 1098`),cf()(),Oa$1(361,`pre`)(362,`code`,19),DT(363,` 1099@Post() 1100@Roles(['admin']) 1101@Bind(Body()) 1102async create(createCatDto) { 1103 this.catsService.create(createCatDto); 1104} 1105`),cf()()(),Oa$1(364,`p`),DT(365,`Here we've attached the `),Oa$1(366,`code`),DT(367,`Roles`),cf(),DT(368,` decorator metadata to the `),Oa$1(369,`code`),DT(370,`create()`),cf(),DT(371,` method, indicating that only users with the `),Oa$1(372,`code`),DT(373,`admin`),cf(),DT(374,` role should be allowed to access this route.`),cf(),Oa$1(375,`p`),DT(376,`Alternatively, instead of using the `),Oa$1(377,`code`),DT(378,`Reflector.createDecorator()`),cf(),DT(379,` method, you can use the built-in `),Oa$1(380,`code`),DT(381,`@SetMetadata()`),cf(),DT(382,` decorator. See the `),Oa$1(383,`a`,33),DT(384,`low-level approach`),cf(),DT(385,` to learn more.`),cf(),Oa$1(386,`h4`,34)(387,`span`),DT(388,`Putting it all together`),cf()(),Oa$1(389,`p`),DT(390,`Let's now tie this together with our `),Oa$1(391,`code`),DT(392,`RolesGuard`),cf(),DT(393,`. Currently, it returns `),Oa$1(394,`code`),DT(395,`true`),cf(),DT(396,` in all cases, allowing every request to proceed. We want to make the return value conditional, based on comparing the `),Oa$1(397,`strong`),DT(398,`roles assigned to the current user`),cf(),DT(399,` with the roles required by the route being processed. To access the route's role(s) (custom metadata), we use the `),Oa$1(400,`code`),DT(401,`Reflector`),cf(),DT(402,` class again, as follows:`),cf(),Oa$1(403,`app-copy-button`,17)(404,`span`,18),DT(405),AT(406,`extension`),Za$1(407,`app-tabs`,null,9),cf(),Oa$1(409,`pre`)(410,`code`,19),DT(411,` 1106import { Injectable, CanActivate, ExecutionContext } from '@nestjs/common'; 1107import { Reflector } from '@nestjs/core'; 1108import { Roles } from './roles.decorator.js'; 1109 1110@Injectable() 1111export class RolesGuard implements CanActivate { 1112 constructor(private reflector: Reflector) {} 1113 1114 canActivate(context: ExecutionContext): boolean { 1115 const roles = this.reflector.get(Roles, context.getHandler()); 1116 if (!roles) { 1117 return true; 1118 }
1119 const request = context.switchToHttp().getRequest(); 1120 const user = request.user; 1121 return matchRoles(roles, user.roles); 1122 } 1123} 1124`),cf()(),Oa$1(412,`pre`)(413,`code`,19),DT(414,` 1125import { Injectable, Dependencies } from '@nestjs/common'; 1126import { Reflector } from '@nestjs/core'; 1127import { Roles } from './roles.decorator.js'; 1128 1129@Injectable() 1130@Dependencies(Reflector) 1131export class RolesGuard { 1132 constructor(reflector) { 1133 this.reflector = reflector; 1134 } 1135 1136 canActivate(context) { 1137 const roles = this.reflector.get(Roles, context.getHandler()); 1138 if (!roles) { 1139 return true; 1140 } 1141 const request = context.switchToHttp().getRequest(); 1142 const user = request.user; 1143 return matchRoles(roles, user.roles); 1144 } 1145} 1146`),cf()()(),Oa$1(415,`blockquote`,15)(416,`strong`),DT(417,`Hint`),cf(),DT(418,` In Node.js applications, it's common practice to attach the authorized user to the `),Oa$1(419,`code`),DT(420,`request`),cf(),DT(421,` object. The sample above therefore assumes that `),Oa$1(422,`code`),DT(423,`request.user`),cf(),DT(424,` contains the user instance and its roles. In your app, you will probably make that association in a custom `),Oa$1(425,`strong`),DT(426,`authentication guard`),cf(),DT(427,` (or middleware). See the `),Oa$1(428,`a`,20),DT(429,`authentication`),cf(),DT(430,` chapter for more information on this topic. 1147`),cf(),Oa$1(431,`blockquote`,27)(432,`strong`),DT(433,`Warning`),cf(),DT(434,` The `),Oa$1(435,`code`),DT(436,`matchRoles()`),cf(),DT(437,` function is not provided by Nest. Its logic can be as simple or as sophisticated as your application requires; the point of this example is to show how guards fit into the request/response cycle. 1148`),cf(),Oa$1(438,`p`),DT(439,`See the `),Oa$1(440,`a`,31),DT(441,`Reflection and metadata`),cf(),DT(442,` section of the `),Oa$1(443,`strong`),DT(444,`Execution context`),cf(),DT(445,` chapter for more details on using `),Oa$1(446,`code`),DT(447,`Reflector`),cf(),DT(448,` in a context-sensitive way.`),cf(),Oa$1(449,`p`),DT(450,`When a user with insufficient privileges requests an endpoint, Nest automatically returns the following response:`),cf(),Oa$1(451,`pre`)(452,`code`,35),DT(453,` 1149{ 1150 "statusCode": 403, 1151 "message": "Forbidden resource", 1152 "error": "Forbidden" 1153} 1154`),cf()(),Oa$1(454,`p`),DT(455,`Behind the scenes, when a guard returns `),Oa$1(456,`code`),DT(457,`false`),cf(),DT(458,`, the framework throws a `),Oa$1(459,`code`),DT(460,`ForbiddenException`),cf(),DT(461,`. To return a different error response, throw your own exception instead. For example:`),cf(),Oa$1(462,`app-copy-button`)(463,`pre`)(464,`code`,19),DT(465,` 1155throw new UnauthorizedException(); 1156`),cf()()(),Oa$1(466,`p`),DT(467,`Any exception thrown by a guard is handled by the `),Oa$1(468,`a`,36),DT(469,`exceptions layer`),cf(),DT(470,` (the global exception filter and any exception filters applied to the current context).`),cf(),Oa$1(471,`blockquote`,15)(472,`strong`),DT(473,`Hint`),cf(),DT(474,` For a real-world example of how to implement authorization, see the `),Oa$1(475,`a`,21),DT(476,`authorization`),cf(),DT(477,` chapter. 1157`),cf()(),Oa$1(478,`a`,37),Za$1(479,`i`,38),Oa$1(480,`span`),DT(481,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()()),a&2){let l=QS(69),d=QS(168),m=QS(255),h=QS(338),u=QS(357),b=QS(408);UC(66),hf(` `,OT(67,22,`auth.guard`,l.isJsActive),` 1158`),UC(4),By(`hide`,l.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!l.isJsActive),UC(92),hf(` `,OT(166,25,`roles.guard`,d.isJsActive),` 1159`),UC(4),By(`hide`,d.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!d.isJsActive),UC(80),hf(` `,OT(253,28,`app.module`,m.isJsActive),` 1160`),UC(83),hf(` `,OT(336,31,`roles.decorator`,h.isJsActive),` 1161`),UC(19),hf(` `,OT(355,34,`cats.controller`,u.isJsActive),` 1162`),UC(4),By(`hide`,u.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!u.isJsActive),UC(44),hf(` `,OT(406,37,`roles.guard`,b.isJsActive),` 1163`),UC(4),By(`hide`,b.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!b.isJsActive)}},dependencies:[tu,xt,tn$1,u,l,g],encapsulation:2})}return o})();var $r=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-interceptors`]],features:[My],decls:537,vars:56,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[`appa87e96405ebd31f9788755a4ca00a574cfb434d4`,``],[`app8e417d339c429a8ac79ac69f19b5c31a64e42d2d`,``],[`app46594234993f71b4cf5cd4b79b674af9704fdf21`,``],[`app38944d443ac0407a54f1f5677590d4ce2700bf37`,``],[`app503459b0a0635fe62227fe3def3b6967da2edbe1`,``],[`app77500866ea5918216cb1c44b50fcef815b2ade3a`,``],[`app63ce919e3d2771f9009cd9366836b7449403cd36`,``],[`appa357021beb7221819addce1dc82a07400716591d`,``],[`app14bec0cec676eab6dcb2b4bef33c6fdac6367d07`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`interceptors`],[`src`,`/assets/Interceptors_1.png`,1,`illustrative-image`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect-oriented_programming`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`basics`],[`routerLink`,`/guards`],[`href`,`/exception-filters#arguments-host`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`execution-context`],[`routerLink`,`/fundamentals/execution-context`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`call-handler`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://github.com/ReactiveX
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1163cf(),Oa$1(123,`p`),DT(124,`Consider, for example, an incoming `),Oa$1(125,`code`),DT(126,`POST /cats`),cf(),DT(127,` request. This request is destined for the `),Oa$1(128,`code`),DT(129,`create()`),cf(),DT(130,` handler defined inside `),Oa$1(131,`code`),DT(132,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(133,`. If an interceptor that doesn't call `),Oa$1(134,`code`),DT(135,`handle()`),cf(),DT(136,` is invoked anywhere along the way, the `),Oa$1(137,`code`),DT(138,`create()`),cf(),DT(139,` method won't be executed. Once `),Oa$1(140,`code`),DT(141,`handle()`),cf(),DT(142,` is called and the `),Oa$1(143,`code`),DT(144,`Observable`),cf(),DT(145,` it returns is subscribed to (Nest subscribes to the stream your `),Oa$1(146,`code`),DT(147,`intercept()`),cf(),DT(148,` method returns), the `),Oa$1(149,`code`),DT(150,`create()`),cf(),DT(151,` handler is triggered. As the handler's result flows through the stream, you can apply additional operations to it before the final result is returned to the caller.`),cf(),Oa$1(152,`p`),Za$1(153,`app-banner-devtools`),cf(),Oa$1(154,`h4`,23)(155,`span`),DT(156,`Aspect interception`),cf()(),Oa$1(157,`p`),DT(158,`The first use case we'll look at is using an interceptor to log user interaction (e.g., storing user calls, asynchronously dispatching events, or calculating a timestamp). The following example shows a simple `),Oa$1(159,`code`),DT(160,`LoggingInterceptor`),cf(),DT(161,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(162,`app-copy-button`,24)(163,`span`,25),DT(164),AT(165,`extension`),Za$1(166,`app-tabs`,null,1),cf(),Oa$1(168,`pre`)(169,`code`,26),DT(170,` 1164import { Injectable, NestInterceptor, ExecutionContext, CallHandler } from '@nestjs/common'; 1165import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; 1166import { tap } from 'rxjs/operators'; 1167 1168@Injectable() 1169export class LoggingInterceptor implements NestInterceptor { 1170 intercept(context: ExecutionContext, next: CallHandler): Observable<any> { 1171 console.log('Before...'); 1172 1173 const now = Date.now(); 1174 return next 1175 .handle() 1176 .pipe( 1177 tap(() => console.log(\`After... \${Date.now() - now}ms\`)), 1178 ); 1179 } 1180} 1181`),cf()(),Oa$1(171,`pre`)(172,`code`,26),DT(173,` 1182import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 1183import { tap } from 'rxjs/operators'; 1184 1185@Injectable() 1186export class LoggingInterceptor { 1187 intercept(context, next) { 1188 console.log('Before...'); 1189 1190 const now = Date.now(); 1191 return next 1192 .handle() 1193 .pipe( 1194 tap(() => console.log(\`After... \${Date.now() - now}ms\`)), 1195 ); 1196 } 1197} 1198`),cf()()(),Oa$1(174,`blockquote`,27)(175,`strong`),DT(176,`Hint`),cf(),Oa$1(177,`code`),DT(178,`NestInterceptor<T, R>`),cf(),DT(179,` is a generic interface in which `),Oa$1(180,`code`),DT(181,`T`),cf(),DT(182,` is the type of the values emitted by the `),Oa$1(183,`code`),DT(184,`Observable<T>`),cf(),DT(185,` that `),Oa$1(186,`code`),DT(187,`next.handle()`),cf(),DT(188,` returns (the response stream), and `),Oa$1(189,`code`),DT(190,`R`),cf(),DT(191,` is the type of the values emitted by the `),Oa$1(192,`code`),DT(193,`Observable<R>`),cf(),DT(194,` that `),Oa$1(195,`code`),DT(196,`intercept()`),cf(),DT(197,` returns. 1199`),cf(),Oa$1(198,`blockquote`,28)(199,`strong`),DT(200,`Notice`),cf(),DT(201,` Interceptors, like controllers, providers, guards, and so on, can `),Oa$1(202,`strong`),DT(203,`inject dependencies`),cf(),DT(204,` through their `),Oa$1(205,`code`),DT(206,`constructor`),cf(),DT(207,`. 1200`),cf(),Oa$1(208,`p`),DT(209,`Since `),Oa$1(210,`code`),DT(211,`handle()`),cf(),DT(212,` returns an RxJS `),Oa$1(213,`code`),DT(214,`Observable`),cf(),DT(215,`, you can choose from a wide range of operators to manipulate the stream. The example above uses the `),Oa$1(216,`code`),DT(217,`tap()`),cf(),DT(218,` operator, which calls our logging function when the stream emits the route handler's result, without otherwise interfering with the response cycle. Note that this function is not called if the route handler throws; to run logic in that case as well, pass an observer object with an `),Oa$1(219,`code`),DT(220,`error`),cf(),DT(221,` callback to `),Oa$1(222,`code`),DT(223,`tap()`),cf(),DT(224,`, or use the `),Oa$1(225,`code`),DT(226,`finalize()`),cf(),DT(227,` operator.`),cf(),Oa$1(228,`blockquote`,27)(229,`strong`),DT(230,`Hint`),cf(),DT(231,` Timing a handler by hand, as above, is a minimal version of what an APM does. `),Oa$1(232,`a`,29),DT(233,`NestJS Observe`),cf(),DT(234,` records the same measurement for every controller, provider, and queue consumer, with no interceptor to write or bind. It also records the time each one spent on its own, with everything it awaited subtracted out. See the `),Oa$1(235,`a`,30),DT(236,`Observability`),cf(),DT(237,` chapter. 1201`),cf(),Oa$1(238,`h4`,31)(239,`span`),DT(240,`Binding interceptors`),cf()(),Oa$1(241,`p`),DT(242,`To set up the interceptor, use the `),Oa$1(243,`code`),DT(244,`@UseInterceptors()`),cf(),DT(245,` decorator. Like `),Oa$1(246,`a`,32),DT(247,`pipes`),cf(),DT(248,` and `),Oa$1(249,`a`,16),DT(250,`guards`),cf(),DT(251,`, interceptors can be controller-scoped, method-scoped, or global-scoped.`),cf(),Oa$1(252,`app-copy-button`,24)(253,`span`,25),DT(254),AT(255,`extension`),Za$1(256,`app-tabs`,null,2),cf(),Oa$1(258,`pre`)(259,`code`,26),DT(260,` 1202@UseInterceptors(LoggingInterceptor) 1203export class CatsController {} 1204`),cf()()(),Oa$1(261,`blockquote`,27)(262,`strong`),DT(263,`Hint`),cf(),DT(264,` The `),Oa$1(265,`code`),DT(266,`@UseInterceptors()`),cf(),DT(267,` decorator is imported from the `),Oa$1(268,`code`),DT(269,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(270,` package. 1205`),cf(),Oa$1(271,`p`),DT(272,`With the construction above, each route handler defined in `),Oa$1(273,`code`),DT(274,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(275,` uses `),Oa$1(276,`code`),DT(277,`LoggingInterceptor`),cf(),DT(278,`. When a client calls the `),Oa$1(279,`code`),DT(280,`GET /cats`),cf(),DT(281,` endpoint, you'll see the following in standard output:`),cf(),Oa$1(282,`app-copy-button`)(283,`pre`)(284,`code`,26),DT(285,` 1206Before... 1207After... 1ms 1208`),cf()()(),Oa$1(286,`p`),DT(287,`Note that we passed the `),Oa$1(288,`code`),DT(289,`LoggingInterceptor`),cf(),DT(290,` class (instead of an instance), leaving responsibility for instantiation to the framework and enabling dependency injection. As with pipes, guards, and exception filters, you can also pass an in-place instance:`),cf(),Oa$1(291,`app-copy-button`,24)(292,`span`,25),DT(293),AT(294,`extension`),Za$1(295,`app-tabs`,null,3),cf(),Oa$1(297,`pre`)(298,`code`,26),DT(299,` 1209@UseInterceptors(new LoggingInterceptor()) 1210export class CatsController {} 1211`),cf()()(),Oa$1(300,`p`),DT(301,`The construction above attaches the interceptor to every handler declared by this controller. To restrict the interceptor to a single method, apply the decorator at the `),Oa$1(302,`strong`),DT(303,`method level`),cf(),DT(304,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(305,`p`),DT(306,`To set up a global interceptor, use the `),Oa$1(307,`code`),DT(308,`useGlobalInterceptors()`),cf(),DT(309,` method of the Nest application instance:`),cf(),Oa$1(310,`app-copy-button`)(311,`pre`)(312,`code`,26),DT(313,` 1212const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule); 1213app.useGlobalInterceptors(new LoggingInterceptor()); 1214`),cf()()(),Oa$1(314,`p`),DT(315,`Global interceptors apply to every controller and every route handler in the application. However, a global interceptor registered outside of any module (with `),Oa$1(316,`code`),DT(317,`useGlobalInterceptors()`),cf(),DT(318,`, as in the example above) cannot inject dependencies, because the registration happens outside the context of any module. To solve this, register the interceptor `),Oa$1(319,`strong`),DT(320,`directly from any module`),cf(),DT(321,` using the following construction:`),cf(),Oa$1(322,`app-copy-button`,24)(323,`span`,25),DT(324),AT(325,`extension`),Za$1(326,`app-tabs`,null,4),cf(),Oa$1(328,`pre`)(329,`code`,26),DT(330,` 1215import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1216import { APP_INTERCEPTOR } from '@nestjs/core'; 1217 1218@Module({ 1219 providers: [ 1220 { 1221 provide: APP_INTERCEPTOR, 1222 useClass: LoggingInterceptor, 1223 }, 1224 ], 1225}) 1226export class AppModule {} 1227`),cf()()(),Oa$1(331,`blockquote`,27)(332,`strong`),DT(333,`Hint`),cf(),DT(334,` When you use this approach to perform dependency injection for the interceptor, the interceptor is global regardless of the module in which you register it. We recommend registering it in the module where the interceptor (`),Oa$1(335,`code`),DT(336,`LoggingInterceptor`),cf(),DT(337,` in the example above) is defined. Also, `),Oa$1(338,`code`),DT(339,`useClass`),cf(),DT(340,` is not the only way to register a custom provider. See `),Oa$1(341,`a`,33),DT(342,`Custom providers`),cf(),DT(343,` to learn more. 1228`),cf(),Oa$1(344,`h4`,34)(345,`span`),DT(346,`Response mapping`),cf()(),Oa$1(347,`p`),DT(348,`The stream returned by `),Oa$1(349,`code`),DT(350,`handle()`),cf(),DT(351,` contains the value `),Oa$1(352,`strong`),DT(353,`returned`),cf(),DT(354,` from the route handler, so you can transform it with RxJS's `),Oa$1(355,`code`),DT(356,`map()`),cf(),DT(357,` operator.`),cf(),Oa$1(358,`blockquote`,28)(359,`strong`),DT(360,`Warning`),cf(),DT(361,` Response mapping doesn't work with the library-specific response strategy, i.e., when a route handler injects the response object with `),Oa$1(362,`code`),DT(363,`@Res()`),cf(),DT(364,` and sends the response itself. To combine the two, enable the `),Oa$1(365,`code`),DT(366,`passthrough`),cf(),DT(367,` option (see `),Oa$1(368,`a`,35),DT(369,`Library-specific approach`),cf(),DT(370,`). 1229`),cf(),Oa$1(371,`p`),DT(372,`Let's create a `),Oa$1(373,`code`),DT(374,`TransformInterceptor`),cf(),DT(375,` that modifies each response in a trivial way to demonstrate the process. It uses RxJS's `),Oa$1(376,`code`),DT(377,`map()`),cf(),DT(378,` operator to assign the response object to the `),Oa$1(379,`code`),DT(380,`data`),cf(),DT(381,` property of a newly created object, and returns the new object to the client.`),cf(),Oa$1(382,`app-copy-button`,24)(383,`span`,25),DT(384),AT(385,`extension`),Za$1(386,`app-tabs`,null,5),cf(),Oa$1(388,`pre`)(389,`code`,26),DT(390,` 1230import { Injectable, NestInterceptor, ExecutionContext, CallHandler } from '@nestjs/common'; 1231import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; 1232import { map } from 'rxjs/operators'; 1233 1234export interface Response<T> { 1235 data: T; 1236} 1237 1238@Injectable() 1239export class TransformInterceptor<T> implements NestInterceptor<T, Response<T>> { 1240 intercept(context: ExecutionContext, next: CallHandler): Observable<Response<T>> { 1241 return next.handle().pipe(map(data => ({ data }))); 1242 } 1243} 1244`),cf()(),Oa$1(391,`pre`)(392,`code`,26),DT(393,` 1245import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 1246import { map } from 'rxjs/operators'; 1247 1248@Injectable() 1249export class TransformInterceptor { 1250 intercept(context, next) { 1251 return next.handle().pipe(map(data => ({ data }))); 1252 } 1253} 1254`),cf()()(),Oa$1(394,`blockquote`,27)(395,`strong`),DT(396,`Hint`),cf(),DT(397,` The `),Oa$1(398,`code`),DT(399,`intercept()`),cf(),DT(400,` method can be synchronous or asynchronous. Declare it `),Oa$1(401,`code`),DT(402,`async`),cf(),DT(403,` if you need to await something before returning the stream. 1255`),cf(),Oa$1(404,`p`),DT(405,`With this interceptor bound, a `),Oa$1(406,`code`),DT(407,`GET /cats`),cf(),DT(408,` request whose route handler returns an empty array `),Oa$1(409,`code`),DT(410,`[]`),cf(),DT(411,` produces the following response:`),cf(),Oa$1(412,`pre`)(413,`code`,36),DT(414,` 1256{ 1257 "data": [] 1258} 1259`),cf()(),Oa$1(415,`p`),DT(416,`Interceptors are well suited to building reusable solutions for requirements that span the entire application. For example, imagine you need to replace every `),Oa$1(417,`code`),DT(418,`null`),cf(),DT(419,` response value with an empty string `),Oa$1(420,`code`),DT(421,`''`),cf(),DT(422,`. You can do this with one line of code, and bind the interceptor globally so that every registered handler uses it automatically.`),cf(),Oa$1(423,`app-copy-button`,24)(424,`span`,25),Za$1(425,`app-tabs`,null,6),cf(),Oa$1(427,`pre`)(428,`code`,26),DT(429,` 1260import { Injectable, NestInterceptor, ExecutionContext, CallHandler } from '@nestjs/common'; 1261import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; 1262import { map } from 'rxjs/operators'; 1263 1264@Injectable() 1265export class ExcludeNullInterceptor implements NestInterceptor { 1266 intercept(context: ExecutionContext, next: CallHandler): Observable<any> { 1267 return next 1268 .handle() 1269 .pipe(map(value => value === null ? '' : value )); 1270 } 1271} 1272`),cf()(),Oa$1(430,`pre`)(431,`code`,26),DT(432,` 1273import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 1274import { map } from 'rxjs/operators'; 1275 1276@Injectable() 1277export class ExcludeNullInterceptor { 1278 intercept(context, next) { 1279 return next 1280 .handle() 1281 .pipe(map(value => value === null ? '' : value )); 1282 } 1283} 1284`),cf()()(),Oa$1(433,`h4`,37)(434,`span`),DT(435,`Exception mapping`),cf()(),Oa$1(436,`p`),DT(437,`Another use case is overriding thrown exceptions with RxJS's `),Oa$1(438,`code`),DT(439,`catchError()`),cf(),DT(440,` operator:`),cf(),Oa$1(441,`app-copy-button`,24)(442,`span`,25),DT(443),AT(444,`extension`),Za$1(445,`app-tabs`,null,7),cf(),Oa$1(447,`pre`)(448,`code`,26),DT(449,` 1285import { 1286 Injectable, 1287 NestInterceptor, 1288 ExecutionContext, 1289 BadGatewayException, 1290 CallHandler, 1291} from '@nestjs/common'; 1292import { Observable, throwError } from 'rxjs'; 1293import { catchError } from 'rxjs/operators'; 1294 1295@Injectable() 1296export class ErrorsInterceptor implements NestInterceptor { 1297 intercept(context: ExecutionContext, next: CallHandler): Observable<any> { 1298 return next 1299 .handle() 1300 .pipe( 1301 catchError(err => throwError(() => new BadGatewayException())), 1302 ); 1303 } 1304} 1305`),cf()(),Oa$1(450,`pre`)(451,`code`,26),DT(452,` 1306import { Injectable, BadGatewayException } from '@nestjs/common'; 1307import { throwError } from 'rxjs'; 1308import { catchError } from 'rxjs/operators'; 1309 1310@Injectable() 1311export class ErrorsInterceptor { 1312 intercept(context, next) { 1313 return next 1314 .handle() 1315 .pipe( 1316 catchError(err => throwError(() => new BadGatewayException())), 1317 ); 1318 } 1319} 1320`),cf()()(),Oa$1(453,`h4`,38)(454,`span`),DT(455,`Stream overriding`),cf()(),Oa$1(456,`p`),DT(457,`Sometimes you may want to skip calling the handler entirely and return a different value instead. A typical example is a cache that improves response time. Let's look at a simple `),Oa$1(458,`strong`),DT(459,`cache interceptor`),cf(),DT(460,` that returns its response from a cache. A realistic implementation would also need to consider factors such as TTL, cache invalidation, and cache size, which are beyond the scope of this discu
1320ssion. The following basic example demonstrates the main concept.`),cf(),Oa$1(461,`app-copy-button`,24)(462,`span`,25),DT(463),AT(464,`extension`),Za$1(465,`app-tabs`,null,8),cf(),Oa$1(467,`pre`)(468,`code`,26),DT(469,` 1321import { Injectable, NestInterceptor, ExecutionContext, CallHandler } from '@nestjs/common'; 1322import { Observable, of } from 'rxjs'; 1323 1324@Injectable() 1325export class CacheInterceptor implements NestInterceptor { 1326 intercept(context: ExecutionContext, next: CallHandler): Observable<any> { 1327 const isCached = true; 1328 if (isCached) { 1329 return of([]); 1330 } 1331 return next.handle(); 1332 } 1333} 1334`),cf()(),Oa$1(470,`pre`)(471,`code`,26),DT(472,` 1335import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 1336import { of } from 'rxjs'; 1337 1338@Injectable() 1339export class CacheInterceptor { 1340 intercept(context, next) { 1341 const isCached = true; 1342 if (isCached) { 1343 return of([]); 1344 } 1345 return next.handle(); 1346 } 1347} 1348`),cf()()(),Oa$1(473,`p`),DT(474,`Our `),Oa$1(475,`code`),DT(476,`CacheInterceptor`),cf(),DT(477,` has a hardcoded `),Oa$1(478,`code`),DT(479,`isCached`),cf(),DT(480,` variable and a hardcoded response `),Oa$1(481,`code`),DT(482,`[]`),cf(),DT(483,`. The key point is that it returns a new stream, created by RxJS's `),Oa$1(484,`code`),DT(485,`of()`),cf(),DT(486,` function, so the route handler `),Oa$1(487,`strong`),DT(488,`won't be called`),cf(),DT(489,` at all. When someone calls an endpoint that uses `),Oa$1(490,`code`),DT(491,`CacheInterceptor`),cf(),DT(492,`, the response (a hardcoded, empty array) is returned immediately. To build a generic solution, use `),Oa$1(493,`code`),DT(494,`Reflector`),cf(),DT(495,` together with a custom decorator, as described in the `),Oa$1(496,`a`,16),DT(497,`guards`),cf(),DT(498,` chapter.`),cf(),Oa$1(499,`h4`,39)(500,`span`),DT(501,`More operators`),cf()(),Oa$1(502,`p`),DT(503,`Manipulating the stream with RxJS operators opens up many possibilities. Consider another common use case: handling `),Oa$1(504,`strong`),DT(505,`timeouts`),cf(),DT(506,` on route requests. If an endpoint doesn't return anything within a given period, you want to terminate the request with an error response. The following construction enables this:`),cf(),Oa$1(507,`app-copy-button`,24)(508,`span`,25),DT(509),AT(510,`extension`),Za$1(511,`app-tabs`,null,9),cf(),Oa$1(513,`pre`)(514,`code`,26),DT(515,` 1349import { Injectable, NestInterceptor, ExecutionContext, CallHandler, RequestTimeoutException } from '@nestjs/common'; 1350import { Observable, throwError, TimeoutError } from 'rxjs'; 1351import { catchError, timeout } from 'rxjs/operators'; 1352 1353@Injectable() 1354export class TimeoutInterceptor implements NestInterceptor { 1355 intercept(context: ExecutionContext, next: CallHandler): Observable<any> { 1356 return next.handle().pipe( 1357 timeout(5000), 1358 catchError(err => { 1359 if (err instanceof TimeoutError) { 1360 return throwError(() => new RequestTimeoutException()); 1361 } 1362 return throwError(() => err); 1363 }), 1364 ); 1365 } 1366} 1367`),cf()(),Oa$1(516,`pre`)(517,`code`,26),DT(518,` 1368import { Injectable, RequestTimeoutException } from '@nestjs/common'; 1369import { throwError, TimeoutError } from 'rxjs'; 1370import { catchError, timeout } from 'rxjs/operators'; 1371 1372@Injectable() 1373export class TimeoutInterceptor { 1374 intercept(context, next) { 1375 return next.handle().pipe( 1376 timeout(5000), 1377 catchError(err => { 1378 if (err instanceof TimeoutError) { 1379 return throwError(() => new RequestTimeoutException()); 1380 } 1381 return throwError(() => err); 1382 }), 1383 ); 1384 } 1385} 1386`),cf()()(),Oa$1(519,`p`),DT(520,`If the route handler doesn't emit a result within 5 seconds, `),Oa$1(521,`code`),DT(522,`timeout()`),cf(),DT(523,` fails the stream with a `),Oa$1(524,`code`),DT(525,`TimeoutError`),cf(),DT(526,`, which the interceptor maps to a `),Oa$1(527,`code`),DT(528,`RequestTimeoutException`),cf(),DT(529,`. Unsubscribing from the handler's stream doesn't abort work the handler has already started (such as a pending database query), so add custom logic before throwing `),Oa$1(530,`code`),DT(531,`RequestTimeoutException`),cf(),DT(532,` if you need to release resources.`),cf()(),Oa$1(533,`a`,40),Za$1(534,`i`,41),Oa$1(535,`span`),DT(536,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()()),a&2){let l=QS(167),d=QS(257),m=QS(296),h=QS(327),u=QS(387),b=QS(426),S=QS(446),k=QS(466),C=QS(512);UC(164),hf(` `,OT(165,32,`logging.interceptor`,l.isJsActive),` 1387`),UC(4),By(`hide`,l.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!l.isJsActive),UC(83),hf(` `,OT(255,35,`cats.controller`,d.isJsActive),`
1388`),UC(39),hf(` `,OT(294,38,`cats.controller`,m.isJsActive),` 1389`),UC(31),hf(` `,OT(325,41,`app.module`,h.isJsActive),` 1390`),UC(60),hf(` `,OT(385,44,`transform.interceptor`,u.isJsActive),` 1391`),UC(4),By(`hide`,u.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!u.isJsActive),UC(36),By(`hide`,b.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!b.isJsActive),UC(13),hf(` `,OT(444,47,`errors.interceptor`,S.isJsActive),` 1392`),UC(4),By(`hide`,S.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!S.isJsActive),UC(13),hf(` `,OT(464,50,`cache.interceptor`,k.isJsActive),` 1393`),UC(4),By(`hide`,k.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!k.isJsActive),UC(39),hf(` `,OT(510,53,`timeout.interceptor`,C.isJsActive),` 1394`),UC(4),By(`hide`,C.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!C.isJsActive)}},dependencies:[xt,tu,s,tn$1,u,g],encapsulation:2})}return o})();var Xr=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-introduction`]],features:[My],decls:114,vars:0,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`introduction`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://nodejs.org/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.typescriptlang.org/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://expressjs.com/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://github.com/fastify/fastify`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`philosophy`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://angular.dev/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://github.com/facebook/react`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://github.com/vuejs/core`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`installation`],[`routerLink`,`/cli/overview`],[`href`,`#alternatives`],[`routerLink`,`/first-steps`],[1,`language-bash`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`alternatives`],[1,`info`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://github.com/Rich-Harris/degit`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`http://localhost:3000/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://dev.to/micalevisk/5-steps-to-create-a-bare-minimum-nestjs-app-from-scratch-5c3b`],[`href`,`https://github.com/nestjs/docs.nestjs.com/edit/master/content/introduction.md`,`target`,`_blank`,`rel`,`noopener`,1,`github-links`],[`aria-hidden`,`true`,1,`ph`,`ph-pencil-simple-line`]],template:function(a,s){a&1&&(Oa$1(0,`div`,1,0)(2,`div`,2)(3,`h3`,3),DT(4,`Introduction`),cf(),Oa$1(5,`p`),DT(6,`Nest (NestJS) is a framework for building efficient, scalable `),Oa$1(7,`a`,4),DT(8,`Node.js`),cf(),DT(9,` server-side applications. It uses progressive JavaScript, is built with and fully supports `),Oa$1(10,`a`,5),DT(11,`TypeScript`),cf(),DT(12,` (while still letting you write plain JavaScript), and combines elements of OOP (object-oriented programming), FP (functional programming), and FRP (functional reactive programming).`),cf(),Oa$1(13,`p`),DT(14,`Under the hood, Nest uses robust HTTP server frameworks such as `),Oa$1(15,`a`,6),DT(16,`Express`),cf(),DT(17,` (the default), and can optionally be configured to use `),Oa$1(18,`a`,7),DT(19,`Fastify`),cf(),DT(20,` instead.`),cf(),Oa$1(21,`p`),DT(22,`Nest provides a level of abstraction above these common Node.js frameworks (Express and Fastify), but also exposes their APIs directly to the developer. This gives you the freedom to use the myriad third-party modules available for the underlying platform.`),cf(),Oa$1(23,`h4`,8)(24,`span`),DT(25,`Philosophy`),cf()(),Oa$1(26,`p`),DT(27,`In recent years, thanks to Node.js, JavaScript has become the "lingua franca" of the web for both frontend and backend applications. This has given rise to projects like `),Oa$1(28,`a`,9),DT(29,`Angular`),cf(),DT(30,`, `),Oa$1(31,`a`,10),DT(32,`React`),cf(),DT(33,`, and `),Oa$1(34,`a`,11),DT(35,`Vue`),cf(),DT(36,`, which improve developer productivity and enable the creation of fast, testable, and extensible frontend applications. However, while plenty of excellent libraries, helpers, and tools exist for Node.js (and server-side JavaScript), none of them effectively solves the main problem of `),Oa$1(37,`strong`),DT(38,`architecture`),cf(),DT(39,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(40,`p`),DT(41,`Nest provides an out-of-the-box application architecture that lets developers and team
1394s create highly testable, scalable, loosely coupled, and maintainable applications. The architecture is heavily inspired by Angular.`),cf(),Oa$1(42,`h4`,12)(43,`span`),DT(44,`Installation`),cf()(),Oa$1(45,`p`),DT(46,`To get started, you can either scaffold the project with the `),Oa$1(47,`a`,13),DT(48,`Nest CLI`),cf(),DT(49,` or `),Oa$1(50,`a`,14),DT(51,`clone a starter project`),cf(),DT(52,`. Both produce the same outcome.`),cf(),Oa$1(53,`p`),DT(54,`To scaffold the project with the Nest CLI, run the following commands. They create a new project directory and populate it with the initial core Nest files and supporting modules, giving your project a conventional base structure. We recommend the `),Oa$1(55,`strong`),DT(56,`Nest CLI`),cf(),DT(57,` for first-time users, and the `),Oa$1(58,`a`,15),DT(59,`First steps`),cf(),DT(60,` chapter continues with this approach.`),cf(),Oa$1(61,`pre`)(62,`code`,16),DT(63,` 1395$ npm i -g @nestjs/cli 1396$ nest new project-name 1397`),cf()(),Oa$1(64,`h4`,17)(65,`span`),DT(66,`Alternatives`),cf()(),Oa$1(67,`p`),DT(68,`Alternatively, you can install the TypeScript starter project with `),Oa$1(69,`strong`),DT(70,`Git`),cf(),DT(71,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(72,`pre`)(73,`code`,16),DT(74,` 1398$ git clone https://github.com/nestjs/typescript-starter.git project 1399$ cd project 1400$ npm install 1401$ npm run start 1402`),cf()(),Oa$1(75,`blockquote`,18)(76,`strong`),DT(77,`Hint`),cf(),DT(78,` To clone the repository without its Git history, use `),Oa$1(79,`a`,19),DT(80,`degit`),cf(),DT(81,`. 1403`),cf(),Oa$1(82,`p`),DT(83,`Open your browser and navigate to `),Oa$1(84,`a`,20)(85,`code`),DT(86,`http://localhost:3000/`),cf()(),DT(87,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(88,`p`),DT(89,`To install the JavaScript flavor of the starter project, use `),Oa$1(90,`code`),DT(91,`javascript-starter.git`),cf(),DT(92,` in the command sequence above.`),cf(),Oa$1(93,`p`),DT(94,`You can also start a new project from scratch by installing the core and supporting packages yourself. In that case, you need to set up the project boilerplate files on your own. At a minimum, you need these dependencies: `),Oa$1(95,`code`),DT(96,`@nestjs/core`),cf(),DT(97,`, `),Oa$1(98,`code`),DT(99,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(100,`, `),Oa$1(101,`code`),DT(102,`rxjs`),cf(),DT(103,`, and `),Oa$1(104,`code`),DT(105,`reflect-metadata`),cf(),DT(106,`. 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Middleware functions have access to the `),Oa$1(10,`a`,13),DT(11,`request`),cf(),DT(12,` and `),Oa$1(13,`a`,14),DT(14,`response`),cf(),DT(15,` objects, and to the `),Oa$1(16,`code`),DT(17,`next()`),cf(),DT(18,` middleware function in the application's request-response cycle. The `),Oa$1(19,`strong`),DT(20,`next`),cf(),DT(21,` middleware function is commonly denoted by a variable named `),Oa$1(22,`code`),DT(23,`next`),cf(),DT(24,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(25,`figure`),Za$1(26,`img`,15),cf(),Oa$1(27,`p`),DT(28,`By default, Nest middleware is equivalent to `),Oa$1(29,`a`,16),DT(30,`Express`),cf(),DT(31,` middleware. The official Express documentation describes the capabilities of middleware as follows:`),cf(),Oa$1(32,`blockquote`,17),DT(33,` Middleware functions can perform the following tasks: `),Oa$1(34,`ul`)(35,`li`),DT(36,`execute any code.`),cf(),Oa$1(37,`li`),DT(38,`make changes to the request and the response objects.`),cf(),Oa$1(39,`li`),DT(40,`end the request-response cycle.`),cf(),Oa$1(41,`li`),DT(42,`call the next middleware function in the stack.`),cf(),Oa$1(43,`li`),DT(44,`if the current middleware function does not end the request-response cycle, it must call `),Oa$1(45,`code`),DT(46,`next()`),cf(),DT(47,` to pass control to the next middleware function. Otherwise, the request will be left hanging.`),cf()()(),Oa$1(48,`p`),DT(49,`You implement custom Nest middleware either as a function or as a class with the `),Oa$1(50,`code`),DT(51,`@Injectable()`),cf(),DT(52,` decorator. A class should implement the `),Oa$1(53,`code`),DT(54,`NestMiddleware`),cf(),DT(55,` interface, while a function has no special requirements. Let's start by implementing a simple middleware class.`),cf(),Oa$1(56,`blockquote`,18)(57,`strong`),DT(58,`Warning`),cf(),DT(59,` Express and Fastify handle middleware differently and provide different method signatures. See the `),Oa$1(60,`a`,19),DT(61,`Performance (Fastify)`),cf(),DT(62,` chapter for details. 1404`),cf(),Oa$1(63,`app-copy-button`,20)(64,`span`,21),DT(65),AT(66,`extension`),Za$1(67,`app-tabs`,null,1),cf(),Oa$1(69,`pre`)(70,`code`,22),DT(71,` 1405import { Injectable, NestMiddleware } from '@nestjs/common'; 1406import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express'; 1407 1408@Injectable() 1409export class LoggerMiddleware implements NestMiddleware { 1410 use(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) { 1411 console.log('Request...'); 1412 next(); 1413 } 1414} 1415`),cf()(),Oa$1(72,`pre`)(73,`code`,22),DT(74,` 1416import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 1417 1418@Injectable() 1419export class LoggerMiddleware { 1420 use(req, res, next) { 1421 console.log('Request...'); 1422 next(); 1423 } 1424} 1425`),cf()()(),Oa$1(75,`h4`,23)(76,`span`),DT(77,`Dependency injection`),cf()(),Oa$1(78,`p`),DT(79,`Nest middleware fully supports depen
1425dency injection. Like providers and controllers, middleware classes can `),Oa$1(80,`strong`),DT(81,`inject dependencies`),cf(),DT(82,` that are available within the same module. As usual, dependencies are injected through the `),Oa$1(83,`code`),DT(84,`constructor`),cf(),DT(85,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(86,`h4`,24)(87,`span`),DT(88,`Applying middleware`),cf()(),Oa$1(89,`p`),DT(90,`Middleware is not registered in the `),Oa$1(91,`code`),DT(92,`@Module()`),cf(),DT(93,` decorator. Instead, you set it up in the `),Oa$1(94,`code`),DT(95,`configure()`),cf(),DT(96,` method of the module class. Modules that include middleware must implement the `),Oa$1(97,`code`),DT(98,`NestModule`),cf(),DT(99,` interface. Let's set up the `),Oa$1(100,`code`),DT(101,`LoggerMiddleware`),cf(),DT(102,` at the `),Oa$1(103,`code`),DT(104,`AppModule`),cf(),DT(105,` level.`),cf(),Oa$1(106,`app-copy-button`,20)(107,`span`,21),DT(108),AT(109,`extension`),Za$1(110,`app-tabs`,null,2),cf(),Oa$1(112,`pre`)(113,`code`,22),DT(114,` 1426import { Module, NestModule, MiddlewareConsumer } from '@nestjs/common'; 1427import { LoggerMiddleware } from './common/middleware/logger.middleware.js'; 1428import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module.js'; 1429 1430@Module({ 1431 imports: [CatsModule], 1432}) 1433export class AppModule implements NestModule { 1434 configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) { 1435 consumer 1436 .apply(LoggerMiddleware) 1437 .forRoutes('cats'); 1438 } 1439} 1440`),cf()(),Oa$1(115,`pre`)(116,`code`,22),DT(117,` 1441import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1442import { LoggerMiddleware } from './common/middleware/logger.middleware.js'; 1443import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module.js'; 1444 1445@Module({ 1446 imports: [CatsModule], 1447}) 1448export class AppModule { 1449 configure(consumer) { 1450 consumer 1451 .apply(LoggerMiddleware) 1452 .forRoutes('cats'); 1453 } 1454} 1455`),cf()()(),Oa$1(118,`p`),DT(119,`In the example above, the `),Oa$1(120,`code`),DT(121,`LoggerMiddleware`),cf(),DT(122,` is applied to the `),Oa$1(123,`code`),DT(124,`/cats`),cf(),DT(125,` route handlers defined in the `),Oa$1(126,`code`),DT(127,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(128,`. To restrict middleware to a particular request method, pass an object c
1455ontaining the route `),Oa$1(129,`code`),DT(130,`path`),cf(),DT(131,` and the request `),Oa$1(132,`code`),DT(133,`method`),cf(),DT(134,` to the `),Oa$1(135,`code`),DT(136,`forRoutes()`),cf(),DT(137,` method. The example below imports the `),Oa$1(138,`code`),DT(139,`RequestMethod`),cf(),DT(140,` enum to reference the desired request method.`),cf(),Oa$1(141,`app-copy-button`,20)(142,`span`,21),DT(143),AT(144,`extension`),Za$1(145,`app-tabs`,null,3),cf(),Oa$1(147,`pre`)(148,`code`,22),DT(149,` 1456import { Module, NestModule, RequestMethod, MiddlewareConsumer } from '@nestjs/common'; 1457import { LoggerMiddleware } from './common/middleware/logger.middleware.js'; 1458import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module.js'; 1459 1460@Module({ 1461 imports: [CatsModule], 1462}) 1463export class AppModule implements NestModule { 1464 configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) { 1465 consumer 1466 .apply(LoggerMiddleware) 1467 .forRoutes({ path: 'cats', method: RequestMethod.GET }); 1468 } 1469} 1470`),cf()(),Oa$1(150,`pre`)(151,`code`,22),DT(152,` 1471import { Module, RequestMethod } from '@nestjs/common'; 1472import { LoggerMiddleware } from './common/middleware/logger.middleware.js'; 1473import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module.js'; 1474 1475@Module({ 1476 imports: [CatsModule], 1477}) 1478export class AppModule { 1479 configure(consumer) { 1480 consumer 1481 .apply(LoggerMiddleware) 1482 .forRoutes({ path: 'cats', method: RequestMethod.GET }); 1483 } 1484} 1485`),cf()()(),Oa$1(153,`blockquote`,25)(154,`strong`),DT(155,`Hint`),cf(),DT(156,` The `),Oa$1(157,`code`),DT(158,`configure()`),cf(),DT(159,` method can be asynchronous. Declare it with `),Oa$1(160,`code`),DT(161,`async`),cf(),DT(162,` to `),Oa$1(163,`code`),DT(164,`await`),cf(),DT(165,` the completion of an asynchronous operation inside the method body. 1486`),cf(),Oa$1(166,`blockquote`,18)(167,`strong`),DT(168,`Warning`),cf(),DT(169,` With the Express adapter, Nest registers the `),Oa$1(170,`code`),DT(171,`json`),cf(),DT(172,` and `),Oa$1(173,`code`),DT(174,`urlencoded`),cf(),DT(175,` body parsers (`),Oa$1(176,`code`),DT(177,`express.json()`),cf(),DT(178,` and `),Oa$1(179,`code`),DT(180,`express.urlencoded()`),cf(),DT(181,`) by default. To customize these parsers through the `),Oa$1(182,`code`),DT(183,`MiddlewareConsumer`),cf(),DT(184,`, disable the defaults by setting the `),Oa$1(185,`code`),DT(186,`bodyParser`),cf(),DT(187,` option to `),Oa$1(188,`code`),DT(189,`false`),cf(),DT(190,` when creating the application with `),Oa$1(191,`code`),DT(192,`NestFactory.create()`),cf(),DT(193,`. 1487`),cf(),Oa$1(194,`h4`,26)(195,`span`),DT(196,`Route wildcards`),cf()(),Oa$1(197,`p`),DT(198,`Middleware also supports pattern-based routes. For example, the named wildcard (`),Oa$1(199,`code`),DT(200,`*splat`),cf(),DT(201,`) matches any combination of characters in a route. In the following example, the middleware runs for any route that starts with `),Oa$1(202,`code`),DT(203,`abcd/`),cf(),DT(204,`, regardless of how many characters follow.`),cf(),Oa$1(205,`app-copy-button`)(206,`pre`)(207,`code`,22),DT(208,` 1488forRoutes({ 1489 path: 'abcd/*splat', 1490 method: RequestMethod.ALL, 1491}); 1492`),cf()()(),Oa$1(209,`blockquote`,25)(210,`strong`),DT(211,`Hint`),cf(),Oa$1(212,`code`),DT(213,`splat`),cf(),DT(214,` is only the name of the wildcard parameter and has no special meaning. You can use any name, e.g., `),Oa$1(215,`code`),DT(216,`*wildcard`),cf(),DT(217,`. 1493`),cf(),Oa$1(218,`p`),DT(219,`The `),Oa$1(220,`code`),DT(221,`'abcd/*splat'`),cf(),DT(222,` route path matches `),Oa$1(223,`code`),DT(224,`abcd/1`),cf(),DT(225,`, `),Oa$1(226,`code`),DT(227,`abcd/123`),cf(),DT(228,`, `),Oa$1(229,`code`),DT(230,`abcd/abc`),cf(),DT(231,`, and so on. String-based paths interpret the hyphen (`),Oa$1(232,`code`),DT(233,`-`),cf(),DT(234,`) and the dot (`),Oa$1(235,`code`),DT(236,`.`),cf(),DT(237,`) literally. However, `),Oa$1(238,`code`),DT(239,`abcd/`),cf(),DT(240,` with no additional characters does not match. To match it as well, wrap the wildcard in braces to make it optional:`),cf(),Oa$1(241,`app-copy-button`)(242,`pre`)(243,`code`,22),DT(244,` 1494forRoutes({ 1495 path: 'abcd/{*splat}', 1496 method: RequestMethod.ALL, 1497}); 1498`),cf()()(),Oa$1(245,`h4`,27)(246,`span`),DT(247,`Middleware consumer`),cf()(),Oa$1(248,`p`),DT(249,`The `),Oa$1(250,`code`),DT(251,`MiddlewareConsumer`),cf(),DT(252,` is a helper class that provides several built-in methods to manage middleware. All of them can be `),Oa$1(253,`strong`),DT(254,`chained`),cf(),DT(255,` in the `),Oa$1(256,`a`,28),DT(257,`fluent style`),cf(),DT(258,`. The `),Oa$1(259,`
1498code`),DT(260,`forRoutes()`),cf(),DT(261,` method accepts a single string, multiple strings, a `),Oa$1(262,`code`),DT(263,`RouteInfo`),cf(),DT(264,` object, a controller class, or multiple controller classes. In most cases, you'll pass a comma-separated list of `),Oa$1(265,`strong`),DT(266,`controllers`),cf(),DT(267,`. Below is an example with a single controller:`),cf(),Oa$1(268,`app-copy-button`,20)(269,`span`,21),DT(270),AT(271,`extension`),Za$1(272,`app-tabs`,null,4),cf(),Oa$1(274,`pre`)(275,`code`,22),DT(276,` 1499import { Module, NestModule, MiddlewareConsumer } from '@nestjs/common'; 1500import { LoggerMiddleware } from './common/middleware/logger.middleware.js'; 1501import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module.js'; 1502import { CatsController } from './cats/cats.controller.js'; 1503 1504@Module({ 1505 imports: [CatsModule], 1506}) 1507export class AppModule implements NestModule { 1508 configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) { 1509 consumer 1510 .apply(LoggerMiddleware) 1511 .forRoutes(CatsController); 1512 } 1513} 1514`),cf()(),Oa$1(277,`pre`)(278,`code`,22),DT(279,` 1515import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1516import { LoggerMiddleware } from './common/middleware/logger.middleware.js'; 1517import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module.js'; 1518import { CatsController } from './cats/cats.controller.js'; 1519 1520@Module({ 1521 imports: [CatsModule], 1522}) 1523export class AppModule { 1524 configure(consumer) { 1525 consumer 1526 .apply(LoggerMiddleware) 1527 .forRoutes(CatsController); 1528 } 1529} 1530`),cf()()(),Oa$1(280,`blockquote`,25)(281,`strong`),DT(282,`Hint`),cf(),DT(283,` The `),Oa$1(284,`code`),DT(285,`apply()`),cf(),DT(286,` method accepts either a single middleware or multiple arguments to specify `),Oa$1(287,`a`,29),DT(288,`multiple middleware`),cf(),DT(289,`. 1531`),cf(),Oa$1(290,`h4`,30)(291,`span`),DT(292,`Excluding routes`),cf()(),Oa$1(293,`p`),DT(294,`To `),Oa$1(295,`strong`),DT(296,`exclude`),cf(),DT(297,` certain routes from having middleware applied, use the `),Oa$1(298,`code`),DT(299,`exclude()`),cf(),DT(300,` method. It accepts a single string, multiple strings, or a `),Oa$1(301,`code`),DT(302,`RouteInfo`),cf(),DT(303,` object that identifies the routes to exclude:`),cf(),Oa$1(304,`app-copy-button`)(305,`pre`)(306,`code`,22),DT(307,` 1532consumer 1533 .apply(LoggerMiddleware) 1534 .exclude( 1535 { path: 'cats', method: RequestMethod.GET }, 1536 { path: 'cats', method: RequestMethod.POST }, 1537 'cats/{*splat}', 1538 ) 1539 .forRoutes(CatsController); 1540`),cf()()(),Oa$1(308,`p`),DT(309,`With the example above, `),Oa$1(310,`code`),DT(311,`LoggerMiddleware`),cf(),DT(312,` is bound to all routes defined inside `),Oa$1(313,`code`),DT(314,`CatsController`),cf(),Oa$1(315,`strong`),DT(316,`except`),cf(),DT(317,` those matching the three entries passed to the `),Oa$1(318,`code`),DT(319,`exclude()`),cf(),DT(320,` method.`),cf(),Oa$1(321,`blockquote`,25)(322,`strong`),DT(323,`Hint`),cf(),DT(324,` The `),Oa$1(325,`code`),DT(326,`exclude()`),cf(),DT(327,` method supports wildcard parameters using the `),Oa$1(328,`a`,31),DT(329,`path-to-regexp`),cf(),DT(330,` package. 1541`),cf(),Oa$1(331,`h4`,32)(332,`span`),DT(333,`Functional middleware`),cf()(),Oa$1(334,`p`),DT(335,`The `),Oa$1(336,`code`),DT(337,`LoggerMiddleware`),cf(),DT(338,` class we've been using is minimal: it has no members, no additional methods, and no dependencies. Middleware like this can be defined as a plain function instead of a class. This type of middleware is called `),Oa$1(339,`strong`),DT(340,`functional middleware`),cf(),DT(341,`. Let's convert the logger middleware from a class into a function to illustrate the difference:`),cf(),Oa$1(342,`app-copy-button`,20)(343,`span`,21),DT(344),AT(345,`extension`),Za$1(346,`app-tabs`,null,5),cf(),Oa$1(348,`pre`)(349,`code`,22),DT(350,` 1542import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express'; 1543 1544export function logger(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) { 1545 console.log('Request...'); 1546 next(); 1547} 1548`),cf()(),Oa$1(351,`pre`)(352,`code`,22),DT(353,` 1549export function logger(req, res, next) { 1550 console.log('Request...'); 1551 next(); 1552} 1553`),cf()()(),Oa$1(354,`p`),DT(355,`Then use it within the `),Oa$1(356,`code`),DT(357,`AppModule`),cf(),DT(358,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(359,`app-copy-button`,20)(360,`span`,21),DT(361),AT(362,`extension`),Za$1(363,`app-tabs`,null,6),cf(),Oa$1(365,`pre`)(366,`code`,22),DT(367,` 1554consumer 1555 .apply(logger) 1556 .forRoutes(CatsController);
1557`),cf()()(),Oa$1(368,`blockquote`,25)(369,`strong`),DT(370,`Hint`),cf(),DT(371,` Consider using `),Oa$1(372,`strong`),DT(373,`functional middleware`),cf(),DT(374,` whenever your middleware doesn't need any dependencies. 1558`),cf(),Oa$1(375,`h4`,33)(376,`span`),DT(377,`Multiple middleware`),cf()(),Oa$1(378,`p`),DT(379,`To bind multiple middleware that execute sequentially, pass a comma-separated list to the `),Oa$1(380,`code`),DT(381,`apply()`),cf(),DT(382,` method:`),cf(),Oa$1(383,`app-copy-button`)(384,`pre`)(385,`code`,22),DT(386,` 1559consumer.apply(cors(), helmet(), logger).forRoutes(CatsController); 1560`),cf()()(),Oa$1(387,`h4`,34)(388,`span`),DT(389,`Global middleware`),cf()(),Oa$1(390,`p`),DT(391,`To bind middleware to every registered route at once, use the `),Oa$1(392,`code`),DT(393,`use()`),cf(),DT(394,` method of the `),Oa$1(395,`code`),DT(396,`INestApplication`),cf(),DT(397,` instance:`),cf(),Oa$1(398,`app-copy-button`,20)(399,`span`,21),DT(400),AT(401,`extension`),Za$1(402,`app-tabs`,null,7),cf(),Oa$1(404,`pre`)(405,`code`,22),DT(406,` 1561const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule); 1562app.use(logger); 1563await app.listen(process.env.PORT ?? 3000); 1564`),cf()()(),Oa$1(407,`blockquote`,25)(408,`strong`),DT(409,`Hint`),cf(),DT(410,` Global middleware registered with `),Oa$1(4
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156411,`code`),DT(412,`app.use()`),cf(),DT(413,` cannot access the DI container, so use `),Oa$1(414,`a`,35),DT(415,`functional middleware`),cf(),DT(416,` there. Alternatively, use a class middleware and bind it with `),Oa$1(417,`code`),DT(418,`.forRoutes('*')`),cf(),DT(419,` within the `),Oa$1(420,`code`),DT(421,`AppModule`),cf(),DT(422,` (or any other module). 1565`),cf(),Oa$1(423,`h4`,36)(424,`span`),DT(425,`Error handling`),cf()(),Oa$1(426,`p`),DT(427,`When middleware throws an exception, Nest's `),Oa$1(428,`a`,37),DT(429,`exceptions layer`),cf(),DT(430,` catches it and sends an appropriate response, just as it does for exceptions thrown from a route handler. The recommended approach is to throw an `),Oa$1(431,`code`),DT(432,`HttpException`),cf(),DT(433,` (or a built-in subclass such as `),Oa$1(434,`code`),DT(435,`UnauthorizedException`),cf(),DT(436,`):`),cf(),Oa$1(437,`app-copy-button`,20)(438,`span`,21),DT(439),AT(440,`extension`),Za$1(441,`app-tabs`,null,8),cf(),Oa$1(443,`pre`)(444,`code`,22),DT(445,` 1566import { 1567 Injectable, 1568 NestMiddleware, 1569 UnauthorizedException, 1570} from '@nestjs/common'; 1571import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express'; 1572 1573@Injectable() 1574export class AuthMiddleware implements NestMiddleware { 1575 use(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) { 1576 if (!req.headers.authorization) { 1577 throw new UnauthorizedException(); 1578 } 1579 next(); 1580 } 1581} 1582`),cf()(),Oa$1(446,`pre`)(447,`code`,22),DT(448,` 1583import { Injectable, UnauthorizedException } from '@nestjs/common'; 1584 1585@Injectable() 1586export class AuthMiddleware { 1587 use(req, res, next) { 1588 if (!req.headers.authorization) { 1589 throw new UnauthorizedException(); 1590 } 1591 next(); 1592 } 1593} 1594`),cf()()(),Oa$1(449,`p`),DT(450,`If the middleware is asynchronous, declare `),Oa$1(451,`code`),DT(452,`use()`),cf(),DT(453,` as `),Oa$1(454,`code`),DT(455,`async`),cf(),DT(456,` (or return a `),Oa$1(457,`code`),DT(458,`Promise`),cf(),DT(459,`) so that a rejected promise is forwarded to the exceptions layer:`),cf(),Oa$1(460,`app-copy-button`,20)(461,`span`,21),DT(462),AT(463,`extension`),Za$1(464,`app-tabs`,null,9),cf(),Oa$1(466,`pre`)(467,`code`,22),DT(468,` 1595@Injectable() 1596export class AuthMiddleware implements NestMiddleware { 1597 constructor(private readonly authService: AuthService) {} 1598 1599 async use(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) { 1600 const user = await this.authService.verify(req.headers.authorization); 1601 if (!user) { 1602 throw new UnauthorizedException(); 1603 } 1604 req['user'] = user; 1605 next(); 1606 } 1607} 1608`),cf()()(),Oa$1(469,`p`),DT(470,`You can also pass the error to `),Oa$1(471,`code`),DT(472,`next()`),cf(),DT(473,`. This is useful when wrapping existing Express-style middleware that reports failures through the callback:`),cf(),Oa$1(474,`app-copy-button`)(475,`pre`)(476,`code`,22),DT(477,` 1609use(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) { 1610 if (!req.headers.authorization) { 1611 return next(new UnauthorizedException()); 1612 } 1613 next(); 1614} 1615`),cf()()(),Oa$1(478,`blockquote`,18)(479,`strong`),DT(480,`Warning`),cf(),DT(481,` Because middleware runs before a route handler is selected, only `),Oa$1(482,`strong`),DT(483,`global`),cf(),DT(484,` exception filters (registered with `),Oa$1(485,`code`),DT(486,`app.useGlobalFilters()`),cf(),DT(487,` or the `),Oa$1(488,`code`),DT(489,`APP_FILTER`),cf(),DT(490,` token) catch exceptions thrown from middleware. Method-scoped and controller-scoped filters are not invoked, and binding filters to a middleware class with `),Oa$1(491,`code`),DT(492,`@UseFilters()`),cf(),DT(493,` is not supported. 1616`),cf(),Oa$1(494,`blockquote`,25)(495,`strong`),DT(496,`Hint`),cf(),DT(497,` Middleware registered with `),Oa$1(498,`code`),DT(499,`app.use()`),cf(),DT(500,` is handled by the underlying HTTP platform (Express or Fastify), not by Nest's `),Oa$1(501,`code`),DT(502,`MiddlewareModule`),cf(),DT(503,`. Prefer throwing errors (or calling `),Oa$1(504,`code`),DT(505,`next(err)`),cf(),DT(506,`) from middleware bound with the `),Oa$1(507,`code`),DT(508,`MiddlewareConsumer`),cf(),DT(509,`, so that the exceptions layer can process them.
1617`),cf()(),Oa$1(510,`a`,38),Za$1(511,`i`,39),Oa$1(512,`span`),DT(513,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()()),a&2){let l=QS(68),d=QS(111),m=QS(146),h=QS(273),u=QS(347),b=QS(364),S=QS(403),k=QS(442),C=QS(465);UC(65),hf(` `,OT(66,33,`logger.middleware`,l.isJsActive),` 1618`),UC(4),By(`hide`,l.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!l.isJsActive),UC(36),hf(` `,OT(109,36,`app.module`,d.isJsActive),` 1619`),UC(4),By(`hide`,d.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!d.isJsActive),UC(28),hf(` `,OT(144,39,`app.module`,m.isJsActive),` 1620`),UC(4),By(`hide`,m.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!m.isJsActive),UC(120),hf(` `,OT(271,42,`app.module`,h.isJsActive),` 1621`),UC(4),By(`hide`,h.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!h.isJsActive),UC(67),hf(` `,OT(345,45,`logger.middleware`,u.isJsActive),` 1622`),UC(4),By(`hide`,u.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!u.isJsActive),UC(10),hf(` `,OT(362,48,`app.module`,b.isJsActive),` 1623`),UC(39),hf(` `,OT(401,51,`main`,S.isJsActive),` 1624`),UC(39),hf(` `,OT(440,54,`auth.middleware`,k.isJsActive),` 1625`),UC(4),By(`hide`,k.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!k.isJsActive),UC(16),hf(` `,OT(463,57,`auth.middleware`,C.isJsActive),` 1626`)}},dependencies:[tu,tn$1,u,xt,g],encapsulation:2,changeDetection:1})}return o})();var ea=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-migration`]],features:[My],decls:1099,vars:2,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`migration-guide`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://standardschema.dev/`],[`routerLink`,`/observability/overview`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`upgrading-packages`],[1,`language-bash`],[`href`,`/cli/usages#nest-upgrade`],[1,`info`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://npmjs.com/package/npm-check-updates`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`nodejs-requirements`],[1,`language-text`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/lambda-nodejs.html#nodejs-experimental`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`esm-packages`],[`href`,`#switching-your-project-to-esm`],[`href`,`#moving-your-own-code-to-esm`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`new-project-defaults`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`testing-stack`],[1,`warning`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`linting-defaults`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`route-decorator-schemas`],[1,`language-typescript`],[`href`,`/openapi/introduction#standard-schema-zod-valibot`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`standard-schema-serialization`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`graphql-ide-configuration`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`graphql-subscriptions-transport`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`nats-v3`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`lifecycle-hook-ordering`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`optional-is-no-longer-inherited`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`class-validator-and-class-transformer`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`config-module`],[`href`,`/application/configuration#schema-validation`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`terminus-module`],[`href`,`/recipes/terminus#timeouts-and-caching`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`webpack-deprecation-in-cli-workflows`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`new-cli-commands-and-flags`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://mau.nestjs.com/`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`route-conflict-diagnostics`],[`href`,`/controllers#route-conflicts-and-resolution-order`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`machine-readable-error-codes`],[`href`,`/exception-filters#machine-readable-error-codes`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`structured-logging-params`],[`href`,`/application/logger#structured-logging-params`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`native-observability-support`],[`href`,`/observability/overview`],[`routerLink`,`/observability/sdk`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`other-notable-release-changes`],[`href`,`/microservices/grpc#exception-handling`],[`href`,`/microservices/kafka#regular-expression-patterns`],[`href`,`/websockets/gateways#request-scoped-gateways`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`switching-your-project-to-esm`],[1,`language-json`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`moving-your-own-code-to-esm`],[`href`,`https://github.com/nestjs/docs.nestjs.com/edit/master/content/migration.md`,`target`,`_blank`,`rel`,`noopener`,1,`github-links`],[`aria-hidden`,`true`,1,`ph`,`ph-pencil-simple-line`]],template:function(a,s){a&1&&(Oa$1(0,`div`,1,0)(2,`div`,2)(3,`h3`,3),DT(4,`Migration guide`),cf(),Oa$1(5,`p`),DT(6,`This article walks y
1626ou through migrating from NestJS version 11 to version 12. Version 12 centers on ESM packages, updated CLI defaults, first-class support for `),Oa$1(7,`a`,4),DT(8,`Standard Schema`),cf(),DT(9,`-based validation and serialization, and native `),Oa$1(10,`a`,5),DT(11,`observability`),cf(),DT(12,` support.`),cf(),Oa$1(13,`h4`,6)(14,`span`),DT(15,`Upgrading packages`),cf()(),Oa$1(16,`p`),DT(17,`Start by upgrading the Nest CLI itself, because the upgrade command used below ships with it:`),cf(),Oa$1(18,`pre`)(19,`code`,7),DT(20,` 1627$ npm i -g @nestjs/cli@latest @nestjs/schematics@latest 1628`),cf()(),Oa$1(21,`p`),DT(22,`If your project keeps the CLI as a local dev dependency, update it there as well:`),cf(),Oa$1(23,`pre`)(24,`code`,7),DT(25,` 1629$ npm i -D @nestjs/cli@latest @nestjs/schematics@latest 1630`),cf()(),Oa$1(26,`p`),DT(27,`With the latest CLI in place, run `),Oa$1(28,`code`),DT(29,`nest upgrade`),cf(),DT(30,` from the root of your project:`),cf(),Oa$1(31,`pre`)(32,`code`,7),DT(33,` 1631$ nest upgrade 1632`),cf()(),Oa$1(34,`p`),DT(35,`The command moves every recognized `),Oa$1(36,`code`),DT(37,`@nestjs/*`),cf(),DT(38,` package to its v12-compatible major at once, so the framework, platform adapters, and companion packages stay in sync, and then installs them. It also bumps TypeScript to v6 and applies the mechanical parts of the migration described in this guide (`),Oa$1(39,`code`),DT(40,`nest-cli.json`),cf(),DT(41,` webpack options, the GraphQL `),Oa$1(42,`code`),DT(43,`playground`),cf(),DT(44,` and subscriptions transport changes, the NATS package swap, and `),Oa$1(45,`code`),DT(46,`@nestjs/config`),cf(),DT(47,` validation options). Finally, it prints a report of everything it changed, plus notes on the behavioral changes it can't migrate for you. To see that report without touching your files, run the command with `),Oa$1(48,`code`),DT(49,`--dry-run`),cf(),DT(50,` first. See `),Oa$1(51,`a`,8),DT(52,`nest upgrade`),cf(),DT(53,` for the full list of steps and options.`),cf(),Oa$1(54,`blockquote`,9)(55,`strong`),DT(56,`Hint`),cf(),Oa$1(57,`code`),DT(58,`nest upgrade`),cf(),DT(59,` replaces the manual `),Oa$1(60,`a`,10),DT(61,`npm-check-updates (ncu)`),cf(),DT(62,` flow previously recommended here. You can still upgrade packages manually if you prefer; what matters is that every Nest package moves to the same major at once. The command only bumps the CLI dependency inside your project, which is why you upgrade the global binary first. 1633`),cf(),Oa$1(63,`h4`,11)(64,`span`),DT(65,`Node.js requirements`),cf()(),Oa$1(66,`p`),DT(67,`The Node.js requirement differs depending on whether you are `),Oa$1(68,`strong`),DT(69,`running`),cf(),DT(70,` an application or `),Oa$1(71,`strong`),DT(72,`generating`),cf(),DT(73,` code with the CLI:`),cf(),Oa$1(74,`table`)(75,`thead`)(76,`tr`)(77,`th`),DT(78,`What you are doing`),cf(),Oa$1(79,`th`),DT(80,`Minimum Node.js`),cf()()(),Oa$1(81,`tbody`)(82,`tr`)(83,`td`),DT(84,`Running a Nest 12 application`),cf(),Oa$1(85,`td`)(86,`strong`),DT(87,`v20.19+`),cf(),DT(88,`, or `),Oa$1(89,`strong`),DT(90,`v22.12+`),cf(),DT(91,` on the 22.x line`),cf()(),Oa$1(92,`tr`)(93,`td`)(94,`code`),DT(95,`nest new`),cf(),DT(96,`, `),Oa$1(97,`code`),DT(98,`nest generate`),cf(),DT(99,`, `),Oa$1(100,`code`),DT(101,`nest upgrade`),cf(),DT(102,` (`),Oa$1(103,`code`),DT(104,`@nestjs/schematics`),cf(),DT(105,`)`),cf(),Oa$1(106,`td`)(107,`strong`),DT(108,`v22.22.3+`),cf(),DT(109,`, `),Oa$1(110,`strong`),DT(111,`v24.15+`),cf(),DT(112,`, or `),Oa$1(113,`strong`),DT(114,`v26+`),cf()()()()(),Oa$1(115,`p`)(116,`code`),DT(117,`@nestjs/core`),cf(),DT(118,` itself still declares `),Oa$1(119,`code`),DT(120,`>= 20`),cf(),DT(121,`, but the v12 packages are ESM-only, and consuming them from a CommonJS application relies on `),Oa$1(122,`
1633code`),DT(123,`require(esm)`),cf(),DT(124,`, which is unflagged only from Node.js 20.19 and 22.12 onwards. The 21.x line never received it and is not supported. `),Oa$1(125,`code`),DT(126,`nest upgrade`),cf(),DT(127,` enforces exactly this and refuses to run on an older release.`),cf(),Oa$1(128,`p`),DT(129,`AWS Lambda disables `),Oa$1(130,`code`),DT(131,`require(esm)`),cf(),DT(132,` by default on its Node.js 20, 22, and 24 runtimes, even when the corresponding upstream Node.js release enables it. To run a CommonJS Nest 12 application on these Lambda runtimes, enable it through the function's `),Oa$1(133,`code`),DT(134,`NODE_OPTIONS`),cf(),DT(135,` environment variable:`),cf(),Oa$1(136,`pre`)(137,`code`,12),DT(138,` 1634NODE_OPTIONS=--experimental-require-module 1635`),cf()(),Oa$1(139,`p`),DT(140,`If `),Oa$1(141,`code`),DT(142,`NODE_OPTIONS`),cf(),DT(143,` already contains other flags, append this flag to the existing value. See the `),Oa$1(144,`a`,13),DT(145,`AWS Lambda documentation`),cf(),DT(146,` for details and for the support limitations of experimental features.`),cf(),Oa$1(147,`p`),DT(148,`The CLI's schematics have a higher floor of their own: `),Oa$1(149,`code`),DT(150,`@nestjs/schematics`),cf(),DT(151,` requires `),Oa$1(152,`strong`),DT(153,`Node.js v22.22.3+, v24.15+, or v26+`),cf(),DT(154,`, inherited from the Angular devkit it builds on. Scaffolding and upgrading therefore need a newer runtime than running the framework does. The 23.x and 25.x lines, as well as earlier 22.x and 24.x releases, are excluded.`),cf(),Oa$1(155,`blockquote`,9)(156,`strong`),DT(157,`Hint`),cf(),DT(158,` The simplest way to satisfy every requirement is to run the latest active LTS release. Pick the bare minimum only if you have a specific reason to stay there. If you do, keep in mind that Node.js 20.19 is enough to run your application, but not to use the CLI's generators. 1636`),cf(),Oa$1(159,`h4`,14)(160,`span`),DT(161,`ESM packages`),cf()(),Oa$1(162,`p`),DT(163,`All core Nest packages now ship as ESM. For most existing applications, this is much less disruptive than it would have been a few years ago, because modern Node.js releases support `),Oa$1(164,`code`),DT(165,`require(esm)`),cf(),DT(166,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(167,`blockquote`,9)(168,`strong`),DT(169,`Hint`),cf(),DT(170,` Migrating `),Oa$1(171,`strong`),DT(172,`your own`),cf(),DT(173,` application to ESM is entirely optional and `),Oa$1(174,`strong`),DT(175,`not`),cf(),DT(176,` part of upgrading to v12. Because Nest's ESM packages can be consumed from CommonJS through `),Oa$1(177,`code`),DT(178,`require(esm)`),cf(),DT(179,`, a CommonJS application can upgrade to v12 and stay CommonJS for as long as you like; `),Oa$1(180,`code`),DT(181,`nest upgrade`),cf(),DT(182,` deliberately leaves your module format alone. Whether you switch is a matter of preference. If you decide to, the last two sections of this guide, `),Oa$1(183,`a`,15),DT(184,`Switching your project to ESM`),cf(),DT(185,` and `),Oa$1(186,`a`,16),DT(187,`Moving your own code to ESM`),cf(),DT(188,`, walk you through it. 1637`),cf(),Oa$1(189,`p`),DT(190,`In practice, this means:`),cf(),Oa$1(191,`ul`)(192,`li`),DT(193,`Many existing CommonJS applications continue to work without a full rewrite`),cf(),Oa$1(194,`li`),DT(195,`Review custom bootstrapping scripts, build tooling, and test runners if they make assumptions about CommonJS-only packages`),cf(),Oa$1(196,`li`),DT(197,`If you maintain a custom bundler or runtime configuration, make sure it matches the module format your project actually uses`),cf()(),Oa$1(198,`p`),DT(199,`For new projects, the CLI now lets you choose between a CommonJS and an ESM project layout.`),cf(),Oa$1(200,`h4`,17)(201,`span`),DT(202,`New project defaults`),cf()(),Oa$1(203,`p`)(204,`code`),DT(205,`nest new`),cf(),DT(206,` now prompts you to choose whether to generate a CommonJS or an ESM project.`),cf(),Oa$1(207,`ul`)(208,`li`),DT(209,`ESM projects use Vitest by default (CommonJS projects use Jest)`),cf(),Oa$1(210,`li`),DT(211,`All generated projects use oxlint by default`),cf()(),Oa$1(212,`p`),DT(213,`This only changes what the CLI scaffolds for you. Existing projects can keep their current tooling and migrate on their own schedule.`),cf(),Oa$1(214,`h4`,18)(215,`span`),DT(216,`Testing stack`),cf()(),Oa$1(217,`p`),DT(218,`Nest's testing utilities remain the same. The main change is the default stack used by generated ESM projects and by the framework's own repositories and samples: Vitest is now the primary default for ESM workflows.`),cf(),Oa$1(219,`p`),DT(220,`If your application already uses a different test runner, you don't need to migrate immediately. `),Oa$1(221,`code`),DT(222,`@nestjs/testing`),cf(),DT(223,` remains test-runner agnostic.`),cf(),Oa$1(224,`blockquote`,19)(225,`strong`),DT(226,`Warning`),cf(),DT(227,` If you stay on Jest, note that it can load the ESM-only v12 packages only on Node.js v24.9 or later (older versions fail with `),Oa$1(228,`code`),DT(229,`ERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE`),cf(),DT(230,`). Run your test suite on Node.js v24.9+, or consider migrating to Vitest. `),Oa$1(231,`code`),DT(232,`nest upgrade`),cf(),DT(233,` bumps Jest to v30 and warns about this. 1638`),cf(),Oa$1(234,`p`),DT(235,`When you do decide to migrate:`),cf
1638(),Oa$1(236,`ul`)(237,`li`),DT(238,`Update your `),Oa$1(239,`code`),DT(240,`test`),cf(),DT(241,`, `),Oa$1(242,`code`),DT(243,`test:watch`),cf(),DT(244,`, `),Oa$1(245,`code`),DT(246,`test:cov`),cf(),DT(247,`, and `),Oa$1(248,`code`),DT(249,`test:e2e`),cf(),DT(250,` scripts`),cf(),Oa$1(251,`li`),DT(252,`Review any runner-specific globals and replace them with Vitest equivalents where needed`),cf(),Oa$1(253,`li`),DT(254,`Check your `),Oa$1(255,`code`),DT(256,`supertest`),cf(),DT(257,` imports in E2E tests if your Vitest setup expects default imports`),cf()(),Oa$1(258,`h4`,20)(259,`span`),DT(260,`Linting defaults`),cf()(),Oa$1(261,`p`),DT(262,`Newly generated projects use oxlint by default. You only need to migrate if you want your repository to match the new CLI scaffolding.`),cf(),Oa$1(263,`h4`,21)(264,`span`),DT(265,`Route decorator schemas`),cf()(),Oa$1(266,`p`),DT(267,`Nest adds a new `),Oa$1(268,`code`),DT(269,`schema`),cf(),DT(270,` option to route parameter decorators such as `),Oa$1(271,`code`),DT(272,`@Body()`),cf(),DT(273,`, `),Oa$1(274,`code`),DT(275,`@Query()`),cf(),DT(276,`, `),Oa$1(277,`code`),DT(278,`@Param()`),cf(),DT(279,`, and `),Oa$1(280,`code`),DT(281,`@RawBody()`),cf(),DT(282,`. The schema metadata is designed for `),Oa$1(283,`a`,4),DT(284,`Standard Schema`),cf(),DT(285,`-compatible libraries such as Zod, Valibot, and ArkType.`),cf(),Oa$1(286,`p`),DT(287,`For example:`),cf(),Oa$1(288,`app-copy-button`)(289,`pre`)(290,`code`,22),DT(291,` 1639@Post() 1640create(@Body({ schema: createUserSchema }) body: CreateUserDto) { 1641 return this.usersService.create(body); 1642} 1643 1644@Get(':id') 1645findOne(@Param('id', { schema: z.coerce.number().int().positive() }) id: number) { 1646 return this.usersService.findOne(id); 1647} 1648`),cf()()(),Oa$1(292,`p`),DT(293,`On its own, the decorator only attaches schema metadata. To validate against it, register the built-in `),Oa$1(294,`code`),DT(295,`StandardSchemaValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(296,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(297,`app-copy-button`)(298,`pre`)(299,`code`,22),DT(300,` 1649app.useGlobalPipes(new StandardSchemaValidationPipe()); 1650`),cf()()(),Oa$1(301,`p`),DT(302,`This is a schema-first alternative to the traditional `),Oa$1(303,`code`),DT(304,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(305,` plus `),Oa$1(306,`code`),DT(307,`class-validator`),cf(),DT(308,` flow. The same schemas can also feed OpenAPI generation (see `),Oa$1(309,`a`,23),DT(310,`Standard Schema (Zod, Valibot)`),cf(),DT(311,`).`),cf(),Oa$1(312,`p`),DT(313,`The existing decorator-based approach remains fully supported, and there are no plans to remove it. The `),Oa$1(314,`code`),DT(315,`schema`),cf(),DT(316,` option is an additional choice for teams that prefer schema-first libraries such as Zod.`),cf(),Oa$1(317,`h4`,24)(318,`span`),DT(319,`Standard Schema serialization`),cf()(),Oa$1(320,`p`),DT(321,`Nest also introduces `),Oa$1(322,`code`),DT(323,`StandardSchemaSerializerInterceptor`),cf(),DT(324,`, which validates and transforms outgoing responses with the same Standard Schema ecosystem.`),cf(),Oa$1(325,`app-copy-button`)(326,`pre`)(327,`code`,22),DT(328,` 1651@UseInterceptors(StandardSchemaSerializerInterceptor) 1652@SerializeOptions({ schema: userResponseSchema }) 1653@Get(':id') 1654findOne(@Param('id') id: string) { 1655 return this.usersService.findOne(id); 1656} 1657`),cf()()(),Oa$1(329,`p`),DT(330,`Use it when you want a schema, instead of `),Oa$1(331,`code`),DT(332,`class-transformer`),cf(),DT(333,` decorators, to drive response shaping.`),cf(),Oa$1(334,`h4`,25)(335,`span`),DT(336,`GraphQL IDE configuration`),cf()(),Oa$1(337,`p`),DT(338,`GraphiQL is now the default GraphQL IDE. If you need to customize it, pass a `),Oa$1(339,`code`),DT(340,`graphiql`),cf(),DT(341,` options object instead of setting `),Oa$1(342,`code`),DT(343,`graphiql: true`),cf(),DT(344,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(345,`app-copy-button`)(346,`pre`)(347,`code`,22),DT(348,` 1658GraphQLModule.forRoot<ApolloDriverConfig>({ 1659 driver: ApolloDriver, 1660 graphiql: { 1661 url: '/graphql', 1662 headers: { 1663 authorization: 'Bearer <token>', 1664 }, 1665 shouldPersistHeaders: true, 1666 isHeadersEditorEnabled: true, 1667 }, 1668}); 1669`),cf()()(),Oa$1(349,`p`),DT(350,`This customizes the IDE endpoint and editor behavior while keeping GraphiQL enabled.`),cf(),Oa$1(351,`h4`,26)(352,`span`),DT(353,`GraphQL subscriptions transport`),cf()(),Oa$1(354,`p`),DT(355,`The latest `),Oa$1(356,`code`),DT(357,`@nestjs/gra
1669phql`),cf(),DT(358,` release removes support for `),Oa$1(359,`code`),DT(360,`subscriptions-transport-ws`),cf(),DT(361,`. Use `),Oa$1(362,`code`),DT(363,`graphql-ws`),cf(),DT(364,` for GraphQL subscriptions instead.`),cf(),Oa$1(365,`app-copy-button`)(366,`pre`)(367,`code`,22),DT(368,` 1670GraphQLModule.forRoot<ApolloDriverConfig>({ 1671 driver: ApolloDriver, 1672 subscriptions: { 1673 'graphql-ws': true, 1674 }, 1675}); 1676`),cf()()(),Oa$1(369,`p`),DT(370,`If your application still depends on `),Oa$1(371,`code`),DT(372,`subscriptions-transport-ws`),cf(),DT(373,`, plan that migration as part of your GraphQL package upgrade.`),cf(),Oa$1(374,`h4`,27)(375,`span`),DT(376,`NATS v3`),cf()(),Oa$1(377,`p`),DT(378,`The microservices package now targets NATS v3, which includes a breaking dependency change. If you use the NATS transport, replace the old `),Oa$1(379,`code`),DT(380,`nats`),cf(),DT(381,` package with `),Oa$1(382,`code`),DT(383,`@nats-io/transport-node`),cf(),DT(384,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(385,`pre`)(386,`code`,7),DT(387,` 1677$ npm uninstall nats 1678$ npm install @nats-io/transport-node 1679`),cf()(),Oa$1(388,`p`),DT(389,`If your application imports NATS helpers directly, install `),Oa$1(390,`code`),DT(391,`@nats-io/nats-core`),cf(),DT(392,` as well and update those imports. NATS v3 also dropped the `),Oa$1(393,`code`),DT(394,`StringCodec`),cf(),DT(395,` and `),Oa$1(396,`code`),DT(397,`JSONCodec`),cf(),DT(398,` helpers. For example, the `),Oa$1(399,`code`),DT(400,`headers()`),cf(),DT(401,` helper now comes from `),Oa$1(402,`code`),DT(403,`@nats-io/nats-core`),cf(),DT(404,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(405,`app-copy-button`)(406,`pre`)(407,`code`,22),DT(408,` 1680import * as nats from '@nats-io/nats-core'; 1681import { NatsRecordBuilder } from '@nestjs/microservices'; 1682 1683const headers = nats.headers(); 1684headers.set('x-version', '1.0.0'); 1685 1686const record = new NatsRecordBuilder(payload).setHeaders(headers).build(); 1687return this.client.send('record-builder-duplex', record); 1688`),cf()()(),Oa$1(409,`p`),DT(410,`Also review any custom serializers or deserializers. Nest now serializes NATS packets as JSON strings, and custom NATS deserializers receive the full NATS message object instead of a raw `),Oa$1(4
vendor: 4,577 bytes, lines 1688-1706
168811,`code`),DT(412,`Uint8Array`),cf(),DT(413,`. In practice, custom deserializers should read the payload with `),Oa$1(414,`code`),DT(415,`msg.json()`),cf(),DT(416,` instead of decoding bytes manually.`),cf(),Oa$1(417,`h4`,28)(418,`span`),DT(419,`Lifecycle hook ordering`),cf()(),Oa$1(420,`p`),DT(421,`Lifecycle hooks are now called by component hierarchy level. This can change the execution order of hooks such as `),Oa$1(422,`code`),DT(423,`onModuleInit`),cf(),DT(424,`, `),Oa$1(425,`code`),DT(426,`onApplicationBootstrap`),cf(),DT(427,`, and the shutdown hooks when multiple providers or modules depend on one another.`),cf(),Oa$1(428,`p`),DT(429,`If your application relies on a specific hook order between related providers, review that flow during the upgrade and update any assumptions in initialization logic, teardown logic, or tests.`),cf(),Oa$1(430,`h4`,29)(431,`span`)(432,`code`),DT(433,`@Optional()`),cf(),DT(434,` is no longer inherited`),cf()(),Oa$1(435,`p`),DT(436,`Nest now reads the optional markers of constructor parameters with `),Oa$1(437,`code`),DT(438,`Reflect.getOwnMetadata`),cf(),DT(439,`, so a subclass no longer inherits the markers its parent declared. Parameter types are still inherited. As a result, a subclass without its own constructor keeps its parent's parameters but loses their optional status, and Nest throws `),Oa$1(440,`code`),DT(441,`UnknownDependenciesException`),cf(),DT(442,` where v11 resolved the parameter as `),Oa$1(443,`code`),DT(444,`undefined`),cf(),DT(445,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(446,`p`),DT(447,`This is deliberate: a dependency that was genuinely missing used to resolve to `),Oa$1(448,`code`),DT(449,`undefined`),cf(),DT(450,` silently. Give the subclass its own constructor and declare the marker again:`),cf(),Oa$1(451,`app-copy-button`)(452,`pre`)(453,`code`,22),DT(454,` 1689@Injectable() 1690class Child extends Base { 1691 constructor(@Optional() options?: Options) { 1692 super(options); 1693 } 1694} 1695`),cf()()(),Oa$1(455,`h4`,30)(456,`span`),DT(457,`class-validator and class-transformer`),cf()(),Oa$1(458,`p`),DT(459,`The existing decorator-based workflow still works in v12. `),Oa$1(460,`code`),DT(461,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(462,` and `),Oa$1(463,`code`),DT(464,`ClassSerializerInterceptor`),cf(),DT(465,` remain supported and are still a good fit for class-based DTO projects.`),cf(),Oa$1(466,`p`),DT(467,`Version 12 broadens the built-in options rather than replacing the existing ones:`),cf(),Oa$1(468,`ul`)(469,`li`),DT(470,`Use `),Oa$1(471,`code`),DT(472,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(473,` when your DTOs are class-based and rely on decorators`),cf(),Oa$1(474,`li`),DT(475,`Use `),Oa$1(476,`code`),DT(477,`StandardSchemaValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(478,` when your validation library already exposes a Standard Schema-compatible schema`),cf(),Oa$1(479,`li`),DT(480,`Use `),Oa$1(481,`code`),DT(482,`ClassSerializerInterceptor`),cf(),DT(483,` when your response shaping is based on `),Oa$1(484,`code`),DT(485,`class-transformer`),cf()(),Oa$1(486,`li`),DT(487,`Use `),Oa$1(488,`code`),DT(489,`StandardSchemaSerializerInterceptor`),cf(),DT(490,` when your response shape should be derived from a schema`),cf()(),Oa$1(491,`h4`,31)(492,`span`),DT(493,`Config module`),cf()(),Oa$1(494,`p`)(495,`code`),DT(496,`@nestjs/config`),cf(),DT(497,` moves from Joi-specific validation to `),Oa$1(498,`a`,4),DT(499,`Standard Schema`),cf(),DT(500,`. The `),Oa$1(501,`code`),DT(502,`validationSchema`),cf(),DT(503,` option now accepts any Standard Schema-compatible schema, such as Zod, Valibot, or ArkType.`),cf(),Oa$1(504,`app-copy-button`)(505,`pre`)(506,`code`,22),DT(507,` 1696import { z } from 'zod'; 1697 1698ConfigModule.forRoot({ 1699 validationSchema: z.object({ 1700 NODE_ENV: z 1701 .enum(['development', 'production', 'test', 'provision']) 1702 .default('development'), 1703 PORT: z.coerce.number().default(3000), 1704 }), 1705}); 1706`),cf()()(),Oa$1(508,`p`),DT(509,`Because validation is no longer tied to a single library, we now recommend a modern Standard Schema library such as Zod for new projects, and the `),Oa$1(510,`a`,32),DT(511,`Configuration chapter`),cf(),DT(512,` has been rewritten around it.`),cf(),Oa$1(513,`p`),DT(514,`Your existing Joi schemas still work, with two caveats:`),cf(),Oa$1(515,`ul`)(516,`li`),DT(517,`You must upgrade to `),Oa$1(518,`strong`),DT(519,`Joi v18 or later`),cf(),DT(520,`, which implements the Standard Schema specification`),cf(),Oa$1(521,`li`),DT(522,`Library-specific settings previously passed directly under `),Oa$1(523,`code`),DT(524,`validationOptions`),cf(),DT(525,` now go under `),Oa$1(526,`code`),DT(527,`val
1706idationOptions.libraryOptions`),cf()()(),Oa$1(528,`app-copy-button`)(529,`pre`)(530,`code`,22),DT(531,` 1707// Before 1708validationOptions: { 1709 allowUnknown: false, 1710 abortEarly: true, 1711}, 1712 1713// After 1714validationOptions: { 1715 libraryOptions: { 1716 allowUnknown: false, 1717 abortEarly: true, 1718 }, 1719}, 1720`),cf()()(),Oa$1(532,`p`),DT(533,`For Joi schemas, `),Oa$1(534,`code`),DT(535,`@nestjs/config`),cf(),DT(536,` keeps its historical defaults of `),Oa$1(537,`code`),DT(538,`allowUnknown: true`),cf(),DT(539,` and `),Oa$1(540,`code`),DT(541,`abortEarly: false`),cf(),DT(542,`, and merges anything you pass on top of them.`),cf(),Oa$1(543,`h4`,33)(544,`span`),DT(545,`Terminus module`),cf()(),Oa$1(546,`p`),DT(547,`The legacy health indicator API, deprecated in version 11, has been removed. If your custom health indicators still extend `),Oa$1(548,`code`),DT(549,`HealthIndicator`),cf(),DT(550,` or throw a `),Oa$1(551,`code`),DT(552,`HealthCheckError`),cf(),DT(553,`, migrate them to `),Oa$1(554,`code`),DT(555,`HealthIndicatorService`),cf(),DT(556,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(557,`p`)(558,`strong`),DT(559,`Previous Approach`),cf()(),Oa$1(560,`p`),DT(561,`Before version 12, a custom health indicator could report an unhealthy state by throwing a `),Oa$1(562,`code`),DT(563,`HealthCheckError`),cf(),DT(564,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(565,`app-copy-button`)(566,`pre`)(567,`code`,22),DT(568,` 1721@Injectable() 1722export class DogHealthIndicator extends HealthIndicator { 1723 constructor(private readonly dogService: DogService) { 1724 super(); 1725 } 1726 1727 async isHealthy(key: string) { 1728 const badboys = await this.dogService.getBadboys(); 1729 const isHealthy = badboys.length === 0; 1730 const result = this.getStatus(key, isHealthy, { badboys: badboys.length }); 1731 1732 if (!isHealthy) { 1733 throw new HealthCheckError('Dog check failed', result); 1734 } 1735 1736 return result; 1737 } 1738} 1739`),cf()()(),Oa$1(569,`p`)(570,`strong`),DT(571,`Updated Approach (NestJS Terminus v12)`),cf()(),Oa$1(572,`p`),DT(573,`In version 12, the health indicator returns its result in both cases. Throwing is no longer a way to report an unhealthy state. The indicator either returns `),Oa$1(574,`code`),DT(575,`up()`),cf(),DT(576,` / `),Oa$1(577,`code`),DT(578,`down()`),cf(),DT(579,` explicitly, or hands the operation to `),Oa$1(580,`code`),DT(581,`attempt()`),cf(),DT(582,`, which marks the indicator as `),Oa$1(583,`code`),DT(584,`'down'`),cf(),DT(585,` when the operation throws:`),cf(),Oa$1(586,`app-copy-button`)(587,`pre`)(588,`code`,22),DT(589,` 1740@Injectable() 1741export class DogHealthIndicator { 1742 constructor( 1743 private readonly dogService: DogService, 1744 // Inject the \`HealthIndicatorService\` provided by the \`TerminusModule\` 1745 private readonly healthIndicatorService: HealthIndicatorService, 1746 ) {} 1747 1748 async isHealthy(key: string) { 1749 const indicator = this.healthIndicatorService.check(key); 1750 const badboys = await this.dogService.getBadboys(); 1751 1752 if (badboys.length > 0) { 1753 // Mark the indicator as "down" and add additional info to the response 1754 return indicator.down({ badboys: badboys.length }); 1755 } 1756 1757 // Mark the health indicator as "up" 1758 return indicator.up(); 1759 } 1760} 1761`),cf()()(),Oa$1(590,`p`),DT(591,`If the indicator only needs to know whether an operation succeeded (e.g., that the dog service is reachable), `),Oa$1(592,`code`),DT(593,`attempt()`),cf(),DT(594,` is the shorter form:`),cf(),Oa$1(595,`app-copy-button`)(596,`pre`)(597,`code`,22),DT(598,` 1762isHealthy(key: string) { 1763 return this.healthIndicatorService 1764 .check(key) 1765 .attempt(() => this.dogService.ping()) 1766 .withTimeout(1000); 1767} 1768`),cf()()(),Oa$1(599,`p`),DT(600,`The `),Oa$1(601,`code`),DT(602,`timeout`),cf(),DT(603,` option of the built-in database, microservice, and gRPC indicators (e.g., `),Oa$1(604,`code`),DT(605),cf(),DT(606,`) is deprecated. Chain `),Oa$1(607,`code`),DT(608,`.withTimeout(1500)`),cf(),DT(609,` on the returned attempt instead. See the `),Oa$1(610,`a`,34),DT(611,`Terminus chapter`),cf(),DT(612,` for details.`),cf(),Oa$1(613,`h4`,35)(614,`span`),DT(615,`Webpack deprecation in CLI workflows`),cf()(),Oa$1(616,`p`),DT(617,`The v12 release also marks the shift away from webpack-centric CLI workflows. Rspack is now the default bundler for monorepos, and the `),Oa$1(618,`code`),DT(619,`--webpack`),cf(),DT(620,` / `),Oa$1(621,`code`),DT(622,`--webpackPath`),cf(),DT(623,` CLI flags (and their `),Oa$1(624,`co
1768de`),DT(625,`webpack`),cf(),DT(626,` / `),Oa$1(627,`code`),DT(628,`webpackConfigPath`),cf(),DT(629,` counterparts in `),Oa$1(630,`code`),DT(631,`nest-cli.json`),cf(),DT(632,`) are deprecated in favor of `),Oa$1(633,`code`),DT(634,`--builder rspack`),cf(),DT(635,`. If your project generation or build setup relies on webpack, plan to migrate it over time.`),cf(),Oa$1(636,`p`),DT(637,`The CLI also adds `),Oa$1(638,`code`),DT(639,`bun`),cf(),DT(640,` as a supported package manager, and the `),Oa$1(641,`code`),DT(642,`decorator`),cf(),DT(643,` schematic now generates decorators in the `),Oa$1(644,`code`),DT(645,`Reflector.createDecorator()`),cf(),DT(646,` form. The `),Oa$1(647,`code`),DT(648,`angular`),cf(),DT(649,` schematic has been removed.`),cf(),Oa$1(650,`h4`,36)(651,`span`),DT(652,`New CLI commands and flags`),cf()(),Oa$1(653,`p`),DT(654,`The CLI gains a `),Oa$1(655,`code`),DT(656,`deploy`),cf(),DT(657,` command that forwards to `),Oa$1(658,`a`,37),DT(659,`Mau`),cf(),DT(660,`, installing `),Oa$1(661,`code`),DT(662,`@nestjs/mau`),cf(),DT(663,` as a dev dependency on first use:`),cf(),Oa$1(664,`pre`)(665,`code`,7),DT(666,` 1769$ nest deploy 1770`),cf()(),Oa$1(667,`p`)(668,`code`),DT(669,`nest build`),cf(),DT(670,` and `),Oa$1(671,`code`),DT(672,`nest start`),cf(),DT(673,` also pick up several new options:`),cf(),Oa$1(674,`ul`)(675,`li`)(676,`code`),DT(677,`--rspackPath [path]`),cf(),DT(678,`: path to a Rspack configuration file, the counterpart to the deprecated `),Oa$1(679,`code`),DT(680,`--webpackPath`),cf()(),Oa$1(681,`li`)(682,`code`),DT(683,`--emit-declarations`),cf(),DT(684,`: emit `),Oa$1(685,`code`),DT(686,`.d.ts`),cf(),DT(687,` files when using the SWC builder (also available as `),Oa$1(688,`code`),DT(689,`emitDeclarations`),cf(),DT(690,` in `),Oa$1(691,`code`),DT(692,`nest-cli.json`),cf(),DT(693,`)`),cf(),Oa$1(694,`li`)(695,`code`),DT(696,`--no-type-check`),cf(),DT(697,`: explicitly disable SWC type checking`),cf(),Oa$1(698,`li`)(699,`code`),DT(700,`--silent`),cf(),DT(701,`: suppress informational compiler logs`),cf()(),Oa$1(702,`p`)(703,`code`),DT(704,`nest build`),cf(),DT(705,` also supports `),Oa$1(706,`code`),DT(707,`--parallel [concurrency]`),cf(),DT(708,`, which builds monorepo projects in parallel when combined with `),Oa$1(709,`code`),DT(710,`--all`),cf(),DT(711,`. In addition, `),Oa$1(712,`code`),DT(713,`nest-cli.json`),cf(),DT(714,` gains an `),Oa$1(715,`code`),DT(716,`includeLibraryAssets`),cf(),DT(717,` property for copying library assets into an application build.`),cf(),Oa$1(718,`h4`,38)(719,`span`),DT(720,`Route conflict diagnostics`),cf()(),Oa$1(721,`p`),DT(722,`Nest registers routes in declaration order. On order-sensitive adapters such as Express, this means `),Oa$1(723,`code`),DT(724,`@Get(':id')`),cf(),DT(725,` can silently shadow a `),Oa$1(726,`code`),DT(727,`@Get('me')`),cf(),DT(728,` declared after it. v12 adds two `),Oa$1(729,`strong`),DT(730,`opt-in`),cf(),DT(731,` options to `),Oa$1(732,`code`),DT(733,`NestApplicationOptions`),cf(),DT(734,` to address this:`),cf(),Oa$1(735,`app-copy-button`)(736,`pre`)(737,`code`,22),DT(738,` 1771const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule, { 1772 routeConflictPolicy: { duplicate: 'error', shadow: 'warn' }, 1773 routeResolutionStrategy: 'specificity', 1774}); 1775`),cf()()(),Oa$1(739,`p`),DT(740,`Both default to the previous behavior, so existing applications are unaffected unless you set them. See the `),Oa$1(741,`a`,39),DT(742,`Controllers chapter`),cf(),DT(743,` for the full description.`),cf(),Oa$1(744,`h4`,40)(745,`span`),DT(746,`Machine-readable error codes`),cf()(),Oa$1(747,`p`)(748,`code`),DT(749,`HttpExceptionOptions`),cf(),DT(750,` accepts a new `),Oa$1(751,`code`),DT(752,`errorCode`),cf(),DT(753,` property. It is serialized into the response body, so clients can branch on a stable identifier instead of parsing the message string:`),cf(),Oa$1(754,`app-copy-button`)(755,`pre`)(756,`code`,22),DT(757,` 1776throw new BadRequestException('Password is too weak', { 1777 errorCode: 'WEAK_PASSWORD', 1778}); 1779`),cf()()(),Oa$1(758,`p`),DT(759,`See `),Oa$1(760,`a`,41),DT(761,`Machine-readable error codes`),cf(),DT(762,` in the Exception filters chapter.`),cf(),Oa$1(763,`h4`,42)(764,`span`),DT(765,`Structured logging params`),cf()(),Oa$1(766,`p`)(767,`code`),DT(768,`ConsoleLogger`),cf(),DT(769,` now treats plain objects passed after the message as structured params attached to the same log entry, instead of emitting them as separate records:`),cf(),Oa$1(770,`app-copy-button`)(771,`pre`)(772,`code`,22),DT(773,` 1780logger.log('User created', { userId: 1, email: '[email protected]' }); 1781`),cf()()(),Oa$1(774,`p`),DT(775,`In JSON mode, they are nested under a `),Oa$1(776,`code`),DT(777,`params`),cf(),DT(778,` key, or spread into the root object if you enable `),Oa$1(779,`code`),DT(780,`flattenParams`),cf(),DT(781,`. This behavior is on by default in v12; set `),Oa$1(782,`code`),DT(783,`structuredParams: false`),cf(),DT(784,` to restore the previous behavior. See `),Oa$1(785,`a`,43),DT(786,`Structured logging params`),cf(),DT(787,` in the Logger chapter.`),cf(),Oa$1(788,`h4`,44)(789,`span`),DT(790,`Native observability support`),cf()(),Oa$1(791,`p`),DT(792,`Version 12 adds first-class observability support through the official `),Oa$1(793,`a`,45)(794,`code`),DT(795,`@nestjs/observe`),cf()(),DT(796,` SDK. Instead of attaching a generic Node.js APM agent to the HTTP server, the SDK plugs into Nest's own request lifecycle through the `),Oa$1(797,`code`),DT(798,`instrument`),cf(),DT(799,` application option. As a result, requests, jobs, errors, and traces are reported in terms of your controllers, providers, resolvers, and queue consumers.`),cf(),Oa$1(800,`app-copy-button`)(801,`pre`)(802,`code`,22),DT(803,`
1782// app.module.ts 1783import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1784import { createObserveModule } from '@nestjs/observe'; 1785 1786export const { ObserveModule, ObserveInstrument } = createObserveModule(); 1787 1788@Module({ 1789 imports: [ObserveModule.forRoot({ serviceId: 'cats-app' })], 1790}) 1791export class AppModule {} 1792`),cf()()(),Oa$1(804,`app-copy-button`)(805,`pre`)(806,`code`,22),DT(807,` 1793// main.ts 1794import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core'; 1795import { AppModule, ObserveInstrument } from './app.module.js'; 1796 1797const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule, { 1798 instrument: ObserveInstrument, 1799}); 1800`),cf()()(),Oa$1(808,`p`),DT(809,`There is nothing to migrate here: it is a new, opt-in capability. See the `),Oa$1(810,`a`,5),DT(811,`Observability chapter`),cf(),DT(812,` for what auto-instrumentation covers, and the `),Oa$1(813,`a`,46),DT(814,`SDK reference`),cf(),DT(815,` for configuration options.`),cf(),Oa$1(816,`h4`,47)(817,`span`),DT(818,`Other notable release changes`),cf()(),Oa$1(819,`p`),DT(820,`Depending on which Nest packages you use, you may also want to review the following changes:`),cf(),Oa$1(821,`ul`)(822,`li`)(823,`strong`),DT(824,`Pipe transform signatures`),cf(),DT(825,` have been refined for stronger type safety, and `),Oa$1(826,`code`),DT(827,`ArgumentMetadata`),cf(),DT(828,` now takes a generic parameter. Custom pipes with hand-written signatures may need their types adjusted.`),cf(),Oa$1(829,`li`)(830,`strong`)(831,`code`),DT(832,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(833,` error format`),cf(),DT(834,`: the new `),Oa$1(835,`code`),DT(836,`errorFormat`),cf(),DT(837,` option (`),Oa$1(838,`code`),DT(839,`'list'`),cf(),DT(840,` or `),Oa$1(841,`code`),DT(842,`'grouped'`),cf(),DT(843,`) controls the shape of validation error responses.`),cf(),Oa$1(844,`li`)(845,`strong`),DT(846,`gRPC exception filter`),cf(),DT(847,`: `),Oa$1(848,`code`),DT(849,`GrpcExceptionFilter`),cf(),DT(850,`, plus a family of status-specific exceptions, maps errors to the proper gRPC status codes instead of `),Oa$1(851,`code`),DT(852,`UNKNOWN`),cf(),DT(853,`. See the `),Oa$1(854,`a`,48),DT(855,`gRPC chapter`),cf(),DT(856,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(857,`li`)(858,`strong`),DT(859,`Regex Kafka patterns`),cf(),DT(860,`: `),Oa$1(861,`code`),DT(862,`@MessagePattern()`),cf(),DT(863,` and `),Oa$1(864,`code`),DT(865,`@EventPattern()`),cf(),DT(866,` now accept a `),Oa$1(867,`code`),DT(868,`RegExp`),cf(),DT(869,` on the Kafka transport. See the `),Oa$1(870,`a`,49),DT(871,`Kafka chapter`),cf(),DT(872,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(873,`li`)(874,`strong`),DT(875,`Request-scoped WebSocket gateways`),cf(),DT(876,`: gateways now support request-scoped providers, with the socket injectable through the `),Oa$1(877,`code`),DT(878,`REQUEST`),cf(),DT(879,` token. See the `),Oa$1(880,`a`,50),DT(881,`Gateways chapter`),cf(),DT(882,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(883,`li`)(884,`strong`),DT(885,`WebSocket disconnect reason`),cf(),DT(886,`: `),Oa$1(887,`code`),DT(888,`handleDisconnect`),cf(),DT(889,` can now receive the reason for the disconnection.`),cf(),Oa$1(890,`li`)(891,`strong`),DT(892,`Microservices pre-request hook`),cf(),DT(893,`: a new hook runs before a message handler is invoked.`),cf(),Oa$1(894,`li`)(895,`strong`),DT(896,`Express graceful shutdown`),cf(),DT(897,`: the Express adapter now drains in-flight requests on shutdown.`),cf(),Oa$1(898,`li`)(899,`strong`),DT(900,`HTTP adapter error mapping`),cf(),DT(901,` has been reworked across the core, Express, and Fastify adapters.`),cf()(),Oa$1(902,`p`),DT(903,`If you depend on one of these areas, verify the corresponding behavior with your test suite after upgrading.`),cf(),Oa$1(904,`h4`,51)(905,`span`),DT(906,`Switching your project to ESM`),cf()(),Oa$1(907,`blockquote`,19)(908,`strong`),DT(909,`Optional`),cf(),DT(910,` This section and the next one are `),Oa$1(911,`strong`),DT(912,`not`),cf(),DT(913,` part of upgrading to v12, which is why they come last. A CommonJS application runs on v12 unchanged: `),Oa$1(914,`code`),DT(915,`nest upgrade`),cf(),DT(916,` doesn't touch your module format, and nothing in the framework requires you to switch. Read on only if you `),Oa$1(917,`em`),DT(918,`want`),cf(),DT(919,` to move your project to ESM, on whatever schedule suits you. 1801`),cf(),Oa$1(920,`p`),DT(921,`The switch itself happens in `),Oa$1(922,`code`),DT(923,`package.json`),cf(),DT(924,`, not in `),Oa$1(925,`code`),DT(926,`tsconfig.json`),cf(),DT(927,`. Add a `),Oa$1(928,`code`),DT(929,`type`),cf(),DT(930,` field set to `),Oa$1(931,`code`),DT(932,`module`),cf(),DT(933,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(934,`pre`)(935,`code`,52),DT(936,` 1802{ 1803 "name": "my-app", 1804 "type": "module" 1805} 1806`),cf()(),Oa$1(937,`p`),DT(938,`That single field tells Node.js (and, through `),Oa$1(939,`code`),DT(940,`"module": "nodenext"`),cf(),DT(941,`, TypeScript) to treat your `),Oa$1(942,`code`),DT(943,`.js`),cf(),DT(944,` output as ESM.`),cf(),Oa$1(945,`p`),DT(946,`Whether you also need to change `),Oa$1(947,`code`),DT(948,`tsconfig.json`),cf(),DT(949,` depends on how old your project is:`),cf(),Oa$1(950,`ul`)(951,`li`)(952,`strong`),DT(953,`Projects generated
1806with a recent v11 CLI`),cf(),DT(954,` (`),Oa$1(955,`code`),DT(956,`@nestjs/schematics`),cf(),DT(957,` 11.0.6 or later) already use `),Oa$1(958,`code`),DT(959,`"module": "nodenext"`),cf(),DT(960,` and `),Oa$1(961,`code`),DT(962,`"moduleResolution": "nodenext"`),cf(),DT(963,`. Nothing in `),Oa$1(964,`code`),DT(965,`tsconfig.json`),cf(),DT(966,` needs to change; adding `),Oa$1(967,`code`),DT(968,`"type": "module"`),cf(),DT(969,` is enough.`),cf(),Oa$1(970,`li`)(971,`strong`),DT(972,`Projects generated with earlier releases`),cf(),DT(973,` (v10, or early v11) typically still have `),Oa$1(974,`code`),DT(975,`"module": "commonjs"`),cf(),DT(976,` and no `),Oa$1(977,`code`),DT(978,`moduleResolution`),cf(),DT(979,` entry. Update both before adding `),Oa$1(980,`code`),DT(981,`"type": "module"`),cf(),DT(982,`:`),cf()(),Oa$1(983,`pre`)(984,`code`,52),DT(985,` 1807{ 1808 "compilerOptions": { 1809 "module": "nodenext", 1810 "moduleResolution": "nodenext", 1811 "resolvePackageJsonExports": true, 1812 "target": "ES2023" 1813 } 1814} 1815`),cf()(),Oa$1(986,`p`),DT(987,`For reference, this is the complete `),Oa$1(988,`code`),DT(989,`compilerOptions`),cf(),DT(990,` set used by the ESM project that `),Oa$1(991,`code`),DT(992,`nest new`),cf(),DT(993,` generates:`),cf(),Oa$1(994,`pre`)(995,`code`,52),DT(996,` 1816{ 1817 "compilerOptions": { 1818 "module": "nodenext", 1819 "moduleResolution": "nodenext", 1820 "resolvePackageJsonExports": true, 1821 "esModuleInterop": true, 1822 "isolatedModules": true, 1823 "declaration": true, 1824 "removeComments": true, 1825 "emitDecoratorMetadata": true, 1826 "experimentalDecorators": true, 1827 "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true, 1828 "target": "ES2023", 1829 "sourceMap": true, 1830 "outDir": "./dist", 1831 "rootDir": ".", 1832 "incremental": true, 1833 "skipLibCheck": true, 1834 "strict": true, 1835 "strictPropertyInitialization": false, 1836 "types": ["vitest/globals", "node"] 1837 } 1838} 1839`),cf()(),Oa$1(997,`blockquote`,9)(998,`strong`),DT(999,`Hint`),cf(),Oa$1(1e3,`code`),DT(1001,`nest-cli.json`),cf(),DT(1002,` and `),Oa$1(1003,`code`),DT(1004,`tsconfig.build.json`),cf(),DT(1005,` are identical in the CommonJS and ESM project variants, so neither needs changes. The `),Oa$1(1006,`code`),DT(1007,`types`),cf(),DT(1008,` entry above differs only because ESM projects default to Vitest; a CommonJS project on Jest uses `),Oa$1(1009,`code`),DT(1010,`["node", "jest"]`),cf(),DT(1011,` instead. 1840`),cf(),Oa$1(1012,`blockquote`,19)(1013,`strong`),DT(1014,`Warning`),cf(),Oa$1(1015,`code`),DT(1016,`"module": "nodenext"`),cf(),DT(1017,` derives the module format of each file from the nearest `),Oa$1(1018,`code`),DT(1019,`package.json`),cf(),DT(1020,`. Adding `),Oa$1(1021,`code`),DT(1022,`"type": "module"`),cf(),DT(1023,` therefore changes how `),Oa$1(1024,`strong`),DT(1025,`every`),cf(),Oa$1(1026,`code`),DT(1027,`.ts`),cf(),DT(1028,` file in the project is emitted, and TypeScript starts reporting the missing import extensions described below. Expect to fix them in the same pass rather than incrementally. 1841`),cf(),Oa$1(1029,`h4`,53)(1030,`span`),DT(1031,`Moving your own code to ESM`),cf()(),Oa$1(1032,`p`),DT(1033,`With the configuration in place, the two things in your own code that most often need attention are relative imports and CommonJS-only globals.`),cf(),Oa$1(1034,`p`),DT(1035,`Relative imports must carry a file extension:`),cf(),Oa$1(1036,`app-copy-button`)(1037,`pre`)(1038,`code`,22),DT(1039,` 1842// Before 1843import { AppModule } from './app.module'; 1844 1845// After 1846import { AppModule } from './app.module.js'; 1847`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1040,`p`),DT(1041,`The extension is `),Oa$1(1042,`code`),DT(1043,`.js`),cf(),DT(1044,` even though the source file is `),Oa$1(1045,`code`),DT(1046,`.ts`),cf(),DT(1047,`, because the specifier refers to the emitted file.`),cf(),Oa$1(1048,`p`)(1049,`code`),DT(1050,`__dirname`),cf(),DT(1051,` and `),Oa$1(1052,`code`),DT(1053,`__filename`),cf(),DT(1054,` do not exist in ESM. Use `),Oa$1(1055,`code`),DT(1056,`import.meta.dirname`),cf(),DT(1057,` instead (or `),Oa$1(1058,`code`),DT(1059,`import.meta.url`),cf(),DT(1060,` with `),Oa$1(1061,`code`),DT(1062,`fileURLToPath`),cf(),DT(1063,` on older Node.js versions):`),cf(),Oa$1(1064,`app-copy-button`)(1065,`pre`)(1066,`code`,22),DT(1067,` 1848// Before 1849protoPath: join(__dirname, 'hero/hero.proto'), 1850 1851// After 1852protoPath: join(import.meta.dirname, 'hero/hero.proto'), 1853`),cf()()(),Oa$1(1068,`p`),DT(1069,`Similarly, `),Oa$1(1070,`code`),DT(1071,`require()`),cf(),DT(1072,` is unavailable. If you need it for interop, create it explicitly with `),Oa$1(1073,`code`),DT(1074,`createRequire(import.meta.url)`),cf(),DT(1075,` from `),Oa$1(1076,`code`),DT(1077,`node:module`),cf(),DT(1078,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(1079,`blockquote`,9)(1080,`strong`),DT(1081,`Hint`),cf(),DT(1082,` Many code samples throughout these docs use the ESM conventions above. If your project is still CommonJS, drop the `),Oa$1(1083,`code`),DT(1084,`.js`),cf(),DT(1085,` extensions, keep `),Oa$1(1086,`code`),DT(1087,`__dirname`),cf(),DT(1088,`, and call `),Oa$1(1089,`code`),DT(1090,`bootstrap()`),cf
1853(),DT(1091,` without `),Oa$1(1092,`code`),DT(1093,`await`),cf(),DT(1094,`. 1854`),cf()(),Oa$1(1095,`a`,54),Za$1(1096,`i`,55),Oa$1(1097,`span`),DT(1098,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()()),a&2&&(UC(605),Wy(`db.pingCheck('database', `,`{`,` timeout: 1500 `,`}`,`)`))},dependencies:[xt,tn$1,tu],encapsulation:2})}return o})();var ta=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-modules`]],features:[My],decls:492,vars:44,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[`app7d4f7b92cc88b89307d07519ce04387b1d629baa`,``],[`app27dfdc9a89fff776349852015a66d54faf73b2f5`,``],[`app11c0fb9b5fd81af26ab3051730b0eb974839f7c4`,``],[`app5e36e71e3eb4051258ba2242406e288932f0736c`,``],[`app668ff84f7ace308fb4d2589737f59ddc5461a0ae`,``],[`app23de71e75df46c8bcb8f9b5f8b33078aff883ef7`,``],[`app15971bdbc3d41e4bdbf4b83426c3353f52c0dfdb`,``],[`appcc6dabb6095629a21b748877b10092fa85e4ae1e`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`modules`],[`src`,`/assets/Modules_1.png`,1,`illustrative-image`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`feature-modules`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOLID`],[1,`with-heading`],[1,`filename`],[1,`language-typescript`],[1,`info`],[1,`file-tree`],[1,`item`],[1,`children`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`shared-modules`],[`src`,`/assets/Shared_Module_1.png`,1,`illustrative-image`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`module-re-exporting`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`dependency-injection`],[`routerLink`,`/fundamentals/circular-dependency`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`global-modules`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://angular.dev`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`dynamic-modules`],[`href`,`/fundamentals/custom-providers#non-class-based-provider-tokens`],[1,`warning`],[`routerLink`,`/fundamentals/dynamic-modules`],[`href`,`/fundamentals/dynamic-modules#configurable-module-builder`],[`href`,`https://github.com/nestjs/docs.nestjs.com/edit/master/content/modules.md`,`target`,`_blank`,`rel`,`noopener`,1,`github-links`],[`aria-hidden`,`true`,1,`ph`,`ph-pencil-simple-line`]],template:function(a,s){if(a&1&&(Oa$1(0,`div`,9,0)(2,`div`,10)(3,`h3`,11),DT(4,`Modules`),cf(),Oa$1(5,`p`),DT(6,`A module is a class annotated with the `),Oa$1(7,`code`),DT(8,`@Module()`),cf(),DT(9,` decorator. The decorator provides metadata that `),Oa$1(10,`strong`),DT(11,`Nest`),cf(),DT(12,` uses to organize and manage the application structure.`),cf(),Oa$1(13,`figure`),Za$1(14,`img`,12),cf(),Oa$1(15,`p`),DT(16,`Every Nest application has at least one module, the `),Oa$1(17,`strong`),DT(18,`root module`),cf(),DT(19,`. It is the starting point from which Nest builds the `),Oa$1(20,`strong`),DT(21,`application graph`),cf(),DT(22,`, the internal structure Nest uses to resolve relationships and dependencies between modules and providers. A very small application may have only a root module, but most applications have multiple modules, each encapsulating a closely related set of `),Oa$1(23,`strong`),DT(24,`capabilities`),cf(),DT(25,`. Modules are the `),Oa$1(26,`strong`),DT(27,`recommended`),cf(),DT(28,` way to organize your components.`),cf(),Oa$1(29,`p`),DT(30,`The `),Oa$1(31,`code`),DT(32,`@Module()`),cf(),DT(33,` decorator takes a single object with properties that describe the module:`),cf(),Oa$1(34,`table`),Za$1(35,`thead`),Oa$1(36,`tbody`)(37,`tr`)(38,`td`)(39,`code`),DT(40,`providers`),cf()(),Oa$1(41,`td`),DT(42,`the providers that will be instantiated by the Nest injector and that may be shared at least across this module`),cf()(),Oa$1(43,`tr`)(44,`td`)(45,`code`),DT(46,`controllers`),cf()(),Oa$1(47,`td`),DT(48,`the set of controllers defined in this module that must be instantiated`),cf()(),Oa$1(49,`tr`)(50,`td`)(51,`code`),DT(52,`imports`),cf()(),Oa$1(53,`td`),DT(54,`the list of imported modules that export the providers required in this module`),cf()(),Oa$1(55,`tr`)(56,`td`)(57,`code`),DT(58,`exports`),cf()(),Oa$1(59,`td`),DT(60,`the subset of `),Oa$1(61,`code`),DT(62,`providers`),cf(),DT(63,` that this module provides and that should be available to other modules importing it. You can use either the provider itself or its token (the `),Oa$1(64,`code`),DT(65,`provide`),cf(),DT(66,` value)`),cf()()()(),Oa$1(67,`p`),DT(68,`A module `),Oa$1(69,`strong`),DT(70,`encapsulates`),cf
vendor: 4,893 bytes, lines 1854-1884
1854(),DT(71,` its providers by default: you can inject only providers that are part of the current module or that are explicitly exported by an imported module. A module's exported providers form its public interface, or API.`),cf(),Oa$1(72,`h4`,13)(73,`span`),DT(74,`Feature modules`),cf()(),Oa$1(75,`p`),DT(76,`In our example, `),Oa$1(77,`code`),DT(78,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(79,` and `),Oa$1(80,`code`),DT(81,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(82,` are closely related and serve the same application domain, so it makes sense to group them into a feature module. A feature module organizes the code for a specific feature, which keeps boundaries clear. This becomes more important as the application or team grows, and it aligns with the `),Oa$1(83,`a`,14),DT(84,`SOLID`),cf(),DT(85,` principles.`),cf(),Oa$1(86,`p`),DT(87,`Next, we'll create a `),Oa$1(88,`code`),DT(89,`CatsModule`),cf(),DT(90,` that groups the controller and the service:`),cf(),Oa$1(91,`app-copy-button`,15)(92,`span`,16),DT(93),AT(94,`extension`),Za$1(95,`app-tabs`,null,1),cf(),Oa$1(97,`pre`)(98,`code`,17),DT(99,` 1855import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1856import { CatsController } from './cats.controller.js'; 1857import { CatsService } from './cats.service.js'; 1858 1859@Module({ 1860 controllers: [CatsController], 1861 providers: [CatsService], 1862}) 1863export class CatsModule {} 1864`),cf()()(),Oa$1(100,`blockquote`,18)(101,`strong`),DT(102,`Hint`),cf(),DT(103,` To create a module with the CLI, run `),Oa$1(104,`code`),DT(105,`$ nest g module cats`),cf(),DT(106,`. 1865`),cf(),Oa$1(107,`p`),DT(108,`Above, we defined `),Oa$1(109,`code`),DT(110,`CatsModule`),cf(),DT(111,` in the `),Oa$1(112,`code`),DT(113,`cats.module.ts`),cf(),DT(114,` file and moved everything related to it into the `),Oa$1(115,`code`),DT(116,`cats`),cf(),DT(117,` directory. The last step is to import this module into the root module (`),Oa$1(118,`code`),DT(119,`AppModule`),cf(),DT(120,`, defined in the `),Oa$1(121,`code`),DT(122,`app.module.ts`),cf(),DT(123,` file):`),cf(),Oa$1(124,`app-copy-button`,15)(125,`span`,16),DT(126),AT(127,`extension`),Za$1(128,`app-tabs`,null,2),cf(),Oa$1(130,`pre`)(131,`code`,17),DT(132,` 1866import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1867import { CatsModule } from './cats/cats.module.js'; 1868 1869@Module({ 1870 imports: [CatsModule], 1871}) 1872export class AppModule {} 1873`),cf()()(),Oa$1(133,`p`),DT(134,`The directory structure now looks like this:`),cf(),Oa$1(135,`div`,19)(136,`div`,20),DT(137,`src`),cf(),Oa$1(138,`div`,21)(139,`div`,20),DT(140,`cats`),cf(),Oa$1(141,`div`,21)(142,`div`,20),DT(143,`dto`),cf(),Oa$1(144,`div`,21)(145,`div`,20),DT(146,`create-cat.dto.ts`),cf()(),Oa$1(147,`div`,20),DT(148,`interfaces`),cf(),Oa$1(149,`div`,21)(150,`div`,20),DT(151,`cat.interface.ts`),cf()(),Oa$1(152,`div`,20),DT(153,`cats.controller.ts`),cf(),Oa$1(154,`div`,20),DT(155,`cats.module.ts`),cf(),Oa$1(156,`div`,20),DT(157,`cats.service.ts`),cf()(),Oa$1(158,`div`,20),DT(159,`app.module.ts`),cf(),Oa$1(160,`div`,20),DT(161,`main.ts`),cf()()(),Oa$1(162,`h4`,22)(163,`span`),DT(164,`Shared modules`),cf()(),Oa$1(165,`p`),DT(166,`In Nest, modules are `),Oa$1(167,`strong`),DT(168,`singletons`),cf(),DT(169,` by default, so you can share the same instance of any provider between multiple modules.`),cf(),Oa$1(170,`figure`),Za$1(171,`img`,23),cf(),Oa$1(172,`p`),DT(173,`Every module is automatically a `),Oa$1(174,`strong`),DT(175,`shared module`),cf(),DT(176,`: once created, it can be reused by any other module. Suppose you want to share an instance of `),Oa$1(177,`code`),DT(178,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(179,` between several other modules. To do so, first `),Oa$1(180,`strong`),DT(181,`export`),cf(),DT(182,` the `),Oa$1(183,`code`),DT(184,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(185,` provider by adding it to the module's `),Oa$1(186,`code`),DT(187,`exports`),cf(),DT(188,` array:`),cf(),Oa$1(189,`app-copy-button`,15)(190,`span`,16),DT(191),AT(192,`extension`),Za$1(193,`app-tabs`,null,3),cf(),Oa$1(195,`pre`)(196,`code`,17),DT(197,` 1874import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1875import { CatsController } from './cats.controller.js'; 1876import { CatsService } from './cats.service.js'; 1877 1878@Module({ 1879 controllers: [CatsController], 1880 providers: [CatsService], 1881 exports: [CatsService], 1882}) 1883export class CatsModule {} 1884`),cf()()(),Oa$1(198,`p`),DT(199,`Any module that imports `),Oa$1(200,`code`),DT(201,`CatsModule`),cf(),DT(202,` now has access to `),Oa$1(203,`code`),DT(204,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(205,` and shares the same instance with every other module that imports it.`),cf(),Oa$1(206,`p`),DT(207,`Registering `),Oa$1(208,`code`),DT(209,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(210,` directly in every module that needs it would also work, but each module would then get its own separate instance of the service. Multiple instances increase memory usage and can cause unexpected behavior, such as inconsistent state if the service holds internal state.`),cf(),Oa$1(211,`p`),DT(212,`Encapsulating `),Oa$1(213,`
1884code`),DT(214,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(215,` in a module such as `),Oa$1(216,`code`),DT(217,`CatsModule`),cf(),DT(218,` and exporting it ensures that every module importing `),Oa$1(219,`code`),DT(220,`CatsModule`),cf(),DT(221,` reuses the same instance. This reduces memory consumption and makes behavior more predictable, because shared state and resources are managed in one place. Sharing services efficiently across the application is one of the key benefits of modularity and dependency injection.`),cf(),Oa$1(222,`p`),Za$1(223,`app-banner-devtools`),cf(),Oa$1(224,`h4`,24)(225,`span`),DT(226,`Module re-exporting`),cf()(),Oa$1(227,`p`),DT(228,`As shown above, modules can export their internal providers. They can also re-export modules that they import. In the example below, `),Oa$1(229,`code`),DT(230,`CommonModule`),cf(),DT(231,` is both imported into `),Oa$1(232,`strong`),DT(233,`and`),cf(),DT(234,` exported from `),Oa$1(235,`code`),DT(236,`CoreModule`),cf(),DT(237,`, which makes it available to any module that imports `),Oa$1(238,`code`),DT(239,`CoreModule`),cf(),DT(240,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(241,`app-copy-button`)(242,`pre`)(243,`code`,17),DT(244,` 1885@Module({ 1886 imports: [CommonModule], 1887 exports: [CommonModule], 1888}) 1889export class CoreModule {} 1890`),cf()()(),Oa$1(245,`h4`,25)(246,`span`),DT(247,`Dependency injection`),cf()(),Oa$1(248,`p`),DT(249,`A module class can also `),Oa$1(250,`strong`),DT(251,`inject`),cf(),DT(252,` providers (e.g., for configuration purposes):`),cf(),Oa$1(253,`app-copy-button`,15)(254,`span`,16),DT(255),AT(256,`extension`),Za$1(257,`app-tabs`,null,4),cf(),Oa$1(259,`pre`)(260,`code`,17),DT(261,` 1891import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1892import { CatsController } from './cats.controller.js'; 1893import { CatsService } from './cats.service.js'; 1894 1895@Module({ 1896 controllers: [CatsController], 1897 providers: [CatsService], 1898}) 1899export class CatsModule { 1900 constructor(private catsService: CatsService) {} 1901} 1902`),cf()(),Oa$1(262,`pre`)(263,`code`,17),DT(264,` 1903import { Module, Dependencies } from '@nestjs/common'; 1904import { CatsController } from './cats.controller.js'; 1905import { CatsService } from './cats.service.js'; 1906 1907@Module({ 1908 controllers: [CatsController], 1909 providers: [CatsService], 1910}) 1911@Dependencies(CatsService) 1912export class CatsModule { 1913 constructor(catsService) { 1914 this.catsService = catsService; 1915 } 1916} 1917`),cf()()(),Oa$1(265,`p`),DT(266,`However, module classes themselves cannot be injected as providers due to `),Oa$1(267,`a`,26),DT(268,`circular dependencies`),cf(),DT(269,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(270,`h4`,27)(271,`span`),DT(272,`Global modules`),cf()(),Oa$1(273,`p`),DT(274,`Importing the same set of modules everywhere can become tedious. In `),Oa$1(275,`a`,28),DT(276,`Angular`),cf(),DT(277,`, `),Oa$1(278,`code`),DT(279,`providers`),cf(),DT(280,` are registered in the global scope and, once defined, are available everywhere. Nest, by contrast, encapsulates providers inside the module scope: you can't use a module's providers elsewhere without first importing the module that encapsulates them.`),cf(),Oa$1(281,`p`),DT(282,`To make a set of providers available everywhere out of the box (e.g., helpers or database connections), make the module `),Oa$1(283,`strong`),DT(284,`global`),cf(),DT(285,` with the `),Oa$1(286,`code`),DT(287,`@Global()`),cf(),DT(288,` decorator:`),cf(),Oa$1(289,`app-copy-button`)(290,`pre`)(291,`code`,17),DT(292,` 1918import { Module, Global } from '@nestjs/common'; 1919import { CatsController } from './cats.controller.js'; 1920import { CatsService } from './cats.service.js'; 1921 1922@Global() 1923@Module({ 1924 controllers: [CatsController], 1925 providers: [CatsService], 1926 exports: [CatsService], 1927}) 1928export class CatsModule {} 1929`),cf()()(),Oa$1(293,`p`),DT(294,`The `),Oa$1(295,`code`),DT(296,`@Global()`),cf(),DT(297,` decorator makes the module global-scoped. Register global modules `),Oa$1(298,`strong`),DT(299,`only once`),cf(),DT(300,`, typically in the root or core module. In the example above, the `),Oa$1(301,`code`),DT(302,`CatsService`),cf(),DT(303,` provider is available everywhere, and modules that inject it don't need to add `),Oa$1(304,`code`),DT(305,`CatsModule`),cf(),DT(306,` to their `),Oa$1(307,`code`),DT(308,`imports`),cf(),DT(309,` array.`),cf(),Oa$1(310,`blockquote`,18)(311,`strong`),DT(312,`Hint`),cf(),DT(313,` Making everything global is not a recommended design practice. Global modules reduce boilerplate, but the `),Oa$1(314,`code`),DT(315,`imports`),cf(),DT(316,` array makes a module's API available to other modules in a controlled, explicit way. This keeps the application structure maintainable, shares only the parts of a module that others need, and avoids unnecessary coupling between unrelated parts of the application. 1930`),cf(),Oa$1(317,`h4`,29)(318,`span`),DT(319,`Dynamic modules`),cf
vendor: 4,388 bytes, lines 1930-2007
1930()(),Oa$1(320,`p`),DT(321,`Dynamic modules let you create modules that are configured at runtime. They are useful when a module's providers depend on options supplied by the module that imports it. For example, the following `),Oa$1(322,`code`),DT(323,`FeatureFlagsModule`),cf(),DT(324,` receives the application's feature flags through its static `),Oa$1(325,`code`),DT(326,`forRoot()`),cf(),DT(327,` method:`),cf(),Oa$1(328,`app-copy-button`,15)(329,`span`,16),DT(330),AT(331,`extension`),Za$1(332,`app-tabs`,null,5),cf(),Oa$1(334,`pre`)(335,`code`,17),DT(336,` 1931import { DynamicModule, Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1932import { FEATURE_FLAGS } from './feature-flags.constants.js'; 1933import { FeatureFlagsService } from './feature-flags.service.js'; 1934 1935@Module({ 1936 providers: [FeatureFlagsService], 1937 exports: [FeatureFlagsService], 1938}) 1939export class FeatureFlagsModule { 1940 static forRoot(flags: Record<string, boolean>): DynamicModule { 1941 return { 1942 module: FeatureFlagsModule, 1943 providers: [{ provide: FEATURE_FLAGS, useValue: flags }], 1944 }; 1945 } 1946} 1947`),cf()(),Oa$1(337,`pre`)(338,`code`,17),DT(339,` 1948import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1949import { FEATURE_FLAGS } from './feature-flags.constants.js'; 1950import { FeatureFlagsService } from './feature-flags.service.js'; 1951 1952@Module({ 1953 providers: [FeatureFlagsService], 1954 exports: [FeatureFlagsService], 1955}) 1956export class FeatureFlagsModule { 1957 static forRoot(flags) { 1958 return { 1959 module: FeatureFlagsModule, 1960 providers: [{ provide: FEATURE_FLAGS, useValue: flags }], 1961 }; 1962 } 1963} 1964`),cf()()(),Oa$1(340,`p`),DT(341,`The `),Oa$1(342,`code`),DT(343,`FEATURE_FLAGS`),cf(),DT(344,` injection token is a plain constant (`),Oa$1(345,`code`),DT(346,`export const FEATURE_FLAGS = 'FEATURE_FLAGS';`),cf(),DT(347,`), as described in `),Oa$1(348,`a`,30),DT(349,`Non-class-based provider tokens`),cf(),DT(350,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(351,`blockquote`,18)(352,`strong`),DT(353,`Hint`),cf(),DT(354,` The `),Oa$1(355,`code`),DT(356,`forRoot()`),cf(),DT(357,` method may return a dynamic module either synchronously or asynchronously (i.e., via a `),Oa$1(358,`code`),DT(359,`Promise`),cf(),DT(360,`). 1965`),cf(),Oa$1(361,`p`),DT(362,`The properties returned by `),Oa$1(363,`code`),DT(364,`forRoot()`),cf(),Oa$1(365,`strong`),DT(366,`extend`),cf(),DT(367,` (rather than override) the metadata defined in the `),Oa$1(368,`code`),DT(369,`@Module()`),cf(),DT(370,` decorator. The resulting module therefore has both the statically declared `),Oa$1(371,`code`),DT(372,`FeatureFlagsService`),cf(),DT(373,` and the dynamically registered `),Oa$1(374,`code`),DT(375,`FEATURE_FLAGS`),cf(),DT(376,` provider. Because they belong to the same module, the service can inject the flags:`),cf(),Oa$1(377,`app-copy-button`,15)(378,`span`,16),DT(379),AT(380,`extension`),Za$1(381,`app-tabs`,null,6),cf(),Oa$1(383,`pre`)(384,`code`,17),DT(385,` 1966import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 1967import { FEATURE_FLAGS } from './feature-flags.constants.js'; 1968 1969@Injectable() 1970export class FeatureFlagsService { 1971 constructor( 1972 @Inject(FEATURE_FLAGS) private readonly flags: Record<string, boolean>, 1973 ) {} 1974 1975 isEnabled(flag: string): boolean { 1976 return this.flags[flag] ?? false; 1977 } 1978} 1979`),cf()(),Oa$1(386,`pre`)(387,`code`,17),DT(388,` 1980import { Dependencies, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 1981import { FEATURE_FLAGS } from './feature-flags.constants.js'; 1982 1983@Injectable() 1984@Dependencies(FEATURE_FLAGS) 1985export class FeatureFlagsService { 1986 constructor(flags) { 1987 this.flags = flags; 1988 } 1989 1990 isEnabled(flag) { 1991 return this.flags[flag] ?? false; 1992 } 1993} 1994`),cf()()(),Oa$1(389,`p`),DT(390,`The module exports only `),Oa$1(391,`code`),DT(392,`FeatureFlagsService`),cf(),DT(393,`, so the flags themselves stay an implementation detail of the module.`),cf(),Oa$1(394,`p`),DT(395,`Import and configure the `),Oa$1(396,`code`),DT(397,`FeatureFlagsModule`),cf(),DT(398,` as follows:`),cf(),Oa$1(399,`app-copy-button`,15)(400,`span`,16),DT(401),AT(402,`extension`),Za$1(403,`app-tabs`,null,7),cf(),Oa$1(405,`pre`)(406,`code`,17),DT(407,` 1995import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 1996import { FeatureFlagsModule } from './feature-flags/feature-flags.module.js'; 1997 1998@Module({ 1999 imports: [ 2000 FeatureFlagsModule.forRoot({ 2001 newCheckout: true, 2002 betaDashboard: false, 2003 }), 2004 ], 2005}) 2006export class AppModule {} 2007`),cf()()(),Oa$1(408,`p`),DT(409,`Only the module that imports `),Oa$1(4
200710,`code`),DT(411,`FeatureFlagsModule.forRoot()`),cf(),DT(412,` can inject `),Oa$1(413,`code`),DT(414,`FeatureFlagsService`),cf(),DT(415,`. Calling `),Oa$1(416,`code`),DT(417,`forRoot()`),cf(),DT(418,` again in another module would create a second, separately configured instance. To share a single instance, configure the module once and re-export it. To re-export a dynamic module, list the module class in the `),Oa$1(419,`code`),DT(420,`exports`),cf(),DT(421,` array, without calling `),Oa$1(422,`code`),DT(423,`forRoot()`),cf(),DT(424,` again:`),cf(),Oa$1(425,`app-copy-button`,15)(426,`span`,16),DT(427),AT(428,`extension`),Za$1(429,`app-tabs`,null,8),cf(),Oa$1(431,`pre`)(432,`code`,17),DT(433,` 2008import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 2009import { FeatureFlagsModule } from '../feature-flags/feature-flags.module.js'; 2010 2011@Module({ 2012 imports: [ 2013 FeatureFlagsModule.forRoot({ 2014 newCheckout: true, 2015 betaDashboard: false, 2016 }), 2017 ], 2018 exports: [FeatureFlagsModule], 2019}) 2020export class CoreModule {} 2021`),cf()()(),Oa$1(434,`p`),DT(435,`Every module that imports `),Oa$1(436,`code`),DT(437,`CoreModule`),cf(),DT(438,` can now inject `),Oa$1(439,`code`),DT(440,`FeatureFlagsService`),cf(),DT(441,`, and all of them share the same flags.`),cf(),Oa$1(442,`p`),DT(443,`Alternatively, to register a dynamic module in the global scope, set the `),Oa$1(444,`code`),DT(445,`global`),cf(),DT(446,` property to `),Oa$1(447,`code`),DT(448,`true`),cf(),DT(449,` in the object returned by `),Oa$1(450,`code`),DT(451,`forRoot()`),cf(),DT(452,`. `),Oa$1(453,`code`),DT(454,`FeatureFlagsService`),cf(),DT(455,` then becomes injectable everywhere, without importing any module:`),cf(),Oa$1(456,`app-copy-button`)(457,`pre`)(458,`code`,17),DT(459,` 2022return { 2023 global: true, 2024 module: FeatureFlagsModule, 2025 providers: [{ provide: FEATURE_FLAGS, useValue: flags }], 2026}; 2027`),cf()()(),Oa$1(460,`blockquote`,31)(461,`strong`),DT(462,`Warning`),cf(),DT(463,` As mentioned above, making everything global `),Oa$1(464,`strong`),DT(465,`is not a good design decision`),cf(),DT(466,`. 2028`),cf(),Oa$1(467,`p`),DT(468,`Options known only at runtime, such as values read by `),Oa$1(469,`code`),DT(470,`ConfigService`),cf(),DT(471,`, call for an asynchronous variant of `),Oa$1(472,`code`),DT(473,`forRoot()`),cf(),DT(474,`. The `),Oa$1(475,`a`,32),DT(476,`Dynamic modules`),cf(),DT(477,` chapter covers this and more.`),cf(),Oa$1(478,`blockquote`,18)(479,`strong`),DT(480,`Hint`),cf(),DT(481,` To learn how to build highly customizable dynamic modules with `),Oa$1(482,`code`),DT(483,`ConfigurableModuleBuilder`),cf(),DT(484,`, see the `),Oa$1(485,`a`,33),DT(486,`Configurable module builder`),cf(),DT(487,` section. 2029`),cf()(),Oa$1(488,`a`,34),Za$1(489,`i`,35),Oa$1(490,`span`),DT(491,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()()),a&2){let l=QS(96),d=QS(129),m=QS(194),h=QS(258),u=QS(333),b=QS(382),S=QS(404),k=QS(430);UC(93),hf(` `,OT(94,20,`cats/cats.module`,l.isJsActive),` 2030`),UC(33),hf(` `,OT(127,23,`app.module`,d.isJsActive),` 2031`),UC(65),hf(` `,OT(192,26,`cats.module`,m.isJsActive),` 2032`),UC(64),hf(` `,OT(256,29,`cats.module`,h.isJsActive),` 2033`),UC(4),By(`hide`,h.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!h.isJsActive),UC(68),hf(` `,OT(331,32,`feature-flags.module`,u.isJsActive),` 2034`),UC(4),By(`hide`,u.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!u.isJsActive),UC(42),hf(` `,OT(380,35,`feature-flags.service`,b.isJsActive),` 2035`),UC(4),By(`hide`,b.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!b.isJsActive),UC(15),hf(` `,OT(402,38,`app.module`,S.isJsActive),` 2036`),UC(26),hf(` `,OT(428,41,`core.module`,k.isJsActive),` 2037`)}},dependencies:[xt,tn$1,u,s,tu,g],encapsulation:2})}return o})();var na=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-pipes`]],features:[My],decls:958,vars:72,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[`app77fac9372851a3f2c81335cc8b7975fdd8d15a30`,``],[`app0f26de212e2ac43ba0bea7fe98973a34a0b16b72`,``],[`appb6a59c84004558e7a32ecab3c5e5765c4959e8e1`,``],[`app37217e71cfc7b4c306ee920bd22f436fdc0d09b7`,``],[`app1fd065a7aa52e6638b9b9791c28551ee57aec3c6`,``],[`app05e3900cb30634748b6b11f161fa64cc23d7031b`,``],[`appb17a89be6b802e725820308ab5a1bd500a85d34d`,``],[`app0770f8e5f00f76be5820f317f05ff08be0a47979`,``],[`appc8929a3f5841a2b5de00e32f853bd9b28a366096`,``],[`app6bdc5842e7aebbec1f850dfd46858c99c213f514`,``],[`appa7d905bbda65458adc3238e539460ebfd70a142d`,``],[`appd689e4500f10064e6bfd22f62ef3128eaf8b7745`,``],[`appe98f5742ee0101965b3cf6b28e460c531903072a`,``],[`app81e1e43187a61c542174dc439de10967a596feb5`,``],[`app672f366107b34d7190ad7d8be8606c6e16d9b123`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`pipes`],[`src`,`/assets/Pipe_1.png`,1,`illustrative-image`],[`href`,`controllers#route-parameters`],[1,`info`],[`routerLink`,`/exception-filters`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`built-in-pipes`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`binding-pipes`],[1,`language-typescript`],[1,`language-bash`],[1,`language-json`],[1,`with-heading`],[1,`filename`],[`routerLink`,`/application/validation`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`custom-pipes`],[`routerLink`,`/custom-decorators`],[1,`warning`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`schema-based-validation`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://standardschema.dev/`],[`href`,`/application/validation#schema-based-validation`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`object-schema-validation`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://zod.dev/`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`binding-validation-pipes`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`class-validator`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://github.com/typestack/class-validator`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://github.com/typestack/class-validator#usage`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://github.com/typestack/class-transformer`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://github.com/typestack/class-validator#custom-validation-classes`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`global-scoped-pipes`],[`routerLink`,`/faq/hybrid-application`],[`routerLink`,`/fundamentals/custom-providers`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`the-built-in-validationpipe`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`transformation-use-case`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`providing-defaults`],[`href`,`https://github.com/nestjs/docs.nestjs.com/edit/master/content/pipes.md`,`target`,`_blank`,`rel`,`noopener`,1,`github-links`],[`aria-hidden`,`true`,1,`ph`,`ph-pencil-simple-line`]],template:function(a,s){if(a&1&&(Oa$1(0,`div`,16,0)(2,`div`,17)(3,`h3`,18),DT(4,`Pipes`),cf(),Oa$1(5,`p`),DT(6,`A pipe is a class annotated with the `),Oa$1(7,`code`),DT(8,`@Injectable()`),cf(),DT(9,` decorator that implements the `),Oa$1(10,`code`),DT(11,`PipeTransform`),cf(),DT(12,` interface.`),cf(),Oa$1(13,`figure`),Za$1(14,`img`,19),cf(),Oa$1(15,`p`),DT(16,`Pipes have tw
2037o typical use cases:`),cf(),Oa$1(17,`ul`)(18,`li`)(19,`strong`),DT(20,`transformation`),cf(),DT(21,`: transform input data to the desired form (e.g., from string to integer)`),cf(),Oa$1(22,`li`)(23,`strong`),DT(24,`validation`),cf(),DT(25,`: evaluate input data and, if valid, pass it through unchanged; otherwise, throw an exception`),cf()(),Oa$1(26,`p`),DT(27,`In both cases, pipes operate on the arguments being processed by a `),Oa$1(28,`a`,20),DT(29,`controller route handler`),cf(),DT(30,`. Nest interposes a pipe immediately before a method is invoked; the pipe receives the arguments destined for the method and operates on them. Any transformation or validation takes place at that point, after which the route handler is invoked with the (potentially) transformed arguments.`),cf(),Oa$1(31,`p`),DT(32,`Nest comes with a number of built-in pipes that you can use out of the box, and you can also build your own. This chapter introduces the built-in pipes and shows how to bind them to route handlers. It then walks through several custom pipes to show how to build one from scratch.`),cf(),Oa$1(33,`blockquote`,21)(34,`strong`),DT(35,`Hint`),cf(),DT(36,` Pipes run inside the exceptions zone. An exception thrown by a pipe is handled by the exceptions layer (the global exception filter and any `),Oa$1(37,`a`,22),DT(38,`exception filters`),cf(),DT(39,` applied to the current context). When a pipe throws an exception, the route handler is not executed. This makes pipes the recommended place to validate data that enters the application from external sources, at the system boundary. 2038`),cf(),Oa$1(40,`h4`,23)(41,`span`),DT(42,`Built-in pipes`),cf()(),Oa$1(43,`p`),DT(44,`Nest provides the following pipes out of the box, all exported from the `),Oa$1(45,`code`),DT(46,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(47,` package:`),cf(),Oa$1(48,`ul`)(49,`li`)(50,`code`),DT(51,`ValidationPipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(52,`li`)(53,`code`),DT(54,`StandardSchemaValidationPipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(55,`li`)(56,`code`),DT(57,`ParseIntPipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(58,`li`)(59,`code`),DT(60,`ParseFloatPipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(61,`li`)(62,`code`),DT(63,`ParseBoolPipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(64,`li`)(65,`code`),DT(66,`ParseArrayPipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(67,`li`)(68,`code`),DT(69,`ParseUUIDPipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(70,`li`)(71,`code`),DT(72,`ParseEnumPipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(73,`li`)(74,`code`),DT(75,`DefaultValuePipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(76,`li`)(77,`code`),DT(78,`ParseFilePipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(79,`li`)(80,`code`),DT(81,`ParseDatePipe`),cf()()(),Oa$1(82,`p`),DT(83,`Let's start with `),Oa$1(84,`code`),DT(85,`ParseIntPipe`),cf(),DT(86,`. It is an example of the `),Oa$1(87,`strong`),DT(88,`transformation`),cf(),DT(89,` use case: the pipe ensures that a route handler parameter is converted to a JavaScript integer, or throws an exception if the conversion fails. Later in this chapter, we'll build a simple custom implementation of `),Oa$1(90,`code`),DT(91,`ParseIntPipe`),cf(),DT(92,`. The techniques below also apply to the other built-in transformation pipes (`),Oa$1(93,`code`),DT(94,`ParseBoolPipe`),cf(),DT(95,`, `),Oa$1(96,`code`),DT(97,`ParseFloatPipe`),cf(),DT(98,`, `),Oa$1(99,`code`),DT(100,`ParseEnumPipe`),cf(),DT(101,`, `),Oa$1(102,`code`),DT(103,`ParseArrayPipe`),cf(),DT(104,`, `),Oa$1(105,`code`),DT(106,`ParseDatePipe`),cf(),DT(107,`, and `),Oa$1(108,`code`),DT(109,`ParseUUIDPipe`),cf(),DT(110,`), which this chapter refers to collectively as the `),Oa$1(111,`code`),DT(112,`Parse*`),cf(),DT(113,` pipes.`),cf(),Oa$1(114,`h4`,24)(115,`span`),DT(116,`Binding pipes`),cf()(),Oa$1(117,`p`),DT(118,`To use a pipe, bind an instance of the pipe class to the appropriate context. In the `),Oa$1(119,`code`),DT(120,`ParseIntPipe`),cf(),DT(121,` example, we want to associate the pipe with a particular route handler method and make sure it runs before the method is called. The following construct does this; we refer to it as binding the pipe at the method parameter level:`),cf(),Oa$1(122,`app-copy-button`)(123,`pre`)(124,`code`,25),DT(125,` 2039@Get(':id') 2040async findOne(@Param('id', ParseIntPipe) id: number) { 2041 return this.catsService.findOne(id); 2042} 2043`),cf()()(),Oa$1(126,`p`),DT(127,`This guarantees one of two outcomes: either the parameter received by `),Oa$1(128,`code`),DT(129,`findOne()`),cf(),DT(130,` is a number (as `),Oa$1(131,`code`),DT(132,`this.catsService.findOne()`),cf(),DT(133,` expects), or an exception is thrown before the route handler is called.`),cf(),Oa$1(134,`p`),DT(135,`For example, suppose the route is called as follows:`),cf(),Oa$1(136,`pre`)(137,`code`,26),DT(138,` 2044GET localhost:3000/abc 2045`),cf()(),Oa$1(139,`p`),DT(140,`Nest throws an exception, which produces the following response:`),cf(),Oa$1(141,`pre`)(142,`code`,27),DT(143,` 2046{ 2047 "statusCode": 400, 2048 "message": "Validation failed (numeric string is expected)", 2049 "error": "Bad Request" 2050} 2051`),cf()(),Oa$1(144,`p`),DT(145,`The exception prevents the body of the `),Oa$1(146,`code`),DT(147,`findOne()`),cf(),DT(148,` method from executing.`),cf(),Oa$1(149,`p`),DT(150,`In the example above, we pass a class (`),Oa$1(151,`code`),DT(152,`ParseIntPipe`),cf(),DT(153,`), not an instance. This leaves instantiation to the framework and enables dependency injection. As with guards and exception filters, you can instead pass an in-place instance, which is useful when you want to customize the built-in pipe's behavior b
2051y passing options:`),cf(),Oa$1(154,`app-copy-button`)(155,`pre`)(156,`code`,25),DT(157,` 2052@Get(':id') 2053async findOne( 2054 @Param('id', new ParseIntPipe({ errorHttpStatusCode: HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE })) 2055 id: number, 2056) { 2057 return this.catsService.findOne(id); 2058} 2059`),cf()()(),Oa$1(158,`p`),DT(159,`The other transformation pipes (all of the `),Oa$1(160,`strong`),DT(161,`Parse*`),cf(),DT(162,` pipes) are bound the same way. They work with route parameters, query string parameters, and request body values.`),cf(),Oa$1(163,`p`),DT(164,`For example, with a query string parameter:`),cf(),Oa$1(165,`app-copy-button`)(166,`pre`)(167,`code`,25),DT(168,` 2060@Get() 2061async findOne(@Query('id', ParseIntPipe) id: number) { 2062 return this.catsService.findOne(id); 2063} 2064`),cf()()(),Oa$1(169,`p`),DT(170,`The following example uses `),Oa$1(171,`code`),DT(172,`ParseUUIDPipe`),cf(),DT(173,` to verify that a string parameter is a UUID:`),cf(),Oa$1(174,`app-copy-button`,28)(175,`span`,29),Za$1(176,`app-tabs`,null,1),cf(),Oa$1(178,`pre`)(179,`code`,25),DT(180,` 2065@Get(':uuid') 2066async findOne(@Param('uuid', new ParseUUIDPipe()) uuid: string) { 2067 return this.catsService.findOne(uuid); 2068} 2069`),cf()(),Oa$1(181,`pre`)(182,`code`,25),DT(183,` 2070@Get(':uuid') 2071@Bind(Param('uuid', new ParseUUIDPipe())) 2072async findOne(uuid) { 2073 return this.catsService.findOne(uuid); 2074} 2075`),cf()()(),Oa$1(184,`blockquote`,21)(185,`strong`),DT(186,`Hint`),cf(),DT(187,` By default, `),Oa$1(188,`code`),DT(189,`ParseUUIDPipe`),cf(),DT(190,` accepts a UUID of any version (versions 1 through 8, Nil, and Max
2075UUIDs). To require a specific version, pass the `),Oa$1(191,`code`),DT(192,`version`),cf(),DT(193,` option (`),Oa$1(194,`code`),DT(195,`'1'`),cf(),DT(196,`, `),Oa$1(197,`code`),DT(198,`'2'`),cf(),DT(199,`, `),Oa$1(200,`code`),DT(201,`'3'`),cf(),DT(202,`, `),Oa$1(203,`code`),DT(204,`'4'`),cf(),DT(205,`, `),Oa$1(206,`code`),DT(207,`'5'`),cf(),DT(208,`, `),Oa$1(209,`code`),DT(210,`'6'`),cf(),DT(211,`, `),Oa$1(212,`code`),DT(213,`'7'`),cf(),DT(214,`, or `),Oa$1(215,`code`),DT(216,`'8'`),cf(),DT(217,`). 2076`),cf(),Oa$1(218,`p`),DT(219,`Binding validation pipes works slightly differently; we cover it later in this chapter.`),cf(),Oa$1(220,`blockquote`,21)(221,`strong`),DT(222,`Hint`),cf(),DT(223,` See `),Oa$1(224,`a`,30),DT(225,`Validation techniques`),cf(),DT(226,` for extensive examples of validation pipes. 2077`),cf(),Oa$1(227,`h4`,31)(228,`span`),DT(229,`Custom pipes`),cf()(),Oa$1(230,`p`),DT(231,`As mentioned, you can build your own pipes. Although Nest provides robust built-in `),Oa$1(232,`code`),DT(233,`ParseIntPipe`),cf(),DT(234,` and `),Oa$1(235,`code`),DT(236,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(237,` implementations, let's build simple versions of each from scratch to see how custom pipes are constructed.`),cf(),Oa$1(238,`p`),DT(239,`We start with a simple `),Oa$1(240,`code`),DT(241,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(242,`. Initially, it takes an input value and returns it unchanged, behaving like an identity function.`),cf(),Oa$1(243,`app-copy-button`,28)(244,`span`,29),DT(245),AT(246,`extension`),Za$1(247,`app-tabs`,null,2),cf(),Oa$1(249,`pre`)(250,`code`,25),DT(251,` 2078import { PipeTransform, Injectable, ArgumentMetadata } from '@nestjs/common'; 2079 2080@Injectable() 2081export class ValidationPipe implements PipeTransform { 2082 transform(value: any, metadata: ArgumentMetadata) { 2083 return value; 2084 } 2085} 2086`),cf()(),Oa$1(252,`pre`)(253,`code`,25),DT(254,` 2087import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common'; 2088 2089@Injectable() 2090export class ValidationPipe { 2091 transform(value, metadata) { 2092 return value; 2093 } 2094} 2095`),cf()()(),Oa$1(255,`blockquote`,21)(256,`strong`),DT(257,`Hint`),cf(),Oa$1(258,`code`),DT(259,`PipeTransform<T, R>`),cf(),DT(260,` is a generic interface that every pipe must implement. `),Oa$1(261,`code`),DT(2
vendor: 4,321 bytes, lines 2095-2106
209562,`T`),cf(),DT(263,` indicates the type of the input `),Oa$1(264,`code`),DT(265,`value`),cf(),DT(266,`, and `),Oa$1(267,`code`),DT(268,`R`),cf(),DT(269,` indicates the return type of the `),Oa$1(270,`code`),DT(271,`transform()`),cf(),DT(272,` method. 2096`),cf(),Oa$1(273,`p`),DT(274,`Every pipe must implement the `),Oa$1(275,`code`),DT(276,`transform()`),cf(),DT(277,` method to fulfill the `),Oa$1(278,`code`),DT(279,`PipeTransform`),cf(),DT(280,` interface contract. This method has two parameters:`),cf(),Oa$1(281,`ul`)(282,`li`)(283,`code`),DT(284,`value`),cf()(),Oa$1(285,`li`)(286,`code`),DT(287,`metadata`),cf()()(),Oa$1(288,`p`),DT(289,`The `),Oa$1(290,`code`),DT(291,`value`),cf(),DT(292,` parameter is the method argument currently being processed (before the route handler receives it), and `),Oa$1(293,`code`),DT(294,`metadata`),cf(),DT(295,` is that argument's metadata. The metadata object has the following properties:`),cf(),Oa$1(296,`app-copy-button`)(297,`pre`)(298,`code`,25),DT(299,` 2097export interface ArgumentMetadata { 2098 type: 'body' | 'query' | 'param' | 'custom'; 2099 metatype?: Type<unknown>; 2100 data?: string; 2101 schema?: StandardSchemaV1; 2102} 2103`),cf()()(),Oa$1(300,`p`),DT(301,`These properties describe the argument being processed:`),cf(),Oa$1(302,`table`)(303,`tr`)(304,`td`)(305,`code`),DT(306,`type`),cf()(),Oa$1(307,`td`),DT(308,`Indicates whether the argument is a body (`),Oa$1(309,`code`),DT(310,`@Body()`),cf(),DT(311,`), query (`),Oa$1(312,`code`),DT(313,`@Query()`),cf(),DT(314,`), param (`),Oa$1(315,`code`),DT(316,`@Param()`),cf(),DT(317,`), or custom parameter (see `),Oa$1(318,`a`,32),DT(319,`custom decorators`),cf(),DT(320,`).`),cf()(),Oa$1(321,`tr`)(322,`td`)(323,`code`),DT(324,`metatype`),cf()(),Oa$1(325,`td`),DT(326,` The metatype of the argument, for example, `),Oa$1(327,`code`),DT(328,`String`),cf(),DT(329,`. The value is `),Oa$1(330,`code`),DT(331,`undefined`),cf(),DT(332,` if you omit the type declaration in the route handler signature or use vanilla JavaScript. `),cf()(),Oa$1(333,`tr`)(334,`td`)(335,`code`),DT(336,`data`),cf()(),Oa$1(337,`td`),DT(338,`The string passed to the decorator, for example, `),Oa$1(339,`code`),DT(340,`@Body('string')`),cf(),DT(341,`. It's `),Oa$1(342,`code`),DT(343,`undefined`),cf(),DT(344,` if you don't pass a string to the decorator, as in `),Oa$1(345,`code`),DT(346,`@Body()`),cf(),DT(347,`.`),cf()(),Oa$1(348,`tr`)(349,`td`)(350,`code`),DT(351,`schema`),cf()(),Oa$1(352,`td`),DT(353,` A Standard Schema compatible schema attached through parameter decorator options such as `),Oa$1(354,`code`),DT(355),cf(),DT(356,` or `),Oa$1(357,`code`),DT(358),cf(),DT(359,`. It's `),Oa$1(360,`code`),DT(361,`undefined`),cf(),DT(362,` if no schema is attached. `),cf()()(),Oa$1(363,`blockquote`,33)(364,`strong`),DT(365,`Warning`),cf(),DT(366,` TypeScript interfaces disappear during transpilation. If a method parameter's type is declared as an interface instead of a class, the `),Oa$1(367,`code`),DT(368,`metatype`),cf(),DT(369,` value is `),Oa$1(370,`code`),DT(371,`Object`),cf(),DT(372,`. 2104`),cf(),Oa$1(373,`blockquote`,21)(374,`strong`),DT(375,`Hint`),cf(),DT(376,` The built-in `),Oa$1(377,`code`),DT(378,`StandardSchemaValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(379,` uses the `),Oa$1(380,`code`),DT(381,`schema`),cf(),DT(382,` field to validate arguments with any Standard Schema compatible library. Arguments without a schema pass through unchanged. 2105`),cf(),Oa$1(383,`h4`,34)(384,`span`),DT(385,`Schema based validation`),cf()(),Oa$1(386,`blockquote`,21)(387,`strong`),DT(388,`Hint`),cf(),DT(389,` The following sections build validation pipes from scratch to show how pipes work. For schema-based validation in production, use the built-in `),Oa$1(390,`code`),DT(391,`StandardSchemaValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(392,` instead. It works with Zod, Valibot, ArkType, and any other `),Oa$1(393,`a`,35),DT(394,`Standard Schema`),cf(),DT(395,` compatible library, and reads the schema you attach through the `),Oa$1(396,`code`),DT(397,`schema`),cf(),DT(398,` option of parameter decorators such as `),Oa$1(399,`code`),DT(400,`@Body()`),cf(),DT(401,` and `),Oa$1(402,`code`),DT(403,`@Param()`),cf(),DT(404,`. See `),Oa$1(405,`a`,36),DT(406,`Schema-based validation`),cf(),DT(407,` for details. 2106`),cf(),Oa$1(408,`p`),DT(409,`Let's make our validation pipe more useful. C
2106onsider the `),Oa$1(410,`code`),DT(411,`create()`),cf(),DT(412,` method of the `),Oa$1(413,`code`),DT(414,`CatsController`),cf(),DT(415,`: we want to ensure that the POST body object is valid before running the service method.`),cf(),Oa$1(416,`app-copy-button`,28)(417,`span`,29),Za$1(418,`app-tabs`,null,3),cf(),Oa$1(420,`pre`)(421,`code`,25),DT(422,` 2107@Post() 2108async create(@Body() createCatDto: CreateCatDto) { 2109 this.catsService.create(createCatDto); 2110} 2111`),cf()(),Oa$1(423,`pre`)(424,`code`,25),DT(425,` 2112@Post() 2113async create(@Body() createCatDto) { 2114 this.catsService.create(createCatDto); 2115} 2116`),cf()()(),Oa$1(426,`p`),DT(427,`The `),Oa$1(428,`code`),DT(429,`createCatDto`),cf(),DT(430,` body parameter is of type `),Oa$1(431,`code`),DT(432,`CreateCatDto`),cf(),DT(433,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(434,`app-copy-button`,28)(435,`span`,29),DT(436),AT(437,`extension`),Za$1(438,`app-tabs`,null,4),cf(),Oa$1(440,`pre`)(441,`code`,25),DT(442,` 2117export class CreateCatDto { 2118 name: string; 2119 age: number; 2120 breed: string; 2121} 2122`),cf()()(),Oa$1(443,`p`),DT(444,`Every request to the `),Oa$1(445,`code`),DT(446,`create()`),cf(),DT(447,` method must contain a valid body, so we need to validate the three members of the `),Oa$1(448,`code`),DT(449,`createCatDto`),cf(),DT(450,` object. We could do this inside the route handler, but that would break the `),Oa$1(451,`strong`),DT(452,`single responsibility principle`),cf(),DT(453,` (SRP).`),cf(),Oa$1(454,`p`),DT(455,`Another approach is to create a `),Oa$1(456,`strong`),DT(457,`validator class`),cf(),DT(458,` and delegate the task to it. The disadvantage is that we would have to remember to call the validator at the beginning of each method.`),cf(),Oa$1(459,`p`),DT(460,`What about validation middleware? This could work, but it's not possible to create `),Oa$1(461,`strong`),DT(462,`generic middleware`),cf(),DT(463,` that can be used in every context across the application. Middleware is unaware of the `),Oa$1(464,`strong`),DT(465,`execution context`),cf(),DT(466,`, including the handler that will be called and its parameters.`),cf(),Oa$1(467,`p`),DT(468,`Pipes are designed for exactly this use case, so we will refine our validation pipe.`),cf(),Oa$1(469,`p`),Za$1(470,`app-banner-courses`),cf(),Oa$1(471,`h4`,37)(472,`span`),DT(473,`Object schema validation`),cf()(),Oa$1(474,`p`),DT(475,`There are several ways to validate objects in a clean, `),Oa$1(476,`a`,38),DT(477,`DRY`),cf(),DT(478,` way. One common approach is `),Oa$1(479,`strong`),DT(480,`schema-based`),cf(),DT(481,` validation, which we use here.`),cf(),Oa$1(482,`p`),DT(483,`The `),Oa$1(484,`a`,39),DT(485,`Zod`),cf(),DT(486,` library lets you define schemas with a readable API. Let's build a validation pipe that uses Zod schemas.`),cf(),Oa$1(487,`p`),DT(488,`Start by installing the required package:`),cf(),Oa$1(489,`pre`)(490,`code`,26),DT(491,` 2123$ npm install --save zod 2124`),cf()(),Oa$1(492,`p`),DT(493,`The class below takes a schema as a constructor argument and calls `),Oa$1(494,`code`),DT(495,`schema.parse()`),cf(),DT(496,`, which validates the incoming argument against that schema.`),cf(),Oa$1(497,`p`),DT(498,`As noted earlier, a `),Oa$1(499,`strong`),DT(500,`validation pipe`),cf(),DT(501,` either returns the value or throws an exception. This pipe returns the value parsed by the schema, or throws a `),Oa$1(502,`code`),DT(503,`BadRequestException`),cf(),DT(504,` if validation fails.`),cf(),Oa$1(505,`p`),DT(506,`The next section shows how to supply the appropriate schema for a given route handler using the `),Oa$1(507,`code`),DT(508,`@UsePipes()`),cf(),DT(509,` decorator. This makes the validation pipe reusable across contexts, which is what we set out to do.`),cf(),Oa$1(510,`app-copy-button`,28)(511,`span`,29),Za$1(512,`app-tabs`,null,5),cf(),Oa$1(514,`pre`)(515,`code`,25),DT(516,` 2125import { PipeTransform, ArgumentMetadata, BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common'; 2126import { ZodType } from 'zod'; 2127 2128export class ZodValidationPipe implements PipeTransform { 2129 constructor(private schema: ZodType) {} 2130 2131 transform(value: unknown, metadata: ArgumentMetadata) { 2132 try { 2133 const parsedValue = this.schema.parse(value); 2134 return parsedValue; 2135 } catch (error) { 2136 throw new BadRequestException('Validation failed'); 2137 } 2138 } 2139} 2140`),cf()(),Oa$1(517,`pre`)(518,`code`,25),DT(519,` 2141import { BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common'; 2142 2143export class ZodValidationPipe { 2144 constructor(schema) { 2145 this.schema = schema; 2146 } 2147 2148 transform(value, metadata) { 2149 try { 2150 const parsedValue = this.schema.parse(value); 2151 return parsedValue; 2152 } catch (error) { 2153 throw new BadRequestException('Validation failed'); 2154 } 2155 } 2156} 2157`),cf()()(),Oa$1(520,`h4`,40)(521,`span`),DT(522,`Binding validation pipes`),cf()(),Oa$1(523,`p`),DT(524,`Earlier, we saw how to bind transformation pipes (such as `),Oa$1(525,`code`),DT(526,`ParseIntPipe`),cf(),DT(527,` and the rest of the `),Oa$1(528,`code`),DT(529,`Parse*`),cf(),DT(530,` pipes). Binding validation pipes is equally straightforward.`),cf(),Oa$1(531,`p`),DT(532,`In this case, we want to bind the pipe at the method level. To use the `),Oa$1(533,`code`),DT(534,`ZodValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(535,` in our example, we need to:`),cf(),Oa$1(536,`ol`)(537,`li`),DT(538,`Create an instance of the `),Oa$1(539,`code`),DT(540,`ZodValidationPipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(541,`li`),DT(542,`Pass the context-specific Zod schema to the pipe's constructor`),cf(),Oa$1(543,`li`),DT(544,`Bind the pipe to the method`),cf()(),Oa$1(545,`p`),DT(546,`Here's an example Zod schema:`),cf(),Oa$1(547,`app-copy-button`)(548,`pre`)(549,`code`,25),DT(550,` 2158import { z } from 'zod'; 2159 2160export const createCatSchema = z.object({ 2161 name: z.string(), 2162 age: z.number(), 2163 breed: z.string(), 2164}); 2165 2166export type CreateCatDto = z.infer<typeof createCatSchema>; 2167`),cf()()(),Oa$1(551,`p`),DT(552,`Bind the pipe with the `),Oa$1(553,`code`),DT(554,`@UsePipes()`),cf
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2167(),DT(555,` decorator:`),cf(),Oa$1(556,`app-copy-button`,28)(557,`span`,29),DT(558),AT(559,`extension`),Za$1(560,`app-tabs`,null,6),cf(),Oa$1(562,`pre`)(563,`code`,25),DT(564,` 2168@Post() 2169@UsePipes(new ZodValidationPipe(createCatSchema)) 2170async create(@Body() createCatDto: CreateCatDto) { 2171 this.catsService.create(createCatDto); 2172} 2173`),cf()(),Oa$1(565,`pre`)(566,`code`,25),DT(567,` 2174@Post() 2175@Bind(Body()) 2176@UsePipes(new ZodValidationPipe(createCatSchema)) 2177async create(createCatDto) { 2178 this.catsService.create(createCatDto); 2179} 2180`),cf()()(),Oa$1(568,`blockquote`,21)(569,`strong`),DT(570,`Hint`),cf(),DT(571,` The `),Oa$1(572,`code`),DT(573,`@UsePipes()`),cf(),DT(574,` decorator is imported from the `),Oa$1(575,`code`),DT(576,`@nestjs/common`),cf(),DT(577,` package. 2181`),cf(),Oa$1(578,`p`),DT(579,`You can also bind the `),Oa$1(580,`code`),DT(581,`ZodValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(582,` to a specific parameter, alongside built-in pipes. The following example validates the `),Oa$1(583,`code`),DT(584,`id`),cf(),DT(585,` route parameter with `),Oa$1(586,`code`),DT(587,`ParseIntPipe`),cf(),DT(588,` and the request body with `),Oa$1(589,`code`),DT(590,`ZodValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(591,`:`),cf(),Oa$1(592,`app-copy-button`)(593,`pre`)(594,`code`,25),DT(595,` 2182@Put('/:id') 2183async update( 2184 @Param('id', ParseIntPipe) id: number, 2185 @Body(new ZodValidationPipe(createCatSchema)) body: CreateCatDto 2186): Promise<void> { 2187 this.catsService.update(id, body); 2188} 2189`),cf()()(),Oa$1(596,`blockquote`,33)(597,`strong`),DT(598,`Warning`),cf(),DT(599,` The `),Oa$1(600,`code`),DT(601,`zod`),cf(),DT(602,` library requires the `),Oa$1(603,`code`),DT(604,`strictNullChecks`),cf(),DT(605,` compiler option to be enabled in your `),Oa$1(606,`code`),DT(607,`tsconfig.json`),cf(),DT(608,` file. 2190`),cf(),Oa$1(609,`h4`,41)(610,`span`),DT(611,`Class validator`),cf()(),Oa$1(612,`blockquote`,33)(613,`strong`),DT(614,`Warning`),cf(),DT(615,` The techniques in this section require TypeScript and are not available if your app is written in vanilla JavaScript. 2191`),cf(),Oa$1(616,`p`),DT(617,`This section presents an alternative implementation of our validation technique.`),cf(),Oa$1(618,`p`),DT(619,`Nest works well with the `),Oa$1(620,`a`,42),DT(621,`class-validator`),cf(),DT(622,` library, which provides decorator-based validation. Decorator-based validation pairs well with Nest's `),Oa$1(623,`strong`),DT(624,`pipe`),cf(),DT(625,` capabilities, because a pipe has access to the `),Oa$1(626,`code`),DT(627,`metatype`),cf(),DT(628,` of the processed argument. Before we start, install the required packages:`),cf(),Oa$1(629,`pre`)(630,`code`,26),DT(631,` 2192$ npm i --save class-validator class-transformer 2193`),cf()(),Oa$1(632,`p`),DT(633,`Once these are installed, add a few decorators to the `),Oa$1(634,`code`),DT(635,`CreateCatDto`),cf(),DT(636,` class. This shows a significant advantage of the technique: the `),Oa$1(637,`code`),DT(638,`CreateCatDto`),cf(),DT(639,` class remains the single source of truth for the POST body object, so you don't need a separate validation class.`),cf(),Oa$1(640,`app-copy-button`,28)(641,`span`,29),DT(642),AT(643,`extension`),Za$1(644,`app-tabs`,null,7),cf(),Oa$1(646,`pre`)(647,`code`,25),DT(648,` 2194import { IsString, IsInt } from 'class-validator'; 2195 2196export class CreateCatDto { 2197 @IsString() 2198 name: string; 2199 2200 @IsInt() 2201 age: number; 2202 2203 @IsString() 2204 breed: string; 2205} 2206`),cf()()(),Oa$1(649,`blockquote`,21)(650,`strong`),DT(651,`Hint`),cf(),DT(652,` Read more about class-validator decorators in the `),Oa$1(653,`a`,43),DT(654,`class-validator documentation`),cf(),DT(655,`. 2207`),cf(),Oa$1(656,`p`),DT(657,`We can now create a `),Oa$1(658,`code`),DT(659,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(660,` class that uses these decorators.`),cf(),Oa$1(661,`app-copy-button`,28)(662,`span`,29),DT(663),AT(664,`extension`),Za$1(665,`app-tabs`,null,8),cf(),Oa$1(667,`pre`)(668,`code`,25),DT(669,` 2208import { PipeTransform, Injectable, ArgumentMetadata, BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common'; 2209import { validate } from 'class-validator'; 2210import { plainToInstance } from 'class-transformer'; 2211 2212@Injectable() 2213export class ValidationPipe implements PipeTransform<any> { 2214 async transform(value: any, { metatype }: ArgumentMetadata) { 2215 if (!metatype || !this.toValidate(metatype)) { 2216 return value; 2217 } 2218 const object = plainToInstance(metatype, value); 2219 const errors = await validate(object); 2220 if (errors.length > 0) { 2221 throw new BadRequestException('Validation failed'); 2222 } 2223 return value; 2224 } 2225 2226 private toValidate(metatype: Function): boolean { 2227 const types: Function[] = [String, Boolean, Number, Array, Object]; 2228 return !types.includes(metatype); 2229 } 2230} 2231`),cf()()(),Oa$1(670,`blockquote`,21)(671,`strong`),DT(672,`Hint`),cf(),DT(673,` This pipe is intentionally basic. You don't have to build a generic validation pipe yourself: Nest provides a more capable `),Oa$1(674,`code`),DT(675,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(676,` out of the box, described at the end of this section. 2232`),cf(),Oa$1(677,`blockquote`,33)(678,`strong`),DT(679,`Notice`),cf(),DT(680,` The code above uses the `),Oa$1(681,`a`,44),DT(682,`class-transformer`),cf(),DT(683,` library, which is made by the same author as the `),Oa$1(684,`strong`),DT(685,`class-validator`),cf(),DT(686,` library, so the two work well together. 2233`),cf(),Oa$1(687,`p`),DT(688,`Let's go through this code. First, the `),Oa$1(689,`code`),DT(690,`transform()`),cf(),DT(691,` method is marked as `),Oa$1(692,`code`),DT(693,`async`),cf(),DT(694,`. This is possible because Nest supports both synchronous and `),Oa$1(695,`strong`),DT(696,`asynchronous`),cf(),DT(697,` pipes. We make this method `),Oa$1(698,`code`),DT(699,`async`),cf(),DT(700,` because some class-validator validations `),Oa$1(701,`a`,45),DT(702,`can be async`),cf(),DT(703,` (they return promises).`),cf(),Oa$1(704,`p`),DT(705,`Next, we use destructuring to extract the `),Oa$1(706,`code`),DT(707,`metatype`),cf(),DT(708,` field from the `),Oa$1(709,`code`),DT(710,`ArgumentMetadata`),cf(),DT(711,` object. This is shorthand for receiving the full `),Oa$1(712,`code`),DT(713,`ArgumentMetadata`),cf(),DT(714,` and then assigning the `),Oa$1(715,`code`),DT(716,`metatype`),cf(),DT(717,` variable in a separate statement.`),cf(),Oa$1(718,`p`),DT(719,`The helper method `),Oa$1(720,`code`),DT(721,`toValidate()`),cf(),DT(722,` skips validation when the argument being processed is a native JavaScript type. Native types can't have validation decorators attached, so there's no reason to validate them.`),cf(),Oa$1(723,`p`),DT(724,`Next, we use the class-transformer function `),Oa$1(725,`code`),DT(726,`plainToInstance()`),cf(),DT(727,` to transform the plain JavaScript argument object into a typed object so that we can apply validation. This is necessary because the incoming POST body, when deserialized from the network request, does `),Oa$1(728,`strong`),DT(729,`not have any type information`),cf(),DT(730,` (this is how the underlying platform, such as Express, works). Because class-validator relies on the validation decorators defined on the DTO earlier, we transform the incoming body into an instance of the decorated class rather than validating a plain object.`),cf(),Oa$1(731,`p`),DT(732,`Finally, because this is a `),Oa$1(733,`strong`),DT(734,`validation pipe`),cf(),DT(735,`, it either returns the value unchanged or throws an exception.`),cf(),Oa$1(736,`p`),DT(737,`The last step is to bind the `),Oa$1(738,`code`),DT(739,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(740,`. Pipes can be parameter-scoped, method-scoped, controller-scoped, or global-scoped. Earlier, we bound the Zod-based validation pipe at the method level with `),Oa$1(741,`code`),DT(742,`@UsePipes()`),cf(),DT(743,`. In the example below, we bind the pipe instance to the route handler's `),Oa$1(744,`code`),DT(745,`@Body()`),cf(),DT(746,` decorator so that the pipe validates the POST body.`),cf(),Oa$1(747,`app-copy-button`,28)(748,`span`,29),DT(749),AT(750,`extension`),Za$1(751,`app-tabs`,null,9),cf(),Oa$1(753,`pre`)(754,`code`,25),DT(755,` 2234@Post() 2235async create( 2236 @Body(new ValidationPipe()) createCatDto: CreateCatDto, 2237) { 2238 this.catsService.create(createCatDto); 2239} 2240`),cf()()(),Oa$1(756,`p`),DT(757,`Parameter-scoped pipes are useful when the validation logic concerns only one parameter.`),cf(),Oa$1(758,`h4`,46)(759,`span`),DT(760,`Global scoped pipes`),cf()(),Oa$1(761,`p`),DT(762,`Because the `),Oa$1(763,`code`),DT(764,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(765,` is designed to be as generic as possible, it is most useful as a `),Oa$1(766,`strong`),DT(767,`global-scoped`),cf(),DT(768,` pipe, applied to every route handler across the entire application.`),cf(),Oa$1(769,`app-copy-button`,28)(770,`span`,29),DT(771),AT(772,`extension`),Za$1(773,`app-tabs`,null,10),cf(),Oa$1(775,`pre`)(776,`code`,25),DT(777,` 2241async function bootstrap() { 2242 const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule); 2243 app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe()); 2244 await app.listen(process.env.PORT ?? 3000); 2245} 2246await bootstrap(); 2247`),cf()()(),Oa$1(778,`blockquote`,33)(779,`strong`),DT(780,`Notice`),cf(),DT(781,` In a hybrid application, `),Oa$1(782,`code`),DT(783,`useGlobalPipes()`),cf(),DT(784,` doesn't set up pipes for connected microservices by default (see `),Oa$1(785,`a`,47),DT(786,`Hybrid application`),cf(),DT(787,` to change this behavior). In a standard (non-hybrid) microservice application, `),Oa$1(788,`code`),DT(789,`useGlobalPipes()`),cf(),DT(790,` does mount the pipes globally. 2248`),cf(),Oa$1(791,`p`),DT(792,`Global pipes registered outside of any module (with `),Oa$1(793,`code`),DT(794,`useGlobalPipes()`),cf(),DT(795,`, as in the example above) cannot inject dependencies, because the binding happens outside the context of any module. To solve this, you can register a global pipe `),Oa$1(796,`strong`),DT(797,`directly from any module`),cf(),DT(798,` using the following construction:`),cf(),Oa$1(799,`app-copy-button`,28)(800,`span`,29),DT(801),AT(802,`extension`),Za$1(803,`app-tabs`,null,11),cf(),Oa$1(805,`pre`)(806,`code`,25),DT(807,` 2249import { Module } from '@nestjs/common'; 2250import { APP_PIPE } from '@nestjs/core'; 2251 2252@Module({ 2253 providers: [ 2254 { 2255 provide: APP_PIPE, 2256 useClass: ValidationPipe, 2257 }, 2258 ], 2259}) 2260export class AppModule {} 2261`),cf()()(),Oa$1(808,`blockquote`,21)(809,`strong`),DT(810,`Hint`),cf(),DT(811,` When you use this approach to perform dependency injection for the pipe, the pipe is global regardless of the module in which you register it. Register it in the module where the pipe (`),Oa$1(812,`code`),DT(813,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(814,` in the example above) is defined. `),Oa$1(815,`code`),DT(816,`useClass`),cf(),DT(817,` is not the only way to register a custom provider; learn more in `),Oa$1(818,`a`,48),DT(819,`Custom providers`),cf(),DT(820,`. 2262`),cf(),Oa$1(821,`h4`,49)(822,`span`),DT(823,`The built-in ValidationPipe`),cf()(),Oa$1(824,`p`),DT(825,`You don't have to build a generic validation pipe yourself: Nest provides `),Oa$1(826,`code`),DT(827,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(828,` out of the box. The built-in `),Oa$1(829,`code`),DT(830,`ValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(831,` offers more options than the sample built in this chapter, which is kept basic to illustrate the mechanics of a custom pipe. For schema-based validation, Nest also provides the built-in `),Oa$1(832,`code`),DT(833,`StandardSchemaValidationPipe`),cf(),DT(834,`. See `),Oa$1(835,`a`,30),DT(836,`Validation techniques`),cf(),DT(837,` for full details and many examples.`),cf(),Oa$1(838,`h4`,50)(839,`span`),DT(840,`Transformation use case`),cf()(),Oa$1(841,`p`),DT(842,`Validation isn't the only use case for custom pipes. As mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, a pipe can also `),Oa$1(843,`strong`),DT(844,`transform`),cf(),DT(845,` input data to the desired format. This is possible because the value returned from the `),Oa$1(846,`code`),DT(847,`transform()`),cf(),DT(848,` method replaces the previous value of the argument.`),cf(),Oa$1(849,`p`),DT(850,`When is this useful? Sometimes the data passed from the client needs to be changed (for example, converted from a string to an integer) before the route handler can process it. Some required fields may also be missing, and you may want to apply default values. `),Oa$1(851,`strong`),DT(852,`Transformation pipes`),cf(),DT(853,` perform these functions by interposing a processing function between the client request and the route handler.`),cf(),Oa$1(854,`p`),DT(855,`Here's a simple `),Oa$1(856,`code`),DT(857,`ParseIntPipe`),cf(),DT(858,` that parses a string into an integer. (As noted above, Nest has a more sophisticated built-in `),Oa$1(859,`code`),DT(860,`ParseIntPipe`),cf(),DT(861,`; this is a simple example of a custom transformation pipe.)`),cf(),Oa$1(862,`app-copy-button`,28)(863,`span`,29),DT(864),AT(865,`extension`),Za$1(866,`app-tabs`,null,12),cf(),Oa$1(868,`pre`)(869,`code`,25),DT(870,` 2263import { PipeTransform, Injectable, ArgumentMetadata, BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common'; 2264 2265@Injectable() 2266export class ParseIntPipe implements PipeTransform<string, number> { 2267 transform(value: string, metadata: ArgumentMetadata): number { 2268 const val = parseInt(value, 10); 2269 if (isNaN(val)) { 2270 throw new BadRequestException('Validation failed'); 2271 } 2272 return val; 2273 } 2274} 2275`),cf()(),Oa$1(871,`pre`)(872,`code`,25),DT(873,` 2276import { Injectable, BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common'; 2277 2278@Injectable() 2279export class ParseIntPipe { 2280 transform(value, metadata) { 2281 const val = parseInt(value, 10); 2282 if (isNaN(val)) { 2283 throw new BadRequestException('Validation failed'); 2284 } 2285 return val; 2286 } 2287} 2288`),cf()()(),Oa$1(874,`p`),DT(875,`We can then bind this pipe to the selected parameter:`),cf(),Oa$1(876,`app-copy-button`,28)(877,`span`,29),Za$1(878,`app-tabs`,null,13),cf(),Oa$1(880,`pre`)(881,`code`,25),DT(882,` 2289@Get(':id') 2290async findOne(@Param('id', new ParseIntPipe()) id) { 2291 return this.catsService.findOne(id); 2292} 2293`),cf()(),Oa$1(883,`pre`)(884,`code`,25),DT(885,` 2294@Get(':id') 2295@Bind(Param('id', new ParseIntPipe())) 2296async findOne(id) { 2297 return this.catsService.findOne(id); 2298} 2299`),cf()()(),Oa$1(886,`p`),DT(887,`Another useful transformation is to look up an `),Oa$1(888,`strong`),DT(889,`existing user`),cf(),DT(890,` entity in the database using an ID supplied in the request:`),cf(),Oa$1(891,`app-copy-button`,28)(892,`span`,29),Za$1(893,`app-tabs`,null,14),cf(),Oa$1(895,`pre`)(896,`code`,25),DT(897,` 2300@Get(':id') 2301findOne(@Param('id', UserByIdPipe) userEntity: UserEntity) { 2302 return userEntity; 2303} 2304`),cf()(),Oa$1(898,`pre`)(899,`code`,25),DT(900,` 2305@Get(':id') 2306@Bind(Param('id', UserByIdPipe)) 2307findOne(userEntity) { 2308 return userEntity; 2309} 2310`),cf()()(),Oa$1(901,`p`),DT(902,`We leave the implementation of this pipe to the reader. Like all other transformation pipes, it receives an input value (an `),Oa$1(903,`code`),DT(904,`id`),cf(),DT(905,`) and returns an output value (a `),Oa$1(906,`code`),DT(907,`UserEntity`),cf
2310(),DT(908,` object). This makes your code more declarative and `),Oa$1(909,`a`,38),DT(910,`DRY`),cf(),DT(911,` by moving boilerplate out of the route handler and into a reusable pipe.`),cf(),Oa$1(912,`h4`,51)(913,`span`),DT(914,`Providing defaults`),cf()(),Oa$1(915,`p`),DT(916,`By default, `),Oa$1(917,`code`),DT(918,`Parse*`),cf(),DT(919,` pipes expect a parameter's value to be defined and throw an exception when they receive `),Oa$1(920,`code`),DT(921,`null`),cf(),DT(922,` or `),Oa$1(923,`code`),DT(924,`undefined`),cf(),DT(925,` (unless you set their `),Oa$1(926,`code`),DT(927,`optional`),cf(),DT(928,` option to `),Oa$1(929,`code`),DT(930,`true`),cf(),DT(931,`). To let an endpoint handle missing query string parameters, provide a default value that is applied before the `),Oa$1(932,`code`),DT(933,`Parse*`),cf(),DT(934,` pipes operate on it. The `),Oa$1(935,`code`),DT(936,`DefaultValuePipe`),cf(),DT(937,` serves this purpose. Instantiate a `),Oa$1(938,`code`),DT(939,`DefaultValuePipe`),cf(),DT(940,` in the `),Oa$1(941,`code`),DT(942,`@Query()`),cf(),DT(943,` decorator before the relevant `),Oa$1(944,`code`),DT(945,`Parse*`),cf(),DT(946,` pipe, as shown below:`),cf(),Oa$1(947,`app-copy-button`,28)(948,`span`,29),Za$1(949,`app-tabs`,null,15),cf(),Oa$1(951,`pre`)(952,`code`,25),DT(953,` 2311@Get() 2312async findAll( 2313 @Query('activeOnly', new DefaultValuePipe(false), ParseBoolPipe) activeOnly: boolean, 2314 @Query('page', new DefaultValuePipe(0), ParseIntPipe) page: number, 2315) { 2316 return this.catsService.findAll({ activeOnly, page }); 2317} 2318`),cf()()()(),Oa$1(954,`a`,52),Za$1(955,`i`,53),Oa$1(956,`span`),DT(957,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()()),a&2){let l=QS(177),d=QS(248),m=QS(419),h=QS(439),u=QS(513),b=QS(561),S=QS(645),k=QS(666),C=QS(752),w=QS(774),P=QS(804),F=QS(867),J=QS(879),V=QS(894);UC(178),By(`hide`,l.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!l.isJsActive),UC(64),hf(` `,OT(246,45,`validation.pipe`,d.isJsActive),` 2319`),UC(4),By(`hide`,d.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!d.isJsActive),UC(103),Wy(`@Body(`,`{`,` schema `,`}`,`)`),UC(3),Wy(`@Param('id', `,`{`,` schema `,`}`,`)`),UC(62),By(`hide`,m.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!m.isJsActive),UC(13),hf(` `,OT(437,48,`create-cat.dto`,h.isJsActive),` 2320`),UC(78),By(`hide`,u.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!u.isJsActive),UC(41),hf(` `,OT(559,51,`cats.controller`,b.isJsActive),` 2321`),UC(4),By(`hide`,b.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!b.isJsActive),UC(77),hf(` `,OT(643,54,`create-cat.dto`,S.isJsActive),` 2322`),UC(21),hf(` `,OT(664,57,`validation.pipe`,k.isJsActive),` 2323`),UC(86),hf(` `,OT(750,60,`cats.controller`,C.isJsActive),` 2324`),UC(22),hf(` `,OT(772,63,`main`,w.isJsActive),` 2325`),UC(30),hf(` `,OT(802,66,`app.module`,P.isJsActive),` 2326`),UC(63),hf(` `,OT(865,69,`parse-int.pipe`,F.isJsActive),` 2327`),UC(4),By(`hide`,F.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!F.isJsActive),UC(9),By(`hide`,J.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!J.isJsActive),UC(12),By(`hide`,V.isJsActive),UC(3),By(`hide`,!V.isJsActive)}},dependencies:[tu,xt,tn$1,u,l$1,g],encapsulation:2})}return o})();var ia=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-support`]],features:[My],decls:40,vars:0,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`support`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`how-can-you-help`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://opencollective.com/nest`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://paypal.me/kamilmysliwiec`],[`href`,`mailto:[email protected]`],[`href`,`https://github.com/nestjs/docs.nestjs.com/edit/master/content/support.md`,`target`,`_blank`,`rel`,`noopener`,1,`github-links`],[`aria-hidden`,`true`,1,`ph`,`ph-pencil-simple-line`]],template:function(a,s){a&1&&(Oa$1(0,`div`,1,0)(2,`div`,2)(3,`h3`,3),DT(4,`Support`),cf(),Oa$1(5,`p`),DT(6,`Nest is an MIT-licensed open source project whose ongoing development is made possible by the support of the community. The framework is the result of a long road of sleepless nights, work `),Oa$1(7,`strong`),DT(8,`after hours`),cf(),DT(9,`, and busy weekends.`),cf(),Oa$1(10,`h4`,4)(11,`span`),DT(12,`How can you help?`),cf()(),Oa$1(13,`p`),DT(14,`Nest isn't backed by a large company that continuously pays for the hours spent on its development. I rely entirely on the `),Oa$1(15,`strong`),DT(16,`goodness`),cf(),DT(17,` â¤ï¸ of the community. I would love to make the framework even better and stay fully focused on delivering solutions that make coding enjoyable. To make that possible, I run a few support platforms:`),cf(),Oa$1(18,`ul`)(19,`li`),DT(20,`become a backer or sponsor on `),Oa$1(21,`a`,5),DT(22,`OpenCollective`),cf()(),Oa$1(23,`li`),DT(24,`send a one-time donation via `),Oa$1(25,`a`,6),DT(26,`PayPal`),cf()(),Oa$1(27,`li`),DT(28,`or reach me directly at `),Oa$1(29,`a`,7),DT(30,`[email protected]`),cf()()(),Oa$1(31,`p`),DT(32,`If you love Nest, or your business uses it, consider sponsoring its development to ensure that the project your product relies on is `),Oa$1(33,`strong`),DT(34,`actively maintained`),cf(),DT(35,` and improved. Your support also helps me create more content for the whole Nest community, such as educational blog posts and videos.`),cf()(),Oa$1(36,`a`,8),Za$1(37,`i`,9),Oa$1(38,`span`),DT(39,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()())},dependencies:[xt],encapsulation:2})}return o}
2327)();var ra=o=>(window.location.href=o.data.externalUrl,!0);var aa=(()=>{class o extends At$1{static ɵfac=(()=>{let i;return function(s){return(i||(i=rm(o)))(s||o)}})();static ɵcmp=ef({type:o,selectors:[[`app-deployment`]],features:[My],decls:637,vars:0,consts:[[`contentReference`,``],[1,`content`],[1,`content-inner`],[`id`,`deployment`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://mau.nestjs.com/`,`title`,`Deploy Nest`],[`href`,`/deployment#easy-deployment-with-mau`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`prerequisites`],[`href`,`/first-steps#prerequisites`],[1,`info`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`building-your-application`],[1,`language-bash`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`production-environment`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://aws.amazon.com/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://azure.microsoft.com/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://cloud.google.com/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.hetzner.com/`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`node_envproduction`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`running-your-application`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`health-checks`],[`routerLink`,`/recipes/terminus`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`logging`],[`routerLink`,`/application/logger`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`observability`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.observe.nestjs.com/`,`title`,`NestJS Observe`],[1,`language-typescript`],[`routerLink`,`/observability/overview`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`scaling-up-or-out`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.docker.com/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://kubernetes.io/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/load-balancer/`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`some-other-tips`],[`routerLink`,`/security/helmet`],[`routerLink`,`/security/cors`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://prometheus.io/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://newrelic.com/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://aws.amazon.com/cloudwatch/`],[`routerLink`,`/security/rate-limiting`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://aws.amazon.com/waf/`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`dockerizing-your-application`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://www.docker.com/get-started`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://hub.docker.com/_/node`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://hub.docker.com/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://aws.amazon.com/ecr/`],[`rel`,`nofollow`,`target`,`_blank`,`href`,`https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`easy-deployment-with-mau`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`deploying`],[`href`,`/cli/usages#nest-deploy`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`why-mau`],[`src`,`https://www.mau.nestjs.com/docs/applications/dashboard.png`],[`appAnchor`,``,`id`,`how-mau-maps-to-this-guide`],[`href`,`/deployment#node_envproduction`],[`href`,`/deployment#logging`],[`href`,`/application/logger`],[`href`,`/deployment#scaling-up-or-out`],[`href`,`/deployment#health-checks`],[`href`,`/recipes/terminus`],[`href`,`/deployment#some-other-tips`],[`href`,`https://github.com/nestjs/docs.nestjs.com/edit/master/content/deployment.md`,`target`,`_blank`,`rel`,`noopener`,1,`github-links`],[`aria-hidden`,`true`,1,`ph`,`ph-pencil-simple-line`]],template:function(a,s){a&1&&(Oa$1(0,`div`,1,0)(2,`div`,2)(3,`h3`,3),DT(4,`Deployment`),cf(),Oa$1(5,`p`),DT(6,`When you're ready to deploy your NestJS application to production, there are key steps you can take to ensure it runs as efficiently as possible. This guide covers essential tips and best practices for deploying your NestJS application successfully.`),cf(),Oa$1(7,`p`),DT(8,`If you'd rather not manage infrastructure yourself, `),Oa$1(9,`a`,4),DT(10,`Mau`),cf(),DT(11,`, our official deployment platform, gets you to production on AWS with a single command. Jump straight to `),Oa$1(12,`a`,5),DT(13,`Easy deployment with Mau`),cf(),DT(14,`, or read on for the underlying concepts that apply to any hosting choice.`),cf(),Oa$1(15,`h4`,6)(16,`span`),DT(17,`Prerequisites`),cf
2327()(),Oa$1(18,`p`),DT(19,`Before deploying your NestJS application, ensure you have:`),cf(),Oa$1(20,`ul`)(21,`li`),DT(22,`A working NestJS application that is ready for deployment.`),cf(),Oa$1(23,`li`),DT(24,`Access to a deployment platform or server where you can host your application.`),cf(),Oa$1(25,`li`),DT(26,`All necessary environment variables set up for your application.`),cf(),Oa$1(27,`li`),DT(28,`Any required services, like a database, set up and ready to go.`),cf(),Oa$1(29,`li`),DT(30,`Node.js 20.19 or later (22.12 or later on the 22.x line) installed on your deployment platform, as described in `),Oa$1(31,`a`,7),DT(32,`Prerequisites`),cf(),DT(33,`. Prefer a Node.js version that is still in active LTS.`),cf()(),Oa$1(34,`blockquote`,8)(35,`strong`),DT(36,`Hint`),cf(),DT(37,` With `),Oa$1(38,`a`,4),DT(39,`Mau`),cf(),DT(40,`, most of the list above is handled for you: it provisions the server, the databases and brokers your app needs, and the environment variables, so the only prerequisite left is the application itself. 2328`),cf(),Oa$1(41,`h4`,9)(42,`span`),DT(43,`Building your application`),cf()(),Oa$1(44,`p`),DT(45,`To build your NestJS application, compile your TypeScript code into JavaScript. This process generates a `),Oa$1(46,`code`),DT(47,`dist`),cf(),DT(48,` directory containing the compiled files. Build your application by running the following command:`),cf(),Oa$1(49,`pre`)(50,`code`,10),DT(51,` 2329$ npm run build 2330`),cf()(),Oa$1(52,`p`),DT(53,`This command typically runs `),Oa$1(54,`code`),DT(55,`nest build`),cf(),DT(56,` under the hood, which is a wrapper around the TypeScript compiler with some additional features (such as copying assets). If you have a custom build script, you can run it directly. For Nest CLI monorepos, pass the name of the project to build as an argument (`),Oa$1(57,`code`),DT(58,`npm run build my-app`),cf
2330(),DT(59,`).`),cf(),Oa$1(60,`p`),DT(61,`After a successful compilation, you should see a `),Oa$1(62,`code`),DT(63,`dist`),cf(),DT(64,` directory in your project root containing the compiled files, with `),Oa$1(65,`code`),DT(66,`main.js`),cf(),DT(67,` as the entry point. If you have any `),Oa$1(68,`code`),DT(69,`.ts`),cf(),DT(70,` files in the root directory of your project (and your `),Oa$1(71,`code`),DT(72,`tsconfig.json`),cf(),DT(73,` is configured to compile them), they are compiled into the `),Oa$1(74,`code`),DT(75,`dist`),cf(),DT(76,` directory as well, which changes the directory structure: instead of `),Oa$1(77,`code`),DT(78,`dist/main.js`),cf(),DT(79,`, you get `),Oa$1(80,`code`),DT(81,`dist/src/main.js`),cf(),DT(82,`. Keep that in mind when configuring your server.`),cf(),Oa$1(83,`h4`,11)(84,`span`),DT(85,`Production environment`),cf()(),Oa$1(86,`p`),DT(87,`Your production environment is where your application is accessible to external users. This could be a cloud-based platform like `),Oa$1(88,`a`,12),DT(89,`AWS`),cf(),DT(90,` (with EC2, ECS, etc.), `),Oa$1(91,`a`,13),DT(92,`Azure`),cf(),DT(93,`, or `),Oa$1(94,`a`,14),DT(95,`Google Cloud`),cf(),DT(96,`, or a dedicated server you manage, such as `),Oa$1(97,`a`,15),DT(98,`Hetzner`),cf(),DT(99,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(100,`p`),DT(101,`To simplify the deployment process and avoid manual setup, you can use `),Oa$1(102,`a`,4),DT(103,`Mau`),cf(),DT(104,`, our official platform for deploying NestJS applications on AWS. It gives you the benefits of AWS listed below without requiring you to configure any of it yourself. See `),Oa$1(105,`a`,5),DT(106,`Easy deployment with Mau`),cf(),DT(107,` for details.`),cf(),Oa$1(108,`p`),DT(109,`Some of the pros of using a `),Oa$1(110,`strong`),DT(111,`cloud-based platform`),cf(),DT(112,` or service like `),Oa$1(113,`a`,4),DT(114,`Mau`),cf(),DT(115,` include:`),cf(),Oa$1(116,`ul`)(117,`li`),DT(118,`Scalability: Scale your application as your user base grows.`),cf(),Oa$1(119,`li`),DT(120,`Security: Benefit from built-in security features and compliance certifications.`),cf(),Oa$1(121,`li`),DT(122,`Monitoring: Monitor your application's performance and health in real time.`),cf(),Oa$1(123,`li`),DT(124,`Reliability: Ensure your application is always available with high uptime guarantees.`),cf()(),Oa$1(125,`p`),DT(126,`On the other hand, cloud-based platforms are typically more expensive than self-hosting, and you may have less control over the underlying infrastructure. A simple VPS can be a good choice if you're looking for a more cost-effective solution and have the technical expertise to manage the server yourself. Keep in mind that you'll need to handle tasks like server maintenance, security, and backups manually.`),cf(),Oa$1(127,`h4`,16)(128,`span`),DT(129,`NODE_ENV=production`),cf()(),Oa$1(130,`p`),DT(131,`While there's technically no difference between development and production in Node.js and NestJS, it's good practice to set the `),Oa$1(132,`code`),DT(133,`NODE_ENV`),cf(),DT(134,` environment variable to `),Oa$1(135,`code`),DT(136,`production`),cf(),DT(137,` when running your application in a production environment, because some libraries in the ecosystem behave differently based on this variable (e.g., enabling or disabling debugging output).`),cf(),Oa$1(138,`p`),DT(139,`You can set the `),Oa$1(140,`code`),DT(141,`NODE_ENV`),cf(),DT(142,` environment variable when starting your application:`),cf(),Oa$1(143,`pre`)(144,`code`,10),DT(145,` 2331$ NODE_ENV=production node dist/main.js 2332`),cf()(),Oa$1(146,`p`),DT(147,`Alternatively, set it in your cloud provider's or Mau's dashboard.`),cf(),Oa$1(148,`h4`,17)(149,`span`),DT(150,`Running your application`),cf()(),Oa$1(151,`p`),DT(152,`To run your NestJS application in production, use the following command:`),cf(),Oa$1(153,`pre`)(154,`code`,10),DT(155,` 2333$ node dist/main.js # Adjust this based on your entry point location 2334`),cf()(),Oa$1(156,`p`),DT(157,`This command starts your application, which listens on the port passed to `),Oa$1(158,`code`),DT(159,`app.listen()`),cf(),DT(160,` (`),Oa$1(161,`code`),DT(162,`3000`),cf(),DT(163,` in newly generated projects, unless the `),Oa$1(164,`code`),DT(165,`PORT`),cf(),DT(166,` environment variable is set). Make sure your deployment platform routes traffic to that port.`),cf(),Oa$1(167,`p`),DT(168,`Alternatively, you can use the `),Oa$1(169,`code`),DT(170,`nest start`),cf(),DT(171,` command. It is a wrapper around `),Oa$1(172,`code`),DT(173,`node dist/main.js`),cf(),DT(174,`, with one key difference: it runs `),Oa$1(175,`code`),DT(176,`nest build`),cf(),DT(177,` before starting the application, so you don't need to run `),Oa$1(178,`code`),DT(179,`npm run build`),cf(),DT(180,` manually.`),cf(),Oa$1(181,`h4`,18)(182,`span`),DT(183,`Health checks`),cf()(),Oa$1(184,`p`),DT(185,`Health checks are essential for monitoring the health and status of your NestJS application in production. With a health check endpoint, you can regularly verify that your app is running as expected and respond to issues before they become critical.`),cf(),Oa$1(186,`p`),DT(187,`In NestJS, you can implement health checks with the `),Oa$1(188,`strong`),DT(189,`@nestjs/terminus`),cf(),DT(190,` package, which supports checks for database connections, external services, and custom indicators.`),cf(),Oa$1(191,`p`),DT(192,`See the `),Oa$1(193,`a`,19),DT(194,`health checks (Terminus)`),cf(),DT(195,` recipe to learn how to implement health checks in your NestJS application.`),cf(),Oa$1(196,`h4`,20)(197,`span`),DT(198,`Logging`),cf()(),Oa$1(199,`p`),DT(200,`Logging is essential for any production-ready application. It helps you track errors, monitor behavior, and troubleshoot issues. In NestJS, you can manage logging with the `),Oa$1(201,`a`,21),DT(202,`built-in logger`),cf(),DT(203,`, or opt for external libraries if you need more advanced features.`),cf(),Oa$1(204,`p`),DT(205,`Best practices for logging:`),cf
2334(),Oa$1(206,`ul`)(207,`li`),DT(208,`Log errors, not exceptions: Focus on logging detailed error messages to speed up debugging and issue resolution.`),cf(),Oa$1(209,`li`),DT(210,`Avoid sensitive data: Never log sensitive information such as passwords or tokens.`),cf(),Oa$1(211,`li`),DT(212,`Use correlation IDs: In distributed systems, include unique identifiers (like correlation IDs) in your logs to trace requests across services.`),cf(),Oa$1(213,`li`),DT(214,`Use log levels: Categorize logs by severity (e.g., `),Oa$1(215,`code`),DT(216,`info`),cf(),DT(217,`, `),Oa$1(218,`code`),DT(219,`warn`),cf(),DT(220,`, `),Oa$1(221,`code`),DT(222,`error`),cf(),DT(223,`), and disable debug or verbose logs in production to reduce noise.`),cf()(),Oa$1(224,`blockquote`,8)(225,`strong`),DT(226,`Hint`),cf(),DT(227,` If you're using `),Oa$1(228,`a`,12),DT(229,`AWS`),cf(),DT(230,` (with `),Oa$1(231,`a`,4),DT(232,`Mau`),cf(),DT(233,` or directly), consider JSON logging to make it easier to parse and analyze your logs. 2335`),cf(),Oa$1(234,`p`),DT(235,`For distributed applications, a centralized logging service such as Elasticsearch, Loggly, or Datadog is very useful. These tools offer log aggregation, search, and visualization, making it easier to monitor and analyze your application's performance and behavior.`),cf(),Oa$1(236,`h4`,22)(237,`span`),DT(238,`Observability`),cf()(),Oa$1(239,`p`),DT(240,`Health checks and logs tell you whether the application is up; they don't tell you which route got slower after the last deploy, which class is burning the time, or which line threw. For that, instrument the application with `),Oa$1(241,`a`,23),DT(242,`NestJS Observe`),cf(),DT(243,`, our official observability platform: install the `),Oa$1(244,`code`),DT(245,`@nestjs/observe`),cf(),DT(246,` SDK, pass an API key, and requests, jobs, errors, logs, and traces start streaming to a dashboard with no manual span wiring or collector to run.`),cf(),Oa$1(247,`app-copy-button`)(248,`pre`)(249,`code`,24),DT(250,` 2336const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule, { 2337 instrument: ObserveInstrument, 2338}); 2339`),cf()()(),Oa$1(251,`p`),DT(252,`See the `),Oa$1(253,`a`,25),DT(254,`Observability`),cf(),DT(255,` chapter for the full setup, including versioning deployments with `),Oa$1(256,`code`),DT(257,`serviceVersion`),cf(),DT(258,` so each release is compared against the one before it.`),cf(),Oa$1(259,`h4`,26)(260,`span`),DT(261,`Scaling up or out`),cf()(),Oa$1(262,`p`),DT(263,`Scaling your NestJS application effectively is crucial for handling increased traffic and ensuring optimal performance. There are two primary strategies for scaling: `),Oa$1(264,`strong`),DT(265,`vertical scaling`),cf(),DT(266,` and `),Oa$1(267,`strong`),DT(268,`horizontal scaling`),cf(),DT(269,`. Understanding both helps you design your application to manage load efficiently.`),cf(),Oa$1(270,`p`)(271,`strong`),DT(272,`Vertical scaling`),cf(),DT(273,`, often referred to as "scaling up", involves increasing the resources of a single server to improve its performance. This could mean adding more CPU, RAM, or storage to your existing machine. Key points to consider:`),cf(),Oa$1(274,`ul`)(275,`li`),DT(276,`Simplicity: Vertical scaling is generally simpler to implement since you only need to upgrade your existing server rather than manage multiple instances.`),cf(),Oa$1(277,`li`),DT(278,`Limitations: There are physical limits to how much you can scale a single machine. Once you reach the maximum capacity, you may need to consider other options.`),cf(),Oa$1(279,`li`),DT(280,`Cost-effectiveness: For applications with moderate traffic, vertical scaling can be cost-effective, as it reduces the need for additional infrastructure.`),cf()(),Oa$1(281,`p`),DT(282,`Example: If your NestJS app is hosted on a virtual machine and you notice that it's running slowly during peak hours, you can upgrade the VM to a larger instance with more resources, typically by selecting a larger instance type in your provider's dashboard.`),cf(),Oa$1(283,`p`)(284,`strong`),DT(285,`Horizontal scaling`),cf(),DT(286,`, or "scaling out", involves adding more servers or instances to distribute the load. This strategy is widely used in cloud environments and is essential for applications expecting high traffic. Benefits and considerations:`),cf(),Oa$1(287,`ul`)(288,`li`),DT(289,`Increased capacity: By adding more instances of your application, you can handle a larger number of concurrent users without degrading performance.`),cf(),Oa$1(290,`li`),DT(291,`Redundancy: The failure of one server doesn't bring down your entire application, because traffic can be redistributed among the remaining servers.`),cf(),Oa$1(292,`li`),DT(293,`Load balancing: To manage multiple instances effectively, use load balancers (like Nginx or AWS Elastic Load Balancing) to distribute incoming traffic evenly across your servers.`),cf()(),Oa$1(294,`p`),DT(295,`Example: For a NestJS application experiencing high traffic, you can deploy multiple instances of your app in a cloud environment and use a load balancer to route requests, ensuring that no single instance becomes a bottleneck.`),cf(),Oa$1(296,`p`),DT(297,`Containerization technologies like `),Oa$1(298,`a`,27),DT(299,`Docker`),cf(),DT(300,` and container orchestration platforms such as `),Oa$1(301,`a`,28),DT(302,`Kubernetes`),cf(),DT(303,` make this process straightforward. You can also use cloud-specific load balancers like `),Oa$1(304,`a`,29),DT(305,`AWS Elastic Load Balancing`),cf(),DT(306,` or `),Oa$1(307,`a`,30),DT(308,`Azure Load Balancer`),cf(),DT(309,` to distribute traffic across your application instances.`),cf(),Oa$1(310,`blockquote`,8)(311,`strong`),DT(312,`Hint`),cf(),Oa$1(313,`a`,4),DT(314,`Mau`),cf(),DT(315,` offers built-in supp
2339ort for horizontal scaling on AWS, so you can deploy multiple instances of your NestJS application and manage them with just a few clicks. 2340`),cf(),Oa$1(316,`h4`,31)(317,`span`),DT(318,`Some other tips`),cf()(),Oa$1(319,`p`),DT(320,`Keep these additional tips in mind when deploying your NestJS application:`),cf(),Oa$1(321,`ul`)(322,`li`)(323,`strong`),DT(324,`Security`),cf(),DT(325,`: Protect your application from common threats such as SQL injection and XSS. See the chapters in the "Security" category, such as `),Oa$1(326,`a`,32),DT(327,`Helmet`),cf(),DT(328,` and `),Oa$1(329,`a`,33),DT(330,`CORS`),cf(),DT(331,`, for details.`),cf(),Oa$1(332,`li`)(333,`strong`),DT(334,`Monitoring`),cf(),DT(335,`: Use monitoring tools like `),Oa$1(336,`a`,34),DT(337,`Prometheus`),cf(),DT(338,` or `),Oa$1(339,`a`,35),DT(340,`New Relic`),cf(),DT(341,` to track your application's performance and health. Cloud providers and Mau may offer built-in monitoring services (such as `),Oa$1(342,`a`,36),DT(343,`AWS CloudWatch`),cf(),DT(344,`).`),cf(),Oa$1(345,`li`)(346,`strong`),DT(347,`Do not hardcode environment variables`),cf(),DT(348,`: Avoid hardcoding sensitive information like API keys, passwords, or tokens in your code. Use environment variables or a secrets manager to store and access these values securely.`),cf(),Oa$1(349,`li`)(350,`strong`),DT(351,`Backups`),cf(),DT(352,`: Regularly back up your data to prevent data loss in case of an incident.`),cf(),Oa$1(353,`li`)(354,`strong`),DT(355,`Automate deployments`),cf(),DT(356,`: Use CI/CD pipelines to automate your deployment process and ensure consistency across environments.`),cf(),Oa$1(357,`li`)(358,`strong`),DT(359,`Rate limiting`),cf(),DT(360,`: Implement rate limiting to prevent abuse and protect your application from DDoS attacks. See the `),Oa$1(361,`a`,37),DT(362,`rate limiting`),cf(),DT(363,` chapter for details, or use a service like `),Oa$1(364,`a`,38),DT(365,`AWS WAF`),cf(),DT(366,` for advanced protection.`),cf()(),Oa$1(367,`h4`,39)(368,`span`),DT(369,`Dockerizing your application`),cf()(),Oa$1(370,`p`)(371,`a`,27),DT(372,`Docker`),cf(),DT(373,` is a platform that uses containerization to let developers package applications along with their dependencies into a standardized unit called a container. Containers are lightweight, portable, and isolated, which makes them ideal for deploying applications in various environments, from local development to production.`),cf(),Oa$1(374,`p`),DT(375,`Benefits of Dockerizing your NestJS application:`),cf(),Oa$1(376,`ul`)(377,`li`),DT(378,`Consistency: Docker ensures that your application runs the same way on any machine, eliminating the "it works on my machine" problem.`),cf(),Oa$1(379,`li`),DT(380,`Isolation: Each container runs in its own isolated environment, preventing conflicts between dependencies.`),cf(),Oa$1(381,`li`),DT(382,`Scalability: You can scale your application by running multiple containers across different machines or cloud instances.`),cf(),Oa$1(383,`li`),DT(384,`Portability: Containers move between environments without changes, so you can deploy your application on different platforms.`),cf()(),Oa$1(385,`p`),DT(386,`To install Docker, follow the instructions on the `),Oa$1(387,`a`,40),DT(388,`Docker website`),cf(),DT(389,`. Once Docker is installed, create a `),Oa$1(390,`code`),DT(391,`Dockerfile`),cf(),DT(392,` in your NestJS project. It is a text file that contains the instructions Docker uses to build your container image.`),cf(),Oa$1(393,`p`),DT(394,`Here's a sample `),Oa$1(395,`code`),DT(396,`Dockerfile`),cf(),DT(397,` for a NestJS application:`),cf(),Oa$1(398,`pre`)(399,`code`,10),DT(400,` 2341# Use the official Node.js image as the base image 2342FROM node:24 2343 2344# Set the working directory inside the container 2345WORKDIR /usr/src/app 2346 2347# Copy package.json and package-lock.json to the working directory 2348COPY package*.json ./ 2349 2350# Install the application dependencies 2351RUN npm install 2352 2353# Copy the rest of the application files 2354COPY . . 2355 2356# Build the NestJS application 2357RUN npm run build 2358 2359# Expose the application port 2360EXPOSE 3000 2361 2362# Command to run the application 2363CMD ["node", "dist/main"] 2364`),cf()(),Oa$1(401,`blockquote`,8)(402,`strong`),DT(403,`Hint`),cf(),DT(404,` Replace `),Oa$1(405,`code`),DT(406,`node:24`),cf(),DT(407,` with the Node.js version your project uses (NestJS v12 requires Node.js 20.19 or later, or 22.12 or later on the 22.x line). You can find the available Node.js Docker images in the `),Oa$1(408,`a`,41),DT(409,`official Docker Hub repository`),cf
2364(),DT(410,`. 2365`),cf(),Oa$1(411,`p`),DT(412,`This basic `),Oa$1(413,`code`),DT(414,`Dockerfile`),cf(),DT(415,` sets up a Node.js environment, installs the application dependencies, builds the NestJS application, and runs it. You can customize it based on your project requirements (e.g., use a different base image, optimize the build process, or install only production dependencies).`),cf(),Oa$1(416,`p`),DT(417,`Next, create a `),Oa$1(418,`code`),DT(419,`.dockerignore`),cf(),DT(420,` file in your project root to specify which files and directories Docker should ignore when building the image:`),cf(),Oa$1(421,`pre`)(422,`code`,10),DT(423,` 2366node_modules 2367dist 2368*.log 2369*.md 2370.git 2371`),cf()(),Oa$1(424,`p`),DT(425,`This file keeps unnecessary files out of the container image, keeping it lightweight. With the `),Oa$1(426,`code`),DT(427,`Dockerfile`),cf(),DT(428,` in place, you can build your Docker image. Open your terminal, navigate to your project directory, and run the following command:`),cf(),Oa$1(429,`pre`)(430,`code`,10),DT(431,` 2372docker build -t my-nestjs-app . 2373`),cf()(),Oa$1(432,`p`),DT(433,`In this command:`),cf(),Oa$1(434,`ul`)(435,`li`)(436,`code`),DT(437,`-t my-nestjs-app`),cf(),DT(438,`: Tags the image with the name `),Oa$1(439,`code`),DT(440,`my-nestjs-app`),cf(),DT(441,`.`),cf(),Oa$1(442,`li`)(443,`code`),DT(444,`.`),cf(),DT(445,`: Indicates the current directory as the build context.`),cf()(),Oa$1(446,`p`),DT(447,`After building the image, run it as a container:`),cf(),Oa$1(448,`pre`)(449,`code`,10),DT(450,` 2374docker run -p 3000:3000 my-nestjs-app 2375`),cf()(),Oa$1(451,`p`),DT(452,`In this command:`),cf(),Oa$1(453,`ul`)(454,`li`)(455,`code`),DT(456,`-p 3000:3000`),cf(),DT(457,`: Maps port 3000 on your host machine to port 3000 in the container.`),cf(),Oa$1(458,`li`)(459,`code`),DT(460,`my-nestjs-app`),cf(),DT(461,`: Specifies the image to run.`),cf()(),Oa$1(462,`p`),DT(463,`Your NestJS application should now be running inside a Docker container.`),cf(),Oa$1(464,`p`),DT(465,`To deploy your Docker image to a cloud provider or share it with others, push it to a container registry (such as `),Oa$1(466,`a`,42),DT(467,`Docker Hub`),cf(),DT(468,`, `),Oa$1(469,`a`,43),DT(470,`Amazon ECR`),cf(),DT(471,`, or `),Oa$1(472,`a`,44),DT(473,`Google Artifact Registry`),cf(),DT(474,`).`),cf(),Oa$1(475,`p`),DT(476,`Once you've chosen a registry, push your image:`),cf(),Oa$1(477,`pre`)(478,`code`,10),DT(479,` 2376docker login # Log in to your Docker registry 2377docker tag my-nestjs-app your-dockerhub-username/my-nestjs-app # Tag your image 2378docker push your-dockerhub-username/my-nestjs-app # Push your image 2379`),cf()(),Oa$1(480,`p`),DT(481,`Replace `),Oa$1(482,`code`),DT(483,`your-dockerhub-username`),cf(),DT(484,` with your Docker Hub username or the appropriate registry URL. After pushing your image, you can pull it on any machine and run it as a container.`),cf(),Oa$1(485,`p`),DT(486,`Cloud providers like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud offer managed container services that simplify deploying and managing containers at scale. These services provide features like auto-scaling, load balancing, and monitoring for your NestJS application in production.`),cf(),Oa$1(487,`h4`,45)(488,`span`),DT(489,`Easy deployment with Mau`),cf()(),Oa$1(490,`p`)(491,`a`,4),DT(492,`Mau`),cf(),DT(493,` is our official platform for deploying NestJS applications on `),Oa$1(494,`a`,12),DT(495,`AWS`),cf(),DT(496,`. It handles everything the previous sections described (provisioning the server, wiring up databases and brokers, managing environment variables, scaling, monitoring, and CI/CD), so you don't have to assemble it yourself.`),cf(),Oa$1(497,`h5`,46)(498,`span`),DT(499,`Deploying`),cf()(),Oa$1(500,`p`),DT(501,`As of NestJS v12, the Nest CLI ships a `),Oa$1(502,`code`),DT(503,`deploy`),cf(),DT(504,` command. Run it from your project root:`),cf(),Oa$1(505,`pre`)(506,`code`,10),DT(507,` 2380$ nest deploy 2381`),cf()(),Oa$1(508,`p`),DT(509,`If Mau isn't installed yet, the command offers to add `),Oa$1(510,`code`),DT(511,`@nestjs/mau`),cf(),DT(512,` as a dev dependency and then continues. Any options you pass are forwarded to `),Oa$1(513,`code`),DT(514,`mau deploy`),cf(),DT(515,`. See `),Oa$1(516,`a`,47),DT(517,`nest deploy`),cf(),DT(518,` for details.`),cf(),Oa$1(519,`p`),DT(520,`You can also install the Mau CLI globally and invoke it directly. This is the right choice for CI environments, where interactive prompts aren't available:`),cf
2381(),Oa$1(521,`pre`)(522,`code`,10),DT(523,` 2382$ npm install -g @nestjs/mau 2383$ mau deploy 2384`),cf()(),Oa$1(524,`p`),DT(525,`Once the deployment completes, your application is live on AWS, typically within minutes of your first run.`),cf(),Oa$1(526,`h5`,48)(527,`span`),DT(528,`Why Mau`),cf()(),Oa$1(529,`p`),DT(530,`With Mau, provisioning and maintaining your infrastructure takes just a few clicks. Under the hood, Mau uses `),Oa$1(531,`strong`),DT(532,`Amazon Web Services`),cf(),DT(533,` to give you a powerful and reliable platform, while abstracting away the complexity of AWS. You get the advantages of AWS without having to learn and manage its details, which makes Mau a good fit for startups, small-to-medium businesses, large enterprises, and any developer who would rather ship than configure infrastructure.`),cf(),Oa$1(534,`figure`),Za$1(535,`img`,49),cf(),Oa$1(536,`p`),DT(537,`With `),Oa$1(538,`a`,4),DT(539,`Mau`),cf(),DT(540,`, you can:`),cf(),Oa$1(541,`ul`)(542,`li`),DT(543,`Deploy your NestJS applications with just a few clicks (APIs, microservices, etc.).`),cf(),Oa$1(544,`li`),DT(545,`Provision `),Oa$1(546,`strong`),DT(547,`databases`),cf(),DT(548,` such as:`),Oa$1(549,`ul`)(550,`li`),DT(551,`PostgreSQL`),cf(),Oa$1(552,`li`),DT(553,`MySQL`),cf(),Oa$1(554,`li`),DT(555,`MongoDB (DocumentDB)`),cf(),Oa$1(556,`li`),DT(557,`Redis`),cf(),Oa$1(558,`li`),DT(559,`more`),cf()()(),Oa$1(560,`li`),DT(561,`Set up broker services like:`),Oa$1(562,`ul`)(563,`li`),DT(564,`RabbitMQ`),cf(),Oa$1(565,`li`),DT(566,`Kafka`),cf(),Oa$1(567,`li`),DT(568,`NATS`),cf()()(),Oa$1(569,`li`),DT(570,`Deploy scheduled tasks (`),Oa$1(571,`strong`),DT(572,`CRON jobs`),cf(),DT(573,`) and background workers.`),cf(),Oa$1(574,`li`),DT(575,`Deploy lambda functions and serverless applications.`),cf(),Oa$1(576,`li`),DT(577,`Set up `),Oa$1(578,`strong`),DT(579,`CI/CD pipelines`),cf(),DT(580,` for automated deployments.`),cf(),Oa$1(581,`li`),DT(582,`And much more.`),cf()(),Oa$1(583,`h5`,50)(584,`span`),DT(585,`How Mau maps to this guide`),cf()(),Oa$1(586,`p`),DT(587,`Each topic covered earlier in this chapter has a managed equivalent in Mau:`),cf(),Oa$1(588,`table`)(589,`tr`)(590,`td`)(591,`a`,51),DT(592,`Environment variables`),cf()(),Oa$1(593,`td`),DT(594,`Set `),Oa$1(595,`code`),DT(596,`NODE_ENV`),cf(),DT(597,` and your secrets in the Mau dashboard instead of managing them on the server.`),cf()(),Oa$1(598,`tr`)(599,`td`)(600,`a`,52),DT(601,`Logging`),cf()(),Oa$1(602,`td`),DT(603,`Logs are collected and viewable in the dashboard. JSON logging is especially useful here; see the `),Oa$1(604,`a`,53),DT(605,`Logger chapter`),cf(),DT(606,`.`),cf()(),Oa$1(607,`tr`)(608,`td`)(609,`a`,54),DT(610,`Scaling`),cf()(),Oa$1(611,`td`),DT(612,`Built-in support for horizontal scaling: run multiple instances of your application and manage them from the dashboard.`),cf()(),Oa$1(613,`tr`)(614,`td`)(615,`a`,55),DT(616,`Health checks`),cf()(),Oa$1(617,`td`),DT(618,`Point Mau at the endpoint you expose with `),Oa$1(619,`a`,56),DT(620,`Terminus`),cf(),DT(621,` and unhealthy instances are handled for you.`),cf()(),Oa$1(622,`tr`)(623,`td`)(624,`a`,57),DT(625,`Monitoring and backups`),cf()(),Oa$1(626,`td`),DT(627,`Metrics come from AWS CloudWatch, and managed databases are backed up automatically.`),cf()()(),Oa$1(628,`p`),DT(629,`Sign up today and `),Oa$1(630,`a`,4),DT(631,`deploy with Mau`),cf(),DT(632,` to get your NestJS applications up and running on AWS in minutes.`),cf()(),Oa$1(633,`a`,58),Za$1(634,`i`,59),Oa$1(635,`span`),DT(636,`Edit on GitHub`),cf()()())},dependencies:[xt,tn$1,tu],encapsulation:2})}return o})();var Wo=[{path:``,component:Hr,children:[{path:``,component:Xr},{path:`first-steps`,component:Kr,data:{title:`First steps`}},{path:`controllers`,component:Ur,data:{title:`Controllers`}},{path:`components`,redirectTo:`providers`},{path:`providers`,component:Gr,data:{title:`Providers`}},{path:`modules`,component:ta,data:{title:`Modules`}},{path:`middleware`,component:Zr,data:{title:`Middleware`}},{path:`pipes`,component:na,data:{title:`Pipes`}},{path:`guards`,component:Qr,data:{title:`Guards`}},{path:`exception-filters`,component:Yr,data:{title:`Exception filters`}},{path:`interceptors`,component:$r,data:{title:`Interceptors`}},{path:`custom-decorators`,component:Wr,data:{title:`Custom decorators`}},{path:`standalone-applications`,component:Jr,data:{title:`Standalone applications`}},{path:`application-context`,redirectTo:`standalone-applications`},{path:`discover/companies`,component:Vr,data:{title:`Discover - Who is using Nest?`}},{path:`migration-guide`,component:ea,data:{title:`Migration guide - FAQ`}},{path:`deployment`,component:aa,data:{title:`Deployment`}}
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